First America Resources Corp - Quarter Report: 2017 December (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2017

¨ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT

For the transition period from _________ to _________

SEC File No. 333-175482

Issuer’s telephone number: 815-941-9888

N/A

(Former name, former address and former three months, if changed since last report)

Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes x No ¨

As of February 2, 2018 there were 7,964,090 shares issued and outstanding of the registrant’s common stock.  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

First America Resources Corporation

Financial Statement (Unaudited)

Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Contents

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

NOTE A - BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

First America Resources Corporation (the “Company”) formerly known as Golden Oasis New Energy Group, Inc., was incorporated under the laws of Nevada on May 10, 2010 with registered address at 1955 Baring Blvd., Sparks, NV 89434. First America Resources Corporation has its mailing address at 1000 E. Armstrong Street, Morris IL 60450.

The Company was previously engaged in selling the lithium-ion batteries and related power supplies that mainly are used in mobile and consumer electronics products, such as readers, DVD players, digital cameras and digital video recorders, communications products, electric-power bikes and mopeds, miner's lamps, electric-power tools, electric-power sources for instruments and meters and other similar electrical equipment that can run on batteries.

On February 6, 2013, pursuant to an Agreement between Mr. Keming Li, former CEO/President and Director of Golden Oasis New Energy Group Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Issuer”), Ms. Guoling Jin, former Treasury and Director of Golden Oasis New Energy Group Inc., and Ms. Madison Li (the stockholder), of Golden Oasis New Energy Group Inc., and Mr. Jian Li (the “Purchaser”), Mr. Jian Li became the principal stockholder and Chief Executive Officer and Tzongshyan George Sheu the former Vice President, Secretary, and Director of the Company.

Going Concern and Plan of Operation

The Company's financial statements have been presented on the basis that it is a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has not earned any profit from operations to date. These conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Development Stage Company

The Company was considered to be in the development stage as defined FASB ASC Topic 915, “Development Stage Entities”. The Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to the corporate formation, the raising of capital and attempting to raise sales. In June 2014, the FASB amended ASC 915 to eliminate the defination of a development stage entity and eliminate the related presentation and disclosure requirements. With the implementation of this amendment, the Company no longer presents the development stage disclosures.

NOTE B - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of accounting

The financial statements reflect the assets, revenues and expenditures of the Company on the accrual basis of accounting.

The Company’s fiscal year end is June 30.

The accompanying unaudited condensed interim financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information, and with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission set forth in Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited condensed interim financial statements furnished reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Unaudited interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year. These unaudited condensed interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements of the Company for the year ended June 30, 2017 and notes thereto contained in our 10-K Annual Report.

NOTE B - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain amounts reported in the financial statements and disclosures. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, there were $1,470 and $ 6,928 in cash and cash equivalents, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock issued for services using the fair value method. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”, the measurement date of shares issued for services is the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share

The Company computes per share amounts in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires presentation of basic and diluted EPS.

Basic EPS is computed by dividing the income (loss) available to Common Shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding during the periods.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company only issued one type of shares, i.e., common shares only. There are no other type of securities issued. Accordingly, the diluted and basic net loss per common share is the same.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605-15-25 “Revenue Recognition for Sales of Product”, the Company recognizes revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned. The revenue from the product sales transaction shall be recognized at time of sale if the following conditions are met:

NOTE B - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Revenue Recognition (Continued)

Revenues are recognized from product sales upon shipment, which is the point in time when risk of loss is transferred to the customer, net of estimated returns and allowances.

The Company had zero revenue for the three and six month periods ended at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of Goods Sold included the purchase cost of the product sold, freight and shipping expense, custom fees, and merchant account fees.

For the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no Cost of Goods Sold.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of selling, general and administrative expenses, mainly accounting and auditing fees, legal fees, SEC filing fees, and other professional fees.

For the quarters ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred $3,062 and $18,673 operating expenses, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred $11,833 and $23,658 operating expenses, respectively.

Operating Leases

After February 6, 2013, the Company moved to the new address located at 1000 E. Armstrong St., Morris, IL 60450. There was no lease signed between the Company and the property owner, Jian Li, who is also the majority shareholder of the Company.

NOTE B - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided for tax effects of transactions reported in the financial statements and consist of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes. Deferred taxes are recognized for differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The differences in asset and liability basis relate primarily to organization and start-up costs (use of different methods and periods to calculate deduction). Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses and tax credits that are available to offset future income taxes. The deferred tax assets and/or liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. The components of the deferred tax asset and liability are classified as current and noncurrent based on their characteristics. Valuation allowances are provided for deferred tax assets based on management’s projection of the sufficiency of future taxable income to realize the assets. The Company policy is to recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition,” and most industry-specific guidance. This ASU is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The amendments in the ASU must be applied using one of two retrospective methods and were originally set to be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. On July 9, 2015, the FASB modified ASU 2014-09 to be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is assessing the impact of adoption of the ASU.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”). This guidance requires an entity to recognize lease liabilities and a right-of-use asset for all leases on the balance sheet and to disclose key information about the entity’s leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after the date of initial adoption, with an option to elect to use certain transition relief. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period, with earlier adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of adoption of the ASU.

NOTE C - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Common Shares Issued to Executive and Non-Executive Officers and Directors

As of December 31, 2017 total 6,588,010 shares were issued to officers and directors. Please see the Table below for details:

NOTE C - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Continued)

_______________

*The percentage of common shares was based on the total outstanding shares of 7,964,090 as of December 31, 2017.

Loans to Officer/Shareholder

From the period of April 1, 2012 to February 28, 2013, the former company officer, Keming Li, loaned $ 25,787 to First America Resources Corporation (formerly known as Golden Oasis New Energy Group Inc.) without interest and without written agreement. The payment term is on demand.

On February 6, 2013, Mr. Keming Li sold his shares to Mr. Jian Li, and Mr. Jian Li became the loan holder for all the prior loans advanced by the former officer, Mr. Keming Li. As of March 31, 2013, the total loans from shareholder or officer was $25,787.

For the period of April 1, 2013 to June 30, 2015, the officer and director Jian Li additionally loaned $ 36,300 to the Company for continually operating of the business.

For the period of July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, the officer and director Jian Li additionally loaned $ 36,000 to the Company for continually operating of the business.

For the period of July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017, the officer and director Jian Li additionally loaned $ 28,846 to the Company for continually operating of the business.

For the period of July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017, the officer and director Jian Li additionally loaned $12,000 to the Company for continually operating of the business.

As of December 31, 2017, the total loan outstanding from officer and director Jian Li is $138,933.

NOTE D - SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

Under the Company’s Articles of Incorporation dated May 10, 2010, the Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of capital stock with a par value of $0.001.

On May 10, 2010, the Company was incorporated in the State of Nevada.

As of December 31, 2017, there was a total of 7,964,090 shares issued and outstanding.

NOTE E - GOING CONCERN

The Company’s activities consist solely of corporate formation, raising capital and attempting to sell products to generate revenues.

There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to raise enough capital or generate revenues to sustain its operations and carry out its business plan. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issue date of these financial statements.

The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the carrying amounts of recorded assets or the carrying amounts and classification of recorded liabilities that may be required should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had no revenues, a working capital deficiency of $137,463 and an accumulated deficit of $336,287.

The Company’s lack of operating history and financial resources raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans are to acquire First America Metal Corporation, a company owned primarily by Mr. Jian Li, or another operating company. The financial statements do not include adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty and if the Company is unable to generate significant revenue or secure financing, then the Company may be required to cease or curtail its operations.

NOTE F – INCOME TAXES

The Company has net operating loss carry forwards of $302,287 and $290,454 at December 31, and June 30, 2017, respectively, available to offset taxable income in future years which commence expiring in fiscal 2030.

The income tax benefit has been computed by applying the weighted average income tax rates of the United States (federal and state rates) of 21% to the net loss before income taxes calculated for each jurisdiction. The tax effect of the significant temporary differences, which comprise future tax assets and liabilities, are as follows:

The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31, and June 30, 2017, respectively, are as follows:

NOTE F – INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted. This law substantially amended the Internal Revenue Code, including amending the U.S. corporate tax rates. Upon enactment, the Company’s deferred tax asset and related valuation allowance increased by $17,427 due to changes in the corporate tax rates. As the deferred tax asset is fully allowed for, this change in rates had no impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operation.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes, and other financial information included in this Form 10-Q.

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains not only statements that are historical facts, but also statements that are forward-looking. Forward-looking statements are, by their very nature, uncertain and risky. These risks and uncertainties include international, national, and local general economic and market conditions; our ability to sustain, manage, or forecast growth; our ability to successfully make and integrate acquisitions; new product development and introduction; existing government regulations and changes in, or the failure to comply with, government regulations; adverse publicity; competition; the loss of significant customers or suppliers; fluctuations and difficulty in forecasting operating results; change in business strategy or development plans; business disruptions; the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the ability to protect technology; the risk of foreign currency exchange rate; and other risks that might be detailed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Although the forward-looking statements in this Report reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and factors currently known by them. Consequently, and because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, the actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and outcomes discussed in the forward-looking statements. You are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report as we attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and prospects.

Overview

First America Resources Corporation is a Nevada corporation formed on May 10, 2010, with registered address at 1955 Baring Blvd, Sparks, Nevada 89434. First America Resources Corporation has offices at 1000 East Armstrong Street, Morris, IL 60450, and contact telephone number 815-941-9888.

The Corporation was originally known as Golden Oasis New Energy Group, Inc. when formed. The Corporation amended its Articles of Incorporation as follows: The Corporation changed its name from Golden Oasis New Energy Group, Inc. to First America Resources Corporation. The effective date of the amendment was when final approval from FINRA was received, which was August 26, 2014.

We were previously engaged in selling the lithium-ion batteries and related power supplies that mainly are used in mobile and consumer electronics products, such as readers, DVD players, digital cameras and digital video recorders, communications products, electric-power bikes and mopeds, miner's lamps, electric-power tools, electric-power sources for instruments and meters and other similar electrical equipment that can run on batteries.

On February 6, 2013, pursuant to an Agreement between Mr. Keming Li, former CEO/President and Director of Golden Oasis New Energy Group Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "Issuer"), Ms. Guoling Jin, former Treasury and Director of Golden Oasis New Energy Group Inc., and Ms. Madison Li (the stockholder) of Golden Oasis New Energy Group Inc., and Mr. Jian Li (the "Purchaser"), Mr. Jian Li became the principal stockholder and Chief Executive Officer and Tzongshyan George Sheu the Vice-President, Secretary of the Company and a Director on the Board of Directors of the Company as well.

In connection with this change of control, we discontinued our current business. It is anticipated we will acquire First America Metal Corporation, a business owned primarily by Mr. Jian Li, or another operating company, depending upon completion of audit and preparation of required filing on Form 8-K, which we currently hope to complete in the next 12 months but may take longer than such currently anticipated dates.

First America Metal Corporation in Morris, IL is an international scrap metal company specializing in recycling of non-ferrous and electronic material and has become one large exporter of scrap metal in the Midwest. First America Metal Corp. is operating a business branch in Fort Worth, Texas since November 2014 and operating the Georgia branch since January 2016. Management anticipates that after acquisition we will be competitive in pricing of some or all of the following, depending upon market conditions which can change, even rapidly, from time-to-time: Copper, Brass, Stainless, Aluminum, High Temp Alloys, Zinc, Tin, Cobalt, Tungsten Alloys, and electronic material.

Results of Operations

For the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2017 vs. December 31, 2016:

Revenues

The Company had zero sales revenue for the fiscal quarters ended at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Cost of Goods Sold

The Company had zero cost of goods sold for the fiscal quarters ended at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Expenses

Our expenses consist of selling, general and administrative expenses as follows:

For the fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were total of $3,062 and $18,673 operating expenses, respectively.

Detail is shown in the below table:

We expect selling, general, and administrative expenses to increase in future periods if and when we close our planned acquisition as described above.

Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S.

We paid no income taxes in USA for the quarters ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to the net operation loss in USA.

Net Loss

We incurred net losses of $3,062 and $18,673 for the quarters ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

For the six months ended December 31, 2017 vs. December 31, 2016:

Revenues

The Company had zero sales revenue for the six months ended at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Cost of Goods Sold

The Company had zero cost of goods sold for the six months ended at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Expenses

Our expenses consist of selling, general and administrative expenses as follows:

For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were total of $11,833 and $23,658 operating expenses, respectively.

Detail is shown in the below table:

We expect selling, general, and administrative expenses to increase in future periods if and when we close our planned acquisition as described above.

Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S.

We paid no income taxes in USA for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to the net operation loss in USA.

Net Loss

We incurred net losses of $11,833 and $23,658 for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1,470 at December 31, 2017 and negative working capital of $137,463. There were total liabilities of $138,933 at December 31, 2017. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $ 6,928 at June 30, 2017 and negative working capital of $125,630. There were total liabilities of $132,558 at June 30, 2017.

Until we generate more operating revenues or receive other financing, all our costs, which we will incur irrespective of our business development activities, including bank service fees and those costs associated with SEC requirements associated with staying public, will be funded by Jian Li, our President and Director. Mr. Li is not obligated to pay these costs and any costs advanced will be treated as a demand loan with to be agreed interest. These costs are estimated to be less than $50,000 annually until we close our potential acquisition. If we fail to meet these requirements, we will be unable to secure a qualification for quotation of our securities on the over the counter bulletin board, or if we have secured a qualification, may lose the qualification and our securities would no longer trade on the over the counter bulletin board. Further, if we fail to meet these obligations and as a consequence we fail to satisfy our SEC reporting obligations, investors will now own stock in a company that does not provide the disclosure available in quarterly and annual reports filed with the SEC and investors may have increased difficulty in selling their stock as we will be non-reporting.

At December 31, 2017, we owe Mr. Li an aggregate of $138,933 on these loans, which are oral and bear no interest, due upon demand.

After our potential acquisition, we may still need to secure additional debt or equity funding. We do not have any plans or specific agreements for new sources of funding, except for the anticipated loans from management as described above.

Our lack of revenues and cash raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty and if we are unable to generate significant revenue or secure financing we may be required to cease or curtail our operations.

The Company’s lack of operating history and financial resources raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q was properly recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms. The Company’s controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer/Chief Financial Officer to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) at December 31, 2017 based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange Act. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer/Chief Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer/Chief Financial Officer concluded that, at December 31, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

None.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities.

The Registrant did not sell any registered securities during the three months ended December 31, 2017.

(b) Use of Proceeds.

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a) Exhibits.

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* This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.

** XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

First America Resources Corporation, a Nevada corporation

In accordance with the Exchange Act, this Report has been signed below by the following person on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

EXHIBIT INDEX

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* This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.

** XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.