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FIRST HORIZON CORP - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________________  
FORM 10-Q
_____________________________________
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from         to                     
Commission File Number 001-15185
____________________________________ 
First Horizon Corporation.jpg

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 ______________________________________  
TN 62-0803242
(State or other jurisdiction
incorporation of organization)
 (IRS Employer
Identification No.)
165 Madison Avenue
Memphis,Tennessee 38103
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (901) 523-4444

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Exchange on which Registered
$.625 Par Value Common Capital Stock FHNNew York Stock Exchange LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in
a share of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B
FHN PR BNew York Stock Exchange LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in
a share of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C
FHN PR CNew York Stock Exchange LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/400th interest in
a share of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D
FHN PR DNew York Stock Exchange LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/4,000th interest in
a share of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E
FHN PR ENew York Stock Exchange LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/4,000th interest in
a share of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F
FHN PR FNew York Stock Exchange LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated FilerAccelerated filer Non-accelerated filer 
Smaller reporting companyEmerging Growth Company  
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class  
Outstanding on October 31, 2023
Common Stock, $.625 par value  558,769,520


10-Q REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents


GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS & TERMS


Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
The following is a list of common acronyms and terms used throughout this report:
ACLAllowance for credit losses
AFSAvailable for sale
AIRAccrued interest receivable
ALCOAsset/Liability Committee
ALLLAllowance for loan and lease losses
ALMAsset/liability management
AOCIAccumulated other comprehensive income
ASCFASB Accounting Standards Codification
AssociatePerson employed by FHN
ASUAccounting Standards Update
BankFirst Horizon Bank
BOLIBank-owned life insurance
C&ICommercial, financial, and industrial loan portfolio
CBFCapital Bank Financial
CECLCurrent expected credit loss
CEOChief Executive Officer
CMOCollateralized mortgage obligations
CompanyFirst Horizon Corporation
CorporationFirst Horizon Corporation
CRECommercial Real Estate
CRMCCredit Risk Management Committee
DTADeferred tax asset
DTLDeferred tax liability
EADExposure as default
EPSEarnings per share
Fannie MaeFederal National Mortgage Association
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal ReserveFederal Reserve Board
FHAFederal Housing Administration
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
FHNFirst Horizon Corporation
FHNFFHN Financial; FHN's fixed income division
FICOFair Isaac Corporation
First HorizonFirst Horizon Corporation
FRBFederal Reserve Bank or the Federal Reserve Board
Freddie MacFederal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FTEFully taxable equivalent
GAAPGenerally accepted accounting principles (U.S.)
GHG
Greenhouse Gas
GNMAGovernment National Mortgage Association or Ginnie Mae
GSEGovernment sponsored enterprises, in this report references Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
HELOCHome equity line of credit
HFSHeld for Sale
HTMHeld to maturity
IBKCIBERIABANK Corporation
IBKC mergerFHN's merger of equals with IBKC that closed July 2020
ISDAInternational Swap and Derivatives Association
IRSInternal Revenue Service
LGDLoss given default
LIBORLondon Inter-Bank Offered Rate
LIHTCLow Income Housing Tax Credit
LLCLimited Liability Company
LMCLoans to mortgage companies
LOCOMLower of cost or market
LRRDLoan Rehab and Recovery Department
LTVLoan-to-value
MBSMortgage-backed securities
MD&AManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
NAICSNorth American Industry Classification System
NIINet interest income
NMNot meaningful
NMTCNew Market Tax Credit
NPANonperforming asset
Non-PCDNon-Purchased Credit Deteriorated Financial Assets
NPLNonperforming loan
OREOOther Real Estate Owned
PCAOBPublic Company Accounting Oversight Board
PCDPurchased credit deteriorated financial assets
PCIPurchased credit impaired
PDProbability of default
PMPortfolio managers
PPPPaycheck Protection Program
PSUPerformance Stock Unit
REReal estate
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS & TERMS


RMRelationship managers
ROAReturn on assets
RPLReasonably possible loss
SBASmall Business Administration
SECSecurities and Exchange Commission
SOFRSecure Overnight Funding Rate
SVaRStressed Value-at-Risk
TDThe Toronto-Dominion Bank
TD Merger AgreementMerger agreement between FHN, TD, and certain TD subsidiaries, which the parties mutually terminated on May 4, 2023
TD TransactionThe merger transactions contemplated by the TD Merger Agreement
TDRTroubled Debt Restructuring
TRUPTrust preferred loan
UPBUnpaid principal balance
USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture
VaRValue-at-Risk
VIEVariable Interest Entities
we / us / ourFirst Horizon Corporation

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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND NON-GAAP INFORMATION
Forward-Looking Statements
This report, including material incorporated into it, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements pertain to FHN's beliefs, plans, goals, expectations, and estimates. Forward-looking statements are not a representation of historical information, but instead pertain to future operations, strategies, financial results, or other developments. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “should,” “is likely,” “will,” “going forward,” and other expressions that indicate future events and trends.
Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, operational, economic, and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond FHN’s control, and many of which, with respect to future business decisions and actions (including acquisitions and divestitures), are subject to change and could cause FHN’s actual future results and outcomes to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements or historical performance. Examples of uncertainties and contingencies include, among other important factors:
global, general and local economic and business conditions, including economic recession or depression;
the stability or volatility of values and activity in the residential housing and commercial real estate markets;
potential requirements for FHN to repurchase, or compensate for losses from, previously sold or securitized mortgages or securities based on such mortgages;
potential claims alleging mortgage servicing failures, individually, on a class basis, or as master servicer of securitized loans;
potential claims relating to participation in government programs, especially lending or other financial services programs;
expectations of and actual timing and amount of interest rate movements, including the slope and shape of the yield curve, which can have a significant impact on a financial services institution;
market and monetary fluctuations, including fluctuations in mortgage markets;
the financial condition of borrowers and other counterparties;
competition within and outside the financial services industry;
the occurrence of natural or man-made disasters, global pandemics, conflicts, or terrorist attacks, or other adverse external events;
effectiveness and cost-efficiency of FHN’s hedging practices;
fraud, theft, or other incursions through conventional, electronic, or other means directly or indirectly affecting FHN or its clients, business counterparties, or competitors;
the ability to adapt products and services to changing industry standards and client preferences;
risks inherent in originating, selling, servicing, and holding loans and loan-based assets, including prepayment risks, pricing concessions, fluctuation in U.S. housing and other real estate prices, fluctuation of collateral values, and changes in client profiles;
changes in the regulation of the U.S. financial services industry;
changes in laws, regulations, and administrative actions, including executive orders, whether or not specific to the financial services industry;
changes in accounting policies, standards, and interpretations;
evolving capital and liquidity standards under applicable regulatory rules;
accounting policies and processes that require management to make estimates about matters that are uncertain;
any adverse effect on FHN resulting from the termination of the TD Transaction;
the outcome of any legal proceedings that have been or may be instituted against FHN, including litigation against FHN or its directors or officers related to the TD Transaction or the TD Merger Agreement;
reputational risk and potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the termination of the TD Transaction;
deposit withdrawals and volatility and declines in the price of FHN's common stock as a result of market stress in the regional banking sector;
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND NON-GAAP INFORMATION
the impact of any assessments made by the FDIC in connection with the resolutions of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank; and
other factors that may affect the future results of FHN.
FHN assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements that are made in this report or in any other statement, release, report, or filing from time to time. Actual results could differ and FHN’s estimates and expectations could change, possibly materially, because of one or more factors, including those factors listed above or presented elsewhere in this report or those factors listed in material incorporated by reference into this report. In evaluating forward-looking statements and assessing FHN’s prospects, readers of this report should carefully consider the factors mentioned above along with the additional risk and uncertainty factors discussed in Item 1A of Part II of this report and in the forepart, and in Items 1, 1A, and 7, of FHN’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, among others.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND NON-GAAP INFORMATION
Non-GAAP Information
Certain measures included in this report are “non-GAAP,” meaning they are not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and also are not codified in U.S. banking regulations currently applicable to FHN. Although other entities may use calculation methods that differ from those used by FHN for non-GAAP measures, FHN’s management believes such measures are relevant to understanding the financial condition, capital position, and financial results of FHN and its business segments. Non-GAAP measures are reported to FHN’s management and Board of Directors through various internal reports.

The non-GAAP measures presented in this report are: pre-provision net revenue, return on average tangible common equity, tangible common equity to tangible assets, adjusted tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets, and tangible book value per common share. Table I.2.24 appearing in the MD&A (Item 2 of Part I) of this report provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP items presented in this report to the most comparable GAAP presentation.

Presentation of regulatory measures, even those which are not GAAP, provide a meaningful base for comparability to other financial institutions subject to the same regulations as FHN, as demonstrated by their use by banking regulators in reviewing capital adequacy of financial institutions. Although not GAAP terms, these regulatory measures are not considered “non-GAAP” under U.S. financial reporting rules as long as their presentation conforms to regulatory standards. Regulatory measures used in this report include: common equity tier 1 capital, generally defined as common equity less goodwill, other intangibles, and certain other required regulatory deductions; tier 1 capital, generally defined as the sum of core capital (including common equity and instruments that cannot be redeemed at the option of the holder) adjusted for certain items under risk based capital regulations; and risk-weighted assets, which is a measure of total on- and off-balance sheet assets adjusted for credit and market risk, used to determine regulatory capital ratios.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Financial Statements
 33

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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
September 30,December 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)20232022
Assets
Cash and due from banks$1,022 $1,061 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks1,917 1,384 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell416 482 
Trading securities1,231 1,375 
Securities available for sale at fair value8,100 8,836 
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $1,104 and $1,209, respectively)
1,335 1,371 
Loans held for sale (including $88 and $51 at fair value, respectively)
613 590 
Loans and leases61,778 58,102 
Allowance for loan and lease losses(760)(685)
Net loans and leases61,018 57,417 
Premises and equipment590 612 
Goodwill 1,511 1,511 
Other intangible assets198 234 
Other assets4,582 4,080 
Total assets$82,533 $78,953 
Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits$17,825 $23,466 
Interest-bearing deposits49,190 40,023 
Total deposits67,015 63,489 
Trading liabilities366 335 
Short-term borrowings2,507 2,506 
Term borrowings1,157 1,597 
Other liabilities2,695 2,479 
Total liabilities73,740 70,406 
Equity
Preferred stock, Non-cumulative perpetual, no par value; authorized 5,000,000 shares; issued 26,750 and 31,686 shares, respectively
520 1,014 
Common stock, $0.625 par value; authorized 700,000,000 shares; issued 558,708,832 and 537,100,615 shares, respectively
349 336 
Capital surplus5,337 4,840 
Retained earnings3,874 3,430 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(1,582)(1,368)
FHN shareholders' equity8,498 8,252 
Noncontrolling interest295 295 
Total equity8,793 8,547 
Total liabilities and equity$82,533 $78,953 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (Unaudited)2023202220232022
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans and leases$941 $617 $2,624 $1,553 
Interest and fees on loans held for sale15 40 30 
Interest on investment securities62 54 186 137 
Interest on trading securities19 15 57 39 
Interest on other earning assets43 38 107 68 
Total interest income1,080 733 3,014 1,827 
Interest expense
Interest on deposits409 43 845 72 
Interest on trading liabilities3 8 
Interest on short-term borrowings46 182 10 
Interest on term borrowings17 18 56 53 
Total interest expense475 71 1,091 144 
Net interest income605 662 1,923 1,683 
Provision for credit losses110 60 210 50 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses495 602 1,713 1,633 
Noninterest income
Deposit transactions and cash management46 43 133 129 
Fixed income28 46 97 170 
Brokerage, management fees and commissions21 23 66 71 
Card and digital banking fees20 21 61 64 
Other service charges and fees 14 13 41 41 
Trust services and investment management12 11 35 36 
Mortgage banking and title income7 18 65 
Deferred compensation income (3)11 (24)
Gain on merger termination — 225 — 
Securities gains (losses), net 12 1 18 
Other income25 38 57 72 
Total noninterest income173 213 745 642 
Noninterest expense
Personnel expense266 275 821 820 
Net occupancy expense30 32 92 96 
Computer software26 28 82 85 
Operations services21 22 65 65 
Advertising and public relations16 12 47 34 
Deposit insurance expense14 40 23 
Legal and professional fees13 10 33 50 
Contract employment and outsourcing12 12 36 43 
Amortization of intangible assets12 13 36 39 
Equipment expense11 11 32 34 
Communications and delivery8 10 27 28 
Contributions3 60 5
Other expense42 33 137 128 
Total noninterest expense474 469 1,508 1,450 
Income before income taxes194 346 950 825 
Income tax expense52 78 223 183 
Net income$142 $268 $727 $642 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest5 14 
Net income attributable to controlling interest$137 $265 $713 $634 
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (continued)
Preferred stock dividends8 24 24 
Net income available to common shareholders$129 $257 $689 $610 
Basic earnings per common share$0.23 $0.48 $1.26 $1.14 
Diluted earnings per common share $0.23 $0.45 $1.23 $1.08 
Weighted average common shares558,559 535,986 544,952 534,613 
Diluted average common shares561,421 570,153 561,930 563,538 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)2023202220232022
Net income$142 $268 $727 $642 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale(206)(368)(197)(1,003)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges(20)(99)(22)(142)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on pension and other postretirement plans3 5 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(223)(464)(214)(1,139)
Comprehensive income (loss)(81)(196)513 (497)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest5 14 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling interest$(86)$(199)$499 $(505)
Income tax expense (benefit) of items included in other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale$(67)$(119)$(65)$(324)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges(6)(32)(7)(46)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on pension and other postretirement plans1 2 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Preferred StockCommon Stock
(Dollars in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (unaudited)SharesAmountSharesAmountCapital
Surplus
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) (a)
Noncontrolling InterestTotal
Balance, December 31, 202231,686 $1,014 537,101 $336 $4,840 $3,430 $(1,368)$295 $8,547 
Adjustment to reflect adoption of ASU 2022-02
— — — — — — — 
Net income — — — — — 251 — 255 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 160 — 160 
Cash dividends declared:
Preferred stock— — — — — (8)— — (8)
Common stock ($0.15 per share)
— — — — — (82)— — (82)
Common stock repurchased— — (159)— (4)— — — (4)
Common stock issued for:
Stock options exercised and restricted stock awards— — 677 — — — — 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 22 — — — 22 
Dividends declared - noncontrolling interest of subsidiary preferred stock— — — — — — — (4)(4)
Balance, March 31, 202331,686 1,014 537,619 336 4,863 3,595 (1,208)295 8,895 
Net income— — — — — 325 — 329 
Other comprehensive income — — — — — — (151)— (151)
Cash dividends declared:
Preferred stock— — — — — (8)— — (8)
Common stock ($0.15 per share)
— — — — — (82)— — (82)
Preferred stock conversion(4,936)(494)— — — — — — (494)
Common stock repurchased— — (575)— (5)— — — (5)
Common stock issued for:
Stock options exercised and restricted stock awards— — 1,872 — — — — — — 
Series G preferred stock conversion— — 19,743 12 481 — — — 493 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — (14)— — — (13)
Dividends declared - noncontrolling interest of subsidiary preferred stock— — — — — — — (4)(4)
Balance, June 30, 202326,750 520 558,659 349 5,325 3,830 (1,359)295 8,960 
Net income— — — — — 137 — 142 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — (223)— (223)
Cash dividends declared:
Preferred stock— — — — — (8)— — (8)
Common stock ($0.15 per share)
— — — — — (85)— — (85)
Common stock repurchased— — (17)— — — — — — 
Common stock issued for:
Stock options exercised and restricted stock awards— — 67 — — — — — — 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 12 — — — 12 
Dividends declared - noncontrolling interest of subsidiary preferred stock— — — — — — — (5)(5)
Balance, September 30, 202326,750 $520 558,709 $349 $5,337 $3,874 $(1,582)$295 $8,793 
(a)Due to the nature of the preferred stock issued by FHN and its subsidiaries, all components of other comprehensive income (loss) have been attributed solely to FHN as the controlling interest holder.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.




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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (continued)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Preferred StockCommon Stock
(Dollars in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands) (unaudited)SharesAmountSharesAmountCapital
Surplus
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) (a)
Noncontrolling InterestTotal
Balance, December 31, 202126,750 $520 533,577 $333 $4,743 $2,891 $(288)$295 $8,494 
Net income — — — — — 195 — 198 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — (423)— (423)
Cash dividends declared:
Preferred stock— — — — — (8)— — (8)
Common stock ($0.15 per share)
— — — — — (82)— — (82)
Preferred stock issuance (4,936 shares issued at $100,000 per share)
4,936 494 494 
Common stock repurchased— — (120)— (2)— — — (2)
Common stock issued for:
Stock options exercised and restricted stock awards— — 1,130 14 — — — 15 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 14 — — — 14 
Dividends declared - noncontrolling interest of subsidiary preferred stock— — — — — — — (3)(3)
Balance, March 31, 202231,686 1,014 534,587 334 4,769 2,996 (711)295 8,697 
Net income— — — — — 174 — 177 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — (252)— (252)
Cash dividends declared:
Preferred stock— — — — — (8)— — (8)
Common stock ($0.15 per share)
— — — — — (83)— — (83)
Common stock repurchased — — (334)(1)(7)— — — (8)
Common stock issued for:
Stock options exercised and restricted stock awards— — 2,080 11 — — — 13 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 18 — — — 18 
Dividends declared - noncontrolling interest of subsidiary preferred stock— — — — — — — (3)(3)
Balance, June 30, 202231,686 1,014 536,333 335 4,791 3,079 (963)295 8,551 
Net income— — — — — 265 — 268 
Other comprehensive income (loss)— — — — — — (464)— (464)
Cash dividends declared:
Preferred stock — — — — — (8)— — (8)
Common stock ($0.15 per share)
— — — — — (82)— — (82)
Common stock repurchased— — (103)— (3)— — — (3)
Common stock issued for:
Stock options exercised and restricted stock awards— — 507 — — — — 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 21 — — — 21 
Dividends declared - noncontrolling interest of subsidiary preferred stock— — — — — — — (3)(3)
Balance, September 30, 202231,686 $1,014 536,737 $335 $4,812 $3,254 $(1,427)$295 $8,283 
(a)Due to the nature of the preferred stock issued by FHN and its subsidiaries, all components of other comprehensive income (loss) have been attributed solely to FHN as the controlling interest holder.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 Nine months ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions) (Unaudited)20232022
Operating Activities
Net income$727 $642 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses210 50 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)23 167 
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment41 45 
Amortization of intangible assets36 39 
Net other amortization and accretion14 (3)
Net (increase) decrease in trading securities1,063 1,728 
Net (increase) decrease in derivatives(289)822 
Stock-based compensation expense21 53 
Securities (gains) losses, net(1)(18)
Loans held for sale:
Purchases and originations(1,834)(3,184)
Gross proceeds from settlements and sales860 2,050 
(Gain) loss due to fair value adjustments and other32 78 
Other operating activities, net31 (183)
Total adjustments207 1,644 
Net cash provided by operating activities934 2,286 
Investing Activities
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale678 1,080 
Purchases of securities available for sale(228)(2,457)
Purchases of securities held to maturity (712)
Proceeds from prepayments of securities held to maturity40 40 
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment1 17 
Purchases of premises and equipment(23)(22)
Net (increase) decrease in loans and leases(3,784)(2,471)
Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits with banks(533)11,666 
Other investing activities, net16 14 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(3,833)7,155 
Financing Activities
Common stock:
  Stock options exercised5 30 
  Cash dividends paid(251)(243)
  Repurchase of shares (10)(12)
Preferred stock:
  Preferred stock issuance 494 
  Cash dividends paid - preferred stock - noncontrolling interest(12)(9)
  Cash dividends paid - preferred stock(24)(24)
Net increase (decrease) in deposits3,526 (8,880)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings1 (707)
Repayment of term borrowing(450)— 
Increases (decreases) in restricted and secured term borrowings9 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities2,794 (9,346)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(105)95 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period1,543 1,788 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$1,438 $1,883 
Supplemental Disclosures
Total interest paid$961 $127 
Total taxes paid122 11 
Total taxes refunded15 
Transfer from loans to OREO3 
Transfer from loans HFS to trading securities919 1,548 
Preferred stock conversion to common stock493 — 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1—BASIS OF PRESENTATION & ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and notes necessary for complete financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all significant adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, considered necessary for fair presentation. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with FHN's audited consolidated financial statements and notes in FHN's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts reported in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. See the Glossary of Acronyms and Terms included in this Report for terms used herein.
TD Transaction
As previously disclosed, on February 27, 2022, FHN entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the TD Merger Agreement) with The Toronto-Dominion Bank, a Canadian chartered bank (TD), and certain TD subsidiaries. On May 4, 2023, FHN and TD mutually terminated the TD Merger Agreement. Under the terms of the termination agreement, TD made a $200 million cash payment to FHN, in addition to the $25 million fee reimbursement due to FHN pursuant to the TD Merger Agreement.
Merger and integration planning expenses related to the transactions associated with the TD Merger Agreement (TD Transaction) are recorded in FHN’s Corporate segment. There were none of these expenses recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023. Expenses recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $51 million. Expenses recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $21 million and $55 million, respectively.
Accounting Changes With Extended Transition Periods
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” which provides several optional expedients and exceptions to ease the potential burden in accounting
for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The provisions of ASU 2020-04 primarily affect 1) contract modifications (e.g., loans, leases, debt, and derivatives) made in anticipation that a reference rate (e.g., LIBOR) will be discontinued and 2) the application of hedge accounting for existing relationships affected by those modifications. The provisions of ASU 2020-04 were effective upon release and apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. Including the adoption of ASU 2022-06 (discussed below), the expedients and exceptions provided by ASU 2020-04 do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2024, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2024, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship.
FHN identified contracts affected by reference rate reform, developed modification plans for those contracts and implemented those modifications before the last quotation of LIBOR on June 30, 2023. FHN elected to utilize the optional expedients and exceptions provided by ASU 2020-04 for contract modifications that immediately converted the reference rate within each contract. FHN also elected that revisions to contractual fallback provisions, including modifications in accordance with the provisions of Regulation ZZ, did not require evaluation for modification accounting. Additionally, FHN elected that the revisions to derivative contracts implemented by central clearinghouses to convert centrally cleared derivative contracts from LIBOR to SOFR plus an appropriate spread adjustment were not considered changes requiring assessment for modification accounting.
During the transition period, for cash flow hedges that reference 1-Month USD LIBOR, FHN applied expedients related to 1) the assumption of probability of cash flows when reference rates are changed on hedged items 2) avoiding dedesignation when critical terms (i.e., reference rates) change and 3) the allowed assumption of shared risk exposure for hedged items. Additionally, for its cash flow hedges that reference 1-Month Term SOFR, FHN applied expedients related to 1) the allowed assumption of shared risk exposure for hedged items and 2) multiple allowed assumptions of conformity between hedged items and the hedging instrument when assessing effectiveness. FHN continued to utilize these expedients and exceptions through the final cash flows affected by the quotation of LIBOR.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1—BASIS OF PRESENTATION & ACCOUNTING POLICIES
In accordance with the provisions of ASU 2020-04, effective immediately after the end of the transition period for its cash flow hedges (i.e., no more cash flows were affected by LIBOR), FHN elected that the cessation of effectiveness assessments under the transition guidance and subsequent initiation of hedge effectiveness assessments under ASC 815 did not require dedesignation of the hedge relationships.
In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848" which extends the transition window for ASU 2020-04 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, consistent with key USD LIBOR tenors continuing to be published through June 30, 2023.
In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, "Scope" to expand the scope of ASU 2020-04 to apply to certain contract modifications that were implemented in October 2020 by derivative clearinghouses for the use of the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (SOFR) in discounting, margining and price alignment for centrally cleared derivatives, including derivatives utilized in hedging relationships. ASU 2021-01 also applies to derivative contracts affected by the change in discounting convention regardless of whether they are centrally cleared (i.e., bi-lateral contracts can also be modified) and regardless of whether they reference LIBOR. ASU 2021-01 was effective immediately upon issuance with retroactive application permitted. FHN elected to retroactively apply the provisions of ASU 2021-01 because FHN's centrally cleared derivatives were affected by the change in discounting convention and because FHN has other bi-lateral derivative contracts that may be modified to conform to the use of SOFR for discounting. Adoption did not have a significant effect on FHN's reported financial condition or results of operations.
Summary of Accounting Changes
ASU 2022-01
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, "Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method", which will expand FHN's ability to hedge the benchmark interest rate risk of portfolios of financial interests (or beneficial interests) in a fair value hedge. The provisions of ASU 2022-01 also permit FHN to apply the same portfolio hedging method to both prepayable and non-prepayable financial assets, namely by expanding the use of the "portfolio layer" method to non-prepayable financial assets. ASU 2022-01 also permits multiple hedged layers to be designated as a single closed portfolio to achieve hedge accounting. Additionally, the ASU requires that basis adjustments must be maintained on the closed portfolio of assets as a whole, and not allocated to individual assets for active portfolio layer method hedges. ASU 2022-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. FHN
may utilize the provisions of ASU 2022-01 in its future hedging strategies.
ASU 2022-02
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, “Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” that eliminates current TDR recognition and measurement guidance and instead requires the Company to evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan (which is consistent with the accounting for other loan modifications). The provisions of ASU 2022-02 also enhance existing disclosure requirements and introduces new disclosures related to certain modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The provisions of this ASU also require FHN to disclose current period gross write-offs of loans and leases by year of origination.
ASU 2022-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, FHN elected to apply the modified retrospective transition effective January 1, 2023, resulting in a cumulative-effect reduction in ALLL of $6 million and an increase to retained earnings of $4 million, net of tax. The disclosure provisions of ASU 2022-02 are applied prospectively and presented in Note 3 – Loans and Leases and Note 4 – Allowance for Credit Losses.
Accounting Changes Issued But Not Currently Effective
ASU 2023-02
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02, “Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method” which permits investors to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. The proportional amortization method results in the cost of the investment being amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received, with the amortization of the investment and the income tax credits being presented net in the income statement as a component of income tax provision (benefit). Prior to ASU 2023-02, the proportional amortization method was only available to qualifying low income housing equity investments. An investor is required to make an accounting policy election to apply the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis. An investor that applies the proportional amortization method to qualifying tax equity investments must account for the receipt of the investment tax credits using the flow-through method, even if the entity applies the deferral method for other investment tax credits received. ASU 2023-02 also requires specific disclosures that must be
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1—BASIS OF PRESENTATION & ACCOUNTING POLICIES
applied to all investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax credit program for which the entity has elected to apply the proportional amortization method.
ASU 2023-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities in any interim period. If ASU 2023-02 is adopted in an interim period, it must be adopted as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. Adoption of ASU 2023-02 is applied on either a modified retrospective (cumulative catch up) or a retrospective (representment of prior years) basis. FHN is assessing 1) the applicability of ASU 2023-02 to its tax credit investments and 2) whether to elect the proportional amortization method for qualifying investments.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 2—INVESTMENT SECURITIES
Note 2—Investment Securities
The following tables summarize FHN’s investment securities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
INVESTMENT SECURITIES AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
 September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
Government agency issued MBS$5,156 $— $(831)$4,325 
Government agency issued CMO2,528 — (428)2,100 
Other U.S. government agencies1,334 — (206)1,128 
States and municipalities630 — (83)547 
Total securities available for sale (a)$9,648 $ $(1,548)$8,100 
Securities held to maturity:
Government agency issued MBS$863 $— $(143)$720 
Government agency issued CMO472 — (88)384 
Total securities held to maturity$1,335 $ $(231)$1,104 
(a)Includes $8.4 billion of securities pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes.
INVESTMENT SECURITIES AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
 December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
Government agency issued MBS$5,457 $$(695)$4,763 
Government agency issued CMO2,682 — (369)2,313 
Other U.S. government agencies1,325 — (162)1,163 
States and municipalities658 (62)597 
Total securities available for sale (a)$10,122 $$(1,288)$8,836 
Securities held to maturity:
Government agency issued MBS$897 $— $(109)$788 
Government agency issued CMO474 — (53)421 
Total securities held to maturity$1,371 $— $(162)$1,209 
(a)Includes $6.5 billion of securities pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes.

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 2—INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity for the debt securities portfolio as of September 30, 2023 is provided below:

DEBT SECURITIES PORTFOLIO MATURITIES
 Held to MaturityAvailable for Sale
(Dollars in millions)Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Within 1 year$— $— $14 $14 
After 1 year through 5 years— — 125 118 
After 5 years through 10 years— — 394 341 
After 10 years— — 1,431 1,202 
Subtotal— — 1,964 1,675 
Government agency issued MBS and CMO (a)1,335 1,104 7,684 6,425 
Total$1,335 $1,104 $9,648 $8,100 
(a)Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

There were no sales of AFS securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
The following tables provide information on investments within the available-for-sale portfolio that had unrealized losses as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
AFS INVESTMENT SECURITIES WITH UNREALIZED LOSSES
 As of September 30, 2023
 Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(Dollars in millions)Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Government agency issued MBS$258 $(14)$4,066 $(817)$4,324 $(831)
Government agency issued CMO53 (4)2,047 (424)2,100 (428)
Other U.S. government agencies256 (12)871 (194)1,127 (206)
States and municipalities 97 (6)439 (77)536 (83)
Total$664 $(36)$7,423 $(1,512)$8,087 $(1,548)
 
 As of December 31, 2022
 Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(Dollars in millions)Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Government agency issued MBS$2,314 $(249)$2,350 $(446)$4,664 $(695)
Government agency issued CMO1,104 (123)1,209 (246)2,313 (369)
Other U.S. government agencies643 (67)424 (95)1,067 (162)
States and municipalities 493 (48)54 (14)547 (62)
Total$4,554 $(487)$4,037 $(801)$8,591 $(1,288)


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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 2—INVESTMENT SECURITIES
FHN has evaluated all AFS debt securities that were in unrealized loss positions in accordance with its accounting policy for recognition of credit losses. No AFS debt securities were determined to have credit losses. Total AIR not included in the fair value or amortized cost basis of AFS debt securities was $29 million and $32 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Consistent with FHN's review of the related securities, there were no credit-related write downs of AIR for AFS debt securities during the reporting periods. Additionally, for AFS debt securities with unrealized losses, FHN does not intend to sell them, and it is more likely than not that FHN will not be required to sell them prior to recovery. Therefore, no write downs of these investments to fair value occurred during the reporting periods. There were no transfers to or from AFS or HTM during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023.
For HTM securities, an allowance for credit losses is required to absorb estimated lifetime credit losses. Total AIR not included in the fair value or amortized cost basis of HTM debt securities was $3 million as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. FHN has assessed the risk of credit loss and has determined that no allowance for credit losses for HTM securities was necessary as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The evaluation of credit risk includes consideration of third-party and government guarantees (both explicit and implicit), senior or subordinated status, credit ratings of the issuer, the effects of interest rate changes since purchase and observable market information such as issuer-specific credit spreads.
The carrying amount of equity investments without a readily determinable fair value was $87 million and $79 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The year-to-date 2023 and 2022 gross amounts of upward and downward valuation adjustments were not significant.
Unrealized gains of less than $1 million and $7 million were recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, for equity investments with readily determinable fair values. Unrealized losses of $2 million and $15 million were recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, for equity investments with readily determinable fair values.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
Note 3—Loans and Leases
The loans and leases portfolio is disaggregated into portfolio segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. GAAP defines a portfolio segment as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. A class is generally a disaggregation of a portfolio segment and is generally determined based on risk characteristics of the loan and FHN’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk and performance. FHN's loan and lease portfolio segments are commercial and consumer. The classes of loans and leases are: (1) commercial, financial, and industrial, which
includes commercial and industrial loans and leases and loans to mortgage companies, (2) commercial real estate, (3) consumer real estate, which includes both real estate installment and home equity lines of credit, and (4) credit card and other.
The following table provides the amortized cost basis of loans and leases by portfolio segment and class as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding accrued interest of $276 million and $226 million, respectively, which is included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
LOANS AND LEASES BY PORTFOLIO SEGMENT
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial (a) (b)$30,926 $29,523 
Loans to mortgage companies2,237 2,258 
   Total commercial, financial, and industrial 33,163 31,781 
Commercial real estate14,121 13,228 
Consumer:
HELOC2,248 2,028 
Real estate installment loans11,437 10,225 
   Total consumer real estate13,685 12,253 
Credit card and other (c)809 840 
Loans and leases$61,778 $58,102 
Allowance for loan and lease losses(760)(685)
Net loans and leases$61,018 $57,417 
(a)Includes equipment financing leases of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion for September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(b)Includes PPP loans fully guaranteed by the SBA of $35 million and $76 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(c)Includes $187 million and $193 million of commercial credit card balances as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Restrictions
Loans and leases with carrying values of $47.8 billion and $38.3 billion were pledged as collateral for borrowings at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Most of FHN’s business activity is with clients located in the southern United States. FHN’s lending activity is concentrated in its market areas within those states. As of September 30, 2023, FHN had loans to mortgage companies of $2.2 billion and loans to finance and insurance companies of $4.2 billion. As a result, 20% of the C&I portfolio is sensitive to impacts on the financial services industry.
Credit Quality Indicators
FHN employs a dual grade commercial risk grading methodology to assign an estimate for the probability of
default and the loss given default for each commercial loan using factors specific to various industry, portfolio, or product segments that result in a rank ordering of risk and the assignment of grades PD 1 to PD 16. This credit grading system is intended to identify and measure the credit quality of the loan and lease portfolio by analyzing the migration between grading categories. It is also integral to the estimation methodology utilized in determining the ALLL since an allowance is established for pools of commercial loans based on the credit grade assigned. Each PD grade corresponds to an estimated one-year default probability percentage. PD grades are continually evaluated but require a formal scorecard annually.
PD 1 through PD 12 are “pass” grades. PD grades 13-16 correspond to the regulatory-defined categories of special mention (13), substandard (14), doubtful (15), and loss (16). Special mention loans and leases have potential
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of FHN's credit position at some future date. Substandard commercial loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that FHN will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful commercial loans and leases have the same weaknesses as substandard loans and leases with the added characteristics that the
probability of loss is high, and collection of the full amount is improbable.
The following tables provide the amortized cost basis of the commercial loan portfolio by year of origination and credit quality indicator as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
C&I PORTFOLIO
September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)20232022202120202019Prior to 2019LMC (a)Revolving
 Loans
Revolving
Loans Converted
to Term Loans
Total
Credit Quality Indicator:
Pass (PD grades 1 through 12) (b)$3,351 $5,945 $3,796 $1,710 $1,772 $3,634 $2,237 $9,302 $358 $32,105 
Special Mention (PD grade 13)1 31 54 53 100 60  139 1 439 
Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss (PD grades 14,15, and 16) 123 62 49 39 96  147 103 619 
Total C&I loans$3,352 $6,099 $3,912 $1,812 $1,911 $3,790 $2,237 $9,588 $462 $33,163 
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)20222021202020192018Prior to 2018LMC (a)Revolving
 Loans
Revolving
Loans Converted
to Term Loans
Total
Credit Quality Indicator:
Pass (PD grades 1 through 12) (b)$7,456 $3,634 $1,803 $1,912 $1,112 $3,170 $2,258 $9,166 $371 $30,882 
Special Mention (PD grade 13)17 56 17 125 80 — 126 — 429 
Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss (PD grades 14,15, and 16)36 48 41 34 25 55 — 134 97 470 
Total C&I loans$7,509 $3,738 $1,861 $2,071 $1,145 $3,305 $2,258 $9,426 $468 $31,781 
(a)    LMC includes non-revolving commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower's sale of those mortgage loans to third-party investors. The loans are of short duration with maturities less than one year.
(b)    Balances include PPP loans.

CRE PORTFOLIO
September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)20232022202120202019Prior to 2019Revolving
 Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Credit Quality Indicator:
Pass (PD grades 1 through 12) $663 $3,355 $3,643 $1,306 $1,331 $2,978 $316 $19 $13,611 
Special Mention (PD grade 13)1 1 3 30 147 77   259 
Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss (PD grades 14,15, and 16) 2 5 11 141 84 8  251 
Total CRE loans$664 $3,358 $3,651 $1,347 $1,619 $3,139 $324 $19 $14,121 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)20222021202020192018Prior to 2018Revolving
 Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Credit Quality Indicator:
Pass (PD grades 1 through 12)$2,637 $3,324 $1,488 $1,855 $808 $2,565 $274 $20 $12,971 
Special Mention (PD grade 13)— 37 68 — 117 
Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss (PD grades 14,15, and 16)12 50 31 31 11 — 140 
Total CRE loans$2,638 $3,331 $1,503 $1,942 $907 $2,601 $286 $20 $13,228 

The consumer portfolio is comprised primarily of smaller-balance loans which are very similar in nature in that most are standard products and are backed by residential real estate. Because of the similarities of consumer loan types, FHN is able to utilize the FICO score, among other attributes, to assess the credit quality of consumer borrowers. FICO scores are refreshed on a quarterly basis in an attempt to reflect the recent risk profile of the borrowers. Accruing delinquency amounts are indicators of asset quality within the credit card and other consumer portfolio.
The following table reflects the amortized cost basis by year of origination and refreshed FICO scores for
consumer real estate loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Within consumer real estate, classes include HELOC and real estate installment loans. HELOCs are loans which during their draw period are classified as revolving loans. Once the draw period ends and the loan enters its repayment period, the loan converts to a term loan and is classified as a revolving loan converted to a term loan. All loans classified in the following tables as revolving loans or revolving loans converted to term loans are HELOCs. Real estate installment loans are originated as fixed term loans and are classified below in their vintage year. All loans in the following tables classified in a vintage year are real estate installment loans.

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
CONSUMER REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO
September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)20232022202120202019Prior to 2019Revolving
 Loans
Revolving
Loans Converted
to Term Loans
Total
FICO score 740 or greater$1,425 $2,110 $1,750 $748 $475 $1,398 $1,542 $53 $9,501 
FICO score 720-739180 287 230 110 90 239 189 16 1,341 
FICO score 700-719132 234 195 87 52 230 157 18 1,105 
FICO score 660-699162 200 119 83 53 303 175 19 1,114 
FICO score 620-6599 20 23 24 37 112 37 7 269 
FICO score less than 620 12 17 19 20 12 240 23 12 355 
Total$1,920 $2,868 $2,336 $1,072 $719 $2,522 $2,123 $125 $13,685 
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)20222021202020192018Prior to 2018Revolving
 Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total
FICO score 740 or greater$2,154 $1,847 $819 $523 $278 $1,294 $1,297 $63 $8,275 
FICO score 720-739292 246 116 98 34 238 183 18 1,225 
FICO score 700-719242 206 93 55 35 226 142 22 1,021 
FICO score 660-699214 137 90 55 62 278 192 23 1,051 
FICO score 620-65921 24 25 41 20 105 47 292 
FICO score less than 620 15 19 32 12 23 256 16 16 389 
Total$2,938 $2,479 $1,175 $784 $452 $2,397 $1,877 $151 $12,253 

The following tables reflect the amortized cost basis by year of origination and refreshed FICO scores for credit card and other loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

CREDIT CARD & OTHER PORTFOLIO
September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)20232022202120202019Prior to 2019Revolving
 Loans
Revolving
Loans Converted
to Term Loans
Total
FICO score 740 or greater$43 $29 $13 $6 $4 $34 $223 $5 $357 
FICO score 720-7395 3 2 1 1 5 27 1 45 
FICO score 700-7194 3 4 1 1 5 23 3 44 
FICO score 660-6992 3 1 1 1 8 19 1 36 
FICO score 620-6591 1 1   3 6  12 
FICO score less than 620 9 9 6 8 13 107 162 1 315 
Total$64 $48 $27 $17 $20 $162 $460 $11 $809 

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)20222021202020192018Prior to 2018Revolving
 Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total
FICO score 740 or greater$36 $14 $10 $10 $$25 $291 $$396 
FICO score 720-739— 30 43 
FICO score 700-719— 33 46 
FICO score 660-69930 47 
FICO score 620-659— — 18 — 26 
FICO score less than 620 10 71 174 282 
Total$53 $30 $21 $23 $13 $114 $576 $10 $840 


Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans and Leases
Loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual if it becomes evident that full collection of principal and interest is at risk, impairment has been recognized as a partial charge-off of principal balance due to insufficient collateral value and past due status, or on a case-by-case basis if FHN continues to receive payments but there are other borrower-specific issues. Included in nonaccrual are loans
for which FHN continues to receive payments including residential real estate loans where the borrower has been discharged of personal obligation through bankruptcy.
Past due loans are loans contractually past due as to interest or principal payments, but which have not yet been put on nonaccrual status.

The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans and leases by class on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
ACCRUING & NON-ACCRUING LOANS AND LEASES
September 30, 2023
 AccruingNon-Accruing 
(Dollars in millions)Current30-89
Days
Past Due
90+
Days
Past Due
Total
Accruing
Current30-89
Days
Past Due
90+
Days
Past Due
Total
Non-
Accruing
Total
Loans and Leases
Commercial, financial, and industrial:
C&I (a) $30,772 $28 $$30,803 $78 $$43 $123 $30,926 
Loans to mortgage companies2,237 — — 2,237 — — —  2,237 
Total commercial, financial, and industrial33,009 28 33,040 78 43 123 33,163 
Commercial real estate:
CRE (b)13,992 — 13,996 43 50 32 125 14,121 
Consumer real estate:
HELOC (c)2,185 13 2,203 32 45 2,248 
Real estate installment loans (d)11,307 25 11,338 47 44 99 11,437 
Total consumer real estate13,492 38 11 13,541 79 12 53 144 13,685 
Credit card and other:
Credit card274 281 — — —  281 
Other525 — 526 — — 2 528 
Total credit card and other799 807 — — 2 809 
Total loans and leases$61,292 $75 $17 $61,384 $202 $64 $128 $394 $61,778 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
December 31, 2022
 AccruingNon-Accruing 
(Dollars in millions)Current30-89
Days
Past Due
90+
Days
Past Due
Total
Accruing
Current30-89
Days
Past Due
90+
Days
Past Due
Total
Non-
Accruing
Total
Loans and Leases
Commercial, financial, and industrial:
C&I (a) $29,309 $50 $11 $29,370 $64 $10 $79 $153 $29,523 
Loans to mortgage companies2,258 — — 2,258 — — — — 2,258 
Total commercial, financial, and industrial31,567 50 11 31,628 64 10 79 153 31,781 
Commercial real estate:
CRE (b)13,208 11 — 13,219 — 13,228 
Consumer real estate:
HELOC (c)1,967 12 1,984 32 44 2,028 
Real estate installment loans (d)10,079 25 13 10,117 56 47 108 10,225 
Total consumer real estate12,046 37 18 12,101 88 55 152 12,253 
Credit card and other:
Credit card287 296 — — — — 296 
Other540 — 542 — 544 
Total credit card and other827 838 — 840 
Total loans and leases$57,648 $105 $33 $57,786 $160 $19 $137 $316 $58,102 
(a)    $108 million and $147 million of C&I loans are nonaccrual loans that have been specifically reviewed for impairment with no related allowance in 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(b)    $117 million and $5 million of CRE loans are nonaccrual loans that have been specifically reviewed for impairment with no related allowance in 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(c)    $5 million of HELOC loans are nonaccrual loans that have been specifically reviewed for impairment with no related allowance in both 2023 and 2022.
(d)    $10 million and $7 million of real estate installment loans are nonaccrual loans that have been specifically reviewed for impairment with no related allowance in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Collateral-Dependent Loans
Collateral-dependent loans are defined as loans for which repayment is expected to be derived substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. At a minimum, the estimated value of the collateral for each loan equals the current book value.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, FHN had commercial loans with amortized cost of approximately $245 million and $124 million, respectively, that were based on the value of underlying collateral. Collateral-dependent C&I and CRE loans totaled $120 million and $125 million, respectively, at September 30, 2023. The collateral for these loans generally consists of business assets including land, buildings, equipment, and financial assets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, FHN recognized charge-offs of $82 million and of $106 million, respectively, on these loans related to reductions in estimated collateral values.
Consumer HELOC and real estate installment loans with amortized cost based on the value of underlying real estate collateral were approximately $6 million and $28 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2023 and $7 million and $26 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022. Charge-offs relating to collateral-dependent consumer loans for the nine months ending September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were $1 million and $2 million, respectively.
Loan Modifications to Troubled Borrowers
As part of FHN’s ongoing risk management practices, FHN attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Modifications could include extension of the maturity date, reductions of the interest rate, reduction or forgiveness of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. Combinations of these modifications may also be made for individual loans. Extensions and modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Principal reductions may be made in limited circumstances, typically for specific commercial loan workouts, and in the event of borrower bankruptcy. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately.
Troubled loans are considered those in which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty can be subjective in nature and management’s judgment may be required in making this determination. FHN may determine that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt, or if it is probable that a borrower may default in the foreseeable future absent a modification. Many aspects of a borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
Troubled commercial loans are typically modified through forbearance agreements which could include reduced interest rates, reduced payments, term extension, or entering into short sale agreements. Principal reductions may occur in specific circumstances.
Modifications for troubled consumer loans are generally structured using parameters of U.S. government-sponsored programs. For HELOC and real estate installment loans, troubled loans are typically modified by an interest rate reduction and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. Despite the absence of a loan modification by FHN, the discharge of personal liability through bankruptcy proceedings is considered a court-imposed modification.
For the credit card portfolio, troubled loan modifications are typically enacted through either a short-term credit card hardship program or a longer-term credit card workout program. In the credit card hardship program,
borrowers may be granted rate and payment reductions for six months to one year. In the credit card workout program, borrowers are granted a rate reduction to 0% and a term extension for up to five years.
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
For periods subsequent to December 31, 2022, information regarding loans modified when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty are included in the tables below.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis at the end of the reporting period of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of modification made, as well as the financial effect of the modifications made as of September 30, 2023:

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
LOAN MODIFICATIONS TO BORROWERS EXPERIENCING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY
September 30, 2023
Interest Rate Reduction
(Dollars in millions)Balance% of Total Class Financial Effect
C&I$— — %N/A
CRE— — N/A
Consumer Real Estate— 
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 8.60% to 5.00%
Credit Card and Other (a)— — 
Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 13.30% to 0.00%
Total$— %
(a) Balance less than $1 million.

September 30, 2023
Term Extension
(Dollars in millions)Balance% of Total ClassFinancial Effect
C&I$81 0.2 %
Added an estimated weighted-average 1 year to the life of loans, which reduced monthly payment amounts for the borrowers
CRE42 0.3 
Added an estimated weighted-average 1 year to the life of loans, which reduced monthly payment amounts for the borrowers
Consumer Real Estate— 
Added a weighted-average 10 years to the life of loans, which reduced monthly payment amounts for the borrowers
Credit Card and Other— — N/A
Total$125 0.2 %

September 30, 2023
Principal Forgiveness
(Dollars in millions)Balance% of Total Class Financial Effect
C&I$— — %N/A
CRE— — N/A
Consumer Real Estate— 
$1.3 million of the principal of consumer loans was legally discharged in bankruptcy during the period and the borrowers have not re-affirmed the debt as of period end.
Credit Card and Other— — N/A
Total$— %

September 30, 2023
Payment Deferrals
(Dollars in millions)Balance% of Total ClassFinancial Effect
C&I$— — %N/A
CRE— — N/A
Consumer Real Estate— 
Payment deferral for 11 months, with a balloon payment at the end of the term
Credit Card and Other— — N/A
Total$— %

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
September 30, 2023
Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
(Dollars in millions)Balance% of Total Class Financial Effect
C&I$— — %N/A
CRE— — N/A
Consumer Real Estate— 
Added a weighted-average 13.5 years to the life of loans and reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 5.60% to 4.80%
Credit Card and Other— — N/A
Total$— %

September 30, 2023
Combination - Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Interest Forgiveness
(Dollars in millions)Balance% of Total Class Financial Effect
C&I$— %
Added a weighted-average 3.7 years to the life of loans, reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 11.25% to 7.50% and provided less than $1 million in interest forgiveness
CRE— — N/A
Consumer Real Estate— — N/A
Credit Card and Other— — N/A
Total$— %

September 30, 2023
Combination - Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Interest Deferrals
(Dollars in millions)Balance% of Total ClassFinancial Effect
C&I$— — %N/A
CRE16 0.1 
Added a weighted-average 1 year to the life of loans, reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 8.65% to 8.00% and provided less than $1 million in deferred interest
Consumer Real Estate— — N/A
Credit Card and Other— — N/A
Total$16 — %

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a payment default during the period totaled $21 million as of September 30, 2023. FHN closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts.
The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the last 12 months:

PERFORMANCE OF LOANS THAT HAVE BEEN MODIFIED IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS
September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Current30-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past DueNon-Accruing
C&I$77 $— $— $
CRE— — 50 
Consumer Real Estate— — 10 
Credit Card and Other— — — — 
Total$87 $— $— $66 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3—LOANS & LEASES
Troubled Debt Restructurings

Prior to January 1, 2023, a modification was classified as a TDR if the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty and it was determined that FHN granted a concession to the borrower. Concessions represented modifications that FHN would not otherwise consider if a borrower had not been experiencing financial difficulty. Evaluation of whether a concession was granted, was subjective in nature and management’s judgment was required in making the determination of whether a modification was
classified as a TDR. All non-reaffirmed residential real estate loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy were considered concessions and classified as non-accruing TDRs.
On December 31, 2022, FHN had $180 million of portfolio loans classified as TDRs. Additionally, $30 million of loans held for sale as of December 31, 2022 were classified as TDRs.

The following table presents the end of period balance for loans modified in a TDR during the year ended December 31, 2022:
LOANS MODIFIED IN A TDR
 Year Ended December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)NumberPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded  InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded  Investment
C&I$30 $24 
CRE
HELOC98 
Real estate installment loans181 41 41 
Credit card and other81 12 12 
Total TDRs367 $91 $85 
The following table presents TDRs which re-defaulted during 2022 and as to which the modification occurred 12 months or less prior to the re-default. For purposes of this disclosure, FHN generally defines payment default as 30 or more days past due.
LOANS MODIFIED IN A TDR THAT RE-DEFAULTED
 Year Ended December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)NumberRecorded
Investment
C&I$— 
CRE— — 
HELOC22 
Real estate installment loans54 15 
Credit card and other17 — 
Total TDRs98 $16 
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NOTE 4—ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Note 4—Allowance for Credit Losses
Management's estimate of expected credit losses in the loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, collectively referred to as the Allowance for Credit Losses, or the ACL. The ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the allowance for loan and lease losses and in other liabilities, respectively. Provisions for credit losses related to loans and leases and unfunded lending commitments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income as provision for credit losses.
The ACL is maintained at a level management believes to be appropriate to absorb expected lifetime credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded lending commitments. The determination of the ACL is based on periodic evaluation of the loan and lease portfolios and unfunded lending commitments considering a number of relevant underlying factors, including key assumptions and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative information.
The expected loan losses are the product of multiplying FHN’s estimates of probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), and individual loan level exposure at default (EAD), including amortization and prepayment assumptions, on an undiscounted basis. FHN uses models or assumptions to develop the expected loss forecasts, which incorporate multiple macroeconomic forecasts over a four-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company immediately reverts to its historical loss averages, evaluated over the historical observation period, for the remaining estimated life of the loans. In order to capture the unique risks of the loan portfolio within the PD, LGD, and prepayment models, FHN segments the portfolio into pools, generally incorporating loan grades for commercial loans. As there can be no certainty that actual economic performance will precisely follow any specific macroeconomic forecast, FHN uses qualitative adjustments where current loan characteristics or current or forecasted economic conditions differ from historical periods.
The evaluation of quantitative and qualitative information is performed through assessments of groups of assets that share similar risk characteristics and certain individual loans and leases that do not share similar risk characteristics with the collective group. As described in Note 3 - Loans and Leases, loans are grouped generally by product type and significant loan portfolios are assessed for credit losses using analytical or statistical models. The quantitative component utilizes economic forecast information as its foundation and is primarily based on analytical models that use known or estimated data as of the balance sheet date and forecasted data over the reasonable and supportable period. The ACL is also
affected by qualitative factors that FHN considers to reflect current judgment of various events and risks that are not measured in the quantitative calculations, including alternative economic forecasts.
In accordance with its accounting policy elections, FHN does not recognize a separate allowance for expected credit losses for AIR and records reversals of AIR as reductions of interest income. FHN reverses previously accrued but uncollected interest when an asset is placed on nonaccrual status. AIR and the related allowance for expected credit losses is included as a component of other assets. The total amount of interest reversals from loans placed on nonaccrual status and the amount of income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were not material.
Expected credit losses for unfunded commitments are estimated for periods where the commitment is not unconditionally cancellable. The measurement of expected credit losses for unfunded commitments mirrors that of loans and leases with the additional estimate of future draw rates (timing and amount).
Prior to January 1, 2023, TDRs were reflected in FHN’s estimate of expected credit losses as described in Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies, in its 2022 Form 10-K. Subsequent to December 31, 2022, in accordance with the provisions of ASU 2022-02, FHN has ceased recognition of TDRs and no longer performs discounted cash flow calculations for these loans to estimate expected credit losses. As described in Note 3 – Loans and Leases, FHN now monitors and discloses information associated with modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For both commercial and consumer portfolio segments, an adjustment to the ACL is generally not recorded at the time of modification because FHN includes these modified loans in its quantitative loss estimation processes. In the event of principal forgiveness, which primarily occurs for commercial loan workouts and consumer loans experiencing bankruptcy, FHN records the reduction in expected collectible principal balance as a charge-off against the ALLL.
The increase in the ACL balance as of September 30, 2023 as compared to December 31, 2022 largely reflects loan growth during the period and an evolving macroeconomic outlook resulting from inflation, the interest rate environment, and other factors. In developing credit loss estimates for its loan and lease portfolios, FHN utilized two Moody’s forecast scenarios for its macroeconomic inputs. As of September 30, 2023, FHN's scenario selection process focused on key economic drivers such as inflation, interest rates, supply chain disruptions, labor/wage constraints, and international conflict. FHN selected one scenario as its base case, which was the Moody's baseline
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 4—ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
scenario. The heaviest weight was placed on this scenario. A smaller weight was placed on the FHN-selected downside scenario.
Management also made qualitative adjustments to reflect estimated recoveries based on a review of prior charge-off and recovery levels, for default risk associated with large balances with individual borrowers, for estimated loss amounts not reflected in historical factors due to specific
portfolio risk, and for instances where limited data for acquired loans is considered to affect modeled results.
The following table provides a rollforward of the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments by portfolio type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

ROLLFORWARD OF ALLL & RESERVE FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
(Dollars in millions)Commercial, Financial, and Industrial (a)Commercial Real EstateConsumer Real EstateCredit Card and OtherTotal
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2023$326 $159 $221 $31 $737 
Charge-offs (b)(91)(5)(1)(7)(104)
Recoveries
Provision for loan and lease losses 95 14 118 
Balance as of September 30, 2023$335 $169 $228 $28 $760 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of July 1, 2023$55 $24 $11 $— $90 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments (6)(3)— (8)
Balance as of September 30, 202349 21 12  82 
Allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023$384 $190 $240 $28 $842 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of July 1, 2022$274 $141 $183 $26 $624 
Charge-offs(13)(1)(1)(6)(21)
Recoveries — 
Provision for loan and lease losses 32 52 
Balance as of September 30, 2022$295 $148 $193 $28 $664 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of July 1, 2022$53 $17 $10 $— $80 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments — 
Balance as of September 30, 202258 19 11 — 88 
Allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2022$353 $167 $204 $28 $752 
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NOTE 4—ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
(Dollars in millions)Commercial, Financial, and Industrial (a)Commercial Real EstateConsumer Real EstateCredit Card and OtherTotal
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2023$308 $146 $200 $31 $685 
Adoption of ASU 2022-02— (7)— (6)
Charge-offs (b)(124)(15)(3)(17)(159)
Recoveries12 25 
Provision for loan and lease losses138 36 31 10 215 
Balance as of September 30, 2023$335 $169 $228 $28 $760 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of January 1, 2023$55 $22 $10 $— $87 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments (6)(1)— (5)
Balance as of September 30, 202349 21 12  82 
Allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023$384 $190 $240 $28 $842 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2022$334 $154 $163 $19 $670 
Charge-offs(38)(1)(4)(18)(61)
Recoveries 17 27 
Provision for loan and lease losses (7)(6)17 24 28 
Balance as of September 30, 2022$295 $148 $193 $28 $664 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments:
Balance as of January 1, 2022$46 $12 $$— $66 
Provision for remaining unfunded commitments12 — 22 
Balance as of September 30, 202258 19 11 — 88 
Allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2022$353 $167 $204 $28 $752 
(a) C&I loans as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 include $35 million and $129 million in PPP loans, respectively, which due to the government guarantee and forgiveness provisions are considered to have no credit risk and therefore have no allowance for loan and lease losses.
(b) Charge-offs in the C&I portfolio in 2023 include $72 million from a single credit from a company in bankruptcy.

The following table represents gross charge-offs by year of origination for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

 GROSS CHARGE-OFFS
(Dollars in millions)20232022202120202019Prior to 2019Revolving LoansTotal
C&I (a)$74 $13 $$$$13 $$124 
CRE— — — — 13 — 15 
Consumer Real Estate— — — — — 
Credit Card and Other— — — 17 
Total$83 $13 $7 $5 $11 $30 $10 $159 
(a) Includes $72 million from a single credit from a company in bankruptcy.
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NOTE 5—MORTGAGE BANKING ACTIVITY
Note 5—Mortgage Banking Activity
FHN originates mortgage loans for sale into the secondary market. These loans primarily consist of residential first lien mortgages that conform to standards established by GSEs that are major investors in U.S. home mortgages, but can also consist of junior lien and jumbo loans secured by residential property. These loans are primarily sold to private companies that are unaffiliated with the GSEs on a servicing-released basis. Gains and losses on these mortgage loans are included in mortgage banking and title income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
At September 30, 2023, FHN had approximately $35 million of loans that remained from pre-2009 mortgage
business operations of legacy First Horizon. Activity related to the pre-2009 mortgage loans was primarily limited to payments and write-offs in 2023 and 2022, with no new originations or loan sales, and only an insignificant amount of repurchases. These loans are excluded from the disclosure below.
The following table summarizes activity relating to residential mortgage loans held for sale as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022.

MORTGAGE LOAN ACTIVITY
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of period$44 $250 
Originations and purchases512 1,275 
Sales, net of gains(475)(1,481)
Balance at end of period$81 $44 

Mortgage Servicing Rights
FHN records mortgage servicing rights at the lower of cost or market value and amortizes them over the remaining servicing life of the loans, with consideration given to prepayment assumptions.

Mortgage servicing rights are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Mortgage servicing rights had the following carrying values as of the periods indicated.
MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Mortgage servicing rights$24 $(6)$18 $21 $(5)$16 
In addition, there was an insignificant amount of non-mortgage and commercial servicing rights as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Total mortgage servicing fees included in mortgage banking and title income were $3 million and $4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 6—GOODWILL & OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Note 6—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill
The following is a summary of goodwill by reportable segment included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
GOODWILL
(Dollars in millions)Regional
Banking
Specialty BankingTotal
December 31, 2021$880 $631 $1,511 
Additions— — — 
December 31, 2022$880 $631 $1,511 
Additions— — — 
September 30, 2023$880 $631 $1,511 

FHN performed the required annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2022. The annual impairment test did not indicate impairment in any of FHN’s reporting units as of the testing date. Following the testing date, management evaluated the events and circumstances that could indicate that goodwill might be impaired and concluded that it is not more likely than not that goodwill was impaired. If there are any triggering events between annual periods, management will evaluate whether an impairment analysis is warranted. FHN will conduct its annual impairment analysis as of October 1, 2023.
Accounting estimates and assumptions were made about FHN's future performance and cash flows, as well as other prevailing market factors (e.g., interest rates, economic
trends, etc.) when determining fair value as part of the goodwill impairment test. While management used the best information available to estimate future performance for each reporting unit, future adjustments to management's projections may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the estimates.
Other intangible assets
The following table, which excludes fully amortized intangibles, presents other intangible assets included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Value
Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Value
Core deposit intangibles$368 $(199)$169 $371 $(171)$200 
Client relationships32 (15)17 32 (13)19 
Other (a)27 (15)12 27 (12)15 
Total$427 $(229)$198 $430 $(196)$234 
(a)Includes non-compete covenants and purchased credit card intangible assets. Also includes state banking licenses which are not subject to amortization.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 7—PREFERRED STOCK
Note 7—Preferred Stock

The following table presents a summary of FHN's non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock:

PREFERRED STOCK
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Issuance DateEarliest Redemption Date (a)Annual Dividend RateDividend PaymentsShares OutstandingLiquidation AmountCarrying AmountCarrying Amount
Series B7/2/20208/1/20256.625%(b)Semi-annually8,000 $80 $77 $77 
Series C7/2/20205/1/20266.600%(c)Quarterly5,750 58 59 59 
Series D7/2/20205/1/20246.100%(d)Semi-annually10,000 100 94 94 
Series E5/28/202010/10/20256.500%Quarterly1,500 150 145 145 
Series F5/3/20217/10/20264.700%Quarterly1,500 150 145 145 
Series G2/28/20222/28/2027N/AN/A— —  494 
26,750 $538 $520 $1,014 
N/A - not applicable
(a) Denotes earliest optional redemption date. Earlier redemption is possible, at FHN's election, if certain regulatory capital events occur.
(b) Fixed dividend rate will reset on August 1, 2025 to three-month CME Term SOFR plus 4.52361% (0.26161% plus 4.262%).
(c) Fixed dividend rate will reset on May 1, 2026 to three-month CME Term SOFR plus 5.18161% (0.26161% plus 4.920%).
(d) Fixed dividend rate will reset on May 1, 2024 to three-month CME Term SOFR plus 4.12061% (0.26161% plus 3.859%).

On February 28, 2022, in connection with the execution of the TD Merger Agreement, FHN issued $494 million of Series G Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock (the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock). The Series G Convertible Preferred Stock was convertible into up to 4.9% of the outstanding shares of FHN common stock in certain circumstances, including termination of the TD Merger Agreement. Because regulatory approval of the TD Transaction was not obtained, conversion occurred, effective June 26, 2023, at a fixed rate of 4,000 shares of common stock for each share of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, resulting in 19,742,776 additional common shares outstanding.
The $494 million carrying value of the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock qualified as Tier 1 Capital as of December 31, 2022 and qualified for Common Equity Tier 1 Capital upon conversion to common stock on June 26, 2023.
Subsidiary Preferred Stock
First Horizon Bank has issued 300,000 shares of Class A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (Class A Preferred Stock) with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. Dividends on the Class A Preferred Stock, if declared, accrue and are payable each quarter, in arrears, at a floating rate equal to the greater of three-month CME Term SOFR plus 1.11161% (0.26161% plus 0.85%) or 3.75% per annum. These securities qualify fully as Tier 1 capital for both First Horizon Bank and FHN. On September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $295 million of Class A Preferred Stock was recognized as noncontrolling interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
LIBOR Change to SOFR
On March 5, 2021, the U.K.'s Financial Conduct Authority announced that all tenors of LIBOR would cease publication or no longer be representative after June 30, 2023. On March 15, 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act was enacted in the U.S. The LIBOR Act provides that LIBOR will transition to a replacement benchmark based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), plus a spread adjustment, in such covered contracts. Subsequently, the FRB adopted Regulation ZZ that identified CME Term SOFR, a forward term rate based on SOFR administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration, Ltd., plus a spread adjustment, as the replacement rate for securities for any interest rate calculations after June 30, 2023.
On April 25, 2023, FHN announced that each reference to LIBOR in each applicable securities contract (which term includes preferred stock and related depositary shares) will transition to CME Term SOFR, plus a tenor-based spread adjustment, on the first business day after June 30, 2023 pursuant to the LIBOR Act and the implementing regulations. The information presented in this Note reflects that transition.

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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 8—COMPONENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Note 8—Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table provides the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in millions)Securities AFSCash Flow HedgesPension and
Post-retirement
Plans
Total
Balance as of July 1, 2023$(964)$(129)$(266)$(1,359)
Net unrealized gains (losses)(206)(34)(239)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— 14 16 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(206)(20)(223)
Balance as of September 30, 2023$(1,170)$(149)$(263)$(1,582)
(Dollars in millions)Securities AFSCash Flow HedgesPension and
Post-retirement
Plans
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2023$(973)$(127)$(268)$(1,368)
Net unrealized gains (losses)(197)(60)(1)(258)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— 38 44 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(197)(22)(214)
Balance as of September 30, 2023$(1,170)$(149)$(263)$(1,582)

(Dollars in millions)Securities AFSCash Flow HedgesPension and
Post-retirement
Plans
Total
Balance as of July 1, 2022$(671)$(40)$(252)$(963)
Net unrealized gains (losses)(368)(103)— (471)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(368)(99)(464)
Balance as of September 30, 2022$(1,039)$(139)$(249)$(1,427)
(Dollars in millions)Securities AFSCash Flow HedgesPension and
Post-retirement
Plans
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022$(36)$$(255)$(288)
Net unrealized gains (losses)(1,003)(149)— (1,152)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— 13 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(1,003)(142)(1,139)
Balance as of September 30, 2022$(1,039)$(139)$(249)$(1,427)

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 8—COMPONENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Reclassifications from AOCI, and related tax effects, were as follows:
RECLASSIFICATIONS FROM AOCI
(Dollars in millions)Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Details about AOCI2023202220232022Affected line item in the statement where net
income is presented
Cash Flow Hedges:
Realized (gains) losses on cash flow hedges$18 $$50 $Interest and fees on loans and leases
Tax expense (benefit)(4)(1)(12)(2)Income tax expense
14 38 
Pension and Postretirement Plans:
Amortization of prior service cost and net actuarial (gain) loss3 8 Other expense
Tax expense (benefit)(1)(1)(2)(2)Income tax expense
2 6 
Total reclassification from AOCI$16 $$44 $13 

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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9—EARNINGS PER SHARE
Note 9—Earnings Per Share
The computations of basic and diluted earnings per common share were as follows:
EARNINGS PER SHARE COMPUTATIONS
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)2023202220232022
Net income $142 $268 $727 $642 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest5 14 8
Net income attributable to controlling interest137 265 713 634 
Preferred stock dividends8 824 24 
Net income available to common shareholders$129 $257 $689 $610 
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic558,559 535,986 544,952 534,613 
Effect of dilutive restricted stock, performance equity awards and options2,862 6,655 4,250 7,258 
Effect of dilutive convertible preferred stock (a) 27,512 12,728 21,667 
Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted561,421 570,153 561,930 563,538 
Basic earnings per common share$0.23 $0.48 $1.26 $1.14 
Diluted earnings per common share$0.23 $0.45 $1.23 $1.08 
(a)     On February 28, 2022, FHN issued $494 million of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, which was converted into common stock on June 26, 2023, following the termination of the TD Merger Agreement. Conversion occurred at the rate of 4,000 common shares per Series G preferred share resulting in 19,742,776 additional common shares outstanding. 2023 includes the impact of the Series G based on the final conversion rate and 2022 includes the impact based on the original maximum conversion rate. For more information on the convertible features, including the conversion rate, see Note 7 - Preferred Stock.

The following table presents average outstanding options and other equity awards that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were either anti-dilutive (the exercise price was higher
than the weighted-average market price for the period) or the performance conditions have not been met:
ANTI-DILUTIVE EQUITY AWARDS
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(Shares in thousands)2023202220232022
Stock options excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS1,928 11  35 
Weighted average exercise price of stock options excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS$16.44 $26.03 $24.36 $25.65 
Other equity awards excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS7,589 493 2,496 199 

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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 10—CONTINGENCIES & OTHER DISCLOSURES
Note 10—Contingencies and Other Disclosures
Contingencies
Contingent Liabilities Overview
Contingent liabilities arise in the ordinary course of business. Often, they are related to lawsuits, arbitration, mediation, and other forms of litigation. Various litigation matters currently are threatened or pending against FHN and its subsidiaries. Also, FHN at times receives requests for information, subpoenas, or other inquiries from federal, state, and local regulators, from other government authorities, and from other parties concerning various matters relating to FHN’s current or former businesses. Certain matters of that sort are pending at most times, and FHN generally cooperates when those matters arise. Pending and threatened litigation matters sometimes are settled by the parties, and sometimes pending matters are resolved in court or before an arbitrator, or are withdrawn. Regardless of the manner of resolution, frequently the most significant changes in status of a matter occur over a short time period, often following a lengthy period of little substantive activity. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of these matters, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the cases present novel legal theories or involve a large number of parties, or where claims or other actions may be possible but have not been brought, FHN cannot reasonably determine what the eventual outcome of the matters will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters may be, or what the eventual loss or impact related to each matter may be. FHN establishes a loss contingency liability for a litigation matter when loss is both probable and reasonably estimable as prescribed by applicable financial accounting guidance. If loss for a matter is probable and a range of possible loss outcomes is the best estimate available, accounting guidance requires a liability to be established at the low end of the range.
Based on current knowledge, and after consultation with counsel, management is of the opinion that loss contingencies related to threatened or pending litigation matters should not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of FHN but may be material to FHN’s operating results for any particular reporting period depending, in part, on the results from that period.
Material Loss Contingency Matters
As used in this Note, except for matters that are reported as having been substantially settled or otherwise substantially resolved, FHN's “material loss contingency matters” generally fall into at least one of the following categories: (i) FHN has determined material loss to be probable and has established a material loss liability in accordance with applicable financial accounting guidance;
(ii) FHN has determined material loss to be probable but is not reasonably able to estimate an amount or range of material loss liability; or (iii) FHN has determined that material loss is not probable but is reasonably possible, and the amount or range of that reasonably possible material loss is estimable. As defined in applicable accounting guidance, loss is reasonably possible if there is more than a remote chance of a material loss outcome for FHN. FHN provides contingencies note disclosures for certain pending or threatened litigation matters each quarter, including all matters mentioned in categories (i) or (ii) and, occasionally, certain matters mentioned in category (iii). In addition, in this Note, certain other matters, or groups of matters, are discussed relating to FHN’s pre-2009 mortgage origination and servicing businesses. In all litigation matters discussed in this Note, unless settled or otherwise resolved, FHN believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to pursue those defenses vigorously.
FHN reassesses the liability for litigation matters each quarter as the matters progress. At September 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of liabilities established for all such loss contingency matters was $2 million. These liabilities are separate from those discussed under the heading Mortgage Loan Repurchase and Foreclosure Liability below.
In each material loss contingency matter, except as otherwise noted, there is more than a remote chance that any of the following outcomes will occur: the plaintiff will substantially prevail; the defense will substantially prevail; the plaintiff will prevail in part; or the matter will be settled by the parties. At September 30, 2023, FHN estimates that for all material loss contingency matters, estimable reasonably possible losses in future periods in excess of currently established liabilities could aggregate in a range from zero to less than $1 million.
As a result of the general uncertainties discussed above and the specific uncertainties discussed for each matter mentioned below, it is possible that the ultimate future loss experienced by FHN for any particular matter may materially exceed the amount, if any, of currently established liability for that matter.
Mortgage Loan Repurchase and Foreclosure Liability
FHN’s repurchase and foreclosure liability, primarily related to its pre-2009 mortgage origination, sale, securitization, and servicing businesses, is comprised of accruals to cover estimated loss content in the active pipeline, estimated future inflows, and estimated loss content related to certain known claims not currently included in the active pipeline. The active pipeline consists of mortgage loan repurchase and make-whole demands from loan purchasers or securitization participants, foreclosure/servicing demands from borrowers, and
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 10—CONTINGENCIES & OTHER DISCLOSURES
certain related exposures. FHN compares the estimated probable incurred losses determined under the applicable loss estimation approaches for the respective periods with current reserve levels. Changes in the estimated required liability levels are recorded as necessary through the repurchase and foreclosure provision.
Based on currently available information and experience to date, FHN has evaluated its loan repurchase, make-whole, foreclosure, and certain related exposures and has accrued for losses of $16 million as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accrued liabilities for FHN’s estimate of these obligations are reflected in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Charges/expense reversals to increase/decrease the liability are included within other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The estimates are based upon currently available information and fact patterns that exist as of each balance sheet date and could be subject to future changes. Changes to any one of these factors could significantly impact the estimate of FHN’s liability.
The most significant outstanding claim associated with FHN's pre-2009 businesses is a servicing indemnification claim asserted by Nationstar Mortgage LLC, currently doing business as “Mr. Cooper.” Nationstar was the purchaser of FHN’s mortgage servicing obligations and assets in 2013 and 2014 and was FHN’s subservicer. Nationstar asserts several categories of indemnity obligations in connection with mortgage loans under the
subservicing arrangement and under the purchase transaction. This matter currently is not in litigation, but litigation in the future is possible. FHN is unable to estimate an RPL range for this matter due to significant uncertainties regarding: the exact nature of each of Nationstar’s claims and its position in respect of each; the number of, and the facts underlying, the claimed instances of indemnifiable events; the applicability of FHN’s contractual indemnity covenants to those facts and events; and, in those cases where the facts and events might support an indemnity claim, whether any legal defenses, counterclaims, other counter-positions, or third-party claims might eliminate or reduce claims against FHN or their impact on FHN.
Other Disclosures
Indemnification Agreements and Guarantees
In the ordinary course of business, FHN enters into indemnification agreements for legal proceedings against its directors and officers and standard representations and warranties for underwriting agreements, merger and acquisition agreements, loan sales, contractual commitments, and various other business transactions or arrangements.
The extent of FHN’s obligations under these agreements depends upon the occurrence of future events; therefore, it is not possible to estimate a maximum potential amount of payouts that could be required by such agreements.
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 11—RETIREMENT PLANS
Note 11—Retirement Plans
FHN sponsors a noncontributory, qualified defined benefit pension plan to employees hired or re-hired on or before September 1, 2007. Pension benefits are based on years of service, average compensation near retirement or other termination, and estimated social security benefits at age 65. Benefits under the plan are “frozen” so that years of service and compensation changes after 2012 do not affect the benefit owed. Minimum contributions are based upon actuarially determined amounts necessary to fund the total benefit obligation. Decisions to contribute to the plan are based upon pension funding requirements under the Pension Protection Act, the maximum amount deductible under the Internal Revenue Code, the actual performance of plan assets, and trends in the regulatory environment. FHN made no contributions to the qualified pension plan in 2022. Management does not currently anticipate that FHN will make a contribution to the qualified pension plan in 2023.
FHN also maintains non-qualified plans including a supplemental retirement plan that covers certain
employees whose benefits under the qualified pension plan have been limited by tax rules. These other non-qualified plans are unfunded, and contributions to these plans cover all benefits paid under the non-qualified plans. Payments made under the non-qualified plans were $5 million for 2022. FHN anticipates making benefit payments under the non-qualified plans of $5 million in 2023.
Service cost is included in personnel expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. All other components of net periodic benefit cost are included in other expense.
For more information on FHN's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plans, see Note 17 - Retirement Plans and Other Employee Benefits in FHN's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the three and nine months ended September 30 were as follows:

COMPONENTS OF NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST
 Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)2023202220232022
Components of net periodic benefit cost
Interest cost$10 $$26 $15 
Expected return on plan assets(9)(6)(25)(18)
Amortization of unrecognized:
Actuarial (gain) loss3 9 
Net periodic benefit cost$4 $$10 $
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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12—BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
Note 12—Business Segment Information
FHN's operating segments are composed of the following:
Regional Banking segment offers financial products and services, including traditional lending and deposit taking, to commercial and consumer clients primarily in the southern U.S. and other selected markets. Regional Banking also provides investment, wealth management, financial planning, trust and asset management services for consumer clients.

Specialty Banking segment consists of lines of business that deliver product offerings and services with specialized industry knowledge. Specialty Banking’s lines of business include asset-based lending, mortgage warehouse lending, commercial real estate, franchise finance, correspondent banking, equipment finance, mortgage, and title insurance (prior to July 2022). In addition to traditional lending and deposit taking, Specialty Banking also delivers treasury management solutions, loan syndications, and international banking. Additionally, Specialty Banking has a line of business focused on fixed income securities sales, trading, underwriting, and strategies for institutional clients in the U.S. and abroad, as well as loan sales, portfolio advisory services, and derivative sales.

Corporate segment consists primarily of corporate support functions including risk management, audit,
accounting, finance, executive office, and corporate communications. Shared support services such as human resources, properties, technology, credit risk and bank operations are allocated to the activities of Regional Banking, Specialty Banking and Corporate. Additionally, the Corporate segment includes centralized management of capital and funding to support the business activities of the company including management of wholesale funding, liquidity, and capital management and allocation. The Corporate segment also includes the revenue and expense associated with run-off businesses such as pre-2009 mortgage banking elements, run-off consumer and trust preferred loan portfolios, and other exited businesses.

Periodically, FHN adapts its segments to reflect managerial or strategic changes. FHN may also modify its methodology of allocating expenses and equity among segments which could change historical segment results. Business segment revenue, expense, asset, and equity levels reflect those which are specifically identifiable, or which are allocated based on an internal allocation method. Because the allocations are based on internally developed assignments and allocations, to an extent they are subjective. Generally, all assignments and allocations have been consistently applied for all periods presented.

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3Q23 FORM 10-Q REPORT

PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12—BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The following tables present financial information for each reportable business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
SEGMENT FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Regional BankingSpecialty BankingCorporateConsolidated
Net interest income (expense)$583 $135 $(113)$605 
Provision for credit losses104 6  110 
Noninterest income109 46 18 173 
Noninterest expense (b)318 89 67 474 
Income (loss) before income taxes270 86 (162)194 
Income tax expense (benefit) (c)63 21 (32)52 
Net income (loss)$207 $65 $(130)$142 
Average assets$46,657 $20,687 $15,876 $83,220 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Regional BankingSpecialty BankingCorporateConsolidated
Net interest income (expense)$518 $138 $$662 
Provision for credit losses43 17 — 60 
Noninterest income (a)110 64 39 213 
Noninterest expense (b)303 105 61 469 
Income (loss) before income taxes282 80 (16)346 
Income tax expense (benefit)66 19 (7)78 
Net income (loss)$216 $61 $(9)$268 
Average assets$42,820 $19,745 $19,986 $82,551 
(a)2022 includes a $21 million gain related to the sale of the title insurance business and a $10 million gain on equity securities in the Corporate segment.
(b)2023 includes $10 million of restructuring costs in the Corporate segment. 2022 includes $24 million in merger and integration expenses related to the IBKC merger and TD Transaction in the Corporate segment.
(c)2023 includes $24 million in expense related to the surrender of bank owned life insurance policies and an $11 million benefit from merger-related tax items in the Corporate segment.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12—BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Regional BankingSpecialty BankingCorporateConsolidated
Net interest income (expense)$1,781 $390 $(248)$1,923 
Provision for credit losses189 26 (5)210 
Noninterest income (a)325 147 273 745 
Noninterest expense (b)960 270 278 1,508 
Income (loss) before income taxes957 241 (248)950 
Income tax expense (benefit) (c)224 58 (59)223 
Net income (loss)$733 $183 $(189)$727 
Average assets$45,594 $20,054 $15,823 $81,471 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Regional BankingSpecialty BankingCorporateConsolidated
Net interest income (expense)$1,410 $423 $(150)$1,683 
Provision for credit losses64 (4)(10)50 
Noninterest income (a)337 265 40 642 
Noninterest expense (b)906 352 192 1,450 
Income (loss) before income taxes777 340 (292)825 
Income tax expense (benefit)182 83 (82)183 
Net income (loss)$595 $257 $(210)$642 
Average assets$41,779 $20,073 $23,947 $85,799 
(a)2023 includes a $225 million gain on merger termination in the Corporate segment. 2022 includes a $12 million gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights in the Specialty Banking segment and a $21 million gain related to the sale of the title insurance business, a $10 million gain on equity securities and a $6 million gain related to a fintech investment in the Corporate segment.
(b)2023 includes $10 million of restructuring costs, a $50 million contribution to the First Horizon Foundation, $15 million in derivative valuation adjustments related to prior Visa Class-B share sales and $51 million in merger and integration planning expenses related to the TD Transaction in the Corporate segment. 2022 includes $99 million in merger and integration expenses related to the IBKC merger and TD Transaction and $12 million in derivative valuation adjustments related to prior Visa Class-B share sales in the Corporate segment.
(c)2023 includes $24 million in expense related to the surrender of bank owned life insurance policies and an $11 million benefit from merger-related tax items in the Corporate segment.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12—BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The following tables reflect a disaggregation of FHN’s noninterest income by major product line and reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

NONINTEREST INCOME DETAIL BY SEGMENT
Three months ended September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Regional BankingSpecialty BankingCorporateConsolidated
Noninterest income:
Deposit transactions and cash management$41 $3 $2 $46 
Fixed income (a) 28  28 
Brokerage, management fees and commissions21   21 
Card and digital banking fees19  1 20 
Other service charges and fees7 7  14 
Trust services and investment management12   12 
Mortgage banking and title income 7  7 
Other income (c)9 1 15 25 
Total noninterest income$109 $46 $18 $173 
Three months ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Regional BankingSpecialty BankingCorporateConsolidated
Noninterest income:
Deposit transactions and cash management$39 $$$43 
Fixed income (a)— 46 — 46 
Brokerage, management fees and commissions23 — — 23 
Card and digital banking fees19 — 21 
Other service charges and fees— 13 
Trust services and investment management11 — — 11 
Mortgage banking and title income— — 
Deferred compensation income — — (3)(3)
Securities gains (losses), net (b)— — 12 12 
Other income (c)10 26 38 
Total noninterest income$110 $64 $39 $213 
(a)2023 and 2022 includes $13 million of underwriting, portfolio advisory, and other noninterest income in scope of ASC 606, "Revenue From Contracts With Customers."
(b)Represents noninterest income excluded from the scope of ASC 606. Amount is presented for informational purposes to reconcile total noninterest income.
(c)Includes letter of credit fees and insurance commissions in scope of ASC 606.

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12—BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Regional BankingSpecialty BankingCorporateConsolidated
Noninterest income:
Deposit transactions and cash management$120 $7 $6 $133 
Fixed income (a) 98 (1)97 
Brokerage, management fees and commissions66   66 
Card and digital banking fees55 1 5 61 
Other service charges and fees23 18  41 
Trust services and investment management35   35 
Mortgage banking and title income 18  18 
Deferred compensation income  11 11 
Gain on merger termination  225 225 
Securities gains (losses), net (b)  1 1 
Other income (c)26 5 26 57 
Total noninterest income$325 $147 $273 $745 
Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Regional BankingSpecialty BankingCorporateConsolidated
Noninterest income:
Deposit transactions and cash management$115 $$$129 
Fixed income (a)— 170 — 170 
Brokerage, management fees and commissions71 — — 71 
Card and digital banking fees57 64 
Other service charges and fees24 17 — 41 
Trust services and investment management36 — — 36 
Mortgage banking and title income— 65 — 65 
Deferred compensation income— — (24)(24)
Securities gains (losses), net (b)— — 18 18 
Other income (c)34 34 72 
Total noninterest income$337 $265 $40 $642 
(a)2023 and 2022 includes $32 million and $33 million, respectively, of underwriting, portfolio advisory, and other noninterest income in scope of ASC 606, "Revenue From Contracts With Customers."
(b)Represents noninterest income excluded from the scope of ASC 606. Amount is presented for informational purposes to reconcile total noninterest income.
(c)Includes letter of credit fees and insurance commissions in scope of ASC 606.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 13—VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
Note 13—Variable Interest Entities
FHN makes equity investments in various entities that are considered VIEs, as defined by GAAP. A VIE typically does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The Company’s variable interest arises from contractual, ownership, or other monetary interests in the entity, which change with fluctuations in the fair value of the entity's net assets. FHN consolidates a VIE if FHN is the primary beneficiary of the entity. FHN is the primary beneficiary of a VIE if FHN's variable interest provides it with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE and the right to receive benefits (or the obligation to absorb losses) that could potentially be significant to the VIE. To determine whether or not a variable interest held could potentially be significant to the VIE, FHN considers both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of its involvement with the VIE. FHN assesses whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis.
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
FHN has established certain rabbi trusts related to deferred compensation plans offered to its employees.
FHN contributes employee cash compensation deferrals to the trusts and directs the underlying investments made by the trusts. The assets of these trusts are available to FHN’s creditors only in the event that FHN becomes insolvent. These trusts are considered VIEs as there is no equity at risk in the trusts since FHN provided the equity interest to its employees in exchange for services rendered. FHN is considered the primary beneficiary of the rabbi trusts as it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the rabbi trusts through its ability to direct the underlying investments made by the trusts. Additionally, FHN could potentially receive benefits or absorb losses that are significant to the trusts due to its right to receive any asset values in excess of liability payoffs and its obligation to fund any liabilities to employees that are in excess of a rabbi trust’s assets.
The following table summarizes the carrying value of assets and liabilities associated with rabbi trusts used for deferred compensation plans which are consolidated by FHN as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
CONSOLIDATED VIEs
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Assets:
Other assets$172 $181 
Liabilities:
Other liabilities$144 $150 
Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
Low Income Housing Tax Credit Partnerships
Through designated wholly-owned subsidiaries, First Horizon Bank makes equity investments as a limited partner in various partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects utilizing the LIHTC. The purpose of these investments is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital and to support FHN’s community reinvestment initiatives. LIHTC partnerships are managed by unrelated general partners that have the power to direct the activities which most significantly affect the performance of the partnerships. FHN is therefore not the primary beneficiary of any LIHTC partnerships. Accordingly, FHN does not
consolidate these VIEs and accounts for these investments in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
FHN accounts for all qualifying LIHTC investments under the proportional amortization method. Under this method an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance as a component of income tax expense. LIHTC investments that do not qualify for the proportional amortization method are accounted for using the equity method. Expenses associated with non-qualifying LIHTC investments were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 13—VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The following table summarizes the impact to income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 for LIHTC investments accounted for under the proportional amortization method.
LIHTC IMPACTS ON TAX EXPENSE
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(Dollars in millions)2023202220232022
Income tax expense (benefit):
Amortization of qualifying LIHTC investments$13 $11 $39 $33 
Low income housing tax credits(14)(11)(41)(35)
Other tax benefits related to qualifying LIHTC investments(3)(3)(8)(9)

Other Tax Credit Investments
Through designated subsidiaries, First Horizon Bank periodically makes equity investments as a non-managing member in various LLCs that sponsor community development projects utilizing the NMTC. First Horizon Bank also makes equity investments as a limited partner or non-managing member in entities that receive solar and historic tax credits. The purposes of these investments are to achieve a satisfactory return on capital and to support FHN’s community reinvestment initiatives. These entities are considered VIEs as First Horizon Bank's subsidiaries represent the holders of the equity investment at risk, but do not have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect the performance of the entities.
Small Issuer Trust Preferred Holdings
First Horizon Bank holds variable interests in trusts which have issued mandatorily redeemable preferred capital securities (“trust preferreds”) for smaller banking and insurance enterprises. First Horizon Bank has no voting rights for the trusts’ activities. The trusts’ only assets are junior subordinated debentures of the issuing enterprises. The creditors of the trusts hold no recourse to the assets of First Horizon Bank. Since First Horizon Bank is solely a holder of the trusts’ securities, it has no rights which would give it the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trusts’ economic performance and thus it is not considered the primary beneficiary of the trusts. First Horizon Bank has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the trusts.
On-Balance Sheet Trust Preferred Securitization
In 2007, First Horizon Bank executed a securitization of certain small issuer trust preferreds for which the underlying trust meets the definition of a VIE as the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have the power through voting rights, or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. Since First Horizon Bank did not retain servicing or other decision-making rights, First Horizon Bank is not the primary beneficiary as it does not
have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trust’s economic performance. Accordingly, First Horizon Bank has accounted for the funds received through the securitization as a term borrowing in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. First Horizon Bank has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the trust.
Holdings in Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities
FHN holds securities issued by various Agency securitization trusts. Based on their restrictive nature, the trusts meet the definition of a VIE since the holders of the equity investments at risk do not have the power through voting rights, or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. FHN could potentially receive benefits or absorb losses that are significant to the trusts based on the nature of the trusts’ activities and the size of FHN’s holdings. However, FHN is solely a holder of the trusts’ securities and does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trusts’ economic performance and is not considered the primary beneficiary of the trusts. FHN has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the trusts.
Commercial Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
For certain troubled commercial loans, First Horizon Bank modifies the terms of the borrower’s debt in an effort to increase the probability of receipt of amounts contractually due. Following a modification to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, the borrower entity typically meets the definition of a VIE as the initial determination of whether an entity is a VIE must be reconsidered as events have proven that the entity’s equity is not sufficient to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or a restructuring of the terms of its financing. As First Horizon Bank does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact such troubled commercial borrowers’ operations, it is not considered the primary beneficiary even in situations where, based on the size of
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 13—VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
the financing provided, First Horizon Bank is exposed to potentially significant benefits and losses of the borrowing entity. First Horizon Bank has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the borrowing entities beyond certain funding commitments established upon restructuring of the terms of the debt that allows for preparation of the underlying collateral for sale.
Proprietary Trust Preferred Issuances
In conjunction with its acquisitions, FHN acquired junior subordinated debt underlying multiple issuances of trust preferred debt. All of the trusts are considered VIEs
because the ownership interests from the capital contributions to these trusts are not considered “at risk” in evaluating whether the holders of the equity investments at risk in the trusts have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. Thus, FHN cannot be the trusts’ primary beneficiary because its ownership interests in the trusts are not considered variable interests as they are not considered “at risk”. Consequently, none of the trusts are consolidated by FHN. The following tables summarize FHN’s nonconsolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
NONCONSOLIDATED VIEs AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions) 
Maximum
Loss Exposure
Liability
Recognized
Classification
Type 
Low income housing partnerships$498 $155 (a)
Other tax credit investments (b)81 65 Other assets
Small issuer trust preferred holdings (c)173 — Loans and leases
On-balance sheet trust preferred securitization27 87 (d)
Holdings of agency mortgage-backed securities (c)7,907 — (e)
Commercial loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (f)39 — Loans and leases
Proprietary trust preferred issuances (g)— 167 Term borrowings
(a)Maximum loss exposure represents $343 million of current investments and $155 million of accrued contractual funding commitments. Accrued funding commitments represent unconditional contractual obligations for future funding events and are also recognized in other liabilities. FHN currently expects to be required to fund these accrued commitments by the end of 2024.
(b)Maximum loss exposure represents the value of current investments.
(c)Maximum loss exposure represents the value of current investments. A liability is not recognized as FHN is solely a holder of the trusts’ securities.
(d)Includes $112 million classified as loans and leases and $2 million classified as trading securities, which are offset by $87 million classified as term borrowings.
(e)Includes $147 million classified as trading securities, $1.3 billion classified as held to maturity and $6.4 billion classified as securities available for sale.
(f)Maximum loss exposure represents $39 million of current receivables with no additional contractual funding commitments on loans related to commercial loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
(g)No exposure to loss due to nature of FHN's involvement.
NONCONSOLIDATED VIEs AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Maximum
Loss Exposure
Liability
Recognized
Classification
Type 
Low income housing partnerships$463 $154 (a)
Other tax credit investments (b)85 67 Other assets
Small issuer trust preferred holdings (c)171 — Loans and leases
On-balance sheet trust preferred securitization27 87 (d)
Holdings of agency mortgage-backed securities (c)8,652 — (e)
Commercial loan troubled debt restructurings (f)53 — Loans and leases
Proprietary trust preferred issuances (g)  167 Term borrowings
(a)Maximum loss exposure represents $309 million of current investments and $154 million of accrued contractual funding commitments. Accrued funding commitments represent unconditional contractual obligations for future funding events and are also recognized in other liabilities. FHN currently expects to be required to fund these accrued commitments by the end of 2024.
(b)Maximum loss exposure represents current investments.
(c)Maximum loss exposure represents the value of current investments. A liability is not recognized as FHN is solely a holder of the trusts’ securities.
(d)Includes $112 million classified as loans and leases and $2 million classified as trading securities, which are offset by $87 million classified as term borrowings.
(e)Includes $205 million classified as trading securities, $1.4 billion classified as held to maturity and $7.1 billion classified as securities available for sale.
(f)Maximum loss exposure represents $53 million of current receivables with no additional contractual funding commitments on loans related to commercial borrowers involved in a troubled debt restructuring.
(g)No exposure to loss due to nature of FHN's involvement.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14—DERIVATIVES
Note 14—Derivatives
In the normal course of business, FHN utilizes various financial instruments (including derivative contracts and credit-related agreements) through its fixed income and risk management operations, as part of its risk management strategy and as a means to meet clients’ needs. Derivative instruments are subject to credit and market risks in excess of the amount recorded on the balance sheet as required by GAAP. The contractual or notional amounts of these financial instruments do not necessarily represent the amount of credit or market risk. However, they can be used to measure the extent of involvement in various types of financial instruments. Controls and monitoring procedures for these instruments have been established and are routinely reevaluated. The ALCO controls, coordinates, and monitors the usage and effectiveness of these financial instruments.
Credit risk represents the potential loss that may occur if a party to a transaction fails to perform according to the terms of the contract. The measure of credit exposure is the replacement cost of contracts with a positive fair value. FHN manages credit risk by entering into financial instrument transactions through national exchanges, primary dealers or approved counterparties, and by using mutual margining and master netting agreements whenever possible to limit potential exposure. FHN also maintains collateral posting requirements with certain counterparties to limit credit risk. Daily margin posted or received with central clearinghouses is considered a legal settlement of the related derivative contracts which results in a net presentation for each contract in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Treatment of daily margin as a settlement has no effect on hedge accounting or gains/losses for the applicable derivative contracts. On September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, FHN had $629 million and $159 million of cash receivables and $27 million and $42 million of cash payables related to collateral posting under master netting arrangements, inclusive of collateral posted related to contracts with adjustable collateral posting thresholds and over-collateralized positions, with derivative counterparties. With exchange-traded contracts, the credit risk is limited to the clearinghouse used. For non-exchange traded instruments, credit risk may occur when there is a gain in the fair value of the financial instrument and the counterparty fails to perform according to the terms of the contract and/or when the collateral proves to be of insufficient value. See additional discussion regarding master netting agreements and collateral posting requirements later in this note under the heading “Master Netting and Similar Agreements.” Market risk represents the potential loss due to the decrease in the value of a financial instrument caused primarily by changes in interest rates or the prices of debt instruments. FHN manages market risk by establishing and monitoring limits on the types and degree of risk that may be undertaken.
FHN continually measures this risk through the use of models that measure value-at-risk and earnings-at-risk.
Derivative Instruments
FHN enters into various derivative contracts both to facilitate client transactions and as a risk management tool. Where contracts have been created for clients, FHN enters into upstream transactions with dealers to offset its risk exposure. Contracts with dealers that require central clearing are novated to a clearing agent who becomes FHN’s counterparty. Derivatives are also used as a risk management tool to hedge FHN’s exposure to changes in interest rates or other defined market risks.
Forward contracts are over-the-counter contracts where two parties agree to purchase and sell a specific quantity of a financial instrument at a specified price, with delivery or settlement at a specified date. Futures contracts are exchange-traded contracts where two parties agree to purchase and sell a specific quantity of a financial instrument at a specified price, with delivery or settlement at a specified date. Interest rate option contracts give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specified quantity of a financial instrument, at a specified price, during a specified period of time. Caps and floors are options that are linked to a notional principal amount and an underlying indexed interest rate. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange of interest payments at specified intervals between two parties without the exchange of any underlying principal. Swaptions are options on interest rate swaps that give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to enter into an interest rate swap agreement during a specified period of time.
Trading Activities
FHNF trades U.S. Treasury, U.S. Agency, government-guaranteed loan, mortgage-backed, corporate and municipal fixed income securities, and other securities for distribution to clients. When these securities settle on a delayed basis, they are considered forward contracts. FHNF also enters into interest rate contracts, including caps, swaps, and floors, for its clients. In addition, FHNF enters into futures and option contracts to economically hedge interest rate risk associated with a portion of its securities inventory. These transactions are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in noninterest income. Related assets and liabilities are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as derivative assets and derivative liabilities within other assets and other liabilities. The FHNF Risk Committee and the Credit Risk Management Committee collaborate to mitigate credit risk related to these transactions. Credit risk is controlled through credit approvals, risk control limits, and ongoing monitoring procedures. Total trading revenues were $19 million and $34 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, $68 million
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14—DERIVATIVES
and $133 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Trading revenues are inclusive of both derivative and non-derivative financial instruments and are included in fixed income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table summarizes derivatives associated with FHNF's trading activities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
DERIVATIVES ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING
 September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)NotionalAssetsLiabilities
Customer interest rate contracts$3,724 $4 $311 
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts3,958 222 6 
Forwards and futures purchased1,202 1 7 
Forwards and futures sold1,275 8 1 
 
 December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)NotionalAssetsLiabilities
Customer interest rate contracts$3,076 $$270 
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts3,076 91 
Option contracts purchased40 — — 
Forwards and futures purchased1,127 
Forwards and futures sold1,256 

Interest Rate Risk Management
FHN’s ALCO focuses on managing market risk by controlling and limiting earnings volatility attributable to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk exists to the extent that interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have different maturity or repricing characteristics. FHN uses derivatives, primarily swaps, that are designed to moderate the impact on earnings as interest rates change. Interest paid or received for swaps utilized by FHN to hedge the fair value of long-term debt is recognized as an adjustment of the interest expense of the liabilities whose risk is being managed. FHN’s interest rate risk management policy is to use derivatives to hedge interest rate risk or market value of assets or liabilities,
not to speculate. In addition, FHN has entered into certain interest rate swaps and caps as a part of a product offering to commercial clients that includes customer derivatives paired with upstream offsetting market instruments that, when completed, are designed to mitigate interest rate risk. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and are measured at fair value with gains or losses included in current earnings in noninterest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following tables summarize FHN’s derivatives associated with interest rate risk management activities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
 
DERIVATIVES ASSOCIATED WITH INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT
 September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)NotionalAssetsLiabilities
Customer Interest Rate Contracts Hedging 
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items: 
Customer interest rate contracts$8,563 $1 $631 
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts8,563 626 2 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14—DERIVATIVES
 December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)NotionalAssetsLiabilities
Customer Interest Rate Contracts Hedging
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items: 
Customer interest rate contracts$8,377 $$570 
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts8,377 351 
The following table summarizes gains (losses) on FHN’s derivatives associated with interest rate risk management activities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
DERIVATIVE GAINS (LOSSES) ASSOCIATED WITH INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
(Dollars in millions)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)
Customer Interest Rate Contracts Hedging
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items:
Customer interest rate contracts (a)$(95)$271 $(63)$788 
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts (a)95 (271)63 (788)
(a)Gains (losses) included in other expense within the Consolidated Statements of Income.


Cash Flow Hedges
Prior to 2021, FHN entered into pay floating, receive fixed interest rate swaps designed to manage its exposure to the variability in cash flows related to interest payments on debt instruments. The debt instruments primarily consist of held-to-maturity commercial loans that have variable interest payments that historically were based on 1-month LIBOR. In second quarter 2023, the remaining hedge was revised to reference 1-month Term SOFR after the cessation of LIBOR-based cash flows. In conjunction with the IBKC merger, FHN acquired interest rate contracts (floors and collars) which were re-designated as cash flow hedges. The debt instruments associated with these hedges also primarily consisted of held-to-maturity commercial loans that had variable interest payments that were based on 1-month LIBOR. The last hedge acquired in conjunction with the IBKC merger matured in second quarter 2023.
In 2022, FHN entered into interest rate contracts (floors and swaps) which have been designated as cash flow hedges. These hedges reference 1-month Term SOFR and FHN has made certain elections under ASU 2020-04 to facilitate qualification for hedge accounting during the time that hedged items transition away from 1-Month LIBOR.
In a cash flow hedge, the entire change in the fair value of the interest rate derivatives included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is initially recorded in OCI and is subsequently reclassified from OCI to current period earnings (interest income or interest expense) in the same period that the hedged item affects earnings.
The following tables summarize FHN’s derivative activities associated with cash flow hedges as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
DERIVATIVES ASSOCIATED WITH CASH FLOW HEDGES
 September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)NotionalAssetsLiabilities
Cash Flow Hedges 
Hedging Instruments: 
Interest rate contracts$5,200 $ $118 
Hedged Items:
Variability in cash flows related to debt instruments (primarily loans)N/A$5,200 N/A
 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14—DERIVATIVES
 December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)NotionalAssetsLiabilities
Cash Flow Hedges
Hedging Instruments: 
Interest rate contracts$5,350 $— $71 
Hedged Items:
Variability in cash flows related to debt instruments (primarily loans)N/A$5,350 N/A

The following table summarizes gains (losses) on FHN’s derivatives associated with cash flow hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
DERIVATIVE GAINS (LOSSES) ASSOCIATED WITH CASH FLOW HEDGES
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
(Dollars in millions)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)
Cash Flow Hedges
Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate contracts (a)$(30)$(138)$(44)$(105)
       Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)(34)(103)(60)(149)
       Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into interest income14 38 
(a)Approximately $29 million of pre-tax losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months.


Other Derivatives
FHN has mortgage banking operations that include the origination and sale of loans into the secondary market. As part of the origination of loans, FHN enters into interest rate lock commitments with borrowers. Additionally, FHN
enters into forward sales contracts with buyers for delivery of loans at a future date. Both of these contracts qualify as freestanding derivatives and are recognized at fair value through earnings. The notional and fair values of these contracts are presented in the table below.
DERIVATIVES ASSOCIATED WITH MORTGAGE BANKING HEDGES
September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)NotionalAssetsLiabilities
Mortgage Banking Hedges
Option contracts written$84 $1 $ 
Forward contracts written129 1  

December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)NotionalAssetsLiabilities
Mortgage Banking Hedges
Option contracts written$35 $— $— 
Forward contracts written61 — — 

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14—DERIVATIVES
The following table summarizes gains (losses) on FHN's derivatives associated with mortgage banking activities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
DERIVATIVE GAINS (LOSSES) ASSOCIATED WITH MORTGAGE BANKING HEDGES
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(Dollars in millions)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)Gains (Losses)
Mortgage Banking Hedges
Option contracts written$ $$(2)$
Forward contracts written(2)2 33 

In conjunction with pre-2020 sales of Visa Class B shares, FHN entered into derivative transactions whereby FHN will make or receive cash payments whenever the conversion ratio of the Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares is adjusted. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the derivative liabilities associated with the sales of Visa Class B shares were $26 million and $27 million, respectively. FHN recognized $15 million in derivative valuation adjustments related to prior sales of Visa Class B shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $22 million in derivative valuation adjustments related to prior sales of Visa Class B shares for the year ended December 31, 2022. See Note 16 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities for discussion of the valuation inputs and processes for these Visa-related derivatives.
FHN utilizes cross currency swaps and cross currency interest rate swaps to economically hedge its exposure to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk associated with non-U.S. dollar denominated loans. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, these loans were valued at $16 million and $9 million, respectively. The balance sheet amount and the gains/losses associated with these derivatives were not significant.
Related to its loan participation/syndication activities, FHN enters into risk participation agreements, under which it assumes exposure for, or receives indemnification for, borrowers’ performance on underlying interest rate derivative contracts. FHN's counterparties in these contracts are other lending institutions involved in the loan participation/syndication arrangements for which the underlying interest rate derivative contract is intended to hedge interest rate risk for the borrower. FHN will make (other institution is the lead bank) or receive (FHN is the lead bank) payments for risk participations if the borrower defaults on its obligation to perform under the terms of its interest rate derivative agreement with the lead bank in the participation.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the notional values of FHN’s risk participations were $353 million and $242 million of derivative assets and $896 million and $742 million of derivative liabilities,
respectively. The notional value for risk participation/syndication agreements is consistent with the percentage of participation in the lending arrangement. FHN's maximum exposure or benefit in the risk participation agreements is contingent on the fair value of the underlying interest rate derivative contracts for which the borrower is in a liability position at the time of default. FHN monitors the credit risk associated with the borrowers to which the risk participations relate through the same credit risk assessment process utilized for establishing credit loss estimates for its loan portfolio. These credit risk estimates are included in the determination of fair value for the risk participations. Assuming all underlying third-party customers referenced in the swap contracts defaulted at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the exposure from these agreements would not be material based on the fair value of the underlying swaps.
FHN holds certain certificates of deposit with the rate of return based on an equity index which is considered an embedded derivative as a written option that must be separately recognized. The risks of the written option are offset by purchasing an option with terms that mirror the written option, which is also carried at fair value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, FHN recognized an insignificant amount of assets and liabilities associated with these contracts.
Master Netting and Similar Agreements
FHN uses master netting agreements, mutual margining agreements and collateral posting requirements to minimize credit risk on derivative contracts. Master netting and similar agreements are used when counterparties have multiple derivatives contracts that allow for a “right of setoff,” meaning that a counterparty may net offsetting positions and collateral with the same counterparty under the contract to determine a net receivable or payable. The following discussion provides an overview of these arrangements which may vary due to the derivative type and market in which a derivative transaction is executed.
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NOTE 14—DERIVATIVES
Interest rate derivatives are subject to agreements consistent with standard agreement forms of the ISDA. Currently, all interest rate derivative contracts are entered into as over-the-counter transactions and collateral posting requirements are based on the net asset or liability position with each respective counterparty. For contracts that require central clearing, novation to a counterparty with access to a clearinghouse occurs and initial margin is posted.
Cash margin received (posted) that is considered settlements for the derivative contracts is included in the respective derivative asset (liability) value. Cash margin that is considered collateral received (posted) for interest rate derivatives is recognized as a liability (asset) on FHN’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Interest rate derivatives with clients that are smaller financial institutions typically require posting of collateral by the counterparty to FHN. This collateral is subject to a threshold with daily adjustments based upon changes in the level or fair value of the derivative position. Positions and related collateral can be netted in the event of default. Collateral pledged by a counterparty is typically cash or securities. The securities pledged as collateral are not recognized within FHN’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest rate derivatives associated with lending arrangements share the collateral with the related loan(s). The derivative and loan positions may be netted in the event of default. For disclosure purposes, the entire collateral amount is allocated to the loan.
Interest rate derivatives with larger financial institutions typically contain provisions whereby the collateral posting thresholds under the agreements adjust based on the credit ratings of both counterparties. If the credit rating of FHN and/or First Horizon Bank is lowered, FHN could be required to post additional collateral with the counterparties. Conversely, if the credit rating of FHN and/or First Horizon Bank is increased, FHN could have collateral released and be required to post less collateral in the future. Also, if a counterparty’s credit ratings were to decrease, FHN and/or First Horizon Bank could require the posting of additional collateral; whereas if a counterparty’s credit ratings were to increase, the counterparty could require the release of excess collateral. Collateral for these arrangements is adjusted daily based on changes in the net fair value position with each counterparty.
The net fair value, determined by individual counterparty, of all derivative instruments with adjustable collateral
posting thresholds was $6 million of assets and $310 million of liabilities on September 30, 2023, and $5 million of assets and $268 million of liabilities on December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, FHN had received collateral of $86 million and $106 million and posted collateral of $138 million and $61 million, respectively, in the normal course of business related to these agreements.
Certain agreements also contain accelerated termination provisions, inclusive of the right of offset, if a counterparty’s credit rating falls below a specified level. If a counterparty’s debt rating (including FHN’s and First Horizon Bank’s) were to fall below these minimums, these provisions would be triggered, and the counterparties could terminate the agreements and require immediate settlement of all derivative contracts under the agreements. The net fair value, determined by individual counterparty, of all interest rate derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent accelerated termination provisions was $624 million of assets and $310 million of liabilities on September 30, 2023, and $378 million of assets and $268 million of liabilities on December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, FHN had received collateral of $709 million and $479 million and posted collateral of $138 million and $61 million, respectively, in the normal course of business related to these contracts.
FHNF buys and sells various types of securities for its clients. When these securities settle on a delayed basis, they are considered forward contracts, and are generally not subject to master netting agreements. For futures and options, FHN transacts through a third party, and the transactions are subject to margin and collateral maintenance requirements. In the event of default, open positions can be offset along with the associated collateral.
For this disclosure, FHN considers the impact of master netting and other similar agreements which allow FHN to settle all contracts with a single counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net derivative asset or liability position with the related securities and cash collateral. The application of the collateral cannot reduce the net derivative asset or liability position below zero, and therefore any excess collateral is not reflected in the following tables.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14—DERIVATIVES
The following table provides details of derivative assets and collateral received as presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

DERIVATIVE ASSETS & COLLATERAL RECEIVED
    Gross amounts not offset in the Balance Sheets 
(Dollars in millions)Gross amounts
of recognized
assets
Gross amounts
offset in the
Balance Sheets
Net amounts of
assets presented
in the Balance Sheets (a)
Derivative
liabilities
available for
offset
Collateral
received
Net amount
Derivative assets:
September 30, 2023
Interest rate derivative contracts$853 $ $853 $(96)$(662)$95 
Forward contracts8  8 (4) 4 
$861 $ $861 $(100)$(662)$99 
December 31, 2022
Interest rate derivative contracts$449 $— $449 $(58)$(378)$13 
Forward contracts— (6)(2)
$458 $— $458 $(64)$(380)$14 
(a)Included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $2 million and $2 million, respectively, of derivative assets have been excluded from these tables because they are generally not subject to master netting or similar agreements.
The following table provides details of derivative liabilities and collateral pledged as presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
 
DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES & COLLATERAL PLEDGED
    Gross amounts not offset
 in the Balance Sheets
 
(Dollars in millions)Gross amounts
of recognized
liabilities
Gross amounts
offset in the
Balance Sheets
Net amounts of
liabilities presented
in the Balance Sheets (a)
Derivative
assets 
available for
offset
Collateral
pledged
Net amount
Derivative liabilities:
September 30, 2023
Interest rate derivative contracts$1,068 $ $1,068 $(96)$(238)$734 
Forward contracts8  8 (4)(1)3 
$1,076 $ $1,076 $(100)$(239)$737 
December 31, 2022
Interest rate derivative contracts$921 $— $921 $(58)$(175)$688 
Forward contracts— (6)(1)
$929 $— $929 $(64)$(176)$689 
(a)Included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $27 million and $29 million, respectively, of derivative liabilities (primarily Visa-related derivatives) have been excluded from these tables because they are generally not subject to master netting or similar agreements.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 15—MASTER NETTING & SIMILAR AGREEMENTS
Note 15—Master Netting and Similar Agreements—Repurchase, Reverse Repurchase, and Securities Borrowing Transactions
For repurchase, reverse repurchase and securities borrowing transactions, FHN and each counterparty have the ability to offset all open positions and related collateral in the event of default. Due to the nature of these transactions, the value of the collateral for each transaction approximates the value of the corresponding receivable or payable. For repurchase agreements through FHN’s fixed income business (securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase), transactions are collateralized by securities and/or government guaranteed loans which are delivered on the settlement date and are maintained throughout the term of the transaction. For FHN’s repurchase agreements through banking activities (securities sold under agreements to repurchase), securities are typically pledged at settlement and not released until maturity. For asset positions, the collateral is not included on FHN’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. For liability positions, securities collateral pledged by FHN is generally represented within FHN’s trading or available-for-sale securities portfolios.
For this disclosure, FHN considers the impact of master netting and other similar agreements that allow FHN to settle all contracts with a single counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net asset or liability position with the related securities collateral. The application of the collateral cannot reduce the net asset or liability position below zero, and therefore any excess collateral is not reflected in the tables below.
Securities purchased under agreements to resell is included in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase is included in short-term borrowings.
The following table provides details of securities purchased under agreements to resell and collateral pledged by counterparties as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
SECURITIES PURCHASED UNDER AGREEMENTS TO RESELL
    Gross amounts not offset in the
Balance Sheets
 
(Dollars in millions)Gross amounts
of recognized
assets
Gross amounts
offset in the
Balance Sheets
Net amounts of
assets presented
in the Balance Sheets
Offsetting
securities sold
under agreements
to repurchase
Securities collateral
(not recognized on
FHN’s Balance Sheets)
Net amount
Securities purchased under agreements to resell:
September 30, 2023$363 $ $363 $ $(361)$2 
December 31, 2022353 — 353 (10)(340)
The following table provides details of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and collateral pledged by FHN as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE
    Gross amounts not offset in the
Balance Sheets
 
(Dollars in millions)Gross amounts
of recognized
liabilities
Gross amounts
offset in the
Balance Sheets
Net amounts of
liabilities presented
in the Balance Sheets
Offsetting
securities
purchased under
agreements to resell
Securities/
government
guaranteed loans
collateral
Net amount
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:
September 30, 2023$1,707 $ $1,707 $ $(1,707)$ 
December 31, 20221,013 — 1,013 (10)(1,003)— 
Due to the short duration of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and the nature of collateral involved, the risks associated with these transactions are considered minimal.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 15—MASTER NETTING & SIMILAR AGREEMENTS
The following table provides details, by collateral type, of the remaining contractual maturity of securities sold under agreements to repurchase as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
MATURITIES OF SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE
 September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Overnight and
Continuous
Up to 30 DaysTotal
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:
Government agency issued MBS$1,508 $ $1,508 
Government agency issued CMO159  159 
Other U.S. government agencies40  40 
Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase$1,707 $ $1,707 
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Overnight and
Continuous
Up to 30 DaysTotal
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:
U.S. treasuries$10 $— $10 
Government agency issued MBS851 — 851 
Government agency issued CMO122 — 122 
Other U.S. government agencies30 — 30 
Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase$1,013 $— $1,013 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
Note 16—Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
FHN groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. This hierarchy requires FHN to maximize the use of observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. Each fair value measurement is placed into the proper level based on the lowest level of significant input. These levels are:
Level 1—Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2—Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3—Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
BALANCES OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
 September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Trading securities:
U.S. treasuries$— $24 $— $24 
Government agency issued MBS— 53 — 53 
Government agency issued CMO— 94 — 94 
Other U.S. government agencies— 252 — 252 
States and municipalities— 26 — 26 
Corporate and other debt— 759 — 759 
Interest-only strips (elected fair value)— — 23 23 
Total trading securities— 1,208 23 1,231 
Loans held for sale (elected fair value)— 67 21 88 
Securities available for sale:
Government agency issued MBS— 4,325 — 4,325 
Government agency issued CMO— 2,100 — 2,100 
Other U.S. government agencies— 1,128 — 1,128 
States and municipalities— 547 — 547 
Total securities available for sale— 8,100 — 8,100 
Other assets:
Deferred compensation mutual funds99 — — 99 
Equity, mutual funds, and other23 — — 23 
Derivatives, forwards and futures10 — — 10 
Derivatives, interest rate contracts— 853 — 853 
Total other assets132 853 — 985 
Total assets$132 $10,228 $44 $10,404 
Trading liabilities:
U.S. treasuries$— $301 $— $301 
Other U.S. government agencies— — 
Government agency issued MBS— — 
Corporate and other debt— 55 — 55 
Total trading liabilities— 366 — 366 
Other liabilities:
Derivatives, forwards and futures— — 
Derivatives, interest rate contracts— 1,068 — 1,068 
Derivatives, other— — 26 26 
Total other liabilities1,068 26 1,102 
Total liabilities$$1,434 $26 $1,468 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
 December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Trading securities:
U.S. treasuries$— $101 $— $101 
Government agency issued MBS— 144 — 144 
Government agency issued CMO— 61 — 61 
Other U.S. government agencies— 115 — 115 
States and municipalities— 54 — 54 
Corporate and other debt— 875 — 875 
Interest-only strips (elected fair value)— — 25 25 
Total trading securities— 1,350 25 1,375 
Loans held for sale (elected fair value)— 29 22 51 
Securities available for sale:
Government agency issued MBS— 4,763 — 4,763 
Government agency issued CMO— 2,313 — 2,313 
Other U.S. government agencies— 1,163 — 1,163 
States and municipalities— 597 — 597 
Total securities available for sale— 8,836 — 8,836 
Other assets:
Deferred compensation mutual funds112 — — 112 
Equity, mutual funds, and other22 — — 22 
Derivatives, forwards and futures— — 
Derivatives, interest rate contracts— 449 — 449 
Derivatives, other— — 
Total other assets143 451 — 594 
Total assets$143 $10,666 $47 $10,856 
Trading liabilities:
U.S. treasuries$— $275 $— $275 
Government agency issued MBS— — 
Corporate and other debt— 58 — 58 
Total trading liabilities— 335 — 335 
Other liabilities:
Derivatives, forwards and futures— — 
Derivatives, interest rate contracts— 922 — 922 
Derivatives, other— 27 28 
Total other liabilities923 27 958 
Total liabilities$$1,258 $27 $1,293 
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
Changes in Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:
CHANGES IN LEVEL 3 ASSETS & LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 
(Dollars in millions)Interest-only stripsLoans held
for sale
Net 
derivative
liabilities
Balance on July 1, 2023$36 $22 $(34)
Total net gains (losses) included in net income(4)— — 
Sales(30)— — 
Settlements— (1)
Net transfers into (out of) Level 321 (b)— — 
Balance on September 30, 2023$23 $21 $(26)
Net unrealized gains (losses) included in net income$(2)(c)$— (a)$— (d)
 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 
(Dollars in millions)Interest-only stripsLoans held
for sale
Net 
derivative
liabilities
Balance on July 1, 2022$26  $34 $(28)
Total net gains (losses) included in net income(2) — (1)
Sales(23)(14)— 
Settlements— — 
Repayments— (1)— 
Net transfers into (out of) Level 322 (b)— 
Balance on September 30, 2022$23  $20 $(20)
Net unrealized gains (losses) included in net income$(1)(c)$— (a)$(1)(d)
(a)Primarily included in mortgage banking and title income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(b)Transfers into interest-only strips level 3 measured on a recurring basis reflect movements from loans held for sale (Level 2 nonrecurring).
(c)Primarily included in fixed income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(d)Included in other expense.


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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:

CHANGES IN LEVEL 3 ASSETS & LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 
(Dollars in millions)Interest-only stripsLoans held
for sale
Net 
derivative
liabilities
Balance on January 1, 2023$25 $22  $(27)
Total net gains (losses) included in net income(10)—  (15)
Purchases—  — 
Sales(38)(2)— 
Settlements— (1)16 
Net transfers into (out of) Level 346 (b)— — 
Balance on September 30, 2023$23 $21  $(26)
Net unrealized gains (losses) included in net income$(4)(c)$— (a)$(15)(d)

 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 
(Dollars in millions)Interest-only stripsLoans held
for sale
Net 
derivative
liabilities
Balance on January 1, 2022$38 $28  $(23)
Total net gains (losses) included in net income(5)—  (13)
Purchases—  — 
Sales(61)(14)— 
Settlements— (1)16 
Repayments— (1)— 
Net transfers into (out of) Level 351 (b)— 
Balance on September 30, 2022$23 $20  $(20)
Net unrealized gains (losses) included in net income$(2)(c)$— (a)$(13)(d)
(a)Primarily included in mortgage banking and title income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(b)Transfers into interest-only strips level 3 measured on a recurring basis reflect movements from loans held for sale (Level 2 nonrecurring).
(c)Primarily included in fixed income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(d)Included in other expense.

There were no net unrealized gains (losses) for Level 3 assets and liabilities included in other comprehensive income as of September 30, 2023 and 2022.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
From time to time, FHN may be required to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower of cost or market (LOCOM) accounting or write-downs of individual assets. For assets
measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis which were still held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, the following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the related carrying value.
LEVEL OF VALUATION ASSUMPTIONS FOR ASSETS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A NON-RECURRING BASIS
 Carrying value at September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Loans held for sale—SBAs and USDA$— $496 $— $496 
Loans and leases (a)— — 223 223 
OREO (b)— — 
Other assets (c)— — 92 92 
 
 Carrying value at December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Loans held for sale—SBAs and USDA$— $506 $— $506 
Loans and leases (a)— — 135 135 
OREO (b)— — 
Other assets (c)— — 91 91 
(a)Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for credit losses.
(b)Represents the fair value and related losses of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as OREO. Balance excludes OREO related to government insured mortgages.
(c)Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.
For assets measured on a nonrecurring basis which were still held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at period end, the following table provides information about the fair value adjustments recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENTS ON ASSETS MEASURED ON A NONRECURRING BASIS
Net gains (losses)
Three Months Ended September 30,
Net gains (losses)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)2023202220232022
Loans held for sale—SBAs and USDA$(1)$(2)$(2)$(4)
Loans and leases (a)(15)(6)(29)(7)
Other assets (b)(1)(4)(5)(8)
$(17)$(12)$(36)$(19)
(a)Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for credit losses.
(b)Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.


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NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
Lease asset impairments recognized represent the reduction in value of the right-of-use assets associated with leases that are being exited in advance of the contractual lease expiration.
Impairments are measured using a discounted cash flow methodology, which is considered a Level 3 valuation.
Impairments of long-lived tangible assets reflect locations where the associated land and building are either owned or leased. The fair values of owned sites were determined using estimated sales prices from appraisals and broker opinions less estimated costs to sell with adjustments upon final disposition. The fair values of owned assets in leased sites (e.g., leasehold improvements) were determined using a discounted cash flow approach, based
on the revised estimated useful lives of the related assets. Both measurement methodologies are considered Level 3 valuations. Impairment adjustments recognized upon disposition of a location are considered Level 2 valuations.
Fixed asset and leased asset impairments were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Level 3 Measurements
The following table provides information regarding the unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value of Level 3 recurring and non-recurring measurements as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS USED IN LEVEL 3 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
(Dollars in millions)Values Utilized
Level 3 ClassFair Value at September 30, 2023Valuation TechniquesUnobservable InputRangeWeighted Average (d)
Trading securities - SBA interest-only strips$23 Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate
12% - 13%
13%
Bond equivalent yield
18% - 19%
18%
Loans held for sale - residential real estate$21 Discounted cash flowPrepayment speeds - First mortgage
2% - 7%
3%
Foreclosure losses
64% - 73%
65%
Loss severity trends - First mortgage
0% - 8%
of UPB
4%
Derivative liabilities, other$26 Discounted cash flowVisa covered litigation resolution amount
$5.7 billion - $6.7 billion
$6.3 billion
Probability of resolution scenarios
10% - 25%
18%
   Time until resolution
12 - 36 months
26 months
Loans and leases (a)$223 Appraisals from comparable propertiesMarketability adjustments for specific properties
0% - 10%
of appraisal
NM
Other collateral valuationsBorrowing base certificates adjustment
20% - 50% of gross value
NM
   Financial Statements/Auction values adjustment
0% - 25%
of reported value
NM
OREO (b)$Appraisals from comparable propertiesAdjustment for value changes since appraisal
0% - 10%
of appraisal
NM
Other assets (c)$92 Discounted cash flowAdjustments to current sales yields for specific properties
0% - 15% adjustment to yield
NM
  Appraisals from comparable propertiesMarketability adjustments for specific properties
0% - 25%
of appraisal
NM
 NM - Not meaningful
(a)Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for credit losses.
(b)Represents the fair value of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as OREO. Balance excludes OREO related to government insured mortgages.
(c)Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.
(d)Weighted averages are determined by the relative fair value of the instruments or the relative contribution to an instrument's fair value.
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
(Dollars in millions)Values Utilized
Level 3 ClassFair Value at December 31, 2022Valuation TechniquesUnobservable InputRangeWeighted Average (d)
Trading securities - SBA interest-only strips$25 Discounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate
12% - 13%
12%
Bond equivalent yield
17%
17%
Loans held for sale - residential real estate$22 Discounted cash flowPrepayment speeds - First mortgage
2% - 8%
3%
Foreclosure losses
63% - 75%
65%
Loss severity trends - First mortgage
0% - 11%
of UPB
5%
Derivative liabilities, other$27 Discounted cash flowVisa covered litigation resolution amount
$5.6 billion - $6.0 billion
$5.9 billion
Probability of resolution scenarios
5% - 25%
20%
Time until resolution
12 - 42 months
28 months
Loans and leases (a)$135 Appraisals from comparable propertiesMarketability adjustments for specific properties
0% - 10%
of appraisal
NM
Other collateral valuationsBorrowing base certificates adjustment
20% - 50% of gross value
NM
Financial Statements/Auction values adjustment
0% - 25%
of reported value
NM
OREO (b)$Appraisals from comparable propertiesAdjustment for value changes since appraisal
0% - 10%
of appraisal
NM
Other assets (c)$91 Discounted cash flowAdjustments to current sales yields for specific properties
0% - 15% adjustment to yield
NM
Appraisals from comparable propertiesMarketability adjustments for specific properties
0% - 25%
of appraisal
NM
NM - Not meaningful
(a)Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for credit losses.
(b)Represents the fair value of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as OREO. Balance excludes OREO related to government insured mortgages.
(c)Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.
(d)Weighted averages are determined by the relative fair value of the instruments or the relative contribution to an instrument's fair value.


Trading Securities - SBA interest-only strips
Increases (decreases) in estimated prepayment rates and bond equivalent yields negatively (positively) affect the value of SBA interest-only strips. Management additionally considers whether the loans underlying related SBA interest-only strips are delinquent, in default or prepaying, and adjusts the fair value down 20 - 100% depending on the length of time in default.
Loans held for sale
Foreclosure losses and prepayment rates are significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of FHN’s residential real estate loans held for sale. Loss severity trends are also assessed to evaluate the reasonableness of fair value estimates resulting from
discounted cash flows methodologies as well as to estimate fair value for newly repurchased loans and loans that are near foreclosure. Significant increases (decreases) in any of these inputs in isolation would result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurements. All observable and unobservable inputs are re-assessed quarterly.
Increases (decreases) in estimated prepayment rates and bond equivalent yields negatively (positively) affect the value of unguaranteed interests in SBA loans. Unguaranteed interest in SBA loans held for sale are carried at less than the outstanding balance due to credit risk estimates. Credit risk adjustments may be reduced if prepayment is likely or as consistent payment history is realized. Management also considers other factors such as
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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
delinquency or default and adjusts the fair value accordingly.
Derivative liabilities
In conjunction with pre-2020 sales of Visa Class B shares, FHN and the purchasers entered into derivative transactions whereby FHN will make, or receive, cash payments whenever the conversion ratio of the Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares is adjusted. FHN uses a discounted cash flow methodology in order to estimate the fair value of FHN’s derivative liabilities associated with its prior sales of Visa Class B shares. The methodology includes estimation of both the resolution amount for Visa’s Covered Litigation matters as well as the length of time until the resolution occurs. Significant increases (decreases) in either of these inputs in isolation would result in significantly higher (lower) fair value measurements for the derivative liabilities. Additionally, FHN performs a probability weighted multiple resolution scenario to calculate the estimated fair value of these derivative liabilities. Assignment of higher (lower) probabilities to the larger potential resolution scenarios would result in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the derivative liabilities. Since this estimation process requires application of judgment in developing significant unobservable inputs used to determine the possible outcomes and the probability weighting assigned to each scenario, these derivatives have been classified within Level 3 in fair value measurements disclosures.
Loans and leases and Other Real Estate Owned
Collateral-dependent loans and OREO are primarily valued using appraisals based on sales of comparable properties in the same or similar markets. Other collateral (receivables, inventory, equipment, etc.) is valued through borrowing base certificates, financial statements and/or auction valuations. These valuations are discounted based on the quality of reporting, knowledge of the marketability/collectability of the collateral and historical disposition rates.
Other assets – tax credit investments
The estimated fair value of tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method is generally determined in relation to the yield (i.e., future tax credits
to be received) an acquirer of these investments would expect in relation to the yields experienced on current new issue and/or secondary market transactions. Thus, as tax credits are recognized, the future yield to a market participant is reduced, resulting in consistent impairment of the individual investments. Individual investments are reviewed for impairment quarterly, which may include the consideration of additional marketability discounts related to specific investments which typically includes consideration of the underlying property’s appraised value.
Fair Value Option
FHN previously elected the fair value option on a prospective basis for substantially all types of mortgage loans originated for sale purposes except for mortgage origination operations which utilize the platform acquired from CBF. FHN determined that the election reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in the value of such loans with changes in the value of derivatives and forward delivery commitments used as economic hedges for these assets at the time of election.
Repurchased loans relating to mortgage banking operations conducted prior to the IBKC merger are recognized within loans held for sale at fair value at the time of repurchase, which includes consideration of the credit status of the loans and the estimated liquidation value. FHN has elected to continue recognition of these loans at fair value in periods subsequent to reacquisition. Due to the credit-distressed nature of the vast majority of repurchased loans and the related loss severities experienced upon repurchase, FHN believes that the fair value election provides a more timely recognition of changes in value for these loans that occur subsequent to repurchase. Absent the fair value election, these loans would be subject to valuation at the LOCOM value, which would prevent subsequent values from exceeding the initial fair value, determined at the time of repurchase, but would require recognition of subsequent declines in value. Thus, the fair value election provides for a more timely recognition of any potential future recoveries in asset values while not affecting the requirement to recognize subsequent declines in value.

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PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
The following table reflects the differences between the fair value carrying amount of residential real estate loans held for sale and held for investment measured at fair value in accordance with management’s election and the aggregate unpaid principal amount FHN is contractually entitled to receive at maturity.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FAIR VALUE CARRYING AMOUNTS AND CONTRACTUAL AMOUNTS OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE LOANS REPORTED AT FAIR VALUE
 September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Fair value
carrying
amount
Aggregate
unpaid
principal
Fair value carrying amount
less aggregate unpaid
principal
Residential real estate loans held for sale reported at fair value:
Total loans$88 $96 $(8)
Nonaccrual loans2 5 (3)
 December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Fair value
carrying
amount
Aggregate
unpaid
principal
Fair value carrying amount
less aggregate unpaid
principal
Residential real estate loans held for sale reported at fair value:
Total loans$51 $58 $(7)
Nonaccrual loans(3)
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing— 

Assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value election are initially measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Such changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities for which FHN elected the fair value option are included in current period earnings with classification in the income statement line item reflected in the following table:
CHANGES IN FAIR VALUE RECOGNIZED IN NET INCOME
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(Dollars in millions)2023202220232022
Changes in fair value included in net income:
Mortgage banking and title noninterest income
Loans held for sale$(1)$(4)$ $(10)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the amount for residential real estate loans held for sale included an insignificant amount of gains in pretax earnings that are attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. The portion of the fair value adjustments related to credit risk was determined based on estimated default rates and estimated loss severities. Interest income on residential real estate loans held for sale measured at fair value is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in the interest income section of the Consolidated Statements of Income as interest on loans held for sale.
Determination of Fair Value
Fair values are based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following describes the
assumptions and methodologies used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and for estimating the fair value of financial instruments for which fair value is disclosed.
Short-term financial assets
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and interest-bearing deposits with other financial institutions and the Federal Reserve are carried at historical cost. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.
Trading securities and trading liabilities
Trading securities and trading liabilities are recognized at fair value through current earnings. Trading inventory held for broker-dealer operations is included in trading
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NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
securities and trading liabilities. Broker-dealer long positions are valued at bid price in the bid-ask spread. Short positions are valued at the ask price. Inventory positions are valued using observable inputs including current market transactions, benchmark yields, credit spreads, and consensus prepayment speeds. Trading loans are valued using observable inputs including current market transactions, swap rates, mortgage rates, and consensus prepayment speeds.
Trading Securities - SBA interest-only strips
Interest-only strips are valued at elected fair value based on an income approach using an internal valuation model. The internal valuation model includes assumptions regarding projections of future cash flows, prepayment rates, default rates and interest-only strip terms. These securities bear the risk of loan prepayment or default that may result in FHN not recovering all or a portion of its recorded investment. When appropriate, valuations are adjusted for various factors including default or prepayment status of the underlying SBA loans. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, those estimated values may be higher or lower than the values that would have been used had a ready market for the securities existed and may change in the near term.
Securities available for sale and held to maturity
Valuations of debt securities are performed using observable inputs obtained from market transactions in similar securities. Typical inputs include benchmark yields, consensus prepayment speeds, and credit spreads. Trades from similar securities and broker quotes are used to support these valuations.
Loans held for sale
FHN determines the fair value of loans held for sale using either current transaction prices or discounted cash flow models. Fair values are determined using current transaction prices and/or values on similar assets when available, including committed bids for specific loans or loan portfolios. Uncommitted bids may be adjusted based on other available market information.
Fair value of residential real estate loans held for sale determined using a discounted cash flow model incorporates both observable and unobservable inputs. Inputs in the discounted cash flow model include current mortgage rates for similar products, estimated prepayment rates, foreclosure losses, and various loan performance measures (delinquency, LTV, credit score). Adjustments for delinquency and other differences in loan characteristics are typically reflected in the model’s discount rates. Loss severity trends and the value of underlying collateral are also considered in assessing the appropriate fair value for severely delinquent loans and loans in foreclosure. The valuation of HELOCs also incorporates estimated cancellation rates for loans expected to become delinquent.
Non-mortgage consumer loans held for sale are valued using committed bids for specific loans or loan portfolios or current market pricing for similar assets with adjustments for differences in credit standing (delinquency, historical default rates for similar loans), yield, collateral values and prepayment rates. If pricing for similar assets is not available, a discounted cash flow methodology is utilized, which incorporates all of these factors into an estimate of investor required yield for the discount rate.
FHN utilizes quoted market prices of similar instruments or broker and dealer quotations to value the SBA and USDA guaranteed loans. FHN values SBA-unguaranteed interests in loans held for sale based on individual loan characteristics, such as industry type and pay history which generally follows an income approach. Furthermore, these valuations are adjusted for changes in prepayment estimates and are reduced due to restrictions on trading. The fair value of other non-residential real estate loans held for sale is approximated by their carrying values based on current transaction values.
Mortgage loans held for investment at fair value option
The fair value of mortgage loans held for investment at fair value option is determined by a third party using a discounted cash flow model using various assumptions about future loan performance (constant prepayment rate, constant default rate and loss severity trends) and market discount rates.
Loans held for investment
The fair values of mortgage loans are estimated using an exit price methodology that is based on present values using the interest rate that would be charged for a similar loan to a borrower with similar risk, weighted for varying maturity dates and adjusted for a liquidity discount based on the estimated time period to complete a sale transaction with a market participant.
Other loans and leases are valued based on present values using the interest rate that would be charged for a similar instrument to a borrower with similar risk, applicable to each category of instruments, and adjusted for a liquidity discount based on the estimated time period to complete a sale transaction with a market participant.
For loans measured using the estimated fair value of collateral less costs to sell, fair value is estimated using appraisals of the collateral. Collateral values are monitored and additional write-downs are recognized if it is determined that the estimated collateral values have declined further. Estimated costs to sell are based on current amounts of disposal costs for similar assets. Carrying value is considered to reflect fair value for these loans.
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NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
Derivative assets and liabilities
The fair value for forwards and futures contracts is based on current transactions involving identical securities. Futures contracts are exchange-traded and thus have no credit risk factor assigned as the risk of non-performance is limited to the clearinghouse used.
Valuations of other derivatives (primarily interest rate contracts) are based on inputs observed in active markets for similar instruments. Typical inputs include benchmark yields, option volatility and option skew. Centrally cleared derivatives are discounted using SOFR as required by clearinghouses. In measuring the fair value of these derivative assets and liabilities, FHN has elected to consider credit risk based on the net exposure to individual counterparties. Credit risk is mitigated for these instruments through the use of mutual margining and master netting agreements as well as collateral posting requirements. For derivative contracts with daily cash margin requirements that are considered settlements, the daily margin amount is netted within derivative assets or liabilities. Any remaining credit risk related to interest rate derivatives is considered in determining fair value through evaluation of additional factors such as client loan grades and debt ratings. Foreign currency related derivatives also utilize observable exchange rates in the determination of fair value. The determination of fair value for FHN’s derivative liabilities associated with its prior sales of Visa Class B shares are classified within Level 3 in the fair value measurements disclosure as previously discussed in the unobservable inputs discussion.
The fair value of risk participations is determined in reference to the fair value of the related derivative contract between the borrower and the lead bank in the participation structure, which is determined consistent with the valuation process discussed above. This value is adjusted for the pro rata portion of the reference derivative’s notional value and an assessment of credit risk for the referenced borrower.
OREO
OREO primarily consists of properties that have been acquired in satisfaction of debt. These properties are carried at the lower of the outstanding loan amount or estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell the real estate. Estimated fair value is determined using appraised values with subsequent adjustments for deterioration in values that are not reflected in the most recent appraisal.
Other assets
For disclosure purposes, other assets consist of tax credit investments, FRB and FHLB Stock, deferred compensation mutual funds and equity investments (including other mutual funds) with readily determinable fair values. Tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method are written down to estimated fair value quarterly based on the estimated value of the associated tax credits
which incorporates estimates of required yield for hypothetical investors. The fair value of all other tax credit investments is estimated using recent transaction information with adjustments for differences in individual investments. Deferred compensation mutual funds are recognized at fair value, which is based on quoted prices in active markets.
Investments in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Banks are recognized at historical cost in the Consolidated Balance Sheets which is considered to approximate fair value. Investments in mutual funds are measured at the funds’ reported closing net asset values. Investments in equity securities are valued using quoted market prices when available.
Defined maturity deposits
The fair value of these deposits is estimated by discounting future cash flows to their present value. Future cash flows are discounted by using the current market rates of similar instruments applicable to the remaining maturity. For disclosure purposes, defined maturity deposits include all time deposits.
Short-term financial liabilities
The fair value of federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings are approximated by the book value. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.
Loan commitments
Fair values of these commitments are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.
Other commitments
Fair values of these commitments are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements.
The following fair value estimates are determined as of a specific point in time utilizing various assumptions and estimates. The use of assumptions and various valuation techniques, as well as the absence of secondary markets for certain financial instruments, reduces the comparability of fair value disclosures between financial institutions. Due to market illiquidity, the fair values for loans and leases, loans held for sale, and term borrowings as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, involve the use of significant internally-developed pricing assumptions for certain components of these line items. The assumptions and valuations utilized for this disclosure are considered to reflect inputs that market participants would use in transactions involving these instruments as of the measurement date. The valuations of legacy assets, particularly consumer loans and TRUPS loans within the
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Corporate segment, are influenced by changes in economic conditions since origination and risk perceptions of the financial sector. These considerations affect the estimate of a potential acquirer’s cost of capital and cash flow volatility assumptions from these assets and the resulting fair value measurements may depart significantly from FHN’s internal estimates of the intrinsic value of these assets.
Assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments have not been included in the following table such as the value of long-term relationships with deposit and trust clients, premises and equipment, goodwill and other
intangibles, deferred taxes, and certain other assets and other liabilities. Additionally, these measurements are solely for financial instruments as of the measurement date and do not consider the earnings potential of our various business lines. Accordingly, the total of the fair value amounts does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of FHN.
The following table summarizes the book value and estimated fair value of financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
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NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
BOOK VALUE AND ESTIMATED FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
September 30, 2023
 Book
Value
Fair Value
(Dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses
Commercial:
Commercial, financial and industrial$32,828 $— $— $32,205 $32,205 
Commercial real estate13,952 — — 13,661 13,661 
Consumer:
Consumer real estate 13,457 — — 12,480 12,480 
Credit card and other781 — — 755 755 
Total loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses61,018 — — 59,101 59,101 
Short-term financial assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with banks1,917 1,917 — — 1,917 
Federal funds sold53 — 53 — 53 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell363 — 363 — 363 
Total short-term financial assets2,333 1,917 416 — 2,333 
Trading securities (a)1,231 — 1,208 23 1,231 
Loans held for sale:
Mortgage loans (elected fair value) (a)88 — 67 21 88 
USDA & SBA loans - LOCOM496 — 500 — 500 
Mortgage loans - LOCOM29 — — 29 29 
Total loans held for sale613 — 567 50 617 
Securities available for sale (a)8,100 — 8,100 — 8,100 
Securities held to maturity1,335 — 1,104 — 1,104 
Derivative assets (a)863 10 853 — 863 
Other assets:
Tax credit investments578 — — 570 570 
Deferred compensation mutual funds99 99 — — 99 
Equity, mutual funds, and other (b)277 23 — 254 277 
Total other assets954 122 — 824 946 
Total assets$76,447 $2,049 $12,248 $59,998 $74,295 
Liabilities:
Defined maturity deposits$7,783 $— $7,830 $— $7,830 
Trading liabilities (a)366 — 366 — 366 
Short-term financial liabilities:
Federal funds purchased309 — 309 — 309 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,706 — 1,706 — 1,706 
Other short-term borrowings492 — 492 — 492 
Total short-term financial liabilities2,507 — 2,507 — 2,507 
Term borrowings:
Real estate investment trust-preferred46 — — 47 47 
Term borrowings—new market tax credit investment65 — — 59 59 
Secured borrowings12 — — 12 12 
Junior subordinated debentures150 — — 150 150 
Other long-term borrowings884 — 809 — 809 
Total term borrowings1,157 — 809 268 1,077 
Derivative liabilities (a)1,102 1,068 26 1,102 
Total liabilities$12,915 $$12,580 $294 $12,882 
(a)Classes are detailed in the recurring and nonrecurring measurement tables.
(b)Level 1 primarily consists of mutual funds with readily determinable fair values. Level 3 includes restricted investments in FHLB-Cincinnati stock of $51 million and FRB stock of $203 million.
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NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
 December 31, 2022
 Book
Value
Fair Value
(Dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:
Loans and leases and allowance for loan and lease losses
Commercial:
Commercial, financial and industrial$31,473 $— $— $31,329 $31,329 
Commercial real estate13,082 — — 12,909 12,909 
Consumer:
Consumer real estate 12,053 — — 11,934 11,934 
Credit card and other809 — — 810 810 
Total loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses57,417 — — 56,982 56,982 
Short-term financial assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with banks1,384 1,384 — — 1,384 
Federal funds sold129 — 129 — 129 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell353 — 353 — 353 
Total short-term financial assets1,866 1,384 482 — 1,866 
Trading securities (a)1,375 — 1,350 25 1,375 
Loans held for sale:
Mortgage loans (elected fair value) (a)51 — 29 22 51 
USDA & SBA loans - LOCOM506 — 512 — 512 
Mortgage loans - LOCOM33 — — 33 33 
Total loans held for sale590 — 541 55 596 
Securities available for sale (a) 8,836 — 8,836 — 8,836 
Securities held to maturity1,371 — 1,209 — 1,209 
Derivative assets (a)460 451 — 460 
Other assets:
Tax credit investments547 — — 542 542 
Deferred compensation mutual funds112 112 — — 112 
Equity, mutual funds, and other (b)275 22 — 253 275 
Total other assets934 134 — 795 929 
Total assets$72,849 $1,527 $12,869 $57,857 $72,253 
Liabilities:
Defined maturity deposits$2,887 $— $2,890 $— $2,890 
Trading liabilities (a)335 — 335 — 335 
Short-term financial liabilities:
Federal funds purchased400 — 400 — 400 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,013 — 1,013 — 1,013 
Other short-term borrowings1,093 — 1,093 — 1,093 
Total short-term financial liabilities2,506 — 2,506 — 2,506 
Term borrowings:
Real estate investment trust-preferred46 — — 47 47 
Term borrowings—new market tax credit investment66 — — 59 59 
Secured borrowings— — 
Junior subordinated debentures148 — — 150 150 
Other long-term borrowings1,334 — 1,301 — 1,301 
Total term borrowings1,597 — 1,301 259 1,560 
Derivative liabilities (a)958 923 27 958 
Total liabilities$8,283 $$7,955 $286 $8,249 
(a)Classes are detailed in the recurring and nonrecurring measurement tables.
(b)Level 1 primarily consists of mutual funds with readily determinable fair values. Level 3 includes restricted investments in FHLB-Cincinnati stock of $50 million and FRB stock of $203 million.

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NOTE 16—FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS & LIABILITIES
The following table presents the contractual amount and fair value of unfunded loan commitments and standby and other commitments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
UNFUNDED COMMITMENTS
 Contractual AmountFair Value
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Unfunded Commitments:
Loan commitments$25,402 $25,953 $2 $
Standby and other commitments728 754 7 
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PART I, ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS (MD&A)
Item 2.     Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

TABLE OF ITEM 2 TOPICS

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Introduction
First Horizon Corporation (NYSE common stock trading symbol “FHN”) is a financial holding company headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. FHN’s principal subsidiary, and only banking subsidiary, is First Horizon Bank. Through the Bank and other subsidiaries, FHN offers regional banking, mortgage lending, specialized commercial lending, commercial leasing and equipment financing, brokerage, wealth management, capital markets, and other financial services to commercial, consumer, and governmental clients throughout the U.S. At September 30, 2023, FHN had over 450 business
locations in 24 states, including over 400 banking centers in 12 states, and employed approximately 7,300 associates.
This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, as well as other information contained in this document and FHN's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Executive Overview
Significant Events and Transactions
On August 3, 2023, FHN announced a five-year employment agreement with Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer D. Bryan Jordan. A copy of the
agreement has been filed with a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Financial Performance Summary
Third Quarter 2023 Highlights
FHN reported third quarter 2023 net income available to common shareholders of $129 million, or $0.23 per diluted share, compared to $317 million, or $0.56 per diluted share, in second quarter 2023 and $257 million, or $0.45 per diluted share, in third quarter 2022.
Net interest income of $605 million declined $25 million compared to second quarter 2023 and $57 million compared to third quarter 2022 as the benefit of higher rates and loan balances was more than offset by higher funding costs.
Provision for credit losses of $110 million increased $60 million compared to second quarter 2023 and $50 million compared to third quarter 2022, largely driven by a credit loss on a single relationship as well as the impact of loan growth.
Noninterest income of $173 million decreased $227 million compared to second quarter 2023 largely driven by a $225 million gain on merger termination recognized in second quarter. Noninterest income decreased $40 million compared to third quarter 2022 primarily driven by lower fixed income, lower securities gains and the 2022 gain on sale of FHN's title business.
Noninterest expense of $474 million decreased $81 million from second quarter 2023, largely reflecting the impact of a $50 million contribution to the First Horizon Foundation in the second quarter and lower personnel expense. Compared with third quarter 2022, noninterest expense increased $5 million, or 1%. There were no merger and integration expenses in third quarter 2023 compared to $30 million in second quarter 2023 and $24 million in third quarter 2022.
Year-to-Date and Period End Highlights
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net income available to common shareholders was $689 million or $1.23 per diluted share, compared to $610 million, or $1.08 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Net interest income increased $240 million largely driven by higher earning asset yields, loan growth, and higher investment portfolio balances, partially offset by higher funding costs. Provision for credit losses increased $160 million largely from a credit loss on a single relationship, loan growth and an evolving macroeconomic outlook. Noninterest income increased $103 million, or 16%, primarily from the gain on merger termination, partially offset by lower fixed income and mortgage banking and title income. Noninterest expense increased $58 million, or 4%, largely attributable to the $50 million contribution made to the First Horizon Foundation in the second quarter.
Period-end loans and leases of $61.8 billion increased $3.7 billion, or 6%, from December 31, 2022 driven by commercial loan growth of $2.3 billion and consumer loan growth of $1.4 billion.
Period-end deposits of $67.0 billion increased $3.5 billion, or 6%, from December 31, 2022 driven by a $9.2 billion increase in interest-bearing deposits offset by a $5.6 billion decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits.
Tier 1 risk-based capital and total risk-based capital ratios at September 30, 2023 were 12.12% and 13.63%, an improvement from 11.92% and 13.33% at December 31, 2022, respectively. The CET1 ratio was 11.12% at
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September 30, 2023 compared to 10.17% at December 31, 2022.
The following portions of this MD&A focus in more detail on the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the three months ended June
30, 2023, and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and on information about FHN's financial condition, loan and lease portfolio, liquidity, funding sources, capital and other matters.
Table I.2.1
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
As of or for the three months ended As of or for the nine months ended
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)September 30, 2023June 30, 2023September 30, 2022September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Pre-provision net revenue (a)$304 $475 $406 $1,160 $875 
Diluted earnings per common share$0.23 $0.56 $0.45 $1.23 $1.08 
Return on average assets (b)0.68 %1.60 %1.29 %1.19 %1.00 %
Return on average common equity (c)6.28 %16.40 %13.85 %11.86 %10.97 %
Return on average tangible common equity (a) (d)7.95 %21.10 %18.23 %15.24 %14.44 %
Net interest margin (e)3.17 %3.38 %3.48 %3.47 %2.85 %
Noninterest income to total revenue (f)22.23 %38.80 %23.27 %27.88 %27.07 %
Efficiency ratio (g)60.96 %53.89 %54.29 %56.53 %62.83 %
Allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans and leases1.23 %1.20 %1.16 %1.23 %1.16 %
Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans and leases (annualized)0.61 %0.16 %0.08 %0.30 %0.08 %
Total period-end equity to period-end assets10.65 %10.53 %10.32 %10.65 %10.32 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (a)7.76 %7.71 %6.64 %7.76 %6.64 %
Cash dividends declared per common share$0.15 $0.15 $0.15 $0.45 $0.45 
Book value per common share$14.28 $14.58 $12.99 $14.28 $12.99 
Tangible book value per common share (a)$11.22 $11.50 $9.72 $11.22 $9.72 
Common equity Tier 111.12 %11.08 %9.94 %11.12 %9.94 %
Market capitalization $6,157 $6,296 $12,291 $6,157 $12,291 
(a)    Represents a non-GAAP measure which is reconciled in the non-GAAP to GAAP reconciliation in Table I.2.24.
(b)    Calculated using annualized net income divided by average assets.
(c)    Calculated using annualized net income available to common shareholders divided by average common equity.
(d)    Calculated using annualized net income available to common shareholders divided by average tangible common equity.
(e)    Net interest margin is computed using total net interest income adjusted to an FTE basis assuming a statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and, where applicable, state income taxes.
(f)    Ratio is noninterest income excluding securities gains (losses) to total revenue excluding securities gains (losses).
(g)    Ratio is noninterest expense to total revenue excluding securities gains (losses).

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Results of Operations
Net Interest Income
Net interest income is FHN's largest source of revenue and is the difference between the interest earned on interest-earning assets (generally loans, leases and investment securities) and the interest expense incurred in connection with interest-bearing liabilities (generally deposits and borrowed funds). The level of net interest income is primarily a function of the difference between the effective yield on average interest-earning assets and the effective cost of interest-bearing liabilities. These factors are influenced by the pricing and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by external factors such as local economic conditions, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the FRB and market interest rates.
The following tables present the major components of net interest income and net interest margin:
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Table I.2.2
QUARTER-TO-DATE AVERAGE BALANCES, NET INTEREST INCOME & YIELDS/RATES
Three Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023June 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Average BalanceInterest Income/ExpenseYield/Rate Average BalanceInterest Income/ExpenseYield/Rate Average BalanceInterest Income/ExpenseYield/Rate
Assets:
Loans and leases:
Commercial loans and leases$47,041 $779 6.58 %$46,051 $727 6.34 %$44,046 $496 4.47 %
Consumer loans14,391 165 4.55 13,873 153 4.39 12,497 124 3.94 
Total loans and leases61,432 944 6.10 59,924 880 5.89 56,543 620 4.35 
Loans held for sale782 15 7.88 731 14 7.58 761 4.91 
Investment securities9,811 63 2.54 10,192 63 2.49 10,315 55 2.14 
Trading securities1,099 19 7.03 1,110 19 6.67 1,342 15 4.54 
Federal funds sold23  5.87 41 5.58 259 2.28 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell292 4 5.00 238 4.73 402 1.89 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks2,867 39 5.34 3,110 40 5.13 6,341 35 2.15 
Total earning assets / Total interest income $76,306 $1,084 5.64 %$75,346 $1,019 5.42 %$75,963 $737 3.86 %
Cash and due from banks997 1,024 1,246 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net 1,714 1,726 1,767 
Premises and equipment, net 592 598 629 
Allowance for loan and lease losses (766)(728)(639)
Other assets 4,377 4,338 3,585 
Total assets $83,220 $82,304 $82,551 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Savings$24,963 $219 3.48 %$21,542 $141 2.63 %$23,569 $19 0.31 %
Other interest-bearing deposits15,329 102 2.64 14,719 75 2.06 15,103 21 0.56 
Time deposits8,087 88 4.35 5,520 49 3.56 2,759 0.50 
Total interest-bearing deposits48,379 409 3.36 41,781 265 2.55 41,431 43 0.41 
Federal funds purchased285 4 5.42 330 5.15 596 2.28 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,685 17 4.05 1,304 11 3.39 877 0.82 
Trading liabilities276 3 4.20 216 3.82 372 3.03 
Other short-term borrowings1,790 25 5.42 6,365 84 5.25 238 2.22 
Term borrowings1,161 17 5.82 1,428 19 5.21 1,598 18 4.57 
Total interest-bearing liabilities / Total interest expense$53,576 $475 3.52 %$51,424 $385 3.00 %$45,112 $71 0.63 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits18,144 19,664 26,701 
Other liabilities2,522 2,187 2,069 
Total liabilities 74,242 73,275 73,882 
Shareholders' equity8,683 8,734 8,374 
Noncontrolling interest295 295 295 
Total shareholders' equity8,978 9,029 8,669 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$83,220 $82,304 $82,551 
Net earnings assets / Net interest income (TE) / Net interest spread$22,730 $609 2.12 %$23,922 $634 2.42 %$30,851 $666 3.23 %
Taxable equivalent adjustment(4)1.05 (4)0.96 (4)0.25 
Net interest income / Net interest margin (a)$605 3.17 %$630 3.38 %$662 3.48 %
(a) Calculated using total net interest income adjusted for FTE assuming a statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and, where applicable, state income taxes.
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Third Quarter 2023 versus Second Quarter 2023
Net interest income of $605 million in third quarter 2023 decreased $25 million from second quarter 2023 and the net interest margin declined 21 basis points to 3.17%. The benefit of higher rates and loan growth was more than offset by higher funding costs driven by customer deposit growth. Loan yield increased 21 basis points while the cost of interest-bearing deposits increased 81 basis points.
Average earning assets of $76.3 billion in third quarter 2023 increased $1.0 billion from second quarter 2023 largely due to a $1.5 billion increase in average loans and leases partially offset by a $381 million decrease in average investment securities and a $243 million decrease in average interest-bearing deposits with banks. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $2.2 billion largely reflecting a $6.6 billion increase in interest-bearing deposits partially offset by a $4.6 billion decrease in other short-term borrowings.
Third Quarter 2023 versus Third Quarter 2022
Net interest income decreased $57 million from third quarter 2022 largely as a result of higher funding costs which more than offset higher yields on earning assets.
Third quarter 2023 net interest margin decreased 31 basis points from 3.48% in third quarter 2022, driven by the impact of higher funding costs partially offset by higher yields on earning assets. Funding costs increased 289 basis points while yields on earning assets increased 178 basis points.
Average earning assets increased $343 million from third quarter 2022 largely driven by a $4.9 billion increase in loans and leases offset by a $3.5 billion decrease in average interest-bearing deposits with banks and a $504 million decrease in investment securities. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $8.5 billion largely driven by a $6.9 billion increase in interest-bearing deposits.

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Table I.2.3
YEAR-TO-DATE AVERAGE BALANCES, NET INTEREST INCOME & YIELDS/RATES
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Average BalanceInterest Income/ExpenseYield/RateAverage BalanceInterest Income/ExpenseYield/Rate
Assets:
Loans and leases:
Commercial loans and leases$45,988 $2,174 6.33 %$43,366 $1,217 3.75 %
Consumer loans13,834 459 4.40 12,043 344 3.80 
Total loans and leases59,822 2,633 5.88 55,409 1,561 3.76 
Loans held for sale704 40 7.54 980 30 4.01 
Investment securities10,087 188 2.49 9,923 139 1.87 
Trading securities1,164 58 6.62 1,481 39 3.52 
Federal funds sold37 2 5.48 190 1.52 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell291 10 4.63 567 0.61 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks2,486 95 5.11 10,713 63 0.79 
Total earning assets / Total interest income$74,591 $3,026 5.42 %$79,263 $1,835 3.09 %
Cash and due from banks1,019 1,251 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net1,726 1,786 
Premises and equipment, net599 643 
Allowance for loan and lease losses(729)(639)
Other assets4,265 3,495 
Total assets$81,471 $85,799 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Savings$22,788 $456 2.68 %$24,903 $27 0.14 %
Other interest-bearing deposits14,948 236 2.11 15,972 34 0.28 
Time deposits5,665 153 3.63 3,046 11 0.51 
Total interest-bearing deposits43,401 845 2.60 43,921 72 0.22 
Federal funds purchased358 13 5.01 737 0.96 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,348 35 3.47 882 0.40 
Trading liabilities272 8 3.96 523 2.32 
Other short-term borrowings3,446 134 5.19 185 1.29 
Term borrowings1,395 56 5.30 1,595 53 4.41 
Total interest-bearing liabilities / Total interest expense$50,220 $1,091 2.90 %$47,843 $144 0.40 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits20,012 27,468 
Other liabilities2,334 1,854 
Total liabilities72,566 77,165 
Shareholders' equity8,610 8,339 
Noncontrolling interest295 295 
Total shareholders' equity8,905 8,634 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$81,471 $85,799 
Net earnings assets / Net interest income (TE) / Net interest spread$24,371 $1,935 2.52 %$31,420 $1,691 2.69 %
Taxable equivalent adjustment(12)0.95 (8)0.16 
Net interest income / Net interest margin (a)$1,923 3.47 %$1,683 2.85 %
(a) Calculated using total net interest income adjusted for FTE assuming a statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and, where applicable, state income taxes.
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net interest income of $1.9 billion increased $240 million from the same period one year ago largely driven by higher earning asset yields, loan growth, and higher investment portfolio balances partially offset by higher funding costs.
Total average earning assets decreased $4.7 billion in the first nine months of 2023 largely due to lower levels of interest-bearing cash offset by loan growth.
The year-to-date net interest margin of 3.47% increased 62 basis points compared to 2.85% for the same period of 2022 as the benefit of higher earning asset yields and lower excess cash balances were partially offset by an increase in funding costs. Earning asset yields increased 233 basis points and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 250 basis points.
Provision for Credit Losses
Provision for credit losses includes the provision for loan and lease losses and the provision for unfunded lending commitments. The provision for credit losses is the expense necessary to maintain the ALLL and the accrual for unfunded lending commitments at levels appropriate to absorb management’s estimate of credit losses expected over the life of the loan and lease portfolio and the portfolio of unfunded loan commitments.
Provision for credit losses increased to $110 million for the third quarter 2023 compared to $50 million for the second
quarter 2023, largely driven by a credit loss on a single relationship and the impact of loan growth. The third quarter 2023 provision increased $50 million compared to third quarter 2022 and the year-to-date provision increased $160 million compared to the same period one year ago, largely from loan growth, an evolving macroeconomic outlook, and a credit loss on a single relationship.
For additional information about general asset quality trends, refer to the Asset Quality section in this MD&A.
Noninterest Income
The following table presents the significant components of noninterest income for each of the periods presented:
Table I.2.4
NONINTEREST INCOME
Three Months Ended3Q23 vs. 2Q233Q23 vs. 3Q22
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023June 30, 2023September 30, 2022$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
Noninterest income:
Deposit transactions and cash management$46 $45 $43 $%$%
Fixed income28 30 46 (2)(7)(18)(39)
Brokerage, management fees and commissions21 22 23 (1)(5)(2)(9)
Card and digital banking fees20 21 21 (1)(5)(1)(5)
Other service charges and fees14 14 13 — — 
Trust services and investment management 12 12 11 — — 
Mortgage banking and title income7 17 (2)(22)
Deferred compensation income (3)(8)(100)100 
Gain on merger termination 225 — (225)(100)— — 
Securities gains (losses), net — 12 — — (12)(100)
Other income25 17 38 47 (13)(34)
Total noninterest income$173 $400 $213 $(227)(57)%$(40)(19)%



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Third Quarter 2023 versus Second Quarter 2023
Noninterest income of $173 million decreased $227 million, or 57%, from second quarter 2023, primarily as a result of the $225 million gain resulting from the TD merger termination that was recognized in the second quarter.
Fixed income of $28 million decreased $2 million from the prior quarter. Fixed income average daily revenue of $301 thousand decreased from $348 thousand in second quarter 2023, a decrease of 14%, reflecting continued challenging market conditions.
Mortgage banking and title income of $7 million increased $1 million driven by higher origination volume resulting from a pricing strategy to shift production into the secondary market.
Deferred compensation income of less than $1 million decreased $8 million reflecting fluctuations in equity
market valuations relative to the prior quarter. This decrease is largely offset in noninterest expense.
Other income increased $8 million largely driven by an increase in FHLB dividends.
Third Quarter 2023 versus Third Quarter 2022
Noninterest income for third quarter 2023 decreased $40 million, or 19%, compared to third quarter 2022, primarily driven by lower fixed income, lower securities gains and the impact of the $21 million gain on sale of FHN's title business in third quarter 2022.
Fixed income of $28 million decreased $18 million from third quarter 2022, largely reflecting less favorable market conditions.

Table I.2.5
NONINTEREST INCOME
Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023September 30, 2022$ Change% Change
Noninterest income:
Deposit transactions and cash management$133 $129 $%
Fixed income97 170 (73)(43)
Brokerage, management fees and commissions66 71 (5)(7)
Card and digital banking fees61 64 (3)(5)
Other service charges and fees41 41 — — 
Trust services and investment management35 36 (1)(3)
Mortgage banking and title income18 65 (47)(72)
Deferred compensation income11 (24)35 146 
Gain on merger termination225 — 225 100 
Securities gains (losses), net1 18 (17)(94)
Other income57 72 (15)(21)
Total noninterest income$745 $642 $103 16 %
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, noninterest income of $745 million increased $103 million, or 16%, compared to the same period in 2022, primarily from the gain on merger termination, partially offset by lower fixed income and mortgage banking and title income.
Fixed income of $97 million decreased $73 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Fixed income product revenue decreased $65 million largely driven by less favorable market conditions and revenue from other products decreased $8 million
primarily driven by lower fees from loan and derivative sales.
Mortgage banking and title income of $18 million decreased $47 million driven by lower origination volume given the impact of higher long-term rates.
Deferred compensation income increased $35 million for the year-to-date period of 2023 reflecting fluctuations in equity market valuations relative to the prior year. This increase is largely offset in noninterest expense.

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Noninterest Expense
The following tables present the significant components of noninterest expense for each of the periods presented:

Table I.2.6
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Three Months Ended3Q23 vs. 2Q233Q23 vs. 3Q22
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023June 30, 2023September 30, 2022$ Change% Change$ Change% Change
Noninterest expense:
Personnel expense$266 $285 $275 $(19)(7)%$(9)(3)%
Net occupancy expense30 30 32 — — (2)(6)
Computer software26 28 28 (2)(7)(2)(7)
Operations services21 22 22 (1)(5)(1)(5)
Advertising and public relations16 17 12 (1)(6)33 
Deposit insurance expense14 13 75 
Legal and professional fees13 12 10 30 
Contract employment and outsourcing12 12 12 — — — — 
Amortization of intangible assets12 12 13 — — (1)(8)
Equipment expense11 10 11 10 — — 
Communications and delivery8 910 (1)(11)(2)(20)
Contributions3 53(50)(94)— — 
Other expense42 52 33 (10)(19)27 
Total noninterest expense$474 $555 $469 $(81)(15)%$%

Third Quarter 2023 versus Second Quarter 2023
Noninterest expense of $474 million decreased $81 million, or 15%, compared with second quarter 2023, largely driven by a $50 million contribution made to the First Horizon Foundation in the second quarter. Personnel expense decreased $19 million largely reflecting lower incentive-based compensation and deferred compensation expense. Other expense decreased $10 million, primarily from derivative valuation adjustments related to prior Visa Class-B share sales recognized in the second quarter. There were no merger and integration expenses in third quarter 2023 compared to $30 million in second quarter 2023.
Third Quarter 2023 versus Third Quarter 2022
Noninterest expense of $474 million increased $5 million, or 1%, from third quarter 2022. Personnel expense decreased $9 million largely attributable to lower incentive-based compensation. Deposit insurance expense increased $6 million largely due to an increase in the FDIC initial base deposit insurance assessment rate that went into effect in first quarter 2023 for all insured depository institutions. The $4 million increase in advertising and public relations expense was partially attributable to deposit campaigns and brand awareness initiatives. There were no merger and integration expenses in third quarter 2023 compared to $24 million in third quarter 2022.
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Table I.2.7
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023September 30, 2022$ Change% Change
Noninterest expense:
Personnel expense$821 $820 $— %
Net occupancy expense9296(4)(4)
Computer software8285(3)(4)
Operations services6565— — 
Advertising and public relations473413 38 
Deposit insurance expense402317 74 
Legal and professional fees3350(17)(34)
Contract employment and outsourcing3643(7)(16)
Amortization of intangible assets3639(3)(8)
Equipment expense3234(2)(6)
Communications and delivery2728(1)(4)
Contributions60555 NM
Other expense1371289
Total noninterest expense$1,508 $1,450 $58 %
NM - Not meaningful

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, noninterest expense increased $58 million, or 4%, largely attributable to the $50 million contribution made to the First Horizon Foundation in the second quarter 2023.
Personnel expense of $821 million increased $1 million reflecting higher deferred compensation expense partially offset by lower incentive-based compensation expense.
Deposit insurance expense of $40 million increased $17 million largely due to an increase in the FDIC initial base deposit insurance assessment rate that went into effect in first quarter 2023 for all insured depository institutions.
Advertising and public relations expense increased $13 million partially attributable to deposit campaign and brand awareness initiatives.
Legal and professional fees decreased $17 million largely attributable to lower merger and integration related expense.
Total merger and integration related expense was $51 million for the first nine months of 2023 compared to $99 million for the same period of 2022.
Income Taxes
FHN recorded income tax expense of $52 million in third quarter 2023 compared to $96 million in second quarter 2023 and $78 million in third quarter 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, FHN recorded income tax expense of $223 million and $183 million, respectively.
The effective tax rate was approximately 26.7%, 22.6%, and 22.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate was approximately 23.5% and 22.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
FHN’s effective tax rate is favorably affected by recurring items such as bank-owned life insurance, tax-exempt
income, and tax credits and other tax benefits from tax credit investments. The effective rate is unfavorably affected by the non-deductible portions of: FDIC premium, executive compensation and merger expenses. FHN’s effective tax rate also may be affected by items that may occur in any given period but are not consistent from period to period, such as changes in unrecognized tax benefits. The rate also may be affected by items resulting from business combinations. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, FHN recognized $13 million of net unfavorable discrete items primarily attributable to the termination of BOLI policies offset by merger-related deductions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, FHN recognized $69 million of net unfavorable
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discrete items primarily related to the gain on merger termination.
A deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability is recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. The tax consequence is calculated by applying current enacted statutory tax rates to these temporary differences in future years. As of September 30, 2023, FHN’s gross DTA and gross DTL were $833 million and $473 million, respectively, resulting in a net DTA of $360 million at September 30, 2023, compared with a net DTA of $313 million at December 31, 2022.
As of September 30, 2023, FHN had deferred tax asset balances related to federal and state income tax carryforwards of $32 million and $2 million, respectively, which will expire at various dates.
Based on current analysis, FHN believes that its ability to realize the DTA is more likely than not. FHN monitors its DTA and the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. A significant adverse change in FHN’s taxable earnings outlook could result in the need for a valuation allowance.
Business Segment Results
FHN's reportable segments include Regional Banking, Specialty Banking and Corporate. See Note 12 - Business Segment Information for additional disclosures related to FHN's segments.
Regional Banking
The Regional Banking segment generated pre-tax income of $270 million for third quarter 2023, a decrease of $86 million compared to second quarter 2023, largely driven by a decrease in net interest income and higher provision for credit losses. Net interest income of $583 million decreased $29 million as the benefit of higher rates and loan growth was more than offset by higher funding costs driven by customer deposit growth. The provision for credit losses of $104 million increased $61 million largely as a result of a credit loss on a single relationship and the impact of loan growth. Noninterest income increased $1 million and noninterest expense decreased $3 million compared to second quarter 2023.
Pre-tax income for third quarter 2023 decreased $12 million compared to $282 million for third quarter 2022. Net interest income increased $65 million from third quarter 2022 driven by higher earning asset yields and loan growth partially offset by higher funding costs. The provision for credit losses increased $61 million largely as a result of a credit loss on a single relationship and the impact of loan growth. Noninterest expense increased $15 million compared to third quarter 2022 largely due to higher personnel expense. Results also reflect a $1 million decrease in noninterest income compared to third quarter 2022.
Pre-tax income of $957 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $180 million compared to the same period of 2022, largely from a $359 million increase in revenue driven by higher net interest income. The increase in revenue was partially offset by a $125 million increase in provision for credit losses and a $54 million increase in noninterest expense. The increase in the provision for credit losses largely reflected a credit
loss on a single relationship and the impact of loan growth.
Specialty Banking
Pre-tax income in the Specialty Banking segment of $86 million for third quarter 2023 increased $7 million compared to second quarter 2023, driven by a $4 million increase in revenue and a $4 million decrease in provision for credit losses, offset by a $1 million increase in noninterest expense.
Fixed income of $28 million decreased $3 million, driven by continuing challenging market conditions. Mortgage banking and title income of $7 million increased $1 million driven by higher origination volume resulting from a pricing strategy to shift production into the secondary market.
Pre-tax income in the Specialty Banking segment increased $6 million compared to third quarter 2022 driven by lower provision for credit losses of $11 million and lower noninterest expense of $16 million, partially offset by lower revenue of $21 million. The decline in revenue was primarily attributable to lower fixed income and mortgage banking and title income. The decline in noninterest expense was largely driven by lower incentive-based compensation expense tied to the decline in fixed income and mortgage banking and title income.
Pre-tax income of $241 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $99 million from the same period of 2022 largely reflecting a $118 million decrease in noninterest income tied to lower fixed income and mortgage banking and title income and a $33 million decrease in net interest income. The decline in revenue was partially offset by an $82 million decline in noninterest expense, largely from lower personnel expense.
Corporate
Pre-tax loss for the Corporate segment was $162 million for third quarter 2023 compared to $10 million for second quarter 2023, largely reflecting a $226 million decrease in
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noninterest income offset by a $79 million decrease in noninterest expense. The decrease in noninterest income was largely driven by the $225 million gain on the TD merger termination recognized in the second quarter. The decline in noninterest expense was largely attributable to a $50 million contribution to the First Horizon Foundation and $15 million in derivative valuation adjustments from prior Visa Class-B share sales in the second quarter, and lower personnel expense. There were no merger and integration expenses in third quarter 2023 compared to $30 million in the prior quarter. Results for third quarter 2023 also reflect $10 million in restructuring costs.
Pre-tax loss in the Corporate segment was $162 million compared to $16 million for third quarter 2022, largely reflecting a $119 million decline in net interest income tied to the impact of funds transfer pricing. Noninterest income decreased $21 million compared to the third quarter 2022, largely reflecting $21 million in gain on sale
of the title business in 2022 and lower securities gains partially offset by higher FHLB dividends. There were no merger and integration expenses in third quarter 2023 compared to $24 million in third quarter 2022.
Pre-tax loss was $248 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $292 million for the same period of 2022. Net interest income declined $98 million reflecting the impact of funds transfer pricing. Noninterest income increased $233 million, largely driven by the $225 million gain on merger termination. Noninterest expense increased $86 million, largely driven by a $50 million contribution to the First Horizon Foundation, higher personnel expense, and higher FDIC deposit insurance expense partially offset by lower legal and professional fees. Merger and integration expense of $51 million decreased $48 million when comparing the periods.
Analysis of Financial Condition

Total period-end assets were $82.5 billion as of September 30, 2023 compared to $79.0 billion at December 31, 2022. The increase in total assets during 2023 was largely driven by a $3.7 billion increase in loans and leases.
Earning assets consist of loans and leases, loans held for sale, investment securities, and other earning assets, such as trading securities and interest-bearing deposits with banks. A detailed discussion of the major components of earning assets is provided in the following sections.
Loans and Leases
Period-end loans and leases of $61.8 billion as of September 30, 2023 increased $3.7 billion, or 6%, compared to December 31, 2022. Year-to-date loan growth included a $2.3 billion increase in commercial loans and leases primarily from C&I loan growth and a $1.4 billion increase in consumer loans primarily from consumer real estate loan growth.
The following table provides detail regarding FHN's loans and leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Table I.2.8
LOANS & LEASES
As of September 30, 2023As of December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)AmountPercent of totalAmountPercent of totalGrowth Rate
Commercial:
Commercial, financial, and industrial (a)$33,163 54 %$31,781 55 %%
Commercial real estate 14,121 23 13,228 23 
Total commercial47,284 77 45,009 78 
Consumer:
Consumer real estate 13,685 22 12,253 21 12 
Credit card and other809 1 840 (4)
Total consumer14,494 23 13,093 22 11 
Total loans and leases$61,778 100 %$58,102 100 %%
(a)Includes equipment financing loans and leases.


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As the Federal Reserve has increased rates and reduced liquidity in the banking system, credit conditions have tightened, resulting in the widening of spreads. Fair values within the loan and lease portfolio declined from the prior quarter, largely driven by the impact to discount rates of wider credit spreads and a higher rate curve on recent loan production, which are used to value the entire portfolio. Though this increases the discount on the loan portfolio, higher rates and widening credit spreads should provide a significant benefit to overall future profitability.

Loans Held for Sale
In 2020, FHN obtained IBKC's mortgage banking operations which includes origination and servicing of residential first lien mortgages that conform to standards established by GSEs that are major investors in U.S. home
mortgages but can also consist of junior lien and jumbo loans secured by residential property. These loans are primarily sold to private companies that are unaffiliated with the GSEs on a servicing-released basis. For further detail, see Note 5 - Mortgage Banking Activity.
The legacy FHN loans HFS portfolio consists of small business, other consumer loans, mortgage warehouse, USDA and home equity loans.
On September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans HFS were $613 million and $590 million, respectively. Held-for-sale consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in process of foreclosure totaled $3 million at both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Asset Quality
Loan and Lease Portfolio Composition
FHN groups its loans into portfolio segments based on internal classifications reflecting the manner in which the ALLL is established and how credit risk is measured, monitored, and reported. From time to time, and if conditions are such that certain subsegments are uniquely affected by economic or market conditions or are experiencing greater deterioration than other components of the loan portfolio, management may determine the ALLL at a more granular level. Commercial loans and leases are composed of C&I loans and leases and CRE loans. Consumer loans are composed of consumer real estate loans and credit card and other loans. FHN has a concentration of residential real estate
loans (22% and 21% of total loans at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively). Industry concentrations are discussed under the C&I heading below.
Credit underwriting guidelines are outlined in Item 7 of FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 in the Asset Quality Section within the Analysis of Financial Condition discussion. FHN’s credit underwriting guidelines and loan product offerings as of September 30, 2023 are generally consistent with those reported and disclosed in FHN’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Commercial Loan and Lease Portfolios
C&I
C&I loans are the largest component of the loan portfolio, comprising 54% and 55% of total loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The C&I portfolio increased $1.4 billion to $33.2 billion as of September 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 and is comprised of loans and leases used for general business purposes. Products offered in the C&I portfolio include term loan financing of owner-occupied real estate and fixed assets, direct financing and sales-type leases, working capital lines of credit, and trade credit enhancement through letters of credit.
The increase in C&I loans from December 31, 2022 was driven by growth in the real estate rental & leasing portfolio as well as diversified growth across multiple
other industries. The largest geographical concentrations of balances in the C&I portfolio as of September 30, 2023 were in Tennessee (21%), Florida (13%), Texas (11%), North Carolina (7%), Louisiana (7%), California (5%), and Georgia (5%). No other state represented more than 5% of the portfolio.
The following table provides the composition of the C&I portfolio by industry as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. For purposes of this disclosure, industries are determined based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry codes used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the collection, analysis, and publication of statistical data related to the U.S. business economy.
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Table I.2.9
C&I PORTFOLIO BY INDUSTRY
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions) 
AmountPercentAmountPercent
Industry: 
Finance and insurance$4,192 13 %$4,120 13 %
Real estate rental and leasing (a)3,785 11 3,277 10 
Health care and social assistance2,664 8 2,657 
Manufacturing2,358 7 2,206 
Accommodation and food service 2,319 7 2,238 
Loans to mortgage companies2,237 7 2,258 
Wholesale trade2,200 7 2,212 
Retail trade1,868 6 1,835 
Transportation and warehousing1,568 5 1,432 
Energy1,355 4 1,364 
Other (professional, construction, education, etc.) (b)8,617 25 8,182 27 
Total C&I loan portfolio$33,163 100 %$31,781 100 %
(a)Leasing, rental of real estate, equipment, and goods.
(b)Industries in this category each comprise less than 5% as of September 30, 2023.

Industry Concentrations
Loan concentrations exist when there are loans to numerous borrowers engaged in similar activities that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. Loans to mortgage companies and borrowers in the finance and insurance industry were 20% of FHN’s C&I loan portfolio as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and as a result could be affected by items that uniquely impact the financial services industry. Loans to borrowers in the real estate rental and leasing industry were 11% and 10% of FHN's C&I portfolio as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, FHN did not have any other concentrations of C&I loans in any single industry of 10% or more of total loans.
Loans to Mortgage Companies
Loans to mortgage companies were 7% of the C&I portfolio as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. This portfolio includes commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower’s sale of those mortgage loans to third-party investors and generally fluctuates with mortgage rates and seasonal factors. Generally, new loan originations to mortgage lenders increase when there is a decline in mortgage rates and decrease when rates rise; in 2023, rates rose. In periods of economic uncertainty, this trend may not occur even if interest rates are declining. In third quarter 2023, 84% of the loan originations were home purchases and 16% were refinance transactions.
Finance and Insurance
The finance and insurance component represented 13% of the C&I portfolio as of both September 30, 2023 and
December 31, 2022, and includes TRUPs (i.e., long-term unsecured loans to bank and insurance-related businesses), loans to bank holding companies, and asset-based lending to consumer finance companies. As of September 30, 2023, asset-based lending to consumer finance companies represented approximately $2.0 billion of the finance and insurance component.
Paycheck Protection Program
In 2020, Congress created the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in response to the economic disruption associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Under the PPP, qualifying businesses could receive loans from private lenders, such as FHN, that are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration. These loans potentially are partly or fully forgivable, depending upon the borrower’s use of the funds and maintenance of employment levels. To the extent forgiven, the borrower is relieved from payment while the lender is still paid from the program.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the C&I portfolio included PPP loans of $35 million and $76 million, respectively, which are fully government guaranteed with the SBA. Due to the government guarantee and forgiveness provisions, PPP loans are considered to have no credit risk and do not affect the amount of provision and ALLL recorded. As a result, no ALLL is recorded for PPP loans as of September 30, 2023, and FHN has assigned a risk weight of zero to PPP loans for regulatory capital purposes.
FHN continues to work with its clients that have applied for and received PPP loan forgiveness.
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Commercial Real Estate
The CRE portfolio totaled $14.1 billion as of September 30, 2023 and $13.2 billion as of December 31, 2022. The CRE portfolio reflects financings for both commercial construction and nonconstruction loans. The largest geographical concentrations of CRE loan balances as of September 30, 2023 were in Florida (27%), Texas (13%), North Carolina (12%), Georgia (10%), Tennessee (9%), and
Louisiana (9%). No other state represented more than 5% of the portfolio. This portfolio contains loans, draws on lines, and letters of credit to commercial real estate developers for the construction and mini-permanent financing of income-producing real estate. Subcategories of the CRE portfolio consist of multi-family (30%), office (20%), retail (17%), industrial (17%), hospitality (11%), land/land development (2%), and other (3%).
Consumer Loan Portfolios
Consumer Real Estate
The consumer real estate portfolio totaled $13.7 billion and $12.3 billion as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is primarily composed of home equity lines and installment loans. The largest geographical concentrations of balances as of September 30, 2023 were in Florida (29%), Tennessee (22%), Texas (11%), Louisiana (8%), North Carolina (7%), New York (5%) and Georgia (5%). No other state represented more than 5% of the portfolio.
As of September 30, 2023, approximately 89% of the consumer real estate portfolio was in a first lien position. At origination, the weighted average FICO score of this portfolio was 759 and the refreshed FICO scores averaged 756 as of September 30, 2023, no significant change from FICO scores of 757 and 754, respectively, as of December 31, 2022. Generally, performance of this portfolio is affected by life events that affect borrowers’ finances, the level of unemployment, and home prices.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, FHN had held-for-investment consumer mortgage loans secured by real estate that were in the process of foreclosure totaling $38 million and $42 million, respectively.
HELOCs comprised $2.2 billion and $2.0 billion of the consumer real estate portfolio as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. FHN’s HELOCs
typically have a 5 or 10 year draw period followed by a 10 or 20 year repayment period, respectively. During the draw period, a borrower is able to draw on the line and is only required to make interest payments. The line is frozen if a borrower becomes past due on payments. Once the draw period has ended, the line is closed and the borrower is required to make both principal and interest payments monthly until the loan matures. The principal payment generally is fully amortizing, but payment amounts will adjust when variable rates reset to reflect changes in the prime rate.
As of September 30, 2023, approximately 94% of FHN's HELOCs were in the draw period compared to 92% at December 31, 2022. It is expected that $564 million, or 27%, of HELOCs currently in the draw period will enter the repayment period during the next 60 months, based on current terms. Generally, delinquencies for HELOCs that have entered the repayment period are initially higher than HELOCs still in the draw period because of the increased minimum payment requirement. However, over time, performance of these loans usually begins to stabilize. HELOCs nearing the end of the draw period are closely monitored.
The following table presents HELOCs currently in the draw period, broken down by months remaining in the draw period.
Table I.2.10
HELOC DRAW TO REPAYMENT SCHEDULE
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Repayment
Amount
PercentRepayment
Amount
Percent
Months remaining in draw period:
0-12$31 2 %$31 %
13-2481 4 40 
25-36104 5 109 
37-48154 7 135 
49-60194 9 204 11 
>601,557 73 1,356 72 
Total$2,121 100 %$1,875 100 %
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Credit Card and Other
The credit card and other portfolio, which is primarily within the Regional Banking segment, totaled $809 million as of September 30, 2023 and $840 million as of December 31, 2022. This portfolio primarily consists of consumer-related credits, including home equity and
other personal consumer loans, credit card receivables, and automobile loans. The $31 million decrease was driven by net repayments in credit cards and other installment loans, partially offset by an increase in consumer construction loans.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL is maintained at a level sufficient to provide appropriate reserves to absorb estimated future credit losses in accordance with GAAP. For additional information regarding the ACL, see Note 4 of this Report and "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" and Note 4 in FHN's 2022 Form 10-K.
The ALLL increased to $760 million as of September 30, 2023 from $685 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase in the ALLL balance as of September 30, 2023
reflects the impact of loan growth and an evolving macroeconomic outlook. The ALLL to total loans and leases ratio increased 5 basis points to 1.23% compared to 1.18% as of December 31, 2022. The ACL to total loans and leases ratio increased to 1.36% as of September 30, 2023 from 1.33% as of December 31, 2022.

Consolidated Net Charge-offs
Net charge-offs in third quarter 2023 were $95 million, or an annualized 61 basis points of total loans and leases, compared to net charge-offs of $12 million, or 8 basis points of total loans and leases, in third quarter 2022. The
$83 million increase in net charge-offs was primarily driven by a large C&I charge-off related to one client relationship.
Table I.2.11
ANALYSIS OF ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CHARGE-OFFS
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2022
Allowance for loan and lease losses
C&I$335 $308 $295 
CRE169 146 148 
Consumer real estate228 200 193 
Credit card and other28 31 28 
Total allowance for loan and lease losses$760 $685 $664 
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments
C&I$49 $55 $58 
CRE21 22 19 
Consumer real estate12 10 11 
Credit card and other — — 
Total reserve for remaining unfunded commitments$82 $87 $88 
Allowance for credit losses
C&I$384 $363 $353 
CRE190 168 167 
Consumer real estate240 210 204 
Credit card and other28 31 28 
Total allowance for credit losses$842 $772 $752 
Period-end loans and leases
C&I$33,163 $31,781 $31,620 
CRE14,121 13,228 13,021 
Consumer real estate13,685 12,253 11,864 
Credit card and other809 840 849 
Total period-end loans and leases$61,778 $58,102 $57,354 
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ALLL / loans and leases %
C&I1.01 %0.97 %0.93 %
CRE1.19 1.10 1.14 
Consumer real estate1.67 1.63 1.63 
Credit card and other3.48 3.72 3.32 
Total ALLL / loans and leases %1.23 %1.18 %1.16 %
ACL / loans and leases %
C&I1.16 %1.14 %1.11 %
CRE1.35 1.27 1.28 
Consumer real estate1.75 1.71 1.72 
Credit card and other3.48 3.72 3.32 
Total ACL / loans and leases %1.36 %1.33 %1.31 %
Quarter-to-date net charge-offs (recoveries)
C&I$86 $21 $11 
CRE4 — 
Consumer real estate(1)(1)(5)
Credit card and other6 
Total net charge-offs (recoveries)$95 $26 $12 
Average loans and leases
C&I$33,042 $31,562 $31,120 
CRE13,999 13,095 12,926 
Consumer real estate13,575 12,049 11,633 
Credit card and other816 858 864 
Total average loans and leases$61,432 $57,564 $56,543 
Charge-off % (annualized)
C&I1.04 %0.27 %0.14 %
CRE0.12 — 0.01 
Consumer real estate(0.05)(0.05)(0.17)
Credit card and other2.77 2.76 2.46 
Total charge-off %0.61 %0.18 %0.08 %
ALLL / annualized net charge-offs
C&I98 %365 %676 %
CRE978 NM6,931
Consumer real estateNMNMNM
Credit card and other125 132133
Total ALLL / net charge-offs202 %675 %1,428 %
NM - not meaningful

Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming loans are loans placed on nonaccrual if it becomes evident that full collection of principal and interest is at risk, if impairment has been recognized as a partial charge-off of principal balance due to insufficient
collateral value and past due status, or (on a case-by-case basis) if FHN continues to receive payments but there are other borrower-specific issues. Included in nonaccruals are loans for which FHN continues to receive payments,
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including residential real estate loans where the borrower has been discharged of personal obligation through bankruptcy. NPAs consist of nonperforming loans and OREO (excluding OREO from government insured mortgages).
Total NPAs (including NPLs HFS) increased to $401 million as of September 30, 2023 from $327 million as of
December 31, 2022, largely driven by commercial real estate loans. The nonperforming loans and leases ratio increased 10 basis points to 0.64% as of September 30, 2023 compared to year-end.

Table I.2.12
NONACCRUAL/NONPERFORMING LOANS, FORECLOSED ASSETS, & OTHER DISCLOSURES
(Dollars in millions)
Nonperforming loans and leasesSeptember 30, 2023December 31, 2022
C&I$123 $153 
CRE125 
Consumer real estate144 152 
Credit card and other2 
Total nonperforming loans and leases (a)$394 $316 
Nonperforming loans held for sale (a)$3 $
Foreclosed real estate and other assets (b)4 
Total nonperforming assets (a) (b)$401 $327 
Nonperforming loans and leases to total loans and leases
C&I0.37 %0.48 %
CRE0.88 0.07 
Consumer real estate1.06 1.24 
Credit card and other0.26 0.27 
Total NPL %0.64 %0.54 %
ALLL / NPLs
C&I273 %202 %
CRE135 1,554 
Consumer real estate158 131 
Credit card and other1,364 1,364 
Total ALLL / NPLs193 %217 %
(a)Excludes loans and leases that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest.
(b)Excludes government-insured foreclosed real estate. Balances were insignificant as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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The following table provides nonperforming assets by business segment:

Table I.2.13
NONPERFORMING ASSETS BY SEGMENT
(Dollars in millions)
Nonperforming loans and leases (a) (b)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Regional Banking$287 $227 
Specialty Banking97 60 
Corporate10 29 
Consolidated$394 $316 
Foreclosed real estate (c)
Regional Banking$1 $— 
Specialty Banking2 
Corporate1 
Consolidated$4 $
Nonperforming Assets (a) (b) (c)
Regional Banking$288 $227 
Specialty Banking99 62 
Corporate11 30 
Consolidated$398 $319 
Nonperforming loans and leases to loans and leases
Regional Banking0.65 %0.54 %
Specialty Banking0.57 0.37 
Corporate2.13 6.28 
Consolidated0.64 %0.54 %
NPA % (d)
Regional Banking0.65 %0.55 %
Specialty Banking0.58 0.39 
Corporate2.27 6.54 
Consolidated0.64 %0.55 %
(a)Excludes loans and leases that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest.
(b)Excludes loans classified as held for sale.
(c)Excludes foreclosed real estate and receivables related to government insured mortgages. Balances were insignificant for both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(d)Ratio is non-performing assets to total loans and leases plus foreclosed real estate.

Past Due Loans and Potential Problem Assets
Past due loans are loans contractually past due as to interest or principal payments, but which have not yet been put on nonaccrual status.
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing were $17 million as of September 30, 2023 compared to $33 million as of December 31, 2022. Loans 30 to 89 days past
due and still accruing decreased to $75 million as of September 30, 2023 compared to $105 million as of December 31, 2022, largely driven by a decrease of $22 million in C&I loans and a decrease of $7 million in CRE loans.
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Table I.2.14
ACCRUING DELINQUENCIES & OTHER CREDIT DISCLOSURES
(Dollars in millions)
Accruing loans and leases 30+ days past due September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
C&I$31 $61 
CRE4 11 
Consumer real estate49 55 
Credit card and other8 11 
Total accruing loans and leases 30+ days past due$92 $138 
Accruing loans and leases 30+ days past due %
C&I0.09 %0.19 %
CRE0.03 0.08 
Consumer real estate0.36 0.44 
Credit card and other0.95 1.28 
Total accruing loans and leases 30+ days past due %0.15 %0.24 %
Accruing loans and leases 90+ days past due (a) (b) (c):
C&I$3 $11 
Consumer real Estate11 18 
Credit card and other3 
Total accruing loans and leases 90+ days past due $17 $33 
Loans held for sale
30 to 89 days past due $8 $10 
30 to 89 days past due - guaranteed portion (d)4 
90+ days past due 10 16 
90+ days past due - guaranteed portion (d)5 
(a)Excludes loans classified as held for sale.
(b)Amounts are not included in nonperforming/nonaccrual loans.
(c)Amounts are also included in accruing loans and leases 30+ days past due.
(d)Guaranteed loans include FHA, VA, and GNMA loans repurchased through the GNMA buyout program.

Potential problem assets represent those assets where information about possible credit problems of borrowers has caused management to have serious doubts about the borrower’s ability to comply with present repayment terms and includes loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing. This definition is believed to be substantially consistent with the standards established by Federal
banking regulators for loans classified as substandard. Potential problem assets in the loan portfolio were $655 million on September 30, 2023 and $492 million on December 31, 2022. The current expectation of losses from potential problem assets has been included in management’s analysis for assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses.
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
As part of FHN’s ongoing risk management practices, FHN attempts to work with borrowers when appropriate to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately. See
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies, Note 3 - Loans and Leases and Note 4 - Allowance for Credit Losses for further discussion regarding troubled loan modifications.

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Commercial Loan Modifications
As part of FHN’s credit risk management governance processes, the Loan Rehab and Recovery Department (LRRD) is responsible for managing most commercial relationships with borrowers whose financial condition has deteriorated to such an extent that the credits are individually reviewed for expected credit losses, classified as substandard or worse, placed on nonaccrual status, foreclosed or in process of foreclosure, or in active or contemplated litigation. LRRD has the authority and responsibility to enter into workout and/or rehabilitation agreements with troubled commercial borrowers in order to mitigate and/or minimize the amount of credit losses recognized from these problem assets. While every circumstance is different, LRRD will generally use forbearance agreements (generally 6-12 months) as an element of commercial loan workouts, which might include reduced interest rates, reduced payments, release of guarantor, term extensions or entering into short sale agreements. Principal forgiveness may be granted in specific workout circumstances.
The individual expected credit loss assessments completed on commercial loans are used in evaluating the appropriateness of qualitative adjustments to quantitatively modeled loss expectations for loans that are not considered collateral dependent. If a loan is collateral dependent, the carrying amount of a loan is written down to the net realizable value of the collateral. Each assessment considers any modified terms and is comprehensive to ensure appropriate assessment of expected credit losses.
Consumer Loan Modifications
FHN does not currently participate in any of the loan modification programs sponsored by the U.S. government but does generally structure modified consumer loans using the parameters of the former Home Affordable Modification Program.
Within the HELOC and real estate installment loans classes of the consumer portfolio segment, troubled loans are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 1% for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate generally returns to the original interest rate prior to modification; for certain modifications, the modified interest rate increases 2% per year until the original interest rate prior to modification is achieved.
Permanent mortgage troubled loans are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 2% for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate steps up 1 percent every year until it reaches the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Weekly Survey Rate cap. Contractual maturities may be extended to 40 years on permanent mortgages and to 30 years for consumer real estate loans.
Within the credit card class of the consumer portfolio segment, troubled loans are typically modified through either a short-term credit card hardship program or a longer-term credit card workout program. In the credit card hardship program, borrowers may be granted rate and payment reductions for 6 months to 1 year. In the credit card workout program, clients are granted a rate reduction to 0% and term extensions for up to 5 years to pay off the remaining balance.
Consumer loans may also be modified through court-imposed principal reductions in bankruptcy proceedings, which FHN is required to honor unless a borrower reaffirms the related debt.

Investment Securities
FHN’s investment securities portfolio consists principally of debt securities available for sale. FHN maintains a highly-rated securities portfolio consisting primarily of government agency issued mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. The securities portfolio provides a source of income and liquidity and is an important tool used to balance the interest rate risk of the loan and deposit portfolios. The securities portfolio is periodically evaluated in light of established ALM objectives, changing market conditions that could affect
the profitability of the portfolio, the regulatory environment, and the level of interest rate risk to which FHN is exposed. These evaluations may result in steps taken to adjust the overall balance sheet positioning.
Investment securities were $9.4 billion and $10.2 billion on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, representing 11% and 13% of total assets, respectively. See Note 2 - Investment Securities for more information about the securities portfolio.
Deposits
Total deposits of $67.0 billion as of September 30, 2023 increased $3.5 billion from December 31, 2022 as a result
of a $9.2 billion increase in interest-bearing deposits offset by a $5.6 billion decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits.
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Deposit growth in the first nine months of 2023 reflects the impact of FHN's deposit marketing campaigns launched in the second quarter. Promotional rates associated with these offerings moderated somewhat toward the end of the third quarter, but overall were higher than prior periods contributing to an increase in funding costs. The rate guarantees on money market deposits in the campaign are short-term and will reprice in the back half of the fourth quarter. FHN continues to focus on building and deepening relationships to retain new clients from its promotional campaigns.
FHN continues to maintain a well-diversified and stable funding mix across its footprint:
At September 30, 2023, commercial deposits were $37.3 billion, or 56% of total deposits, consumer deposits were $29.7 billion, or 44% of total deposits.
At September 30, 2023, 37% of deposits were associated with Tennessee, 19% with Florida,
12% with Louisiana, and 12% with North Carolina, with no other state above 10%.
Total estimated uninsured deposits were $26.2 billion and $30.3 billion as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, representing 39% and 48% of total deposits, respectively.
Of the uninsured deposits at September 30, 2023, $4.8 billion, or 7% of total deposits, were collateralized.
See Table I.2.2 and I.2.3 - Average Balances, Net Interest Income and Yields/Rates in this Report for information on average deposits including average rates paid.
The following table summarizes the major components of deposits as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Table I.2.15
DEPOSITS
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022 
(Dollars in millions)AmountPercent of totalAmountPercent of totalChangePercent
Savings$25,590 38 %$21,971 35 %$3,619 16 %
Time deposits7,783 12 2,887 4,896 170 
Other interest-bearing deposits15,817 23 15,165 24 652 
Total interest-bearing deposits49,190 73 40,023 63 9,167 23 
Noninterest-bearing deposits17,825 27 23,466 37 (5,641)(24)
Total deposits$67,015 100 %$63,489 100 %$3,526 %


Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings include federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, trading liabilities, and other short-term borrowings. Total short-term borrowings were $2.9 billion as of September 30, 2023 compared to $2.8 billion as of December 31, 2022.
Short-term borrowings balances fluctuate largely based on the level of FHLB borrowing as a result of loan demand, deposit levels and balance sheet funding strategies.
Trading liabilities fluctuate based on various factors, including levels of trading securities and hedging strategies. Federal funds purchased fluctuates depending on the amount of excess funding of FHN’s correspondent bank customers. Balances of securities sold under agreements to repurchase fluctuate based on cost attractiveness relative to FHLB borrowing levels and the ability to pledge securities toward such transactions.

Term Borrowings
Term borrowings include senior and subordinated borrowings with original maturities greater than one year. Total term borrowings were $1.2 billion as of September 30, 2023 compared to $1.6 billion at December 31, 2022. The decrease in term borrowings was attributable to the retirement of $450 million in senior notes in May 2023.
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Capital
Management’s objectives are to provide capital sufficient to cover the risks inherent in FHN’s businesses, to maintain excess capital to well-capitalized standards, and to assure ready access to the capital markets. Total equity was $8.8 billion at September 30, 2023 and $8.5 billion at December 31, 2022. Significant changes included net income of $727 million offset by $273 million in common and preferred dividends.
The following tables provide a reconciliation of shareholders’ equity from the Consolidated Balance Sheets to Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and Total Regulatory Capital as well as certain selected capital ratios:
Table I.2.16
REGULATORY CAPITAL DATA
(Dollars in millions)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Shareholders’ equity$8,498 $8,252 
Modified CECL transitional amount (a)57 85 
FHN non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock(520)(1,014)
Common equity tier 1 before regulatory adjustments $8,035 $7,323 
Regulatory adjustments:
Disallowed goodwill and other intangibles(1,627)(1,658)
Net unrealized (gains) losses on securities available for sale1,170 972 
Net unrealized (gains) losses on pension and other postretirement plans263 269 
Net unrealized (gains) losses on cash flow hedges149 126 
Common equity tier 1$7,990 $7,032 
FHN non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock (b)426 920 
Qualifying noncontrolling interest— First Horizon Bank preferred stock295 295 
Tier 1 capital$8,711 $8,247 
Tier 2 capital1,083 975 
Total regulatory capital$9,794 $9,222 
Risk-Weighted Assets
First Horizon Corporation$71,866 $69,163 
First Horizon Bank71,375 68,728 
Average Assets for Leverage
First Horizon Corporation83,219 79,583 
First Horizon Bank82,658 78,923 
Table I.2.17
REGULATORY RATIOS & AMOUNTS
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
 RatioAmountRatioAmount
Common Equity Tier 1
First Horizon Corporation11.12 %$7,990 10.17 %$7,032 
First Horizon Bank10.98 7,840 10.77 7,405 
Tier 1
First Horizon Corporation12.12 8,711 11.92 8,247 
First Horizon Bank11.40 8,135 11.20 7,700 
Total
First Horizon Corporation13.63 9,794 13.33 9,222 
First Horizon Bank12.71 9,074 12.41 8,532 
Tier 1 Leverage
First Horizon Corporation10.47 8,711 10.36 8,247 
First Horizon Bank9.84 8,135 9.76 7,700 
Other Capital Ratios
Total period-end equity to period-end assets10.65 10.83 
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (c)7.76 7.12 
Adjusted tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets (c)10.35 9.35 
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(a)The modified CECL transitional amount includes the impact to retained earnings from the initial adoption of CECL plus 25% of the change in the adjusted allowance for credit losses since FHN’s initial adoption of CECL through December 31, 2021. For September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 50% and 25%, respectively, of the full amount is phased out and not included in Common Equity Tier 1 capital.
(b)The $94 million carrying value of the Series D preferred stock does not qualify as Tier 1 capital because the earliest redemption date is less than five years from the issuance date, which was re-set to July 1, 2020 when the IBKC merger closed.
(c)Tangible common equity to tangible assets and adjusted tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets are non-GAAP measures and are reconciled to total equity to total assets (GAAP) in the Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliation - Table I.2.24.
Banking regulators define minimum capital ratios for bank holding companies and their bank subsidiaries. Based on the capital rules and definitions prescribed by the banking regulators, should any depository institution’s capital ratios decline below predetermined levels, it would become subject to a series of increasingly restrictive regulatory actions.
The system categorizes a depository institution’s capital position into one of five categories ranging from well-capitalized to critically under-capitalized. For an institution the size of FHN to qualify as well-capitalized, Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 Capital, Total Capital, and Leverage capital ratios must be at least 6.50%, 8.00%, 10.00%, and 5.00%, respectively. Furthermore, a capital conservation buffer of 50 basis points above these levels must be maintained on the Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital ratios to avoid restrictions on dividends, share repurchases and certain discretionary bonuses.
As of September 30, 2023, each of FHN and First Horizon Bank had sufficient capital to qualify as well-capitalized institutions and to meet the capital conservation buffer requirement. Capital ratios for both FHN and First Horizon Bank are calculated under the final rule issued by the banking regulators in 2020 to delay the effects of CECL on regulatory capital for two years, followed by a three-year transition period.
FHN and First Horizon Bank's risk-based regulatory capital ratios increased in third quarter 2023 relative to year-end 2022 primarily from the impact of net income less dividends during the first nine months of 2023. The increase in the Common Equity Tier 1 ratio for FHN was largely driven by the conversion of the Series G Preferred Stock to common stock.
During 2023, capital ratios are expected to remain above well-capitalized standards plus the required capital conservation buffer.
Common Stock Purchase Programs
Pursuant to Board authority, FHN may repurchase shares of its common stock from time to time and will evaluate the level of capital and take action designed to generate or use capital, as appropriate, for the interests of the shareholders, subject to legal and regulatory restrictions. FHN's Board has authorized two common stock purchase programs, described below. FHN’s Board has not authorized a preferred stock purchase program.
General Purchase Program
On January 27, 2021, FHN announced that its Board of Directors approved a new $500 million common share purchase program that was to expire on January 31, 2023. On October 26, 2021, FHN announced that the 2021 program had been increased by $500 million and extended to October 31, 2023.
The 2021 program is not tied to any compensation plan. Purchases may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, including under Rule
10b5-1 plans as well as accelerated share repurchase and other structured transactions. The timing and exact amount of common share repurchases are subject to various factors, including FHN's capital position, financial performance, expected capital impacts of strategic initiatives, market conditions, business conditions, and regulatory considerations. FHN does not purchase shares under this program during blackout periods when senior executives are prohibited from purchasing FHN stock on the open market.
As of September 30, 2023, $401 million in purchases had been made life-to-date under the 2021 program at an average price per share of $16.60, or $16.58 excluding commissions. The pendency of the TD Transaction resulted in no purchases under the 2021 program since the Transaction was announced in 2022. No additional purchases were made under this authority in 2023 before it expired.
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Table I.2.18
COMMON STOCK PURCHASES—GENERAL PROGRAM
(Dollar values and volume in thousands, except per share data)Total number
of shares
purchased
Average price
paid per share (a)
Total number of
shares purchased
as part of publicly
announced programs
Maximum approximate dollar value that may yet be purchased under the programs
2023
July 1 to July 31— N/A— $598,646 
August 1 to August 31— N/A— 598,646 
September 1 to September 30— N/A— 598,646 
Total N/A 
(a) Represents total costs including commissions paid.
Compensation Plans Purchase Program
A consolidated compensation plan share purchase program was announced on August 6, 2004. This program consolidated into a single share purchase program all of the previously authorized compensation plan share programs as well as the renewal of the authorization to purchase shares for use in connection with compensation plans for which the share purchase authority had expired. The primary objectives of this program are to mitigate dilution resulting from shares issued in connection with FHN's various stock-based compensation plans, and to implement automatic stock purchases related to tax withholding obligations associated with stock-based awards. For many years, the program has been used entirely for the second objective.
The total amount authorized under this consolidated compensation plan share purchase program is 29.6 million shares calculated before adjusting for stock dividends distributed through January 1, 2011. The authorization has been reduced for that portion which relates to compensation plans for which no stock option awards remain outstanding. The shares may be purchased over the option exercise periods of the various compensation plans on or before December 31, 2023. Purchases may be
made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions and are subject to various factors including FHN's capital position, financial performance, capital impacts of strategic initiatives, market conditions and regulatory considerations. Shares that are withheld from vested or paid awards for withholding tax purposes are withheld automatically at the applicable time, without regard to whether a trading blackout is in place. If FHN were to resume general program use, such purchases would not occur during blackout periods.
As of September 30, 2023, the maximum number of shares that may be purchased under the program was 21.8 million shares. Management currently does not anticipate purchasing a material number of shares under this authority during 2023.
Management does not expect the 2004 compensation plans program to be renewed or replaced with a formal program. After 2023, FHN will continue to make automatic stock purchases by withholding stock-based award shares to cover tax obligations associated with those awards. Those limited, off-market purchases no longer will be associated with an announced general purchase program.

Table I.2.19
COMMON STOCK PURCHASES—COMPENSATION PLANS PROGRAM
(Volume in thousands, except per share data)Total number
of shares
purchased
Average price
paid per share
Total number of
shares purchased
as part of publicly
announced programs
Maximum number
of shares that may
yet be purchased
under the programs
2023
July 1 to July 3114 $11.52 14 21,758 
August 1 to August 3113.54 21,756 
September 1 to September 3012.49 21,755 
Total17 $11.79 17 

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Risk Management

There have been no significant changes to FHN’s risk management practices as described under “Risk Management” included in Item 7 of FHN’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Market Risk Management
Value-at-Risk and Stress Testing
VaR is a statistical risk measure used to estimate the potential loss in value from adverse market movements over an assumed fixed holding period within a stated confidence level. FHN employs a model to compute daily VaR measures for its trading securities inventory. FHN computes VaR using historical simulation with a 1-year lookback period at a 99% confidence level with 1-day and 10-day time horizons. Additionally, FHN computes a
Stressed VaR measure. The SVaR computation uses the same model but with model inputs reflecting historical data from a continuous 12-month period that reflects a period of significant financial stress appropriate for our trading securities portfolio.
A summary of FHN’s VaR and SVaR measures for 1-day and 10-day time horizons is presented in the following table:
Table I.2.20
VaR & SVaR MEASURES
 Three Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023
As of
September 30, 2023
(Dollars in millions)MeanHighLowMeanHighLow 
1-day
VaR$3 $3 $2 $3 $4 $2 $2 
SVaR7 7 6 6 7 3 7 
10-day
VaR7 8 4 8 11 4 5 
SVaR24 29 19 23 30 12 27 
 Three Months Ended
September 30, 2022
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2022
As of
September 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)MeanHighLowMeanHighLow 
1-day
VaR$$$$$$$
SVaR
10-day
VaR10 11 10 
SVaR24 27 18 24 34 18 25 
 Year Ended
December 31, 2022
As of
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)MeanHighLow 
1-day
VaR$$$$
SVaR
10-day
VaR11 10 
SVaR24 34 18 29 

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FHN’s overall VaR measure includes both interest rate risk and credit spread risk. Separate measures of these component risks are as follows:
Table I.2.21
SCHEDULE OF RISKS INCLUDED IN VaR
 As of
September 30, 2023
As of
September 30, 2022
As of
December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)1-day10-day1-day10-day1-day10-day
Interest rate risk$ $1 $$$$
Credit spread risk2 3 

The potential risk of loss reflected by FHN’s VaR measures assumes the trading securities inventory is static. Because FHN Financial procures fixed income securities for purposes of distribution to clients, its trading securities inventory turns over regularly. Additionally, FHNF traders actively manage the trading securities inventory continuously throughout each trading day. Accordingly, FHNF’s trading securities inventory is highly dynamic, rather than static. As a result, it would be rare for FHNF to incur a negative revenue day in its fixed income activities at the levels indicated by its VaR measures.
In addition to being used in FHN’s daily market risk management process, the VaR and SVaR measures are also used by FHN in computing its regulatory market risk capital requirements in accordance with the Market Risk Capital rules. For additional information regarding FHN's capital adequacy refer to the Capital section of this MD&A.
FHN also performs stress tests on its trading securities portfolio to calculate the potential loss under various assumed market scenarios. Key assumed stresses used in those tests are:
Down 25 bps - assumes an instantaneous downward move in interest rates of 25 basis points at all points on the interest rate yield curve.
Up 25 bps - assumes an instantaneous upward move in interest rates of 25 basis points at all points on the interest rate yield curve.
Curve flattening - assumes an instantaneous flattening of the interest rate yield curve through an increase in short-term rates and a decrease in long-term rates. The
2-year point on the Treasury yield curve is assumed to increase 15 basis points and the 10-year point on the Treasury yield curve is assumed to decrease 15 basis points. Shifts in other points on the yield curve are predicted based on their correlation to the 2-year and 10-year points.
Curve steepening - assumes an instantaneous steepening of the interest rate yield curve through a decrease in short-term rates and an increase in long-term rates. The 2-year point on the Treasury yield curve is assumed to decrease 15 basis points and the 10-year point on the Treasury yield curve is assumed to increase 15 basis points. Shifts in other points on the yield curve are predicted based on their correlation to the 2-year and 10-year points.
Credit spread widening - assumes an instantaneous increase in credit spreads (the difference between yields on Treasury securities and non-Treasury securities) of 25 basis points.
Model Validation
Trading risk management personnel within FHN Financial have primary responsibility for model risk management with respect to the model used by FHN to compute its VaR measures and perform stress testing on the trading inventory. Among other procedures, these personnel monitor model results and perform periodic backtesting as part of an ongoing process of validating the accuracy of the model. These model risk management activities are subject to annual review by FHN’s Model Validation Group, an independent assurance group charged with oversight responsibility for FHN’s model risk management.
Interest Rate Risk Management
Net Interest Income Simulation Analysis
The information provided in this section, including the discussion regarding the outcomes of simulation analysis and rate shock analysis, is forward-looking. Actual results, if the assumed scenarios were to occur, could differ because of interest rate movements, the ability of management to execute its business plans, and other factors, including those presented in the Forward-Looking Statements section of this Report.
Management uses a simulation model to measure interest rate risk and to formulate strategies to improve balance sheet positioning, earnings, or both, within FHN’s interest rate risk, liquidity, and capital guidelines. Interest rate exposure is measured by forecasting 12 months of NII under various interest rate scenarios and comparing the percentage change in NII for each scenario to a base case scenario where interest rates remain unchanged. Assumptions are made regarding future balance sheet composition, interest rate movements, and loan and
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deposit pricing. In addition, assumptions are made about the magnitude of asset prepayments and earlier than anticipated deposit withdrawals. The results of these scenarios help FHN develop strategies for managing exposure to interest rate risk. While management believes the assumptions used and scenarios selected in its simulations are reasonable, simulation modeling provides only an estimate, not a precise calculation, of exposure to any given change in interest rates.
Based on a static balance sheet as of September 30, 2023, NII exposures over the next 12 months assuming rate shocks of plus/minus 25 basis points, plus/minus 50 basis points, plus/minus 100 basis points, and plus 200 basis points are estimated to have variances as shown in the table below.
Table I.2.22
INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY
Shifts in Interest Rates
(in bps)
% Change in Projected
Net Interest Income
-100(4.1)%
-50(2.1)%
-25(1.0)%
+25+0.9%
+50+1.7%
+100+3.2%
+200+4.4%
A steepening yield curve scenario, where long-term rates increase by 50 basis points and short-term rates are static, results in a favorable NII variance of 0.4%. A flattening yield curve scenario, where long-term rates decrease by 50 basis points and short-term rates are static, results in an unfavorable NII variance of 0.5%. These hypothetical scenarios are used to create a risk measurement framework, and do not necessarily represent management’s current view of future interest rates or market developments.
Short-term interest rates have reached their highest levels in 15 years, which coupled with market disruption from recent high profile bank failures, has increased competitive pressures on deposit costs.
The yield curve was inverted for much of the last half of 2022, which has continued during the first three quarters of 2023. The inverted yield curve indicates market expectations that short-term rates are likely to peak and then decline in future periods. Market participants are divided in their opinions regarding the timing and magnitude of further short-term rate increases or subsequent rate cuts. FHN continues to monitor current economic trends and potential exposures closely. For additional information, see "Yield Curve" within "Market Uncertainties and Prospective Trends" below.
LIBOR & Reference Rate Reform
In March 2022, Congress passed the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act. The legislation addresses loans that remained on LIBOR as of the June 30, 2023 cessation date, and that either have no fallback provisions or that contain fallback provisions that do not identify a specific benchmark replacement. Per the legislation, at the final cessation of USD LIBOR, banks may cause such loans to fall back to a SOFR-based benchmark rate, with such rate to be selected by the Federal Reserve Board. The LIBOR Act also provides safe harbor from liability for banks that select the Board-selected replacement benchmark rate at the cessation of LIBOR.
In December 2022, the Federal Reserve Board issued Regulation ZZ, its final rule to implement the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act.
FHN has complied with the terms of the LIBOR Act and Regulation ZZ and has amended substantially all of its contracts away from LIBOR as of June 30, 2023. For most financial products, the most common alternative reference rates have been SOFR-based benchmarks. This is true for both new originations and legacy LIBOR contracts that were subject to amendment or a transition by their terms.
Liquidity Risk Management
Among other things, ALCO is responsible for liquidity management: the funding of assets with liabilities of appropriate duration, while mitigating the risk of unexpected cash needs. ALCO and the Board of Directors have adopted a Liquidity Policy of which the objective is to ensure that FHN meets its cash and collateral obligations promptly, in a cost-effective manner and with the highest degree of reliability. After the banking crisis earlier in the year, ALCO and the Board examined the liquidity risk management framework and policies to ensure alignment
with evolving regulatory expectations, industry best practices, and the company’s risk appetite. The maintenance of adequate levels of asset and liability liquidity should provide FHN with the ability to meet both expected and unexpected cash and collateral needs. Key liquidity ratios, asset liquidity levels, and the amount available from funding sources are reported to ALCO on a regular basis. FHN’s Liquidity Policy establishes liquidity limits that are deemed appropriate for FHN’s risk profile.

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In accordance with the Liquidity Policy, ALCO manages FHN’s exposure to liquidity risk through a dynamic, real time forecasting methodology. Base liquidity forecasts are reviewed by ALCO and are updated as financial conditions dictate. In addition to the baseline liquidity reports, robust stress testing of assumptions and funds availability are periodically reviewed. FHN maintains a contingency funding plan that may be executed should unexpected difficulties arise in accessing funding that affects FHN, the industry, or both. Subject to market conditions and compliance with applicable regulatory requirements from time to time, funds are available from a number of sources, including the available-for-sale securities portfolio, dealer and commercial customer repurchase agreements, access to the overnight and term Federal Funds markets, incremental borrowing capacity at the FHLB ($14.5 billion was available as of September 30, 2023), brokered deposits, loan sales, syndications, and access to the Federal Reserve Bank.
Generally, a primary source of funding for a bank is core deposits from the bank's client base. The period-end loans-to-deposits ratio was 92% as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
FHN may also use unsecured short-term borrowings as a source of liquidity. Federal funds purchased from correspondent bank clients are considered to be substantially more stable than funds purchased in the national broker markets for federal funds due to the long, historical, and reciprocal nature of banking services provided by FHN to these correspondent banks. The remainder of FHN’s wholesale short-term borrowings consists of securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions accounted for as secured borrowings with business clients or broker dealer counterparties.
Both FHN and First Horizon Bank have the ability to generate liquidity by issuing senior or subordinated unsecured debt, preferred equity, and common equity, subject to market conditions and compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. As of September 30, 2023, FHN had outstanding $797 million in senior and subordinated unsecured debt and $520 million in non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock. As of September 30, 2023, First Horizon Bank and subsidiaries had outstanding preferred shares of $295 million, which are reflected as noncontrolling interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Parent company liquidity is primarily provided by cash flows stemming from dividends and interest payments collected from subsidiaries. These sources of cash represent the primary sources of funds to pay cash dividends to shareholders and principal and interest to debt holders of FHN. Applying the dividend restrictions imposed under applicable federal and state rules as outlined above, the Bank’s total amount available for dividends was $1.3 billion as of October 1, 2023.
In March 2022, FHN agreed to suspend the Dividend Reinvestment Plan in connection with the TD Transaction. During the suspension period, dividend payments of FHN are not automatically reinvested in additional shares of FHN common stock and participants in the Plan are not able to purchase shares of FHN common stock through optional cash investments under the Plan.
First Horizon Bank declared and paid common dividends to the parent company in the amount of $110 million in both first and second quarter 2023 and $435 million in 2022. First Horizon Bank declared and paid preferred dividends in each quarter of 2023 and 2022. Additionally, First Horizon Bank declared preferred dividends in fourth quarter 2023, payable in January 2024.
Payment of a dividend to shareholders of FHN is dependent on several factors which are considered by the Board. These factors include FHN’s current and prospective capital, liquidity, and other needs, applicable regulatory restrictions (including capital conservation buffer requirements) and availability of funds to FHN through a dividend from First Horizon Bank. Additionally, banking regulators generally require insured banks and bank holding companies to pay cash dividends only out of current operating earnings. Consequently, the decision of whether FHN will pay future dividends and the amount of dividends will be affected by current operating results.
FHN paid a cash dividend of $0.15 per common share on October 2, 2023. FHN paid cash dividends of $1,625 per Series E preferred share and $1,175 per Series F preferred share on October 10, 2023 and $165 per Series C preferred share and $305 per Series D preferred share on November 1, 2023. In addition, in October 2023, the Board approved cash dividends per share in the following amounts:
Table I.2.23
CASH DIVIDENDS
APPROVED BUT NOT PAID
Dividend/ShareRecord DatePayment Date
Common Stock$0.15 12/15/202301/02/2024
Preferred Stock
Series B$331.25 01/17/202402/01/2024
Series C$165.00 01/17/202402/01/2024
Series E$1,625.00 12/26/202301/10/2024
Series F$1,175.00 12/26/202301/10/2024

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, FHN is a party to a number of activities that contain credit, market and operational risk that are not reflected in whole or in part in the consolidated financial statements. Such activities include traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments. FHN enters into commitments to extend credit to borrowers, including loan commitments, lines of credit, standby letters of credit, and commercial
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letters of credit. Many of the commitments are expected to expire unused or be only partially used; therefore, the total amount of commitments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Based on its available
liquidity and available borrowing capacity, FHN anticipates it will continue to have sufficient funds to meet its current commitments.
Repurchase Obligations
Prior to September 2008, legacy First Horizon originated loans through its pre-2009 mortgage business, primarily first lien home loans, with the intention of selling them. FHN's principal remaining exposures for those activities relate to (i) indemnification claims by underwriters, loan purchasers, and other parties which assert that FHN-originated loans caused or contributed to losses which FHN is legally obliged to indemnify, and (ii) indemnification or other claims related to FHN's servicing of pre-2009 mortgage loans.
FHN’s approach for determining the adequacy of the repurchase and foreclosure reserve has evolved, sometimes substantially, based on changes in information available. Repurchase/make-whole rates vary based on purchaser, vintage, and claim type. For those loans repurchased or covered by a make-whole payment, cumulative average loss severities range between 50 and 60 percent of the UPB.
Repurchase Accrual Approach
In determining potential loss content, claims are analyzed by purchaser, vintage, and claim type. FHN considers various inputs including claim rate estimates, historical average repurchase and loss severity rates, mortgage insurance cancellations, and mortgage insurance curtailment requests. Inputs are applied to claims in the
active pipeline, as well as to historical average inflows to estimate loss content related to potential future inflows. Management also evaluates the nature of claims from purchasers and/or servicers of loans sold to determine if qualitative adjustments are appropriate.
Repurchase and Foreclosure Liability
As discussed in Note 10 - Contingencies and Other Disclosures, FHN’s repurchase and foreclosure liability, primarily related to its pre-2009 mortgage origination, sale, securitization, and servicing businesses, is comprised of accruals to cover estimated loss content in the active pipeline, estimated future inflows, and estimated loss content related to certain known claims not currently included in the active pipeline. The active pipeline consists of mortgage loan repurchase and make-whole demands from loan purchasers or securitization participants, foreclosure/servicing demands from borrowers, and certain related exposures. The liability contemplates repurchase/make-whole and damages obligations and estimates for probable incurred losses associated with
loan populations excluded from the settlements with the GSEs, as well as other whole loans sold, mortgage insurance cancellation rescissions, and loans included in bulk servicing sales effected prior to the settlements with the GSEs. FHN compares the estimated probable incurred losses determined under the applicable loss estimation approaches for the respective periods with current reserve levels. Changes in the estimated required liability levels are recorded as necessary through the repurchase and foreclosure provision. The total repurchase and foreclosure liability, which includes both the legacy pre-2009 business and the current mortgage business, was $16 million as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Market Uncertainties and Prospective Trends
FHN’s future results could be affected both positively and negatively by several known trends. Key among those are changes in the U.S. and global economy and outlook, government actions affecting interest rates, and government actions and proposals which could have positive or negative impacts on the economy at large or on certain businesses, industries, or sectors. Additional risks relate to political uncertainty, changes in federal policies (including those publicly discussed, formally
proposed, or recently implemented) and the potential impacts of those changes on our businesses and clients, and whether FHN’s strategic initiatives will succeed.
In addition to trends and events noted elsewhere in this MD&A, FHN believes the following trends and events are noteworthy at this time.


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Inflation, Recession, Banking, and Federal Reserve Policy
Economic Overview
The post-COVID economy in the U.S. has been marked by: strong inflation, which began in 2021, peaked in 2022, and has been abating in 2023; the Federal Reserve implementing a "tightening" policy in 2022 to contain inflation by rapidly increasing short-term interest rates and ending asset purchases; low unemployment rates; moderate economic growth; and a profoundly inverted yield curve. Key aspects were:
Although the U.S. economy flirted with recession in 2022, it did not officially enter one. In 2023 recession expectations have moderated significantly.
The rise in short-term interest rates by the Federal Reserve in 2022 was both rapid and substantial, taking the overnight Fed Funds rate from 0.20% in March 2022 to 4.65% a year later. Hikes since first quarter 2023 have been much more modest and less frequent.
In response to 2022's extremely rapid and vigorous tightening of monetary policy, the inflation rate in the U.S. now is well below 2022's levels. However, inflation remains high in relation to the decade preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, and in relation to the Federal Reserve's stated long-term goal of 2%.
Monetary tightening often creates yield curve inversion for a time. In the current cycle, traditional inversion (when ten-year treasury rates are below two-year rates) has been both very deep and unusually sustained, with the current inversion having begun in the summer of 2022.
Yield curve inversion moderated in third quarter 2023 as long-term rates started to climb. Inversion continued into the fourth quarter, however.
Key events and circumstances are noted in the following discussions.
Federal Reserve and Rates
The Federal Reserve raised short-term rates several times in 2022 and in 2023. All but one of the raises in 2022 were 75 and 50 basis points each—aggressive by historical standards—while the 2023 raises were the more-typical 25 basis points each. The Federal Reserve has expressed its intent to bring inflation under control even at the risk of creating or deepening an economic recession. Recently the Federal Reserve has indicated that future decisions to raise rates further, or to hold them steady, cannot be forecast. FHN expects future decisions will be heavily impacted by economic data, especially inflation-rate and -trend data, available at each decision point.
FHN cannot predict exactly when or how much short-term rates will be further raised, when raises will halt entirely, how market-driven long-term rates will behave, nor how
those actions may affect financial markets, during the rest of 2023 and early 2024.
Yield Curve
Unusual yield curve effects, including inversion, are common when monetary policy changes. A traditional measure of inversion occurs when the two-year U.S. Treasury rate is higher than the ten-year rate. Traditional inversion has been sustained for the last half of 2022 and all of the first three quarters of 2023, an unusually long period. The degree of inversion has varied, but generally has been much deeper than is typical. Sustained traditional yield curve inversion is viewed, with statistical support, as a harbinger of economic recession, but recession has not yet occurred.
The most recent period with deep and longer-lasting inversion was over 40 years ago. That 4-5 year period was marked by stagflation (low economic growth coupled with high inflation), followed by extremely robust interest rate hikes and a strong recession.
Yield curve flattening and inversion generally reduces the profit FHN can make from lending by compressing FHN's net interest margin, and also generally reduces FHN's revenues from bond trading. These impacts have occurred and are continuing during the current inversion. Refer to Interest Rate & Yield Curve Risks, located in Item 1A. Risk Factors of FHN's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, for a discussion of the risks to FHN associated with flattening and inversion.
Recession
The U.S. economy contracted (experienced negative growth) during the first two quarters of 2022, in both cases modestly. Although two consecutive quarters of contraction often coincides with recession, in 2022 it did not. The economy expanded in each of the most recent four quarters.
Recession expectations in the U.S. were high in 2022 and first quarter 2023. They moderated significantly after that. Currently recession expectations generally are mixed and mild, with some expecting no recession and others expecting only a moderate one sometime in 2024. However, prompted by the persistence of above-target inflation, further rate hikes by the Federal Reserve could re-awaken recession fears and increase the risk of an actual recession.
Banking Crisis
In March 2023, two large regional U.S. banks failed after sudden large deposit outflows, and a major Swiss bank was acquired by another bank at the behest of regulators. In the aftermath of the two U.S. failures, bank investors and clients across the U.S. became more focused on deposit mix, funding risk management, and other safety-soundness concerns. The market values of virtually all U.S.
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bank stocks fell quickly and strongly in March, with a few falling about 90%.
Following these failures, the media published stories about actual and possible bank runs by depositors. Most U.S. banks saw net outflows of deposits in 2022 and early 2023 as the impacts of COVID-19 crisis programs faded and rates available from non-bank-account investments improved. According to Federal Reserve data, starting in mid-March, the two failures triggered an abrupt net deposit outflow from all but the largest U.S. banks. Specifically, during the week of March 15, the 25 largest U.S. banks as a group saw net deposit inflows exceeding $100 billion, while all other (smaller) U.S. banks as a group saw net outflows of nearly $200 billion. The next week large and small U.S. banks experienced net outflows of roughly $100 and $50 billion, respectively. The March crisis shock was short-lived, however. During the final week of March both large and small U.S. banks collectively experienced net inflows of deposits, roughly mirroring the first week of March, before the crisis emerged.
The two U.S. bank failures resulted in Congressional calls for higher regulation of mid-sized regional banks, especially for those with $100 billion or more of assets.
In early May a third large regional U.S. bank failed after experiencing very large deposit outflows in March. Although this failure was widely anticipated, volatility in regional bank stocks reappeared in May. By June bank-stock volatility had abated again, but with regional bank prices well below pre-crisis levels.
The three failed U.S. banks had a few characteristics that FHN believes were significant negative factors contributing to loss of confidence by depositors, in addition to having an unusual customer mix: well-above-median levels of deposits not covered by FDIC insurance; significant portions of the 2020-21 pandemic deposit inflows invested in longer-term fixed-rate debt securities; and very high (in relation to regulatory capital) market value losses on those investments when rates rose in 2022 and early 2023. These factors made those banks unusually susceptible to a cascade of negative effects when deposit levels diminished, for the entire industry, starting in 2022 as customers sought better returns in the rising rate environment.
Market Volatility & Valuations
As a result of the prospects for recession, coupled with the uncertainties associated with war in eastern Europe, financial markets world-wide were volatile during much of 2022. Volatility overall have moderated somewhat in 2023, but volatile episodes have continued.
Financial asset values broadly fell last year, especially during the second and third quarters. By mid-year 2023, broad stock indices largely had recovered from 2022's low points. Values generally declined during third quarter to the point that many sectors and stocks are in a "correction," where values are down more than 10%.
Impacts on FHN
In 2022, FHN benefited significantly from rising rates as the rise in lending rates outpaced the rise in deposit and other funding rates. In the first quarter of 2023, that outpacing ended, with FHN's net interest margin compressing slightly from fourth quarter 2022. That compression has worsened in second quarter as FHN's funding rates, especially for deposits, rose more than lending rates. Although net interest margin levels may improve modestly while short term rates remain steady, margins are not likely to improve appreciably until the yield curve inversion mentioned above has ended and the curve takes at least a moderately steep slope.
In 2022 and early 2023, FHN experienced a normalization of deposit levels since first quarter 2020 as it allowed surge deposits resulting from COVID-driven stimulus programs to move off its balance sheet. Net deposit outflows ranged from roughly $2.0 to $4.0 billion in each of the last three quarters of 2022, and fell again by roughly $2.5 billion in first quarter 2023. That outflow trend ended in second quarter as FHN had net deposit inflows of $4.0 billion. Deposits increased again, more modestly, in third quarter. To mitigate net deposit outflows, FHN increased deposit rates appreciably, particularly in May and June 2023.
A significant portion of the May and June 2023 deposit inflows were in the form of certificates of deposit, or CDs. A large group of those CDs will mature in November and December 2023, and another group will mature in April and May 2024. A challenge for FHN is to retain as many of those deposit dollars, and depositor customers, as is reasonably practical while moderating rates paid.
In addition, some of FHN's businesses have been negatively impacted by rising rates. Rate increases have pushed home mortgage rates in the U.S. much higher than in early 2022, reducing demand. FHN's direct mortgage lending and lending to mortgage companies saw business decline significantly in 2022. Moreover, FHN's revenues from bond trading and related activities fell significantly in 2022 due to rising rates coupled with elevated market volatility. These impacts have continued in 2023.
A recession, if one occurs, likely would have a negative impact on FHN's businesses overall. Demand for loans likely would fall, loan losses and provision expense likely would rise, many commercial activities that generate fee income likely would decline, and competition for clients likely would sharpen. FHN already has experienced some of these impacts. The deeper or longer a recession lasts, the more significant these negative impacts are likely to be for FHN. However, as mentioned above, recessionary expectations have abated in 2023. Although further interest rate hikes to contain inflation may push the U.S. into recession in 2024, such a recession currently is not expected to be severe.
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FDIC Special Assessment
The FDIC has proposed a special assessment on banks to replenish the deposit insurance fund in connection with the three large bank failures in March and May 2023 discussed in Banking Crisis above. Under the proposal, the special assessment would be approximately 12.5 basis points per year imposed on certain deposits over eight quarters, starting with the first quarterly assessment period of 2024. The special assessment rate could be
revised before the proposal is finalized in order to reflect adjustments to the estimated losses to the fund from those bank failures or certain other events. FHN expects to recognize an estimate of the entire assessment as an expense in the quarter when the FDIC publishes its final action, which could be as soon as the fourth quarter of 2023. FHN expects that expense to be material to its financial results for the quarter of recognition.
Other Regulatory Proposals
In 2023 the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve and other regulators have proposed regulatory changes that would, if implemented, significantly increase regulatory constraints and costs on all U.S. banks with assets of $100 billion or more. A few new requirements would apply to banks, like FHN, with assets of $50 billion or more, but by far the main impacts would fall on $100 billion banks.
The proposals touch upon many regulatory requirements, including debt and equity capital requirements, credit risk standards, asset risk-weighting, and resolution planning. Because of the scope and complexity of the proposals, along with the fact that FHN is more than $10 billion below the $100 billion threshold, FHN is able to estimate its likely impact on FHN only very crudely. Assuming the proposal is adopted without change, and assuming FHN crosses the $100 billion threshold at some future time after the proposal is fully phased in, FHN estimates that the increase in its regulatory compliance costs is likely to be roughly on the order of $100 million per year. Whatever the actual increase turns out to be, it will be
significantly higher than it would have been without the proposals.
The triggering of significant cost increases based on a single threshold financial measure—$100 billion in assets—has impacted the U.S. banking industry. The proposals will aggravate that effect. Banks near the threshold will be more likely to slow or even halt asset growth, at least for a period. Banks modestly over the threshold, in contrast, will be more likely to expand their asset base as quickly as possible to make the extra costs more affordable. Those enhanced effects increase the incentive of banks to consolidate.
It appears likely that, if adopted as proposed, significant parts of the proposals will be challenged in court as being inconsistent with legislation enacted by Congress several years ago. Such a challenge would be technical and complex, and likely would take many years to resolve. Moreover, even if a challenge of that sort were successful, many parts of the proposals likely would remain intact and others likely would be modified but not rescinded.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reporting Regimes
In October 2023 the state of California enacted two laws which, taken together, will require most larger companies doing business in California to report annually their greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions, with an external assurance requirement, and to report biennially their climate-related financial risks and risk-mitigation measures. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") has proposed, but not yet adopted, rules that would require all U.S. companies with publicly-traded securities to report annually their GHG emissions. The California laws include multi-year phase in periods and encompass Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 GHG emissions. The SEC proposal has Scope 1 and 2 reporting requirements, along with Scope 3 requirements in certain situations. The California governor has stated that the new laws are likely to be subjected to technical amendments in the next year or so. The SEC proposal is not final and could change, perhaps substantially, when adopted.
Three GHG Scopes
Scope 1 GHG emissions are those from a source the company owns or controls directly, such as a manufacturing plant. Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions from company activities, such as from power consumed by company operations. Scope 1 and 2 emissions generally can be measured or estimated using information a company normally can obtain without significant external inquiry.
Scope 3 GHG emissions are those from sources and activities that a company neither owns nor controls. Scope 3 emissions are from a wide range of sources that touch upon a company, such as: vendors; employees (commuting, business travel, etc.); and customers. Scope 3 information generally is unknown to a company without significant external inquiry and/or estimation.

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Potential Business Impacts
Direct compliance costs will include creating systems to measure or estimate and capture relevant data, staffing, and engagement of vendors, including a firm to provide required assurances (somewhat analogous to a financial statement auditor).
Potentially of more significance: obtaining data to support Scope 3 reporting could, depending upon how the new regimes are implemented, require FHN and other affected banks to obtain GHG-related information from customers, including customers that are not public companies and that do no business in California. If so, effectively FHN could be required to impose costs and/or inconveniences on customers. Other banks in FHN's markets, particularly those that are private and not doing business in California, could provide financial services without those requirements, putting FHN at a competitive disadvantage.
Potential Legal Challenges
The application of the California laws to companies outside of California appears likely to be challenged in
court as being an unconstitutionally broad or burdensome regulation of interstate commerce, an unconstitutional violation of free speech protections, or possibly other grounds. Such a challenge could take many years to resolve. A key practical question will be whether the courts impose a legal stay (a moratorium) on these laws while challenges are pending.
Assuming the SEC adopts final GHG regulations similar to those proposed, it appears very likely that legal challenges will be made based mainly on the fact that the SEC lacks explicit Congressional authorization to create a regulatory reporting regime pertaining to GHG emissions. As with the California laws, a key question will be whether the courts impose a stay on the rules while challenges are pending.
Assuming the SEC adopts final GHG regulations similar to those proposed, and further assuming that any legal challenge leaves those rules entirely or largely intact, the California laws might be challenged by public companies as having been pre-empted by the SEC rules.
Coastal Market Growth and Rising Costs
FHN's principal markets are in the southern and southeastern United States, including most of the major gulf coast markets and several markets on the southern Atlantic seacoast. Many of FHN's markets have experienced significant population growth over at least the past twenty years, outpacing the growth rate for the U.S. as a whole. That population growth generally has been accompanied by economic growth.
Many of FHN's fastest growing markets, including those in Florida, can be impacted significantly by hurricanes and other severe coastal weather events. As those markets grow, FHN's economic commitment to them grows, as does FHN's financial exposure to those events.
It has been widely reported that the economic costs of hurricane events in the U.S. gulf and southern Atlantic coastal areas has been rising significantly over many years. FHN believes that rising costs are directly related to growth in those areas.
For example, many parts of New Orleans were severely damaged by flooding in 2005 as powerful coastal storms impacted the vicinity. The oldest parts of town largely avoided flooding, while the hardest hit areas, on lower-lying ground, generally were more recently built. As another example, on a larger scale: much of the growth in Florida over the past 50 years has been along the coast moving out from older cities. A gulf coast hurricane 50 years ago had a fair chance of making landfall in a relatively unpopulated area. Now, the chances of directly hitting a population center are much higher, the average population in those centers is much higher, and the average value per building is much higher. If growth
continues, in time every storm will directly impact a population center.
This significant increase in casualty risks and costs is being reflected in property insurance practices. In the past few years the industry has been revising its risk assessments in coastal areas as loss experience has deviated from predictions, sometimes badly. In Florida, for example, some smaller carriers have failed, some larger carriers have left the markets, and the remaining carriers have significantly increased the premiums of hurricane-related insurance, narrowed coverage, or both. Coastal states such as Florida and Louisiana have created last-resort insurance pools for residents who cannot obtain or afford private property insurance. However, as the costs borne by those pools increase, either the premiums will have to rise or general taxation will have to cover the difference. In addition, those programs generally do not help business clients.
The availability, reliability, and cost of adequate property insurance is a significant concern for FHN as well as FHN's clients in affected markets. Instability in property insurance makes FHN's business decisions more difficult, and increases FHN's risks of loan loss and business downturn. More fundamentally, elevated insurance and casualty costs blunt a key factor driving growth in many of these markets: lower costs of living. If market growth slows, FHN's business will be impacted.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
FHN has made no significant changes in its critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in its 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Accounting Changes
Refer to Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies for a detail of accounting changes with extended transition periods, accounting changes adopted in the current year and accounting changes issued but not currently effective, which section is incorporated into MD&A by this reference.
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Non-GAAP Information
Table I.2.24
NON-GAAP TO GAAP RECONCILIATION
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions; shares in thousands)September 30, 2023June 30, 2023September 30, 2022September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Pre-provision Net Revenue (Non-GAAP)
Net interest income (GAAP)$605 $630 $662 $1,923 $1,683 
Plus: Noninterest income (GAAP)173 400 213 745 642 
Total revenues (GAAP)778 1,030 875 2,668 2,325 
Less: Noninterest expense (GAAP)474 555 469 1,508 1,450 
Pre-provision net revenue (Non-GAAP)$304 $475 $406 $1,160 $875 
Average Tangible Common Equity (Non-GAAP)
Average total equity (GAAP)$8,978 $9,029 $8,669 $8,905 $8,634 
Less: Average noncontrolling interest (a)295 295 295 295 295 
Less: Average preferred stock (a)520 986 1,014 838 909 
(A) Total average common equity$8,163 $7,748 $7,360 $7,772 $7,430 
Less: Average goodwill and other intangible assets (GAAP)(b)1,714 1,726 1,767 1,726 1,786 
(B) Average tangible common equity (Non-GAAP)$6,449 $6,022 $5,593 $6,046 $5,644 
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders
(C) Net income available to common shareholders (annualized) (GAAP)$513 $1,270 $1,020 $922 $815 
Tangible Common Equity (Non-GAAP)
(D) Total equity (GAAP)$8,793 $8,960 $8,283 $8,793 $8,283 
Less: Noncontrolling interest (a)295 295 295 295 295 
Less: Preferred stock (a)520 520 1,014 520 1,014 
(E) Total common equity$7,978 $8,145 $6,974 $7,978 $6,974 
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets (GAAP)(b)1,709 1,721 1,757 1,709 1,757 
(F) Tangible common equity (Non-GAAP)6,269 6,424 5,217 6,269 5,217 
Less: Unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities, net of tax(1,170)(964)(1,039)(1,170)(1,039)
(G) Adjusted tangible common equity (Non-GAAP)$7,439 $7,388 $6,256 $7,439 $6,256 
Tangible Assets (Non-GAAP)
(H) Total assets (GAAP)$82,533 $85,071 $80,299 $82,533 $80,299 
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets (GAAP) (b)1,709 1,721 1,757 1,709 1,757 
(I) Tangible assets (Non-GAAP)$80,824 $83,350 $78,542 $80,824 $78,542 
Risk-Weighted Assets
(J) Risk-weighted assets (c)$71,866 $71,517 $68,580 $71,866 $68,580 
Period-end Shares Outstanding
(K) Period-end shares outstanding558,709 558,659 536,737 558,709 536,737 
Ratios
(C)/(A) Return on average common equity (GAAP) 6.28 %16.40 %13.85 %11.86 %10.97 %
(C)/(B) Return on average tangible common equity (Non-GAAP) 7.95 21.10 18.23 15.24 14.44 
(D)/(H) Total period-end equity to period-end assets (GAAP)10.65 10.53 10.32 10.65 10.32 
(F)/(I) Tangible common equity to tangible assets (Non-GAAP)7.76 7.71 6.64 7.76 6.64 
(G)/(J) Adjusted tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets (Non-GAAP)10.35 10.33 9.12 10.35 9.12 
(E)/(K) Book value per common share (GAAP)$14.28 $14.58 $12.99 $14.28 $12.99 
(F)/(K) Tangible book value per common share (Non-GAAP)$11.22 $11.50 $9.72 $11.22 $9.72 
(a) Included in total equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b) Includes goodwill and other intangible assets, net of amortization.
(c) Defined by and calculated in conformity with bank regulations applicable to FHN.
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PART I, ITEM 3. DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK AND ITEM 4. CONTROLS & PROCEDURES
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The information called for by this item is contained in
(a) Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included as Item 2 of Part I of this report, including in particular the section entitled “Risk Management” beginning on page 101 of this report and the subsections entitled “Market Risk Management” beginning on page 101 and “Interest Rate Risk Management” beginning on page 102 of this report, and
(b) Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing on pages 50-56 of this report, all of which materials are incorporated herein by reference. For additional information concerning market risk and our
management of it, refer to: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing in Item 7 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, including in particular the section entitled “Risk Management” beginning on page 86 of that Report and the subsections entitled “Market Risk Management” beginning on page 87 and “Interest Rate Risk Management” beginning on page 89 of that Report; and Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing on pages 176-182 of Item 8 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that evaluation, the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures
were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b)Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the third fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION, ITEMS 1. THROUGH 5.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.         Legal Proceedings
The “Contingencies” section of Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page 39 of this Report is incorporated into this Item by reference.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

Material changes from risk factor disclosures in FHN's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Not applicable.

Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

(a) Unregistered Equity Securities Sold
Not applicable
(b) Use of Proceeds If Rule 463 is Applicable
Not applicable
(c) Equity Repurchases
The "Common Stock Purchase Programs” section including tables I.2.18 and I.2.19 and explanatory discussions
included in Item 2 of Part I of this report under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” beginning on page 99 of this report, is incorporated herein by reference.

Items 3. and 4.
Not applicable
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Item 5.     Other Information
(a) Previously Unreported 8-K Disclosures
Not applicable
(b) Change in Nomination Procedures
Not applicable
(c) Trading Arrangement Disclosures
During the third quarter of 2023, the following directors or executive officers (those officers who are required to file stock ownership reports on SEC Forms 3, 4, and 5) adopted, modified, or terminated the Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements, and the non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements, as shown in Table II.5c below.
Unless otherwise explicitly indicated in a footnote to the Table, each arrangement marked in the Table as "10b5-1" under the "Arrangement Type" column is intended by its maker, as reported to FHN, to satisfy the affirmative defense requirements of SEC Rule 10b5-1(c).
If "Not applicable" appears in the Table, then for the third quarter of 2023 no director or executive officer of FHN adopted, modified, or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.
Table II.5c
TRADING ARRANGEMENTS CREATED, MODIFIED, OR TERMINATED MOST RECENT QUARTER
 Arrangement TypeType of Action Taken During QuarterDate Action TakenDuration or Expiration DateTotal Shares to be
Name & Title10b5-1non-10b5-1BoughtSold
Not applicable

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION, ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Item 6.     Exhibits
10-Q EXHIBIT TABLE
Exh. No.Description of Exhibit to this ReportFiled HereMngt ExhFurn-ishedIncorporated by Reference to
FormExh. No.Filing Date
3.18-K3.17/30/2021
3.28-K3.13/03/2022
3.38-K3.17/25/2023
4.1FHN agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request a copy of each instrument defining the rights of the holders of the senior and subordinated long-term debt of FHN and its consolidated subsidiaries
10.1XX
31(a)X
31(b)X
32(a)XX
32(b)XX
XBRL Exhibits
101
The following financial information from First Horizon Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
X
101. INSXBRL Instance Document -- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101. SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension SchemaX
101. CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation LinkbaseX
101. LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label LinkbaseX
101. PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation LinkbaseX
101. DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition LinkbaseX
104Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101)X
In the Exhibit Table: the “Filed Here” column denotes each exhibit which is filed or furnished (as applicable) with this report; the “Mngt Exh” column denotes each exhibit that represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be identified as such; the
“Furnished” column denotes each exhibit that is “furnished” pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 or otherwise, and is not “filed” as part of this Report or as a separate disclosure document; and the phrase “2022 named executive officers” refers to those executive
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officers whose 2022 compensation was described in our 2023 Proxy Statement.
In many agreements filed as exhibits, each party makes representations and warranties to other parties. Those representations and warranties are made only to and for the benefit of those other parties in the context of a business contract. Exceptions to such representations and warranties may be partially or fully waived by such parties, or not enforced by such parties, in their discretion. No such representation or warranty may be relied upon by any other person for any purpose.
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SIGNATURES
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
FIRST HORIZON CORPORATION
(Registrant)                                 
Date: November 7, 2023 By: /s/ Hope Dmuchowski
 Name: Hope Dmuchowski
 Title: Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
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