First American Financial Corp - Quarter Report: 2021 September (Form 10-Q)

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number 001-34580

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		26-1911571
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1 First American Way, Santa Ana, California		92707-5913
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(714) 250-3000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.00001 par value		FAF		New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

On October 18, 2021 there were 109,766,986 shares of common stock outstanding.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

INFORMATION INCLUDED IN REPORT

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)

	A. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	5

	B. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	6

	C. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	7

	D. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the quarters within the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	8

	E. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	10

	F. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	47

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	57

Item 6.	Exhibits	58

Items 3 through 5 of Part II have been omitted because they are not applicable with respect to the current reporting period.

THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY THE FACT THAT THEY DO NOT RELATE STRICTLY TO HISTORICAL OR CURRENT FACTS AND MAY CONTAIN THE WORDS “BELIEVE,” “ANTICIPATE,” “EXPECT,” “INTEND,” “PLAN,” “PREDICT,” “ESTIMATE,” “PROJECT,” “WILL BE,” “WILL CONTINUE,” “WILL LIKELY RESULT,” OR OTHER SIMILAR WORDS AND PHRASES OR FUTURE OR CONDITIONAL VERBS SUCH AS “WILL,” “MAY,” “MIGHT,” “SHOULD,” “WOULD,” OR “COULD.” THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS INCLUDE, WITHOUT LIMITATION, STATEMENTS REGARDING FUTURE OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE, FINANCIAL CONDITION, PROSPECTS, PLANS AND STRATEGIES. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON CURRENT EXPECTATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS THAT MAY PROVE TO BE INCORRECT.

•

INTEREST RATE FLUCTUATIONS;

•

CHANGES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE REAL ESTATE MARKETS;

•

VOLATILITY IN THE CAPITAL MARKETS;

•

UNFAVORABLE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS;

•

THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AND RESPONSES THERETO;

•

IMPAIRMENTS IN THE COMPANY’S GOODWILL OR OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS;

•

UNCERTAINTY FROM THE EXPECTED DISCONTINUANCE OF LIBOR AND TRANSITION TO ANY OTHER INTEREST RATE BENCHMARK;

•

FAILURES AT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS WHERE THE COMPANY DEPOSITS FUNDS;

•

REGULATORY OVERSIGHT AND CHANGES IN APPLICABLE LAWS AND GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, INCLUDING PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION LAWS;

•

HEIGHTENED SCRUTINY BY LEGISLATORS AND REGULATORS OF THE COMPANY’S TITLE INSURANCE AND SERVICES SEGMENT AND CERTAIN OTHER OF THE COMPANY’S BUSINESSES;

•

REGULATION OF TITLE INSURANCE RATES;

•

LIMITATIONS ON ACCESS TO PUBLIC RECORDS AND OTHER DATA;

•

CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH CRISES, SEVERE WEATHER CONDITIONS AND OTHER CATASTROPHE EVENTS;

•

CHANGES IN RELATIONSHIPS WITH LARGE MORTGAGE LENDERS AND GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES;

•

CHANGES IN MEASURES OF THE STRENGTH OF THE COMPANY’S TITLE INSURANCE UNDERWRITERS, INCLUDING RATINGS AND STATUTORY CAPITAL AND SURPLUS;

•

LOSSES IN THE COMPANY’S INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO OR VENTURE CAPITAL PORTFOLIO;

•

MATERIAL VARIANCE BETWEEN ACTUAL AND EXPECTED CLAIMS EXPERIENCE;

•

DEFALCATIONS, INCREASED CLAIMS OR OTHER COSTS AND EXPENSES ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY’S USE OF TITLE AGENTS;

•

ANY INADEQUACY IN THE COMPANY’S RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK;

•

SYSTEMS DAMAGE, FAILURES, INTERRUPTIONS, CYBERATTACKS AND INTRUSIONS, OR UNAUTHORIZED DATA DISCLOSURES;

•

INNOVATION EFFORTS OF THE COMPANY AND OTHER INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS AND ANY RELATED MARKET DISRUPTION;

•

ERRORS AND FRAUD INVOLVING THE TRANSFER OF FUNDS;

•

THE COMPANY’S USE OF A GLOBAL WORKFORCE;

•

INABILITY OF THE COMPANY’S SUBSIDIARIES TO PAY DIVIDENDS OR REPAY FUNDS; AND

•

OTHER FACTORS DESCRIBED IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q, INCLUDING UNDER THE CAPTION “RISK FACTORS” IN ITEM 1A OF PART II.

THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE THEY ARE MADE. THE COMPANY DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO UPDATE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE DATE THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE MADE.

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except par values)

(unaudited)

	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,953,987		$	1,275,466
Accounts and accrued income receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $13,355 and $13,994		440,872			385,086
Income taxes receivable		1,636			951
Investments:
Deposits with banks		51,119			45,856
Debt securities, includes pledged securities of $95,955 and $93,586 (amortized cost $9,000,753 and $6,121,004; allowance for credit losses of $101 and $132)		9,095,806			6,354,822
Equity securities		1,209,679			750,011
		10,356,604			7,150,689
Secured financings receivable		651,048			748,312
Property and equipment, net		474,956			445,132
Operating lease assets		241,260			265,963
Title plants and other indexes		585,978			584,785
Deferred income taxes		14,484			14,484
Goodwill		1,416,278			1,378,628
Other intangible assets, net		188,588			194,474
Other assets		360,373			352,018
	$	16,686,064		$	12,795,988
Liabilities and Equity
Deposits	$	5,434,455		$	3,276,949
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		1,252,009			979,733
Deferred revenue		244,164			271,977
Reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims		1,261,515			1,178,004
Income taxes payable		80,517			53,784
Deferred income taxes		291,220			291,220
Operating lease liabilities		266,729			295,762
Secured financings payable		593,607			516,155
Notes and contracts payable		1,648,863			1,010,756
		11,073,079			7,874,340
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; Authorized—500 shares; Outstanding—none		—			—
Common stock, $0.00001 par value; Authorized—300,000 shares; Outstanding—109,822 shares and 110,353 shares		1			1
Additional paid-in capital		2,186,372			2,214,935
Retained earnings		3,476,903			2,655,495
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(66,141	)		39,541
Total stockholders’ equity		5,597,135			4,909,972
Noncontrolling interests		15,850			11,676
Total equity		5,612,985			4,921,648
	$	16,686,064		$	12,795,988

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues
Direct premiums and escrow fees	$	921,336	$	807,947	$	2,624,462	$	2,080,568
Agent premiums		998,534		722,434		2,748,723		1,920,011
Information and other		310,145		285,882		890,476		728,563
Net investment income		50,670		52,466		155,797		156,760
Net realized investment gains		275,243		44,992		428,590		49,491
		2,555,928		1,913,721		6,848,048		4,935,393
Expenses
Personnel costs		584,649		511,298		1,708,097		1,392,445
Premiums retained by agents		794,165		572,780		2,183,890		1,520,559
Other operating expenses		333,195		281,079		959,317		788,407
Provision for policy losses and other claims		155,300		157,836		445,677		414,001
Depreciation and amortization		39,238		38,227		118,475		110,652
Impairment losses on exit of business		—		73,264		—		73,264
Premium taxes		26,981		19,885		72,034		53,554
Interest		19,226		15,981		51,946		41,521
		1,952,754		1,670,350		5,539,436		4,394,403
Income before income taxes		603,174		243,371		1,308,612		540,990
Income taxes		152,709		59,780		320,281		121,859
Net income		450,465		183,591		988,331		419,131
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		5,215		1,312		7,166		2,993
Net income attributable to the Company	$	445,250	$	182,279	$	981,165	$	416,138
Net income per share attributable to the Company's stockholders (Note 12):
Basic	$	4.01	$	1.62	$	8.84	$	3.69
Diluted	$	4.00	$	1.62	$	8.81	$	3.68
Cash dividends declared per share	$	0.51	$	0.44	$	1.43	$	1.32
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (Note 12):
Basic		110,956		112,584		111,000		112,913
Diluted		111,368		112,843		111,344		113,176

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net income	$	450,465		$	183,591		$	988,331		$	419,131
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized (losses) gains on debt securities		(42,715	)		1,991			(104,578	)		73,077
Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities for which credit-related portion was recognized in earnings		1			(7	)		(276	)		140
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(12,619	)		10,074			(3,835	)		(9,109	)
Pension benefit adjustment		1,002			399			3,006			1,197
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax		(54,331	)		12,457			(105,683	)		65,305
Comprehensive income		396,134			196,048			882,648			484,436
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		5,215			1,312			7,165			2,993
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company	$	390,919		$	194,736		$	875,483		$	481,443

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	First American Financial Corporation Stockholders
	Shares			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Total stockholders’ equity			Noncontrolling interests			Total
Balance at December 31, 2020		110,353		$	1	$	2,214,935		$	2,655,495		$	39,541		$	4,909,972		$	11,676		$	4,921,648
Net income for three months ended March 31, 2021		—			—		—			233,616			—			233,616			842			234,458
Dividends on common shares		—			—		—			(50,985	)		—			(50,985	)		—			(50,985	)
Purchase of Company shares		(1,226	)		—		(64,786	)		—			—			(64,786	)		—			(64,786	)
Shares issued in connection with share-based compensation		614			—		(7,493	)		(885	)		—			(8,378	)		—			(8,378	)
Share-based compensation		—			—		31,203			—			—			31,203			—			31,203
Net activity related to noncontrolling interests		—			—		—			—			—			—			(2,115	)		(2,115	)
Other comprehensive loss		—			—		—			—			(95,369	)		(95,369	)		(1	)		(95,370	)
Balance at March 31, 2021		109,741			1		2,173,859			2,837,241			(55,828	)		4,955,273			10,402			4,965,675
Net income for three months ended June 30, 2021		—			—		—			302,299			—			302,299			1,109			303,408
Dividends on common shares		—			—		—			(50,058	)		—			(50,058	)		—			(50,058	)
Shares issued in connection with share-based compensation		178			—		4,966			(855	)		—			4,111			—			4,111
Share-based compensation		—			—		8,165			—			—			8,165			—			8,165
Net activity related to noncontrolling interests		—			—		(64	)		—			—			(64	)		(403	)		(467	)
Other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			44,018			44,018			—			44,018
Balance at June 30, 2021		109,919			1		2,186,926			3,088,627			(11,810	)		5,263,744			11,108			5,274,852
Net income for three months ended September 30, 2021		—			—		—			445,250			—			445,250			5,215			450,465
Dividends on common shares		—			—		—			(56,023	)		—			(56,023	)		—			(56,023	)
Purchase of Company shares		(208	)		—		(14,060	)		—			—			(14,060	)		—			(14,060	)
Shares issued in connection with share-based compensation		111			—		6,241			(951	)		—			5,290			—			5,290
Share-based compensation		—			—		7,265			—			—			7,265			—			7,265
Net activity related to noncontrolling interests		—			—		—			—			—			—			(473	)		(473	)
Other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			(54,331	)		(54,331	)		—			(54,331	)
Balance at September 30, 2021		109,822		$	1	$	2,186,372		$	3,476,903		$	(66,141	)	$	5,597,135		$	15,850		$	5,612,985

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – (Continued)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	First American Financial Corporation Stockholders
	Shares			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Total stockholders’ equity			Noncontrolling interests			Total
Balance at December 31, 2019		112,476		$	1	$	2,300,926		$	2,161,049		$	(41,492	)	$	4,420,484		$	4,518		$	4,425,002
Net income for three months ended March 31, 2020		—			—		—			63,204			—			63,204			642			63,846
Dividends on common shares		—			—		—			(49,702	)		—			(49,702	)		—			(49,702	)
Purchase of Company shares		(1,703	)		—		(65,785	)		—			—			(65,785	)		—			(65,785	)
Shares issued in connection with share-based compensation		644			—		(13,547	)		(831	)		—			(14,378	)		—			(14,378	)
Share-based compensation		—			—		25,903			—			—			25,903			—			25,903
Net activity related to noncontrolling interests		—			—		72			—			—			72			4,417			4,489
Other comprehensive loss		—			—		—			—			(20,453	)		(20,453	)		—			(20,453	)
Balance at March 31, 2020		111,417			1		2,247,569			2,173,720			(61,945	)		4,359,345			9,577			4,368,922
Net income for three months ended June 30, 2020		—			—		—			170,655			—			170,655			1,039			171,694
Dividends on common shares		—			—		—			(48,996	)		—			(48,996	)		—			(48,996	)
Purchase of Company shares		(71	)		—		(3,079	)		—			—			(3,079	)		—			(3,079	)
Shares issued in connection with share-based compensation		173			—		5,308			(827	)		—			4,481			—			4,481
Share-based compensation		—			—		9,693			—			—			9,693			—			9,693
Net activity related to noncontrolling interests		—			—		—			—			—			—			(405	)		(405	)
Other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			73,301			73,301			—			73,301
Balance at June 30, 2020		111,519			1		2,259,491			2,294,552			11,356			4,565,400			10,211			4,575,611
Net income for three months ended September 30, 2020		—			—		—			182,279			—			182,279			1,312			183,591
Dividends on common shares		—			—		—			(49,070	)		—			(49,070	)		—			(49,070	)
Shares issued in connection with share-based compensation		126			—		5,112			(812	)		—			4,300			—			4,300
Share-based compensation		—			—		8,404			—			—			8,404			—			8,404
Net activity related to noncontrolling interests		—			—		—			—			—			—			(358	)		(358	)
Other comprehensive income		—			—		—			—			12,457			12,457			—			12,457
Balance at September 30, 2020		111,645		$	1	$	2,273,007		$	2,426,949		$	23,813		$	4,723,770		$	11,165		$	4,734,935

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	988,331		$	419,131
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for policy losses and other claims		445,677			414,001
Depreciation and amortization		118,475			110,652
Impairment losses on exit of business		—			73,264
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on debt securities, net		32,890			28,678
Net realized investment gains		(428,590	)		(49,491	)
Share-based compensation		46,633			44,000
Equity in earnings of equity method investments, net		(6,066	)		(3,556	)
Dividends from equity method investments		8,980			4,383
Changes in assets and liabilities excluding effects of acquisitions and noncash transactions:
Claims paid, including assets acquired, net of recoveries		(356,445	)		(342,721	)
Net change in income tax accounts		58,841			(47	)
Increase in accounts and accrued income receivable		(53,661	)		(72,670	)
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities		70,388			32,030
(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue		(28,131	)		21,668
Other, net		(21,340	)		1,723
Cash provided by operating activities		875,982			681,045
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net cash effect of acquisitions/dispositions		(60,966	)		(387,024	)
Net (increase) decrease in deposits with banks		(7,724	)		1,859
Purchases of debt securities		(4,973,589	)		(1,962,074	)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities		869,057			694,588
Proceeds from maturities of debt securities		1,403,680			1,157,725
Purchases of equity securities		(135,600	)		(169,694	)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities		78,658			92,318
Net change in notes receivable		(12,698	)		(11,116	)
Advances under secured financing agreements		(19,292,193	)		(11,619,818	)
Collections of secured financings receivable		19,389,457			11,185,121
Capital expenditures		(111,080	)		(91,601	)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment		13,137			13,951
Proceeds from insurance settlement		11,815			123
Cash used for investing activities		(2,828,046	)		(1,095,642	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits		2,157,506			162,209
Borrowings under secured financing agreements		17,938,875			10,964,792
Repayments of secured financings payable		(17,861,423	)		(10,716,660	)
Net proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes		641,849			443,936
Borrowings under unsecured credit facility		—			120,000
Repayments of borrowings under unsecured credit facility		—			(280,000	)
Repayments of notes and contracts payable		(5,454	)		(4,228	)
Net activity related to noncontrolling interests		(3,034	)		(2,090	)
Net proceeds (payments) in connection with share-based compensation		1,023			(5,597	)
Repurchases of Company shares		(78,846	)		(68,864	)
Payments of cash dividends		(157,066	)		(147,768	)
Cash provided by financing activities		2,633,430			465,730
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(2,845	)		(3,122	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		678,521			48,011
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period		1,275,466			1,485,959
Reclassification to assets previously held for sale		—			(21,601	)
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	$	1,953,987		$	1,512,369
Supplemental information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	42,481		$	30,034
Premium taxes	$	70,154		$	59,523
Income taxes, less refunds of $126 and $3,168	$	261,372		$	122,086

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

Note 1 – Basis of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial information included in this report has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. The principles for condensed interim financial information do not require the inclusion of all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the First American Financial Corporation (the “Company”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated results for the interim periods. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Reclassifications

To conform to its current presentation, certain previously reported balance sheet amounts, as of December 31, 2020, have been reclassified. The Company reclassified $222.1 million related to non-marketable equity securities and $63.8 million related to equity method investments from other investments to equity securities and $64.1 million related to certain other assets from other investments to other assets.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to simplify and improve the accounting for income taxes. The updated guidance eliminates certain exceptions and clarifies and amends certain areas of the guidance. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this guidance on a prospective basis, effective January 1, 2021, did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – Exit of Property and Casualty Insurance Business

In January 2021, the Company entered into book transfer agreements with two third-party insurers and will seek to non-renew policies that are not transferred. The Company’s policies in force had declined by approximately 49% as of September 30, 2021 and the Company expects an approximate 70% reduction to policies in force by the end of 2021 and decreasing revenues over time. The Company expects the transfers to be completed by the end of the third quarter of 2022.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

The property and casualty insurance business recorded revenues of $24.3 million and $103.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $35.3 million and $101.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Losses before income taxes, which were partially offset by a gain of $12.2 million from the sale of the agency operations in the second quarter of 2021, were $10.5 million and $11.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Losses before income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $75.7 million and $91.5 million, respectively.

Note 3 – Escrow Deposits, Like-kind Exchange Deposits and Trust Assets

The Company administers escrow deposits and trust assets as a service to its customers. Escrow deposits totaled $11.7 billion and $7.1 billion at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, of which $5.2 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively, were held at First American Trust, FSB. The escrow deposits held at First American Trust, FSB are temporarily invested in cash and cash equivalents and debt securities, with offsetting liabilities included in deposits in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The remaining escrow deposits were held at third-party financial institutions.

Trust assets held or managed by First American Trust, FSB totaled $4.6 billion and $4.4 billion at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Escrow deposits held at third-party financial institutions and trust assets are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable for the disposition of these assets.

In conducting its operations, the Company often holds customers’ assets in escrow, pending completion of real estate transactions and, as a result, the Company has ongoing programs for realizing economic benefits with various financial institutions. The results from these programs are included as income or a reduction in expense, as appropriate, in the consolidated statements of income based on the nature of the arrangement and benefit received.

The Company facilitates tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and tax-deferred reverse exchanges pursuant to Revenue Procedure 2000-37. As a facilitator and intermediary, the Company holds the proceeds from sales transactions and takes temporary title to property identified by the customer to be acquired with such proceeds. Upon the completion of each such exchange, the identified property is transferred to the customer or, if the exchange does not take place, an amount equal to the sales proceeds or, in the case of a reverse exchange, title to the property held by the Company is transferred to the customer. Like-kind exchange funds held by the Company totaled $5.1 billion and $2.9 billion at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The like-kind exchange deposits are held at third-party financial institutions and, due to the structure utilized to facilitate these transactions, the proceeds and property are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable to the customer for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and the returns on such proceeds.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 4 – Debt Securities

Investments in debt securities, classified as available-for-sale, are as follows:

(in thousands)	Amortized cost		Allowance for credit losses			Gross unrealized					Estimated fair value
(in thousands)	Amortized cost		Allowance for credit losses			Gains		Losses			Estimated fair value
September 30, 2021
U.S. Treasury bonds	$	172,255	$	—		$	695	$	(1,207	)	$	171,743
Municipal bonds		1,564,102		—			60,705		(11,006	)		1,613,801
Foreign government bonds		232,495		—			2,209		(3,329	)		231,375
Governmental agency bonds		208,094		—			3,975		(562	)		211,507
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities		5,360,175		—			44,912		(31,929	)		5,373,158
U.S. corporate debt securities		1,002,449		(101	)		23,760		(3,719	)		1,022,389
Foreign corporate debt securities		461,183		—			12,137		(1,487	)		471,833
	$	9,000,753	$	(101	)	$	148,393	$	(53,239	)	$	9,095,806
December 31, 2020
U.S. Treasury bonds	$	80,172	$	—		$	778	$	(104	)	$	80,846
Municipal bonds		1,168,425		—			80,953		(570	)		1,248,808
Foreign government bonds		194,042		—			6,004		(516	)		199,530
Governmental agency bonds		254,248		—			9,869		(195	)		263,922
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities		3,401,737		—			74,549		(1,668	)		3,474,618
U.S. corporate debt securities		637,808		(119	)		43,505		(497	)		680,697
Foreign corporate debt securities		384,572		(13	)		22,078		(236	)		406,401
	$	6,121,004	$	(132	)	$	237,736	$	(3,786	)	$	6,354,822

Sales of debt securities resulted in realized gains of $7.1 million and $25.3 million, realized losses of $0.2 million and $7.4 million, and proceeds of $189.1 million and $869.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Sales of debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 resulted in realized gains of $7.1 million and $16.4 million, realized losses of $0.4 million and $3.4 million, and proceeds of $200.1 million and $694.6 million, respectively.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Investments in debt securities in an unrealized loss position, based on length of time, are as follows:

	Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total
(in thousands)	Estimated fair value		Unrealized losses			Estimated fair value		Unrealized losses			Estimated fair value		Unrealized losses
September 30, 2021
U.S. Treasury bonds	$	52,927	$	(916	)	$	6,518	$	(291	)	$	59,445	$	(1,207	)
Municipal bonds		570,038		(10,724	)		6,711		(282	)		576,749		(11,006	)
Foreign government bonds		125,918		(1,094	)		29,032		(2,235	)		154,950		(3,329	)
Governmental agency bonds		72,325		(469	)		3,222		(93	)		75,547		(562	)
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities		3,070,056		(31,928	)		103		(1	)		3,070,159		(31,929	)
U.S. corporate debt securities		425,854		(3,388	)		6,848		(331	)		432,702		(3,719	)
Foreign corporate debt securities		161,416		(1,473	)		1,234		(14	)		162,650		(1,487	)
	$	4,478,534	$	(49,992	)	$	53,668	$	(3,247	)	$	4,532,202	$	(53,239	)
December 31, 2020
U.S. Treasury bonds	$	7,744	$	(104	)	$	—	$	—		$	7,744	$	(104	)
Municipal bonds		74,045		(570	)		—		—			74,045		(570	)
Foreign government bonds		67,094		(516	)		—		—			67,094		(516	)
Governmental agency bonds		15,353		(195	)		—		—			15,353		(195	)
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities		287,947		(1,089	)		100,473		(579	)		388,420		(1,668	)
U.S. corporate debt securities		42,508		(484	)		1,357		(13	)		43,865		(497	)
Foreign corporate debt securities		19,042		(232	)		276		(4	)		19,318		(236	)
	$	513,733	$	(3,190	)	$	102,106	$	(596	)	$	615,839	$	(3,786	)

Based on the Company’s review of its debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, it determined that the losses were due to non-credit factors. As such, the Company does not consider these securities to be credit impaired at September 30, 2021.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	(105	)	$	(1,380	)	$	(132	)	$	—
Credit losses recognized during the period		—			—			—			(7,493	)
Net (increases) decreases to credit losses previously recognized		(4	)		278			—			3,738
Reductions for securities sold/matured		8			271			31			2,924
Reclassification to assets previously held for sale		—			10			—			10
Balance at end of period	$	(101	)	$	(821	)	$	(101	)	$	(821	)

Investments in debt securities at September 30, 2021, by contractual maturities, are as follows:

(in thousands)	Due in one year or less		Due after one through five years		Due after five through ten years		Due after ten years		Total
U.S. Treasury bonds
Amortized cost	$	46,695	$	78,036	$	25,518	$	22,006	$	172,255
Estimated fair value	$	46,776	$	77,850	$	25,673	$	21,444	$	171,743
Municipal bonds
Amortized cost		26,737		97,493		751,040		688,832		1,564,102
Estimated fair value		26,884		102,020		771,806		713,091		1,613,801
Foreign government bonds
Amortized cost		52,799		93,254		76,214		10,228		232,495
Estimated fair value		52,826		94,105		74,215		10,229		231,375
Governmental agency bonds
Amortized cost		19,375		80,313		37,500		70,906		208,094
Estimated fair value		19,596		81,677		37,644		72,590		211,507
U.S. corporate debt securities
Amortized cost		36,886		479,958		414,830		70,775		1,002,449
Estimated fair value		37,292		492,943		417,154		75,000		1,022,389
Foreign corporate debt securities
Amortized cost		20,621		266,364		134,173		40,025		461,183
Estimated fair value		20,876		272,278		136,133		42,546		471,833
Total debt securities excluding mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	203,113	$	1,095,418	$	1,439,275	$	902,772	$	3,640,578
Estimated fair value	$	204,250	$	1,120,873	$	1,462,625	$	934,900	$	3,722,648
Total mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost										5,360,175
Estimated fair value										5,373,158
Total debt securities
Amortized cost									$	9,000,753
Estimated fair value									$	9,095,806

Mortgage-backed securities, which include contractual terms to maturity, are not categorized by contractual maturity as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with, or without, call or prepayment penalties.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

The composition of the debt securities portfolio at September 30, 2021, by credit rating, is as follows:

	A- or higher				BBB+ to BBB-				Non-Investment Grade				Total
(in thousands, except percentages)	Estimated fair value		Percentage		Estimated fair value		Percentage		Estimated fair value		Percentage		Estimated fair value
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury bonds	$	171,743		100.0	$	—		—	$	—		—	$	171,743
Municipal bonds		1,577,214		97.7		36,587		2.3		—		—		1,613,801
Foreign government bonds		218,100		94.2		10,088		4.4		3,187		1.4		231,375
Governmental agency bonds		211,507		100.0		—		—		—		—		211,507
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities		5,373,158		100.0		—		—		—		—		5,373,158
U.S. corporate debt securities		435,436		42.6		403,668		39.5		183,285		17.9		1,022,389
Foreign corporate debt securities		200,539		42.5		222,298		47.1		48,996		10.4		471,833
	$	8,187,697		90.0	$	672,641		7.4	$	235,468		2.6	$	9,095,806

Included in debt securities at September 30, 2021, were bank loans totaling $141.4 million, of which $135.7 million were non-investment grade; high yield corporate debt securities totaling $85.5 million, all of which were non-investment grade; and emerging market debt securities totaling $91.0 million, of which $14.3 million were non-investment grade.

The composition of the debt securities portfolio in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021, by credit rating, is as follows:

	A- or higher				BBB+ to BBB-				Non-Investment Grade				Total
(in thousands, except percentages)	Estimated fair value		Percentage		Estimated fair value		Percentage		Estimated fair value		Percentage		Estimated fair value
U.S. Treasury bonds	$	59,445		100.0	$	—		—	$	—		—	$	59,445
Municipal bonds		563,613		97.7		13,136		2.3		—		—		576,749
Foreign government bonds		153,987		99.4		—		—		963		0.6		154,950
Governmental agency bonds		75,547		100.0		—		—		—		—		75,547
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities		3,070,159		100.0		—		—		—		—		3,070,159
U.S. corporate debt securities		233,772		54.0		127,998		29.6		70,932		16.4		432,702
Foreign corporate debt securities		94,410		58.0		47,163		29.0		21,077		13.0		162,650
	$	4,250,933		93.7	$	188,297		4.2	$	92,972		2.1	$	4,532,202

Debt securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021, included bank loans totaling $57.3 million, of which $55.5 million were non-investment grade; high yield corporate debt securities totaling $31.8 million, all of which were non-investment grade; and emerging market debt securities totaling $25.8 million, of which $5.7 million were non-investment grade.

The credit ratings in the above tables reflect published ratings obtained from globally recognized securities rating agencies. If a security was rated differently among the rating agencies, the lowest rating was selected. Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities are not rated by any of the ratings agencies; however, these securities have been included in the above table in the “A- or higher” rating category because the payments of principal and interest are guaranteed by the governmental agency that issued the security.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 5 – Equity Securities

Investments in equity securities, by classification, are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Marketable equity securities	$	760,758	$	464,126
Non-marketable equity securities		379,548		217,104
Equity method investments		69,373		68,781
	$	1,209,679	$	750,011

See Note 1 Basis of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the balance sheet reclassifications of non-marketable equity securities and equity method investments to equity securities.

Investments in marketable equity securities are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)	Cost		Estimated fair value
September 30, 2021
Preferred stocks	$	16,810	$	16,944
Common stocks (1)		443,137		743,814
	$	459,947	$	760,758
December 31, 2020
Preferred stocks	$	22,163	$	19,479
Common stocks		354,157		444,647
	$	376,320	$	464,126

(1)

Includes Offerpad Solutions Inc. with a cost of $85.0 million and estimated fair value of $280.3 million. See below for further discussion about the Company’s investment in Offerpad Solutions Inc.

Net losses (realized and unrealized) of $16.1 million and net gains (realized and unrealized) of $27.2 million were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, as a result of changes in the fair values of marketable equity securities. Included in net gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were net unrealized losses of $16.7 million and net unrealized gains $25.5 million, respectively, related to marketable equity securities still held at September 30, 2021. Net gains (realized and unrealized) of $26.0 million and $2.6 million were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, as a result of changes in the fair values of marketable equity securities. Included in net gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were net unrealized gains of $26.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to marketable equity securities still held at September 30, 2020. Net gains (realized and unrealized) are recognized in net realized investment gains/losses on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Investments in non-marketable equity securities are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)	Cost			Unrealized gains	Carrying amount
September 30, 2021	$	198,155	$	181,393	$	379,548
December 31, 2020	$	200,858	$	16,246	$	217,104

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

A substantial majority of the Company’s investments in non-marketable equity securities are in private venture-stage companies that operate in the real estate industry and related industries, many of which offer technology-enabled products and services.

On September 1, 2021, Offerpad, Inc., a leading tech-enabled real estate solutions platform in which the Company maintains an ownership interest, and Supernova Partners Acquisition Company, Inc., a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company, completed their previously announced merger and combined to form Offerpad Solutions Inc. (“Offerpad”), a publicly traded company. The fair value of the Company’s investment in Offerpad as of September 30, 2021 was $280.3 million, which resulted in the Company recognizing an unrealized gain of $195.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Effective September 1, 2021, the Company’s investment in Offerpad is classified within its marketable equity securities portfolio.

Included in investments in private venture-stage companies at September 30, 2021 are the Company’s investments in Orchard Technologies, Inc. with a cost and carrying amount of $41.0 million and $106.3 million, respectively, and Side, Inc. with a cost and carrying amount of $10.1 million and $73.8 million, respectively.

Unrealized gains of $79.4 million and $165.1 million were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, related to investments in private venture-stage companies for which transactions resulted in observable price changes. All such gains recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to securities still held at September 30, 2021. Unrealized gains recognized on investments in private venture-stage companies for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $9.3 million. Net gains (realized and unrealized) are recognized in net realized investment gains/losses on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses – Accounts Receivable

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	(12,439	)	$	(12,172	)	$	(13,994	)	$	(12,676	)
Provision for expected credit losses		(1,816	)		(1,526	)		(2,582	)		(4,547	)
Reclassification to assets previously held for sale		—			365			—			365
Write-offs/recoveries		900			733			3,221			4,258
Balance at end of period	$	(13,355	)	$	(12,600	)	$	(13,355	)	$	(12,600	)

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 7 – Goodwill

A summary of the changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, is as follows:

(in thousands)	Title Insurance and Services			Specialty Insurance			Total
Balance at December 31, 2020
Goodwill	$	1,366,041		$	46,765		$	1,412,806
Accumulated impairment losses		—			(34,178	)		(34,178	)
	$	1,366,041		$	12,587		$	1,378,628
Acquisitions		38,276			—			38,276
Foreign currency translation		(626	)		—			(626	)
Balance at September 30, 2021
Goodwill	$	1,403,691		$	46,765		$	1,450,456
Accumulated impairment losses		—			(34,178	)		(34,178	)
	$	1,403,691		$	12,587		$	1,416,278

Note 8 – Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	182,800		$	172,851
Noncompete agreements		32,860			38,310
Trademarks		26,334			24,370
Internal-use software licenses		24,363			21,605
Patents		2,840			2,840
		269,197			259,976
Accumulated amortization		(97,487	)		(82,380	)
		171,710			177,596
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Licenses		16,878			16,878
	$	188,588		$	194,474

Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $12.8 million and $36.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $11.6 million and $31.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Estimated amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:

Year	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2021	$	12,275
2022	$	40,535
2023	$	34,877
2024	$	27,452
2025	$	21,071
2026	$	20,335

Note 9 – Reserve for Known and Incurred But Not Reported Claims

Activity in the reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims is summarized as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,178,004		$	1,063,044
Provision related to:
Current year		428,501			379,987
Prior years		17,176			34,014
		445,677			414,001
Payments, net of recoveries, related to:
Current year		204,525			179,654
Prior years		151,920			163,067
		356,445			342,721
Other		(5,721	)		(3,882	)
Reclassification to liabilities previously held for sale		—			(60,583	)
Balance at end of period	$	1,261,515		$	1,069,859

The provision for title insurance losses, expressed as a percentage of title insurance premiums and escrow fees, was 4.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 5.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The current year rate of 4.0% reflects the ultimate loss rate for the current policy year and no change in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years. The 5.0% rate for 2020 reflected an ultimate loss rate of 4.5% for the 2020 policy year and a net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years of 0.5%, or $7.0 million and $18.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

A summary of the Company’s loss reserves is as follows:

(in thousands, except percentages)	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
Known title claims	$	67,487	5.4	%	$	64,601	5.5	%
Incurred but not reported claims		1,108,208	87.8	%		1,025,761	87.1	%
Total title claims		1,175,695	93.2	%		1,090,362	92.6	%
Non-title claims		85,820	6.8	%		87,642	7.4	%
Total loss reserves	$	1,261,515	100.0	%	$	1,178,004	100.0	%

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 10 – Notes and Contracts Payable

In August 2021, the Company issued $650.0 million of 2.40% senior unsecured notes due in 2031. Interest is due semi-annually on February 15 and August 15, beginning February 15, 2022.

Note 11 – Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rates (income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes) were 25.3% and 24.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and 24.6% and 22.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The effective tax rates differ from the federal statutory rate as a result of state and foreign income taxes for which the Company is liable, as well as permanent differences between amounts reported for financial statement purposes and amounts reported for income tax purposes, including the recognition of excess tax benefits or tax deficiencies associated with share-based payment transactions through income tax expense. In addition, the effective tax rates for 2021 and 2020 reflect benefits related to foreign tax law changes.

The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing the valuation allowance and makes adjustments to the allowance as necessary. The factors used by the Company to assess the likelihood of realization include its forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize its deferred tax assets. The Company’s ability or inability to achieve forecasted taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of its deferred tax assets. Based on future operating results in certain jurisdictions, it is possible that the current valuation allowance positions of those jurisdictions could be adjusted during the next 12 months.

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the liability for income taxes associated with uncertain tax positions was $7.7 million and $7.2 million, respectively. The liability as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, could be reduced by $2.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively, due to offsetting tax benefits associated with the correlative effects of potential adjustments, including timing adjustments, and state income taxes. The net liability, if recognized, would favorably affect the Company’s effective income tax rate.

The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties, net of tax benefits, related to uncertain tax positions were not material as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized benefit with respect to certain of the Company’s unrecognized tax positions may increase or decrease within the next 12 months. Any such change may be the result of ongoing audits or the expiration of federal and state statutes of limitations for the assessment of taxes.

The Company, or one of its subsidiaries, files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. The primary non-federal jurisdictions are California, Canada, India and the United Kingdom. As of September 30, 2021, the Company is generally no longer subject to income tax examinations for U.S. federal, state and non-U.S. jurisdictions for years prior to 2017, 2016, and 2014, respectively.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 12 – Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Numerator
Net income attributable to the Company	$	445,250	$	182,279	$	981,165	$	416,138
Denominator
Basic weighted-average shares		110,956		112,584		111,000		112,913
Effect of dilutive restricted stock units (“RSUs”)		412		259		344		263
Diluted weighted-average shares		111,368		112,843		111,344		113,176
Net income per share attributable to the Company’s stockholders
Basic	$	4.01	$	1.62	$	8.84	$	3.69
Diluted	$	4.00	$	1.62	$	8.81	$	3.68

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 an immaterial amount of RSUs were excluded from diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, 172 thousand and 284 thousand RSUs, respectively, were excluded from the weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect.

Note 13 – Employee Benefit Plans

Net periodic cost related to the Company’s unfunded supplemental benefit plans includes the following components:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Expense:
Service costs	$	43		$	44		$	129		$	134
Interest costs		1,239			1,781			3,717			5,343
Amortization of net actuarial loss		1,690			1,321			5,070			3,961
Amortization of prior service credit		(326	)		(777	)		(978	)		(2,331	)
	$	2,646		$	2,369		$	7,938		$	7,107

The Company contributed $10.8 million to its unfunded supplemental benefit plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and expects to contribute an additional $4.6 million during the remainder of 2021.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements

Certain of the Company’s assets are carried at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities carried at fair value using a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements that distinguishes between market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy level assigned to the assets and liabilities is based on management’s assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used to estimate the fair values at the measurement date. The three hierarchy levels are defined as follows:

Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs (other than Level 1 prices), such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities at the measurement date; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement and involve management judgment.

If the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the hierarchy level assigned is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following tables present the fair values of the Company’s assets measured on a recurring basis:

(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2021
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury bonds	$	171,743	$	—	$	171,743	$	—
Municipal bonds		1,613,801		—		1,613,801		—
Foreign government bonds		231,375		—		231,375		—
Governmental agency bonds		211,507		—		211,507		—
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities		5,373,158		—		5,373,158		—
U.S. corporate debt securities		1,022,389		—		1,022,389		—
Foreign corporate debt securities		471,833		—		471,833		—
		9,095,806		—		9,095,806		—
Marketable equity securities:
Preferred stocks		16,944		16,944		—		—
Common stocks		743,814		743,814		—		—
		760,758		760,758		—		—
Total assets	$	9,856,564	$	760,758	$	9,095,806	$	—

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2020
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury bonds	$	80,846	$	—	$	80,846	$	—
Municipal bonds		1,248,808		—		1,248,808		—
Foreign government bonds		199,530		—		199,530		—
Governmental agency bonds		263,922		—		263,922		—
Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities		3,474,618		—		3,474,618		—
U.S. corporate debt securities		680,697		—		680,697		—
Foreign corporate debt securities		406,401		—		406,401		—
		6,354,822		—		6,354,822		—
Marketable equity securities:
Preferred stocks		19,479		19,479		—		—
Common stocks		444,647		444,647		—		—
		464,126		464,126		—		—
Total assets	$	6,818,948	$	464,126	$	6,354,822	$	—

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

The Company’s non-marketable equity securities, equity method investments, and certain non-financial assets, such as goodwill, other intangible assets, title plants and other indexes and property and equipment are recorded at fair value at the time an impairment or observable price adjustment occurs.

The Company recognized $165.1 million in unrealized gains during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 resulting from observable price adjustments on its non-marketable equity securities still held at September 30, 2021, which are classified as Level 2.

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value:

	Carrying		Estimated fair value
(in thousands)	Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2021
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,953,987	$	1,953,987	$	1,953,987	$	—	$	—
Deposits with banks	$	51,119	$	51,235	$	8,362	$	42,873	$	—
Notes receivable, net	$	38,204	$	38,686	$	—	$	—	$	38,686
Secured financings receivable	$	651,048	$	651,048	$	—	$	651,048	$	—
Liabilities:
Secured financings payable	$	593,607	$	593,607	$	—	$	593,607	$	—
Notes and contracts payable	$	1,648,863	$	1,732,520	$	—	$	1,728,170	$	4,350

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

	Carrying		Estimated fair value
(in thousands)	Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2020
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,275,466	$	1,275,466	$	1,275,466	$	—	$	—
Deposits with banks	$	45,856	$	45,947	$	6,092	$	39,855	$	—
Notes receivable, net	$	29,912	$	30,279	$	—	$	—	$	30,279
Secured financings receivable	$	748,312	$	748,312	$	—	$	748,312	$	—
Liabilities:
Secured financings payable	$	516,155	$	516,155	$	—	$	516,155	$	—
Notes and contracts payable	$	1,010,756	$	1,131,356	$	—	$	1,125,128	$	6,228

Note 15 – Share-Based Compensation

Costs associated with the Company’s share-based compensation plans are summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Expense:
RSUs	$	6,084	$	7,049	$	41,908	$	39,763
Employee stock purchase plan		1,181		1,355		4,725		4,237
	$	7,265	$	8,404	$	46,633	$	44,000

RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is summarized as follows:

(in thousands, except weighted-average grant-date fair value)	Shares		Weighted-average grant-date fair value
Unvested at December 31, 2020	905		$	57.24
Granted during 2021	866		$	56.41
Vested during 2021	(840	)	$	55.81
Forfeited during 2021	(24	)	$	56.75
Unvested at September 30, 2021	907		$	57.78

Note 16 – Stockholders’ Equity

In August 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase in size of the Company’s stock repurchase plan from $300.0 million to $600.0 million, of which $463.1 million remained as of September 30, 2021. Purchases may be made from time to time by the Company in the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased and retired 1.4 million shares of its common stock for a total purchase price of $78.8 million and, as of September 30, 2021, had repurchased and retired 2.6 million shares of its common stock under the current authorization for a total purchase price of $136.9 million.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 17 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”)

The following table presents a summary of the changes in each component of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

	First American Financial Corporation												NCI
(in thousands)	Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities			Foreign currency translation adjustment			Pension benefit adjustment			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Balance
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	171,752		$	(37,990	)	$	(94,221	)	$	39,541		$	1		$	39,542
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities		(138,430	)		—			—			(138,430	)		(1	)		(138,431	)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities for which credit-related portion was recognized in earnings		(365	)		—			—			(365	)		—			(365	)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment		—			(3,844	)		—			(3,844	)		—			(3,844	)
Amortization of net actuarial loss		—			—			5,070			5,070			—			5,070
Amortization of prior service credit		—			—			(978	)		(978	)		—			(978	)
Tax effect		33,942			9			(1,086	)		32,865			—			32,865
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	66,899		$	(41,825	)	$	(91,215	)	$	(66,141	)	$	—		$	(66,141	)

The following table presents the other comprehensive income (loss) reclassification adjustments for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

(in thousands)	Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities			Foreign currency translation adjustment			Pension benefit adjustment			Total other comprehensive income (loss)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Pretax change before reclassifications	$	(49,970	)	$	(12,948	)	$	—		$	(62,918	)
Reclassifications out of AOCI		(6,925	)		—			1,364			(5,561	)
Tax effect		14,181			329			(362	)		14,148
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$	(42,714	)	$	(12,619	)	$	1,002		$	(54,331	)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Pretax change before reclassifications	$	9,110		$	10,817		$	—		$	19,927
Reclassifications out of AOCI		(6,627	)		—			544			(6,083	)
Tax effect		(499	)		(743	)		(145	)		(1,387	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$	1,984		$	10,074		$	399		$	12,457

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

The following table presents the other comprehensive income (loss) reclassification adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

(in thousands)	Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities			Foreign currency translation adjustment			Pension benefit adjustment			Total other comprehensive income (loss)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Pretax change before reclassifications	$	(120,979	)	$	(3,844	)	$	—		$	(124,823	)
Reclassifications out of AOCI		(17,817	)		—			4,092			(13,725	)
Tax effect		33,942			9			(1,086	)		32,865
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$	(104,854	)	$	(3,835	)	$	3,006		$	(105,683	)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Pretax change before reclassifications	$	102,392		$	(9,498	)	$	—		$	92,894
Reclassifications out of AOCI		(5,175	)		—			1,630			(3,545	)
Tax effect		(24,000	)		389			(433	)		(24,044	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$	73,217		$	(9,109	)	$	1,197		$	65,305

The following table presents the effects of the reclassifications out of AOCI on the respective line items in the condensed consolidated statements of income:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Affected line items
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020			Affected line items
Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities:
Net realized gains on sales of debt securities	$	6,937		$	6,694		$	17,888		$	12,749		Net realized investment gains
Credit losses recognized on debt securities		(12	)		(67	)		(71	)		(7,574	)	Net realized investment gains
Pretax total	$	6,925		$	6,627		$	17,817		$	5,175
Tax effect	$	(1,726	)	$	(1,322	)	$	(4,357	)	$	(1,278	)
Pension benefit adjustment (1):
Amortization of net actuarial loss	$	(1,690	)	$	(1,321	)	$	(5,070	)	$	(3,961	)	Other operating expenses
Amortization of prior service credit		326			777			978			2,331		Other operating expenses
Pretax total	$	(1,364	)	$	(544	)	$	(4,092	)	$	(1,630	)
Tax effect	$	363		$	145		$	1,086		$	433

(1)	Amounts are components of net periodic cost. See Note 13 Employee Benefit Plans for additional details.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 18 – Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to a number of non-ordinary course lawsuits. These lawsuits frequently are similar in nature to other lawsuits pending against the Company’s competitors.

For those non-ordinary course lawsuits where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability representing the best estimate of the Company’s financial exposure based on known facts has been recorded. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded.

It is, however, often not possible to assess the probability of loss. Lawsuits that are putative class actions require a plaintiff to satisfy a number of procedural requirements before proceeding to trial. These requirements include, among others, demonstration to a court that the law proscribes in some manner the Company’s activities, the making of factual allegations sufficient to suggest that the Company’s activities exceeded the limits of the law and a determination by the court—known as class certification—that the law permits a group of individuals to pursue the case together as a class. In certain instances, the Company may also be able to compel the plaintiff to arbitrate its claim on an individual basis. If these procedural requirements are not met, either the lawsuit cannot proceed or, as is the case with class certification or compelled arbitration, the plaintiffs lose the financial incentive to proceed with the case (or the amount at issue effectively becomes de minimis). Frequently, a court’s determination as to these procedural requirements is subject to appeal to a higher court. As a result of, among other factors, ambiguities and inconsistencies in the laws applicable to the Company’s business and the uniqueness of the factual issues presented in any given lawsuit, the Company often cannot determine the probability of loss until a court has finally determined that a plaintiff has satisfied applicable procedural requirements.

Furthermore, for putative class actions, it is often impossible to estimate the possible loss or a range of loss amounts, even where the Company has determined that a loss is reasonably possible. Generally class actions involve a large number of people and the effort to determine which people satisfy the requirements to become plaintiffs—or class members—is often time consuming and burdensome. Moreover, these lawsuits raise complex factual issues which result in uncertainty as to their outcome and, ultimately, make it difficult for the Company to estimate the amount of damages which a plaintiff might successfully prove. In addition, many of the Company’s businesses are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies and are subject to numerous statutory guidelines. These regulations and statutory guidelines often are complex, inconsistent or ambiguous, which results in additional uncertainty as to the outcome of a given lawsuit—including the amount of damages a plaintiff might be afforded—or makes it difficult to analogize experience in one case or jurisdiction to another case or jurisdiction.

Most of the non-ordinary course lawsuits to which the Company and its subsidiaries are parties challenge practices in the Company’s title insurance business, though a limited number of cases also pertain to the Company’s other businesses. These lawsuits include, among others, cases alleging, among other assertions, that the Company or one of its subsidiaries improperly charged fees for products and services and improperly handled property and casualty claims in violation of certain laws, such as consumer protection laws and laws generally prohibiting unfair business practices, and certain obligations, including:

•

Tenefufu vs. First American Specialty Insurance Company, filed on June 1, 2017 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Sacramento, and

•

Wilmot vs. First American Financial Corporation, et al., filed on April 20, 2007 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles.

Tenefufu is a putative class actions for which a class has not been certified. A class has been certified in Wilmot. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.

The Company and/or its subsidiaries are also parties to consumer class actions and a securities class action in connection with the information security incident that occurred during the second quarter of 2019. All of these lawsuits are putative class actions for which a class has not been certified. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

While some of the lawsuits described above may be material to the Company’s financial results in any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, the Company does not believe that any of these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s overall financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In addition, the Company and its board of directors and certain executives are parties to a shareholder derivative action, Hollett vs. Gilmore, et al., filed on November 25, 2020 and pending in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The allegations arise out of the information security incident that occurred during the second quarter of 2019 and the resulting legal proceedings and disclosures made at the time of the incident. While the ultimate disposition is not yet determinable, the Company does not believe it will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company also is a party to non-ordinary course lawsuits other than those described above. With respect to these lawsuits, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company’s title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, banking, thrift, trust and wealth management businesses are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies. Many of the Company’s other businesses operate within statutory guidelines. Consequently, the Company may from time to time be subject to examination or investigation by such governmental agencies. Currently, governmental agencies are examining or investigating certain of the Company’s operations. These exams and investigations include an inquiry by the New York Attorney General and the Massachusetts Attorney General into competitive practices in the title insurance industry. With respect to matters where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company records a liability representing its best estimate of the financial exposure based on known facts. While the ultimate disposition of each such exam or investigation is not yet determinable, the Company does not believe that individually or in the aggregate they will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Some of these exams or investigations could, however, result in changes to the Company’s business practices which could ultimately have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Furthermore, these exams and investigations include an investigation initiated in connection with the information security incident that occurred during the second quarter of 2019 by the New York Department of Financial Services. The New York Department of Financial Services has alleged violations of its cyber security requirements for financial services companies and filed a statement of charges on July 22, 2020, as amended on March 10, 2021, and scheduled an administrative hearing in connection therewith. While the ultimate disposition of the New York Department of Financial Services matter is not yet determinable, the Company does not believe that it will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company’s Canadian operations provide certain services to lenders which it believes to be exempt from excise tax under applicable Canadian tax laws. However, in October 2014, the Canadian taxing authority provided internal guidance that the services in question should be subject to the excise tax. During July 2019, the Company received an assessment from the Canadian taxing authority. The amount of the assessment is $16.2 million, which is based on the exchange rate as of, and includes interest charges through September 30, 2021. As the Company does not believe that the services in question are subject to excise tax, it intends to avail itself of avenues of appeal, and it believes it is reasonably likely that the Company will prevail on the merits. Accordingly, the Company filed a notice of appeal with the Canadian taxing authority in March 2020. Based on the current facts and circumstances, the Company does not believe a loss is probable, therefore no liability has been recorded.

The Company and its subsidiaries also are involved in numerous ongoing routine legal and regulatory proceedings related to their operations. With respect to each of these proceedings, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

Note 19 – Segment Information

The Company consists of the following reportable segments:

•

The Company’s title insurance and services segment issues title insurance policies on residential and commercial property in the United States and offers similar or related products and services internationally. This segment also provides closing and/or escrow services; accommodates tax-deferred exchanges of real estate; provides products, services and solutions designed to mitigate risk or otherwise facilitate real estate transactions; maintains, manages and provides access to title plant data and records; provides appraisals and other valuation-related products and services; provides lien release, document custodial and default-related products and services; and provides warehouse lending services and banking, trust and wealth management services. The Company, through its principal title insurance subsidiary and such subsidiary’s affiliates, transacts its title insurance business through a network of direct operations and agents. Through this network, the Company issues policies in the 49 states that permit the issuance of title insurance policies, the District of Columbia and certain United States territories. The Company also offers title insurance, closing services and similar or related products and services, either directly or through third parties in other countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, South Korea and various other established and emerging markets.

•

The Company’s specialty insurance segment sells home warranty products and issues property and casualty insurance policies. The home warranty business provides residential service contracts that cover residential systems, such as heating and air conditioning systems, and certain appliances against failures that occur as the result of normal usage during the coverage period. This business currently operates in 35 states and the District of Columbia. The property and casualty insurance business provides insurance coverage to residential homeowners and renters for liability losses and typical hazards such as fire, theft, vandalism and other types of property damage. This business is licensed to issue policies in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. During 2020, the Company initiated a plan to exit its property and casualty insurance business. In January 2021, the Company entered into book transfer agreements with two third-party insurers and will seek to non-renew policies that are not transferred. The Company expects the transfers to be completed by the end of the third quarter of 2022.

•

Effective July 1, 2021, the Company expanded its corporate segment to include investing in, and management of, its developing portfolio of private venture-stage companies. The operating results for certain of the Company’s investments in private venture-stage companies were previously reported within the title insurance and services segment. This change serves to better align the Company’s segment reporting with a comparable change in internal management reporting during the current quarter. As a result of this change, the Company reclassified $85.8 million in net realized investment gains previously reported during the six months ended June 30, 2021 from the title insurance and services segment to the corporate segment. The Company did not reclassify prior year segment results as amounts were not material. The Company’s corporate segment also consists of certain financing facilities as well as corporate services that support the Company’s business operations.

Selected financial information about the Company’s operations, by segment, is as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2021:

(in thousands)	Revenues			Income (loss) before income taxes			Depreciation and amortization		Capital expenditures
Title Insurance and Services	$	2,146,779		$	352,366		$	37,792	$	44,570
Specialty Insurance		132,226			(1,887	)		1,410		965
Corporate		277,374			252,695			36		—
Eliminations		(451	)		—			—		—
	$	2,555,928		$	603,174		$	39,238	$	45,535

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

(in thousands)	Direct premiums and escrow fees		Agent premiums		Information and other		Net investment income		Net realized investment gains (losses)			Total Revenues
Title Insurance and Services	$	794,215	$	998,534	$	307,616	$	49,827	$	(3,413	)	$	2,146,779
Specialty Insurance		127,121		—		2,789		1,682		634			132,226
	$	921,336	$	998,534	$	310,405	$	51,509	$	(2,779	)	$	2,279,005

For the three months ended September 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Revenues			Income (loss) before income taxes			Depreciation and amortization		Capital expenditures
Title Insurance and Services	$	1,771,993		$	337,480		$	36,194	$	33,034
Specialty Insurance		136,332			(72,129	)		1,995		2,114
Corporate		6,055			(21,980	)		38		—
Eliminations		(659	)		—			—		—
	$	1,913,721		$	243,371		$	38,227	$	35,148

(in thousands)	Direct premiums and escrow fees		Agent premiums		Information and other		Net investment income		Net realized investment gains (losses)		Total Revenues
Title Insurance and Services	$	680,910	$	722,434	$	282,671	$	44,726	$	41,252	$	1,771,993
Specialty Insurance		127,037		—		3,450		2,105		3,740		136,332
	$	807,947	$	722,434	$	286,121	$	46,831	$	44,992	$	1,908,325

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

(in thousands)	Revenues			Income (loss) before income taxes		Depreciation and amortization		Capital expenditures
Title Insurance and Services	$	6,054,309		$	990,585	$	113,976	$	111,638
Specialty Insurance		420,335			24,106		4,392		2,484
Corporate		375,185			293,921		107		—
Eliminations		(1,781	)		—		—		—
	$	6,848,048		$	1,308,612	$	118,475	$	114,122

(in thousands)	Direct premiums and escrow fees		Agent premiums		Information and other		Net investment income		Net realized investment gains (losses)		Total Revenues
Title Insurance and Services	$	2,238,956	$	2,748,723	$	881,262	$	139,963	$	45,405	$	6,054,309
Specialty Insurance		385,506		—		9,994		5,432		19,403		420,335
	$	2,624,462	$	2,748,723	$	891,256	$	145,395	$	64,808	$	6,474,644

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Revenues			Income (loss) before income taxes			Depreciation and amortization		Capital expenditures
Title Insurance and Services	$	4,535,558		$	648,261		$	104,705	$	86,456
Specialty Insurance		391,818			(51,954	)		5,832		8,015
Corporate		9,260			(55,317	)		115		—
Eliminations		(1,243	)		—			—		—
	$	4,935,393		$	540,990		$	110,652	$	94,471

(in thousands)	Direct premiums and escrow fees		Agent premiums		Information and other		Net investment income		Net realized investment gains (losses)		Total Revenues
Title Insurance and Services	$	1,712,946	$	1,920,011	$	719,196	$	147,628	$	35,777	$	4,535,558
Specialty Insurance		367,622		—		9,992		7,005		7,199		391,818
	$	2,080,568	$	1,920,011	$	729,188	$	154,633	$	42,976	$	4,927,376

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q ARE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY CONTAIN THE WORDS “BELIEVE,” “ANTICIPATE,” “EXPECT,” “INTEND,” “PLAN,” “PREDICT,” “ESTIMATE,” “PROJECT,” “WILL BE,” “WILL CONTINUE,” “WILL LIKELY RESULT,” OR OTHER SIMILAR WORDS AND PHRASES.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES EXIST THAT MAY CAUSE RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE SET FORTH IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ANTICIPATED RESULTS TO DIFFER FROM THOSE DESCRIBED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS INCLUDE THE FACTORS SET FORTH ON PAGES 3-4 OF THIS QUARTERLY REPORT. THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE THEY ARE MADE. THE COMPANY DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO UPDATE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE DATE THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE MADE.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains the financial measure adjusted debt to capitalization ratio that is not presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), as it excludes the effect of secured financings payable. The Company is presenting this non-GAAP financial measure because it provides the Company’s management and readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with additional insight into the financial leverage of the Company. The Company does not intend for this non-GAAP financial measure to be a substitute for any GAAP financial information. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, this non-GAAP financial measure has been presented with, and reconciled to, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should use this non-GAAP financial measure only in conjunction with the comparable GAAP financial measure. Because not all companies use identical calculations, the presentation of adjusted debt to capitalization ratio may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies that it considers to be the most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions can be found in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Results of Operations

Summary of Third Quarter

A substantial portion of the revenues for the Company’s title insurance and services segment results from the sale and refinancing of residential and commercial real estate. In the Company’s specialty insurance segment, revenues associated with the initial year of coverage in the home warranty operations are impacted by volatility in residential purchase transactions. Traditionally, the greatest volume of real estate activity, particularly residential purchase activity, has occurred in the spring and summer months. However, changes in interest rates, as well as other changes in general economic conditions in the United States and abroad, can cause fluctuations in the traditional pattern of real estate activity.

The Company’s total revenues increased $642.2 million, or 33.6%, in the third quarter of 2021 when compared with the third quarter of 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in agent premiums of $276.1 million, or 38.2%, and an increase in direct premiums and escrow fees of $113.4 million, or 14.0%. Net realized investment gains also increased $230.3 million from the prior year. Direct premiums and escrow fees in the title insurance and services segment from domestic residential purchase and commercial transactions increased $29.7 million and $119.8 million, or 9.4% and 84.0%, respectively.

According to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s October 17, 2021 Mortgage Finance Forecast (the “MBA Forecast”), residential mortgage originations in the United States (based on the total dollar value of the transactions) decreased 20.5% in the third quarter of 2021 when compared with the third quarter of 2020. According to the MBA Forecast, the dollar amount of purchase originations decreased 3.5% and refinance originations decreased 30.7%. This volume of domestic residential mortgage origination activity coupled with increases in residential real estate values contributed to increases in direct premiums and escrow fees for the Company’s direct title operations of 9.4% from domestic residential purchase transactions and a decline of 36.0% from domestic refinance transactions in the third quarter of 2021 when compared with the third quarter of 2020.

During the third quarter of 2021, the level of domestic title orders opened per day by the Company’s direct title operations decreased 22.4% when compared with the third quarter of 2020. Commercial opened orders per day increased 11.1%, offset by a decline in residential purchase and refinance opened orders of 8.9% and 43.8%, respectively, when compared to the third quarter of 2020.

The Company recorded net realized investment gains of $275.2 million in the third quarter of 2021, which included an unrealized gain of $195.3 million related to the Company’s investment in a company that began trading publicly as discussed in more detail below. A substantial majority of the Company’s investments in non-marketable equity securities are in private venture-stage companies that operate in the real estate and related industries and many of which offer technology-enabled products and services. These investments are expected from time to time to cause material fluctuations in the Company’s quarterly results of operations due to the recognition of gains or losses in connection with observable price changes, such as from liquidity events, subsequent equity sales, or price changes in investments that begin trading publicly, which changes can be volatile.

In the third quarter of 2020, the Company initiated a plan to exit its property and casualty insurance business resulting in the remeasurement of the assets and liabilities of the business at fair value. Upon remeasurement, the Company recorded impairment losses to certain assets totaling $73.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. In January 2021, the Company entered into book transfer agreements with two third-party insurers and will seek to non-renew policies that are not transferred. The Company expects the transfers to be completed by the end of the third quarter of 2022.

Title Insurance and Services

	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2021			2020			$ Change			% Change			2021			2020			$ Change			% Change
Revenues
Direct premiums and escrow fees	$	794,215		$	680,910		$	113,305			16.6	%	$	2,238,956		$	1,712,946		$	526,010			30.7	%
Agent premiums		998,534			722,434			276,100			38.2			2,748,723			1,920,011			828,712			43.2
Information and other		307,616			282,671			24,945			8.8			881,262			719,196			162,066			22.5
Net investment income		49,827			44,726			5,101			11.4			139,963			147,628			(7,665	)		(5.2	)
Net realized investment (losses) gains		(3,413	)		41,252			(44,665	)		(108.3	)		45,405			35,777			9,628			26.9
		2,146,779			1,771,993			374,786			21.2			6,054,309			4,535,558			1,518,751			33.5
Expenses
Personnel costs		561,461			481,417			80,044			16.6			1,622,432			1,320,097			302,335			22.9
Premiums retained by agents		794,165			572,780			221,385			38.7			2,183,890			1,520,559			663,331			43.6
Other operating expenses		298,149			251,304			46,845			18.6			860,223			700,090			160,133			22.9
Provision for policy losses and other claims		71,710			70,167			1,543			2.2			199,508			181,648			17,860			9.8
Depreciation and amortization		37,792			36,194			1,598			4.4			113,976			104,705			9,271			8.9
Premium taxes		25,679			17,522			8,157			46.6			67,195			47,360			19,835			41.9
Interest		5,457			5,129			328			6.4			16,500			12,838			3,662			28.5
		1,794,413			1,434,513			359,900			25.1			5,063,724			3,887,297			1,176,427			30.3
Income before income taxes	$	352,366		$	337,480		$	14,886			4.4	%	$	990,585		$	648,261		$	342,324			52.8	%
Pretax margins		16.4	%		19.0	%		(2.6	)%		(13.7	)%		16.4	%		14.3	%		2.1	%		14.7	%

Direct premiums and escrow fees were $794.2 million and $2.2 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $113.3 million, or 16.6%, and $526.0 million, or 30.7%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to an increase in the average domestic revenues per order, offset by a reduction in the number of domestic title orders closed by the Company’s direct title operations. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was due to an increase in the average domestic revenues per order and an increase in the number of domestic title orders closed by the Company’s direct title operations. The domestic average revenues per order closed were $2,884 and $2,535 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of 31.5% and 18.3% when compared with $2,193 and $2,143 for the respective periods of the prior year due to higher average revenues per order from residential products due to higher residential real estate values and higher average revenues per order from commercial transactions. The increase in average revenues per order for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was also due to a shift in mix from the lower premium residential refinance transactions to higher premium commercial and residential resale transactions. The Company’s direct title operations closed 252,700 and 811,400 domestic title orders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, a decrease of 13.3% and an increase of 8.4% when compared with 291,500 and 748,700 title orders closed during the respective periods of the prior year, which was generally consistent with the changes in residential mortgage origination activity in the United States as reported in the MBA Forecast. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, domestic residential refinance orders closed per day decreased by 38.1% and 7.9%, respectively, and domestic residential purchase orders closed per day decreased by 2.1% and increased by 16.9%, respectively, when compared to the respective periods of the prior year.

Agent premiums were $998.5 million and $2.7 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $276.1 million, or 38.2%, and $828.7 million, or 43.2%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. Agent premiums are recorded when notice of issuance is received from the agent, which is generally when cash payment is received by the Company. As a result, there is generally a delay between the agent’s issuance of a title policy and the Company’s recognition of agent premiums. Therefore, current quarter agent premiums typically reflect prior quarter mortgage origination activity. The increase in agent premiums for the three months ended September 30, 2021 is generally consistent with the 48.3% increase in the Company’s direct premiums and escrow fees in the second quarter of 2021 as compared with the second quarter of 2020.

Information and other revenues primarily consist of revenues generated from fees associated with title search and related reports, title and other real property records and images, other non-insured settlement services, and risk mitigation products and services. These revenues generally trend with direct premiums and escrow fees but are typically less volatile since a portion of the revenues are subscription based and do not fluctuate with transaction volumes.

Information and other revenues were $307.6 million and $881.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $24.9 million, or 8.8%, and $162.1 million, or 22.5%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to continued strength in the purchase and commercial markets that led to higher demand for the Company’s information products, an increase in demand for the Company’s post-close and document generation services, and an increase in demand for the Company’s default information products as a result of an increase in loss mitigation activities. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2021, was partially offset by a decline in the Company’s Canadian operations due to services provided in 2020 in support of a government program related to the coronavirus pandemic.

Net investment income totaled $49.8 million and $140.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, an increase of $5.1 million, or 11.4%, and a decrease of $7.7 million, or 5.2%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to interest income from the Company’s portfolio, due to higher balances, and its warehouse lending business. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to lower short-term interest rates, partially offset by an increase in interest income from the Company’s warehouse lending business.

Net realized investment losses totaled $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and were primarily from the decrease in fair value of equity securities. Net realized investment gains totaled $45.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and were primarily attributable to an increase in fair value of equity securities and gains on the sale of debt securities. Net realized investment gains totaled $41.3 million and $35.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The net realized investment gains for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily attributable to increases in the fair values of equity securities and gains from the sales of debt securities. Net realized investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 also included a gain recognized upon purchase of the remaining equity ownership in an investment in an affiliate during the first quarter of 2020.

The title insurance and services segment (primarily direct operations) is labor intensive; accordingly, a major expense component is personnel costs. This expense component is affected by two primary factors: the need to monitor personnel changes to match the level of corresponding or anticipated new orders and the need to provide quality service.

Personnel costs were $561.5 million and $1.6 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $80.0 million, or 16.6%, and $302.3 million, or 22.9%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily due to higher salary, incentive compensation, employee benefit expense, and payroll tax expense. The increase in personnel costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was also partially attributable to higher overtime and temporary labor expense. The increases in salary and payroll tax expense were driven by higher headcount. The increase in incentive compensation expense was due to higher revenues and profitability. The increases in employee benefit expense were primarily due to the impact of higher expense related to the Company’s 401(k) saving plan match and higher medical claims. The increases in overtime and temporary labor expense were due to higher volumes.

Agents retained $794.2 million and $2.2 billion of title premiums generated by agency operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, which compares with $572.8 million and $1.5 billion for the respective periods of the prior year. The percentage of title premiums retained by agents was 79.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 79.3% and 79.2% for the respective periods of the prior year.

Other operating expenses for the title insurance and services segment were $298.1 million and $860.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $46.8 million, or 18.6%, and $160.1 million, or 22.9%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to higher production related costs, higher software expense, and higher professional services.

The provision for policy losses and other claims, expressed as a percentage of title premiums and escrow fees, was 4.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to 5.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The current year rate of 4.0% reflects the ultimate loss rate for the current policy year and no change in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years. The 5.0% rate for 2020 reflected an ultimate loss rate of 4.5% for the 2020 policy year and a net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years of 0.5%, or $7.0 million and $18.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Title claims generally increase when economic conditions deteriorate and foreclosure activity increases. The Company increased its calendar year loss rate from 4.0% in 2019 to 5.0% in 2020 in anticipation of higher claims due to the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic. However, the Company has not experienced an increase in title claims as a result of the pandemic, but rather claims have been significantly below the Company’s actuarial expectation. As a result, and in anticipation of lower claims due to a generally strengthening economy, high levels of home equity and foreclosure moratoriums, the Company lowered the current year loss rate to 4.0%. The Company will continue to monitor economic conditions and actual claims experience and will consider this information, among other factors, when determining the appropriate loss rate and reserve balance for incurred but not reported claims in future periods.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $37.8 million and $114.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $1.6 million, or 4.4%, and $9.3 million, or 8.9%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to higher amortization of software and other intangible assets related to recent acquisitions.

Premium taxes were $25.7 million and $67.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $8.2 million, or 46.6%, and $19.8 million, or 41.9%, respectively, compared to $17.5 million and $47.4 million for the same periods of the prior year. Premium taxes as a percentage of title insurance premiums and escrow fees were 1.4% and 1.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and were 1.2% and 1.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Interest expense was $5.5 million and $16.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $0.3 million, or 6.4%, and $3.7 million, or 28.5%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year.

The profit margins for the title insurance business reflect the high cost of performing the essential services required before insuring title, whereas the corresponding revenues are subject to regulatory and competitive pricing restraints. Due to the relatively high proportion of fixed costs, title insurance profit margins generally improve as closed order volumes increase. Title insurance profit margins are also impacted by the segment’s net investment income and net realized investment gains or losses, which may not move in the same direction as closed order volumes. Title insurance profit margins are affected by the composition (residential or commercial) and type (resale, refinancing or new construction) of real estate activity. Title insurance profit margins are also affected by the percentage of title insurance premiums generated by agency operations. Profit margins from direct operations are generally higher than from agency operations due primarily to the large portion of the premium that is retained by the agent. The pretax margins for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were 16.4% compared with 19.0% and 14.3% in the respective periods of the prior year.

Specialty Insurance

	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2021			2020			$ Change			% Change			2021			2020			$ Change			% Change
Revenues
Direct premiums	$	127,121		$	127,037		$	84			0.1	%	$	385,506		$	367,622		$	17,884			4.9	%
Information and other		2,789			3,450			(661	)		(19.2	)		9,994			9,992			2			—
Net investment income		1,682			2,105			(423	)		(20.1	)		5,432			7,005			(1,573	)		(22.5	)
Net realized investment gains		634			3,740			(3,106	)		(83.0	)		19,403			7,199			12,204			169.5
		132,226			136,332			(4,106	)		(3.0	)		420,335			391,818			28,517			7.3
Expenses
Personnel costs		22,708			22,271			437			2.0			69,361			64,398			4,963			7.7
Other operating expenses		25,103			20,899			4,204			20.1			71,468			61,731			9,737			15.8
Provision for policy losses and other claims		83,590			87,669			(4,079	)		(4.7	)		246,169			232,353			13,816			5.9
Depreciation and amortization		1,410			1,995			(585	)		(29.3	)		4,392			5,832			(1,440	)		(24.7	)
Impairment losses on exit of business		—			73,264			(73,264	)		(100.0	)		—			73,264			(73,264	)		(100.0	)
Premium taxes		1,302			2,363			(1,061	)		(44.9	)		4,839			6,194			(1,355	)		(21.9	)
		134,113			208,461			(74,348	)		(35.7	)		396,229			443,772			(47,543	)		(10.7	)
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(1,887	)	$	(72,129	)	$	70,242			97.4	%	$	24,106		$	(51,954	)	$	76,060			146.4	%
Margins		(1.4	)%		(52.9	)%		51.5	%		97.4	%		5.7	%		(13.3	)%		19.0	%		142.9	%

Direct premiums were $127.1 million and $385.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $0.1 million, or 0.1%, and $17.9 million, or 4.9%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were attributable to higher premiums earned in the home warranty business, partially offset by lower premiums in the property and casualty business.

Net realized investment gains for the specialty insurance segment totaled $0.6 million and $19.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Net realized investment gains for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily from the sale of debt securities. Net realized investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily from the sale of our Property and Casualty agency operations and to a lesser extent, the sale of debt securities. Net realized investment gains for the specialty insurance segment totaled $3.7 million and $7.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The net realized investment gains for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily from the increase in the fair values of equity securities. The net realized investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily from a gain from the sale of real estate.

Personnel costs and other operating expenses were $47.8 million and $140.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $4.6 million, or 10.8%, and $14.7 million, or 11.7%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to an increase in deferred policy acquisition expense in the property and casualty business, higher incentive compensation, higher offshore vendor expense due to higher volumes in the home warranty business, and higher employee benefit expense due to the impact of higher expense related to the Company’s 401(k) saving plan match, offset by lower agent commissions.

The provision for home warranty claims, expressed as a percentage of home warranty premiums, was 56.8% and 55.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared with 64.5% and 54.1% for the respective periods of the prior year. The decrease in the claims rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily attributable to lower claims frequency, slightly offset by higher claims severity. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was attributable to higher severity and frequency partially due to higher appliance, plumbing, and electrical claims likely due to people spending more time at home. The provision for property and casualty claims, expressed as a percentage of property and casualty insurance premiums, was 106.5% and 94.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared with 82.7% and 89.9% for the respective periods of the prior year. The increases in the claims rate were primarily attributable to higher claims frequency and, to a lesser extent, higher claims severity.

Premium taxes were $1.3 million and $4.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared with $2.4 million and $6.2 million for the respective periods of the prior year. Premium taxes as a percentage of specialty insurance segment premiums were 1.0% and 1.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 1.9% and 1.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The decline is due to a shift in the mix of premiums to home warranty.

In the third quarter of 2020, the Company initiated a plan to exit its property and casualty insurance business resulting in impairment losses to certain assets totaling $73.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. In January 2021, the Company entered into book transfer agreements with two third-party insurers related to its property and casualty insurance business and will seek to non-renew policies that are not transferred. The Company’s policies in force had declined by approximately 49% as of September 30, 2021 and the Company expects an approximate 70% reduction to policies in force by the end of 2021 and decreasing revenues over time. The Company expects the transfers to be completed by the end of the third quarter of 2022.

A large part of the revenues for the specialty insurance businesses are generated by renewals and are not dependent on the level of real estate activity in the year of renewal. With the exception of loss expense, the majority of the expenses for this segment are variable in nature and therefore generally fluctuate consistent with revenue fluctuations. Accordingly, profit margins for this segment (before loss expense) are relatively constant, although as a result of some fixed expenses, profit margins (before loss expense) should nominally improve as premium revenues increase. Specialty insurance profit margins are also impacted by the segment’s net investment income and net realized investment gains or losses, which may not move in the same direction as premium revenues. The pretax margin loss for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was (1.4%) and the pretax margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was 5.7%, compared with pretax margin losses of (52.9%) and (13.3%) in the respective periods of the prior year.

Corporate

	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages)	2021			2020			$ Change			% Change			2021		2020			$ Change			% Change
Revenues
Net investment (losses) income	$	(648	)	$	6,055		$	(6,703	)		(110.7	)%	$	11,403	$	2,745		$	8,658			315.4	%
Net realized investment gains		278,022			—			278,022			—			363,782		6,515			357,267			NM	¹
		277,374			6,055			271,319			NM	¹		375,185		9,260			365,925			NM	¹
Expenses
Personnel costs		480			7,610			(7,130	)		(93.7	)		16,304		7,950			8,354			105.1
Other operating expenses		10,203			9,115			1,088			11.9			28,406		27,211			1,195			4.4
Depreciation and amortization		36			38			(2	)		(5.3	)		107		115			(8	)		(7.0	)
Interest		13,960			11,272			2,688			23.8			36,447		29,301			7,146			24.4
		24,679			28,035			(3,356	)		(12.0	)		81,264		64,577			16,687			25.8
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	252,695		$	(21,980	)	$	274,675			NM	¹%	$	293,921	$	(55,317	)	$	349,238			NM	¹%

(1)	Not meaningful

Net investment losses totaled $0.6 million and net investment income totaled $11.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared with net investment income of $6.1 million and $2.7 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The decrease in net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to lower earnings on investments associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan when compared to the same period of 2020. The increase in net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to higher earnings on investments associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan when compared to the same period of 2020.

Net realized investment gains for the corporate segment totaled $278.0 million and $363.8 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and were primarily from the increase in fair value of the company’s investment in Offerpad and gains recognized on certain non-marketable equity investments. Net realized investment gains for the corporate segment totaled $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and were primarily from the sale of real estate.

Corporate personnel costs and other operating expenses were $10.7 million and $44.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared with $16.7 million and $35.2 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily attributable to lower expense related to the Company’s deferred compensation plan. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily attributable to higher expense related to the Company’s deferred compensation plan.

Interest expense was $14.0 million and $36.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, increases of $2.7 million, or 23.8%, and $7.1 million, or 24.4%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increase is attributable to the interest accrued on the $450.0 million of 4.00% senior unsecured notes that the Company issued in May 2020 and on the $650.0 million of 2.4% senior unsecured notes that the Company issued in August 2021.

Eliminations

The Company’s inter-segment eliminations were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective income tax rates (income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes) were 25.3% and 24.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared with 24.6% and 22.5% for the respective periods of the prior year. The differences in the effective tax rates are primarily due to state income taxes related to the Company’s noninsurance businesses in 2021, foreign tax law changes in 2021 and 2020, and the recognition of additional excess tax benefits associated with share-based payment transactions in 2020.

NET INCOME AND NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY

Net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $450.5 million and $988.3 million, respectively, compared with $183.6 million and $419.1 million for the respective periods of the prior year. Net income attributable to the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $445.3 million, or $4.00 per diluted share, and $981.2 million, or $8.81 per diluted share, respectively, compared with $182.3 million, or $1.62 per diluted share, and $416.1 million, or $3.68 per diluted share, for the respective periods of the prior year.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash requirements. The Company generates cash primarily from the sale of its products and services and investment income. The Company’s current cash requirements include operating expenses, taxes, payments of principal and interest on its debt, capital expenditures, dividends on its common stock, and may include business acquisitions, investments in private companies, primarily those in the venture-stage, and repurchases of its common stock. Management forecasts the cash needs of the holding company and its primary subsidiaries and regularly reviews their short-term and long-term projected sources and uses of funds, as well as the asset, liability, investment and cash flow assumptions underlying such forecasts. Based on the Company’s ability to generate cash flows from operations, its liquid-asset position and amounts available on its revolving credit facility, management believes that its resources are sufficient to satisfy its anticipated operational cash requirements and obligations for at least the next twelve months.

The substantial majority of the Company’s business is dependent upon activity in the real estate and mortgage markets, which are cyclical and seasonal. Periods of increasing interest rates and reduced mortgage financing availability generally have an adverse effect on residential real estate activity and therefore typically decrease the Company’s revenues. In contrast, periods of declining interest rates and increased mortgage financing availability generally have a positive effect on residential real estate activity, which typically increases the Company’s revenues. Residential purchase activity is typically slower in the winter months with increased volumes in the spring and summer months. Residential refinance activity is typically more volatile than purchase activity and is highly impacted by changes in interest rates. Commercial real estate volumes are less sensitive to changes in interest rates but fluctuate based on local supply and demand conditions for space and mortgage financing availability.

Cash provided by operating activities totaled $876.0 million and $681.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, after claim payments, net of recoveries, of $356.4 million and $342.7 million, respectively. The principal nonoperating uses of cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were advances and repayments related to secured financing transactions, purchases of debt and equity securities, dividends to common stockholders, capital expenditures, repurchases of Company shares, business acquisitions, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, repayment of borrowings under the unsecured credit facility. The principal nonoperating sources of cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were borrowings and collections related to secured financing transactions, increases in the deposit balances at the Company’s banking operations, proceeds from the sales and maturities of debt and equity securities, proceeds from the issuance of unsecured senior notes and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, borrowings under the unsecured credit agreement. The net effect of all activities on cash and cash equivalents were increases of $678.5 million and $48.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company continually assesses its capital allocation strategy, including decisions relating to dividends, stock repurchases, capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments. In August 2021, the quarterly cash dividend was increased to 51 cents per common share, representing an 11% increase. The dividend increase was effective beginning with the September 2021 dividend. Management expects that the Company will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends at or above the current level. The timing, declaration and payment of future dividends, however, falls within the discretion of the Company’s board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including the Company’s financial condition and earnings, the capital requirements of the Company’s businesses, restrictions imposed by applicable law and any other factors the board of directors deems relevant from time to time.

Holding Company. First American Financial Corporation is a holding company that conducts all of its operations through its subsidiaries. The holding company’s current cash requirements include payments of principal and interest on its debt, taxes, payments in connection with employee benefit plans, dividends on its common stock and other expenses. The holding company is dependent upon dividends and other payments from its operating subsidiaries to meet its cash requirements. The Company’s target is to maintain a cash balance at the holding company equal to at least twelve months of estimated cash requirements. At certain points in time, the actual cash balance at the holding company may vary from this target due to, among other factors, the timing and amount of cash payments made and dividend payments received. Pursuant to insurance and other regulations under which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries operate, the amount of dividends, loans and advances available to the holding company is limited, principally for the protection of policyholders. As of September 30, 2021, under such regulations, the maximum amount available to the holding company from its insurance subsidiaries for the remainder of 2021, without prior approval from applicable regulators, was dividends of $438.7 million and loans and advances of $116.3 million. However, the timing and amount of dividends paid by the Company’s insurance subsidiaries to the holding company falls within the discretion of each insurance subsidiary’s board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including the level of total statutory capital and surplus required to support minimum financial strength ratings by certain rating agencies. Such restrictions have not had, nor are they expected to have, an impact on the holding company’s ability to meet its cash obligations.

As of September 30, 2021, the holding company’s sources of liquidity included $713.6 million of cash and cash equivalents and $700.0 million available on the Company’s revolving credit facility. Management believes that liquidity at the holding company is sufficient to satisfy anticipated cash requirements and obligations for at least the next twelve months.

Financing. In August 2021, the Company issued $650.0 million of 2.40% senior unsecured notes due in 2031. Interest is due semi-annually on February 15 and August 15, beginning February 15, 2022.

The Company maintains a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in its capacity as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. The credit agreement, which is comprised of a $700.0 million revolving credit facility, includes an expansion option that permits the Company, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, to increase the revolving commitments and/or add term loan tranches in an aggregate amount not to exceed $350.0 million. Unless terminated earlier, the credit agreement will terminate on April 30, 2024. The obligations of the Company under the credit agreement are neither secured nor guaranteed. Proceeds under the credit agreement may be used for general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2021, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the facility.

At the Company’s election, borrowings of revolving loans under the credit agreement bear interest at (a) the Alternate Base Rate plus the applicable spread or (b) the Adjusted LIBOR rate plus the applicable spread (in each case as defined in the credit agreement). The Company may select interest periods of one, two, three or six months or (if agreed to by all lenders) such other number of months for Eurodollar borrowings of loans. The applicable spread varies depending upon the debt rating assigned by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc., Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and/or Fitch Ratings Inc. The minimum applicable spread for Alternate Base Rate borrowings is 0.25% and the maximum is 1.00%. The minimum applicable spread for Adjusted LIBOR rate borrowings is 1.25% and the maximum is 2.00%. The rate of interest on any term loans incurred in connection with the expansion option will be established at or about the time such loans are made and may differ from the rate of interest on revolving loans.

The credit agreement includes representations and warranties, reporting covenants, affirmative covenants, negative covenants, financial covenants and events of default customary for financings of this type. Upon the occurrence of an event of default the lenders may accelerate the loans. Upon the occurrence of certain insolvency and bankruptcy events of default the loans will automatically accelerate. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants under the credit agreement.

In addition to amounts available under its credit facility, certain subsidiaries of the Company maintain separate financing arrangements. The primary financing arrangements maintained by subsidiaries of the Company are as follows:

•

SUSA Financial, Inc. (dba FirstFunding, Inc.), a specialized warehouse lender to correspondent mortgage lenders, maintains secured warehouse lending facilities with several banking institutions. At September 30, 2021, outstanding borrowings under these facilities totaled $593.6 million.

•

First American Trust, FSB, a federal savings bank, maintains a secured line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank and federal funds lines of credit with certain correspondent institutions. In addition, First American Trust, FSB is a party to master repurchase agreements under which securities may be loaned or sold. At September 30, 2021, no amounts were outstanding under any of these facilities.

•

First Canadian Title Company Limited, a Canadian title insurance and services company, maintains credit facilities with certain Canadian banking institutions. At September 30, 2021, no amounts were outstanding under these facilities.

The Company’s debt to capitalization ratios were 28.5% and 23.7% at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company’s adjusted debt to capitalization ratios, excluding secured financings payable of $593.6 million and $516.2 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, were 22.7% and 17.0%, respectively.

Investment Portfolio. The Company maintains a high quality, liquid portfolio of debt and marketable equity securities that is primarily held at its insurance and banking subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2021, 95% of the Company’s investment portfolio consisted of debt securities, of which 67% were either United States government-backed or rated AAA and 98% were either rated or classified as investment grade. Percentages are based on the estimated fair values of the securities. Credit ratings reflect published ratings obtained from globally recognized securities rating agencies. If a security was rated differently among the rating agencies, the lowest rating was selected. For further information on the credit quality of the Company’s debt securities portfolio at September 30, 2021, see Note 4 Debt Securities to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In addition to its portfolio of debt and marketable equity securities, the Company maintains investments in non-marketable equity securities and securities accounted for under the equity method. For further information on the Company’s equity securities see Note 5 Equity Securities to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Off-balance sheet arrangements. The Company administers escrow deposits and trust assets as a service to its customers. Escrow deposits totaled $11.7 billion and $7.1 billion at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, of which $5.2 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively, were held at First American Trust, FSB. The escrow deposits held at First American Trust, FSB are temporarily invested in cash and cash equivalents and debt securities, with offsetting liabilities included in deposits in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The remaining escrow deposits were held at third-party financial institutions.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

The Company’s primary exposure to market risk relates to interest rate risk associated with certain financial instruments. Although the Company monitors its risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates, it does not currently use derivative financial instruments on any significant scale to hedge these risks.

There have been no material changes in the Company’s market risks since the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2021, the end of the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, were effective, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(b) thereunder.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2021, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings.

•

Tenefufu vs. First American Specialty Insurance Company, filed on June 1, 2017 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Sacramento, and

•

Wilmot vs. First American Financial Corporation, et al., filed on April 20, 2007 and pending in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors.

The following “risk factors” could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, operations, reputation, financial position or future financial performance. You should carefully consider each of the following risk factors and the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company faces risks other than those listed here, including those that are unknown to the Company and others of which the Company may be aware but, at present, considers immaterial. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting the Company’s operating results, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

STRATEGIC RISK FACTORS

1.The Company’s risk management framework could prove inadequate, which could adversely affect the Company

The Company’s risk management framework is designed to identify, monitor and mitigate risks that could have a negative impact on the Company’s financial condition or reputation. This framework includes departments or groups dedicated to enterprise risk management, information security, disaster recovery and other information technology-related risks, business continuity, legal and compliance, compensation structures and other human resources matters, vendor management and internal audit, among others. Many of the processes overseen by these departments function at the enterprise level, but many also function through, or rely to a certain degree upon, risk mitigation efforts in local operating groups. Similarly, with respect to the risks the Company assumes in the ordinary course of its business through the issuance of title insurance policies and the provision of related products and services, the Company employs localized as well as centralized risk mitigation efforts. These efforts include the implementation of underwriting policies and procedures, automated risk-decisioning tools and other mechanisms for assessing and managing risk. Underwriting title insurance policies and making other risk-assumption decisions frequently involves a substantial degree of individual judgment and, accordingly, underwriters are maintained at the state, regional, divisional, and corporate levels with varying degrees of underwriting authority. These individuals may be encouraged by customers or others to assume risks or to expeditiously make risk determinations. If the Company’s risk mitigation efforts prove inadequate, the Company could be adversely affected.

2.The Company is pursuing various innovative initiatives, which could result in increased title claims or otherwise adversely affect the Company

In an effort to speed the delivery of its products, increase efficiency, improve quality, improve the customer experience and decrease risk, the Company is increasingly utilizing innovative technologies, processes and techniques in the creation of its products and services. These efforts include streamlining the closing process by converting certain manual processes into automated ones, which the Company believes will improve the customer experience by simplifying and reducing the time it takes to close a transaction, reducing risk and improving communication. The Company increasingly is employing advanced technologies to automate various processes, including various processes related to the building, maintaining and updating of title plants and other data assets, as well as the search and examination of information in connection with the issuance of title insurance policies. In connection with the increase in orders during 2020, the Company expanded the use of certain of these advanced technologies in order to facilitate the processing of those orders and expects to continue the expanded use of these technologies. Risks from these and other innovative initiatives include those associated with potential defects in the design and development of the technologies used to automate processes, misapplication of technologies, the reliance on data that may prove inadequate, and failure to meet customer expectations, among others. As a result of these risks, the Company could experience increased claims, reputational damage or other adverse effects, which could be material to the Company.

3.Potentially disruptive innovation in the real estate industry and/or the Company’s participation in these efforts could adversely affect the Company

In addition to the Company’s innovative activities, other participants in the real estate industry are seeking to innovate in ways that could adversely impact the Company’s businesses. These participants include certain of the Company’s sources of business, competitors, investments and ultimate customers. Innovations by these participants may change the demand for the Company’s products and services, the manner in which the Company’s products and services are ordered or fulfilled and the revenue or profitability derived from the Company’s products and services. The Company’s investments in some of these participants could also facilitate efforts that ultimately disrupt the Company’s business or enable competitors. Accordingly, the Company’s efforts to anticipate and participate in these transformations could require significant additional investment and management attention and may not succeed. These innovative efforts by third parties, and the manner in which the Company, its agents and other industry participants respond to them, could therefore have an adverse effect on the Company.

4.The coronavirus pandemic and the responses thereto could adversely affect the Company

The coronavirus pandemic and responses to it have created significant volatility, uncertainty and disruption in the broader economy. The extent to which the coronavirus pandemic impacts the Company’s business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous factors that the Company may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic and restrictions and responses to it, particularly the impact of virus variants; governmental, business and individual actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; the ongoing impact of the pandemic on economic activity and actions taken in response, including the efficacy of governmental relief efforts; the efficacy of vaccination efforts; and the effect on participants in real estate transactions and the demand for the Company’s products and services. In response to the pandemic, the Company made changes to the way it conducted business, including by altering certain underwriting practices, production processes, employee working arrangements and employee engagement efforts. Some of these changes have altered employee, client and other expectations and are expected to alter the way the Company conducts business and engages with its employees over an extended period of time, and, in some cases, permanently. Certain of these changes could result in increased claims and expose the Company to other risks. While the Company is unable to predict the ultimate impact the coronavirus pandemic and related responses will have on its businesses, these events adversely affected the Company early in the pandemic, and still could adversely affect, its business and results of operations and, if prolonged, could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition. The impacts of the coronavirus pandemic may also exacerbate the risks discussed elsewhere in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report.

OPERATIONAL RISK FACTORS

5.Conditions in the real estate market generally impact the demand for a substantial portion of the Company’s products and services and the Company’s claims experience

Demand for a substantial portion of the Company’s products and services generally decreases as the number of real estate transactions in which its products and services are purchased decreases. The number of real estate transactions in which the Company’s products and services are purchased decreases in the following situations, among others:

•

when mortgage interest rates are high or rising;

•

when the availability of credit, including commercial and residential mortgage funding, is limited; and

•

when real estate affordability is declining.

These circumstances, particularly when combined with declining real estate values and the increase in foreclosures that often results therefrom, also tend to adversely impact the Company’s title claims experience.

6.Unfavorable economic conditions adversely affect the Company

Historically, uncertainty and negative trends in general economic conditions in the United States and abroad, including significant tightening of credit markets and a general decline in the value of real property, have created a difficult operating environment for the Company. Uncertainty and a deterioration in economic conditions in connection with the coronavirus pandemic adversely affected the Company early in the pandemic. These conditions also tend to negatively impact the amount of funds the Company receives from third parties to be held in trust pending the closing of commercial and residential real estate transactions. The Company deposits a substantial portion of these funds, as well as its own funds, with the federal savings bank it owns. The Company’s bank invests those funds and any realized losses incurred on those investments will be reflected in the Company’s consolidated results. The likelihood of such losses, which generally would not occur if the Company were to deposit these funds in an unaffiliated entity, increases when economic conditions are unfavorable. Moreover, during periods of unfavorable economic conditions, the return on these funds deposited at the Company’s bank, as well as funds the Company deposits with third party financial institutions, tends to decline. Certain rules promulgated in connection with the coronavirus pandemic allow certain borrowers to request temporary forbearance of the payment of their mortgages. In certain circumstances, if a borrower requests forbearance on a mortgage originated through the Company’s warehouse lender before that mortgage is sold to a third party, the Company’s warehouse lender may have to retain that loan. In addition, the Company holds investments in entities, such as title agencies and settlement service providers, some of which have been negatively impacted by these conditions, as well as other securities in its investment portfolio, which also may be, and recently have been, negatively impacted by these conditions. Depending upon the ultimate severity and duration of any economic downturn, the resulting effects on the Company could be materially adverse, including a significant reduction in revenues, earnings and cash flows, challenges to the Company’s ability to satisfy covenants or otherwise meet its obligations under debt facilities and other contracts, difficulties in obtaining access to capital, challenges to the Company’s ability to pay dividends at currently anticipated levels, deterioration in the value of or return on its investments and increased credit risk from customers and others with obligations to the Company.

7.Climate change, severe weather conditions, health crises and other catastrophe events could adversely affect the Company

Climate change, global or extensive health crises, severe weather and other catastrophe events could adversely affect the Company. These include impacts on the results of the Company’s property and casualty insurance business due to any increase in the frequency and severity of wildfires, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes or other catastrophe or severe weather events, as well as increased claims in the Company’s home warranty business. Home warranty claims, including those pertaining to climate control units, tend to rise as temperatures become extreme, especially in geographies where extreme temperatures are infrequent, and as people spend more time at home, such as during the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, the Company manages its financial exposure for losses in its title insurance business and in its property and casualty insurance business with third-party reinsurance. Catastrophic events could adversely affect the cost and availability of that reinsurance. Moreover, to the extent climate change, health crises, severe weather conditions and other catastrophe events impact companies or municipalities whose securities the Company invests in, the value of its investment portfolio may also decrease due to these factors. In addition, these factors may impact real estate markets and the broader economy, which could also impact the Company. The frequency, severity, duration, and geographic location and scope of such health crises, catastrophe and severe whether events are inherently unpredictable, and, therefore, the Company is unable to predict the ultimate impact climate change and such events will have on its businesses.

8.The Company may find it difficult to acquire necessary data

Certain data used and supplied by the Company are subject to regulation by various federal, state and local regulatory authorities. Compliance with existing federal, state and local laws and regulations with respect to such data has not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations to date. Nonetheless, federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States designed to protect the public from the misuse of personal information in the marketplace and adverse publicity or potential litigation concerning the commercial use of such information may affect the Company’s operations and could result in substantial regulatory compliance expense, litigation expense and a loss of revenue. The suppliers of data to the Company face similar burdens. As a result of these and other factors, the Company may find it financially burdensome to acquire necessary data.

9.Changes in the Company’s relationships with large mortgage lenders or government–sponsored enterprises could adversely affect the Company

Large mortgage lenders and government-sponsored enterprises, because of their significant role in the mortgage process, have significant influence over the Company and other service providers. Changes in the Company’s relationship with any of these lenders or government-sponsored enterprises, the loss of all or a portion of the business the Company derives from these parties, any refusal of these parties to accept the Company’s products and services, the modification of the government-sponsored enterprises’ requirements for title insurance or mortgage servicing in connection with mortgages they purchase or the use of alternatives to the Company’s products and services, could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

10.A downgrade by ratings agencies, reductions in statutory capital and surplus maintained by the Company’s title insurance underwriters or a deterioration in other measures of financial strength could adversely affect the Company

Certain of the Company’s customers use measurements of the financial strength of the Company’s title insurance underwriters, including, among others, ratings provided by ratings agencies and levels of statutory capital and surplus maintained by those underwriters, in determining the amount of a policy they will accept and the amount of reinsurance required. Each of the major ratings agencies currently rates the Company’s title insurance operations. The Company’s principal title insurance underwriter’s financial strength ratings are “A2” by Moody’s Investor Services, Inc., “A” by Fitch Ratings, Inc., “A-” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and “A” by A.M. Best Company, Inc. These ratings provide the agencies’ perspectives on the financial strength, operating performance and cash generating ability of those operations. These agencies continually review these ratings and the ratings are subject to change. Statutory capital and surplus, or the amount by which statutory assets exceed statutory liabilities, is also a measure of financial strength. The Company’s principal title insurance underwriter maintained $1.5 billion of total statutory capital and surplus as of December 31, 2020. Accordingly, if the ratings or statutory capital and surplus of these title insurance underwriters are reduced from their current levels, or if there is a deterioration in other measures of financial strength, the Company’s results of operations, competitive position and liquidity could be adversely affected. In addition, a downgrade in the Company’s mortgage servicing business’s servicer ranking and outlook by Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings or in its tiered ranking by the United States Housing and Urban Development could have an adverse effect on that business, including the potential for termination of subservicer relationships.

11.The issuance of the Company’s title insurance policies and related activities by title agents, which operate with substantial independence from the Company, could adversely affect the Company

The Company’s title insurance subsidiaries issue a significant portion of their policies through title agents that operate largely independent of the Company. There is no guarantee that these title agents will fulfill their contractual obligations to the Company, which contracts include limitations that are designed to limit the Company’s risk with respect to their activities. In addition, regulators are increasingly seeking to hold the Company responsible for the actions of these title agents and, under certain circumstances, the Company may be held liable directly to third parties for actions (including defalcations) or omissions of these agents. Case law in certain states also suggests that the Company is liable for the actions or omissions of its agents in those states, regardless of contractual limitations. As a result, the Company’s use of title agents could result in increased claims on the Company’s policies issued through agents and an increase in other costs and expenses.

12.Systems damage, failures, interruptions, cyberattacks and intrusions, and unauthorized data disclosures by the Company or its service providers may disrupt the Company’s business, harm the Company’s reputation, result in material claims for damages or otherwise adversely affect the Company

The Company uses computer software applications, systems and other technologies (collectively referred to as “systems”), some of which it owns and manages and some of which are owned and/or managed by third parties, including providers of distributed computing infrastructure platforms commonly known as the “cloud.” The Company and its agents, suppliers, service providers, and customers use these systems to receive, process, store and transmit business information, including non-public personal information as well as data from suppliers and other information upon which the Company’s business relies. The Company also uses these systems to manage substantial cash, investment assets, bank deposits, trust assets and escrow account balances on behalf of itself and its customers, among other activities. Many of the Company’s products, services and solutions involving the use of real property related data are fully reliant on these systems and are only available electronically. Accordingly, for a variety of reasons, the integrity of these systems and the protection of the information that resides thereon are critically important to the Company’s successful operation.

These systems have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, computer viruses, cyberattacks, phishing attacks and other malicious activity. These attacks have increased in frequency and sophistication, including in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. The Company’s employees working remotely are more susceptible to social engineering attacks, intrusions and other malicious activity, and this risk has increased given that a substantial number of the Company’s employees are working from home following the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. These systems also have known and unknown vulnerabilities. Once identified, the Company’s information technology and information security personnel seek to remediate these vulnerabilities based on the level of risk presented. For a number of reasons, including the introduction of new vulnerabilities, resource constraints, competing business demands and dependence on third parties, a number of unremediated vulnerabilities will always exist. Remediation of some vulnerabilities are outside of the control of the Company and third-party remediation efforts may not be timely provided or implemented or otherwise adequate, even when the level of risk is critical or high. Further, certain other potential causes of system damage or other negative system-related events are wholly or partially beyond the Company’s control, such as natural disasters, vendor failures to satisfy service level requirements and power or telecommunications failures. These circumstances could expose the Company to system-related damages, failures, interruptions, cyberattacks and other negative events or could otherwise disrupt the Company’s business and could also result in the loss or unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring or destruction of confidential, proprietary and other information pertaining to the Company, its customers, employees, agents or suppliers.

In conducting its business and delivering its products and services, the Company also utilizes service providers. These service providers and the systems they utilize are typically subject to similar types of system- and information security-related risks that the Company faces. The Company provides certain of these service providers with data, including nonpublic personal information. There is no guarantee that the Company’s due diligence or ongoing vendor oversight will be sufficient to ensure the integrity and security of the systems utilized by these service providers or the protection of the information that resides thereon. Adverse consequences for the Company in the event of a significant event involving the systems of its service providers or the information residing thereon include, among others, delays in the delivery of the Company’s products and services, direct or indirect financial loss, loss of business and reputational damage.

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company concluded an investigation regarding unauthorized access to non-public personal information as a result of a vulnerability in one of the Company’s applications. The investigation identified imaged documents containing non-public personal information pertaining to 32 consumers that likely were accessed without authorization. These 32 consumers were notified and offered complimentary credit monitoring services. This incident triggered numerous federal and state governmental inquiries as well as private lawsuits against the Company. While the incident is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s business, it increases the risk associated with any future incidents, particularly the risk of damage to the Company’s reputation.

Certain laws and contracts the Company has entered into require it to notify various parties, including consumers or customers, in the event of certain actual or potential data breaches or systems failures, including those of the Company’s service providers. Further, the Company’s financial institution customers have obligations to safeguard their systems and sensitive information and the Company may be bound contractually and/or by regulation to comply with the same requirements. If the Company or its service providers fail to comply with applicable regulations and contractual requirements, the Company could be exposed to lawsuits, governmental proceedings or the imposition of fines, among other consequences.

Any inability to prevent or adequately respond to the issues described above could disrupt the Company’s business, inhibit its ability to retain existing customers or attract new customers, divert management’s time and energy, otherwise harm its reputation and/or result in financial losses, litigation, regulatory inquiries, increased costs or other adverse consequences that could be material to the Company.

13.Errors and fraud involving the transfer of funds may adversely affect the Company

The Company relies on its systems, employees and domestic and international banks to transfer its own funds and the funds of third parties. In addition to relying on third-party banks to transfer these funds, the Company’s federal savings bank subsidiary transfers funds on behalf of the Company as well as title agents that are not affiliates of the Company. These transfers are susceptible to user input error, fraud, system interruptions, incorrect processing and similar errors that from time to time result in lost funds or delayed transactions. The Company’s email and computer systems and systems used by its agents, customers and other parties involved in a transaction have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, fraudulent attacks, including attempts to cause the Company or its agents to improperly transfer funds. These attacks have increased in frequency and sophistication. Funds transferred to a fraudulent recipient are often not recoverable. In certain instances the Company may be liable for those unrecovered funds. The controls and procedures used by the Company to prevent transfer errors and fraud may prove inadequate, resulting in financial losses, reputational harm, loss of customers or other adverse consequences which could be material to the Company.

14.The Company’s use of a global workforce involves risks that could adversely affect the Company

The Company utilizes lower cost labor in countries such as India and the Philippines, among others. These countries are subject to relatively high degrees of political and social instability and may lack the infrastructure to withstand natural disasters, health crises and other catastrophe events. Such disruptions could decrease efficiency and increase the Company’s costs, which the Company has experienced during the coronavirus pandemic. Weakness of the United States dollar in relation to the currencies used in these countries may also reduce the savings achievable through this strategy. Furthermore, the practice of utilizing labor based in other countries is subject to heightened scrutiny in the United States and, as a result, the Company could face pressure to decrease its use of labor based outside the United States. Laws or regulations that require the Company to use labor based in the United States or effectively increase the Company’s labor costs abroad also could be enacted. The Company may not be able to pass on these increased costs to its customers.

15.Acquisitions may have an adverse effect on our business

The Company has in the past acquired, and is expected to acquire in the future, other businesses. When businesses are acquired, the Company may not be able to integrate or manage these businesses in such a manner as to realize the anticipated synergies or otherwise produce returns that justify the investment. Acquired businesses, such as the Company’s recent acquisition of ServiceMac, LLC, may subject the Company to increased regulatory or compliance requirements. The Company’s acquisitions have involved, and are likely to continue to involve, the entry into businesses in which the Company’s management has limited prior experience, making the Company reliant on the management team of the acquired business. The Company may not be able to successfully retain employees of acquired businesses or integrate them, and could lose customers, suppliers or other partners as a result of the acquisitions. For these and other reasons, including changes in market conditions, the projections used to value the acquired businesses may prove inaccurate. In addition, the Company might incur unanticipated liabilities from acquisitions. These and other factors related to acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. The Company’s management also will continue to be required to dedicate substantial time and effort to the integration of its acquisitions. These efforts could divert management’s focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and operational matters.

LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE RISK FACTORS

16.Regulatory oversight and changes in government regulation could require the Company to raise capital, make it more difficult to deploy capital, including dividends to shareholders and repurchases of the Company’s shares, prohibit or limit the Company’s operations, make it more costly or burdensome to conduct such operations, result in decreased demand for the Company’s products and services or otherwise adversely affect the Company

Many of the Company’s businesses, including its title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, mortgage servicing and subservicing, banking, trust and wealth management businesses, are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies. These and other of the Company’s businesses also operate within statutory guidelines, which can include requirements to maintain certain licenses at the federal, state and/or local levels. Licenses are in a frequent state of renewal or reexamination, including as regulations change or are reinterpreted. The industry in which the Company operates and the markets into which it sells its products are also regulated and subject to statutory guidelines. In general, in recent years, the Company experienced increasing regulatory oversight and became subject to increasingly complex statutory guidelines.

Regulatory oversight could require the Company to raise capital, and/or make it more difficult to deploy capital, including dividends to shareholders and repurchases of the Company’s shares. For example, regulatory capital requirements for the Company have historically applied only at the subsidiary level, specifically to the Company’s federal savings bank subsidiary and the Company’s insurance underwriter subsidiaries. However, both the National Association of Insurance Commissioners and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System have issued proposals for group capital calculations. These proposals, if finalized and adopted in their current forms, would apply to the Company at the group level and would be in addition to existing subsidiary-level capital requirements. It is possible that the requirements, particularly in an economic downturn, could have the effect of requiring the Company to raise capital and/or making it more difficult to otherwise deploy capital, including dividends to shareholders and repurchases of the Company’s shares.

An increasing number of federal, state, and international laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer, and other processing of personal data, including the California Consumer Privacy Act, the California Privacy Rights Act, the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act and the European Union General Data Protection Regulation. The effects of these privacy and data protection laws, including the cost of compliance and required changes in the manner in which the Company conducts its business, are not fully known and are potentially significant, and the failure to comply could adversely affect the Company. The Company has incurred costs to comply with these laws and to respond to inquiries about its compliance with them.

In addition, changes in the applicable regulatory environment, statutory guidelines or interpretations of existing regulations or statutes; reform of government-sponsored enterprises such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac); enhanced governmental oversight or efforts by governmental agencies to cause customers to refrain from using the Company’s products or services could prohibit or limit its future operations or make it more costly or burdensome to conduct such operations or result in decreased demand for the Company’s products and services or a change in its competitive position. The impact of these changes would be more significant if they involve jurisdictions in which the Company generates a greater portion of its title premiums, such as the states of Arizona, California, Florida, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas. These changes may compel the Company to reduce its prices, may restrict its ability to implement price increases or acquire assets or businesses, may limit the manner in which the Company conducts its business or otherwise may have a negative impact on its ability to generate revenues, earnings and cash flows.

17.Scrutiny of the Company’s businesses and the industries in which it operates by governmental entities and others could adversely affect the Company

The real estate settlement services industry, an industry in which the Company generates a substantial portion of its revenue and earnings, and the mortgage servicing and subservicing industry are subject to continuous scrutiny by regulators, legislators, the media and plaintiffs’ attorneys. Though often directed at these industries generally, these groups also focus their attention directly on the Company’s businesses from time to time. In either case, this scrutiny may result in changes which could adversely affect the Company’s operations and, therefore, its financial condition and liquidity.

Governmental entities have routinely inquired into certain practices in the real estate settlement services industry and the mortgage servicing and subservicing industry to determine whether certain of the Company’s businesses or its competitors have violated applicable laws, which include, among others, the insurance codes of the various jurisdictions, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Truth in Lending Act and similar state, federal and foreign laws. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), for example, has actively utilized its regulatory authority over the mortgage and real estate markets by bringing enforcement actions against various participants in the mortgage and settlement industries and we expect that such enforcement activity will intensify. Departments of insurance in the various states, the CFPB and other federal regulators and applicable regulators in international jurisdictions, either separately or together, also periodically conduct targeted inquiries into the practices of title insurance companies, other settlement services providers and mortgage servicers in their respective jurisdictions. Currently, the Company is the subject of a number of regulatory inquiries.

Further, from time to time plaintiffs’ lawyers have targeted, and are expected to continue to target, the Company and other members of the Company’s industry with lawsuits claiming legal violations or other wrongful conduct. These lawsuits often involve large groups of plaintiffs and claims for substantial damages. These types of inquiries or proceedings have from time to time resulted, and may in the future result, in findings of a violation of the law or other wrongful conduct and the payment of fines or damages or the imposition of restrictions on the Company’s conduct. This could impact the Company’s operations and financial condition. Moreover, these laws and standards of conduct often are ambiguous and, thus, it may be difficult to ensure compliance. This ambiguity may force the Company to mitigate its risk by settling claims or by ending practices that generate revenues, earnings and cash flows. Currently the Company is a party to a number of class action lawsuits.

18.Regulation of title insurance rates could adversely affect the Company

Title insurance rates are subject to extensive regulation, which varies from state to state. In many states the approval of the applicable state insurance regulator is required prior to implementing a rate change. These regulations could hinder the Company’s ability to promptly adapt to changing market dynamics through price adjustments, which could adversely affect its results of operations, particularly in a rapidly declining market.

FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS

19.Failures at financial institutions at which the Company deposits funds could adversely affect the Company

The Company deposits substantial funds in financial institutions. These funds include amounts owned by third parties, such as escrow deposits and like-kind exchange deposits. Should one or more of the financial institutions at which deposits are maintained fail, there is no guarantee that the Company would recover the funds deposited, whether through Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage or otherwise. In the event of any such failure, the Company also could be held liable for the funds owned by third parties.

20.Unfavorable economic or other conditions could cause the Company to write off a portion of its goodwill and other intangible assets

The Company performs an impairment test of the carrying value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets annually in the fourth quarter, or sooner if circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Finite-lived intangible assets are subject to impairment tests on a periodic basis. Factors that may be considered in connection with this review include, without limitation, underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, reductions in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization, increased cost of capital and negative macroeconomic, industry and company-specific trends. These and other factors could lead to a conclusion that goodwill or other intangible assets are impaired, in which case the Company would be required to write off the portion believed to be impaired. In the third quarter of 2020, the Company committed to a plan to sell its property and casualty insurance business, which triggered goodwill and other intangible assets impairment tests. Based on the results of the impairment tests, the Company recorded pretax impairment losses to goodwill and other intangible assets of $34.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively, for the third quarter of 2020. Total goodwill and other intangible assets reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2021 are $1.6 billion. Any substantial goodwill and other intangible asset impairments that may be required could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

21.Uncertainty from the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and transition to any other interest rate benchmark may affect the Company’s cost of capital and net investment income

On March 5, 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, announced that it will stop publishing certain LIBOR rates after December 31, 2021 and all of these widely used reference rates will no longer be available after June 30, 2023. The Company has exposure to LIBOR-based financial instruments, such as LIBOR-based securities held in its investment portfolio. Borrowings under the Company’s $700.0 million senior unsecured credit facility and one of its warehouse credit facilities also are LIBOR-based, although each allows for the use of an unspecified alternative benchmark rate if LIBOR is no longer available. The discontinuance of LIBOR, as well as uncertainty related to the establishment of any alternative reference rate, may adversely affect the Company’s cost of capital and the market for LIBOR-based securities, which could have an adverse impact on the earnings from or value of the Company’s investment portfolio. At this time, the Company cannot predict the overall effect of the discontinuation of LIBOR or the establishment of any alternative benchmark rate.

22.The Company’s investment portfolio is subject to certain risks and could experience losses

The Company maintains a substantial investment portfolio, primarily consisting of fixed income debt securities. The investment portfolio also includes adjustable-rate debt securities, common and preferred stock, as well as money-market and other short-term investments. Securities in the Company’s investment portfolio are subject to certain economic and financial market risks, such as credit risk, interest rate (including call, prepayment and extension) risk and/or liquidity risk. The risk of loss associated with the portfolio is increased during periods of instability in credit markets and economic conditions, such as during the coronavirus pandemic. Debt and equity securities are carried at fair value on the Company’s balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of debt securities is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income/loss on the balance sheet. For debt securities in an unrealized loss position, where the loss is determined to be due to credit-related factors, the Company records the loss in earnings. Changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized in earnings. Changes in the fair values of securities in the Company’s investment portfolio have had an adverse impact on the Company and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, statutory surplus, financial condition and cash flow.

23.The Company’s venture capital portfolio is volatile and subject to certain risks and could experience losses

Investments in non-marketable equity securities reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2021 totaled $379.5 million, a substantial majority of which are investments in the equity of private venture-stage companies that operate in the real-estate industry and related industries and many of which offer technology-enabled products and services. These venture-stage investments are managed independent of the Company’s investment portfolio. The Company is likely to continue to make similar investments. These positions are concentrated in a small number of holdings and are high-risk, illiquid investments. In certain circumstances, such as when one or more of these companies raise capital, merge with another company or sells itself at a valuation that is less than the valuation at which the Company made its investment or when one or more of these companies fails and/or liquidates itself, the Company could be required to impair all or part of its investment in the company or companies. The prospects of these companies depend on a number of factors, including the condition of the general economy, the general availability of capital, the performance of and volatility in the public markets, the regulatory and political environments, the condition of the real estate industry, the competitive environment for such companies and the operational and financial performance of such companies. Even if one of these companies is successful, the Company’s ability to realize the value of its investment may take a significant amount of time and may be dependent on the occurrence of a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or the sale of the company. Even when a liquidity event occurs, the Company may be subject to restrictions on resale, such as with its holdings in Offerpad Solutions Inc., or may choose to continue to hold the investment for strategic or other reasons and, as a result, the Company may not monetize the value of its investment during periods in which it could be financially advantageous to sell the investment. These investments are expected from time to time to cause material fluctuations in the Company’s quarterly results of operations due to the recognition of gains or losses in connection with observable price changes, such as from liquidity events, subsequent equity sales, or price changes in investments that begin trading publicly, which changes can be volatile. These impairments and fluctuations may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

Offerpad Solutions Inc., one of the Company’s investments, began trading publicly during the third quarter of 2021 and, subsequently, the fair value of Offerpad’s equity securities recognized in the Company’s earnings has and will fluctuate as Offerpad’s trading price changes. The Company holds a large position in Offerpad and significant fluctuations in the fair value of Offerpad’s securities could be material to the Company’s earnings in any given quarter.

24.Actual claims experience could materially vary from the expected claims experience reflected in the Company’s reserve for incurred but not reported claims

The Company maintains a reserve for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims pertaining to its title, escrow and other insurance and guarantee products. The majority of this reserve pertains to title insurance policies, which are long-duration contracts with the majority of the claims reported within the first few years following the issuance of the policy. Generally, 70% to 80% of claim amounts become known in the first six years of the policy life, and the majority of IBNR reserves relate to the six most recent policy years. Changes in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for recent policy years are considered likely and could result in a material adjustment to the IBNR reserves. Based on historical experience, management believes a 50 basis point change to the loss rates for recent policy years, positive or negative, is reasonably likely given the long duration nature of a title insurance policy. In uncertain economic times, such as those experienced as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, an even larger change is more likely. As examples, if the expected ultimate losses for each of the last six policy years increased or decreased by 50 basis points, the resulting impact on the Company’s IBNR reserve would be an increase or decrease, as the case may be, of $144.4 million, and if expected ultimate losses for those same years were to fluctuate by 100 basis points, the resulting impact would be $288.8 million. A material change in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for older policy years is also possible, particularly for policy years with loss ratios exceeding historical norms. The estimates made by management in determining the appropriate level of IBNR reserves could ultimately prove to be materially different from actual claims experience.

Changes in laws or regulations impacting real estate, particularly when applied retroactively, may cause a material change in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for recent and/or older policy years. For example, the 2020 United States Supreme Court decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma calls into question the governing authority for certain real estate-related matters in Native American reservations once thought to have been disestablished. To the extent the Company, in those areas, underwrote title insurance policies or closed real estate transactions in conformity with authority that ultimately proves inapplicable, expected ultimate losses arising from those policies and transactions could change materially and could result in a material change to loss rates.

25.As a holding company, the Company depends on distributions from its subsidiaries, and if distributions from its subsidiaries are materially impaired, the Company’s ability to declare and pay dividends may be adversely affected; in addition, insurance and other regulations limit the amount of dividends, loans and advances available from the Company’s insurance subsidiaries

The Company is a holding company whose primary assets are investments in its operating subsidiaries. The Company’s ability to pay dividends is dependent on the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends or repay funds. If the Company’s operating subsidiaries are not able to pay dividends or repay funds, the Company may not be able to fulfill parent company obligations and/or declare and pay dividends to its stockholders. Moreover, pursuant to insurance and other regulations under which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries operate, the amount of dividends, loans and advances available is limited. As of September 30, 2021, under such regulations, the maximum amount available in 2021 from these insurance subsidiaries, without prior approval from applicable regulators, was dividends of $438.7 million and loans and advances of $116.3 million.

GENERAL RISK FACTORS

26.Certain provisions of the Company’s bylaws and certificate of incorporation may reduce the likelihood of any unsolicited acquisition proposal or potential change of control that the Company’s stockholders might consider favorable

The Company’s bylaws and certificate of incorporation contain provisions that could be considered “anti-takeover” provisions because they make it harder for a third-party to acquire the Company without the consent of the Company’s incumbent board of directors. Under these provisions:

•

election of the Company’s board of directors is staggered such that only one-third of the directors are elected by the stockholders each year and the directors serve three year terms prior to reelection;

•

stockholders may not remove directors without cause, change the size of the board of directors or, except as may be provided for in the terms of preferred stock the Company issues in the future, fill vacancies on the board of directors;

•

stockholders may act only at stockholder meetings and not by written consent;

•

stockholders must comply with advance notice provisions for nominating directors or presenting other proposals at stockholder meetings; and

•

the Company’s board of directors may without stockholder approval issue preferred shares and determine their rights and terms, including voting rights, or adopt a stockholder rights plan.

While the Company believes that they are appropriate, these provisions, which may only be amended by the affirmative vote of the holders of approximately 67% of the Company’s issued voting shares, could have the effect of discouraging an unsolicited acquisition proposal or delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be considered favorably by the Company’s stockholders.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company did not issue any unregistered common stock.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Pursuant to the share repurchase program initially announced by the Company on November 4, 2020 and expanded on August 24, 2021, which program has no expiration date, the Company may repurchase up to $600.0 million of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. The following table describes purchases by the Company under the share repurchase program that settled during each period set forth in the table. Prices in column (b) include commissions. Cumulatively, as of September 30, 2021, the Company had repurchased $136.9 million (including commissions) of its shares authorized under the program and had the authority to repurchase an additional $463.1 million (including commissions) under that program.

Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased		(b) Average Price Paid per Share		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d) Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021		—	$	—		—	$	177,208,200
August 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021		73,586		67.22		73,586		472,261,682
September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021		135,113		67.45		135,113		463,148,862
Total		208,699	$	67.37		208,699	$	463,148,862

Item 6.

Exhibits.

Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which any director or named executive officer of First American Financial Corporation, as defined by Item 402(a)(3) of Regulation S-K (17 C.F.R. §229.402(a)(3)), participates that is included among the exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index is identified on the Exhibit Index by an asterisk (*).

Exhibit No.	Description	Location

3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of First American Financial Corporation dated May 28, 2010.	Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 1, 2010.

3.2	Bylaws of First American Financial Corporation, effective as of April 20, 2021.	Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 3.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed April 23, 2021.

31(a)	Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	Attached.

31(b)	Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	Attached.

32(a)	Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.	Attached.

32(b)	Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.	Attached.

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	N/A.

101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	Attached.

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	Attached.

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	Attached.

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	Attached.

101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	Attached.

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).	N/A.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION (Registrant)

Date: October 22, 2021	By	/s/ Dennis J. Gilmore
		Dennis J. Gilmore
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: October 22, 2021	By	/s/ Mark E. Seaton
		Mark E. Seaton
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)