FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

__________________________________

FORM 10-Q

__________________________________


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 333-258176

__________________________________

FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

__________________________________


Delaware						81-4552413
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1400 16th Street, Suite 250

Denver, Colorado 80202

(303) 831-6704

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

__________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 9, 2022, there were approximately 24,906,032 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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			Page
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			3
Part I - Financial Information (Unaudited)			5
Item 1. Financial Statements			5
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			43
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			65
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			66
Part II - Other Information			67
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			67
Item 1A. Risk Factors			67
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			67
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			67
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			67
Item 5. Other Information			67
Item 6. Exhibits			68
Signatures			69

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical or current fact nor are they assurances of future performance and generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “target,” “estimate,” “continue,” “positions,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “goal,” “objective,” “prospects,” “possible” or “potential,” by future conditional verbs such as “assume,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” or “may,” or by variations of such words or by similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements related to our merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc. (“Pioneer”) that was closed on April 1, 2022 (the “Merger”), statements about the impact of COVID-19 on our operations, our belief that sources of available liquidity are adequate to meet our current and expected liquidity needs, our plans to meet future cash needs through the generation of deposits, our expectations that many of our unfunded commitments will expire without being drawn, and statements regarding our business plan and strategies. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time, are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control.

There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:

•the possibility that the anticipated benefits of the Merger, including anticipated cost savings and strategic gains, are not realized when expected or at all, including as a result of the impact of, or problems arising from, the integration of the two companies or as a result of the strength of the economy, competitive factors in the areas where we do business or as a result of other unexpected factors or events;

•the impact of purchase accounting with respect to the Merger, or any change in the assumptions used regarding the assets purchased and liabilities assumed to determine their fair value;

•diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities due to the Merger;

•potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the completion of the Merger;

•the integration of the business and operations of Pioneer, which may take longer than anticipated or be more costly than anticipated or have unanticipated adverse results relating to our existing business;

•the potential impact of the Merger on relationships with third parties, including customers, vendors, employees and competitors;

•challenges retaining or hiring key personnel;

•the outcome of pending or threatened litigation or of matters before or involving regulatory agencies, whether currently existing or commencing in the future;

•increased capital requirements, other regulatory requirements or enhanced regulatory supervision;

•the inability to sustain revenue and earnings growth;

•the inability to efficiently manage operating expenses;

•changes in interest rates and capital markets;

•changes in asset quality and credit risk;

•adverse changes in economic conditions;

•capital management activities;

•customer borrowing, repayment, investment and deposit practices;

•the impact, extent and timing of technological changes;

•the continuing impact of COVID-19 and its variants on our business, including the impact of the actions taken by governmental authorities to try and contain the virus or address the impact of the virus on the United States economy, and the resulting effect of these items on our operations, liquidity and capital position, and on the financial condition of our borrowers and other customers;

•changes in legislation, regulation, policies or administrative practices, whether by judicial, governmental or legislative action and other changes pertaining to banking, securities, taxation, rent regulation and housing, financial accounting and reporting, environmental protection and insurance and the ability to comply with such changes in a timely manner;

•changes in the monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve;

•changes in accounting principles, policies, practices or guidelines;

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•the potential increase in reserves and allowance for loan losses as a result of the transition in 2023 to the current expected credit loss standard, or “CECL,” established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to account for future expected credit losses;

•failure to attract new customers and retain existing customers in the manner anticipated;

•any interruption or breach of security resulting in failures or disruptions in customer account management, general ledger, deposit, loan or other systems;

•the adverse effects of events beyond our control that may have a destabilizing effect on financial markets and the economy, such as inflation and recessions, epidemics and pandemics (including COVID-19), war or terrorist activities (including the war in Ukraine), essential utility outages, climate change, deterioration in the global economy, instability in the credit markets, disruptions in our customers’ supply chains or disruption in transportation;

•other actions of the Federal Reserve and legislative and regulatory actions and reforms;

•the inability to maintain or grow deposits;

•the inability to manage strategic initiatives and/or organizational changes;

•cyber-security risks;

•FirstSun’s ability to secure confidential information and deliver products and services through the use of computer systems and telecommunications networks;

•the inability to implement technology system enhancements;

•failures of internal controls and other risk management systems;

•failures of third-party providers;

•losses related to fraud, theft, misappropriation or violence; and

•other risks and uncertainties disclosed in documents filed or furnished by us with or to the SEC, any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed, implied or otherwise anticipated by such forward-looking statements.

We caution readers that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive, is not necessarily in order of importance and readers should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. You should also consider the risks, assumptions and uncertainties set forth under “Item 1.A. Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2022. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and we do not intend to and disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, unless required to do so under the federal securities laws.

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Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP

and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of


	(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except par and share amounts)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	325,039	$	668,462
Securities available-for-sale	551,165		572,501
Securities held-to-maturity, fair value of $34,096 and $18,599, respectively	39,148		18,007
Loans held-for-sale, at fair value	67,535		103,939
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $59,678 and $47,547, respectively	5,497,008		3,989,576
Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value	73,850		47,392
Premises and equipment, net	88,490		53,147
Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets, net	5,391		5,487
Bank-owned life insurance	77,462		54,858
Restricted equity securities	34,877		16,239
Goodwill	93,483		33,050
Core deposits and other intangible assets, net	17,825		8,250
Accrued interest receivable	24,964		14,761
Deferred tax assets, net	56,605		23,030
Prepaid expenses and other assets	100,075		58,115
Total assets	$	7,052,917	$	5,666,814

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing accounts	$	1,946,215	$	1,566,113
Interest-bearing accounts	3,814,203		3,288,835
Total deposits	5,760,418		4,854,948
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	51,256		92,093
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	310,872		40,000

Convertible notes payable, net	5,317		19,442
Subordinated debt, net	74,780		50,016
Accrued interest payable	3,073		2,369
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	96,548		83,908
Total liabilities	6,302,264		5,142,776

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding, respectively	—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 24,906,032 and 19,903,342 shares issued; 24,906,032 and 18,346,288 shares outstanding, respectively	2		2
Additional paid-in capital	460,530		261,905
Treasury stock, — and 1,557,054 shares, respectively	—		(38,148)
Retained earnings	333,227		298,615
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net	(43,106)		1,664
Total stockholders’ equity	750,653		524,038
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	7,052,917	$	5,666,814

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP

and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For the three and nine months ended September 30,

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest income:
Interest and fee income on loans:
Taxable	$	63,626	$	37,225	$	154,266	$	102,068
Tax exempt	4,644		3,471		14,447		16,612
Interest and dividend income on securities:
Taxable	3,639		1,949		9,250		5,634
Tax exempt	5		5		2		12
Other interest income	1,849		611		3,687		1,450
Total interest income	73,763		43,261		181,652		125,776
Interest expense:
Interest expense on deposits	3,274		1,978		7,020		6,731
Interest expense on securities sold under agreements to repurchase	51		13		74		49
Interest expense on other borrowed funds	1,952		1,305		6,202		4,214
Total interest expense	5,277		3,296		13,296		10,994
Net interest income	68,486		39,965		168,356		114,782
Provision for loan losses	3,750		3,500		12,450		1,750
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	64,736		36,465		155,906		113,032
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	4,807		3,471		13,111		8,659
Credit and debit card fees	3,103		2,472		8,508		7,140
Trust and investment advisory fees	1,552		1,974		5,408		5,871
Income from mortgage banking services, net	13,785		20,151		40,017		68,144

Gain on other real estate owned and foreclosed assets activity, net	155		93		164		591

Other noninterest income	1,551		523		3,740		4,443
Total noninterest income	24,953		28,684		70,948		94,848
Noninterest expense:
Salary and employee benefits	32,508		36,061		101,981		113,129
Occupancy and equipment	8,216		6,643		22,802		19,867

Amortization of intangible assets	935		354		2,197		1,062
Merger related expenses	—		705		18,751		1,984
Other noninterest expenses	13,889		10,807		37,952		30,332
Total noninterest expense	55,548		54,570		183,683		166,374
Income before income taxes	34,141		10,579		43,171		41,506
Provision for income taxes	7,628		1,851		8,559		7,159
Net income	$	26,513	$	8,728	$	34,612	$	34,347
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
(Loss) gain on securities available-for-sale	(5,107)		263		(47,306)		(1,714)
Gain on fair value hedges of securities available-for-sale	1,438		—		2,536		—
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(3,669)		263		(44,770)		(1,714)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	22,844	$	8,991	$	(10,158)	$	32,633

Earnings per share:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	26,513	$	8,728	$	34,612	$	34,347
Basic	$	1.07	$	0.48	$	1.53	$	1.87
Diluted	$	1.04	$	0.46	$	1.49	$	1.83

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP

and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the three months ended September 30,

(Unaudited)


(in thousands, except share amounts)	Issued shares of common stock	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total stockholders’ equity
2022
Balance, beginning of period	24,850,954	$	2	$	460,263	$	—	$	306,714	$	(39,437)	$	727,542



Issuance of common stock on restricted stock grants (11,344 shares in the second quarter of 2022)	—	—		102		—		—		—		102
Stock option exercises	55,078	—		(206)		—		—		—		(206)
Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures	—	—		371		—		—		—		371
Net income	—	—		—		—		26,513		—		26,513
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—		(3,669)		(3,669)

Balance, end of period	24,906,032	$	2	$	460,530	$	—	$	333,227	$	(43,106)	$	750,653

2021
Balance, beginning of period	19,878,713	$	2	$	260,516	$	(38,148)	$	281,070	$	7,142	$	510,582





Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures	—	—		348		—		—		—		348
Net income	—	—		—		—		8,728		—		8,728
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		263		263

Balance, end of period	19,878,713	$	2	$	260,864	$	(38,148)	$	289,798	$	7,405	$	519,921

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP

and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

For the nine months ended September 30,

(Unaudited)


(in thousands, except share amounts)	Issued shares of common stock	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total stockholders’ equity
2022
Balance, beginning of period	19,903,342	$	2	$	261,905	$	(38,148)	$	298,615	$	1,664	$	524,038


Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc. (issuance of treasury stock 1,557,054 shares)	4,910,412	—		197,946		38,148		—		—		236,094
Issuance of common stock on restricted stock grants	11,344	—		169		—		—		—		169
Stock option exercises	80,934	—		(414)		—		—		—		(414)
Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures	—	—		924		—		—		—		924
Net income	—	—		—		—		34,612		—		34,612
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—		(44,770)		(44,770)

Balance, end of period	24,906,032	$	2	$	460,530	$	—	$	333,227	$	(43,106)	$	750,653

2021
Balance, beginning of period	19,878,713	$	2	$	259,363	$	(38,148)	$	255,451	$	9,119	$	485,787





Share-based compensation, net of forfeitures	—	—		1,501		—		—		—		1,501
Net income	—	—		—		—		34,347		—		34,347
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—		(1,714)		(1,714)

Balance, end of period	19,878,713	$	2	$	260,864	$	(38,148)	$	289,798	$	7,405	$	519,921

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP

and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the nine months ended September 30,

(Unaudited)


(In thousands)	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	34,612	$	34,347
Adjustments to reconcile income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses	12,450		1,750
Depreciation	5,305		4,716
Deferred tax expense	671		2,862
Amortization of net premium on securities	1,737		2,617
Accretion of net discount on acquired loans	(1,832)		(1,001)
Amortization of deferred loan origination fees and costs	398		(407)
Amortization of core deposits and other intangible assets	2,197		1,062

Amortization of software implementation costs	639		844
Amortization of premium on acquired deposits	(743)		(45)
Accretion of discount on subordinated debt	191		192
Amortization of issuance costs on subordinated debt	108		70
Accretion of discount on convertible notes payable	1,093		559
Accretion of discount on Federal Home Loan Bank advances	64		—
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	(1,222)		(954)
Impairment of premises and equipment	720		23
Impairment of other real estate owned and foreclosed assets	21		240
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends	(238)		(306)
Share-based compensation expense	1,093		1,501
Decrease (increase) in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	(14,777)		3,706

Net loss on sales of loans held-for-investment	—		698
Net loss on disposal of premises and equipment	86		75
Net gain on other real estate owned and foreclosed assets activity	(164)		(591)

Net gain on sales of loans held-for-sale	(10,498)		(50,224)
Origination of loans held-for-sale	(899,200)		(1,693,782)
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale	937,343		1,797,219

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable	(6,255)		(1,233)


Prepaid expenses and other assets	(32,474)		2,231
Accrued interest payable	297		176
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	10,666		(23,610)

Net cash provided by operating activities	$	42,288	$	82,735

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP

and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

For the nine months ended September 30,

(Unaudited)


(In thousands)	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities: (previous page)	$	42,288	$	82,735

Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash acquired in excess of cash paid in connection with Pioneer Merger	444,541		—

Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities	3,027		12,097
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(66,606)		(164,914)
Proceeds from sale or maturities of available-for-sale securities	157,399		97,499
Loan originations, net of repayments	(707,439)		19,632

Proceeds from the sale of loans held-for-sale previously classified as held-for-investment	—		18,544
Purchases of premises and equipment	(1,795)		(2,891)
Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment	2		1,192

Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned and foreclosed assets	867		1,221


Purchases of restricted equity securities	(18,549)		(49)
Proceeds from the sale or redemption of restricted equity securities	9,471		6,603
Purchase of other investments	(388)		(324)
Proceeds from the sale or redemption of other investments	745		519
Net cash used in investing activities	(178,725)		(10,871)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits	(285,868)		704,481
Net change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(40,837)		1,629
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances	170,884		—
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(60,000)		(30,411)

Repayment of convertible notes payable	(15,217)		—
Proceeds from subordinated debt, net	24,466		—

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	(414)		—



Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(206,986)		675,699
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(343,423)		747,563
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	668,462		201,978
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	325,039	$	949,541

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid on deposits	$	6,726	$	6,869
Interest paid on borrowed funds	$	6,605	$	4,362
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	10,276	$	4,930
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired from Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc.	$	1,085,506	$	—
Liabilities assumed from Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc.	$	1,354,387	$	—
Net change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities	$	(62,473)	$	(2,270)
Loan charge-offs	$	2,412	$	3,242
Premises and equipment transferred to other real estate owned and foreclosed assets	$	338	$	—
Loans transferred to other real estate owned and foreclosed assets	$	291	$	3,264
Other assets transferred to Premises and equipment	$	64	$	—
Mortgage servicing rights resulting from sale or securitization of mortgage loans	$	11,681	$	18,533

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

NOTE 1 - Organization and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FirstSun Capital Bancorp (“FirstSun” or “Parent Company” and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Sunflower Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”) and Logia Portfolio Management, LLC, and have been prepared using U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial statements. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These entities are collectively referred to as “our”, “us”, “we”, or “the Company”.

These consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for a full year presentation and certain disclosures have been condensed or omitted in accordance with rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These interim financial statements are unaudited, and include, in our opinion, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods indicated, which are not necessarily indicative of results which may be expected for the full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with FirstSun’s audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2022 (the “2021 Form 10-K”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on our net income or stockholders’ equity.

Business Combination - On April 1, 2022, FirstSun completed its previously announced Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc. (“Pioneer”). Under the Merger Agreement, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FirstSun, FSCB Merger Subsidiary, Inc., merged with and into Pioneer, with Pioneer continuing as the surviving entity and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of FirstSun (the “Merger”). Immediately after the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), Pioneer was merged with and into FirstSun, with FirstSun continuing as the surviving entity (the “second step Merger”). Immediately following the completion of the second step Merger, Pioneer’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Pioneer Bank, SSB, a Texas state savings bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank continuing as the surviving bank. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, each Pioneer shareholder had the right to receive 1.0443 shares of FirstSun common stock, for each share of Pioneer common stock owned by the shareholder, with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. Each outstanding share of FirstSun common stock remained outstanding and was unaffected by the Merger. Further information is presented in Note 2 - Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

These estimates are based on historical experience and on various assumptions about the future that are believed to be reasonable based on all available information. Our reported financial position or results of operations may be materially different under changed conditions or when using different estimates and assumptions, particularly with respect to significant accounting policies. In the event that estimates or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information.

Risks and Uncertainties - In the normal course of business, companies in the banking and mortgage industries encounter certain economic and regulatory risks. Economic risks include prepayment risk, market risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk. We are subject to interest rate risk to the extent that in a rising interest rate environment we may experience a decrease in loan production, as well as decreases in the value of mortgage loans held-for-sale and in commitments to originate loans, which may adversely impact our earnings. Credit risk is the risk of default that may result from the borrowers’ inability or unwillingness to make contractually required payments.

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investors for any losses from borrower defaults. In addition, if loans pay off within a specified time frame, we may be required to refund a portion of the sales proceeds to the investors. We established reserves for potential losses related to these representations and warranties which are recorded within accrued expenses and other liabilities. In assessing the adequacy of the reserves, we evaluate various factors including actual write-offs during the period, historical loss experience, known delinquent and other problem loans, and economic trends and conditions in the industry. Further information is presented in Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards - As an “emerging growth company” under Section 107 of the JOBS Act, we can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Therefore, we can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to non-public business entities. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period for an “emerging growth company” for as long as it is available to us. For standards that we have delayed adoption, we may lack comparability to other companies who have adopted such standards. Other than the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), there have been no material developments with respect to newly issued standards from those disclosed in our 2021 Form 10-K.

We are currently executing our implementation plan for ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) under the direction of our Chief Financial Officer and our Chief Credit Officer. As of September 30, 2022, we have performed a preliminary parallel run and completed an external model validation of our modeling framework. A separate model validation related to our probability of default and loss given default internal loan risk rating framework is nearing completion. We continue to design and implement our controls over the new allowance model framework. Based upon our preliminary parallel run we currently expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will result in an increase in our allowance for loan losses and our reserves for unfunded commitments. This increase is a result of changing from an “incurred loss” model, which encompasses allowances for current known and inherent losses within the portfolio, to an “expected loss” model, which encompasses allowances for losses expected to be incurred over the life of the portfolio. Furthermore, ASU 2016-13 will necessitate that we establish an allowance for expected credit losses for certain debt securities and other financial assets; however, we do not expect these allowances to be significant. Additionally, the adoption of ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a significant impact on our regulatory capital ratios. The ultimate impact of adoption on January 1, 2023 will be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our loan and securities portfolios as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts as of that date, notwithstanding any further refinements to our expected credit loss models.

NOTE 2 - Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc.

As described under the title “Business Combination” in Note 1 - Organization and Basis of Presentation, we completed our Merger with Pioneer on April 1, 2022. We accounted for the Pioneer Merger under the acquisition method in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the fair value of the assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, and the liabilities assumed as of the closing date of the Merger. Goodwill resulting from the difference between the fair value of the assets acquired and the fair value of the liabilities assumed is not amortizable for book or tax purposes. This goodwill resulted from the combination of expected operational synergies, the increase in our market share in Texas and other factors. Although the Merger was nontaxable, the Merger gave rise to certain temporary differences for which deferred taxes have been recognized. The results of operations for the Pioneer Merger have been included in our consolidated financial results beginning on the April 1, 2022 closing date.

Consideration

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, each outstanding share of Pioneer common stock was converted into 1.0443 shares of FirstSun common stock (except for shareholders who properly exercised their dissenters’ rights) with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. Accordingly, we issued 6,467,466 shares of our common stock to Pioneer shareholders in the Merger valued at $230,760 based on a third-party valuation of our common stock in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements as of the closing date. We also converted Pioneer stock options into 431,645 options to purchase shares of FirstSun common stock. This conversion was valued at $5,334. We also paid cash to certain Pioneer shareholders of $4,736. Total aggregate consideration paid in the Pioneer Merger was $240,830.

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Fair Value

We recorded the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on initial valuations at April 1, 2022. The determination of estimated fair value required management to make assumptions related to discount rates, expected future cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are subjective in nature and may require adjustments. Accordingly, these fair value estimates are considered preliminary as of September 30, 2022, and are subject to adjustment during the specified measurement period that ends 12 months from the closing date of the Merger.

Estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in this transaction are as follows:


	April 1, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	449,278
Investment securities	157,859
Loans held-for-sale	2,923
Loans	811,300
Premises and equipment	39,935

Bank-owned life insurance	21,382
Restricted equity securities	9,320
Core deposits and other intangible assets	11,771
Accrued interest receivable	3,947
Deferred tax assets	19,752
Prepaid expenses and other assets	7,317
Total assets acquired	1,534,784

Deposits	1,192,081
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	159,924
Accrued interest payable	407
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,975
Total liabilities assumed	1,354,387
Fair value of net assets acquired	180,397
Purchase price	240,830
Goodwill	$	60,433

Acquired loans and purchased credit impaired loans

Acquired loans were recorded at fair value based on a discounted cash flow valuation methodology that considered, among other things, projected default rates, loss given default rates and recovery rates. No allowance for loan losses was carried over from Pioneer.

We identified certain acquired loans as purchased credit impaired (PCI). PCI loan identification considered payment history and past due status, debt service coverage, loan grading, collateral values and other factors that may be an indication of a deterioration of credit quality since origination. Although we identified certain acquired loans as PCI, the

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amount was determined to be insignificant. The following table discloses the fair value and contractual value of loans acquired from Pioneer on April 1, 2022.


	Acquired Loans		Contractual Principal Balance
Commercial	$	98,351	$	98,752
Commercial real estate	509,173		516,341
Residential real estate	173,094		174,763
Consumer	30,682		31,982
Total fair value	$	811,300	$	821,838

NOTE 3 - Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair values of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities by type follows as of:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury	$	62,021	$	—	$	(5,403)	$	56,618
U.S. agency	3,242		—		(41)		3,201
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	29,860		—		(4,408)		25,452
Mortgage backed - residential	134,216		8		(15,711)		118,513
Collateralized mortgage obligations	232,970		—		(18,940)		214,030
Mortgage backed - commercial	132,358		—		(13,766)		118,592
Other debt	16,769		—		(2,010)		14,759
Total available-for-sale	$	611,436	$	8	$	(60,279)	$	551,165
Held-to-maturity:


Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	25,002	$	—	$	(4,134)	$	20,868
Mortgage backed - residential	9,091		5		(654)		8,442
Collateralized mortgage obligations	5,055		—		(269)		4,786


Total held-to-maturity	$	39,148	$	5	$	(5,057)	$	34,096
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury	$	35,400	$	—	$	(215)	$	35,185
U.S. agency	6,019		—		(100)		5,919
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,979		—		(190)		3,789
Mortgage backed - residential	138,297		2,018		(1,638)		138,677
Collateralized mortgage obligations	236,282		1,441		(1,939)		235,784
Mortgage backed - commercial	150,322		3,424		(599)		153,147

Total available-for-sale	$	570,299	$	6,883	$	(4,681)	$	572,501
Held-to-maturity:


Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	716	$	25	$	—	$	741
Mortgage backed - residential	10,750		390		—		11,140
Collateralized mortgage obligations	6,541		177		—		6,718


Total held-to-maturity	$	18,007	$	592	$	—	$	18,599

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As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

Certain debt securities that have gross unrealized losses and have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than one year follows as of:


	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury	$	25,690	$	(975)	$	30,928	$	(4,428)	$	56,618	$	(5,403)	10
U.S. agency	—		—		3,201		(41)		3,201		(41)		7
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	22,626		(3,346)		2,357		(1,062)		24,983		(4,408)		18
Mortgage backed - residential	68,299		(5,512)		49,723		(10,199)		118,022		(15,711)		86
Collateralized mortgage obligations	148,461		(6,846)		65,569		(12,094)		214,030		(18,940)		67
Mortgage backed - commercial	88,997		(10,162)		29,595		(3,604)		118,592		(13,766)		22
Other debt	14,759		(2,010)		—		—		14,759		(2,010)		9
Total available-for-sale	$	368,832	$	(28,851)	$	181,373	$	(31,428)	$	550,205	$	(60,279)	219
Held-to-maturity:


Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	20,869	$	(4,134)	$	—	$	—	$	20,869	$	(4,134)	8
Mortgage backed - residential	8,217		(654)		—		—		8,217		(654)		10
Collateralized mortgage obligations	4,786		(269)		—		—		4,786		(269)		5


Total held-to-maturity	$	33,872	$	(5,057)	$	—	$	—	$	33,872	$	(5,057)	23


	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury	$	35,185	$	(215)	$	—	$	—	$	35,185	$	(215)	4
U.S. agency	—		—		5,919		(100)		5,919		(100)		7
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,232		(190)		—		—		3,232		(190)		2
Mortgage backed - residential	51,616		(530)		25,246		(1,108)		76,862		(1,638)		17
Collateralized mortgage obligations	115,877		(1,938)		193		(1)		116,070		(1,939)		16
Mortgage backed - commercial	32,872		(581)		24,170		(18)		57,042		(599)		5

Total available-for-sale	$	238,782	$	(3,454)	$	55,528	$	(1,227)	$	294,310	$	(4,681)	51

There were no held-to-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2021.

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Estimated fair value is less than amortized cost primarily because of the rising interest rate environment and is unrelated to specific conditions of the issuer. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, management does not believe these securities are other than temporarily impaired for the following reasons: there was no significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality, or business prospects of the issuer; there was no significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the issuer; and there was no significant adverse change in the general market condition of either the geographic area or the industry in which the issuer operates. Management has the ability and intent to hold these securities and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the securities prior to maturity or until such time as the full amount of investment principal will be returned.

The amortized cost and fair value of our debt securities by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2022 are summarized in the following table. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates and do not reflect the impact of prepayments or earlier redemptions that may occur.


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale:
Due within 1 year	$	3,533	$	3,444
Due after 1 year through 5 years	45,272		43,573
Due after 5 years through 10 years	174,641		155,456
Due after 10 years	387,990		348,692
Total available-for-sale	$	611,436	$	551,165
Held-to-maturity:

Due after 1 year through 5 years	$	1,042	$	997
Due after 5 years through 10 years	668		629
Due after 10 years	37,438		32,470
Total held-to-maturity	$	39,148	$	34,096

Securities with a carrying value of $435,410 and $465,665 were pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and borrowed funds at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were proceeds from the sale of securities of $81,016. No gain or loss was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 as the securities sold were acquired at fair value on April 1, 2022 in the Pioneer Merger and were sold on April 5, 2022. There were no proceeds from sales and calls of securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

NOTE 4 - Loans

Loans held-for-investment consist of the following as of:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Commercial	$	2,742,625	$	2,414,787
Commercial real estate	1,781,791		1,176,973
Residential real estate	1,003,699		437,116
Consumer	44,358		17,766
Total loans	5,572,473		4,046,642
Deferred costs, fees, premiums, and discounts, net	(15,787)		(9,519)
Allowance for loan losses	(59,678)		(47,547)
Total loans, net	$	5,497,008	$	3,989,576

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On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law. A provision in the CARES Act created the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), a program administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) to provide loans to small business during the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $6,086 and $68,401 of PPP loans outstanding and deferred processing fees outstanding of $54 and $1,652, respectively. PPP loans are classified as Commercial loans in the consolidated financial statements. No allowance for loan losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are guaranteed by the SBA.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio type for the three months ended September 30,:


	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
2022
Allowance for loan losses:
Balance, beginning of period	$	34,987	$	18,053	$	2,719	$	318	$	56,077
Provision for loan losses	2,286		1,163		269		32		3,750
Loans charged off	(223)		—		(24)		(53)		(300)
Recoveries	112		2		1		36		151
Balance, end of period	$	37,162	$	19,218	$	2,965	$	333	$	59,678
2021
Allowance for loan losses:
Balance, beginning of period	$	28,173	$	13,149	$	1,305	$	351	$	42,978
Provision for (benefit from) loan losses	3,030		560		(31)		(59)		3,500
Loans charged off	—		—		—		(66)		(66)
Recoveries	1,440		—		3		13		1,456
Balance, end of period	$	32,643	$	13,709	$	1,277	$	239	$	47,868

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio type for the nine months ended September 30,:


	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
2022
Allowance for loan losses:
Balance, beginning of period	$	33,277	$	12,899	$	1,136	$	235	$	47,547
Provision for loan losses	4,223		6,316		1,755		156		12,450
Loans charged off	(2,173)		—		(122)		(117)		(2,412)
Recoveries	1,835		3		196		59		2,093
Balance, end of period	$	37,162	$	19,218	$	2,965	$	333	$	59,678
2021
Allowance for loan losses:
Balance, beginning of period	$	32,009	$	13,863	$	1,606	$	288	$	47,766
Provision for (benefit from) loan losses	2,210		(163)		(350)		53		1,750
Loans charged off	(3,102)		—		(2)		(138)		(3,242)
Recoveries	1,526		9		23		36		1,594
Balance, end of period	$	32,643	$	13,709	$	1,277	$	239	$	47,868

We determine the allowance for loan losses estimate on at least a quarterly basis.

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The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment by portfolio type based on impairment method as of:


	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Total
September 30, 2022
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	16,560	$	11,108	$	14,132	$	87	$	41,887
Collectively evaluated for impairment	2,726,065		1,770,683		989,567		44,271		5,530,586
Total loans	$	2,742,625	$	1,781,791	$	1,003,699	$	44,358	$	5,572,473
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,034	$	188	$	29	$	84	$	1,335
Collectively evaluated for impairment	36,128		19,030		2,936		249		58,343
Total allowance for loan losses	$	37,162	$	19,218	$	2,965	$	333	$	59,678
December 31, 2021
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	17,460	$	4,781	$	11,479	$	2	$	33,722
Collectively evaluated for impairment	2,397,327		1,172,192		425,637		17,764		4,012,920
Total loans	$	2,414,787	$	1,176,973	$	437,116	$	17,766	$	4,046,642
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	2,517	$	12	$	39	$	—	$	2,568
Collectively evaluated for impairment	30,760		12,887		1,097		235		44,979
Total allowance for loan losses	$	33,277	$	12,899	$	1,136	$	235	$	47,547

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The following table presents information related to impaired loans by class of loans as of:


	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated		Average Recorded Investment
September 30, 2022
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial	$	13,937	$	13,438	$	—	$	9,609
Commercial real estate	10,693		10,312		—		5,031
Residential real estate	13,939		14,103		—		8,818
Consumer	—		—		—		—
Total loans with no related allowance recorded	38,569		37,853		—		23,458
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial	3,256		3,122		1,034		2,426
Commercial real estate	796		796		188		265
Residential real estate	29		29		29		10
Consumer	87		87		84		29
Total loans with an allowance recorded	4,168		4,034		1,335		2,730
Total impaired loans	$	42,737	$	41,887	$	1,335	$	26,188
December 31, 2021
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial	$	14,619	$	13,982	$	—	$	10,637
Commercial real estate	4,795		4,706		—		3,943
Residential real estate	10,754		10,808		—		7,223
Consumer	3		2		—		3
Total loans with no related allowance recorded	30,171		29,498		—		21,806
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial	3,666		3,478		2,517		2,375
Commercial real estate	124		75		12		57
Residential real estate	665		671		39		462

Total loans with an allowance recorded	4,455		4,224		2,568		2,894
Total impaired loans	$	34,626	$	33,722	$	2,568	$	24,700

Interest income recorded on impaired loans was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Credit risk monitoring and management is a continuous process to manage the quality of the loan portfolio. We segment loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt including current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends among other factors. The risk rating system is used as a tool to analyze and monitor loan portfolio quality. Risk ratings meeting an internally specified exposure threshold are updated annually, or more frequently upon the occurrence of a circumstance that affects the credit risk of the loan. We use the following definitions for risk ratings:

Substandard - loans are considered “classified” and have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, such as loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans are also characterized by the distinct possibility of loss in the future if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - loans are considered “classified” and have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. There were no loans categorized as doubtful as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

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Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass-rated loans.

The following table presents the credit risk profile of our loan portfolio based on our rating categories as of:


	Non-Classified		Classified		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial	$	2,710,397	$	32,228	$	2,742,625
Commercial real estate	1,750,480		31,311		1,781,791
Residential real estate	994,835		8,864		1,003,699
Consumer	44,270		88		44,358
Total loans	$	5,499,982	$	72,491	$	5,572,473
December 31, 2021
Commercial	$	2,384,275	$	30,512	$	2,414,787
Commercial real estate	1,146,673		30,300		1,176,973
Residential real estate	431,033		6,083		437,116
Consumer	17,762		4		17,766
Total loans	$	3,979,743	$	66,899	$	4,046,642

The following table presents our loan portfolio aging analysis as of:


	Loans Not Past Due		Loans 30-59 Days Past Due		Loans 60-89 Days Past Due		Loans Greater than 90 Days Past Due, Still Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial	$	2,720,683	$	4,431	$	1,505	$	261	$	15,745	$	2,742,625
Commercial real estate	1,771,809		681		365		—		8,936		1,781,791
Residential real estate	988,528		2,027		4,142		198		8,804		1,003,699
Consumer	44,230		41		—		—		87		44,358
Total loans	$	5,525,250	$	7,180	$	6,012	$	459	$	33,572	$	5,572,473
December 31, 2021
Commercial	$	2,392,205	$	5,467	$	623	$	—	$	16,492	$	2,414,787
Commercial real estate	1,160,244		10,887		—		1,061		4,781		1,176,973
Residential real estate	424,860		5,794		410		—		6,052		437,116
Consumer	17,719		45		—		—		2		17,766
Total loans	$	3,995,028	$	22,193	$	1,033	$	1,061	$	27,327	$	4,046,642

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we have a recorded investment in troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) of $18,495 and $21,699, respectively. We have no commitments to lend additional amounts on our TDRs at September 30, 2022.

The modification of the terms of the loans performed for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, included rate modifications, extensions of the maturity dates or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loans.

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The following table presents loans by class modified as TDRs that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021:


	Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
September 30, 2022
Commercial	1	$	248	$	198

Residential real estate	1	126		126
Consumer	1	72		72
Total	3	$	446	$	396
December 31, 2021
Commercial	7	$	6,969	$	6,178
Commercial real estate	1	2,295		2,265
Residential real estate	4	1,386		1,435

Total	12	$	10,650	$	9,878

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the TDRs increased the allowance for loan losses by $797 and $2,326, respectively. There were no amounts charged-off during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2021, there were loans modified as TDRs totaling $106 for which there was a payment default following the modification.

In order to assess whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed to determine the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under our internal underwriting policy.

A loan is generally considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

Acquired Loans and Loan Discounts:

Included in the net loan portfolio as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is a net accretable discount related to loans acquired within a business combination in the approximate amounts of $9,768 and $571, respectively. The discount is accreted into income on a level-yield basis over the life of the loans.

Loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration at acquisition, for which it was probable that we would not be able to collect all contractual amounts due, were accounted for as purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans. The outstanding balance represents the total amount owed, including accrued but unpaid interest, and any amounts previously charged off. The carrying amount of purchased credit impaired loans was not significant as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

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NOTE 5 - Mortgage Servicing Rights

We have investments in mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) that result from the sale of loans to the secondary market for which we retain the servicing. We account for these MSRs at their fair value. A primary risk associated with MSRs is the potential reduction in fair value as a result of higher than anticipated prepayments due to loan refinancing prompted, in part, by declining interest rates or government intervention. Conversely, these assets generally increase in value in a rising interest rate environment to the extent that prepayments are slower than anticipated. We utilize derivatives as economic hedges to offset changes in the fair value of the MSRs resulting from the actual or anticipated changes in prepayments stemming from changing interest rate environments.

The unpaid principal loan balance of our servicing portfolio is presented in the following table as of:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Federal National Mortgage Association	$	2,499,105	$	2,352,981
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	1,627,381		1,512,858
Government National Mortgage Association	852,490		759,524
Federal Home Loan Bank	114,747		134,616
Other	1,443		1,853
Total	$	5,095,166	$	4,761,832

The activity of MSRs carried at fair value is as follows:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Balance, beginning of period	$	66,047	$	40,844	$	47,392	$	29,144
Additions:

Servicing resulting from transfers of financial assets	3,489		5,303		11,681		18,533


Changes in fair value:
Due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model	6,270		948		21,142		5,209
Changes in fair value due to pay-offs, pay-downs, and runoff	(1,956)		(3,124)		(6,365)		(8,915)
Balance, end of period	$	73,850	$	43,971	$	73,850	$	43,971

The following represents the weighted-average key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of MSRs as of:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2021
Discount rate	9.34	%	9.22	%	9.22	%
Total prepayment speeds	7.43	%	11.52	%	12.15	%
Cost of servicing each loan	$87/per loan		$85/per loan		$86/per loan

Total servicing and ancillary fees earned from the mortgage servicing portfolio is presented in the following table:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

Servicing fees	$	4,111	$	3,101	$	10,807	$	8,853
Late and ancillary fees	123		118		264		317
Total	$	4,234	$	3,219	$	11,071	$	9,170

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NOTE 6 - Derivative Financial Instruments

Banking Derivative Financial Instruments:

We use fair value hedges to seek to manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of certain recognized assets attributable to changes in a benchmark interest rate, such as SOFR. The fair value hedges were determined to be effective during all periods presented and we expect the hedges to remain effective during their remaining terms.

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service we provide to certain customers. We execute interest rate swaps with banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously offset by derivatives that we execute with a third party, such that we minimize our net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.

Derivative instruments are measured at fair value and recorded as a component of prepaid expenses and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities.

The components of our banking derivative financial instruments consisted of the following as of:


	Number of Transactions	Expiration Dates	Outstanding Notional		Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2022
Derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments:
Assets:
Interest Rate Products	32	2028-2036	$	204,216	$	16,717


Derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Assets:
Interest Rate Products	41	2024-2037	$	275,765	$	26,642
Liabilities:
Interest Rate Products	41	2024-2037	$	275,765	$	25,987
December 31, 2021
Derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments:
Assets:
Interest Rate Products	1	2029	$	20,190	$	1,213
Liabilities:
Interest Rate Products	12	2022-2029	$	179,431	$	7,107
Derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Assets:
Interest Rate Products	38	2024-2036	$	232,849	$	6,923
Liabilities:
Interest Rate Products	38	2024-2036	$	232,849	$	7,366

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We recorded gains and losses on banking derivative assets and liabilities as follows:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Recorded gain (loss) on banking derivative assets	$	15,123	$	(186)	$	30,192	$	(420)
Recorded (loss) gain on banking derivative liabilities	$	(14,771)	$	337	$	(29,095)	$	926

For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, our banking derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments generated fee income of $492 and $246, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, our banking derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments generated fee income of $1,294 and $1,080, respectively.

The carrying amount of hedged loans receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $144,506 and $205,235, respectively. The cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged loans receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $(13,491) and $5,614, respectively.

The carrying amount of hedged securities available-for-sale as of September 30, 2022 was $36,268. The cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment, net of tax included in other comprehensive income (loss) as of September 30, 2022 was $2,536. There were no hedged securities available-for-sale as of December 31, 2021.

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features:

We have agreements with each of our derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if we either default or are capable of being declared in default on any of our indebtedness, then we could also be declared in default on our derivative obligations.

We also have agreements with our derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if we fail to maintain our status as a well-capitalized institution, then our derivative counterparties have the right but not the obligation to terminate existing swaps. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $26,125 and $14,882, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we have minimum collateral posting thresholds with our derivative counterparties and have posted collateral of $9,090 and $14,970, respectively. If we had breached any of these provisions at September 30, 2022, we could have been required to settle our obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $26,125.

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Mortgage Banking Derivative Financial Instruments:

The components of our mortgage banking derivative financial instruments consisted of the following as of:


	Expiration Dates	Outstanding Notional		Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2022
Derivative financial instruments
Assets:
Forward MBS trades	2022	$	123,000	$	5,012


Liabilities:
Forward MBS trades	2022	$	20,300	$	845

Interest rate lock commitments (IRLC)	2022	$	99,368	$	1,439
December 31, 2021
Derivative financial instruments
Assets:
Forward MBS trades	2022	$	450,600	$	1,329
Interest rate lock commitments (IRLC)	2022	$	142,334	$	1,350

Liabilities:
Forward MBS trades	2022	$	16,600	$	52

We recorded gains and losses on mortgage banking derivative assets and liabilities as follows:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Recorded gain (loss) on mortgage banking derivative assets	$	3,277	$	9,175	$	5,189	$	(302)
Recorded loss on mortgage banking derivative liabilities	$	(2,844)	$	(10,241)	$	(16,940)	$	(7,714)

NOTE 7 - Deposits

The composition of our deposits is as follows as of:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Noninterest-bearing demand deposit accounts	$	1,946,215	$	1,566,113
Interest-bearing deposit accounts:
Interest-bearing demand accounts	160,082		187,712
Savings accounts and money market accounts	3,008,433		2,757,882
NOW accounts	46,128		19,496
Certificate of deposit accounts:
Less than $100	216,331		147,386
$100 through $250	224,999		103,082
Greater than $250	158,230		73,277
Total interest-bearing deposit accounts	3,814,203		3,288,835
Total deposits	$	5,760,418	$	4,854,948

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The following table summarizes the interest expense incurred on our deposits:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest-bearing deposit accounts:
Interest-bearing demand accounts	$	449	$	89	$	733	$	300
Savings accounts and money market accounts	1,859		1,155		4,095		3,668
NOW accounts	46		50		115		336
Certificate of deposit accounts	920		684		2,077		2,427
Total interest-bearing deposit accounts	$	3,274	$	1,978	$	7,020	$	6,731

The remaining maturity on certificate of deposit accounts is as follows as of:


	September 30, 2022
Remainder of 2022	$	1,085
2023	382,847
2024	119,617
2025	71,858
2026	13,429
2027	7,629
Thereafter	3,095
Total certificate of deposit accounts	$	599,560

NOTE 8 - Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

Information concerning securities sold under agreements to repurchase is as follows as of and for the periods ended:


	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Amount outstanding at period-end	$	51,256		$	92,093
Average daily balance during the period	$	59,573		$	125,867
Average interest rate during the period	0.22		%	0.05		%
Maximum month-end balance during the period	$	70,838		$	160,865
Weighted average interest rate at period-end	0.40		%	0.05		%

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, such agreements were secured by investment and mortgage-related securities with an approximate carrying amount of $58,642 and $108,714, respectively. Pledged securities are maintained by safekeeping agents at the direction of the Bank. Our agreements to repurchase generally mature daily, and are considered to be in an overnight and continuous position.

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NOTE 9 - Debt

FHLB advances:

The following is a breakdown of our FHLB advances and other borrowings outstanding as of:


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Amount		Rate	Weighted Average Rate	Amount		Rate	Weighted Average Rate
Variable rate line-of-credit advance	$	170,884	2.42% - 3.16%	3%	$	—	N/A	N/A
Fixed rate term advances	$	139,988	1.56% - 1.90%	1.77%	$	40,000	0.91% - 2.59%	1.49%
	$	310,872			$	40,000

The advances were collateralized by $1,546,157 and $1,180,493 of loans pledged to the FHLB as collateral as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

A $50.0 million advance at an interest rate of 1.56% that was scheduled to mature in 2033 was called by the FHLB and repaid in October 2022. A $65.0 million advance at an interest rate of 1.90% that was scheduled to mature in 2033 was called by the FHLB and repaid in November 2022. The remaining fixed rate advance is callable by the FHLB and is due in 2033.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Bank had total borrowing capacity with the FHLB that is based on qualified collateral lending values of $954,016 and $597,915, respectively. Our additional borrowing availability with the FHLB at September 30, 2022 was $659,479. These borrowings can be in the form of additional term advances or a line-of-credit.

FRB advances:

We also had a $6,499 line-of-credit with the FRB. The agreement bears interest at the Fed Funds target rate plus 0.50% and is secured by municipal, agency, mortgage-related and corporate securities. The entire line was available at September 30, 2022.

Other borrowings:

We have lines-of-credit with certain other financial institutions totaling $155,000 as of September 30, 2022. No amounts were drawn on these lines-of-credit in 2022.

Convertible Notes Payable:

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we have issued a total of $5,456 and $20,673, respectively, of convertible notes with a maturity date of August 31, 2023. The annual interest rate on these convertible notes is 3.29% with quarterly interest payments. With respect to conversion, each $1 (in thousands) principal amount of the convertible notes can be converted to 15.6717 shares of Parent Company common stock at any time until maturity.

The convertible notes were originally recorded with a discount of $4,682. As of and for the periods ended September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the debt discount on the convertible notes was $139 and $1,231, respectively. The related accretion for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $38 and $186, respectively. The related accretion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $1,093 and $559, respectively.

Subordinated Debt:

Subordinated Notes - 2020:

In June and August 2020, we issued a total of $40,000 subordinated notes. The notes pay interest at a fixed rate of 6.00% through June 30, 2025 and subsequently, until maturity, pay interest at a floating rate of three month term SOFR plus 5.89% reset quarterly. Interest is payable on July 1 and January 1 of each year. Such notes are due on July 1, 2030. The notes are not redeemable within the first five years of issuance, except under certain very limited conditions. After five years, we may redeem the notes at our discretion. We incurred and capitalized $933 of costs related to the issuance of the subordinated notes. The amortization associated with the capitalized issuance costs is not significant for the periods presented.

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Subordinated Note - 2022 :

On January 13, 2022, we issued a subordinated note totaling $25,000. The note pays interest at a fixed rate of 3.375% through January 15, 2027 and subsequently, until maturity, pays interest at a floating rate of three month term SOFR plus 2.03% reset quarterly. Interest is payable on July 15 and January 15 of each year. Such note is due on January 15, 2032. The note is not redeemable within the first five years of issuance, except under certain very limited conditions. After five years, we may redeem the note at our discretion. We incurred and capitalized $534 of costs related to the issuance of the subordinated note in the first quarter of 2022. The amortization associated with the capitalized issuance costs is not significant for the periods presented.

Trust preferred securities:

We have issued $9,279 in trust preferred securities through a special-purpose trust, New Mexico Banquest Capital Trust I (“NMBCT I”). In addition, we have issued $4,640 in trust preferred securities through a special purpose trust, New Mexico Banquest Capital Trust II (“NMBCT II”, and together with NMBCT I, collectively referred to as “NMBCT Trusts”). Interest is payable quarterly at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus 3.35% (5.60% and 3.50% as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively) for the trust preferred securities issued through NMBCT I and at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.00% (4.96% and 2.15% as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively) for the trust preferred securities issued through NMBCT II.

This subordinated debt of $13,919 was originally recorded at a discount of $4,293. The accretion associated with the fair value discount is not significant for the periods presented.

The Parent Company fully and unconditionally guarantees the obligations of the NMBCT Trusts on a subordinated basis. The trust preferred securities issued through the NMBCT Trusts are mandatorily redeemable upon the maturity of the debentures on December 19, 2032 and November 23, 2034, respectively, and are optionally redeemable, in part or in whole, by the Parent Company at each quarterly interest payment date. The Parent Company owns all of the outstanding common securities of the NMBCT Trusts, which have an aggregate liquidation valuation amount of $419 and is recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The NMBCT Trusts are considered variable interest entities. Since the Parent Company is not the primary beneficiary of the NMBCT Trusts, the financial statements of the NMBCT Trusts are not included in our consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 10 - Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share, excluding dilution, is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders’ by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that could then share in our earnings.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income applicable to common stockholders	$	26,513	$	8,728	$	34,612	$	34,347
Weighted Average Shares
Weighted average common shares outstanding	24,877,607		18,321,659		22,685,496		18,321,659
Effect of dilutive securities
Stock-based awards	531,208		449,022		596,437		440,838
Convertible notes payable	85,500		—		—		—
Weighted average diluted common shares	25,494,315		18,770,681		23,281,933		18,762,497
Earnings per common share
Basic earnings per common share	$	1.07	$	0.48	$	1.53	$	1.87
Effect of dilutive securities
Stock-based awards	(0.03)		(0.02)		(0.04)		(0.04)
Diluted earnings per common share	$	1.04	$	0.46	$	1.49	$	1.83

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Convertible notes payable for 85,500 shares of common stock were not considered in computing diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and for 323,984 shares of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, because they were antidilutive. Stock-based awards for 845 and 34,828 shares of common stock were not considered in computing diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, because they were antidilutive.

NOTE 11 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table sets forth the components in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Securities available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period	$	(40,535)	$	7,142	$	1,664	$	9,119
Unrealized (loss) gain	(6,613)		349		(62,473)		(2,270)
Income tax effect	1,506		(86)		15,167		556
Net unrealized (loss) gain	(5,107)		263		(47,306)		(1,714)


Balance, end of period	$	(45,642)	$	7,405	$	(45,642)	$	7,405

Fair value hedges of securities available-for-sale:
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,098	$	—	$	—	$	—
Unrealized gain	1,821		—		3,211		—
Income tax effect	(383)		—		(675)		—
Net unrealized gain	1,438		—		2,536		—


Balance, end of period	$	2,536	$	—	$	2,536	$	—

NOTE 12 - Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Incentive Plans:

We have established the FirstSun Capital Bancorp 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other stock awards to its employees, directors and consultants for up to 1,977,292 shares of FirstSun common stock in the aggregate.

On October 18, 2021 we established the FirstSun Capital Bancorp 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other stock awards to its employees, directors and consultants for up to 2,476,571 shares of FirstSun common stock in the aggregate. Additionally, we established the FirstSun Capital Bancorp Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”), which became effective April 1, 2022. The LTIP is intended to qualify as a “top-hat” plan under ERISA that is unfunded and provides benefits only to a select group of management or highly compensated employees of FirstSun or the Bank. The equity component of awards under the LTIP are issued from the 2021 Plan.

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The following table presents stock options outstanding under the 2017 Plan at September 30, 2022. There were no grants or forfeitures during the nine months ended September 30, 2022:


	Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price, per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
September 30, 2022
Outstanding, beginning of period	1,412,900	$	20.19
Exercised	(67,976)	19.72


Outstanding, end of period	1,344,924	$	20.21	5.49
Options vested or expected to vest	1,412,900	$	20.19
Options exercisable, end of period	1,228,041	$	20.02	5.29

At September 30, 2022, there was $720 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the 2017 Plan. The unrecognized compensation cost at September 30, 2022 is expected to be recognized over the following three years. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the intrinsic value of the stock options was $14,237 and $18,042, respectively.

In May 2022, we issued 11,344 shares of restricted stock from the 2021 Plan that will fully vest in May 2023. At September 30, 2022, there was $2,423 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested restricted stock.

In May 2022, we issued performance-based restricted stock under the LTIP that, subject to the achievement of performance conditions, will fully vest in April 2025. At September 30, 2022, we determined it is probable that 81,484 shares will be issued based upon the probability that the performance conditions will be achieved. At September 30, 2022, there was $236 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the non-vested restricted stock granted under the 2021 Plan.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded total compensation cost from the 2017 and 2021 Plans of $473 and $348, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded total compensation cost from the 2017 and 2021 Plans of $1,093 and $1,501, respectively.

In conjunction with the Pioneer Merger, we assumed certain options that had been granted under Pioneer’s option plans. All assumed options were fully vested and exercisable. No further options will be granted under the Pioneer plans. The following table presents options assumed in the Pioneer Merger and the activity from Merger date through September 30, 2022:


	Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price, per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
September 30, 2022
Outstanding, beginning of period	—	$	—
Options assumed from Pioneer Bancshares, Inc.	431,645	23.32
Exercised	(255,453)	23.44


Outstanding, vested, and exercisable, end of period	176,192	$	23.12	5.61

At September 30, 2022, the intrinsic value of the stock options was $1,346.

NOTE 13 - Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes in interim periods requires us to make a best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year, adjusted for any discrete items for the applicable period. This estimated effective tax rate is then applied to interim consolidated pre-tax operating income to determine the interim provision for income taxes.

The provision for income tax is summarized as follows:

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	For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021



Provision for income taxes	$	7,628		$	1,851		$	8,559		$	7,159
Effective tax provision rate	22.3		%	17.5		%	19.8		%	17.2		%

We do not believe that we have any material uncertain tax positions, and do not expect any material changes during the next twelve months.

NOTE 14 - Regulatory Capital Matters

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action.

Under the Basel III rules, the Parent Company and the Bank must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The fully phased in capital conservation buffer is 2.50% for all periods presented.

The net unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital. As of September 30, 2022, both the Parent Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well-capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

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Actual and required capital amounts for the Parent Company are as follows as of:


	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes				To be Well- Capitalized under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount	Ratio
September 30, 2022
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets:	$	791,066	12.06	%	$	524,601	8.00	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets:	$	655,345	9.99	%	$	393,451	6.00	%	N/A	N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) to risk-weighted assets:	$	655,345	9.99	%	$	295,088	4.50	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets:	$	655,345	9.55	%	$	274,564	4.00	%	N/A	N/A
December 31, 2021
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets:	$	563,112	11.76	%	$	383,213	8.00	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets:	$	464,761	9.70	%	$	287,410	6.00	%	N/A	N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) to risk-weighted assets:	$	464,761	9.70	%	$	215,557	4.50	%	N/A	N/A
Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets:	$	464,761	8.24	%	$	225,736	4.00	%	N/A	N/A

Actual and required capital amounts for the Bank are as follows as of:


	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes				To be Well- Capitalized under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
September 30, 2022
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets:	$	776,038	11.86	%	$	523,395	8.00	%	$	654,243	10.00	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets:	$	715,097	10.93	%	$	392,546	6.00	%	$	523,395	8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) to risk-weighted assets:	$	715,097	10.93	%	$	294,409	4.50	%	$	425,258	6.50	%
Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets:	$	715,097	10.42	%	$	274,489	4.00	%	$	343,112	5.00	%
December 31, 2021
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets:	$	571,463	11.96	%	$	382,106	8.00	%	$	477,633	10.00	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets:	$	523,128	10.95	%	$	286,580	6.00	%	$	382,106	8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) to risk-weighted assets:	$	523,128	10.95	%	$	214,935	4.50	%	$	310,462	6.50	%
Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets:	$	523,128	9.27	%	$	225,650	4.00	%	$	282,062	5.00	%

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NOTE 15 - Fair Value Measurements

We utilize fair value measurements to record or disclose the fair value on certain assets and liabilities. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The determination of fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. In cases where quoted market values in an active market are not available, we use present value techniques and other valuation methods to estimate the fair values of our financial instruments. These valuation models rely on market-based parameters when available, such as interest rate yield curves or credit spreads. Unobservable inputs may be based on management’s judgement assumptions and estimates related to credit quality, our future earnings, interest rates and other relevant inputs. These valuation methods require considerable judgement and the resulting estimates of fair value can be significantly affected by the assumptions made and the methods used.

ASC Topic 820 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The hierarchy is based on the transparency of the inputs used in the valuation process with the highest priority given to quoted prices available in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs where no active market exists. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own beliefs about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input within the valuation hierarchy that is significant to the overall fair value measurement. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of the reporting period.

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The following table sets forth our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets		Significant other observable inputs		Significant unobservable inputs		Total Estimated Fair Value
As of September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale securities	$	56,618	$	494,547	$	—	$	551,165
Loans held-for-sale	—		67,535		—		67,535
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		73,850		73,850
Derivative financial instruments - assets	—		48,371		—		48,371
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities	—		(28,271)		—		(28,271)
Total	$	56,618	$	582,182	$	73,850	$	712,650

As of December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale securities	$	35,185	$	537,316	$	—	$	572,501
Loans held-for-sale	—		103,939		—		103,939
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		47,392		47,392
Derivative financial instruments - assets	—		10,815		—		10,815
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities	—		(14,525)		—		(14,525)
Total	$	35,185	$	637,545	$	47,392	$	720,122

For further details on our level 3 inputs related to MSRs, see Note 5 - Mortgage Servicing Rights.

The following table presents a reconciliation for our Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Balance, beginning of period	$	66,047	$	40,844	$	47,392	$	29,144
Total gains (losses) included in earnings	4,314		(2,176)		14,777		(3,706)
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements:

Issuances	3,489		5,303		11,681		18,533


Balance, end of period	$	73,850	$	43,971	$	73,850	$	43,971

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Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are regularly measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The following table sets forth our assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of:


	Level 3
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Impaired loans:
Commercial	$	2,088	$	961
Commercial real estate	608		63
Residential real estate	—		632
Consumer	3		—
Total impaired loans	$	2,699	$	1,656

Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets, net:

Commercial real estate	$	5,391	$	5,067
Residential real estate	—		420

Total other real estate owned and foreclosed assets, net:	$	5,391	$	5,487

The fair value of the financial assets in the table above utilize the market approach valuation technique, with discount adjustments for differences between comparable sales.

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Fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value:

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value are as follows as of:


			Estimated Fair Value
	Carrying Value		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2022
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	325,039	$	325,039	$	325,039	$	—	$	—
Securities held-to-maturity	39,148		34,096		—		34,096		—
Loans (excluding impaired loans)	5,515,103		5,375,203		—		—		5,375,203
Restricted equity securities	34,877		34,877		—		34,877		—
Accrued interest receivable	24,964		24,964		—		2,415		22,549

Liabilities:
Deposits (excluding demand deposits)	$	3,654,121	$	3,614,346	$	—	$	3,614,346	$	—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	51,256		51,256		—		51,256		—
FHLB advances	310,872		310,872		—		310,872		—

Convertible notes payable, net	5,317		5,340		—		5,340		—
Subordinated debt, net	74,780		83,795		—		83,795		—
Accrued interest payable	3,073		3,073		—		3,073		—

December 31, 2021
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	668,462	$	668,462	$	668,462	$	—	$	—
Securities held-to-maturity	18,007		18,599		—		18,599		—
Loans (excluding impaired loans)	4,003,712		3,949,719		—		—		3,949,719
Restricted equity securities	16,239		16,239		—		16,239		—
Accrued interest receivable	14,761		14,761		—		1,131		13,630

Liabilities:
Deposits (excluding demand deposits)	$	3,101,123	$	3,106,464	$	—	$	3,106,464	$	—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	92,093		92,093		—		92,093		—
FHLB advances	40,000		41,514		—		41,514		—

Convertible notes payable, net	19,442		21,564		—		21,564		—
Subordinated debt, net	50,016		52,264		—		52,264		—
Accrued interest payable	2,369		2,369		—		2,369		—

NOTE 16 - Segment Information

Our operations are conducted through two operating segments: Banking and Mortgage Operations. Corporate represents costs not allocated to the operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activity from which revenues are earned and expenses are incurred for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by executive management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Operating segments have been determined based on the products and services offered and reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Each segment operates under the same banking charter, but is reported on a segmented basis for this report. Each of the operating segments is complementary to each other and because of the interrelationship of the segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.

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The Banking segment originates loans and provides deposits and fee based services to consumer, business, and mortgage lending customers. Products offered include a full range of commercial and consumer banking and financial services. The interest income on loans held-for-investment is recognized in the Banking segment, excluding newly originated residential first mortgages within the Mortgage Operations segment.

The Mortgage Operations segment originates, sells, services, and manages market risk from changes in interest rates on one-to-four family residential mortgage loans to sell or hold on our balance sheet. Loans originated-to-sell comprise the majority of the lending activity. The Mortgage Operations segment recognizes interest income on loans that are held-for-sale and newly originated residential mortgages held-for-investment, the gains from one to four family residential mortgage sales, and revenue for servicing loans and other ancillary fees following a sales transaction. Revenue from servicing activities is earned on a contractual fee basis. The Mortgage Operations segment services loans for the held-for-investment portfolio, for which it earns revenue via an intercompany service fee allocation which appears as a cost to Banking in mortgage fees. Forward traded loan purchases and sales settlements as well as mortgage servicing rights and related fair value adjustments are reported in this segment.

Corporate represents miscellaneous other expenses of a corporate nature as well as revenue and expenses not directly assigned or allocated to the Banking or Mortgage Operations segments. The majority of executive management’s time is spent managing operating segments; related costs have been allocated between the operating segments and Corporate.

Revenues are comprised of net interest income before the provision (benefit) for loan losses and noninterest income. Noninterest expenses are allocated to each operating segment. Provision for loan losses is primarily allocated to the Banking segment. Allocation methodologies may be subject to periodic adjustment as management systems evolve and/or the business or product lines within the segments change.

Significant segment totals are reconciled to the financial statements as follows for the three months ended September 30,


	Banking		Mortgage Operations		Corporate		Total Segments
2022
Summary of Operations
Net interest income	$	68,159	$	1,492	$	(1,165)	$	68,486

Provision for loan losses	3,223		527		—		3,750

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	4,807		—		—		4,807
Credit and debit card fees	3,103		—		—		3,103
Trust and investment advisory fees	1,552		—		—		1,552
Income from mortgage banking services, net	(701)		14,486		—		13,785
Other noninterest income	1,706		—		—		1,706
Total noninterest income	10,467		14,486		—		24,953

Noninterest expense:
Salary and employee benefits	23,210		8,922		376		32,508
Occupancy and equipment	7,190		988		38		8,216
Other noninterest expenses	11,146		3,314		364		14,824
Total noninterest expense	41,546		13,224		778		55,548

Income (loss) before income taxes	$	33,857	$	2,227	$	(1,943)	$	34,141

Other Information
Depreciation expense	$	1,839	$	81	$	—	$	1,920
Identifiable assets	$	6,315,984	$	693,473	$	43,460	$	7,052,917

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	Banking		Mortgage Operations		Corporate		Total Segments
2021
Summary of Operations
Net interest income	$	39,297	$	1,810	$	(1,142)	$	39,965

Provision for (benefit from) loan losses	3,543		(43)		—		3,500

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	3,471		—		—		3,471
Credit and debit card fees	2,472		—		—		2,472
Trust and investment advisory fees	1,974		—		—		1,974
Income from mortgage banking services, net	(406)		20,557		—		20,151
Other noninterest income	616		—		—		616
Total noninterest income	8,127		20,557		—		28,684

Noninterest expense:
Salary and employee benefits	22,604		13,166		291		36,061
Occupancy	5,854		787		2		6,643
Other noninterest expenses	8,361		2,915		590		11,866
Total noninterest expense	36,819		16,868		883		54,570

Income (loss) before income taxes	$	7,062	$	5,542	$	(2,025)	$	10,579

Other Information
Depreciation expense	$	1,516	$	21	$	—	$	1,537
Identifiable assets	$	5,070,287	$	578,475	$	34,323	$	5,683,085

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Significant segment totals are reconciled to the financial statements as follows for the nine months ended September 30,:


	Banking		Mortgage Operations		Corporate		Total Segments
2022
Summary of Operations
Net interest income	$	167,606	$	5,193	$	(4,443)	$	168,356

Provision for loan losses	9,853		2,597		—		12,450

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	13,111		—		—		13,111
Credit and debit card fees	8,508		—		—		8,508
Trust and investment advisory fees	5,408		—		—		5,408
Income from mortgage banking services, net	(1,972)		41,989		—		40,017
Other noninterest income	3,913		(9)		—		3,904
Total noninterest income	28,968		41,980		—		70,948

Noninterest expense:
Salary and employee benefits	69,880		30,854		1,247		101,981
Occupancy and equipment	19,937		2,826		39		22,802
Other noninterest expenses	46,203		10,439		2,258		58,900
Total noninterest expense	136,020		44,119		3,544		183,683

Income (loss) before income taxes	$	50,701	$	457	$	(7,987)	$	43,171

Other Information
Depreciation expense	$	5,011	$	294	$	—	$	5,305
Identifiable assets	$	6,315,984	$	693,473	$	43,460	$	7,052,917

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	Banking		Mortgage Operations		Corporate		Total Segments
2021
Summary of Operations
Net interest income	$	112,517	$	5,674	$	(3,409)	$	114,782

Provision for (benefit from) loan losses	2,124		(374)		—		1,750

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	8,659		—		—		8,659
Credit and debit card fees	7,140		—		—		7,140
Trust and investment advisory fees	5,871		—		—		5,871
Income from mortgage banking services, net	(1,516)		69,660		—		68,144
Other noninterest income	5,041		(7)		—		5,034
Total noninterest income	25,195		69,653		—		94,848

Noninterest expense:
Salary and employee benefits	70,111		42,238		780		113,129
Occupancy	17,535		2,329		3		19,867
Other noninterest expenses	22,072		9,237		2,069		33,378
Total noninterest expense	109,718		53,804		2,852		166,374

Income (loss) before income taxes	$	25,870	$	21,897	$	(6,261)	$	41,506

Other Information
Depreciation expense	$	4,428	$	288	$	—	$	4,716
Identifiable assets	$	5,070,287	$	578,475	$	34,323	$	5,683,085

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NOTE 17 - Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments:

We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include loan commitments, standby letters of credit, and documentary letters of credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the financial statements. Our exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party of these loan commitments and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. We use the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance sheet financial instruments.

Operating leases:

We lease certain facilities and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. Operating lease amounts exclude renewal option periods, property taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses on leased properties. Our facility leases typically provide for rental adjustments for increases in base rent (up to specific limits), property taxes, insurance, and general property maintenance that would be recorded in rent expense. Rent expense was $2,063 and $1,641 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Rent expense was $5,839 and $4,955 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Undistributed portion of committed loans and unused lines of credit:

Loan commitments are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no customer violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require a payment of a fee. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, commitments included the funding of fixed-rate loans totaling $215,851 and $144,701 and variable-rate loans totaling $1,676,927 and $987,584, respectively. The fixed-rate loan commitments have interest rates ranging from 1.00% to 18.00% at September 30, 2022 and 0.85% to 18.00% at December 31, 2021, and maturities ranging from 1 month to 15 years at September 30, 2022 and from 1 month to 26 years at December 31, 2021.

Standby letters of credit:

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Since many of the loan commitments and letters of credit expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, owner-occupied real estate, and/or income-producing commercial properties. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our standby letters of credit commitment totaled $17,950 and $11,729, respectively.

MPF Master Commitments:

The Bank has previously executed MPF Master Commitments (Commitments) with the FHLB to deliver mortgage loans and to guarantee the payment of any realized losses that exceed the FHLB’s first loss account for mortgages delivered under the Commitments. The Bank receives credit enhancement fees from the FHLB for providing this guarantee and continuing to manage the credit risk of the MPF Program mortgage loans. We entered into a new agreement in the third quarter of 2022. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Bank considered the amount of any of its liability for the present value of the credit enhancement fees less any expected losses in the mortgages delivered under the Commitments to be immaterial, and had not recorded a liability and offsetting receivable. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the maximum potential amount of future payments that the Bank would have been required to make under the Commitments was $12,884 and $12,870, respectively. Under the Commitments, the Bank agrees to service the loans and therefore, is responsible for any necessary foreclosure proceedings. Any future recoveries on any losses would not be paid by the FHLB under the Commitments. The Bank has not experienced any material losses under these guarantees.

Contingencies:

We generally sell loans to investors without recourse; therefore, the investors have assumed the risk of loss or default by the borrower. However, we are usually required by these investors to make certain standard representations and warranties relating to credit information, loan documentation, and collateral. To the extent that we do not comply with such representations, we may be required to repurchase the loans or indemnify these investors for any losses from borrower defaults. We establish reserves for potential losses related to these representations and warranties if deemed appropriate and such reserves would be recorded within accrued expenses and other liabilities. In assessing the adequacy of the

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reserve, we evaluate various factors including actual write-offs during the period, historical loss experience, known delinquent and other problem loans, and economic trends and conditions in the industry.

From time to time, we are a defendant in various claims, legal actions, and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. We periodically review all outstanding pending or threatened legal proceedings and determine if such matters will have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Overdraft Fee Litigation:

On September 10, 2021, Karen McCollam filed a putative class action amended complaint against the Bank in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The amended complaint alleged that the Bank improperly charged overdraft fees where a transaction was initially authorized on sufficient funds but later settled negative due to intervening transactions. The complaint asserted a claim for breach of contract, which incorporated the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing, and a claim for violations of the Colorado Consumer Protection Act. Plaintiff sought to represent a proposed class of all the Bank’s checking account customers who were allegedly charged overdraft fees on transactions that did not overdraw their checking account. Plaintiff sought unspecified restitution, actual and statutory damages, costs, attorneys’ fees, pre-judgment interest, and other relief as the Court deemed proper for herself and the putative class. On September 24, 2021, the Bank filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. The Bank’s motion to dismiss was granted on April 15, 2022. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal on May 16, 2022. The parties thereafter reached agreement on a confidential settlement that will result in the case being dismissed with prejudice.

On September 13, 2021, Samantha Besser filed a putative class action amended complaint against the Bank in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The amended complaint alleges that the Bank improperly charged multiple insufficient funds or overdraft fees when a merchant resubmits a rejected payment request. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract, which incorporates the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing. Plaintiff seeks to represent a proposed class of all the Bank’s checking account customers who were charged multiple insufficient funds or overdraft fees on resubmitted payment requests. Plaintiff seeks unspecified restitution, actual and statutory damages, costs, attorneys’ fees, pre-judgment interest, and other relief as the Court deems proper for herself and the purported class. On September 27, 2021, the Bank filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. The motion to dismiss has been fully pled and is before the Court for decision. The Bank believes that the lawsuit is without merit, and it intends to vigorously defend against all claims asserted.

Wire Transfer Litigation:

On November 5, 2021, urban-gro, Inc. (“UGI”) filed a complaint against the Bank in the Boulder County, Colorado District Court. The complaint alleges that the Bank failed to follow contractual, internal, and industry-standard procedures with respect to six purportedly fraudulent and unauthorized wire transfers, totaling approximately $5.1 million, from UGI’s deposit account at the Bank to domestic third-party beneficiaries (“Transactions”). UGI seeks actual damages, statutory damages for civil theft, costs, attorneys’ fees, pre- and post-judgment interest, and other relief as the Court deems proper.

On November 18, 2021, the Bank filed responsive pleadings (“Answer”) setting forth its position that: 1) the Transactions were duly authorized by UGI; 2) the Bank upheld the contractual security procedures with UGI for wire transfers, and followed its own industry-standard internal processes and procedures in carrying out those security procedures; 3) UGI is solely liable for any fraud that might have been perpetrated due to an e-mail account compromise of one or more of its employees; 4) UGI breached its contractual obligations with the Bank by failing to timely discover and report any impropriety as to the Transactions to the Bank; and 5) the Bank, therefore, is not liable for the unrecovered balance.

The Bank believes that UGI’s claims are without merit and it intends to vigorously defend against all claims asserted. At this time, the Bank is unable to reasonably estimate the outcome of this litigation.

We establish reserves for contingencies, including legal proceedings, when potential losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. While the ultimate resolution of any legal proceedings, including the matters described above, cannot be determined at this time, based on information presently available, and after consultation with legal counsel, management believes that the ultimate outcome in these above legal proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial statements. It is possible, however, that future developments could result in an unfavorable outcome for or resolution of any of these proceedings, which may be material to our results of operations for a given fiscal period.

Pandemic:

The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is fluid and continues to evolve, adversely affecting many of our clients. While vaccine availability and uptake has increased, the longer-term macro-economic effects on global supply chains, inflation, labor shortages and wage increases continue to impact many industries. The ultimate extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations is currently uncertain and will

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depend on various developments and other factors, including increases in new COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths leading to additional government imposed restrictions; refusals to receive the vaccines along with concerns related to new strains of the virus; supply chain issues remaining unresolved longer than anticipated; labor shortages; decreases in consumer confidence and spending; and rising geopolitical tensions.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of FirstSun

In this section, unless the context suggests otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” and “our” mean the combined business of FirstSun and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Logia Portfolio Management, LLC and Sunflower Bank (the “Bank”).

The following discussion and analysis of FirstSun’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the 2021 Form 10-K that we filed with the SEC on March 25, 2022. Historical results of operations and the percentage relationships among any amounts included, and any trends that may appear, may not indicate trends in operations or results of operations for any future periods.

Comments regarding our business that are not historical facts are considered forward-looking statements that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements. For additional information regarding our cautionary disclosures, see the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 3 of this report.

General Overview

FirstSun Capital Bancorp, headquartered in Denver, Colorado, is the financial holding company for Sunflower Bank, National Association, which operates as Sunflower Bank, First National 1870 and Guardian Mortgage. We conduct a full service community banking and trust business through our wholly-owned subsidiaries—Sunflower Bank and Logia Portfolio Management, LLC.

We offer a full range of relationship-focused services to meet our clients’ personal, business and wealth management financial objectives, with a branch network in Texas, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Kansas and mortgage capabilities in 43 states. Our product line includes commercial loans, commercial real estate loans, residential mortgage and other consumer loans, and a variety of commercial and consumer deposit products, including noninterest-bearing accounts, interest-bearing demand products, savings accounts, money market accounts and certificates of deposit. We also offer wealth management and trust products including personal trust and agency accounts, employee benefit and retirement related trust and agency accounts, investment management and advisory agency accounts, and foundation and endowment trust and agency accounts. We also offer online banking and bill payment services, online cash management, safe deposit box rentals, debit card and ATM card services and the availability of a network of ATMs for our customers.

We operate FirstSun through two operating segments: Banking and Mortgage Operations. We also allocate certain expenses to Corporate, which is not an operating segment. The expenses included in Corporate are not deemed to be allocable to our operating segments. The operating segments have been determined based on the products and services we offer and reflect the manner in which our financial information is evaluated by management. Each of the operating segments is complementary to each other and because of the interrelationship of the segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities. For additional information on our segments, see Note 16 - Segment Information included in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

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Completion of Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc.

On April 1, 2022, we completed our previously announced Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc. (“Pioneer”), pursuant to which Pioneer was merged with and into FirstSun, with FirstSun continuing as the surviving entity, and Pioneer’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Pioneer Bank, SSB, a Texas state savings bank, was merged with and into Sunflower Bank, with Sunflower Bank continuing as the surviving bank. With the acquisition, we acquired 19 branches in Texas. The results for Pioneer are reflected in our results of operations and financial condition beginning April 1, 2022. Further information is presented in Note 2 - Merger with Pioneer Bancshares, Inc. included in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

For the third quarter of 2022, we incurred no expenses relating to the Merger. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we incurred $18.8 million ($0.63 diluted earnings per share) of expenses relating to the Merger. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we incurred $0.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively ($0.04 and $0.09 diluted earnings per share) of expenses relating to the Merger.

Pandemic Update

Our business has been, and continues to be, impacted by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. There remains many uncertainties related to COVID-19 including, among other things, the ongoing impact to our customers, employees and vendors; the impact to the financial services and banking industry; and the impact to the economy as a whole as well as the effect of actions taken, or that may yet be taken, or inaction by governmental authorities to mitigate both the economic and health-related effects of COVID-19.

Financial Summary

Net income totaled $26.5 million, or $1.04 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $8.7 million, or $0.46 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2021. The return on average assets was 1.52% for the third quarter of 2022, compared to 0.62% for the third quarter of 2021, and the return on average equity was 14.50% for the third quarter of 2022, compared to 6.68% for the third quarter of 2021.

Net income totaled $34.6 million, or $1.49 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $34.3 million, or $1.83 per diluted share, for the same period in 2021. The return on average assets was 0.70% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 0.85% for the same period in 2021, and the return on average equity was 6.90% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 8.95% for the same period in 2021.

Net income, return on average assets and return on average equity were reduced by Merger-related expenses and the provision for loan losses related to certain non-impaired loans acquired from Pioneer at a premium upon the closing of the Merger. The reduction to net income, return on average assets and return on average equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, resulting from the aggregate of Merger-related expenses and the provision for loan losses related to certain non-impaired loans acquired from Pioneer at a premium, were $17.0 million, 0.34%, and 3.39% respectively. The reduction to net income, return on average assets and return on average equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, resulting from Merger-related expenses, were $1.7 million, 0.04%, and 0.43%, respectively. The reduction to net income, return on average assets and return on average equity for the third quarter of 2021, resulting from Merger-related expenses, were $0.6 million, 0.04%, and 0.45%, respectively.

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The following table sets forth certain summary financial and other information of FirstSun:


	For the three months ended September 30,			For the nine months ended September 30,						For the year ended December 31,
($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2022			2021			2022			2021			2021
Income Statement:
Net interest income	$	68,486		$	39,965		$	168,356		$	114,782		$	155,233
Taxable equivalent adjustment	1,236			924			3,841			4,419			5,755
Net interest income - fully tax equivalent ("FTE") basis (non-GAAP) (3)	$	69,722		$	40,889		$	172,197		$	119,201		$	160,988
Provision for loan losses	$	3,750		$	3,500		$	12,450		$	1,750		$	3,000
Noninterest income	$	24,953		$	28,684		$	70,948		$	94,848		$	124,244
Noninterest expense	$	55,548		$	54,570		$	183,683		$	166,374		$	224,635
Net income	$	26,513		$	8,728		$	34,612		$	34,347		$	43,164
Per Common Share Data:
Weighted average diluted common shares	25,494,315			18,770,681			23,281,933			18,762,497			18,770,785
Net income (basic)	$	1.07		$	0.48		$	1.53		$	1.87		$	2.36
Net income (diluted)	$	1.04		$	0.46		$	1.49		$	1.83		$	2.30
Cash dividends	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Dividend payout ratio	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%
Book value	$	30.14		$	28.38		$	30.14		$	28.38		$	28.56
Tangible common book value (non-GAAP) (3)	$	25.67		$	26.10		$	25.67		$	26.10		$	26.31
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets	1.52		%	0.62		%	0.70		%	0.85		%	0.79		%
Return on average stockholders' equity	14.50		%	6.68		%	6.90		%	8.95		%	8.37		%
Return on tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (3)	17.05		%	7.53		%	7.58		%	9.81		%	9.17		%
Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (3)	17.59		%	7.49		%	8.35		%	9.99		%	9.35		%
Net interest margin	4.26		%	3.01		%	3.66		%	3.00		%	3.34		%
Efficiency ratio (1)	59.45		%	79.49		%	76.76		%	79.37		%	80.38		%
Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans outstanding	0.01		%	(0.15)		%	0.01		%	0.06		%	0.09		%
Allowance for loan losses to loans	1.07		%	1.26		%	1.07		%	1.26		%	1.18		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans (2)	0.76		%	0.97		%	0.76		%	0.97		%	0.86		%
Balance Sheet:
Total loans, excluding loans held-for-sale	$	5,556,686		$	3,803,981		$	5,556,686		$	3,803,981		$	4,037,123
Total assets	$	7,052,917		$	5,683,085		$	7,052,917		$	5,683,085		$	5,666,814
Total deposits	$	5,760,418		$	4,857,985		$	5,760,418		$	4,857,985		$	4,854,948
Total borrowed funds	$	390,969		$	109,184		$	390,969		$	109,184		$	109,458
Total stockholders' equity	$	750,653		$	519,921		$	750,653		$	519,921		$	524,038
Capital Ratios:
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets	12.06		%	12.55		%	12.06		%	12.55		%	11.76		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets	9.99		%	10.32		%	9.99		%	10.32		%	9.70		%
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) to risk-weighted assets	9.99		%	10.32		%	9.99		%	10.32		%	9.70		%
Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets	9.55		%	8.19		%	9.55		%	8.19		%	8.24		%
Average equity to average assets	10.52		%	9.33		%	10.13		%	9.50		%	9.43		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) (3)	9.21		%	8.48		%	9.21		%	8.48		%	8.58		%
Nonfinancial Data:
Full-time equivalent employees	1,155			1,026			1,155			1,026			1,042
Banking branches	72			52			72			52			53
(1) The efficiency ratio is one measure of profitability in the banking industry. This ratio measures the cost of generating one dollar of revenue. That is, the ratio is designed to reflect the percentage of one dollar which must be expended to generate that dollar of revenue. We calculate this ratio by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income.
(2) Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans, accrual troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”), and accrual loans greater than 90 days past due.
(3) See section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations” for information regarding these non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations

The non-GAAP financial measures presented below are used by our management and our Board of Directors on a regular basis in addition to our GAAP results to facilitate the assessment of our financial performance. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures enhance an investor’s understanding of our financial results by providing a meaningful basis for period-to-period comparisons, assisting in operating results analysis, and predicting future performance. This information supplements our GAAP reported results, and should not be viewed in isolation from, or as a substitute for, our GAAP results. Accordingly, this financial information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, included elsewhere in this report. Non-GAAP financial measures exclude certain items that are included in the financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by investors to evaluate a company, they have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP. These non-GAAP measures are not necessarily comparable to similar measures that may be represented by other companies.

The following table presents GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliations:


	For the three months ended September 30,			For the nine months ended September 30,						For the year ended December 31,
($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2022			2021			2022			2021			2021






Tangible common book value:
Total stockholders' equity (GAAP)	$	750,653		$	519,921		$	750,653		$	519,921		$	524,038
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill	(93,483)			(33,050)			(93,483)			(33,050)			(33,050)
Other intangible assets	(17,825)			(8,605)			(17,825)			(8,605)			(8,250)
Total tangible stockholders' equity (non-GAAP)	$	639,345		$	478,266		$	639,345		$	478,266		$	482,738
Total common shares outstanding	24,906,032			18,321,659			24,906,032			18,321,659			18,346,288
Book value per common share (GAAP)	$	30.14		$	28.38		$	30.14		$	28.38		$	28.56
Tangible common book value (non-GAAP)	$	25.67		$	26.10		$	25.67		$	26.10		$	26.31
Return on tangible common equity:
Net Income (GAAP)	$	26,513		$	8,728		$	34,612		$	34,347		$	43,164
Add: Intangible amortization, net of tax	739			280			1,736			839			1,119
Tangible net income (non-GAAP)	$	27,252		$	9,008		$	36,348		$	35,186		$	44,283
Tangible stockholders’ equity (non-GAAP) (see above)	$	639,345		$	478,266		$	639,345		$	478,266		$	482,738
Return on tangible common equity	17.05		%	7.53		%	7.58		%	9.81		%	9.17		%
Return on average tangible common equity:
Tangible net income (non-GAAP) (see above)	$	27,252		$	9,008		$	36,348		$	35,186		$	44,283
Total average stockholders' equity (GAAP)	$	731,549		$	522,909		$	668,991		$	511,833		$	515,773
Less: Average goodwill and other intangible assets
Average goodwill	(93,483)			(33,050)			(73,560)			(33,050)			(33,050)
Average other intangible assets	(18,255)			(8,803)			(15,317)			(9,139)			(8,964)
Total average tangible stockholders' equity (non-GAAP)	$	619,811		$	481,056		$	580,114		$	469,644		$	473,759
Return on average tangible common equity	17.59		%	7.49		%	8.35		%	9.99		%	9.35		%
Net interest margin:
Net interest income (GAAP)	$	68,486		$	39,965		$	168,356		$	114,782		$	155,233
Taxable equivalent adjustment	1,236			924			3,841			4,419			5,755
Net interest income - FTE basis (non-GAAP)	$	69,722		$	40,889		$	172,197		$	119,201		$	160,988
Average earning assets	$	6,434,653		$	5,319,682		$	6,127,755		$	5,101,821		$	5,180,650
Net interest margin - FTE basis (non-GAAP)	4.31		%	3.10		%	3.75		%	3.11		%	3.11		%

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	For the three months ended September 30,			For the nine months ended September 30,						For the year ended December 31,
($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2022			2021			2022			2021			2021
Tangible common equity to tangible assets:
Total assets (GAAP)	$	7,052,917		$	5,683,085		$	7,052,917		$	5,683,085		$	5,666,814
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill	(93,483)			(33,050)			(93,483)			(33,050)			(33,050)
Other intangible assets	(17,825)			(8,605)			(17,825)			(8,605)			(8,250)
Total tangible assets (non-GAAP)	$	6,941,609		$	5,641,430		$	6,941,609		$	5,641,430		$	5,625,514
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (see above)	$	639,345		$	478,266		$	639,345		$	478,266		$	482,738
Tangible equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)	9.21		%	8.48		%	9.21		%	8.48		%	8.58		%

Segments

Banking

Three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Income before income taxes increased $26.8 million to $33.9 million for the third quarter of 2022, from $7.1 million for the same period in 2021. The period over period increase was primarily driven by an increase in net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $28.9 million to $68.2 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $39.3 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to organic growth in our loan portfolios, an increase in interest earning assets resulting from the Pioneer Merger, and an increase in net interest margin. Identifiable assets for our Banking segment grew by $1.2 billion to $6.3 billion at September 30, 2022 from $5.1 billion for the same period in 2021. The growth in identifiable assets was primarily driven by organic growth in our loan portfolios and the assets acquired in the Pioneer Merger.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Income before income taxes increased $24.8 million to $50.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $25.9 million for the same period in 2021. The period over period increase was primarily driven by an increase in net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by an increase in provision for loan losses and noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $55.1 million to $167.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $112.5 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to organic growth in our loan portfolios, an increase in interest earning assets resulting from the Pioneer Merger, and an increase in net interest margin. Noninterest expense increased $26.3 million to $136.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $109.7 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in noninterest expense was primarily due to $18.8 million ($0.63 diluted earnings per share) in Merger-related expenses resulting from the Pioneer Merger. Provision for loan losses increased $7.7 million to $9.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $2.1 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in the provision for loan losses was attributed to both organic loan growth and provision recorded on Pioneer loans acquired at a premium.

Mortgage Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Income before income taxes decreased to $2.2 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $5.5 million for the same period in 2021, primarily due to a decrease in net sale gains and fees from mortgage loan originations of $11.0 million, partially offset by a $3.6 million increase in income related to mortgage servicing rights (“MSR”) capitalization and changes in fair value, net of hedging activity. Overall gains on sale of mortgage loans declined as a result of the decline in origination activity, continued margin compression, and a decline in the rate lock pipeline volume and valuation due to rising interest rates. The increase in income related to our MSRs was primarily the result of changes in market interest rates leading to lower prepayment rates, and our corresponding hedging positions. Total loan originations for sale were $0.3 billion for the third quarter of 2022, a decline of $0.2 billion from $0.5 billion for the same period in 2021. Noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2022 was $13.2 million, compared to $16.9 million for the same period in 2021. The $3.6 million decrease was primarily due to the decreased salary and employee benefits from the decline in mortgage loan originations.

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Nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Income before income taxes decreased to $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to income of $21.9 million for the same period in 2021, primarily due to a decrease in net sale gains and fees from mortgage loan originations of $35.1 million, partially offset by a $5.1 million increase in income related to mortgage servicing rights (“MSR”) capitalization and changes in fair value, net of hedging activity. Overall gains on sale of mortgage loans declined as a result of the decline in origination activity, continued margin compression, and a decline in the rate lock pipeline volume and valuation due to rising interest rates. The increase in income related to our MSRs was primarily the result of changes in market interest rates leading to lower prepayment rates, and our corresponding hedging positions. Total loan originations were $1.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decline of $0.4 billion from $1.8 billion for the same period in 2021. Noninterest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $44.1 million, compared to $53.8 million for the same period in 2021. The $9.7 million decrease was primarily due to the decreased salary and employee benefits from the decline in mortgage loan originations.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared based on the application of accounting policies in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or “U.S. GAAP,” and follow general practices within the banking industry. These policies require the reliance on estimates, assumptions and judgments, which may prove inaccurate or are subject to variations. Changes in underlying factors, estimates, assumptions or judgements could have a material impact on our future financial condition and results of operations.

Certain policies inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and, as such, have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. We have identified the determination of the allowance for loan losses and fair value measurements to be the accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments and, as such, could be most subject to revision as new or additional information becomes available or circumstances change, including overall changes in the economic climate and/or market interest rates. Therefore, we consider these policies to be critical accounting estimates and discuss them directly with the Audit Committee of our board of directors. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, there have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates compared with those described under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of FirstSun—Critical Accounting Estimates” and the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements appearing in the 2021 Form 10-K.

Our significant accounting policies are presented in “Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the 2021 Form 10-K. These policies, along with the disclosures presented in the other financial statement notes and in this discussion, provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined. Recent accounting pronouncements and standards that have impacted or could potentially affect us are also discussed in “Note 1” of our audited consolidated financial statements.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth components of our results of operations:


	As of and for the three months ended September 30,			As of and for the nine months ended September 30,
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Net interest income	$	68,486		$	39,965		$	168,356		$	114,782
Provision for loan losses	3,750			3,500			12,450			1,750
Noninterest income	24,953			28,684			70,948			94,848
Noninterest expense	55,548			54,570			183,683			166,374
Income before income taxes	34,141			10,579			43,171			41,506
Provision for income taxes	7,628			1,851			8,559			7,159
Net income	26,513			8,728			34,612			34,347

Diluted earnings per share	$	1.04		$	0.46		$	1.49		$	1.83
Return on average assets	1.52		%	0.62		%	0.70		%	0.85		%
Return on average stockholders' equity	14.50		%	6.68		%	6.90		%	8.95		%
Net interest margin	4.26		%	3.01		%	3.66		%	3.00		%
Net interest margin - FTE basis (non-GAAP) (1)	4.31		%	3.10		%	3.75		%	3.11		%
Efficiency ratio	59.45		%	79.49		%	76.76		%	79.37		%
Fee revenue to total revenue (2)	26.71		%	41.78		%	29.65		%	45.25		%
(1) See section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations” for information regarding non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent.
(2) Fee revenue to total revenue is defined as “noninterest income / (net interest income + noninterest income)”.

General

Our results of operations depend significantly on net interest income, which is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, consisting primarily of interest income on loans and investment securities and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, consisting primarily of deposits and borrowings. Our results of operations are also dependent on our generation of noninterest income, consisting primarily of income from mortgage banking services, service charges on deposit accounts, trust and investment advisory fees and credit and debit card fees. Other factors contributing to our results of operations include our provisions for loan losses, income taxes, and noninterest expenses, such as salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, amortization of intangible assets and other operating costs.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income, representing interest income less interest expense, is a significant contributor to our revenues and earnings. We generate interest income from interest and dividends on interest-earning assets, which are principally comprised of loans and investment securities. We incur interest expense from interest owed or paid on interest-bearing liabilities, including interest-bearing deposits, FHLB advances and other borrowings. Net interest income and margin are shaped by the characteristics of the underlying products, including volume, term and structure of each product. We measure and monitor yields on our loans and other interest-earning assets, the costs of our deposits and other funding sources, our net interest spread and our net interest margin. Net interest spread is the difference between rates earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is calculated as the annualized net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

Interest earned on our loan portfolios are the largest component of our interest income. Our loan portfolios are presented at the principal amount outstanding net of deferred origination fees and unamortized discounts and premiums. Interest income is recognized based on the principal balance outstanding and the stated rate of the loan. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are capitalized and recognized as an adjustment of the yield on the related loan. Non-PCI loans acquired are initially recorded at fair value and the resulting discount or premium are recognized as an adjustment of the yield on the related loans.

Our net interest income can be significantly influenced by a variety of factors, including overall loan demand, economic conditions, credit risk, the amount of non-earning assets including nonperforming loans and OREO, the amounts of and rates at which assets and liabilities reprice, variances in prepayment of loans and securities, exercise of call options on borrowings or securities, a general rise or decline in interest rates, changes in the slope of the yield-curve, and balance sheet growth or contraction.

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Three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Our net interest income was $68.5 million for the third quarter of 2022, an increase of $28.5 million, or 71.4%, compared to the same period in 2021. Interest income on loans held-for-investment increased by $27.8 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. Interest income on investment securities increased by $1.7 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. Interest expense from total interest-bearing liabilities increased by $2.0 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021.

Total average loans held-for-investment grew to $5.5 billion at September 30, 2022, an increase of $1.7 billion or 44.4%, compared to September 30, 2021, primarily due to organic growth in our loan portfolios and the Pioneer Merger. Yield on loans held-for-investment increased 75 basis points in the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to the rising interest rate environment and its impact on variable rate loans in the loan portfolio and higher yields on new originations.

Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $0.7 billion, or 19.4%, for the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily as a result of the Pioneer Merger. Average interest-bearing deposits increased $0.6 billion, or 18.9%, in the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, and was the primary driver of the growth in average interest-bearing liabilities. Average FHLB borrowings increased $120.3 million, or 300.8%, in the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, to support organic loan growth.

Our net interest margin was 4.26% for the third quarter of 2022, compared to 3.01% for the same period in 2021, an increase of 1.25%. We experienced a 1.34% increase in yield from earning assets while our total cost of funds increased by 13 basis points, for the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. We have not experienced as significant an increase in our cost of funds in this rising interest rate environment as we have seen in growth in earning asset yield, however, we do expect our cost of funds to continue to rise over the next several quarters.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Our net interest income was $168.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of $53.6 million, or 46.7%, compared to the same period in 2021. Interest income on loans held-for-investment increased by $50.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. Interest income on investment securities increased by $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. Interest expense from total interest-bearing liabilities increased by $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021.

Total average loans held-for-investment grew to $5.0 billion at September 30, 2022, an increase of $1.2 billion, compared to September 30, 2021, primarily due to organic growth in our loan portfolios and the Pioneer Merger. Yield on loans held-for-investment increased 38 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to the rising interest rate environment and its impact on variable rate loans in the loan portfolio and higher yields on new originations.

Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $0.5 billion, or 15.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. Average interest-bearing deposits increased $0.5 billion, or 15.9%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, and was the primary driver of the growth in average interest-bearing liabilities.

Our net interest margin was 3.66% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 3.00% for the same period in 2021, an increase of 66 basis points. We experienced a 66 basis point increase in yield from earning assets and our total cost of funds increased by two basis points for the period ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. We have not experienced as significant an increase in our cost of funds in this rising interest rate environment as we have seen in growth in earning asset yield, however, we do expect our cost of funds to continue to rise over the next several quarters.

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The following tables set forth information related to our average balance sheet, average yields on assets, and average costs of liabilities for the periods presented. We derived these yields by dividing income or expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. We derived average balances from the daily balances throughout the periods indicated.

As of and for the three months ended September 30,:


	2022							2021
(In thousands)	Average Balance		Interest			Average Yield/Rate		Average Balance		Interest			Average Yield/Rate
Interest Earning Assets
Loans held-for-sale	$	56,636	$	743		5.25	%	$	122,007	$	986		3.23	%
Loans held-for-investment (1)	5,456,210		67,527			4.95	%	3,779,517		39,710			4.20	%
Investment securities	613,325		3,644			2.38	%	522,870		1,954			1.49	%
Interest-bearing cash and other assets	308,482		1,849			2.40	%	895,288		611			0.27	%
Total earning assets	6,434,653		73,763			4.59	%	5,319,682		43,261			3.25	%
Other assets	519,663							287,323
Total assets	$	6,954,316						$	5,607,005

Interest-bearing liabilities
Demand and NOW deposits	$	202,290	$	495		0.98	%	$	241,488	$	139		0.23	%
Savings deposits	506,548		227			0.18	%	453,687		101			0.09	%
Money market deposits	2,617,452		1,632			0.25	%	2,264,682		1,054			0.19	%
Certificates of deposits	593,479		920			0.62	%	337,906		684			0.81	%
Total deposits	3,919,769		3,274			0.33	%	3,297,763		1,978			0.24	%
Repurchase agreements	51,264		51			0.40	%	120,009		13			0.04	%
Total deposits and repurchase agreements	3,971,033		3,325			0.33	%	3,417,772		1,991			0.23	%
FHLB borrowings	160,310		761			1.90	%	40,000		151			1.51	%
Other long-term borrowings	80,031		1,191			5.95	%	69,028		1,154			6.69	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	4,211,374		5,277			0.50	%	3,526,800		3,296			0.37	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	1,924,055							1,483,010
Other liabilities	87,338							74,286
Stockholders' equity	731,549							522,909
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	6,954,316						$	5,607,005

Net interest income			$	68,486						$	39,965
Net interest spread			4.09		%					2.88		%
Net interest margin			4.26		%					3.01		%
Net interest margin - FTE basis (non-GAAP) (2)			4.31		%					3.10		%
(1) Includes nonaccrual loans
(2) See section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations” for information regarding non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent

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As of and for the nine months ended September 30,:


	2022							2021
(In thousands)	Average Balance		Interest			Average Yield/Rate		Average Balance		Interest			Average Yield/Rate
Interest Earning Assets
Loans held-for-sale	$	62,638	$	2,707		5.76	%	$	135,202	$	3,257		3.21	%
Loans held-for-investment (1)	4,953,042		166,006			4.47	%	3,761,029		115,423			4.09	%
Investment securities	615,726		9,252			2.00	%	511,757		5,646			1.47	%
Interest-bearing cash and other assets	496,349		3,687			0.99	%	693,833		1,450			0.28	%
Total earning assets	6,127,755		181,652			3.95	%	5,101,821		125,776			3.29	%
Other assets	473,909							287,500
Total assets	$	6,601,664						$	5,389,321

Interest-bearing liabilities
Demand and NOW deposits	$	214,862	$	848		0.53	%	$	271,955	$	636		0.31	%
Savings deposits	497,240		451			0.12	%	454,371		363			0.11	%
Money market deposits	2,567,406		3,644			0.19	%	2,183,473		3,305			0.20	%
Certificates of deposits	498,753		2,077			0.56	%	350,217		2,427			0.92	%
Total deposits	3,778,261		7,020			0.25	%	3,260,016		6,731			0.28	%
Repurchase agreements	59,572		74			0.17	%	131,444		49			0.05	%
Total deposits and repurchase agreements	3,837,833		7,094			0.25	%	3,391,460		6,780			0.27	%
FHLB borrowings	128,654		1,680			1.74	%	43,379		758			2.33	%
Other long-term borrowings	82,768		4,522			7.28	%	68,787		3,456			6.70	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	4,049,255		13,296			0.44	%	3,503,626		10,994			0.42	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	1,805,982							1,295,984
Other liabilities	77,436							77,878
Stockholders’ equity	668,991							511,833
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	6,601,664						$	5,389,321

Net interest income			$	168,356						$	114,782
Net interest spread			3.51		%					2.87		%
Net interest margin			3.66		%					3.00		%
Net interest margin - FTE basis (non-GAAP) (2)			3.75		%					3.11		%
(1) Includes nonaccrual loans
(2) See section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations” for information regarding non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP equivalent

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Rate-Volume Analysis

The tables below present the effect of volume and rate changes on interest income and expense. Changes due to volume are changes in the average balance multiplied by the previous period’s average rate. Changes due to rate are changes in the average rate multiplied by the average balance from the current period. The net changes attributable to the combined impact of both rate and volume have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.


	For the three months ended September 30,
	2022 Versus 2021 Increase (Decrease) Due to:
(In thousands)	Rate		Volume		Total
Interest Earning Assets
Loans held-for-sale	$	286	$	(529)	$	(243)
Loans held-for-investment	10,202		17,615		27,817
Investment securities	1,353		337		1,690
Interest-bearing cash	1,636		(398)		1,238
Total earning assets	13,477		17,025		30,502

Interest-bearing liabilities
Demand and NOW deposits	378		(22)		356
Savings deposits	113		13		126
Money market deposits	415		163		578
Certificates of deposits	(281)		517		236
Total deposits	625		671		1,296
Repurchase agreements	46		(8)		38
Total deposits and repurchase agreements	671		663		1,334
FHLB borrowings	155		455		610
Other long-term borrowings	(147)		184		37
Total interest-bearing liabilities	679		1,302		1,981

Net interest income	$	12,798	$	15,723	$	28,521


	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022 Versus 2021 Increase (Decrease) Due to:
(In thousands)	Rate		Volume		Total
Interest Earning Assets
Loans held-for-sale	$	1,199	$	(1,749)	$	(550)
Loans held-for-investment	14,002		36,581		50,583
Investment securities	2,460		1,146		3,606
Interest-bearing cash	2,649		(412)		2,237
Total earning assets	20,310		35,566		55,876

Interest-bearing liabilities
Demand and NOW deposits	345		(133)		212
Savings deposits	53		35		88
Money market deposits	(242)		581		339
Certificates of deposits	(1,380)		1,030		(350)
Total deposits	(1,224)		1,513		289
Repurchase agreements	52		(27)		25
Total deposits and repurchase agreements	(1,172)		1,486		314
FHLB borrowings	(568)		1,490		922
Other long-term borrowings	364		702		1,066
Total interest-bearing liabilities	(1,376)		3,678		2,302

Net interest income	$	21,686	$	31,888	$	53,574

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Provision for Loan Losses

We established an allowance for loan losses through a provision for loan losses charged as an expense in our consolidated statements of income. The provision for loan losses is the amount of expense that, based on our judgment, is required to maintain the allowance for loan losses at an adequate level to absorb probable losses incurred in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date and that, in management’s judgment, is appropriate under GAAP. Our determination of the amount of the allowance for loan losses and corresponding provision for loan losses considers ongoing evaluations of the credit quality and level of credit risk inherent in our loan portfolio, levels of nonperforming loans and charge-offs, statistical trends and economic and other relevant factors. The allowance for loan losses is increased by the provision for loan losses and is decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries on prior loan charge-offs.

We had a provision for loan losses of $3.8 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $3.5 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in the provision for loan losses was due to several factors, including the provision required for larger organic growth in the loan portfolio for the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021.

We had a provision for loan losses of $12.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $1.8 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in the provision for loan losses was due to several factors, including larger organic growth in the loan portfolio and a provision required on certain non-impaired loans acquired at a premium upon the closing of the Pioneer Merger. The provision on the loans acquired at a premium was $2.9 million ($0.10 diluted earnings per share) during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The 2021 provision was impacted by favorable changes in certain environmental factors as a result of improved economic conditions as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to subside.

Noninterest Income

The following table presents noninterest income:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	4,807	$	3,471	$	13,111	$	8,659
Credit and debit card fees	3,103		2,472		8,508		7,140
Trust and investment advisory fees	1,552		1,974		5,408		5,871
Income from mortgage banking services, net	13,785		20,151		40,017		68,144
Other	1,706		616		3,904		5,034
Total noninterest income	$	24,953	$	28,684	$	70,948	$	94,848

Three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Our noninterest income decreased $3.7 million to $25.0 million for the third quarter of 2022 from $28.7 million for the same period in 2021, primarily due to a decrease in income from mortgage banking services.

Service charges on deposit accounts includes overdraft and non-sufficient funds charges, treasury management services provided to our business customers, and other maintenance fees on deposit accounts. For the third quarter of 2022, service charges on deposit accounts increased $1.3 million, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to higher average deposits, and increased treasury management service fee income compared to the same period in 2021.

Credit and debit card fees represent interchange income from credit and debit card activity and referral fees earned from processing fees on card transactions by our business customers. Credit and debit card fees increased $0.6 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, due primarily to increased card transaction volumes.

Trust and investment advisory fees represent fees we receive in connection with our investment advisory and custodial management services of investment accounts. Trust and investment advisory fees were down slightly for the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021.

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The components of income from mortgage banking services were as follows:


	For the three months ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Net sale gains and fees from mortgage loan originations including loans held-for-sale changes in fair value and hedging	$	3,942	$	14,938

Mortgage servicing income	4,234		3,219
MSR capitalization and changes in fair value, net of derivative activity	5,609		1,994


Income from mortgage banking services, net	$	13,785	$	20,151

For the third quarter of 2022, income from mortgage banking services decreased $6.4 million, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to a decline in revenue related to net sale gains and fees from mortgage loan originations, including fair value changes in the held-for-sale portfolio and hedging, which decreased $11.0 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. Total loan originations for sale were $0.3 billion for the third quarter of 2022, a decline of $0.2 billion from $0.5 billion for the same period in 2021. We retain servicing rights on the majority of mortgage loans that we sell, which drove an increase in servicing income of $1.0 million to $4.2 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $3.2 million for the third quarter of 2021. MSR capitalization and changes in fair value, net of derivative activity, increased $3.6 million in the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in revenue related to our MSRs was primarily the result of changes in market interest rates and our corresponding hedging positions. We recognize fair value adjustments to our MSR asset, which includes changes in assumptions to the valuation model and pay-offs and pay-downs of the MSR portfolio. We also maintain a hedging strategy to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in the fair value of our MSR portfolio. Changes in fair value of the derivative instruments used to economically hedge the MSRs are also included as a component of income from mortgage banking services. Due to a number of factors and until we see a change in these factors, including rising interest rates, low inventory in the housing market, lower refinance volumes and a decrease in margin on loans sales, we do not expect revenue from mortgage banking activities to continue at levels seen in the prior year which will reduce the amount of income from mortgage banking services, net recorded in future periods in comparison to prior year periods.

Other noninterest income increased $1.1 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to certain loan-related fee income streams such as loan syndication fee income and customer accommodation interest rate swap fees and changes in fair value.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Our noninterest income decreased $23.9 million to $70.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from $94.8 million for the same period in 2021, primarily due to a decrease in income from mortgage banking services.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, service charges on deposit accounts increased $4.5 million, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to higher average deposits, changes made in the second half of 2021 to our deposit product offerings as well as increased treasury management service fee income compared to the same period in 2021.

Credit and debit card fees increased $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, due primarily to increased card transaction volumes.

Trust and investment advisory fees were down slightly for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021.

The components of income from mortgage banking services were as follows:


	For the nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)		2022		2021
Net sale gains and fees from mortgage loan originations including loans held-for-sale changes in fair value and hedging		$	16,639	$	51,723

Mortgage servicing income		11,071		9,170
MSR capitalization and changes in fair value, net of derivative activity		12,307		7,251


Income from mortgage banking services, net		$	40,017	$	68,144

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, income from mortgage banking services decreased $28.1 million, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to a decline in revenue related to net sale gains and fees from loan originations, including fair value changes in the held-for-sale portfolio and hedging activity, which decreased $35.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. Total loan originations for sale were $0.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decline of $0.9 billion from $1.7 billion for the same period in 2021. We retain servicing rights on the majority of mortgage loans that we sell, which drove the increase in servicing income of $1.9 million to $11.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $9.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. MSR capitalization and changes in fair value, net of derivative activity, increased $5.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in revenue related to our MSRs was primarily the result of changes in market interest rates and our corresponding hedging positions.

Other noninterest income decreased $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to certain loan-related fee income streams such as loan syndication fee income and customer accommodation interest rate swap fees and changes in fair value.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents noninterest expense:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Salary and employee benefits	$	32,508	$	36,061	$	101,981	$	113,129
Occupancy and equipment	8,216		6,643		22,802		19,867
Amortization of intangible assets	935		354		2,197		1,062
Merger-related expenses	—		705		18,751		1,984
Other	13,889		10,807		37,952		30,332
Total noninterest expenses	$	55,548	$	54,570	$	183,683	$	166,374

Three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Our noninterest expenses increased $1.0 million to $55.5 million for the third quarter of 2022, from $54.6 million for the same period in 2021. The increase is primarily due to an increase in other expenses of $3.1 million and an increase in occupancy and equipment of $1.6 million, partially offset by a decrease of $3.6 million in salary and employee benefits.

Other expenses increased $3.1 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. This increase was primarily caused by a $0.5 million increase in professional services expenses as well as an increase of $0.4 million in FDIC insurance costs as the Small Bank FDIC Assessment Credit was fully utilized in 2021, and other smaller increases in data processing expenses, office expenses, and deposit expenses and other operational losses.

The decrease in our salary and employee benefits expense for the third quarter of 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, was driven primarily by a decrease in commissions paid to our mortgage loan officers related to decreased mortgage origination activity during the third quarter of 2022.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Our noninterest expenses increased $17.3 million to $183.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $166.4 million for the same period in 2021. The increase is primarily due to increases of $16.8 million in Merger related expenses and $7.6 million in other expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $11.1 million in salary and employee benefits.

We incurred Merger related expenses of $18.8 million ($0.63 per diluted share) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of $16.8 million, from $2.0 million ($0.09 per diluted share) for the same period in 2021, related to our Merger with Pioneer that was completed on April 1, 2022.

Other expenses increased $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. This increase was primarily caused by a $1.0 million increase in travel and entertainment expenses as we continue to move away from limitations related to the COVID-19 pandemic, a $1.3 million increase in FDIC insurance costs as the Small Bank FDIC Assessment Credit was fully utilized in 2021, and a $1.8 million increase in professional services expenses.

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The decrease in our salary and employee benefits expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, was driven by the decrease in commissions paid to our mortgage loan officers related to decreased mortgage origination activity during the period ended September 30, 2022.

Income Taxes

Three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

We had income tax expense for the third quarter of 2022 of $7.6 million, compared to income tax expense of $1.9 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in income tax expense was due to our increased income during the third quarter of 2022. Our effective tax rate was 22.3% for the third quarter of 2022, compared to 17.5% for the same period in 2021.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

We had income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 of $8.6 million, compared to $7.2 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in income tax expense was primarily due to our increased income during the period ended September 30, 2022. Our effective tax rate was 19.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 17.2% for the same period in 2021.

Financial Condition

Balance Sheet

Our total assets were $7.1 billion and $5.7 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our total loans held-for-investment, net of deferred fees, costs, premiums and discounts were $5.6 billion at September 30, 2022, an increase of $1.5 billion from December 31, 2021, which was due to organic growth and the Pioneer Merger.

Investment Securities

Our securities portfolio is used to make various term investments, maintain a source of liquidity and serve as collateral for certain types of deposits and borrowings. We manage our investment portfolio according to written investment policies approved by our board of directors. Investment in our securities portfolio may change over time based on our funding needs and interest rate risk management objectives. Our liquidity levels take into account anticipated future cash flows and other available sources of funds, and are maintained at levels that we believe are appropriate to provide the necessary flexibility to meet our anticipated funding requirements.

Our investment securities portfolio consists of securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity. There were no trading securities in our investment portfolio as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. All available-for sale securities are carried at fair value and may be used for liquidity purposes should management consider it to be in our best interest.

Our securities available-for-sale decreased by $21.3 million to $551.2 million at September 30, 2022, compared to December 31, 2021. The decrease was due to unrealized losses resulting from the rising interest rate environment, partially offset by securities acquired in the Pioneer Merger. During the period ended September 30, 2022, the securities held-to-maturity increased $21.1 million to $39.1 million due to the securities held-to-maturity acquired in the Pioneer Merger.

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The following table is a summary of our investment portfolio as of:


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Carrying Amount		% of Portfolio		Carrying Amount		% of Portfolio
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury	$	56,618	10.3	%	$	35,185	6.1	%
U.S. agency	3,201		0.6	%	5,919		1.0	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	25,452		4.6	%	3,789		0.7	%
Mortgage backed - residential	118,513		21.5	%	138,677		24.2	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations	214,030		38.8	%	235,784		41.2	%
Mortgage backed - commercial	118,592		21.5	%	153,147		26.8	%
Other debt	14,759		2.7	%	—		—	%
Total available-for-sale	$	551,165	100.0	%	$	572,501	100.0	%
Held-to-maturity:


Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	25,002	63.9	%	$	716	4.0	%
Mortgage backed - residential	9,091		23.2	%	10,750		59.7	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations	5,055		12.9	%	6,541		36.3	%


Total held-to-maturity	$	39,148	100.0	%	$	18,007	100.0	%

The following table shows the weighted average yield to average life of each category of investment securities as of September 30, 2022:


(In thousands)	One year or less				One to five years				Five to ten years				After ten years
	Carrying Amount		Average Yield		Carrying Amount		Average Yield		Carrying Amount		Average Yield		Carrying Amount		Average Yield
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury	$	3,412	—	%	$	22,278	1.89	%	$	30,928	1.29	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. agency	—		—	%	1,981		3.28	%	1,220		2.89	%	—		—	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—	%	—		—	%	7,094		3.20	%	18,358		3.00	%
Mortgage backed - residential	164		3.99	%	39,931		2.21	%	36,820		1.88	%	41,598		2.18	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations	2,344		2.32	%	86,119		2.77	%	106,355		2.30	%	19,212		2.10	%
Mortgage backed - commercial	1,526		2.86	%	36,024		2.74	%	66,981		2.14	%	14,061		2.88	%
Other debt	—		—	%	—		—	%	12,014		2.83	%	2,745		3.78	%
Total available-for-sale	$	7,446	1.40	%	$	186,333	2.54	%	$	261,412	2.13	%	$	95,974	2.47	%
Held-to-maturity:


Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—	%	705		1.55	%	—		—	%	24,297		3.52	%
Mortgage backed - residential	—		—	%	5,629		2.54	%	22		5.80	%	3,440		3.24	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations	461		1.40	%	3,071		2.52	%	1,523		2.96	%	—		—	%


Total held-to-maturity	$	461	1.40	%	$	9,405	2.46	%	$	1,545	3.00	%	$	27,737	3.49	%

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Loans

Our loan portfolio represents a broad range of borrowers primarily in our markets in Texas, Colorado, Kansas, Arizona, and New Mexico, comprised of commercial, commercial real estate, residential real estate and consumer financing loans. We have a diversified portfolio across a variety of industries, and the portfolio is generally centered in the states in which we have branch offices.

Total loans, net of deferred origination fees, premiums, and discounts as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $5.6 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively. The increase in total loans was due to organic growth and our acquisition of Pioneer on April 1, 2022, which resulted in $811.3 million of loans recorded, net of purchase accounting adjustments.

The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio, as of:


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Amount		% of total loans		Amount		% of total loans
Commercial	$	2,738,068	49.3	%	$	2,407,888	59.6	%
Commercial real estate	1,772,315		31.9	%	1,174,242		29.1	%
Residential real estate	1,003,157		18.0	%	437,017		10.8	%
Consumer	43,146		0.8	%	17,976		0.5	%
Total loans	$	5,556,686	100.0	%	$	4,037,123	100.0	%

Commercial loans include commercial and industrial loans to commercial and agricultural customers for use in normal business operations to finance working capital needs, equipment and inventory purchases, and other expansion projects. Commercial and industrial loans also include our specialty lending verticals such as public finance offerings to our charter school and municipal based customers, asset based lending and structured finance products as well as our healthcare, SBA and other small business lending products. These loans are made primarily in our market areas and are underwritten on the basis of the borrower’s ability to service the debt from revenue, and are generally extended under our normal credit standards, controls and monitoring systems.

Commercial real estate loans include owner occupied and non-owner occupied commercial real estate mortgage loans to operating commercial and agricultural businesses, and include both loans for long-term financing of land and buildings and loans made for the initial development or construction of a commercial real estate project.

Residential real estate loans represent loans to consumers collateralized by a mortgage on a residence and include purchase money, refinancing, secondary mortgages, and home equity loans and lines of credit.

Consumer loans include direct consumer installment loans, credit card accounts, overdrafts and other revolving loans.

We have originated loans to qualified small businesses under the PPP administered by the SBA under the provisions of the CARES Act. Loans covered by the PPP may be eligible for loan forgiveness for certain costs incurred related to payroll, group health care benefit costs and qualifying mortgage, rent and utility payments. The remaining loan balance after forgiveness of any amounts is expected to be fully guaranteed by the SBA. PPP loans, which are included in our commercial loan portfolio, were $6.0 million and $66.7 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Refer to the 2021 Form 10-K for additional details.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $0.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, in PPP loan related deferred processing fees (net of amortization of related deferred origination costs) as a yield adjustment and this amount is included in interest income on loans. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized approximately $2.1 million and $7.7 million, respectively, in PPP loan related deferred net processing fees.

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Maturities and Sensitivity of Loans to Changes in Interest Rates

The information in the following tables is based on the contractual maturities of individual loans, including loans that may be subject to renewal at their contractual maturity. Renewal of these loans is subject to review and credit approval, as well as modification of terms upon maturity. Actual repayments of loans may differ from the maturities reflected below because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. The following tables summarize the loan maturity distribution by type and related interest rate characteristics as of September 30, 2022:


(In thousands)	One year or less		After one through five years		After five through 15 years		After 15 years		Total
Commercial	$	235,637	$	1,546,433	$	753,750	$	202,248	$	2,738,068
Commercial real estate	147,361		993,026		557,822		74,106		1,772,315
Residential real estate	94,447		95,406		131,834		681,470		1,003,157
Consumer	8,355		9,962		24,503		326		43,146
Total loans	$	485,800	$	2,644,827	$	1,467,909	$	958,150	$	5,556,686


(In thousands)	One year or less		After one through five years		After five through 15 years		After 15 years		Total		Total Loans Maturing After 1 Year
Loans maturing with:
Fixed interest rates
Commercial	$	45,630	$	699,528	$	657,031	$	173,745	$	1,575,934	$	1,530,304
Commercial real estate	66,151		609,858		166,160		1,300		843,469		777,318
Residential real estate	56,324		70,220		93,060		315,062		534,666		478,342
Consumer	5,896		8,817		24,375		—		39,088		33,192
Total fixed interest rate loans	$	174,001	$	1,388,423	$	940,626	$	490,107	$	2,993,157	$	2,819,156
Floating or adjustable interest rates
Commercial	$	190,007	$	846,905	$	96,719	$	28,503	$	1,162,134	$	972,127
Commercial real estate	81,210		383,168		391,662		72,806		928,846		847,636
Residential real estate	38,123		25,186		38,774		366,408		468,491		430,368
Consumer	2,459		1,145		128		326		4,058		1,599
Total floating or adjustable interest rate loans	$	311,799	$	1,256,404	$	527,283	$	468,043	$	2,563,529	$	2,251,730
Total loans	$	485,800	$	2,644,827	$	1,467,909	$	958,150	$	5,556,686	$	5,070,886

Allowance for Loan Losses

We maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level we believe is sufficient to absorb probable incurred losses in our loan portfolio given the conditions at the time. Events that are not within our control, such as changes in economic factors, could change subsequent to the reporting date and could cause increases or decreases to the allowance. The amount of the allowance is affected by loan charge-offs, which decrease the allowance; recoveries on loans previously charged off, which increase the allowance; and the provision for loan losses charged to earnings, which increases the allowance.

In determining the provision for loan losses, management monitors fluctuations in the allowance resulting from actual charge-offs and recoveries and reviews the size and composition of the loan portfolio in light of current and anticipated economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available or as events change.

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The following table presents, by loan type, the changes in the allowance for loan losses:


	For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,						For the year ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2022			2021			2022			2021			2021
Balance, beginning of period	$	56,077		$	42,978		$	47,547		$	47,766		$	47,766
Loan charge-offs:
Commercial	(223)			—			(2,173)			(3,102)			(4,296)
Commercial real estate	—			—			—			—			(375)
Residential real estate	(24)			—			(122)			(2)			(42)
Consumer	(53)			(66)			(117)			(138)			(148)
Total loan charge-offs	(300)			(66)			(2,412)			(3,242)			(4,861)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off:
Commercial	112			1,440			1,835			1,526			1,547
Commercial real estate	2			—			3			9			28
Residential real estate	1			3			196			23			24
Consumer	36			13			59			36			43
Total loan recoveries	151			1,456			2,093			1,594			1,642
Net recoveries (charge-offs)	(149)			1,390			(319)			(1,648)			(3,219)
Provision for loan losses	3,750			3,500			12,450			1,750			3,000
Balance, end of period	$	59,678		$	47,868		$	59,678		$	47,868		$	47,547
Allowance for loan losses to total loans	1.07		%	1.26		%	1.07		%	1.26		%	1.18		%
Ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans outstanding	0.01		%	(0.15)		%	0.01		%	0.06		%	0.09		%

The following table presents net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans outstanding by loan category:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Commercial	0.02	%	(0.25)	%	0.02	%	0.10	%
Commercial real estate	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Residential real estate	0.01	%	—	%	(0.02)	%	(0.01)	%
Consumer	0.15	%	1.20	%	0.21	%	0.86	%

Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table presents the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by category and the percentage of the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by category to total loans listed as of:


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Allowance Amount		% of loans in each category to total loans		Allowance Amount		% of loans in each category to total loans
Commercial	$	37,162	49.3	%	$	33,277	59.6	%
Commercial real estate	19,218		31.9	%	12,899		29.1	%
Residential real estate	2,965		18.0	%	1,136		10.8	%
Consumer	333		0.8	%	235		0.5	%
Total	$	59,678	100.0	%	$	47,547	100.0	%

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Nonperforming Assets

We have established policies and procedures to guide us in originating, monitoring and maintaining the credit quality of our loan portfolio. These policies and procedures are expected to be followed by our bankers and underwriters and exceptions to these policies require elevated levels of approval and are reported to our board of directors.

Nonperforming assets include all loans categorized as nonaccrual, loans identified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”), accrual loans greater than 90 days past due, and other real estate owned and other repossessed assets. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued, or the loan is placed on nonaccrual, when the full collection of principal and interest is in doubt. We do not generally accrue interest on loans that are 90 days or more past due. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against interest income and future accruals of interest are discontinued. Payments by borrowers for loans on nonaccrual are applied to loan principal. Loans are returned to accrual status when, in our judgment, the borrower’s ability to satisfy principal and interest obligations under the loan agreement has improved sufficiently to reasonably assure recovery of principal and the borrower has demonstrated a sustained period of repayment performance. In general, we require a minimum of six consecutive months of timely payments in accordance with the contractual terms before returning a loan to accrual status.

A loan is identified as a TDR, when we, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grant a concession to the borrower. The concessions may be granted in various forms including interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, extension of maturity date, waiver or deferral of payments and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a period of no less than six months to demonstrate that the borrower can meet the restructured terms. However, the borrower’s performance prior to the restructuring or other significant events at the time of restructuring may be considered in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loan being returned to accrual status after a shorter performance period. If the borrower’s performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan.

The following table sets forth our nonperforming assets as of:


(In thousands)	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial	$	15,745		$	16,492
Commercial real estate	8,936			4,781
Residential real estate	8,804			6,052
Consumer	87			2
Total nonaccrual loans	33,572			27,327
Accrual TDRs	8,429			6,450
Accrual loans greater than 90 days past due	459			1,061
Total nonperforming loans	42,460			34,838
Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets, net	5,391			5,487
Total nonperforming assets	$	47,851		$	40,325
Nonaccrual loans to total loans	0.60		%	0.68		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans (1)	0.76		%	0.86		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets (1)	0.68		%	0.71		%
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans	177.76		%	173.99		%
(1) Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans, accrual TDR’s, and accrual loans greater than 90 days past due.

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Deposits

Deposits represent our primary source of funds. We are focused on growing our core deposits through relationship-based banking with our business and consumer clients. Total deposits increased by $0.9 billion to $5.8 billion at September 30, 2022, compared to December 31, 2021. Deposit growth over this period occurred primarily in our Texas markets, generally due to our acquisition of Pioneer, resulting in $1.2 billion of deposits recorded, net of purchase accounting adjustments.

The following table sets forth the average balance amounts and the average rates paid on deposits held by us:


	For the three months ended								For the nine months ended September 30,
	2022				2021				2022				2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Average Rate Paid		Average Balance		Average Rate Paid		Average Balance		Average Rate Paid		Average Balance		Average Rate Paid
Noninterest-bearing demand deposit accounts	$	1,924,055	—	%	$	1,483,010	—	%	$	1,805,982	—	%	$	1,295,984	—	%
Interest-bearing deposit accounts:
Interest-bearing demand accounts	159,905		1.12	%	188,897		0.19	%	169,191		0.58	%	193,756		0.21	%
Savings accounts and money market accounts	3,124,000		0.24	%	2,718,369		0.17	%	3,064,646		0.18	%	2,637,844		0.19	%
NOW accounts	42,385		0.43	%	52,591		0.38	%	45,671		0.34	%	78,199		0.57	%
Certificate of deposit accounts	593,479		0.62	%	337,906		0.81	%	498,753		0.56	%	350,217		0.92	%
Total interest-bearing deposit accounts	3,919,769		0.33	%	3,297,763		0.24	%	3,778,261		0.25	%	3,260,016		0.28	%
Total deposits	$	5,843,824	0.22	%	$	4,780,773	0.17	%	$	5,584,243	0.17	%	$	4,556,000	0.20	%

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately $2.4 billion, respectively, of our deposit portfolio was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank's regulatory reporting requirements.

Liquidity

Liquidity refers to our ability to maintain cash flow that is adequate to fund operations, support asset growth, maintain reserve requirements and meet present and future obligations of deposit withdrawals, lending obligations and other contractual obligations.

FirstSun (Parent Company)

FirstSun has routine funding requirements consisting primarily of operating expenses, debt service, and funds used for acquisitions. FirstSun can obtain funding to meet its obligations from dividends collected from its subsidiaries, primarily the Bank, and through the issuance of varying forms of debt. At September 30, 2022, FirstSun had cash and cash equivalents of $17.7 million and debt outstanding of $84.4 million. Management believes FirstSun has the ability to generate and obtain adequate amounts of liquidity to meet its requirements in the short-term and the long-term.

Federal banking laws regulate the amount of dividends that may be paid by banking subsidiaries without prior approval. The Bank may declare dividends without prior regulatory approval that do not exceed the total of retained net income for the current year combined with its retained net income for the preceding two years, subject to maintenance of minimum capital requirements. Prior regulatory approval to pay dividends was not required in 2021 or 2022 and is not currently required. At September 30, 2022, the Bank could pay dividends to FirstSun of approximately $132.1 million without prior regulatory approval. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Bank paid a dividend of $8.0 million to FirstSun. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, Logia paid a dividend of $0.4 million to FirstSun.

Bank

As more fully discussed in our 2021 Form 10-K, we continuously monitor our liquidity position and make adjustments to the balance between sources and uses of funds as we deem appropriate. At September 30, 2022, our liquid assets, which consist of cash and amounts due from banks and interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions, amounted to $149.1 million, or 2.1% of total assets, compared to $583.0 million, or 10.3% of total assets, at December 31, 2021. The decrease in our liquid assets was primarily due to a decrease in cash held at the Federal Reserve. Our available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2022 were $551.2 million, or 7.8% of total assets, compared to $572.5 million, or 10.1% of total assets, at December 31, 2021. Investment securities with an aggregate carrying value of $435.4 million and $465.7

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million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and repurchase agreements. The decrease in our pledged securities was primarily due to changes in public deposits and repurchase agreements.

The liability portion of our balance sheet serves as a primary source of liquidity. We plan to meet our future cash needs primarily through the generation of deposits. Customer deposits have historically provided a sizeable source of relatively stable and low-cost funds. At September 30, 2022, customer deposits, excluding brokered deposits and certificates of deposit greater than $250,000, were 97.6% of net loans, compared with 113.2% at December 31, 2021. For additional information related to our deposits, see the Deposits section above. We are also a member of the FHLB, from which we can borrow for leverage or liquidity purposes. The FHLB requires that securities and qualifying loans be pledged to secure any advances. At September 30, 2022, we had $310.9 million in advances from the FHLB and a remaining credit availability of $659.5 million. In addition, we maintain a $6.5 million line with the Federal Reserve Bank’s discount window that is secured by certain loans from our loan portfolio.

Management believes the Bank has the ability to generate and obtain adequate amounts of liquidity to meet its requirements in the short-term and the long-term.

Capital

Stockholders’ equity at September 30, 2022 was $750.7 million, compared to $524.0 million at December 31, 2021, an increase of $226.6 million, or 43.2%. The increase in stockholders’ equity relates primarily to the value of the common shares issued to the Pioneer shareholders in our Merger with Pioneer on April 1, 2022, and net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by a decline in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net, for unrealized losses in our available-for-sale securities portfolio resulting from the rising interest rate environment.

Capital Adequacy

We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Management routinely analyzes our capital to seek to ensure an optimized capital structure. For further information on capital adequacy see Note 14 - Regulatory Capital Matters to the consolidated financial statements.

Material Contractual Obligations, Commitments, and Contingent Liabilities

We have entered into contractual obligations in the normal course of business that involve elements of credit risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk.

The following table summarizes our material contractual obligations as of September 30, 2022. Further discussion of each obligation or commitment is included in the referenced note to the consolidated financial statements.


(In thousands)	Note Reference	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 - 3 Years		3 - 5 Years		More than 5 Years
Deposits:
Deposits without a stated maturity	7	$	5,160,858	$	5,160,858	$	—	$	—	$	—
Certificates of deposit	7	599,560		381,184		194,356		20,925		3,095
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	8	51,256		51,256		—		—		—
Short-term debt:
FHLB LOC	9	170,884		170,884		—		—		—
Long-term debt:
FHLB term advances (1)	9	140,000		140,000		—		—		—
Convertible notes payable	9	5,456		5,456		—		—		—
Subordinated debt	9	78,919		—		—		—		78,919
Operating leases	17	34,148		2,428		14,594		10,028		7,098
(1) Due to the increasing interest rate environment, we believe all of our FHLB term advances will be called upon the next due date, resulting in their repayment within the next year. For further information see Note 9 - Debt to the consolidated financial statements.

We are party to various derivative contracts as a means to manage the balance sheet and our related exposure to changes in interest rates, to manage our residential real estate loan origination and sale activity, and to provide derivative contracts to our clients. Since the derivative liabilities recorded on the balance sheet change frequently and do not represent the amounts that may ultimately be paid under these contracts, these liabilities are not included in the table of contractual

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obligations presented above. Further discussion of derivative instruments is included in Note 6 - Derivative Financial Instruments to the consolidated financial statements.

In the normal course of business, various legal actions and proceedings are pending against us and our affiliates which are incidental to the business in which they are engaged. Further discussion of contingent liabilities is included in Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies to the consolidated financial statements.

We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The contractual or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement we have in particular classes of financial instruments. Further discussion of contingent liabilities is included in Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies to the consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Refer to the discussion of market risks included in “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in the 2021 Form 10-K. There has been no material change in the types of market risks we face since December 31, 2021.

Management uses a simulation model to analyze the sensitivity of net interest income to changes in interest rates across various interest rate scenarios, which seeks to demonstrate the level of interest rate risk inherent in the existing balance sheet. The analysis holds the current balance sheet values constant and does not take into account management intervention. In addition, we assume certain correlation rates, often referred to as a “deposit beta,” for interest-bearing deposits, wherein the rates paid to customers change relative to changes in benchmark interest rates. The effect on net interest income over a 12-month time horizon due to hypothetical changes in market interest rates is presented in the table below. In this interest rate shock simulation, as of the periods presented, interest rates have been adjusted by instantaneous parallel changes rather than in a ramp simulation, which applies interest rate changes over time. All rates, short-term and long-term, are changed by the same amount (e.g., plus or minus 100 basis points) resulting in the shape of the yield curve remaining unchanged.


	% Change in Net Interest Income As of				% Change in Economic Value of Equity As of
Changes in Interest Rate (Basis Points)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
+300	14.1	%	24.9	%	(7.5)	%	(3.2)	%
+200	9.4	%	16.9	%	(4.7)	%	(1.9)	%
+100	4.6	%	8.4	%	(2.2)	%	(1.1)	%
Base	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
-100	(3.5)	%	(0.6)	%	1.6	%	1.2	%

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer), as of the end of the period covered by this report, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The design of any system of controls and procedures is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. There can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

FirstSun and its subsidiaries are from time to time subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. For further information regarding legal proceedings, see Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies in our unaudited consolidated financial statements contained in this report. One or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against us could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention and may materially adversely affect our reputation, even if resolved in our favor.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in the 2021 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2022. Our business involves significant risks. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in the 2021 Form 10-K, together with our audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes therein, as well as all of the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The risks and uncertainties described in our 2021 Form 10-K are not the only ones we face. Additional risk and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we deem immaterial may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. The realization of any of these risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, growth and future prospects as well as our ability to accomplish our strategic objectives.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities or issuer purchases of equity securities during the third quarter of 2022.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.						Description
31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

32.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.











101						The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, were formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		FIRSTSUN CAPITAL BANCORP
		(Registrant)
		/s/ Neal E. Arnold


Date:	November 10, 2022
		Neal E. Arnold
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
		/s/ Robert A. Cafera, Jr.


Date:	November 10, 2022
		Robert A. Cafera, Jr.
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)