FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES INC - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

Commission file number 0-7674

FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(325) 627-7155

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

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PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

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PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The consolidated balance sheets of First Financial Bankshares, Inc. (the “Company” or “we”) at September 30, 2017 and 2016 and December 31, 2016, and the consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, follow on pages 4 through 8.

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FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS - (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS - (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in thousands)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.    

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FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in thousands)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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FIRST FINANCIAL BANKSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, a Texas corporation and a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or BHCA, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries: First Financial Bank, National Association, Abilene, Texas; First Technology Services, Inc.; First Financial Trust & Asset Management Company, National Association; First Financial Investments, Inc.; and First Financial Insurance Agency, Inc.

Through our subsidiary bank, we conduct a full-service commercial banking business. Our banking centers are located primarily in Central, North Central, Southeast and West Texas. As of September 30, 2017, we had 69 financial centers across Texas, with eleven locations in Abilene, three locations in San Angelo and Weatherford, two locations in Cleburne, Conroe, Stephenville and Granbury, and one location each in Acton, Albany, Aledo, Alvarado, Beaumont, Boyd, Bridgeport, Brock, Burleson, Cisco, Clyde, Cut and Shoot, Decatur, Eastland, Fort Worth, Glen Rose, Grapevine, Hereford, Huntsville, Keller, Magnolia, Mauriceville, Merkel, Midlothian, Mineral Wells, Montgomery, Moran, New Waverly, Newton, Odessa, Orange, Port Arthur, Ranger, Rising Star, Roby, Southlake, Sweetwater, Tomball, Trent, Trophy Club, Vidor, Waxahachie, Willis and Willow Park, all in Texas. Our trust subsidiary has seven locations which are located in Abilene, Fort Worth, Odessa, Beaumont, San Angelo, Stephenville and Sweetwater.

In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and unaudited results of operations and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2016. All adjustments were of a normal recurring nature. However, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017, due to seasonality, changes in economic conditions and loan credit quality, interest rate fluctuations, regulatory and legislative changes and other factors. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the financial statement date. Actual results could vary. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted under U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and regulations. The Company evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

Goodwill and other intangible assets are evaluated annually for impairment as of the end of the second quarter. No such impairment has been noted in connection with the current or any prior evaluations.

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Note 2 - Stock Repurchase

On July 25, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 2,000,000 common shares through September 30, 2020. Previously, the Board had authorized the repurchase of up to 1,500,000 common shares through September 30, 2017. The shares buyback plan authorizes management to repurchase the shares at such time as repurchases are considered beneficial to shareholders. Any repurchase of shares will be made through the open market, block trades or in privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Under the repurchase plan, there is no minimum number of shares that the Company is required to repurchase. Through October 27, 2017, no shares were repurchased under this authorization or the previous authorization.

Note 3 - Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the periods presented. In computing diluted earnings per common share for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company assumes that all dilutive outstanding options to purchase common shares have been exercised at the beginning of the period (or the time of issuance, if later). The dilutive effect of the outstanding options and the restricted shares is reflected by application of the treasury stock method, whereby the proceeds from exercised options and restricted shares are assumed to be used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the respective periods. The weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing basic earnings per common share for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were 66,140,518 and 66,023,069 shares, respectively. The weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing basic earnings per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were 66,104,914 and 66,004,797 shares, respectively. The weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing fully diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were 66,417,281 and 66,147,202 shares, respectively. The weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing fully diluted earnings per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were 66,392,210 and 66,135,918 shares, respectively.

Note 4 - Interest-bearing Time Deposits in Banks and Securities

Interest-bearing time deposits in banks totaled $1,458,000, $1,707,000 and $1,707,000 at September 30, 2017 and 2016 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and have original maturities generally ranging from one to two years.

Management classifies debt and equity securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading based on its intent. Debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and recorded at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, which are recognized as adjustments to interest income using the interest method. Securities not classified as held-to-maturity or trading are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value, with all unrealized gains and unrealized losses judged to be temporary, net of deferred income taxes, excluded from earnings and reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive earnings. Available-for-sale securities that have unrealized losses that are judged other-than-temporary are included in gain (loss) on sale of securities and a new cost basis is established. Securities classified as trading are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

The Company records its available-for-sale and trading securities portfolio at fair value. Fair values of these securities are determined based on methodologies in accordance with current authoritative accounting guidance. Fair values are volatile and may be influenced by a number of factors, including market interest rates, prepayment speeds, discount rates, credit ratings and yield curves. Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on the quoted prices of similar instruments or an estimate of fair value by using a range of fair value estimates in the market place as a result of the illiquid market specific to the type of security.

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When the fair value of a security is below its amortized cost, and depending on the length of time the condition exists and the extent the fair value is below amortized cost, additional analysis is performed to determine whether an other-than-temporary impairment condition exists. Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities are analyzed quarterly for possible other-than-temporary impairment. The analysis considers (i) whether we have the intent to sell our securities prior to recovery and/or maturity, (ii) whether it is more likely than not that we will have to sell our securities prior to recovery and/or maturity, (iii) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, and (iv) the financial condition of the issuer. Often, the information available to conduct these assessments is limited and rapidly changing, making estimates of fair value subject to judgment. If actual information or conditions are different than estimated, the extent of the impairment of the security may be different than previously estimated, which could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company’s investment portfolio consists of U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of U.S. government sponsored enterprises and agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, mortgage pass-through securities, corporate bonds and general obligation or revenue based municipal bonds. Pricing for such securities is generally readily available and transparent in the market. The Company utilizes independent third-party pricing services to value its investment securities, which the Company reviews as well as the underlying pricing methodologies for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with pricing matrices. The Company validates quarterly, on a sample basis, prices supplied by the independent pricing services by comparison to prices obtained from other third-party sources.

A summary of the Company’s available-for-sale securities follows (in thousands):

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Disclosures related to the Company’s held-to-maturity securities, which totaled $129,000 and $121,000 at September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2016, respectively, have not been presented due to insignificance. There were no held-to-maturity securities owned by the Company at September 30, 2017.

The Company invests in mortgage-backed securities that have expected maturities that differ from their contractual maturities. These differences arise because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without a prepayment penalty. These securities include collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) and other asset backed securities. The expected maturities of these securities at September 30, 2017 were computed by using scheduled amortization of balances and historical prepayment rates. At September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, the Company did not hold CMOs that entail higher risks than standard mortgage-backed securities.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2017, by contractual and expected maturity, are shown below (in thousands):

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The following tables disclose, as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, the Company’s investment securities that have been in a continuous unrealized-loss position for less than 12 months and for 12 or more months (in thousands):

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The number of investments in an unrealized loss position totaled 179 at September 30, 2017. We do not believe these unrealized losses are “other-than-temporary” as (i) we do not have the intent to sell our securities prior to recovery and/or maturity and (ii) it is more likely than not that we will not have to sell our securities prior to recovery and/or maturity. In making this determination, we also consider the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than cost and the financial condition of the issuer. The unrealized losses noted are interest rate related due to the level of interest rates at September 30, 2017 compared to the time of purchase. We have reviewed the ratings of the issuers and have not identified any issues related to the ultimate repayment of principal as a result of credit concerns on these securities. Our mortgage related securities are backed by GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC or are collateralized by securities backed by these agencies. At September 30, 2017, 82.70% of our available-for-sale securities that are obligations of states and political subdivisions were issued within the State of Texas, of which 31.16% are guaranteed by the Texas Permanent School Fund.

At September 30, 2017, $1,787,958,000 of the Company’s securities were pledged as collateral for public or trust fund deposits, repurchase agreements and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

During the quarters ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, sales of investment securities that were classified as available-for-sale totaled $83,605,000 and $7,410,000, respectively. Gross realized gains from security sales during the third quarter of 2017 and 2016 totaled $1,750,000 and $239,000, respectively. Gross realized losses from security sales during the third quarter of 2017 totaled $675,000. There were no gross realized losses during the third quarter of 2016.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, sale of investment securities were classified as available-for-sale totaled $120,576,000 and $20,792,000, respectively. Gross realized gains from security sales during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 totaled $2,550,000 and $1,158,000, respectively. Gross realized losses from security sales during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 totaled $725,000 and $5,000, respectively.

The specific identification method was used to determine cost in order to compute the realized gains and losses.

Note 5 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans held for investment are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by unearned income and an allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is calculated by using the simple interest method on daily balances of the principal amounts outstanding. The Company defers and amortizes net loan origination fees and costs as an adjustment to yield. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes the collectability of the principal is unlikely.

The Company has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income with an acceptable level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies and procedures on an annual basis and makes changes as appropriate. Management receives and reviews monthly reports related to loan originations, quality, concentrations, delinquencies, nonperforming and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions, both by type of loan and geographic location.

Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and effectively. Underwriting standards are designed to determine whether the borrower possesses sound business ethics and practices and to evaluate current and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, and include personal guarantees.

Agricultural loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans. These agricultural loans are based primarily on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most agricultural loans are secured by the agriculture related assets being financed, such as farm land, cattle or equipment, and include personal guarantees.

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Real estate loans are also subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and agricultural loans. These loans are underwritten primarily based on projected cash flows and, secondarily, as loans secured by real estate. The repayment of real estate loans is generally largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loans or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company’s real estate portfolio are generally diverse in terms of type and geographic location within Texas. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry. Generally, real estate loans are owner occupied which further reduces the Company’s risk.

Consumer loan underwriting utilizes methodical credit standards and analysis to supplement the Company’s underwriting policies and procedures. The Company’s loan policy addresses types of consumer loans that may be originated and the collateral, if secured, which must be perfected. The relatively smaller individual dollar amounts of consumer loans that are spread over numerous individual borrowers also minimize the Company’s risk.

The allowance for loan losses is an amount which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses that are inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is comprised of three elements: (i) specific reserves determined based on probable losses on specific classified loans; (ii) a historical valuation reserve component that considers historical loss rates; and (iii) qualitative reserves based upon general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. The allowance for loan losses is increased by charges to income and decreased by charge-offs (net of recoveries). Management’s periodic evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance is based on general economic conditions, the financial condition of borrowers, the value and liquidity of collateral, delinquency, prior loan loss experience, and the results of periodic reviews of the portfolio. For purposes of determining our historical valuation reserve, the loan portfolio, less cash secured loans, government guaranteed loans and classified loans, is multiplied by the Company’s historical loss rate. Specific allocations are increased or decreased in accordance with deterioration or improvement in credit quality and a corresponding increase or decrease in risk of loss on a particular loan. In addition, we adjust our allowance for qualitative factors such as current local economic conditions and trends, including, without limitations, unemployment, oil and gas prices, flood and drought conditions, changes in lending staff, policies and procedures, changes in credit concentrations, changes in the trends and severity of problem loans and changes in trends in volume and terms of loans. This qualitative reserve serves to estimate for additional areas of losses inherent in our portfolio that are not reflected in our historic loss factors.

Although we believe we use the best information available to make loan loss allowance determinations, future adjustments could be necessary if circumstances or economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making our initial determinations. A decline in the economy and employment rates could result in increased levels of non-performing assets and charge-offs, increased loan provisions and reductions in income. Additionally, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance for loan losses and methodology and could require, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, additional provisions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgment of information available to them at the time of their examination as well as changes to our methodology.

Accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan and payments are applied to principal when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful. Except consumer loans, generally all loans past due greater than 90 days, based on contractual terms, are placed on non-accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Consumer loans are generally charged-off when a loan becomes past due 90 days. For other loans in the portfolio, facts and circumstances are evaluated in making charge-off decisions.

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Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, management determines that it is probable we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectable.

The Company’s policy requires measurement of the allowance for an impaired, collateral dependent loan based on the fair value of the collateral. Other loan impairments for non-collateral dependent loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows or the loan’s observable market price. At September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, all significant impaired loans have been determined to be collateral dependent and the allowance for loss has been measured utilizing the estimated fair value of the collateral less costs to sell.

From time to time, the Company modifies its loan agreement with a borrower. A modified loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring when two conditions are met: (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (ii) concessions are made by the Company that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower with similar credit risk characteristics. Modifications to loan terms may include a lower interest rate, a reduction of principal, or a longer term to maturity. For all impaired loans, including the Company’s troubled debt restructurings, the Company performs a periodic, well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment to assess the likelihood that all principal and interest payments required under the terms of the agreement will be collected in full. When doubt exists about the ultimate collectability of principal and interest, the troubled debt restructuring remains on non-accrual status and payments received are applied to reduce principal to the extent necessary to eliminate such doubt. This determination of accrual status is judgmental and is based on facts and circumstances related to each troubled debt restructuring. Each of these loans is individually evaluated for impairment and a specific reserve is recorded based on probable losses, taking into consideration the related collateral, modified loan terms and cash flow. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, substantially all of the Company’s troubled debt restructured loans are included in the non-accrual totals.

The Company originates certain mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market. Accordingly, these loans are classified as held-for-sale and are carried at the lower of cost or fair value on an aggregate basis. The mortgage loan sales contracts contain indemnification clauses should the loans default, generally in the first three to nine months, or if documentation is determined not to be in compliance with regulations. The Company’s historic losses as a result of these indemnities have been insignificant.

Loans acquired, including loans acquired in a business combination, are initially recorded at fair value with no valuation allowance. Acquired loans are segregated between those considered to be credit impaired and those deemed performing. To make this determination, management considers such factors as past due status, non-accrual status and credit risk ratings. The fair value of acquired performing loans is determined by discounting expected cash flows, both principal and interest, at prevailing market interest rates. The difference between the fair value and principal balances at acquisition date, the fair value discount, is accreted into interest income over the estimated life of the acquired loan portfolio.

Purchased credit impaired loans are those loans that showed evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts contractually owed. Their acquisition fair value, which includes a credit component at the acquisition date, was based on the estimate of cash flows, both principal and interest, expected to be collected or estimated collateral values if cash flows are not estimable, discounted at prevailing market rates of interest. The difference between the discounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan is recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan, unless management was unable to reasonably forecast cash flows in which case the loans were placed on

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nonaccrual. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the cash flows expected at acquisition are not recognized as a yield adjustment. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows subsequent to acquisition are recognized as impairment. Valuation allowances on these impaired loans reflect only losses incurred after the acquisition. The carrying amount of purchased credit impaired loans at September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, was $736,000, $1,853,000 and $1,256,000, respectively, compared to a contractual balance of $932,000, $2,528,000, and $1,865,000, respectively. Other purchased credit impaired loan disclosures were omitted due to immateriality.

Loans held-for-investment by class of financing receivables are as follows (in thousands):    

Loans held for sale totaled $19,119,000, $31,591,000 and $26,898,000 at September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, respectively, which are valued using the lower of cost or fair value.

The Company’s non-accrual loans, loans still accruing and past due 90 days or more and restructured loans are as follows (in thousands):

*Includes $736,000, $1,853,000 and $1,256,000 of purchased credit impaired loans as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

**Troubled debt restructured loans of $5,277,000, $7,513,000 and $6,863,000, whose interest collection, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, is doubtful are included in non-accrual loans at September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Company’s recorded investment in impaired loans and the related valuation allowance are as follows (in thousands):

The Company had $22,076,000, $34,938,000 and $29,000,000 in non-accrual, past due 90 days or more and still accruing, restructured loans and foreclosed assets at September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, respectively. Non-accrual loans at September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, consisted of the following by class of financing receivables (in thousands):

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No significant additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans as of September 30, 2017.

The Company’s impaired loans and related allowance as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016, are summarized in the following tables by class of financing receivables (in thousands). No interest income was recognized on impaired loans subsequent to their classification as impaired.

*Includes $736,000 of purchased credit impaired loans.

*Includes $1,853,000 of purchased credit impaired loans.

*Includes $1,256,000 of purchased credit impaired loans.

The Company recognized interest income on impaired loans prior to being recognized as impaired of approximately $829,000 during the year ended December 31, 2016. Such amounts for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were not significant.

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From a credit risk standpoint, the Company rates its loans in one of four categories: (i) pass, (ii) special mention, (iii) substandard or (iv) doubtful. Loans rated as loss are charged-off.

The ratings of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on our credits as part of our on-going monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolio. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that are felt to be inherent in each credit as of each reporting period. Our methodology is structured so that specific allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss).

Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness, however, such concerns are not so pronounced that the Company generally expects to experience significant loss within the short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits rated more harshly.

Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed.

Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss. Credits rated doubtful are generally also placed on non-accrual.

The following summarizes the Company’s internal ratings of its loans held-for-investment by class of financing receivables and portfolio segments, which are the same, at September 30, 2017 and 2016, and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):