FIRST NATIONAL CORP /VA/ - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 0-23976

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Virginia		54-1232965
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

112 West King Street, Strasburg, Virginia		22657
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(540) 465-9121

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of November 13, 2017, 4,945,056 shares of common stock, par value $1.25 per share, of the registrant were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS




		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	3

	Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	4

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	6

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	7

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	9

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	10

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	53

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	53

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	54

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	54

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	54

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	54

Item 5.	Other Information	54

Item 6.	Exhibits	54

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)



	(unaudited) September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016*
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	9,162		$	10,106
Interest-bearing deposits in banks	24,480			30,986
Securities available for sale, at fair value	93,102			94,802
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value, 2017, $49,416; 2016, $52,709)	49,376			53,398
Restricted securities, at cost	1,570			1,548
Loans held for sale	660			337
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses, 2017, $5,301; 2016, $5,321	509,406			480,746
Other real estate owned, net of valuation allowance, 2017, $0; 2016, $0	250			250
Premises and equipment, net	20,510			20,785
Accrued interest receivable	1,886			1,746
Bank owned life insurance	14,232			13,928
Core deposit intangibles, net	1,071			1,551
Other assets	5,798			5,817
Total assets	$	731,503		$	716,000

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	179,351		$	168,076
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	350,879			349,067
Time deposits	126,032			128,427
Total deposits	$	656,262		$	645,570
Subordinated debt	4,943			4,930
Junior subordinated debt	9,279			9,279
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	3,485			4,070
Total liabilities	$	673,969		$	663,849
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, par value $1.25 per share; authorized 1,000,000 shares; none issued and outstanding	$	—		$	—
Common stock, par value $1.25 per share; authorized 8,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding, 2017, 4,945,056 shares; 2016, 4,929,403 shares	6,181			6,162
Surplus	7,238			7,093
Retained earnings	44,368			39,756
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(253		)	(860		)
Total shareholders’ equity	$	57,534		$	52,151
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	731,503		$	716,000

*Derived from audited consolidated financial statements.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017		September 30, 2016		September 30, 2017		September 30, 2016
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest and fees on loans	$	6,138	$	5,500	$	17,717	$	16,106
Interest on deposits in banks	92		73		239		183
Interest and dividends on securities:
Taxable interest	637		613		1,933		2,037
Tax-exempt interest	148		136		436		425
Dividends	21		20		62		60
Total interest and dividend income	$	7,036	$	6,342	$	20,387	$	18,811
Interest Expense
Interest on deposits	$	446	$	338	$	1,234	$	1,000
Interest on federal funds purchased	—		—		—		3
Interest on subordinated debt	91		91		269		270
Interest on junior subordinated debt	79		65		223		190
Interest on other borrowings	—		1		—		6
Total interest expense	$	616	$	495	$	1,726	$	1,469
Net interest income	$	6,420	$	5,847	$	18,661	$	17,342
Provision for loan losses	—		—		—		—
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	$	6,420	$	5,847	$	18,661	$	17,342
Noninterest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	760	$	941	$	2,250	$	2,635
ATM and check card fees	516		529		1,544		1,532
Wealth management fees	359		339		1,061		1,009
Fees for other customer services	131		143		408		427
Income from bank owned life insurance	117		123		304		316
Net gains on calls and sales of securities available for sale	11		4		24		10
Net gains on sale of loans	54		50		121		102
Other operating income	69		182		224		335
Total noninterest income	$	2,017	$	2,311	$	5,936	$	6,366
Noninterest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits	$	3,221	$	3,183	$	9,585	$	10,042
Occupancy	379		380		1,094		1,169
Equipment	400		406		1,208		1,232
Marketing	138		125		410		352
Supplies	81		108		277		312
Legal and professional fees	216		179		658		646
ATM and check card fees	205		229		596		655
FDIC assessment	84		106		240		354
Bank franchise tax	111		89		325		282
Telecommunications expense	95		110		313		339
Data processing expense	153		160		455		434
Postage expense	62		56		197		182
Amortization expense	151		187		480		592
Other real estate owned expense (income), net	—		1		6		(120		)
Net losses on disposal of premises and equipment	—		8		—		8
Other operating expense	511		526		1,419		1,374
Total noninterest expense	$	5,807	$	5,853	$	17,263	$	17,853

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(Continued)

(in thousands, except per share data)



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017		September 30, 2016		September 30, 2017		September 30, 2016
Income before income taxes	$	2,630	$	2,305	$	7,334	$	5,855
Income tax expense	798		611		2,203		1,629
Net income	$	1,832	$	1,694	$	5,131	$	4,226
Earnings per common share
Basic	$	0.37	$	0.34	$	1.04	$	0.86
Diluted	$	0.37	$	0.34	$	1.04	$	0.86

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
Net income	$	1,832		$	1,694		$	5,131		$	4,226
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax,
Unrealized holding (losses) gains on available for sale securities, net of tax ($76) and $78 for the three months and $321 and $593 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively	(150		)	155			623			1,151
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of tax ($4) and ($1) for the three months and ($8) and ($3) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively	(7		)	(3		)	(16		)	(7		)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(157		)	152			607			1,144
Total comprehensive income	$	1,675		$	1,846		$	5,738		$	5,370

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

(in thousands)



	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	5,131		$	4,226
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment	1,037			1,010
Amortization of core deposit intangibles	480			592
Amortization of debt issuance costs	13			13
Origination of loans held for sale	(7,298		)	(7,331		)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale	7,096			6,703
Net gains on sales of loans held for sale	(121		)	(102		)
Net gains on calls and sales of securities available for sale	(24		)	(10		)
Provision for other real estate owned	—			27
Net gains on sale of other real estate owned	—			(193		)
Income from bank owned life insurance	(304		)	(316		)
Accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on securities, net	481			656
Accretion of premium on time deposits	(81		)	(133		)
Stock-based compensation	129			72
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation	(14		)	—
Losses on disposal of premises and equipment	—			8
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(158		)	347
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in interest receivable	(140		)	30
Increase in other assets	(136		)	(655		)
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(571		)	1,195
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	5,520		$	6,139
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from maturities, calls, principal payments, and sales of securities available for sale	$	11,182		$	18,554
Proceeds from maturities, calls, principal payments, and sales of securities held to maturity	3,863			11,025
Purchases of securities available for sale	(8,860		)	—
Net purchase of restricted securities	(22		)	(157		)
Purchase of premises and equipment	(762		)	(754		)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	—			23
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	—			2,882
Purchase of bank owned life insurance	—			(2,000		)
Proceeds from cash value of bank owned life insurance	—			250
Net increase in loans	(28,660		)	(31,786		)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(23,259	)	$	(1,963	)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

(in thousands)



	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase in demand deposits and savings accounts	$	13,087		$	23,073
Net decrease in time deposits	(2,314		)	(9,314		)
Cash dividends paid on common stock, net of reinvestment	(484		)	(412		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	10,289		$	13,347
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(7,450	)	$	17,523
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Beginning	$	41,092		$	39,334
Ending	$	33,642		$	56,857
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash payments for:
Interest	$	1,807		$	1,628
Income Taxes	$	2,577		$	1,276
Supplemental Disclosures of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale	$	920		$	1,734
Transfer from loans to other real estate owned	$	—		$	37
Transfer from premises and equipment to other real estate owned	$	—		$	250
Issuance of common stock, dividend reinvestment plan	$	35		$	31

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

(in thousands, except share and per share data)



	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Surplus			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance, December 31, 2015	$	—	$	6,145	$	6,956		$	34,440		$	(1,588	)	$	45,953
Net income	—		—		—			4,226			—			4,226
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—			—			1,144			1,144
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.09 per share)	—		—		—			(443		)	—			(443		)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		72			—			—			72
Issuance of 3,192 shares common stock, dividend reinvestment plan	—		4		27			—			—			31
Issuance of 7,224 shares common stock, stock incentive plan	—		9		(9		)	—			—			—
Balance, September 30, 2016	$	—	$	6,158	$	7,046		$	38,223		$	(444	)	$	50,983

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Surplus			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	—	$	6,162	$	7,093		$	39,756		$	(860	)	$	52,151
Net income	—		—		—			5,131			—			5,131
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—			—			607			607
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.105 per share)	—		—		—			(519		)	—			(519		)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		129			—			—			129
Issuance of 2,389 shares common stock, dividend reinvestment plan	—		3		32			—			—			35
Issuance of 13,264 shares common stock, stock incentive plan	—		16		(16		)	—			—			—
Balance, September 30, 2017	$	—	$	6,181	$	7,238		$	44,368		$	(253	)	$	57,534

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. General

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of First National Corporation (the Company) and its subsidiary, First Bank (the Bank), have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments and reclassifications of a normal and recurring nature considered necessary to present fairly the financial positions at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the statements of income and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and the cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in ASU 2016-01, among other things: 1) Requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. 2) Requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. 3) Requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (i.e., securities or loans and receivables). 4) Eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) A lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in this ASU are effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

During August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”, to address diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. If retrospective application is impractical for some of the issues addressed by the update, the amendments for those issues would be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-15 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business”. The amendments in this ASU clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the current implementation guidance in Topic 805, there are three elements of a business—inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a “set”) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs. The amendments in this ASU provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The ASU provides a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. No disclosures are required at transition. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendments in this ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers should adopt the amendments in this ASU for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Compensation — Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” The amendments in this ASU require an employer that offers defined benefit pension plans, other postretirement benefit plans, or other types of benefits accounted for under Topic 715 to report the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same line item(s) as other compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component. If the other components of net periodic benefit cost are not presented on a separate line or lines, the line item(s) used in the income statement must be disclosed. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization as part of an asset, when applicable. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” The amendments in this ASU shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium. Upon adoption of the standard, premiums on these qualifying callable debt securities will be amortized to the earliest call date. Discounts on purchased debt securities will continue to be accreted to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Upon transition, entities should apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

beginning of the period of adoption and provide the disclosures required for a change in accounting principle. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-08 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting.” The amendments provide guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. The amendments are effective for all entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” The amendments in this ASU modify the designation and measurement guidance for hedge accounting as well as provide for increased transparency regarding the presentation of economic results on both the financial statements and related footnotes. Certain aspects of hedge effectiveness assessments will also be simplified upon implementation of this update. The amendments are effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2017-12 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 2. Securities

The Company invests in U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities, obligations of state and political subdivisions, corporate equity securities, and corporate debt securities. Amortized costs and fair values of securities at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)			Fair Value
Securities available for sale:
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	78,039	$	235	$	(767	)	$	77,507
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	15,445		203		(68		)	15,580
Corporate equity securities	1		14		—			15
Total securities available for sale	$	93,485	$	452	$	(835	)	$	93,102
Securities held to maturity:
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	33,300	$	48	$	(234	)	$	33,114
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	14,576		239		(1		)	14,814
Corporate debt securities	1,500		—		(12		)	1,488
Total securities held to maturity	$	49,376	$	287	$	(247	)	$	49,416
Total securities	$	142,861	$	739	$	(1,082	)	$	142,518



	December 31, 2016
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)			Fair Value
Securities available for sale:
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	81,451	$	177	$	(1,457	)	$	80,171
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	14,654		146		(180		)	14,620
Corporate equity securities	1		10		—			11
Total securities available for sale	$	96,106	$	333	$	(1,637	)	$	94,802
Securities held to maturity:
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	37,269	$	1	$	(483	)	$	36,787
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	14,629		18		(211		)	14,436
Corporate debt securities	1,500		—		(14		)	1,486
Total securities held to maturity	$	53,398	$	19	$	(708	)	$	52,709
Total securities	$	149,504	$	352	$	(2,345	)	$	147,511

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, investments in an unrealized loss position that were temporarily impaired were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)			Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)			Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)
Securities available for sale:
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	44,941	$	(613	)	$	4,689	$	(154	)	$	49,630	$	(767	)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,796		(68		)	—		—			3,796		(68		)
Total securities available for sale	$	48,737	$	(681	)	$	4,689	$	(154	)	$	53,426	$	(835	)
Securities held to maturity:
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	22,814	$	(234	)	$	—	$	—		$	22,814	$	(234	)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	351		(1		)	—		—			351		(1		)
Corporate debt securities	1,488		(12		)	—		—			1,488		(12		)
Total securities held to maturity	$	24,653	$	(247	)	$	—	$	—		$	24,653	$	(247	)
Total securities	$	73,390	$	(928	)	$	4,689	$	(154	)	$	78,079	$	(1,082	)

	December 31, 2016
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)			Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)			Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)
Securities available for sale:
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	60,943	$	(1,249	)	$	5,499	$	(208	)	$	66,442	$	(1,457	)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	5,130		(180		)	—		—			5,130		(180		)
Total securities available for sale	$	66,073	$	(1,429	)	$	5,499	$	(208	)	$	71,572	$	(1,637	)
Securities held to maturity:
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	34,770	$	(483	)	$	—	$	—		$	34,770	$	(483	)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	12,724		(211		)	—		—			12,724		(211		)
Corporate debt securities	1,486		(14		)	—		—			1,486		(14		)
Total securities held to maturity	$	48,980	$	(708	)	$	—	$	—		$	48,980	$	(708	)
Total securities	$	115,053	$	(2,137	)	$	5,499	$	(208	)	$	120,552	$	(2,345	)

The tables above provide information about securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve consecutive months and securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for twelve consecutive months or more. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary if the Company (1) intends to sell the security, (2) more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovering its cost, or (3) does not expect to recover the security’s entire amortized cost basis. Presently, the Company does not intend to sell any of these securities, does not expect to be required to sell these securities, and expects to recover the entire amortized cost of all the securities.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

At September 30, 2017, there were fifty out of eighty-six U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities, eleven out of eighty-two obligations of states and political subdivisions, and one corporate debt security in an unrealized loss position. One hundred percent of the Company’s investment portfolio is considered investment grade. The weighted-average re-pricing term of the portfolio was 4.3 years at September 30, 2017. At December 31, 2016, there were sixty-four out of eighty-three U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities, fifty out of seventy-eight obligations of states and political subdivisions, and one corporate debt security in an unrealized loss position. One hundred percent of the Company’s investment portfolio was considered investment grade at December 31, 2016. The weighted-average re-pricing term of the portfolio was 4.7 years at December 31, 2016. The unrealized losses at September 30, 2017 in the U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities portfolio, the obligations of states and political subdivisions portfolio, and the corporate debt securities portfolio were related to changes in market interest rates and not credit concerns of the issuers.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company sold one security from the held to maturity portfolio. The Company recognized no gain or loss related to the sale as the carrying value of the security sold equaled the proceeds from the sale of $657 thousand. The sale of this security was in response to credit deterioration of the issuer. There were no sales of securities from the held to maturity portfolio for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and the three months ended September 30, 2016.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities at September 30, 2017 by contractual maturity are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities of mortgage-backed securities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Corporate equity securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary because they do not have a stated maturity date.



	Available for Sale				Held to Maturity
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due within one year	$	1,952	$	1,968	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	13,828		13,909		6,190		6,228
Due after five years through ten years	12,689		12,652		14,198		14,342
Due after ten years	65,015		64,558		28,988		28,846
Corporate equity securities	1		15		—		—
	$	93,485	$	93,102	$	49,376	$	49,416

Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and Community Bankers’ Bank stock are generally viewed as long-term investments and as restricted securities, which are carried at cost, because there is a minimal market for the stock. Therefore, when evaluating restricted securities for impairment, their value is based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2017, and no impairment has been recognized.

The composition of restricted securities at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	$	645	$	623
Federal Reserve Bank stock	875		875
Community Bankers’ Bank stock	50		50
	$	1,570	$	1,548

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3. Loans

Loans at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	37,182		$	34,699
Secured by 1-4 family residential	203,896			198,763
Other real estate loans	222,154			211,210
Commercial and industrial loans	34,447			29,981
Consumer and other loans	17,028			11,414
Total loans	$	514,707		$	486,067
Allowance for loan losses	(5,301		)	(5,321		)
Loans, net	$	509,406		$	480,746

Net deferred loan fees included in the above loan categories were $236 thousand and $142 thousand at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Consumer and other loans included $196 thousand and $264 thousand of demand deposit overdrafts at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Risk characteristics of each loan portfolio class that are considered by the Company include:


•	1-4 family residential mortgage loans carry risks associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.

•

Real estate construction and land development loans carry risks that the project may not be finished according to schedule, the project may not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may, at any point in time, be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be a loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure or other factors unrelated to the project.


•	Other real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or a real estate project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of real estate, because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project.


•	Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much reliability.

•

Consumer and other loans carry risk associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and the value of the collateral, if any. These loans are typically either unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles. They are also likely to be immediately and adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness, personal bankruptcy, or other changes in circumstances. Consumer and other loans also include purchased consumer loans which could have been originated outside of the Company's market area.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables provide a summary of loan classes and an aging of past due loans as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		> 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Non-accrual Loans		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	345	$	195	$	—	$	540	$	36,642	$	37,182	$	1,081	$	—
Secured by 1-4 family residential	468		131		430		1,029		202,867		203,896		610		51
Other real estate loans	562		587		—		1,149		221,005		222,154		430		—
Commercial and industrial	—		29		35		64		34,383		34,447		—		35
Consumer and other loans	74		—		3		77		16,951		17,028		—		3
Total	$	1,449	$	942	$	468	$	2,859	$	511,848	$	514,707	$	2,121	$	89



	December 31, 2016
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		> 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Non-accrual Loans		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	—	$	40	$	—	$	40	$	34,659	$	34,699	$	1,033	$	—
Secured by 1-4 family residential	980		170		410		1,560		197,203		198,763		413		84
Other real estate loans	321		701		—		1,022		210,188		211,210		74		—
Commercial and industrial	36		309		32		377		29,604		29,981		—		32
Consumer and other loans	19		7		—		26		11,388		11,414		—		—
Total	$	1,356	$	1,227	$	442	$	3,025	$	483,042	$	486,067	$	1,520	$	116

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grading of specified classes of loans. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a rating to each of its loans. The loan ratings are summarized into the following categories: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. Pass rated loans include all risk rated credits other than those included in special mention, substandard or doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off. Loan officers assign risk grades to loans at origination and as renewals arise. The Bank’s Credit Administration department reviews risk grades for accuracy on a quarterly basis and as credit issues arise. In addition, a certain amount of loans are reviewed each year through the Company’s internal and external loan review process. A description of the general characteristics of the loan grading categories is as follows:

Pass – Loans classified as pass exhibit acceptable operating trends, balance sheet trends, and liquidity. Sufficient cash flow exists to service the loan. All obligations have been paid by the borrower as agreed.

Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the Bank’s credit position at some future date.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The Company considers all doubtful loans to be impaired and places the loan on non-accrual status.

Loss – Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.

The following tables provide an analysis of the credit risk profile of each loan class as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	31,743	$	2,420	$	3,019	$	—	$	37,182
Secured by 1-4 family residential	199,297		2,171		2,428		—		203,896
Other real estate loans	211,342		5,028		5,784		—		222,154
Commercial and industrial	34,281		58		108		—		34,447
Consumer and other loans	17,028		—		—		—		17,028
Total	$	493,691	$	9,677	$	11,339	$	—	$	514,707

	December 31, 2016
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	29,416	$	2,402	$	2,881	$	—	$	34,699
Secured by 1-4 family residential	193,395		3,295		2,073		—		198,763
Other real estate loans	200,009		6,990		4,211		—		211,210
Commercial and industrial	29,456		386		139		—		29,981
Consumer and other loans	11,414		—		—		—		11,414
Total	$	463,690	$	13,073	$	9,304	$	—	$	486,067

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 4. Allowance for Loan Losses

The following tables present, as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, the total allowance for loan losses, the allowance by impairment methodology and loans by impairment methodology (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017
	Construction and Land Development			Secured by 1-4 Family Residential			Other Real Estate			Commercial and Industrial			Consumer and Other Loans			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance, December 31, 2016	$	441		$	1,019		$	3,142		$	380		$	339		$	5,321
Charge-offs	—			(125		)	—			—			(385		)	(510		)
Recoveries	11			290			50			8			131			490
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses	(17		)	(422		)	(232		)	(1		)	672			—
Ending Balance, September 30, 2017	$	435		$	762		$	2,960		$	387		$	757		$	5,301
Ending Balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	—			—			—			—			—			—
Collectively evaluated for impairment	435			762			2,960			387			757			5,301
Loans:
Ending Balance	$	37,182		$	203,896		$	222,154		$	34,447		$	17,028		$	514,707
Individually evaluated for impairment	1,959			1,654			1,319			63			—			4,995
Collectively evaluated for impairment	35,223			202,242			220,835			34,384			17,028			509,712



	December 31, 2016
	Construction and Land Development			Secured by 1-4 Family Residential			Other Real Estate			Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other Loans			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance, December 31, 2015	$	1,532		$	939		$	2,534		$	306	$	213		$	5,524
Charge-offs	—			(83		)	(165		)	—		(540		)	(788		)
Recoveries	4			293			2			11		275			585
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses	(1,095		)	(130		)	771			63		391			—
Ending Balance, December 31, 2016	$	441		$	1,019		$	3,142		$	380	$	339		$	5,321
Ending Balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	—			37			—			—		—			37
Collectively evaluated for impairment	441			982			3,142			380		339			5,284
Loans:
Ending Balance	$	34,699		$	198,763		$	211,210		$	29,981	$	11,414		$	486,067
Individually evaluated for impairment	1,973			1,828			984			75		—			4,860
Collectively evaluated for impairment	32,726			196,935			210,226			29,906		11,414			481,207

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)



	September 30, 2016
	Construction and Land Development			Secured by 1-4 Family Residential			Other Real Estate		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other Loans			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance, December 31, 2015	$	1,532		$	939		$	2,534	$	306	$	213		$	5,524
Charge-offs	—			(53		)	—		—		(398		)	(451		)
Recoveries	4			290			1		10		232			537
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses	(1,084		)	(173		)	1,002		13		242			—
Ending Balance, September 30, 2016	$	452		$	1,003		$	3,537	$	329	$	289		$	5,610
Ending Balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	—			33			223		—		—			256
Collectively evaluated for impairment	452			970			3,314		329		289			5,354
Loans:
Ending Balance	$	34,518		$	196,492		$	202,843	$	25,851	$	11,130		$	470,834
Individually evaluated for impairment	2,749			2,094			1,991		79		—			6,913
Collectively evaluated for impairment	31,769			194,398			200,852		25,772		11,130			463,921

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Impaired loans and the related allowance at September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment with No Allowance		Recorded Investment with Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	2,429	$	1,959	$	—	$	1,959	$	—	$	1,904	$	40
Secured by 1-4 family	1,808		1,654		—		1,654		—		1,697		47
Other real estate loans	1,512		1,319		—		1,319		—		1,084		68
Commercial and industrial	82		63		—		63		—		70		4
Total	$	5,831	$	4,995	$	—	$	4,995	$	—	$	4,755	$	159

	December 31, 2016
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment with No Allowance		Recorded Investment with Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	2,388	$	1,973	$	—	$	1,973	$	—	$	2,407	$	66
Secured by 1-4 family	1,851		1,675		153		1,828		37		2,013		87
Other real estate loans	1,213		984		—		984		—		2,529		22
Commercial and industrial	93		75		—		75		—		85		1
Total	$	5,545	$	4,707	$	153	$	4,860	$	37	$	7,034	$	176

	September 30, 2016
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment with No Allowance		Recorded Investment with Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	2,992	$	2,749	$	—	$	2,749	$	—	$	2,599	$	40
Secured by 1-4 family	2,114		2,006		88		2,094		33		2,045		73
Other real estate loans	2,596		1,447		544		1,991		223		2,808		24
Commercial and industrial	97		79		—		79		—		87		—
Total	$	7,799	$	6,281	$	632	$	6,913	$	256	$	7,539	$	137

The “Recorded Investment” amounts in the table above represent the outstanding principal balance on each loan represented in the table. The “Unpaid Principal Balance” represents the outstanding principal balance on each loan represented in the table plus any amounts that have been charged off on each loan and/or payments that have been applied towards principal on non-accrual loans. Only loan classes with balances are included in the tables above.

As of September 30, 2017, loans classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and included in impaired loans in the disclosure above totaled $340 thousand. At September 30, 2017, $287 thousand of the loans classified as TDRs were performing under the restructured terms and were not considered non-performing assets. There were $460 thousand in TDRs at December 31, 2016, $300 thousand of which were performing under the restructured terms. Modified terms under TDRs may include rate reductions, extension of terms that are considered to be below market, conversion to interest only, and other actions

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. There were no loans modified under TDRs during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017. There was one loan secured by 1-4 family residential real estate classified as a TDR during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 because principal was forgiven as part of the loan modification. The recorded investment for this loan prior to modification totaled $138 thousand and the recorded investment after the modification totaled $88 thousand.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, there were no troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the loan modification. Management defines default as over ninety days past due or the foreclosure and repossession of the collateral or charge-off of the loan during the twelve month period subsequent to the modification.

Note 5. Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)

Changes in the balance for OREO are as follows (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended		Year Ended
	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Balance at the beginning of year, gross	$	250	$	2,903
Transfers in	—		287
Charge-offs	—		(251		)
Sales proceeds	—		(2,882		)
Gain on disposition	—		193
Balance at the end of period, gross	$	250	$	250
Less: valuation allowance	—		—
Balance at the end of period, net	$	250	$	250

There were no residential real estate properties included in the ending OREO balances above at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The Bank did not have any consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of September 30, 2017.

Changes in the valuation allowance are as follows (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended					Year Ended
	September 30, 2017		September 30, 2016			December 31, 2016
Balance at beginning of year	$	—	$	224		$	224
Provision for losses	—		27			27
Charge-offs, net	—		(251		)	(251		)
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—		$	—

Net expenses applicable to OREO, other than the provision for losses, were $6 thousand and $46 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and $46 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 6. Other Borrowings

The Bank had unused lines of credit totaling $131.1 million and $125.6 million available with non-affiliated banks at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. These amounts primarily consist of a blanket floating lien agreement with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) in which the Bank can borrow up to 19% of its total assets. The unused line of credit with FHLB totaled $80.2 million at September 30, 2017. The Bank had collateral pledged on the borrowing line at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 including real estate loans totaling $107.5 million and $103.9 million, respectively, and Federal Home Loan Bank stock with a book value of $645 thousand and $623 thousand, respectively. The Bank did not have borrowings from the FHLB at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Note 7. Capital Requirements

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III rules) became effective January 1, 2015, with full compliance of all the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and becoming fully phased in by January 1, 2019. As part of the new requirements, the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is calculated and utilized in the assessment of capital for all institutions. The final rules also established a “capital conservation buffer” above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer is being phased-in over four years, which began on January 1, 2016.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total (as defined in the regulations), Tier 1 (as defined), and common equity Tier 1 capital (as defined) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. Management believes, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, that the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.

As of September 30, 2017, the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

A comparison of the capital of the Bank at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 with the minimum regulatory guidelines were as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Actual				Minimum Capital Requirement				Minimum To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
September 30, 2017
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	71,318	13.91	%	$	41,029	8.00	%	$	51,286	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	66,017	12.87	%	$	30,772	6.00	%	$	41,029	8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	66,017	12.87	%	$	23,079	4.50	%	$	33,336	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)	$	66,017	9.06	%	$	29,154	4.00	%	$	36,442	5.00	%
December 31, 2016
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	65,590	13.47	%	$	38,951	8.00	%	$	48,689	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	60,269	12.38	%	$	29,213	6.00	%	$	38,951	8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	60,269	12.38	%	$	21,910	4.50	%	$	31,648	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)	$	60,269	8.48	%	$	28,432	4.00	%	$	35,540	5.00	%

In addition to the regulatory minimum risk-based capital amounts presented above, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer as required by the Basel III final rules. The buffer began applying to the Bank on January 1, 2016, and is subject to phase-in from 2016 to 2019 in equal annual installments of 0.625%. Accordingly, the Bank was required to maintain a capital conservation buffer of 1.250% and 0.625% at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Under the final rules, an institution is subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the capital conservation buffer of the Bank was 5.91% and 5.47%, respectively.

Note 8. Subordinated Debt

On October 30, 2015, the Company entered into a Subordinated Loan Agreement (the Agreement) pursuant to which the Company issued an interest only subordinated term note due 2025 in the aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million (the Note). The Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.75% per annum. The Note qualifies as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes and at September 30, 2017, the total amount of subordinated debt issued was included in the Company’s Tier 2 capital. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Note were $57 thousand and $70 thousand at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Note has a maturity date of October 1, 2025. Subject to regulatory approval, the Company may prepay the Note, in part or in full, beginning on October 30, 2020. The Note is an unsecured, subordinated obligation of the Company and ranks junior in right of payment to the Company’s senior indebtedness and to the Company’s obligations to its general creditors. The Note ranks equally with all other unsecured subordinated debt, except any which by its terms is expressly stated to be subordinated to the Note. The Note ranks senior to all current and future junior subordinated debt obligations, preferred stock and common stock of the Company.

The Note is not convertible into common stock or preferred stock. The Agreement contains customary events of default such as the bankruptcy of the Company and the non-payment of principal or interest when due. The holder of the Note may accelerate the repayment of the Note only in the event of bankruptcy or similar proceedings and not for any other event of default.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 9. Junior Subordinated Debt

On June 8, 2004, First National (VA) Statutory Trust II (Trust II), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable capital securities, commonly known as trust preferred securities. On June 17, 2004, $5.0 million of trust preferred securities were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest. The interest rate at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was 3.92% and 3.59%, respectively. The securities have a mandatory redemption date of June 17, 2034, and were subject to varying call provisions that began September 17, 2009. The principal asset of Trust II is $5.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt with maturities and interest rates comparable to the trust preferred securities. The Trust’s obligations under the trust preferred securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The Company is current on its interest payments on the junior subordinated debt.

On July 24, 2006, First National (VA) Statutory Trust III (Trust III), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable capital securities. On July 31, 2006, $4.0 million of trust preferred securities were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest. The interest rate at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was 2.90% and 2.45%, respectively. The securities have a mandatory redemption date of October 1, 2036, and were subject to varying call provisions that began October 1, 2011. The principal asset of Trust III is $4.1 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt with maturities and interest rates comparable to the trust preferred securities. The Trust’s obligations under the trust preferred securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The Company is current on its interest payments on the junior subordinated debt.

While these securities are debt obligations of the Company, they are included in capital for regulatory capital ratio calculations. Under present regulations, the junior subordinated debt may be included in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital adequacy purposes as long as their amount does not exceed 25% of Tier 1 capital, including total junior subordinated debt. The portion of the junior subordinated debt not considered as Tier 1 capital, if any, may be included in Tier 2 capital. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the total amount of junior subordinated debt issued by the Trusts was included in the Company’s Tier 1 capital.

Note 10. Benefit Plans

The Bank has a noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan for all full-time employees over 21 years of age with at least one year of credited service and hired prior to May 1, 2011. Effective May 1, 2011, the plan was frozen to new participants. Only individuals employed on or before April 30, 2011 were eligible to become participants in the plan upon satisfaction of the eligibility requirements. Benefits are generally based upon years of service and average compensation for the five highest-paid consecutive years of service. The Bank’s funding practice has been to make at least the minimum required annual contribution permitted by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

On September 14, 2016, the defined benefit pension plan was amended to be terminated. Under the amendment, benefit accruals ceased as of November 30, 2016. The Internal Revenue Service approved the termination on October 16, 2017 and the Company plans to distribute all plan assets on February 1, 2018. The funding status of the plan on February 1, 2018 is not expected to be significantly different from the funded status disclosed in Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The benefit obligation and the fair value of assets are not expected to change significantly prior to the distribution of plan assets. Pension plan assets are expected to remain in cash and equivalents through the distribution date.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Components of the net periodic benefit cost of the plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
Service cost	$	—		$	102		$	—		$	307
Interest cost	21			83			62			249
Expected return on plan assets	(9		)	(74		)	(27		)	(223		)
Recognized net actuarial loss	—			21			—			63
Net periodic benefit cost	$	12		$	132		$	35		$	396

The Company previously disclosed in its consolidated financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, that it expected to make a contribution of $2.1 million upon termination.

In addition to the defined benefit pension plan, the Company maintains a 401(k) plan and an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) for eligible employees. On September 14, 2016, the ESOP was amended to freeze the plan to new participants and to cease all contributions, effective December 31, 2016. The amendment also directs matching contributions and certain other retirement contributions made by the Company to the 401(k) plan. The ESOP shall be maintained as a frozen plan and continue to be invested in Company stock and such other assets as permitted under the ESOP and Trust Agreement for the benefit of participants and their beneficiaries.

See Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for additional information about the Company’s benefit plans.

Note 11. Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017		September 30, 2016		September 30, 2017		September 30, 2016
(Numerator):
Net income	$	1,832	$	1,694	$	5,131	$	4,226
(Denominator):
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic	4,943,301		4,925,753		4,939,905		4,923,598
Potentially dilutive common shares – restricted stock units	2,827		4,169		2,284		2,782
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted	4,946,128		4,929,922		4,942,189		4,926,380
Income per common share
Basic	$	0.37	$	0.34	$	1.04	$	0.86
Diluted	$	0.37	$	0.34	$	1.04	$	0.86

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 12. Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures” topic of FASB ASC, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

Fair Value Hierarchy

In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its assets and liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 -

Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 assets and liabilities generally include debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 -

Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 -

Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires a significant management judgment or estimation.

An instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:

Securities available for sale

Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2).

The following tables present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands).



			Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2017
Description	Balance as of September 30, 2017		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	77,507	$	—	$	77,507	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	15,580		—		15,580		—
Corporate equity securities	15		15		—		—
	$	93,102	$	15	$	93,087	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Securities available for sale
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	80,171	$	—	$	80,171	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	14,620		—		14,620		—
Corporate equity securities	11		11		—		—
	$	94,802	$	11	$	94,791	$	—

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:

Loans held for sale

Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value. These loans currently consist of one-to-four family residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Fair value is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data which is not materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level 2). As such, the Company records any fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis. No nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded on loans held for sale during nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016.

Impaired Loans

Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements will not be collected. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the Company’s collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser using observable market data (Level 2) within the last twelve months. However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the property is more than one year old and not solely based on observable market comparables or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, then a Level 3 valuation is considered to measure the fair value. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal, of one year or less, if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’s financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the allowance for loan losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Other real estate owned

Loans are transferred to other real estate owned when the collateral securing them is foreclosed on or acquired through a deed in lieu of foreclosure. The measurement of loss associated with other real estate owned is based on the appraisal documents and assessed the same way as impaired loans described above. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as other real estate owned expense (income) on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the periods (dollars in thousands):



		Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2017
Description	Balance as of September 30, 2017	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Other real estate owned	250	—	—	250



			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans, net	$	116	$	—	$	—	$	116
Other real estate owned	250		—		—		250



	Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for September 30, 2017
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted-Average)
Other real estate owned	$	250	Property appraisals	Selling cost	—	%

	Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2016
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted-Average)
Impaired loans, net	$	116	Property appraisals	Selling cost	10	%
Other real estate owned	$	250	Property appraisals	Selling cost	—	%

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The amount disclosed as fair value of other real estate owned at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 represents the carrying value of the property. Since the appraised value of the property, net of selling costs, exceeded the Company’s carrying value on the date the property was transferred from premises and equipment to other real estate owned, the Company did not adjust the carrying value for selling costs.

Accounting guidance requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below:

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Federal Funds Sold

The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values.

Securities Held to Maturity

Certain debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are recorded at amortized cost. Fair values are determined in a manner that is consistent with securities available for sale.

Restricted Securities

The carrying value of restricted securities approximates fair value based on redemption provisions.

Loans

For variable-rate loans that re-price frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for all other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values for non-performing loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or underlying collateral values, where applicable.

Deposit Liabilities

The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-rate certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Accrued Interest

Accrued interest receivable and payable were estimated to equal the carrying value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

Borrowings and Federal Funds Purchased

The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings maturing within ninety days approximate their fair values. Fair values of all other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank owned life insurance represents insurance policies on officers, directors, and past directors of the Company. The cash values of these policies are estimates using information provided by insurance carriers. These policies are carried at their cash surrender value, which approximates the fair value.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Commitments and Unfunded Credits

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates.

The fair value of stand-by letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, fair value of loan commitments and standby letters of credit was immaterial.

The carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2017 Using
	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Fair Value
Financial Assets
Cash and short-term investments	$	33,642	$	33,642	$	—	$	—	$	33,642
Securities available for sale	93,102		15		93,087		—		93,102
Securities held to maturity	49,376		—		47,928		1,488		49,416
Restricted securities	1,570		—		1,570		—		1,570
Loans held for sale	660		—		660		—		660
Loans, net	509,406		—		—		508,911		508,911
Bank owned life insurance	14,232		—		14,232		—		14,232
Accrued interest receivable	1,886		—		1,886		—		1,886
Financial Liabilities
Deposits	$	656,262	$	—	$	530,230	$	124,801	$	655,031
Subordinated debt	4,943		—		—		4,756		4,756
Junior subordinated debt	9,279		—		—		9,632		9,632
Accrued interest payable	95		—		95		—		95

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using
	Carrying Amount		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3		Fair Value
Financial Assets
Cash and short-term investments	$	41,092	$	41,092	$	—	$	—	$	41,092
Securities available for sale	94,802		11		94,791		—		94,802
Securities held to maturity	53,398		—		51,223		1,486		52,709
Restricted securities	1,548		—		1,548		—		1,548
Loans held for sale	337		—		337		—		337
Loans, net	480,746		—		—		481,475		481,475
Bank owned life insurance	13,928		—		13,928		—		13,928
Accrued interest receivable	1,746		—		1,746		—		1,746
Financial Liabilities
Deposits	$	645,570	$	—	$	517,143	$	127,179	$	644,322
Subordinated debt	4,930		—		—		4,715		4,715
Junior subordinated debt	9,279		—		—		9,075		9,075
Accrued interest payable	95		—		95		—		95

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.

Note 13. Stock Compensation Plans

On May 13, 2014, the Company’s shareholders approved the First National Corporation 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, which makes available up to 240,000 shares of common stock for the granting of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards. Awards are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and compensation cost equal to the fair value of the award is recognized over the vesting period.

Stock Awards

Whenever the Company deems it appropriate to grant a stock award, the recipient receives a specified number of unrestricted shares of employer stock. Stock awards may be made by the Company at its discretion without cash consideration and may be granted as settlement of a performance-based compensation award.

During the first quarter of 2017, the Company granted and issued 2,000 shares of common stock to the Chief Executive Officer for his individual performance and dedicated service to the Company. During the third quarter of 2017, the Company granted and issued 2,728 shares of common stock to members of the Board of Directors for their dedicated service and support. Compensation expense related to stock awards totaled $72 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company did not have compensation expense related to stock awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units are an award of units that correspond in number and value to a specified number of shares of employer stock which the recipient receives according to a vesting plan and distribution schedule after achieving required performance milestones or upon remaining with the employer for a particular length of time. Each restricted stock unit that vests entitles the recipient to receive one share of common stock on a specified issuance date.

In the first quarter of 2017, 3,939 restricted stock units were granted to employees, with 1,317 units vesting immediately and 2,622 units subject to a two year vesting schedule with one half of the units vesting each year on the grant date anniversary. The recipient does not have any stockholder rights, including voting, dividend or liquidation rights, with respect to the shares underlying awarded restricted stock units until vesting has occurred and the recipient becomes the record holder of those shares. The unvested restricted stock units will vest on the established schedule if the employees remain employed by the Company on future vesting dates.

A summary of the activity for the Company’s restricted stock units for the period indicated is presented in the following table:



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017
	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, beginning of year	10,259		$	8.88
Granted	3,939		15.20
Vested	(8,536	)	9.89
Forfeited	—		—
Unvested, end of period	5,662		$	11.76

At September 30, 2017, based on restricted stock unit awards outstanding at that time, the total unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock unit awards was $37 thousand. This expense is expected to be recognized through 2019. Compensation expense related to restricted stock unit awards recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 totaled $57 thousand and $72 thousand, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the Company does not expect the forfeiture of any unvested restricted stock units.

Note 14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):



	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities			Adjustments Related to Pension Benefits			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	(192	)	$	(1,396	)	$	(1,588	)
Unrealized holding gains (net of tax, $593)	1,151			—			1,151
Reclassification adjustment (net of tax, ($3))	(7		)	—			(7		)
Change during period	1,144			—			1,144
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	952		$	(1,396	)	$	(444	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(860	)	$	—		$	(860	)
Unrealized holding gains (net of tax, $321)	623			—			623
Reclassification adjustment (net of tax, ($8))	(16		)	—			(16		)
Change during period	607			—			607
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(253	)	$	—		$	(253	)

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present information related to reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands).



Details About Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss						Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
Securities available for sale:
Net securities gains reclassified into earnings	$	(11	)	$	(4	)	Net gains on calls and sales of securities available for sale
Related income tax expense	4			1			Income tax expense
Total reclassifications	$	(7	)	$	(3	)	Net of tax



Details About Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss						Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
Securities available for sale:
Net securities gains reclassified into earnings	$	(24	)	$	(10	)	Net gains on calls and sales of securities available for sale
Related income tax expense	8			3			Income tax expense
Total reclassifications	$	(16	)	$	(7	)	Net of tax

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The Company makes forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding profitability, liquidity, adequacy of capital, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy, and financial and other goals. The words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” or other similar words or terms are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant uncertainties because they are based upon or are affected by factors including:


•	conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions may adversely affect the Company’s business;


•	the inability of the Company to successfully manage its growth or implement its growth strategy;


•	difficulties in combining the operations of acquired bank branches or entities with the Company’s own operations;


•	the Company’s inability to successfully obtain the expected benefits of new or acquired bank branches or entities;


•	intense competition from other businesses both in making loans and attracting deposits;


•	the composition of the deposit portfolio, including the types of deposit accounts and customers, may change, which could impact revenue from service charges on deposits;


•	consumers may increasingly decide not to use the Company to complete their financial transactions;


•	limited availability of financing or inability to raise capital;


•	exposure to operational, technological, and organizational risk;


•	reliance on other companies to provide key components of their business infrastructure;


•	the Company’s credit standards and its on-going credit assessment processes might not protect it from significant credit losses;


•	operational functions of business counterparties over which the Company may have limited or no control may experience disruptions;


•	nonperforming assets take significant time to resolve and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition;


•	allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in the loan portfolio;


•	the concentration in loans secured by real estate may adversely affect earnings due to changes in the real estate markets;


•	legislative or regulatory changes or actions, or significant litigation;


•	the limited trading market for the Company’s common stock; it may be difficult to sell shares;


•	unexpected loss of management personnel;


•	losses that could arise from breaches in cyber-security and theft of customer account information;


•	increases in FDIC insurance premiums could adversely affect the Company’s profitability;


•	the ability to retain customers and secondary funding sources if the Company’s reputation would become damaged;


•	changes in interest rates could have a negative impact on the Company’s net interest income and an unfavorable impact on the Company’s customers’ ability to repay loans; and


•	other factors identified in Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2016.

Because of these uncertainties, actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, past results of operations do not necessarily indicate future results. The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition at September 30, 2017 and statements of income of the Company for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I, Item 1, of this Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 8, of the Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2016. The statements of income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 may not be indicative of the results to be achieved for the year.

Executive Overview

The Company

First National Corporation (the Company) is the bank holding company of:


•	First Bank (the Bank). The Bank owns:


•	First Bank Financial Services, Inc.


•	Shen-Valley Land Holdings, LLC


•	First National (VA) Statutory Trust II (Trust II)


•	First National (VA) Statutory Trust III (Trust III)

First Bank Financial Services, Inc. invests in entities that provide title insurance and investment services. Shen-Valley Land Holdings, LLC was formed to hold other real estate owned and future office sites. The Trusts were formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable capital securities, commonly known as trust preferred securities and are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance because management has determined that the Trusts qualify as variable interest entities.

Products, Services, Customers and Locations

The Bank offers loan, deposit, and wealth management products and services. Loan products and services include consumer loans, residential mortgages, home equity loans, and commercial loans. Deposit products and services include checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, and individual retirement accounts. Wealth management services include estate planning, investment management of assets, trustee under an agreement, trustee under a will, individual retirement accounts, and estate settlement. Customers include small and medium-sized businesses, individuals, estates, local governmental entities, and non-profit organizations. The Bank’s office locations are well-positioned in attractive markets along the Interstate 81, Interstate 66, and Interstate 64 corridors in the Shenandoah Valley and central regions of Virginia. Within this market area, there are various types of industry including medical and professional services, manufacturing, retail, warehousing, Federal government, hospitality, and higher education.

The Bank’s products and services are delivered through 15 bank branch offices located throughout the Shenandoah Valley and central regions of Virginia, two loan production offices, and a customer service center in a retirement village. The branch offices are comprised of 14 full service retail banking offices and one drive-thru express banking office. The location and general character of these properties is further described in Part I, Item 2 of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Bank recently entered a new market in the central region of Virginia by opening a branch office in the city of Richmond during the fourth quarter of 2017. Many of the Bank’s services are also delivered through the Bank’s mobile banking platform, its website, www.fbvirginia.com, and a network of ATMs located throughout its market area.

Revenue Sources and Expense Factors

The primary source of revenue is from net interest income earned by the Bank. Net interest income is the difference between interest income and interest expense and typically represents between 70% and 80% of the Company’s total revenue. Interest income is determined by the amount of interest-earning assets outstanding during the period and the interest rates earned on those assets. The Bank’s interest expense is a function of the amount of interest-bearing liabilities outstanding during the period and the interest rates paid. In addition to net interest income, noninterest income is the other source of revenue for the Company. Noninterest income is derived primarily from service charges on deposits, fee income from wealth management services and ATM and check card fees.

Primary expense categories are salaries and employee benefits, which comprised 56% of noninterest expenses for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017, followed by occupancy and equipment expense, which comprised 13% of noninterest expenses. Historically, the provision for loan losses has also been a primary expense of the Bank. The provision is determined by factors that include net charge-offs, asset quality, economic conditions and loan growth. Changing economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, unemployment or other factors beyond the Company’s control have a direct correlation with asset quality, net charge-offs and ultimately the required provision for loan losses.

Quarterly Performance

Net income increased by $138 thousand to $1.8 million, or $0.37 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $1.7 million, or $0.34 per basic and diluted share, for the same period in 2016. Return on average assets was 1.00% and return on average equity was 12.78% for the third quarter of 2017, compared to 0.95% and 13.44%, respectively, for the same period in 2016.

The $138 thousand increase in net income for the three month period ended September 30, 2017 resulted primarily from a $573 thousand, or 10%, increase in net interest income and a $46 thousand, or 1%, decrease in noninterest expenses, compared to the same period of 2016. These increases were partially offset by a $294 thousand, or 13%, decrease in noninterest income and a $187 thousand increase in income tax expense.

Net interest income increased from a higher net interest margin and from higher average earning asset balances. Average earning asset balances increased 3%, and the net interest margin increased 22 basis points to 3.79% for the third quarter of 2017, compared to 3.57% for the same period in 2016. Noninterest income decreased primarily from lower service charges on deposit accounts and lower other operating income. Noninterest expense decreased primarily from lower supplies expense, lower ATM and check card fees, lower FDIC assessment, and lower amortization expense of core deposit intangibles. Based on management's allowance for loan loss analysis, a provision for loan losses was not required during the third quarter of 2017 or 2016. For a more detailed discussion of the provision for loan losses, see “Provision for Loan Losses” below.

Year-to-Date Performance

Net income increased by $905 thousand to $5.1 million, or $1.04 per basic and diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $4.2 million, or $0.86 per basic and diluted share, for the same period in 2016. Return on average assets was 0.95% and return on average equity was 12.47% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 0.80% and 11.62%, respectively, for the same period in 2016.

The $905 thousand increase in net income for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 resulted primarily from a $1.3 million, or 8%, increase in net interest income and a $590 thousand, or 3%, decrease in noninterest expenses, compared to the same period of 2016. These favorable variances were partially offset by a $430 thousand, or 7%, decrease in noninterest income and a $574 thousand increase in income tax expense.

Net interest income increased from a higher net interest margin and from higher average earning asset balances. Average earning asset balances increased 4%, and the net interest margin increased 13 basis points to 3.74% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 3.61% for the same period in 2016. Noninterest income decreased primarily from lower service charges on deposit accounts and lower other operating income. Noninterest expense decreased primarily from lower salaries and employee benefits expense, lower FDIC assessment, and lower amortization expense of core deposit intangibles. Based on management's allowance for loan loss analysis, a provision for loan losses was not required during the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 or 2016. For a more detailed discussion of the provision for loan losses, see “Provision for Loan Losses” below.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This report refers to the efficiency ratio, which is computed by dividing noninterest expense, excluding OREO (expense)/income, amortization of intangibles, and losses on disposal of premises and equipment, by the sum of net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis and noninterest income, excluding securities gains. This is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company believes provides investors with important information regarding operational efficiency. Such information is not prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and should not be construed as such. Management believes, however, such financial information is meaningful to the reader in understanding operating performance, but cautions that such information not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP. The Company, in referring to its net income, is referring to income under GAAP. The components of the efficiency ratio calculation are summarized in the following table (dollars in thousands).



	Efficiency Ratio
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
Noninterest expense	$	5,807		$	5,853		$	17,263		$	17,853
Add/(Subtract): other real estate owned (expense)/income, net	—			(1		)	(6		)	120
Subtract: amortization of intangibles	(151		)	(187		)	(480		)	(592		)
Subtract: losses on disposal of premises and equipment, net	—			(8		)	—			(8		)
	$	5,656		$	5,657		$	16,777		$	17,373
Tax-equivalent net interest income	$	6,514		$	5,943		$	18,940		$	17,637
Noninterest income	2,017			2,311			5,936			6,366
Subtract: securities gains, net	(11		)	(4		)	(24		)	(10		)
	$	8,520		$	8,250		$	24,852		$	23,993
Efficiency ratio	66.38		%	68.57		%	67.51		%	72.41		%

This report also refers to net interest margin, which is calculated by dividing tax equivalent net interest income by total average earning assets. Because a portion of interest income earned by the Company is nontaxable, the tax equivalent net interest income is considered in the calculation of this ratio. Tax equivalent net interest income is calculated by adding the tax benefit realized from interest income that is nontaxable to total interest income then subtracting total interest expense. The tax rate utilized in calculating the tax benefit for both 2017 and 2016 is 34%. The reconciliation of tax equivalent net interest income, which is not a measurement under GAAP, to net interest income, is reflected in the table below (in thousands).



	Reconciliation of Net Interest Income to Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2016
GAAP measures:
Interest income – loans	$	6,138		$	5,500		$	17,717		$	16,106
Interest income – investments and other	898			842			2,670			2,705
Interest expense – deposits	(446		)	(338		)	(1,234		)	(1,000		)
Interest expense – federal funds purchased	—			—			—			(3		)
Interest expense – subordinated debt	(91		)	(91		)	(269		)	(270		)
Interest expense – junior subordinated debt	(79		)	(65		)	(223		)	(190		)
Interest expense – other borrowings	—			(1		)	—			(6		)
Total net interest income	$	6,420		$	5,847		$	18,661		$	17,342
Non-GAAP measures:
Tax benefit realized on non-taxable interest income – loans	$	18		$	26		$	55		$	76
Tax benefit realized on non-taxable interest income – municipal securities	76			70			224			219
Total tax benefit realized on non-taxable interest income	$	94		$	96		$	279		$	295
Total tax-equivalent net interest income	$	6,514		$	5,943		$	18,940		$	17,637

Critical Accounting Policies

General

The Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The financial information contained within the statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. A variety of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained either when earning income, recognizing an expense, recovering an asset or relieving a liability. The Bank uses historical losses as one factor in determining the inherent loss that may be present in the loan portfolio. Actual losses could differ significantly from the historical factors used. In addition, GAAP itself may change from one previously acceptable method to another. Although the economics of transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact transactions could change.

Presented below is a discussion of those accounting policies that management believes are the most important (“Critical Accounting Policies”) to the portrayal and understanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Critical Accounting Policies require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. In the event that different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, and depending upon the severity of such changes, the possibility of materially different financial condition or results of operations is a reasonable likelihood.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management determines that the loan balance is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. For further information about the Company’s loans and the allowance for loan losses, see Notes 3 and 4 in this Form 10-Q.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a quarterly basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The Company performs regular credit reviews of the loan portfolio to review credit quality and adherence to underwriting standards. The credit reviews consist of reviews by its internal credit administration department and reviews performed by an independent third party. Upon origination, each loan is assigned a risk rating ranging from one to nine, with loans closer to one having less risk. This risk rating scale is our primary credit quality indicator. The Company has various committees that review and ensure that the allowance for loans losses methodology is in accordance with GAAP and loss factors used appropriately reflect the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio.

The allowance represents an amount that, in management’s judgment, will be adequate to absorb any losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of the collectability of loans while taking into consideration such factors as trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay and the value of the collateral, overall portfolio quality and review of specific potential losses. The evaluation also considers the following risk characteristics of each loan portfolio class:


•	1-4 family residential mortgage loans carry risks associated with the continued creditworthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral.

•


•	Other real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or a real estate project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of real estate, because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business or project.


•	Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business because repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much reliability.

•

The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired, and is established when the discounted cash flows, fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. For collateral dependent loans, an updated appraisal is ordered if a current one is not on file. Appraisals are performed by independent third-party appraisers with relevant industry experience. Adjustments to the appraised value may be made based on recent sales of like properties or general market conditions among other considerations.

The general component covers loans that are not considered impaired and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The historical loss experience is calculated by loan type and uses an average loss rate during the preceding twelve quarters. The qualitative factors are assigned by management based on delinquencies and asset quality, national and local economic trends, effects of the changes in the value of underlying collateral, trends in volume and nature of loans, effects of changes in the lending policy, the experience and depth of management, concentrations of credit, quality of the loan review system and the effect of external factors such as competition and regulatory requirements. The factors assigned differ by loan type. The general allowance estimates losses whose impact on the portfolio has yet to be recognized by a specific allowance. Allowance factors and the overall size of the allowance may change from period to period based on management’s assessment of the above described factors and the relative weights given to each factor. For further information regarding the allowance for loan losses see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)

Other real estate owned (OREO) consists of properties obtained through a foreclosure proceeding or through an in-substance foreclosure in satisfaction of loans and properties originally acquired for branch operations or expansion but no longer intended to be used for that purpose. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell to establish a new cost basis. OREO is subsequently reported at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell, determined on the basis of current appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates of fair value obtained principally from independent sources, adjusted for estimated selling costs. Management also considers other factors or recent developments, such as changes in absorption rates or market

conditions from the time of valuation and anticipated sales values considering management’s plans for disposition, which could result in adjustments to the collateral value estimates indicated in the appraisals. Significant judgments and complex estimates are required in estimating the fair value of other real estate owned, and the period of time within which such estimates can be considered current is significantly shortened during periods of market volatility. In response to market conditions and other economic factors, management may utilize liquidation sales as part of its distressed asset disposition strategy. As a result of the significant judgments required in estimating fair value and the variables involved in different methods of disposition, the net proceeds realized from sales transactions could differ significantly from appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates used to determine the fair value of other real estate owned. Management reviews the value of other real estate owned each quarter and adjusts the values as appropriate. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other real estate owned expense (income).

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Securities

Impairment of securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost. For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in net income if either the Company (1) intends to sell the security or (2) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more-than-likely that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, the Company must determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is no credit loss, there is no other-than-temporary impairment. If there is a credit loss, other-than-temporary impairment exists, and the credit loss must be recognized in net income and the remaining portion of impairment must be recognized in other comprehensive income. For equity securities carried at cost, such as restricted securities, impairment is

considered to be other-than-temporary based on the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment until a recovery of fair value. Other-than-temporary impairment of an equity security results in a write-down that must be included in income. The Company regularly reviews each security for other-than-temporary impairment based on criteria that include the extent to which cost exceeds market price, the duration of that market decline, the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer, the best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from debt securities, the Company’s intention with regard to holding the security to maturity and the likelihood that the Company would be required to sell the security before recovery.

Core Deposit Intangibles

Acquired intangible assets (such as core deposit intangibles) are recognized separately from goodwill if the benefit of the asset can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, and amortized over its useful life. The Company amortizes intangible assets arising from branch transactions over their useful life. Core deposit intangibles are subject to a recoverability test based on undiscounted cash flows, and to the impairment recognition and measurement provisions required for other long-lived assets held and used.

Lending Policies

General

In an effort to manage risk, the Bank’s loan policy gives loan amount approval limits to individual loan officers based on their position within the Bank and level of experience. The Management Loan Committee can approve new loans up to their authority. The Board Loan Committee approves all loans which exceed the authority of the Management Loan Committee. The full Board of Directors must approve loans which exceed the authority of the Board Loan Committee, up to the Bank’s legal lending limit. The Board Loan Committee currently consists of four directors, three of which are non-management directors. The Board Loan Committee approves the Bank’s Loan Policy and reviews risk management reports, including watch list reports and concentrations of credit. The Board Loan Committee meets on a monthly basis and the Chairman of the Committee then reports to the Board of Directors.

Residential loan originations are primarily generated by mortgage loan officer solicitations and referrals by employees, real estate professionals, and customers. Commercial real estate loan originations are obtained through direct solicitation and additional business from existing customers. All completed loan applications are reviewed by the Bank’s loan officers. As part of the application process, information is obtained concerning the income, financial condition, employment and credit history of the applicant. Loan quality is analyzed based on the Bank’s experience and credit underwriting guidelines depending on the type of loan involved. Real estate collateral is valued by independent appraisers who have been pre-approved by the Board Loan Committee.

As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio, certain appraisals are analyzed by management or by an outsourced appraisal review specialist throughout the year in order to ensure standards of quality are met. The Company also obtains an independent review of loans within the portfolio on an annual basis to analyze loan risk ratings and validate specific reserves on impaired loans.

In the normal course of business, the Bank makes various commitments and incurs certain contingent liabilities which are disclosed but not reflected in its financial statements, including commitments to extend credit. At September 30, 2017, commitments to extend credit, stand-by letters of credit and rate lock commitments totaled $93.4 million.

Construction and Land Development Lending

The Bank makes local construction loans, including residential and land acquisition and development loans. These loans are secured by the property under construction and the underlying land for which the loan was obtained. The majority of these loans have an average life of approximately one year and re-price as key rates change. Construction lending entails significant additional risks, compared with residential mortgage lending. Construction and land development loans sometimes involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Another risk involved in construction and land development lending is the fact that loan funds are advanced upon the security of the land or property under construction, which value is estimated based on the completion of construction. Thus, there is risk associated with failure to complete construction and potential cost overruns. To mitigate the risks associated with this type of lending, the Bank generally limits loan amounts to 80% of the appraised value, in addition to analyzing the cost of the project and the creditworthiness of its borrowers. The Bank typically obtains a first lien on the property as security for its construction loans, typically requires

personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal owners, and typically monitors the progress of the construction project during the draw period.

1-4 Family Residential Real Estate Lending

1-4 family residential lending activity may be generated by Bank loan officer solicitations and referrals by real estate professionals and existing or new bank customers. Loan applications are taken by a Bank loan officer. As part of the application process, information is gathered concerning income, employment and credit history of the applicant. Residential mortgage loans generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make payments from employment and other income and are secured by real estate whose value tends to be readily ascertainable. In addition to the Bank’s underwriting standards, loan quality may be analyzed based on guidelines issued by a secondary market investor. The valuation of residential collateral is generally provided by independent fee appraisers who have been approved by the Board Loan Committee. In addition to originating fixed rate mortgage loans with the intent to sell to correspondent lenders or broker to wholesale lenders, the Bank originates balloon and other mortgage loans for the portfolio. Depending on the financial goals of the Company, the Bank occasionally originates and retains these loans.

Commercial Real Estate Lending

Commercial real estate loans are secured by various types of commercial real estate typically in the Bank’s market area, including multi-family residential buildings, office and retail buildings, hotels, industrial buildings, and religious facilities. Commercial real estate loan originations are obtained through direct solicitation of customers and potential customers. The valuation of commercial real estate collateral is provided by independent appraisers who have been approved by the Board Loan Committee. Commercial real estate lending entails significant additional risk, compared with residential mortgage lending. Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Additionally, the payment experience on loans secured by income producing properties is typically dependent on the successful operation of a business or a real estate project and thus may be subject, to a greater extent, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or in the economy in general. The Bank’s commercial real estate loan underwriting criteria require an examination of debt service coverage ratios, the borrower’s creditworthiness, prior credit history and reputation. The Bank typically requires personal guarantees of the borrowers’ principal owners and considers the valuation of the real estate collateral.

Commercial and Industrial Lending

Commercial and industrial loans generally may have a higher degree of risk than loans secured by real estate, but typically have higher yields. Commercial business loans typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from cash flow from its business. The loans may be unsecured or secured by business assets, such as accounts receivable, equipment and inventory. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans is substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Furthermore, any collateral for commercial business loans may depreciate over time and generally cannot be appraised with as much reliability as real estate.

Consumer Lending

Loans to individual borrowers may be secured or unsecured, and include unsecured consumer loans and lines of credit, automobile loans, deposit account loans and installment and demand loans. These consumer loans may entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans which are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciable assets such as automobiles. In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans.

The underwriting standards employed by the Bank for consumer loans include a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts and an assessment of ability to meet existing obligations and payments on a proposed loan. The stability of the applicant’s monthly income may be determined by verification of gross monthly income from primary employment, and additionally from any verifiable secondary income. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is of primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes an analysis of the value of the collateral in relation to the proposed loan amount.

Results of Operations

General

Net interest income represents the primary source of earnings for the Company. Net interest income equals the amount by which interest income on interest-earning assets, predominantly loans and securities, exceeds interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, including deposits, other borrowings, subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt. Changes in the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as their respective yields and rates, are the components that impact the level of net interest income. The net interest margin is calculated by dividing tax-equivalent net interest income by average earning assets. The provision for loan losses, noninterest income and noninterest expense are the other components that determine net income. Noninterest income and expense primarily consists of income from service charges on deposit accounts, revenue from wealth management services, ATM and check card income, revenue from other customer services, income from bank owned life insurance, general and administrative expenses, amortization expense, and other real estate owned income or expense.

Net Interest Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, net interest income increased $573 thousand, or 10%, to $6.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, compared to $5.8 million for the third quarter of 2016. The increase resulted from a higher net interest margin and higher average earning asset balances. Average earning asset balances increased 3%, and the net interest margin increased 22 basis points to 3.79% for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, compared to 3.57% for the same period in 2016. The increase in the net interest margin resulted from a 28 basis point increase in the yield on total earning assets, which was partially offset by a 6 basis point increase in interest expense as a percent of average earning assets.

The higher yield on earning assets was primarily attributable to an increase in yields from all earning asset classes and a change in the composition of earning assets. Yields increased on loans, securities, and interest-bearing deposits in banks by 12 basis points, 17 basis points, and 66 basis points, respectively. A change in the asset composition also favorably impacted the earning asset yield, as average loan balances increased to 75% of average earning assets for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, compared to 71% of average earning assets for the same period in 2016.

The increase in interest expense as a percent of average earning assets was primarily attributable to higher interest rates paid on interest-bearing deposits, with the largest impact coming from the cost of interest-bearing checking accounts, which increased by 17 basis points comparing the periods.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net interest income increased $1.3 million, or 8%, to $18.7 million, compared to $17.3 million for the same period in 2016. The increase resulted from a higher net interest margin and higher average earning asset balances. Average earning asset balances increased 4%, and the net interest margin increased 13 basis points to 3.74% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 3.61% for the same period in 2016. The 13 basis point increase in the net interest margin resulted from a 17 basis point increase in the yield on total earning assets, which was partially offset by a 4 basis point increase in interest expense as a percent of average earning assets.

The higher yield on earning assets was attributable to an increase in yields from all earning asset classes and a change in the composition of earning assets. Yields increased on loans, securities, and interest-bearing deposits in banks by 3 basis points, 14 basis points, and 35 basis points, respectively. A change in the asset composition also favorably impacted the earning asset yield, as average loan balances increased to 74% of average earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 70% of average earning assets for the same period in 2016.

The increase in interest expense as a percent of average earning assets was primarily attributable to higher interest rates paid on interest-bearing deposits, with that largest impact coming from the cost of interest-bearing checking accounts, which increased by 16 basis points comparing the periods.

The following tables show interest income on earning assets and related average yields as well as interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and related average rates paid for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yields and Rates (Taxable Equivalent Basis)



	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2017							September 30, 2016
	Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate
Assets
Securities:
Taxable	$	118,819		$	637	2.13	%	$	124,634		$	613	1.95	%
Tax-exempt (1)	25,642			224		3.46	%	23,102			206		3.54	%
Restricted	1,570			21		5.31	%	1,569			20		5.18	%
Total securities	$	146,031		$	882	2.40	%	$	149,305		$	839	2.23	%
Loans: (2)
Taxable	$	503,625		$	6,103	4.81	%	$	462,888		$	5,452	4.69	%
Tax-exempt (1)	4,906			53		4.22	%	6,799			74		4.33	%
Total loans	$	508,531		$	6,156	4.80	%	$	469,687		$	5,526	4.68	%
Federal funds sold	1			—		1.28	%	—			—		—	%
Interest-bearing deposits with other institutions	27,237			92		1.34	%	42,632			73		0.68	%
Total earning assets	$	681,800		$	7,130	4.15	%	$	661,624		$	6,438	3.87	%
Less: allowance for loan losses	(5,459		)					(5,686		)
Total non-earning assets	53,310							54,067
Total assets	$	729,651						$	710,005
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest bearing deposits:
Checking	$	165,274		$	184	0.44	%	$	152,441		$	102	0.27	%
Regular savings	127,672			25		0.08	%	127,472			27		0.08	%
Money market accounts	63,108			49		0.31	%	62,979			26		0.17	%
Time deposits:
$100,000 and over	43,418			88		0.80	%	44,659			84		0.74	%
Under $100,000	79,566			100		0.50	%	86,780			98		0.45	%
Brokered	550			—		0.10	%	601			1		0.45	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	$	479,588		$	446	0.37	%	$	474,932		$	338	0.28	%
Subordinated debt	4,941			91		7.28	%	4,924			91		7.32	%
Junior subordinated debt	9,279			79		3.38	%	9,279			65		2.78	%
Other borrowings	—			—		—	%	489			1		0.97	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	493,808		$	616	0.50	%	$	489,624		$	495	0.40	%
Non-interest bearing liabilities
Demand deposits	175,249							164,254
Other liabilities	3,737							5,967
Total liabilities	$	672,794						$	659,845
Shareholders’ equity	56,857							50,160
Total liabilities and Shareholders’ equity	$	729,651						$	710,005
Net interest income				$	6,514						$	5,943
Interest rate spread						3.65	%						3.47	%
Cost of funds						0.37	%						0.30	%
Interest expense as a percent of average earning assets						0.36	%						0.30	%
Net interest margin						3.79	%						3.57	%


(1)	Income and yields are reported on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a federal tax rate of 34%. The tax-equivalent adjustment was $94 thousand and $96 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


(2)	Loans placed on a non-accrual status are reflected in the balances.

Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yields and Rates (Taxable Equivalent Basis)



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017							September 30, 2016
	Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate
Assets
Securities:
Taxable	$	119,191		$	1,933	2.17	%	$	133,659		$	2,037	2.04	%
Tax-exempt (1)	24,999			660		3.53	%	24,131			644		3.57	%
Restricted	1,563			62		5.31	%	1,570			60		5.12	%
Total securities	$	145,753		$	2,655	2.44	%	$	159,360		$	2,741	2.30	%
Loans: (2)
Taxable	$	495,120		$	17,611	4.76	%	$	451,142		$	15,960	4.73	%
Tax-exempt (1)	5,060			161		4.23	%	6,853			222		4.33	%
Total loans	$	500,180		$	17,772	4.75	%	$	457,995		$	16,182	4.72	%
Federal funds sold	—			—		—	%	1			—		—	%
Interest-bearing deposits with other institutions	31,159			239		1.03	%	35,847			183		0.68	%
Total earning assets	$	677,092		$	20,666	4.08	%	$	653,203		$	19,106	3.91	%
Less: allowance for loan losses	(5,413		)					(5,586		)
Total non-earning assets	53,427							55,556
Total assets	$	725,106						$	703,173
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest bearing deposits:
Checking	$	164,059		$	500	0.41	%	$	150,042		$	279	0.25	%
Regular savings	128,530			76		0.08	%	125,671			78		0.08	%
Money market accounts	61,489			111		0.24	%	61,109			76		0.17	%
Time deposits:
$100,000 and over	43,732			254		0.78	%	46,157			281		0.81	%
Under $100,000	81,141			291		0.48	%	88,692			284		0.43	%
Brokered	572			2		0.37	%	601			2		0.45	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	$	479,523		$	1,234	0.34	%	$	472,272		$	1,000	0.28	%
Federal funds purchased	1			—		1.20	%	447			3		1.03	%
Subordinated debt	4,937			269		7.28	%	4,919			270		7.33	%
Junior subordinated debt	9,279			223		3.21	%	9,279			190		2.73	%
Other borrowings	—			—		—	%	1,650			6		0.49	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	493,740		$	1,726	0.47	%	$	488,567		$	1,469	0.40	%
Non-interest bearing liabilities
Demand deposits	172,443							160,152
Other liabilities	3,894							5,882
Total liabilities	$	670,077						$	654,601
Shareholders’ equity	55,029							48,572
Total liabilities and Shareholders’ equity	$	725,106						$	703,173
Net interest income				$	18,940						$	17,637
Interest rate spread						3.61	%						3.51	%
Cost of funds						0.35	%						0.30	%
Interest expense as a percent of average earning assets						0.34	%						0.30	%
Net interest margin						3.74	%						3.61	%


(1)	Income and yields are reported on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a federal tax rate of 34%. The tax-equivalent adjustment was $279 thousand and $295 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


(2)	Loans placed on a non-accrual status are reflected in the balances.

Provision for Loan Losses

The Bank did not record a provision for loan losses during the third quarter of 2017 or 2016, which resulted in a total allowance for loan losses of $5.3 million, or 1.03% of total loans, at September 30, 2017. This compared to an allowance for loan losses of $5.3 million, or 1.09% of total loans, at December 31, 2016, and $5.6 million, or 1.19% of total loans, at September 30, 2016. Although no provision expense was required, there were notable changes among the allowance for loan losses allocated to individual loan classes. The allowance for loan losses allocated to the consumer and other loans portfolio increased by $417 thousand during the first nine months of 2017, which was offset by a $257 thousand decrease in the allowance for loan losses allocated to the 1-4 family residential loan portfolio and a $181 thousand decrease in the allowance for loan losses allocated to the other real estate portfolio. The increase in the allocation to the consumer and other loans portfolio resulted from higher historical loss rates and increases in loan balances. Consumer and other loan balances increased primarily from purchases of consumer loans at their origination at par value. Purchased consumer loans totaled $5.8 million at September 30, 2017. The decrease in the allocation to the 1-4 family residential loan portfolio resulted from a decrease in historical loss rates and an improvement in prior periods to the qualitative adjustment factors for improved economic conditions. The decrease in the allocation to the other real estate portfolio resulted from an improvement in prior periods to the qualitative adjustment factors for improved economic conditions.

The Bank did not record a provision for loan losses during the quarter. Both the general and specific reserve components of the allowance for loan losses decreased slightly as a result of $143 thousand of net charge-offs during the third quarter of 2017, compared to $124 thousand of net charge-offs for the same period in 2016.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016, the Bank did not record a provision for loan losses. During 2017, an increase in the general reserve component of the allowance for loan losses was offset by a decrease in the specific reserve component. Net charge-offs totaled $20 thousand for the first nine months of 2017 compared to $86 thousand of net recoveries for the same period of 2016. The increase in the general reserve resulted primarily from the impact of $28.6 million of loan growth during the first nine months of 2017. The impact of loan growth on the general reserve was partially offset by improvements in qualitative adjustment factors in prior periods. The improvements in qualitative adjustment factors resulted from improved asset quality in the 1-4 Family Residential, Other Real Estate, and Commercial and Industrial loan classes, as evidenced by lower substandard and past due loan amounts included in these respective classes, and improved economic conditions. The specific reserve component decreased primarily from the Bank's decision to partially charge-off certain loans included in the specific reserve calculation.

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income decreased $294 thousand, or 13%, to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $2.3 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in noninterest income was primarily attributable to a $181 thousand, or 19%, decrease in service charges on deposit accounts and a $113 thousand, or 62%, decrease in other operating income, when comparing the periods. The decrease in service charges on deposit accounts was a result of lower overdraft revenue. The decrease in other operating income was primarily attributable to a $102 thousand life insurance benefit recorded during the third quarter of 2016, which was offset by a $100 thousand death benefit payment to the beneficiary recorded in other operating expense. These decreases were partially offset by a $20 thousand increase in wealth management fees.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, noninterest income decreased $430 thousand, or 7%, to $5.9 million, compared to $6.4 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in noninterest income was primarily attributable to a $385 thousand, or 15%, decrease in service charges on deposit accounts and a $111 thousand, or 33%, decrease in other operating income, when comparing the periods. The decrease in service charges on deposit accounts was a result of lower overdraft revenue. The decrease in other operating income was primarily attributable to a $102 thousand life insurance benefit recorded during 2016, which was offset by a $100 thousand death benefit payment to the beneficiary recorded in other operating expense. These decreases were partially offset by a $52 thousand increase in wealth management fees.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense decreased $46 thousand, or 1%, to $5.8 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, compared to $5.9 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in noninterest expense was primarily attributable to a $27 thousand decrease in supplies expense, a $24 thousand decrease in ATM and check card fees, a $22 thousand decrease in FDIC assessment, and a $36 thousand decrease in amortization expense, when comparing the periods. These decreases were partially offset by a $38 thousand increase in salaries and employee benefits and an $37 thousand increase in legal and professional fees.

Supplies expense and ATM and check card fees both decreased primarily from efforts to lower operating costs. The decrease in FDIC assessment resulted from lower FDIC deposit insurance assessment rates as a result of changes put into effect by the FDIC combined with the Bank's financial condition. Amortization expense decreased due to accelerated amortization of core deposit intangibles in prior quarters.

The increase in salaries and employee benefits resulted primarily from higher health insurance expense and from the addition of employees during the quarter to a new branch office in Richmond, Virginia. As a result of the new branch office, the Company expects noninterest expenses to increase in future periods. Expense categories most likely impacted in future periods include salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, and equipment.

Legal and professional fees increased primarily from increases in consulting and professional fees, when comparing the periods. Consulting expenses increased primarily from an increase in investment advisory expenses for the wealth management department, which resulted from higher assets under management. Professional fees increased primarily from external loan review services.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, noninterest expense decreased $590 thousand, or 3%, to $17.3 million, compared to $17.9 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease in noninterest expense was primarily attributable to a $457 thousand decrease in salaries and employee benefits, a $114 thousand decrease in FDIC assessment, and a $112 thousand decrease in amortization expense, when comparing the periods. These decreases were partially offset by a $126 thousand increase in net other real estate expense. Other real estate owned expense totaled $6 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to other real estate income of $120 thousand for the same period in 2016.

Salaries and employee benefits decreased $457 thousand primarily from lower salaries and wage expense and retirement plan expense, which decreased $243 thousand and $137 thousand, respectively. Salaries and wage expense decreased primarily from a reduction in the number of employees, which was related to the Company’s efforts to operate more efficiently. Retirement plan costs decreased as a result of fewer employees and changes to employee retirement plans. Changes to retirement plans included an amendment to the defined benefit pension plan and the Company’s intention to terminate the plan, which decreased pension expense. The decrease in pension expense was partially offset by an increase in the amount of employer contributions to the Company’s 401(k) defined contribution plan. The decrease in FDIC assessment resulted from lower FDIC deposit insurance assessment rates as a result of the changes put into effect by the FDIC combined with the Bank's financial condition. Amortization expense decreased due to accelerated amortization of core deposit intangibles in prior years.

Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax provision differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The difference was a result of net permanent tax deductions, primarily comprised of tax-exempt interest income. A more detailed discussion of the Company’s tax calculation is contained in Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Financial Condition

General

Total assets increased by $15.5 million to $731.5 million at September 30, 2017 compared to $716.0 million at December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to a $28.7 million increase in net loans, when comparing the periods. The increase in net loans was partially offset by a $6.5 million decrease in interest-bearing deposits in banks and a $5.7 million decrease in securities since December 31, 2016.

Total deposits increased by $10.7 million to $656.3 million at September 30, 2017 compared to $645.6 million at December 31, 2016. Noninterest-bearing demand deposits and savings and interest-bearing deposits increased $11.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, when comparing the periods. These increases were partially offset by a $2.4 million decrease in time deposits since December 31, 2016.

Loans

Loans, net of the allowance for loan losses, increased $28.7 million, or 6% to $509.4 million at September 30, 2017, compared to $480.7 million at December 31, 2016. Growth of the loan portfolio was led by other real estate loans with balances that increased $10.9 million during the first nine months of 2017, followed by consumer and other loans with balances that increased by $5.6 million.

The Company, through its banking subsidiary, grants mortgage, commercial and consumer loans to customers. The Bank segments its loan portfolio into real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer and other loans. Real estate loans are further divided into the following classes: Construction and Land Development; 1-4 Family Residential; and Other Real Estate Loans. Descriptions of the Company’s loan classes are as follows:

Real Estate Loans – Construction and Land Development: The Company originates construction loans for the acquisition and development of land and construction of commercial buildings, condominiums, townhomes, and one-to-four family residences.

Real Estate Loans – 1-4 Family: This class of loans includes loans secured by one-to-four family homes. In addition to traditional residential mortgage loans secured by a first or junior lien on the property, the Bank offers home equity lines of credit.

Real Estate Loans – Other: This loan class consists primarily of loans secured by various types of commercial real estate typically in the Bank’s market area, including multi-family residential buildings, office and retail buildings, industrial and warehouse buildings, hotels, and religious facilities.

Commercial and Industrial Loans: Commercial loans may be unsecured or secured with non-real estate commercial property. The Company's banking subsidiary makes commercial loans to businesses located within its market area and also to businesses outside of its market area through loan participations with other financial institutions.

Consumer and Other Loans: Consumer loans include all loans made to individuals for consumer or personal purposes. They include new and used automobile loans, unsecured loans, and lines of credit. The Company's banking subsidiary makes consumer loans to individuals located within its market area and also to individuals outside it market through the purchase of loans from another financial institution.

A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by residential and commercial loans secured by real estate throughout the Bank's market area. The ability of the Bank’s debtors to honor their contracts may be impacted by the real estate and general economic conditions in this area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances less the allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans. Interest income is accrued and credited to income based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.

A loan’s past due status is based on the contractual due date of the most delinquent payment due. Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when the collection of principal or interest is 90 days or more past due, or earlier, if collection is uncertain based on an evaluation of the net realizable value of the collateral and the financial strength of the borrower. Loans greater than 90 days past due may remain on accrual status if management determines it has adequate collateral to cover the principal and interest. Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing totaled $89 thousand at September 30, 2017, compared to $116 thousand at December 31, 2016. For those loans that are carried on non-accrual status, payments are first applied to principal outstanding. A loan may be returned to accrual status if the borrower has demonstrated a sustained period of repayment performance in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan and there is reasonable assurance the borrower will continue to make payments as agreed. These policies are applied consistently across the loan portfolio.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. When a loan is returned to accrual status, interest income is recognized based on the new effective yield to maturity of the loan.

Any unsecured loan that is deemed uncollectible is charged-off in full. Any secured loan that is considered by management to be uncollectible is partially charged-off and carried at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. This charge-off policy applies to all loan segments.

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value (net of selling costs), and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Additionally, management generally evaluates substandard and doubtful loans greater than $250 thousand for impairment. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair market value of the collateral, net of selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company typically does not separately identify individual consumer, residential and certain small commercial loans that are less than $250 thousand for impairment disclosures, except for troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) as noted below. The recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $5.0 million and $4.9 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDR)

In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition, management grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a TDR. TDRs are considered impaired loans. Upon designation as a TDR, the Company evaluates the borrower’s payment history, past due status and ability to make payments based on the revised terms of the loan. If a loan was accruing prior to being modified as a TDR and if the Company concludes that the borrower is able to make such payments, and there are no other factors or circumstances that would cause it to conclude otherwise, the loan will remain on an accruing status. If a loan was on non-accrual status at the time of the TDR, the loan will remain on non-accrual status following the modification and may be returned to accrual status based on the policy for returning loans to accrual status as noted above. There were $340 thousand and $460 thousand in loans classified as TDRs as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Asset Quality

Management classifies non-performing assets as non-accrual loans and other real estate owned (OREO). OREO represents real property taken by the Bank when its customers do not meet the contractual obligation of their loans, either through foreclosure or through a deed in lieu thereof from the borrower and properties originally acquired for branch operations or expansion but no longer intended to be used for that purpose. OREO is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs, and is marketed by the Bank through brokerage channels. The Bank’s OREO totaled $250 thousand at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. There was not a valuation allowance for other real estate owned at September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

Non-performing assets totaled $2.4 million at September 30, 2017 and $1.8 million at December 31, 2016, representing 0.32% and 0.25% of total assets, respectively. Non-performing assets included $2.1 million in non-accrual loans and $250 thousand in OREO at September 30, 2017. This compares to $1.5 million in non-accrual loans and $250 thousand in OREO at December 31, 2016.

At September 30, 2017, 45% of non-performing assets related to construction and land development loans, 26% related to residential real estate loans, 18% related to commercial real estate loans, and 11% related to properties originally used for branch operations which are no longer used for that purpose. Non-performing assets could increase due to other loans identified by management as potential problem loans. Other potential problem loans are defined as performing loans that possess certain risks, including the borrower’s ability to pay and the collateral value securing the loan, that management has identified that may result in the loans not being repaid in accordance with their terms. Other potential problem loans totaled $9.2 million and $8.1 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The amount of other potential problem loans in future periods may be dependent on economic conditions and other factors influencing our customers’ ability to meet their debt requirements.

Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing totaled $89 thousand at September 30, 2017, which was comprised of two loans expected to pay all principal and interest amounts contractually due to the Bank and one purchased consumer and other loan. Consumer and other loans purchased at origination are charged-off when they are greater than 120 days past due. There were $116 thousand of loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing at December 31, 2016.

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s analysis of the existing loan portfolio and related credit risks. The provision for loan losses is based upon management’s current estimate of the amount required to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses reflective of the risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses totaled $5.3 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, representing 1.03% and 1.09% of total loans, respectively. For further discussion regarding the allowance for loan losses, see “Provision for Loan Losses” above.

Recoveries of loan losses of $17 thousand, $422 thousand, $232 thousand, and $1 thousand were recorded in the construction and land development, 1-4 family residential, other real estate, and commercial and industrial loan classes, respectively, during the nine month period ended September 30, 2017. The recoveries of loan losses in the construction and land development, 1-4 family residential, and commercial and industrial loan classes resulted from net recoveries of loans charged-off in prior periods and improvements in the historical loss rate and qualitative adjustment factors. The recovery of loan losses in the other real estate loan class resulted from net recoveries of loans charged-off in prior periods and improvements in the qualitative adjustment factors. Improvements in qualitative adjustment factors for the construction and land development loan class resulted from improving economic conditions. Improvements in qualitative adjustment factors for the 1-4 family residential, other real estate, and commercial and industrial loan classes resulted from improving asset quality and economic conditions. These recoveries were offset by provision for loan losses experienced in the consumer and other loan class. The provision for loan losses in the consumer and other loan class resulted primarily from an increase in the general reserve requirement due to growth in the loan portfolio and worsened historical loss rates.

Impaired loans totaled $5.0 million and $4.9 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. There was not a related allowance for loan losses provided for these loans at September 30, 2017. The related allowance for loan losses provided for impaired loans totaled $37 thousand at December 31, 2016. The average recorded investment in impaired loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016 was $4.8 million and $7.0 million, respectively. Included in the impaired loans total are loans classified as TDRs totaling $340 thousand and $460 thousand at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Loans classified as TDRs represent situations in which a modification to the contractual interest rate or repayment structure has been granted to address a financial hardship. As of September 30, 2017, $287 thousand of these TDRs were performing under the restructured terms and were not considered non-performing assets.

Management believes, based upon its review and analysis, that the Bank has sufficient reserves to cover losses inherent within the loan portfolio. For each period presented, the provision for loan losses charged to expense was based on management’s judgment after taking into consideration all factors connected with the collectability of the existing portfolio. Management considers economic conditions, historical loss factors, past due percentages, internally generated loan quality reports and other relevant factors when evaluating the loan portfolio. There can be no assurance, however, that an additional provision for loan losses will not be required in the future, including as a result of changes in the qualitative factors underlying management’s estimates and judgments, adverse developments in the economy, on a national basis or in the Company’s market area, loan growth, or changes in the circumstances of particular borrowers. For further discussion regarding the allowance for loan losses, see “Critical Accounting Policies” above.

Securities

The securities portfolio plays a primary role in the management of the Company’s interest rate sensitivity and serves as a source of liquidity. The portfolio is used as needed to meet collateral requirements, such as those related to secure public deposits and balances with the Reserve Bank. The investment portfolio consists of held to maturity, available for sale, and restricted securities. Securities are classified as available for sale or held to maturity based on the Company’s investment strategy and management’s assessment of the intent and ability to hold the securities until maturity. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. If management has the intent and the Company has the ability at the time of purchase to hold the investment securities to maturity, they are classified as investment securities held to maturity and are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using the interest method. Investment securities which the Company may not hold to maturity are classified as investment securities available for sale, as management has the intent and ability to hold such investment securities for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available for sale may be sold in response to changes in market interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, increases in loan demand, general liquidity needs and other similar factors and are carried at estimated fair value. Restricted

securities, including Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank, and Community Bankers’ Bank stock, are generally viewed as long-term investments because there is minimal market for the stock and are carried at cost.

Securities at September 30, 2017 totaled $144.0 million, a decrease of $5.7 million, or 4%, from $149.7 million at December 31, 2016. The investment portfolio decreased during the first nine months of 2017 as loan growth was partially funded by cash flow received from the securities portfolio. Investment securities are comprised of U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities, obligations of state and political subdivisions, corporate equity securities, corporate debt securities, and restricted securities. As of September 30, 2017, neither the Company nor the Bank held any derivative financial instruments in their respective investment security portfolios. Gross unrealized gains in the available for sale portfolio totaled $452 thousand and $333 thousand at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Gross unrealized losses in the available for sale portfolio totaled $835 thousand and $1.6 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Gross unrealized gains in the held to maturity portfolio totaled $287 thousand and $19 thousand at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Gross unrealized losses in the held to maturity portfolio totaled $247 thousand and $708 thousand at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Investments in an unrealized loss position were considered temporarily impaired at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The change in the unrealized gains and losses of investment securities from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017 was related to changes in market interest rates and was not related to credit concerns of the issuers.

Deposits

At September 30, 2017, deposits totaled $656.3 million, an increase of $10.7 million, from $645.6 million at December 31, 2016. There was not a significant change in the deposit mix when comparing the periods. At September 30, 2017, noninterest-bearing demand deposits, savings and interest-bearing demand deposits, and time deposits composed 27%, 54%, and 19% of total deposits, respectively, compared to 26%, 54%, and 20% at December 31, 2016.

Liquidity

Liquidity represents the ability to meet present and future financial obligations through either the sale or maturity of existing assets or with borrowings from correspondent banks or other deposit markets. The Company classifies cash, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, investment securities and loans maturing within one year as liquid assets. As part of the Bank’s liquidity risk management, stress tests and cash flow modeling are performed quarterly.

As a result of the Bank’s management of liquid assets and the ability to generate liquidity through liability funding, management believes that the Bank maintains overall liquidity sufficient to satisfy its depositors’ requirements and to meet its customers’ borrowing needs.

At September 30, 2017, cash, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits with banks, securities and loans maturing within one year totaled $106.3 million. At September 30, 2017, 14% or $70.7 million of the loan portfolio matures within one year. Non-deposit sources of available funds totaled $131.1 million at September 30, 2017, which included $80.2 million available from Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB), $42.0 million of unsecured federal funds lines of credit with other correspondent banks and $8.9 million available through the Federal Reserve Discount Window.

Capital Resources

The adequacy of the Company’s capital is reviewed by management on an ongoing basis with reference to the size, composition, and quality of the Company’s asset and liability levels and consistent with regulatory requirements and industry standards. Management seeks to maintain a capital structure that will assure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and absorb potential losses. The Company meets eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Federal Reserve Board’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement issued in February 2015, and is no longer obligated to report consolidated regulatory capital.

In July 2013, the U.S. banking regulators adopted a final rule which implements the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, and certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule established an integrated regulatory capital framework and introduces the “Standardized Approach” for risk-weighted assets, which replaced the Basel I risk-based guidance for determining risk-weighted assets as of January 1, 2015, the date the Bank became subject to the new rules. Based on the Bank’s current capital composition and levels, the Bank believes it is in compliance with the requirements as set forth in the final rules.

The rules included new risk-based capital and leverage ratios, which are being phased in from 2015 to 2019, and refined the definition of what constitutes “capital” for purposes of calculating those ratios. The new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Bank under the final rules were as follows: a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% (increased from 4%); a total capital ratio of 8% (unchanged from previous rules); and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% for all institutions. The final rules also established a “capital conservation buffer” above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer is being phased-in over four years, which began on January 1, 2016, as follows: the maximum buffer was 0.625% of risk-weighted assets for 2016, is 1.25% for 2017, and will be 1.875% for 2018, and 2.5% for 2019 and thereafter. This will result in the following minimum ratios beginning in 2019: a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%, and a total capital ratio of 10.5%. Under the final rules, institutions are subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. Management believes, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, that the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject, including the capital conservation buffer.

The following table shows the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at September 30, 2017:




	First Bank
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	13.91	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	12.87	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	12.87	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets	9.06	%
Capital conservation buffer ratio(1)	5.91	%


(1)	Calculated by subtracting the regulatory minimum capital ratio requirements from the Company’s actual ratio for Common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and Total risk based capital. The lowest of the three measures represents the Bank’s capital conservation buffer ratio.

The final rules also contain revisions to the prompt corrective action framework, which is designed to place restrictions on insured depository institutions if their capital levels begin to show signs of weakness. Under the prompt corrective action requirements, which are designed to complement the capital conservation buffer, insured depository institutions are now required to meet the following increased capital level requirements in order to qualify as “well capitalized:” a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%; a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8% (increased from 6%); a total capital ratio of 10% (unchanged from previous rules); and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5% (unchanged from previous rules).

Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to the contractual obligations disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company, through the Bank, is a party to credit related financial instruments with risk not reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Bank’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Bank follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit, which amounted to $75.5 million at September 30, 2017, and $71.4 million at December 31, 2016, are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The commitments for lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Bank, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Unfunded commitments under commercial lines of credit, revolving credit lines and overdraft protection agreements are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit are collateralized as deemed necessary and usually do not contain a specified maturity date and may or may not be drawn upon to the total extent to which the Bank is committed.

Commercial and standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. Essentially all letters of credit issued have expiration dates within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank generally holds collateral supporting those commitments if deemed necessary. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Bank had $10.9 million and $9.0 million in outstanding standby letters of credit, respectively.

At September 30, 2017, the Bank had $7.0 million in locked-rate commitments to originate mortgage loans. Risks arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. The Bank does not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not required.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2017 was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on and as of the date of such evaluation, the aforementioned officers concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

The Company’s management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of it that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

There are no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business, to which the Company is a party or to which the property of the Company is subject.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There were no material changes to the Company’s risk factors as disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6. Exhibits

The following documents are attached hereto as Exhibits:




31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Section 302 Certification

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Section 302 Certification

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

101		The following materials from First National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.




FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION
(Registrant)

/s/ Scott C. Harvard				November 13, 2017
Scott C. Harvard				Date
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ M. Shane Bell				November 13, 2017
M. Shane Bell				Date
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT INDEX




Number	Document

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Section 302 Certification

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Section 302 Certification

32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

101	The following materials from First National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.