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FLEETCOR TECHNOLOGIES INC - Quarter Report: 2016 March (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 __________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
 __________________________________________________________
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number: 001-35004
 __________________________________________________________
FleetCor Technologies, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 __________________________________________________________
Delaware
 
72-1074903
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
5445 Triangle Parkway, Norcross, Georgia
 
30,092
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (770) 449-0479
 __________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
ý
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class
 
Outstanding at April 14, 2016
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
 
92,551,028
 


Table of Contents

FLEETCOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
For the Three Period Ended March 31, 2016
INDEX
 
 
 
Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Share and Par Value Amounts)
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
399,318

 
$
447,152

Restricted cash
 
145,235

 
167,492

Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $24,033 and $21,903, at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)
 
880,808

 
638,954

Securitized accounts receivable—restricted for securitization investors
 
551,000

 
614,000

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
70,251

 
68,113

Deferred income taxes
 
7,969

 
8,913

Total current assets
 
2,054,581


1,944,624

Property and equipment
 
177,167

 
163,569

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
(91,562
)
 
(82,809
)
Net property and equipment
 
85,605


80,760

Goodwill
 
3,564,211

 
3,546,034

Other intangibles, net
 
2,155,157

 
2,183,595

Equity method investment
 
82,626

 
76,568

Other assets
 
69,650

 
58,225

Total assets
 
$
8,011,830


$
7,889,806

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
796,803

 
$
669,528

Accrued expenses
 
185,505

 
150,677

Customer deposits
 
471,109

 
507,233

Securitization facility
 
551,000

 
614,000

Current portion of notes payable and lines of credit
 
191,128

 
261,100

Other current liabilities
 
42,469

 
44,936

Total current liabilities
 
2,238,014


2,247,474

Notes payable and other obligations, less current portion
 
2,032,905

 
2,059,900

Deferred income taxes
 
713,404

 
713,428

Other noncurrent liabilities
 
39,738

 
38,957

Total noncurrent liabilities
 
2,786,047


2,812,285

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
 

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 475,000,000 shares authorized; 120,714,906 shares issued and 92,551,029 shares outstanding at March 31, 2016; and 120,539,041 shares issued and 92,376,335 shares outstanding at December 31, 2015
 
121

 
121

Additional paid-in capital
 
2,005,608

 
1,988,917

Retained earnings
 
1,876,308

 
1,766,336

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(539,609
)
 
(570,811
)
Less treasury stock, 28,163,877 and 28,162,706 shares at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively
 
(354,659
)
 
(354,516
)
Total stockholders’ equity
 
2,987,769


2,830,047

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
8,011,830


$
7,889,806

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Revenues, net
 
$
414,262

 
$
416,166

 
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant commissions
 
28,233

 
27,326

 
Processing
 
79,814

 
81,356

 
Selling
 
26,553

 
26,331

 
General and administrative
 
67,594

 
69,722

 
Depreciation and amortization
 
36,328

 
48,082

 
Other operating, net
 
(215
)
 
(425
)
 
Operating income
 
175,955


163,774


Equity method investment loss
 
2,193

 
2,700

 
Other expense, net
 
659

 
1,860

 
Interest expense, net
 
16,191

 
19,566

 
Total other expense
 
19,043


24,126


Income before taxes
 
156,912

 
139,648

 
Provision for income taxes
 
46,940

 
45,495

 
Net income
 
$
109,972


$
94,153


Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share
 
$
1.19

 
$
1.03

 
Diluted earnings per share
 
$
1.17

 
$
1.00

 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
 
92,516

 
91,750

 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
 
94,329

 
93,934

 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.


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FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In Thousands)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Net income
 
$
109,972

 
$
94,153

 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss), net of tax
 
31,202

 
(159,954
)
 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
 
31,202


(159,954
)

Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
141,174


$
(65,801
)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.


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FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In Thousands)
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
Operating activities
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
109,972

 
$
94,153

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
 
7,976

 
7,498

Stock-based compensation
 
15,186

 
16,951

Provision for losses on accounts receivable
 
6,836

 
8,145

Amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts
 
1,822

 
1,744

Amortization of intangible assets
 
27,362

 
39,771

Amortization of premium on receivables
 
990

 
813

Deferred income taxes
 
(2,128
)
 
(18,738
)
Equity method investment loss
 
2,193

 
2,700

Other non-cash operating gains
 
(215
)
 
(425
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions):
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
 
23,743

 
5,580

Accounts receivable
 
(182,761
)
 
(114,385
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
(2,086
)
 
1,695

Other assets
 
(11,696
)
 
(1,835
)
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation
 
(1,118
)
 
(6,418
)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and customer deposits
 
125,429

 
30,154

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
121,505


67,403

Investing activities
 
 
 
 
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
 
(9,006
)
 
(851
)
Purchases of property and equipment
 
(11,739
)
 
(8,105
)
Net cash used in investing activities
 
(20,745
)

(8,956
)
Financing activities
 
 
 
 
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation
 
1,118

 
6,418

Proceeds from issuance of common stock
 
387

 
2,571

(Payments) borrowings on securitization facility, net
 
(63,000
)
 
4,000

Principal payments on notes payable
 
(25,875
)
 
(25,875
)
Borrowings from revolver – A Facility
 
40,000

 

Payments on revolver – A Facility
 
(110,000
)
 
(120,736
)
Borrowings from swing line of credit, net
 

 
30,865

Payment of contingent consideration
 

 
(39,808
)
Other
 
(19
)
 
(76
)
Net cash used in financing activities
 
(157,389
)

(142,641
)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash
 
8,795

 
(13,482
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
(47,834
)
 
(97,676
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 
447,152

 
477,069

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$
399,318


$
379,393

Supplemental cash flow information
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
 
$
15,310

 
$
21,290

Cash paid for income taxes
 
$
11,824

 
$
15,992

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2016
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Throughout this report, the terms “our,” “we,” “us,” and the “Company” refers to FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The Company prepared the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation. These adjustments consist primarily of normal recurring accruals and estimates that impact the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Operating results for the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2016.
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at period-end. The related translation adjustments are made directly to accumulated other comprehensive income. Income and expenses are translated at the average monthly rates of exchange in effect during the period. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions of these subsidiaries are included in net income. The Company recognized foreign exchange losses of $0.7 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015, respectively, which are recorded within other expense, net in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.
Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements
As discussed in footnote 2 to the Company's 2015 consolidated financial statements, the Company corrected a misstatement and other comprehensive income to properly reflect the translation of certain acquired intangibles. Other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2015 has been revised from our previously reported loss of $93.1 million to be consistent with the presentation in the December 31, 2015 financial statements. The Company does not believe this revision is material to any prior period financial statements.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Going Concern
In August 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15 “Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”, which requires entities to perform interim and annual assessments of the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company’s adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, as it is disclosure based.
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which amends the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. This amended guidance requires revenue to be recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled for those goods and services when the performance obligation has been satisfied. This amended guidance also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and related cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date”, which defers the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)”, which clarifies how an entity should identify the unit of accounting for the principal versus agent evaluation and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements. This ASU is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, but permits companies the option to adopt as of the original effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of ASC 606. The guidance permits the use of either a retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company anticipates selecting the modified retrospective method during transition

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and is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of ASC 605 on the results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Simplification of Guidance on Debt Issuance Costs
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-3, “Interest—Imputation of Interest”, which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. This ASU is effective for us for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2015 and interim periods. Early adoption is permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15, “Interest-Imputation of Interest: Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements”, which is effective immediately. This SEC staff clarified that entities may continue presenting unamortized debt issuance costs for line-of-credit arrangements as an asset. The Company adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2016. As a result of the adoption of this ASU, $0.6 million and $1.5 million of unamortized debt issuance costs were retrospectively adjusted from prepaid expenses and other current assets to the current portion of notes payable and lines of credit and other assets to notes payable and other obligations, less current portion, respectively, in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015.
Simplification of Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes”, which requires entities to present deferred tax assets (DTAs) and deferred tax liabilities (DTLs) as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. It thus simplifies the current guidance, which requires entities to separately present DTAs and DTLs as current or noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. Netting of DTAs and DTLs by tax jurisdiction is still required under the new guidance. This ASU is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Accounting for Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases”, which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with the exception of short-term leases. This ASU also requires disclosures to provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. This ASU is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition and requires application of the new guidance for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Accounting for Breakage
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-04, “Liabilities-Extinguishments of Liabilities: Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products”, which requires entities that sell prepaid stored value products redeemable for goods, services or cash at third-party merchants to derecognize liabilities related to those products for breakage. This ASU is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU must be adopted using either a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption or a full retrospective approach. The Company’s adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Accounting for Employee Share-Based Payment
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”, which requires entities to record all tax effects of share-based awards to employees in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows an employer to repurchase more of an employee’s shares than currently allowed for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and to make a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. This ASU is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted, but all of the guidance must be adopted in the same period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
2. Accounts Receivable
The Company maintains a $950 million revolving trade accounts receivable Securitization Facility. Accounts receivable collateralized within our Securitization Facility relate to trade receivables resulting from charge card activity. Pursuant to the terms of the Securitization Facility, the Company transfers certain of its domestic receivables, on a revolving basis, to FleetCor Funding LLC (Funding) a wholly-owned bankruptcy remote subsidiary. In turn, Funding sells, without recourse, on a revolving basis, up to $950 million of undivided ownership interests in this pool of accounts receivable to a multi-seller, asset-backed commercial paper conduit (Conduit). Funding maintains a subordinated interest, in the form of over-collateralization, in a portion of the receivables sold to the Conduit. Purchases by the Conduit are financed with the sale of highly-rated commercial paper.

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The Company utilizes proceeds from the sale of its accounts receivable as an alternative to other forms of financing, to reduce its overall borrowing costs. The Company has agreed to continue servicing the sold receivables for the financial institution at market rates, which approximates the Company’s cost of servicing. The Company retains a residual interest in the accounts receivable sold as a form of credit enhancement. The residual interest’s fair value approximates carrying value due to its short-term nature. Funding determines the level of funding achieved by the sale of trade accounts receivable, subject to a maximum amount.
The Company’s consolidated balance sheets and statements of income reflect the activity related to securitized accounts receivable and the corresponding securitized debt, including interest income, fees generated from late payments, provision for losses on accounts receivable and interest expense. The cash flows from borrowings and repayments, associated with the securitized debt, are presented as cash flows from financing activities.
The Company’s accounts receivable and securitized accounts receivable include the following at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):  
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Gross domestic accounts receivable
 
$
526,502

 
$
338,275

Gross domestic securitized accounts receivable
 
551,000

 
614,000

Gross foreign receivables
 
378,339

 
322,582

Total gross receivables
 
1,455,841


1,274,857

Less allowance for doubtful accounts
 
(24,033
)
 
(21,903
)
Net accounts and securitized accounts receivable
 
$
1,431,808


$
1,252,954

A rollforward of the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts related to accounts receivable for three months ended March 31 is as follows (in thousands):
 
 
2016
 
2015
Allowance for doubtful accounts beginning of period
 
$
21,903

 
$
23,842

Provision for bad debts
 
6,836

 
8,145

Write-offs
 
(4,706
)
 
(10,018
)
Allowance for doubtful accounts end of period
 
$
24,033

 
$
21,969


Foreign receivables are not included in the Company’s accounts receivable securitization program. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there was $551 million and $614 million, respectively, of short-term debt outstanding under the Company’s accounts receivable Securitization Facility.
3. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is a market-based measurement that reflects assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. GAAP discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). These valuation techniques are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.
As the basis for evaluating such inputs, a three-tier value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
 
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar or identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

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The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities which are measured at fair values on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (in thousands). 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
March 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
 
$
133,173

 
$

 
$
133,173

 
$

Money market
 
55,108

 

 
55,108

 

Certificates of deposit
 
12,990

 

 
12,990

 

Total cash equivalents
 
$
201,271


$


$
201,271


$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
 
$
144,082

 
$

 
$
144,082

 
$

Money market
 
55,062

 

 
55,062

 

Certificates of deposit
 
9,373

 

 
9,373

 

Total cash equivalents
 
$
208,517


$


$
208,517


$


The Company has highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, with original maturities of 90 days or less, included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company utilizes Level 2 fair value determinations derived from directly or indirectly observable (market based) information to determine the fair value of these highly liquid investments. The Company has certain cash and cash equivalents that are invested on an overnight basis in repurchase agreements, money markets and certificates of deposit. The value of overnight repurchase agreements is determined based upon the quoted market prices for the treasury securities associated with the repurchase agreements. The value of money market instruments is the financial institutions' month-end statement, as these instruments are not tradable and must be settled directly by us with the respective financial institution. Certificates of deposit are valued at cost, plus interest accrued. Given the short term nature of these instruments, the carrying value approximates fair value.
The level within the fair value hierarchy and the measurement technique are reviewed quarterly. Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the end of the quarter. There were no transfers between fair value levels during the periods presented for 2016 and 2015.
The Company’s nonfinancial assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in connection with periodic testing for impairment include property, plant and equipment, equity method investment, goodwill and other intangible assets. As necessary, the Company generally uses projected cash flows, discounted as appropriate, to estimate the fair values of the assets using key inputs such as management’s projections of cash flows on a held-and-used basis (if applicable), management’s projections of cash flows upon disposition and discount rates. Accordingly, these fair value measurements are in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. These assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value on a nonrecurring basis if an impairment is identified.
The fair value of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, securitized accounts receivable and related facility, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, customer deposits and short-term borrowings approximate their respective carrying values due to the short-term maturities of the instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s debt obligations approximates fair value as the interest rates on the debt are variable market based interest rates that reset on a quarterly basis. These are each Level 2 fair value measurements, except for cash, which is a Level 1 fair value measurement.
4. Stockholders' Equity
On February 4, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Program") under which the Company may begin purchasing up to an aggregate of $500 million of its common stock over the next 18 months. Any stock repurchases may be made at times and in such amounts as deemed appropriate. The timing and amount of stock repurchases, if any, will depend on a variety of factors including the stock price, market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, and any additional constraints related to material inside information that the Company may possess. Any repurchases are expected to be funded by available cash flow from the business and working capital. There were no shares repurchased under Program during the three months ended March 31, 2016.


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5. Share Based Compensation
The Company has Stock Incentive Plans (the "Plans") pursuant to which the Company’s board of directors may grant stock options or restricted stock to employees. The table below summarizes the expense recognized related to share-based payments recognized for the three month periods ended March 31 (in thousands): 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Stock options
 
$
9,244

 
$
4,358

 
Restricted stock
 
5,942

 
12,593

 
Stock-based compensation
 
$
15,186


$
16,951


The tax benefits recorded on stock based compensation were $5.1 million and $5.6 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The following table summarizes the Company’s total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock-based compensation as of March 31, 2016 (cost in thousands):
 
 
Unrecognized
Compensation
Cost
 
Weighted Average
Period of Expense
Recognition
(in Years)
Stock options
 
$
60,771

 
1.04
Restricted stock
 
15,325

 
1.11
Total
 
$
76,096

 
 
Stock Options
Stock options are granted with an exercise price estimated to be equal to the fair market value on the date of grant as authorized by the Company’s board of directors. Options granted have vesting provisions ranging from one to six years and vesting of the options is generally based on the passage of time or performance. Stock option grants are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting.

The following summarizes the changes in the number of shares of common stock under option for the three month period ended March 31, 2016 (shares and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Options
Exercisable
at End of
Period
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price of
Exercisable
Options
 
Weighted
Average Fair
Value of
Options
Granted 
During the Period
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
 
5,003

 
$
72.72

 
2,545

 
$
26.82

 
 
 
$
351,277

Granted
 
1,114

 
115.14

 
 
 
 
 
$
24.02

 
 
Exercised
 
(4
)
 
106.83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Forfeited
 
(10
)
 
155.65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2016
 
6,103

 
$
80.31

 
3,011

 
$
45.10

 
 
 
$
417,748

Expected to vest as of March 31, 2016
 
6,103

 
$
80.31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable at March 31, 2016 was $312.1 million. The weighted average remaining contractual term of options exercisable at March 31, 2016 was 5.4 years.

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The fair value of stock option awards granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, with the following weighted-average assumptions for grants or modifications during the period:
 
 
March 31
 
 
2016
 
2015
Risk-free interest rate
 
1.11
%
 
1.29
%
Dividend yield
 

 

Expected volatility
 
27.36
%
 
28.51
%
Expected life (in years)
 
3.3

 
4.0

Restricted Stock
Awards of restricted stock and restricted stock units are independent of stock option grants and are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting. The vesting of shares granted is generally based on the passage of time or performance, or a combination of these. Shares vesting based on the passage of time have vesting provisions of one year.
The following table summarizes the changes in the number of shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2016 (shares in thousands):
 
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
 
497

 
$
149.40

Granted
 
104

 
118.79

Vested
 
(180
)
 
152.63

Cancelled
 
(30
)
 
151.66

Outstanding at March 31, 2016
 
391

 
$
139.82

6. Acquisitions
2016 Acquisition

On March 14, 2016, the Company signed a definitive agreement to acquire all of the outstanding stock of Serviços e Tecnologia de Pagamentos S.A. (“STP”), from a shareholder group including concessionaires CCR S.A., and Arteris S.A., Raizen Combustiveis S.A. (a joint venture between Shell and Cosan), and others (the “Acquisition”). STP is an electronic toll payments company in Brazil and provides cardless fuel payments at a number of Shell sites throughout Brazil. The purpose of this acquisition is to strengthen the Company's presence in the Brazilian marketplace. The transaction price is denominated in Reals and is stated in the agreement at R$4.086 billion, which is subject to adjustment through closing. We anticipate the price at closing to be approximately R$4.2 billion, including adjustments, approximately US$1.14 billion at exchange rates at March 31, 2016. The Company will finance the acquisition using a combination of existing cash and borrowings under its existing credit facility. The Company expects the acquisition to close in the third quarter of 2016, subject to regulatory approvals.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company made additional investments of $4.9 million related to its equity method investment at Masternaut Group Holdings Limited ("Masternaut") and deferred payments of $3.4 million related to acquisitions occurring in prior years, as well as a small tuck-in acquisition in Brazil.

2015 Acquisitions

During 2015, the Company completed acquisitions of Shell portfolios related to our fuel card businesses in Europe, as well as a small acquisition internationally, with an aggregate purchase price of $45.7 million, made additional investments of $8.4 million related to Masternaut and deferred payments of $3.4 million related to acquisitions occurring in prior years.


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The following table summarizes the preliminary acquisition accounting for the acquisitions completed during 2015 (in thousands):
 
Trade and other receivables
$
521

Prepaid expenses and other
996

Property and equipment
197

Goodwill
9,561

Other intangible assets
39,890

Deferred tax liabilities
(2,350
)
Liabilities assumed
(2,437
)
Aggregate purchase prices
$
46,378

 
 
The estimated fair value of intangible assets acquired and the related estimated useful lives consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
Useful Lives
(in Years) 
 
Value 
 
Customer relationships
14-20
$
39,890

 
 
$
39,890

The 2015 acquisitions were not material individually or in the aggregate to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The accounting for certain of these acquisitions is preliminary pending completing the valuation of intangible assets, income taxes and evaluation of acquired contingencies.
7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
A summary of changes in the Company’s goodwill by reportable business segment is as follows (in thousands): 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Dispositions
Purchase Price
Adjustments
 
Foreign
Currency
 
March 31, 2016
Segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
2,640,409

 
$

$

 
$

 
$
2,640,409

International
 
905,625

 
(684
)
163

 
18,698

 
923,802

 
 
$
3,546,034


$
(684
)
$
163


$
18,698


$
3,564,211

As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, other intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
Weighted-
Avg
Useful
Lives
(Years)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amounts
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amounts
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Customer and vendor agreements
 
18.4
 
$
2,072,522

 
$
(350,105
)
 
$
1,722,417

 
$
2,071,928

 
$
(329,664
)
 
$
1,742,264

Trade names and trademarks—indefinite lived
 
N/A
 
321,505

 

 
321,505

 
318,048

 

 
318,048

Trade names and trademarks—other
 
14.5
 
2,865

 
(1,902
)
 
963

 
3,067

 
(2,058
)
 
1,009

Software
 
5.1
 
166,820

 
(61,046
)
 
105,774

 
170,085

 
(54,250
)
 
115,835

Non-compete agreements
 
4.9
 
13,549

 
(9,051
)
 
4,498

 
15,209

 
(8,770
)
 
6,439

Total other intangibles
 
 
 
$
2,577,261


$
(422,104
)

$
2,155,157


$
2,578,337


$
(394,742
)

$
2,183,595


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Changes in foreign exchange rates resulted in a $1.5 million decrease to the carrying values of other intangible assets in the three months ended March 31, 2016. Amortization expense related to intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $27.4 million and $39.8 million, respectively.

8. Debt
The Company’s debt instruments consist primarily of term notes, revolving lines of credit and a Securitization Facility as follows (in thousands):
 
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Term note payable—domestic(a), net of discounts
 
$
2,132,111

 
$
2,157,376

Revolving line of credit A Facility—domestic(a)
 
90,000

 
160,000

Revolving line of credit A Facility—foreign(a)
 

 

Other debt(c)
 
1,922

 
3,624

Total notes payable and other obligations
 
2,224,033


2,321,000

Securitization Facility(b)
 
551,000

 
614,000

Total notes payable, credit agreements and Securitization Facility
 
$
2,775,033


$
2,935,000

Current portion
 
$
742,128

 
$
875,100

Long-term portion
 
2,032,905

 
2,059,900

Total notes payable, credit agreements and Securitization Facility
 
$
2,775,033


$
2,935,000

 ______________________
(a)
On October 24, 2014, the Company entered into a $3.355 billion Credit Agreement, which provides for senior secured credit facilities consisting of (a) a revolving A credit facility in the amount of $1.0 billion, with sublimits for letters of credit, swing line loans and multi-currency borrowings, (b) a revolving B facility in the amount of $35 million for loans in Australian Dollars or New Zealand Dollars, (c) a term loan A facility in the amount of $2.02 billion and (d) a term loan B facility in the amount of $300 million. The Credit Agreement also contains an accordion feature for borrowing an additional $500 million in term A or revolver A and term B. The stated maturity dates for the term loan A, revolving loans, and letters of credit under the New Credit Agreement is November 14, 2019 and November 14, 2021 for the term loan B. The Company has unamortized debt discounts of $5.4 million related to the term A facility and $1.1 million related to the term B facility at March 31, 2016.
(b)
The Company is party to a $950 million receivables purchase agreement ("Securitization Facility") that was amended and restated on December 1, 2015. There is a program fee equal to one month LIBOR and the Commercial Paper Rate of 0.48% plus 0.90% and 0.43% plus 0.90% as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The unused facility fee is payable at a rate of 0.40% per annum as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
(c)
Other debt includes the long-term portion of contingent consideration and deferred payments associated with certain of our businesses.
The Company was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants at March 31, 2016.

9. Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes differs from amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal tax rate of 35% to income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 due to the following (in thousands):
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
Computed “expected” tax expense
 
$
54,919

 
35.0
 %
 
$
48,877

 
35.0
 %
Changes resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign income tax differential
 
(4,769
)
 
(3.0
)%
 
(4,495
)
 
(3.2
)%
State taxes net of federal benefits
 
1,832

 
1.1
 %
 
1,994

 
1.4
 %
Foreign-sourced nontaxable income
 
(2,178
)
 
(1.4
)%
 
(2,882
)
 
(2.0
)%
Other
 
(2,864
)
 
(1.8
)%
 
2,001

 
1.4
 %
Provision for income taxes
 
$
46,940

 
29.9
 %
 
$
45,495

 
32.6
 %


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10. Earnings Per Share
The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reported period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution related to equity-based incentives using the treasury stock method. The calculation and reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31 (in thousands, except per share data) follows:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Net income
 
$
109,972

 
$
94,153

 
Denominator for basic earnings per share
 
92,516

 
91,750

 
Dilutive securities
 
1,813

 
2,184

 
Denominator for diluted earnings per share
 
94,329


93,934


Basic earnings per share
 
$
1.19

 
$
1.03

 
Diluted earnings per share
 
$
1.17

 
$
1.00

 
Diluted earnings per share for the three month period ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, excludes the effect of 1.8 million and 1.1 million shares of common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of employee stock options because such effect would be antidilutive. Diluted earnings per share also excludes the effect of 0.3 million and 0.5 million shares of performance based restricted stock for which the performance criteria have not yet been achieved for the three month period ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
11. Segments
The Company reports information about its operating segments in accordance with the authoritative guidance related to segments. The Company’s reportable segments represent components of the business for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in determining how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company operates in two reportable segments, North America and International. There were no inter-segment sales.

The Company’s segment results are as follows for the three month period ended March 31 (in thousands):
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Revenues, net:
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
303,548

 
$
298,813

 
International
 
110,714

 
117,353

 
 
 
$
414,262


$
416,166


Operating income:
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
113,850

 
$
109,766

 
International
 
62,105

 
54,008

 
 
 
$
175,955


$
163,774


Depreciation and amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
31,432

 
$
31,922

 
International
 
4,896

 
16,160

 
 
 
$
36,328


$
48,082


Capital expenditures:
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
7,942

 
$
4,224

 
International
 
3,797

 
3,881

 
 
 
$
11,739


$
8,105



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12. Commitments and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various pending or threatened legal actions. The Company has recorded reserves for certain legal proceedings. The amounts recorded are estimated and as additional information becomes available, the Company will reassess the potential liability related to legal actions and revise its estimate in the period that information becomes known. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability, if any, with respect to these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

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Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. See “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”. All foreign currency amounts that have been converted into U.S. dollars in this discussion are based on the exchange rate as reported by OANDA for the applicable periods.
This management’s discussion and analysis should also be read in conjunction with the management’s discussion and analysis and consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
General Business
FleetCor is a leading independent global provider of fuel cards, commercial payment and data solutions, stored value solutions, and workforce payment products and services to businesses, retailers, commercial fleets, major oil companies, petroleum marketers and government entities in countries throughout North America, South America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Our payment programs enable our customers to better manage and control their commercial payments, card programs, and employee spending and provide card-accepting merchants with a high volume customer base that can increase their sales and customer loyalty. We also provide a suite of fleet related and workforce payment solution products, including a mobile telematics service, fleet maintenance management and employee benefit and transportation related payments. In 2015, we processed approximately 1.9 billion transactions on our proprietary networks and third-party networks (which includes approximately 1.3 billion transactions related to our Stored Value Solutions ("SVS") product, acquired with Comdata). We believe that our size and scale, geographic reach, advanced technology and our expansive suite of products, services, brands and proprietary networks contribute to our leading industry position.
We provide our payment products and services in a variety of combinations to create customized payment solutions for our customers and partners. We collectively refer to our suite of product offerings as workforce productivity enhancement products for commercial businesses. We sell a range of customized fleet and lodging payment programs directly and indirectly to our customers through partners, such as major oil companies, leasing companies and petroleum marketers. We refer to these major oil companies, leasing companies, petroleum marketers, value-added resellers (VARs) and other referral partners with whom we have strategic relationships as our “partners.” We provide our customers with various card products that typically function like a charge card to purchase fuel, lodging, food, toll, transportation and related products and services at participating locations.
We support our products with specialized issuing, processing and information services that enable us to manage card accounts, facilitate the routing, authorization, clearing and settlement of transactions, and provide value-added functionality and data, including customizable card-level controls and productivity analysis tools. In order to deliver our payment programs and services and process transactions, we own and operate proprietary “closed-loop” networks through which we electronically connect to merchants and capture, analyze and report customized information in North America and internationally. We also use third-party networks to deliver our payment programs and services in order to broaden our card acceptance and use. To support our payment products, we also provide a range of services, such as issuing and processing, as well as specialized information services that provide our customers with value-added functionality and data. Our customers can use this data to track important business productivity metrics, combat fraud and employee misuse, streamline expense administration and lower overall workforce and fleet operating costs. Depending on our customer’s and partner’s needs, we provide these services in a variety of outsourced solutions ranging from a comprehensive “end-to-end” solution (encompassing issuing, processing and network services) to limited back office processing services.
Executive Overview
Segments
We operate in two segments, which we refer to as our North America and International segments. Our revenue is reported net of the wholesale cost for underlying products and services. In this report, we refer to this net revenue as “revenue.” See “Results of Operations” for additional segment information.
 

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For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, our North America and International segments generated the following revenue:

 
 
March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
(dollars in millions)
 
Revenue
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
Revenue
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
North America
 
$
303.6

 
73.3
%
 
$
298.8

 
71.8
%
 
International
 
110.7

 
26.7
%
 
117.4

 
28.2
%
 
 
 
$
414.3

 
100.0
%
 
$
416.2

 
100.0
%
 
Sources of Revenue
Transactions. In both of our segments, we derive revenue from transactions. As illustrated in the diagram below, a transaction is defined as a purchase by a customer. Our customers include holders of our card products and those of our partners, for whom we manage card programs, members of our proprietary networks who are provided access to our products and services and commercial businesses to whom we provide workforce payment productivity solutions. Revenue from transactions is derived from our merchant and network relationships, as well as our customers and partners. Through our merchant and network relationships we primarily offer fuel cards, corporate cards, virtual cards, purchasing cards, T&E cards, gift cards, stored value payroll cards, vehicle maintenance, food, fuel, toll and transportation cards and vouchers and lodging services to our customers.
The following diagram illustrates a typical card transaction flow, but may also be applied to our vehicle maintenance, lodging and food, fuel, toll and transportation card and voucher products, substituting transactions for gallons. This representative model may not include all of our businesses.
Illustrative Transaction Flow
From our customers and partners, we derive revenue from a variety of program fees, including transaction fees, card fees, network fees and charges, which can be fixed fees, cost plus a mark-up or based on a percentage discount from retail prices. Our programs include other fees and charges associated with late payments and based on customer credit risk.
From our merchant and network relationships, we derive revenue mostly from the difference between the price charged to a customer for a transaction and the price paid to the merchant or network for the same transaction, as well as network fees and charges in certain businesses. As illustrated in the table below, the price paid to a merchant or network may be calculated as (i) the merchant’s wholesale cost of the product plus a markup; (ii) the transaction purchase price less a percentage discount; or (iii) the transaction purchase price less a fixed fee per unit.
The following table presents an illustrative revenue model for transactions with the merchant, which is primarily applicable to fuel based product transactions, but may also be applied to our vehicle maintenance, lodging and food, fuel, toll and transportation card and voucher products, substituting transactions for gallons. This representative model may not include all of our businesses.

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Illustrative Revenue Model for Fuel Purchases
(unit of one gallon)
Illustrative Revenue
Model
 
 
 
Merchant Payment Methods
Retail Price
 
$
3.00

 
i) Cost Plus Mark-up:
 
 
ii) Percentage Discount:
 
iii) Fixed Fee:
Wholesale Cost
 
(2.86
)
 
Wholesale Cost
 
$
2.86

 
Retail Price
 
$
3.00

 
Retail Price
 
$
3.00

 
 
 
 
Mark-up
 
0.05

 
Discount (3%)
 
(0.09
)
 
Fixed Fee
 
(0.09
)
FleetCor Revenue
 
$
0.14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant Commission
 
$
(0.05
)
 
Price Paid to Merchant
 
$
2.91

 
Price Paid to Merchant
 
$
2.91

 
Price Paid to Merchant
 
$
2.91

Price Paid to Merchant
 
$
2.91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Set forth below are our sources of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, expressed as a percentage of consolidated revenues:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Revenue from customers and partners
 
66.1
%
 
63.2
%
 
Revenue from merchants and networks
 
33.9
%
 
36.8
%
 
 
 
100.0
%

100.0
%

Revenue directly tied to fuel-price spreads1
 
12.5
%
 
13.7
%
 
Revenue directly influenced by the absolute price of fuel 1
 
13.4
%
 
14.5
%
 
Revenue from program fees, late fees, interest and other
 
74.1
%
 
71.8
%
 
 
 
100.0
%

100.0
%

 
1 
Although we cannot precisely calculate the absolute impact of fuel price spreads and the absolute price of fuel on our consolidated revenues, we believe these percentages approximate their relative impacts.
Revenue per transaction. Set forth below is revenue per transaction information for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015: 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Transactions (in millions)2
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
434.5

 
384.5

 
International
 
52.5

 
46.8

 
Total transactions
 
487.0


431.3


Revenue per transaction
 

 

 
North America
 
$
0.70

 
$
0.78

 
International
 
2.11

 
2.51

 
Consolidated revenue per transaction
 
0.85

 
0.96

 
Consolidated adjusted revenue per transaction3
 
0.79

 
0.90

 
 
2 
Transactions in the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 include approximately 342 million and 301 million transactions, respectively, related to our SVS product, which is part of the Comdata business acquired in November 2014. SVS, Stored Value Solutions, is our global provider of gift card and stored value solutions. The SVS product has a lower revenue per transaction product.
3 
Adjusted revenues is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as revenues, net less merchant commissions. We believe this measure is a more effective way to evaluate our revenue performance. We use adjusted revenues as a basis to evaluate our revenues, net of the commissions that are paid to merchants to participate in our card programs. Adjusted revenues is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure of operating performance. See the heading entitled “Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Revenue per transaction is derived from the various revenue types as discussed above and can vary based on geography, the relevant merchant relationship, the payment product utilized and the types of products or services purchased, the mix of which

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would be influenced by our acquisitions, organic growth in our business, and the overall macroeconomic environment, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Revenue per transaction per customer changes as the level of services we provide to a customer increases or decreases, as macroeconomic factors change and as adjustments are made to merchant and customer rates. See “Results of Operations” for further discussion of transaction volumes and revenue per transaction.
For the three months ended March 31, 2016, transaction volumes increased 12.9% to 487.0 million transactions compared to 431.3 million transactions in the comparable period of 2015. North American segment transactions grew 13.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to growth in our MasterCard and SVS businesses. Transaction volumes in our international segment increased by 12.3% in the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to additional transactions from a small acquisition in Brazil and the addition of new Shell markets in 2015.
Sources of Expenses
We incur expenses in the following categories:
 
Merchant commissions—In certain of our card programs, we incur merchant commissions expense when we reimburse merchants with whom we have direct, contractual relationships for specific transactions where a customer purchases products or services from the merchant. In the card programs where it is paid, merchant commissions equal the difference between the price paid by us to the merchant and the merchant’s wholesale cost of the underlying products or services.
Processing—Our processing expense consists of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing our customers and merchants, bad debt expense and cost of goods sold related to our hardware sales in certain businesses.
Selling—Our selling expenses consist primarily of wages, benefits, sales commissions (other than merchant commissions) and related expenses for our sales, marketing and account management personnel and activities.
General and administrative—Our general and administrative expenses include compensation and related expenses (including stock-based compensation) for our executives, finance and accounting, information technology, human resources, legal and other administrative personnel. Also included are facilities expenses, third-party professional services fees, travel and entertainment expenses, and other corporate-level expenses.
Depreciation and amortization—Our depreciation expenses include depreciation of property and equipment, consisting of computer hardware and software (including proprietary software development amortization expense), card-reading equipment, furniture, fixtures, vehicles and buildings and leasehold improvements related to office space. Our amortization expenses include amortization of intangible assets related to customer and vendor relationships, trade names and trademarks and non-compete agreements. We are amortizing intangible assets related to business acquisitions and certain private label contracts associated with the purchase of accounts receivable.
Other operating, net—Our other operating, net includes other operating expenses and income items unusual to the period and presented separately.
Equity method investment loss—Our equity method investment loss relates to our minority interest in Masternaut, a provider of telematics solutions to commercial fleets in Europe, which we account for using the equity method.
Other (income) expense, net—Our other (income) expense, net includes foreign currency transaction gains or losses, proceeds/costs from the sale of assets and other miscellaneous operating costs and revenue.
Interest expense, net—Our interest expense, net includes interest income on our cash balances and interest expense on our outstanding debt and on our Securitization Facility. We have historically invested our cash primarily in short-term money market funds.
Provision for income taxes—Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of corporate income taxes related to profits resulting from the sale of our products and services in the United States and internationally. Our worldwide effective tax rate is lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 35%, due primarily to lower rates in foreign jurisdictions and foreign-sourced non-taxable income.

Adjusted Revenues, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Per Diluted Share. Set forth below are adjusted revenues, adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
2016
 
2015
 
Adjusted revenues
 
$
386,029

 
$
388,840

 
Adjusted net income
 
$
144,253

 
$
135,943

 
Adjusted net income per diluted share
 
$
1.53

 
$
1.45

 

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We use adjusted revenues as a basis to evaluate our revenues, net of the commissions that are paid to merchants that participate in certain of our card programs. The commissions paid to merchants can vary when market spreads fluctuate in much the same way as revenues are impacted when market spreads fluctuate. Thus, we believe this is a more effective way to evaluate our revenue performance on a consistent basis. We use adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share to eliminate the effect of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance on a consistent basis. Adjusted revenues, adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of operating performance. See the heading entitled “Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Factors and Trends Impacting our Business
We believe that the following factors and trends are important in understanding our financial performance:
 
Fuel prices—Our fleet customers use our products and services primarily in connection with the purchase of fuel. Accordingly, our revenue is affected by fuel prices, which are subject to significant volatility. A change in retail fuel prices could cause a decrease or increase in our revenue from several sources, including fees paid to us based on a percentage of each customer’s total purchase. Changes in the absolute price of fuel may also impact unpaid account balances and the late fees and charges based on these amounts. See “Sources of Revenue” above for further information related to the absolute price of fuel.
Fuel-price spread volatility—A portion of our revenue involves transactions where we derive revenue from fuel-price spreads, which is the difference between the price charged to a fleet customer for a transaction and the price paid to the merchant for the same transaction. In these transactions, the price paid to the merchant is based on the wholesale cost of fuel. The merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel is dependent on several factors including, among others, the factors described above affecting fuel prices. The fuel price that we charge to our customer is dependent on several factors including, among others, the fuel price paid to the merchant, posted retail fuel prices and competitive fuel prices. We experience fuel-price spread contraction when the merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel increases at a faster rate than the fuel price we charge to our customers, or the fuel price we charge to our customers decreases at a faster rate than the merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel. See “Sources of Revenue” above for further information related to fuel-price spreads.
Acquisitions—Since 2002, we have completed over 65 acquisitions of companies and commercial account portfolios. Acquisitions have been an important part of our growth strategy, and it is our intention to continue to seek opportunities to increase our customer base and diversify our service offering through further strategic acquisitions. The impact of acquisitions has, and may continue to have, a significant impact on our results of operations and may make it difficult to compare our results between periods.
Interest rates—Our results of operations are affected by interest rates. We are exposed to market risk to changes in interest rates on our cash investments and debt.
Global economic environment—Our results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the economy generally, both in North America and internationally. Factors affected by the economy include our transaction volumes and the credit risk of our customers. These factors affected our businesses in both our North America and International segments.
Foreign currency changes—Our results of operations are significantly impacted by changes in foreign currency rates; namely, by movements of the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, Canadian dollar, Czech koruna, Euro, Mexican peso, New Zealand dollar and Russian ruble, relative to the U.S. dollar. Approximately 73% and 72% of our revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, was derived in U.S. dollars and was not affected by foreign currency exchange rates as compared to approximately 72%, 56% and 51% of our revenue for the year in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. See “Results of Operations” for information related to foreign currency impact on our total revenue, net.
Expenses— Over the long term, we expect that our general and administrative expense will decrease as a percentage of revenue as our revenue increases. To support our expected revenue growth, we plan to continue to incur additional sales and marketing expense by investing in our direct marketing, third-party agents, internet marketing, telemarketing and field sales force.


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Results of Operations
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015
The following table sets forth selected consolidated statement of income data for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands).
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
 
% of total
revenue
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
 
% of total
revenue
 
Increase
(decrease)
 
% Change
Revenues, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
303,548

 
73.3
 %
 
$
298,813

 
71.8
 %
 
$
4,735

 
1.6
 %
International
 
110,714

 
26.7
 %
 
117,353

 
28.2
 %
 
(6,639
)
 
(5.7
)%
Total revenues, net
 
414,262

 
100.0
 %
 
416,166

 
100.0
 %
 
(1,904
)
 
(0.5
)%
Consolidated operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant commissions
 
28,233

 
6.8
 %
 
27,326

 
6.6
 %
 
907

 
3.3
 %
Processing
 
79,814

 
19.3
 %
 
81,356

 
19.5
 %
 
(1,542
)
 
(1.9
)%
Selling
 
26,553

 
6.4
 %
 
26,331

 
6.3
 %
 
222

 
0.8
 %
General and administrative
 
67,594

 
16.3
 %
 
69,722

 
16.8
 %
 
(2,128
)
 
(3.1
)%
Depreciation and amortization
 
36,328

 
8.8
 %
 
48,082

 
11.6
 %
 
(11,754
)
 
(24.4
)%
Other operating, net
 
(215
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
(425
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
210

 
49.4
 %
Operating income
 
175,955

 
42.5
 %
 
163,774

 
39.4
 %
 
12,181

 
7.4
 %
Equity method investment loss
 
2,193

 
0.5
 %
 
2,700

 
0.6
 %
 
(507
)
 
(18.8
)%
Other expense, net
 
659

 
0.2
 %
 
1,860

 
0.4
 %
 
(1,201
)
 
(64.6
)%
Interest expense, net
 
16,191

 
3.9
 %
 
19,566

 
4.7
 %
 
(3,375
)
 
(17.2
)%
Provision for income taxes
 
46,940

 
11.3
 %
 
45,495

 
10.9
 %
 
1,445

 
3.2
 %
Net income
 
$
109,972

 
26.5
 %
 
$
94,153

 
22.6
 %
 
$
15,819

 
16.8
 %
Operating income for segments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
113,850

 
 
 
$
109,766

 
 
 
$
4,084

 
3.7
 %
International
 
62,105

 
 
 
54,008

 
 
 
8,097

 
15.0
 %
Operating income
 
$
175,955

 
 
 
$
163,774

 
 
 
$
12,181

 
7.4
 %
Operating margin for segments:
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
North America
 
37.5
%
 
 
 
36.7
%
 
 
 
0.8
%
 
 
International
 
56.1
%
 
 
 
46.0
%
 
 
 
10.1
%
 
 
Total
 
42.5
%
 
 
 
39.4
%
 
 
 
3.1
%
 
 
The sum of the columns and rows may not equal the total or differences due to rounding.

Revenues and revenue per transaction
Our consolidated revenues decreased from $416.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $414.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $1.9 million, or 0.5%. The decrease in our consolidated revenue was primarily due to:

The impact of the macroeconomic environment. Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a negative impact on our consolidated segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015 by approximately $38 million. We believe the impact of lower fuel prices, primarily in the U.S., and lower fuel spread margins, had an unfavorable impact on consolidated revenues of approximately $25 million. Additionally, changes in foreign exchange rates had an unfavorable impact on consolidated revenues of approximately $13 million due to unfavorable fluctuations in rates in most geographies in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to 2015.

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The negative impact of the macroeconomic environment was partially offset by organic growth in certain of our payment programs driven primarily by increases in both volume and revenue in certain of our businesses.
Excluding the negative impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $38 million, consolidated revenue growth was approximately 9% in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to 2015.
Consolidated revenue per transaction decreased from $0.96 in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $0.85 in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $0.11 or 11.8%. Excluding the impact of the SVS business, which had approximately 342 million and 301 million transactions in the first quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively, at a lower revenue per transaction, revenue per transaction for the first quarter of 2016 decreased 10.6% to $2.56 from $2.87 in the first quarter of 2015. Excluding the negative impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $38 million, revenue per transaction would have been $2.82 in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $2.87 in 2015. Revenue per transaction can vary based on the geography, the relevant merchant and customer relationship, the payment product utilized, and the types of products or services purchased. The revenue mix was influenced by our acquisitions, organic growth in the business, and fluctuations in the macroeconomic environment, including fuel prices, fuel spread margins and foreign exchange rates.
North America segment revenues and revenue per transaction
North America revenues increased from $298.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $303.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $4.7 million, or 1.6%. The increase in our North America segment revenue was primarily due to:

Organic growth in certain of our payment programs driven primarily by increases in both volume and revenue in certain of our businesses.
The impact of the macroeconomic environment. Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a negative impact on our North America segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015 by approximately $24 million, primarily due to the impact of lower fuel prices in the U.S. and lower fuel spread margins.
Excluding the negative impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $24 million, North America revenue growth was approximately 10% in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to 2015.

North America segment revenue per transaction decreased from $0.78 in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $0.70 in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $0.08 or 10.1%. Excluding the impact of the SVS business, which had approximately 342 million and 301 million transactions in the first quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively, at a lower revenue per transaction, revenue per transaction in our North America segment for the first quarter of 2016 decreased 8.0% to $2.83 from $3.07 in the first quarter of 2015. Excluding the negative impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $24 million, revenue per transaction would have been $3.09 in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $3.07 in 2015. Revenue per transaction can vary based on the geography, the relevant merchant and customer relationship, the payment product utilized, and the types of products or services purchased. Revenue per transaction decreased primarily due to lower fuel prices and lower fuel spread margins during the quarter versus the prior year quarter.
International segment revenues and revenue per transaction
International segment revenues decreased from $117.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $110.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $6.6 million, or 5.7%. The decrease in our International segment revenue was primarily due to:
 
The impact of the macroeconomic environment. Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a negative impact on our International segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to unfavorable fluctuations in foreign exchange rates in most geographies where we do business of approximately $13 million, as well as slightly lower fuel prices internationally.
Organic growth in certain of our payment programs driven by increases in both volume and revenue in certain of our businesses.
Excluding the negative impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $14 million, International revenue growth was approximately 6% in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to 2015.
International segment revenue per transaction decreased from $2.51 in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $2.11 in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $0.40 per transaction or 16.0%, due primarily to the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates across all of our geographies and the impact of a small tuck-in acquisition, which has a lower revenue per transaction than our other products. Excluding the negative impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $14 million, as well as approximately 7 million transactions at a small tuck-in acquisition which had transactions at a very low

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revenue per transaction, our International revenue per transaction would have been $2.72 in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $2.51 in 2015.
Consolidated operating expenses
Merchant commissions. Merchant commissions increased from $27.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $28.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $0.9 million, or 3.3%. This increase was due primarily to the fluctuation of the margin between the wholesale cost and retail price of fuel, which impacted merchant commissions in certain card programs, as well as the impact of higher volume in certain revenue streams where merchant commissions are paid, partially offset by decreases due to the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
Processing. Processing expenses decreased from $81.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $79.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $1.5 million, or 1.9%. Our processing expenses primarily decreased due to the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, which was partially offset by increases in spending related to our Shell Europe business.
Selling. Selling expenses increased from $26.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $26.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $0.2 million, or 0.8%. Increases in spending in certain markets, including in our Shell Europe business, were partially offset by the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased from $69.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $67.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $2.1 million, or 3.1%. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in stock based compensation of $1.8 million from 2015 to 2016 and the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by increases in spending related to our Shell Europe business .

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased from $48.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $36.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $11.8 million, or 24.4%. The decrease was due to a $10.2 million adjustment resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates.

Equity method investment loss. The decrease in equity method investment loss from $2.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $2.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 was partially due to the impact of restructuring the operations of the business throughout 2015.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense decreased from $19.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $16.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $3.4 million, or 17.2%. The decrease in interest expense is primarily due to the impact of delevering from the first quarter of 2015 through the first quarter of 2016 and overall lower interest rates. The following table sets forth the average interest rates paid on borrowings under our Credit Facility, excluding the relevant unused credit facility fees.

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
Term loan A
 
1.93
%
 
2.09
%
Term loan B
 
3.75
%
 
3.75
%
Domestic Revolver A
 
1.92
%
 
2.09
%
Foreign Revolver A
 
%
 
2.42
%
Foreign swing line
 
%
 
2.39
%
The average unused credit facility fee for Domestic Revolver A was 0.30% and 0.38% in the three month period ending March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes increased from $45.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $46.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $1.4 million, or 3.2%. We provide for income taxes during interim periods based on an estimate of our effective tax rate for the year. Discrete items and changes in the estimate of the annual tax rate are recorded in the period they occur. Our effective tax rate decreased from 32.6% for three months ended March 31, 2015 to 29.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in the effective tax rate was due primarily to U.S. tax planning initiatives that were implemented in the third and fourth quarters of 2015 and was due to certain other tax favorable discrete items booked in the three months ended March 31, 2016.

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We pay taxes in many different taxing jurisdictions, including the U.S., most U.S. states and many non-U.S. jurisdictions. The tax rates in certain non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions are lower than the U.S. tax rate. Consequently, as our earnings fluctuate between taxing jurisdictions, our effective tax rate fluctuates.
Net income. For the reasons discussed above, our net income increased from $94.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $110.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $15.8 million, or 16.8%.
Operating income and operating margin
Consolidated operating income. Operating income increased from $163.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $176.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $12.2 million, or 7.4%. Our operating margin was 39.4% and 42.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The increase in operating income was due primarily to the impact of lower foreign exchange rates on expenses and a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense.
For the purpose of segment operating results, we calculate segment operating income by subtracting segment operating expenses from segment revenue. Segment operating margin is calculated by dividing segment operating income by segment revenue.

North America segment operating income. North America operating income increased from $109.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $113.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $4.1 million, or 3.7%. North America operating margin was 36.7% and 37.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

International segment operating income. International operating income increased from $54.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $62.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $8.1 million, or 15.0%. International operating margin was 46.0% and 56.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The increase in operating income was due primarily to the impact of lower foreign exchange rates on expenses and a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense.
Liquidity and capital resources
Our principal liquidity requirements are to service and repay our indebtedness, make acquisitions of businesses and commercial account portfolios, repurchase shares of our common stock and meet working capital, tax and capital expenditure needs.
Sources of liquidity
At March 31, 2016, our cash balances totaled $544.6 million, approximately $145.2 million of which is restricted. Restricted cash represents customer deposits in the Czech Republic and in our Comdata business in the U.S., which we are restricted from using other than to repay customer deposits.
At March 31, 2016, cash and cash equivalents held in foreign subsidiaries where we have determined we are permanently reinvested is $297.7 million. All of the cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries, excluding restricted cash, are available for general corporate purposes. Our current intent is to permanently reinvest these funds outside of the U.S. Our current expectation for funds held in our foreign subsidiaries is to use the funds to finance foreign organic growth, to pay for potential future foreign acquisitions and to repay any foreign borrowings that may arise from time to time. We currently believe that funds generated from our U.S. operations, along with available borrowing capacity in the U.S. will be sufficient to fund our U.S. operations for the foreseeable future, and therefore do not foresee a need to repatriate cash held by our foreign subsidiaries in a taxable transaction to fund our U.S. operations. However, if at a future date or time these funds are needed for our operations in the U.S. or we otherwise believe it is in our best interests to repatriate all or a portion of such funds, we may be required to accrue and pay U.S. taxes to repatriate these funds. No assurances can be provided as to the amount or timing thereof, the tax consequences related thereto or the ultimate impact any such action may have on our results of operations or financial condition.

We utilize an accounts receivable Securitization Facility to finance a majority of our domestic fuel card receivables, to lower our cost of borrowing and more efficiently use capital. We generate and record accounts receivable when a customer makes a purchase from a merchant using one of our charge card products and generally pay merchants within seven days of receiving the merchant billing. As a result, we utilize the Securitization Facility as a source of liquidity to provide the cash flow required to fund merchant payments while we collect customer balances. These balances are primarily composed of charge balances, which are typically billed to the customer on a weekly, semimonthly or monthly basis, and are generally required to be paid within 14 days of billing. We also consider the undrawn amounts under our Securitization Facility and Credit Facility as funds available for working capital purposes and acquisitions. At March 31, 2016, we had the ability to generate approximately $35

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million of additional liquidity under our Securitization Facility. At March 31, 2016, we had approximately $945 million available under our Credit Facility.
Based on our current forecasts and anticipated market conditions, we believe that our current cash balances, our available borrowing capacity and our ability to generate cash from operations, will be sufficient to fund our liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months. However, we regularly evaluate our cash requirements for current operations, commitments, capital requirements and acquisitions, and we may elect to raise additional funds for these purposes in the future, either through the issuance of debt or equity securities. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all.
Cash flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)
 
2016
 
2015
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
$
121.5

 
$
67.4

Net cash used in investing activities
 
(20.7
)
 
(9.0
)
Net cash used in financing activities
 
(157.4
)
 
(142.6
)
Operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased from $67.4 million million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $121.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase is primarily due to changes in working capital due to increases in accounts receivable, accounts payble and accrued expenses, as well as additional net income of $15.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015. Fluctuations in receivables and payables are largely due to timing of month end transactions and volume.
Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities increased from $9.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $20.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016. This increase is primarily due to cash used for acquisitions, including equity method investments, in the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015.
Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities increased from $142.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $157.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase is primarily due to payments on our Securitization Facility of $63 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to borrowings of $4 million for the comparable period in 2015, partially offset by a reduction in net payments of $20 million on our Credit Facility in the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015 and a reduction in payments on contingent consideration arrangements of $39.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 over the comparable period in 2015.
Capital spending summary
Our capital expenditures increased from $8.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $11.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of $3.6 million, or 44.8%. This increase is primarily due to increased spending on strategic projects, including the continued investment in our GFN application.
Credit Facility
We are party to a $3.355 billion Credit Agreement (the “Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks, which we originally entered into on October 24, 2014. The Credit Facility provides for (a) a revolving A credit facility in the amount of $1.0 billion, with sublimits for letters of credit, swing line loans and multicurrency borrowings, (b) a revolving B facility in the amount of $35 million for loans in Australian Dollars or New Zealand Dollars, (c) a term loan A facility in the amount of $2.02 billion and (d) a term loan B facility in the amount $300 million. The Credit Facility also contains an accordion feature for borrowing an additional $500 million in term A or revolver A and term B. The Credit Facility contains representations, warranties and events of default, as well as certain affirmative and negative covenants, customary for financings of this nature. These covenants include limitations on our ability to pay dividends and make other restricted payments under certain circumstances and compliance with certain financial ratios. As of March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with each of the covenants under the Credit Facility.
The stated maturity dates for our term loan A, revolving loans, and letters of credit under the New Credit Agreement is November 14, 2019 and November 14, 2021 for our term loan B. The term loans are payable in quarterly installments and are due on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December with the final principal payment due on the respective maturity date. Borrowings on the revolving line of credit are repayable at our option of one, two, three or nine

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months after borrowing, depending on the term of the borrowing on the facility. Borrowings on the foreign swing line of credit are due no later than ten business days after such loan is made.
At March 31, 2016, we had $1,893.8 million in borrowings outstanding on term loan A, $246.9 million in borrowings outstanding on term loan B and $90.0 million in borrowings outstanding on the domestic revolving A facility. Unamortized debt discounts are $6.6 million at March 31, 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we made principal payments of $25.3 million on the term loan A, $0.6 million on the term loan B and $110 million on the domestic revolving A facility.
Securitization Facility
We are a party to a receivables purchase agreement among FleetCor Funding LLC, as seller, PNC Bank, National Association as administrator, and various purchaser agents, conduit purchasers and related committed purchasers parties thereto, which was amended and restated as of December 1, 2015. We refer to this arrangement as the Securitization Facility. The current purchase limit under the Securitization Facility is $950 million. There is a program fee equal to one month LIBOR and the Commercial Paper Rate of 0.48% plus 0.90% and 0.43% plus 0.90% as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The unused facility fee is payable at a rate of 0.40% per annum as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
The Securitization Facility provides for certain termination events, which includes nonpayment, upon the occurrence of which the administrator may declare the facility termination date to have occurred, may exercise certain enforcement rights with respect to the receivables, and may appoint a successor servicer, among other things.
We were in compliance with the financial covenant requirements related to our Securitization Facility as of March 31, 2016.

Other Liabilities
In connection with our acquisition of certain businesses, we owe final payments of $5.9 million, which are payable in the next twelve months.
Stock Repurchase Program
On February 4, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program under which we may begin purchasing up to an aggregate of $500 million of its common stock over the next 18 months. Any stock repurchases may be made at times and in such amounts as we deem appropriate. The timing and amount of stock repurchases, if any, will depend on a variety of factors including the stock price, market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, and any additional constraints related to material inside information we may possess. Any repurchases are expected to be funded by available cash flow from the business and working capital. No shares were repurchased under this program during the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Critical accounting policies and estimates
In applying the accounting policies that we use to prepare our consolidated financial statements, we necessarily make accounting estimates that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Some of these estimates require us to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time we make the accounting estimates. We base these assumptions and the resulting estimates on historical information and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis. In many instances, however, we reasonably could have used different accounting estimates and, in other instances, changes in our accounting estimates could occur from period to period, with the result in each case being a material change in the financial statement presentation of our financial condition or results of operations. We refer to estimates of this type as critical accounting estimates.
Accounting estimates necessarily require subjective determinations about future events and conditions. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we have not adopted any new critical accounting policies that had a significant impact upon our consolidated financial statements, have not changed any critical accounting policies and have not changed the application of any critical accounting policies from the year ended December 31, 2015. For critical accounting policies, refer to the Critical Accounting Estimates in Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and our summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1 of our notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.
Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We have included in the discussion above certain financial measures that were not prepared in accordance with GAAP. Any analysis of non-GAAP financial measures should be used only in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP.

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Below, we define the non-GAAP financial measures, provide a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, and discuss the reasons that we believe this information is useful to management and may be useful to investors.
Adjusted revenues
We have defined the non-GAAP measure adjusted revenues as revenues, net less merchant commissions as reflected in our income statement.
We use adjusted revenues as a basis to evaluate our revenues, net of the commissions that are paid to merchants to participate in our card programs. The commissions paid to merchants can vary when market spreads fluctuate in much the same way as revenues are impacted when market spreads fluctuate. We believe that adjusted revenue is an appropriate supplemental measure of financial performance and may be useful to investors to understanding our revenue performance on a consistent basis. Adjusted revenues are not intended to be a substitute for GAAP financial measures and should not be used as such.
Set forth below is a reconciliation of adjusted revenues to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, revenues, net (in thousands):
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Revenues, net
 
$
414,262

 
$
416,166

 
Merchant commissions
 
(28,233
)
 
(27,326
)
 
Total adjusted revenues
 
$
386,029


$
388,840



Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share
We have defined the non-GAAP measure adjusted net income as net income as reflected in our statement of income, adjusted to eliminate (a) non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to share-based compensation awards, (b) amortization of deferred financing costs, discounts and intangible assets, (c) amortization of the premium recognized on the purchase of receivables and (d) our proportionate share of amortization of intangible assets at our equity method investment.
We have defined the non-GAAP measure adjusted net income per diluted share as the calculation previously noted divided by the weighted average diluted shares outstanding as reflected in our statement of income.
We use adjusted net income to eliminate the effect of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. We believe it is useful to exclude non-cash stock based compensation expense from adjusted net income because non-cash equity grants made at a certain price and point in time do not necessarily reflect how our business is performing at any particular time and stock based compensation expense is not a key measure of our core operating performance. We also believe that amortization expense can vary substantially from company to company and from period to period depending upon their financing and accounting methods, the fair value and average expected life of their acquired intangible assets, their capital structures and the method by which their assets were acquired. Therefore, we have excluded amortization expense from adjusted net income. We believe that adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share are appropriate supplemental measures of financial performance and may be useful to investors to understanding our operating performance on a consistent basis. Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share are not intended to be a substitute for GAAP financial measures and should not be used as such.

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Set forth below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income and net income per diluted share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
2015
 
Net income
 
$
109,972

 
  
 
$
94,153

 
Net income per diluted share
 
1.17

 
  
 
1.00

 
Stock based compensation
 
15,186

 
  
 
16,951

 
Amortization of intangible assets
 
27,362

 
  
 
39,771

 
Amortization of premium on receivables
 
990

 
  
 
813

 
Amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts
 
1,822

 
  
 
1,744

 
Amortization of intangibles at equity method investment
 
2,303

 
  
 
2,705

 
Total pre-tax adjustments
 
47,663




61,984


Income tax impact of pre-tax adjustments at the effective tax rate
 
(13,382
)
 
 
 
(20,193
)
 
Adjusted net income
 
$
144,253

 
  
 
$
135,943

 
Adjusted net income per diluted share
 
$
1.53

 
  
 
$
1.45

 
Diluted shares
 
94,329

 
  
 
93,934

 
Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs, expectations and future performance, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “seek,” “project” or “expect,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could” or “should,” the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of performance, and you should not place undue reliance on such statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events. Forward-looking statements are subject to many uncertainties and other variable circumstances, such as delays or failures associated with implementation; fuel price and spread volatility; changes in credit risk of customers and associated losses; the actions of regulators relating to payment cards or investigations; failure to maintain or renew key business relationships; failure to maintain competitive offerings; failure to maintain or renew sources of financing; failure to complete, or delays in completing, anticipated new partnership arrangements or acquisitions and the failure to successfully integrate or otherwise achieve anticipated benefits from such partnerships or acquired businesses; failure to successfully expand business internationally; the impact of foreign exchange rates on operations, revenue and income; the effects of general economic conditions on fueling patterns and the commercial activity of fleets, as well as the other risks and uncertainties identified under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. These factors could cause our actual results and experience to differ materially from any forward-looking statement. Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date hereof. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of such statements to reflect future events or developments.
 
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As of March 31, 2016, there have been no material changes to our market risk from that disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
As of March 31, 2016, management carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and

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procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in those reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
As of the date of this filing, we are not currently party to any legal proceedings or governmental inquiries or investigations that we consider to be material and we were not involved in any material legal proceedings that terminated during the first quarter. We are and may become, however, subject to lawsuits from time to time in the ordinary course of our business.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On February 4, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Program") under which we may begin purchasing up to an aggregate of $500 million of its common stock over the next 18 months. No shares were repurchased under this Program during the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.
Other Information
Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

 
 
 
Exhibit
No.
  
 
2.1
  
Acquisition agreement to acquire Serviços e Tecnologia de Pagamentos S.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, File No. 001-35004, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 18, 2016)
 
 
 
3.1
  
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of FleetCor Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on March 25, 2011)
 
 
3.2
  
Amended and Restated Bylaws of FleetCor Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on March 25, 2011)
 
 
4.1
  
Form of Stock Certificate for Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-166092, filed with the SEC on June 29, 2010)
 
 
10.1
  
Offer Letter, dated May 29, 2015, between FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Gregory Secord
 
 
31.1
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
 
 
31.2
  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
 
 
32.1
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2001
 
 
32.2
  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2001
 
 
101
  
The following financial information for the Registrant formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Registrant has requested confidential treatment for certain portions of this Exhibit pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned; thereunto duly authorized, in their capacities indicated on May 9, 2016.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FleetCor Technologies, Inc.
 
 
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
Signature
 
 
 
Title
 
 
 
/s/ Ronald F. Clarke
 
 
 
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal
Executive Officer)
Ronald F. Clarke
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Eric R. Dey
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Eric R. Dey
 
 
 


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