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FORD MOTOR CO - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)



 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
 
þ
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
 
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
 
 
or
 
 
o
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
 
 
For the transition period from  __________ to __________
 
 
 
Commission file number 1-3950
 
Ford Motor Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
38-0549190
(State of incorporation)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
One American Road, Dearborn, Michigan
48126
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
313-322-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Indicate by check mark if the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  þ   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  þ   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.   Large accelerated filer þ     Accelerated filer o    Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o   No  þ

As of October 19, 2018, Ford had outstanding 3,907,051,309 shares of Common Stock and 70,852,076 shares of Class B Stock.

Exhibit Index begins on page

 


 


FORD MOTOR COMPANY
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2018
 
Table of Contents
 
Page
 
Part I - Financial Information
 
 
Item 1
Financial Statements
 
 
Consolidated Income Statement
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Equity
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
 
Item 2
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
 
Overview
 
 
Results of Operations
 
 
Automotive Segment
 
 
Mobility Segment
 
 
Ford Credit Segment
 
 
Corporate Other
 
 
Interest on Debt
 
 
Special Items
 
 
Taxes
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
 
Credit Ratings
 
 
Outlook
 
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations
 
 
Supplemental Information
 
 
Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements
 
 
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted
 
Item 3
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
Item 4
Controls and Procedures
 
 
 
 
 
 
Part II - Other Information
 
 
Item 1
Legal Proceedings
 
Item 2
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
Item 6
Exhibits
 
 
Signature
 

i


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements.
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
(in millions, except per share amounts)
 
For the periods ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
 
(unaudited)
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive
$
33,646

 
$
34,660

 
$
107,234

 
$
109,577

Ford Credit
2,802

 
2,998

 
8,209

 
8,950

Mobility
3

 
8

 
7

 
18

Total revenues (Note 3)
36,451

 
37,666

 
115,450

 
118,545

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales
30,275

 
31,568

 
96,317

 
100,515

Selling, administrative, and other expenses
2,919

 
2,882

 
8,439

 
8,407

Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses
2,259

 
2,352

 
6,680

 
7,052

Total costs and expenses
35,453

 
36,802

 
111,436

 
115,974

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense on Automotive debt
284

 
328

 
840

 
890

Interest expense on Other debt
14

 
15

 
42

 
43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other income/(loss), net (Note 4)
754

 
605

 
2,220

 
2,472

Equity in net income of affiliated companies
316

 
(32
)
 
935

 
252

Income before income taxes
1,770

 
1,094


6,287


4,362

Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes
191

 
101

 
1,054

 
555

Net income
1,579

 
993

 
5,233

 
3,807

Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
7

 
2

 
22

 
14

Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company
$
1,572

 
$
991

 
$
5,211

 
$
3,793

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK (Note 6)
Basic income
$
0.40

 
$
0.25

 
$
1.31

 
$
0.95

Diluted income
0.39

 
0.25

 
1.30

 
0.95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared
0.15

 
0.15

 
0.50

 
0.58



CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
 
For the periods ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
 
(unaudited)
Net income
$
1,579

 
$
993

 
$
5,233

 
$
3,807

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (Note 16)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation
102

 
(134
)
 
427

 
(434
)
Marketable securities
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
2

 
(57
)
Derivative instruments
(171
)
 
(103
)
 
(201
)
 
(18
)
Pension and other postretirement benefits
27

 
13

 
24

 
38

Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
(43
)
 
(226
)
 
252

 
(471
)
Comprehensive income
1,536

 
767

 
5,485

 
3,336

Less: Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
7

 
1

 
20

 
13

Comprehensive income attributable to Ford Motor Company
$
1,529

 
$
766

 
$
5,465

 
$
3,323

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.

1

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(in millions)
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
 
(unaudited)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 7)
$
18,492

 
$
18,562

Marketable securities (Note 7)
20,435

 
17,780

Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 8)
52,210

 
50,818

Trade and other receivables, less allowances of $392 and $368
10,599

 
11,244

Inventories (Note 10)
11,176

 
12,810

Other assets
3,889

 
3,629

Total current assets
116,801

 
114,843

 
 
 
 
Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 8)
56,182

 
57,043

Net investment in operating leases
28,235

 
29,540

Net property
35,327

 
35,762

Equity in net assets of affiliated companies
3,085

 
2,858

Deferred income taxes
10,762

 
10,553

Other assets
8,104

 
8,367

Total assets
$
258,496

 
$
258,966

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES
 
 
 
Payables
$
23,282

 
$
23,273

Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 12)
19,697

 
20,714

Automotive debt payable within one year (Note 14)
3,356

 
3,216

Ford Credit debt payable within one year (Note 14)
48,265

 
47,547

Total current liabilities
94,600

 
94,750

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 12)
24,711

 
24,228

Automotive long-term debt (Note 14)
12,575

 
11,448

Ford Credit long-term debt (Note 14)
89,492

 
90,620

Other long-term debt (Note 14)
599

 
600

Deferred income taxes
815

 
602

Total liabilities
222,792

 
222,248

 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
98

 
99

 
 
 
 
EQUITY
 
 
 
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share (3,999 million shares issued of 6 billion authorized)
40

 
40

Class B Stock, par value $.01 per share (71 million shares issued of 530 million authorized)
1

 
1

Capital in excess of par value of stock
21,843

 
22,011

Retained earnings
21,906

 
23,384

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (Note 16)
(6,959
)
 
(7,429
)
Treasury stock
(1,253
)
 
(1,417
)
Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company
35,578

 
36,590

Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests
28

 
29

Total equity
35,606

 
36,619

Total liabilities and equity
$
258,496

 
$
258,966

The following table includes assets to be used to settle liabilities of the consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”). These assets and liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheet above.
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
 
(unaudited)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
3,479

 
$
2,746

Ford Credit finance receivables, net
56,250

 
56,412

Net investment in operating leases
11,503

 
12,441

Other assets
64

 
55

LIABILITIES
 
 
 
Other liabilities and deferred revenue
$
2

 
$
2

Debt
46,437

 
50,564

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.

2

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
 
For the periods ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2018
 
First Nine Months
 
(unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities
$
14,949

 
$
13,665

 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Capital spending
(4,936
)
 
(5,669
)
Acquisitions of finance receivables and operating leases
(43,054
)
 
(48,227
)
Collections of finance receivables and operating leases
32,988

 
38,418

Purchases of marketable and other securities
(20,550
)
 
(14,547
)
Sales and maturities of marketable and other securities
22,953

 
17,341

Settlements of derivatives
62

 
290

Other
12

 
(201
)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
(12,525
)
 
(12,595
)
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Cash dividends
(1,988
)
 
(2,308
)
Purchases of common stock
(131
)
 
(164
)
Net changes in short-term debt
1,899

 
(1,268
)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
30,557

 
37,211

Principal payments on long-term debt
(31,378
)
 
(33,935
)
Other
(124
)
 
(184
)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
(1,165
)
 
(648
)
 
 
 
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
442

 
(305
)
 
 
 
 
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
1,701

 
$
117

 
 
 
 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at January 1 (Note 7)
$
16,019

 
$
18,638

Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
1,701

 
117

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at September 30 (Note 7)
$
17,720

 
$
18,755


The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.



3

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
(in millions, unaudited)
 
Equity Attributable to Ford Motor Company
 
 
 
 
 
Capital Stock
 
Cap. in
Excess of
Par Value 
of Stock
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Note 16)
 
Treasury Stock
 
Total
 
Equity
Attributable
to Non-controlling Interests
 
Total
Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
41

 
$
21,630

 
$
16,193

 
$
(7,013
)
 
$
(1,122
)
 
$
29,729

 
$
17

 
$
29,746

Adoption of accounting standards

 
6

 
566

 

 

 
572

 

 
572

Net income

 

 
5,211

 

 

 
5,211

 
22

 
5,233

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax

 

 

 
254

 

 
254

 
(2
)
 
252

Common stock issued (including share-based compensation impacts)

 
168

 

 

 

 
168

 

 
168

Treasury stock/other 

 

 

 

 
(131
)
 
(131
)
 
(1
)
 
(132
)
Cash dividends declared

 

 
(1,988
)
 

 

 
(1,988
)
 
(11
)
 
(1,999
)
Balance at September 30, 2017
$
41

 
$
21,804

 
$
19,982

 
$
(6,759
)
 
$
(1,253
)
 
$
33,815

 
$
25

 
$
33,840

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
41

 
$
21,843

 
$
21,906

 
$
(6,959
)
 
$
(1,253
)
 
$
35,578

 
$
28

 
$
35,606

Net income

 

 
3,793

 

 

 
3,793

 
14

 
3,807

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax

 

 

 
(470
)
 

 
(470
)
 
(1
)
 
(471
)
Common stock issued (including share-based compensation impacts)

 
168

 

 

 

 
168

 

 
168

Treasury stock/other 

 

 

 

 
(164
)
 
(164
)
 

 
(164
)
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared

 

 
(2,315
)
 

 

 
(2,315
)
 
(12
)
 
(2,327
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
$
41

 
$
22,011

 
$
23,384

 
$
(7,429
)
 
$
(1,417
)
 
$
36,590

 
$
29

 
$
36,619


The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.




4

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents
Footnote
 
Page
Note 1
Presentation
Note 2
New Accounting Standards
Note 3
Revenue
Note 4
Other Income/(Loss)
Note 5
Income Taxes
Note 6
Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share
Note 7
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities
Note 8
Ford Credit Finance Receivables
Note 9
Ford Credit Allowance for Credit Losses
Note 10
Inventories
Note 11
Goodwill
Note 12
Other Liabilities and Deferred Revenue
Note 13
Retirement Benefits
Note 14
Debt
Note 15
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
Note 16
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Note 17
Commitments and Contingencies
Note 18
Segment Information



5

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1.  PRESENTATION

For purposes of this report, “Ford,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar references mean Ford Motor Company, our consolidated subsidiaries, and our consolidated VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary, unless the context requires otherwise. We also make reference to Ford Motor Credit Company LLC, herein referenced to as Ford Credit. Our financial statements are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited financial statements reflect a fair statement of our results of operations and financial condition for the periods, and at the dates, presented.  The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.  Reference should be made to the financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K Report”). We reclassified certain prior year amounts in our consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Change in Presentation

Effective January 1, 2018, we changed our reportable segments to reflect the manner in which we now manage our business. Based on changes to our organization structure and how our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) reviews operating results and makes decisions about resource allocation, we now have three reportable segments that represent the primary businesses reported in our consolidated financial statements: Automotive, Mobility, and Ford Credit. See Note 18 for a description of our segment presentation.

Change in Accounting

We carry inventory on our consolidated balance sheet that is comprised of finished products, raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies. As of January 1, 2018, we changed our accounting method for U.S. inventories to a first-in, first-out basis from a last-in, first-out basis. We believe this change in accounting method is preferable as it is consistent with how we manage our business, results in a uniform method to value our inventory across all regions in our business, and improves comparability with our peers. The effect of this change was immaterial on our consolidated income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flow amounts for the interim period ended September 30, 2018.

We have retrospectively applied this change in accounting method to all prior periods. As of December 31, 2016, the cumulative effect of the change increased Retained earnings by $559 million.

The effect of this change on our consolidated financial statements was as follows (in millions except for per share amounts):
 
 
For the periods ended September 30, 2017
 
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
 
 
Previously Reported
 
As Revised
 
Effect of Change
Higher/(Lower)
 
Previously Reported
 
As Revised
 
Effect of Change
Higher/(Lower)
Income Statement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of Sales
 
$
30,288

 
$
30,275

 
$
(13
)
 
$
96,345

 
$
96,317

 
$
(28
)
Income before income taxes
 
1,757

 
1,770

 
13

 
6,259

 
6,287

 
28

Provision for/ (Benefit from) income taxes
 
186

 
191

 
5

 
1,044

 
1,054

 
10

Net income
 
1,571

 
1,579

 
8

 
5,215

 
5,233

 
18

Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company
 
1,564

 
1,572

 
8

 
5,193

 
5,211

 
18

Basic earnings per share attributable to Ford Motor Company
 
0.39

 
0.40

 
0.01

 
1.31

 
1.31

 

Diluted earnings per share attributable to Ford Motor Company
 
0.39

 
0.39

 

 
1.30

 
1.30

 

 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Previously Reported
 
As Revised
 
Effect of Change
Higher/(Lower)
Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inventories
 
$
10,277

 
$
11,176

 
$
899

Deferred income taxes (assets)
 
10,973

 
10,762

 
(211
)
Retained earnings
 
21,218

 
21,906

 
688


6

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1.  PRESENTATION (Continued)

Argentina

In June 2018, Argentina was classified as having a highly inflationary economy due to the three-year cumulative consumer price index exceeding 100%. As a result, we changed the functional currency for our operations in Argentina from the Argentine peso to the U.S. dollar as of July 1, 2018.

NOTE 2. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging. On January 1, 2018, we adopted the amendments to Accounting Standards Codification 815 which aligns hedge accounting with risk management activities and simplifies the requirements to qualify for hedge accounting.  Adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.  We continue to assess opportunities enabled by the new standard to expand our risk management strategies.   
ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-01 and the related amendments. This standard amends various aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. We adopted the measurement alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values (often referred to as cost method investments) on a prospective basis. As a result, these investments will be revalued upon occurrence of an observable price change for similar investments and for impairments. We anticipate adoption may increase the volatility on our consolidated income statement.
We also adopted the following ASUs during 2018, none of which had a material impact to our financial statements or financial statement disclosures:
ASU
 
Effective Date
2017-08
Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs - Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities
 
January 1, 2018
2016-18
Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash
 
January 1, 2018
2016-16
Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory
 
January 1, 2018
2016-15
Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
 
January 1, 2018
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

The following represent the standards that will, or are expected to, result in a significant change in practice and/or have a significant financial impact to Ford.

ASU 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new accounting standard which replaces the current incurred loss impairment method with a method that reflects expected credit losses. We plan to adopt the new standard on its effective date of January 1, 2020, by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of Retained earnings. We anticipate adoption will increase the amount of expected credit losses reported in Ford Credit finance receivables, net on our consolidated balance sheet and do not expect a material impact to our consolidated income statement.

ASU 2016-02, Leases.  In February 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard which provides guidance on the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of leases. The new standard supersedes the present U.S. GAAP standard on leases and requires substantially all leases to be reported on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease obligations. We plan to adopt the new standard on its effective date of January 1, 2019. We anticipate adoption of the standard will add approximately $1 billion in right-of-use assets and lease obligations to our consolidated balance sheet and will not significantly impact results. We plan to elect the practical expedients upon transition that will retain the lease classification and initial direct costs for any leases that exist prior to adoption of the standard. We will not reassess whether any contracts entered into prior to adoption are leases. We are in the process of cataloging our existing lease contracts and implementing changes to our systems.

7

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. REVENUE

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source for the periods ended September 30 (in millions):
 
Third Quarter 2017
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Ford Credit
 
Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories
$
32,401

 
$

 
$

 
$
32,401

Used vehicles
606

 

 

 
606

Extended service contracts
314

 

 

 
314

Other revenue
197

 
3

 
55

 
255

Revenues from sales and services
33,518

 
3

 
55

 
33,576

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leasing income
128

 

 
1,395

 
1,523

Financing income

 

 
1,314

 
1,314

Insurance income

 

 
38

 
38

Total revenues
$
33,646

 
$
3

 
$
2,802

 
$
36,451

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Third Quarter 2018
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Ford Credit
 
Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories
$
33,352

 
$

 
$

 
$
33,352

Used vehicles
620

 

 

 
620

Extended service contracts
333

 

 

 
333

Other revenue
201

 
8

 
53

 
262

Revenues from sales and services
34,506

 
8

 
53

 
34,567

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leasing income
154

 

 
1,463

 
1,617

Financing income

 

 
1,443

 
1,443

Insurance income

 

 
39

 
39

Total revenues
$
34,660

 
$
8

 
$
2,998

 
$
37,666


 
First Nine Months 2017
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Ford Credit
 
Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories
$
103,143

 
$

 
$

 
$
103,143

Used vehicles
2,187

 

 

 
2,187

Extended service contracts
921

 

 

 
921

Other revenue
623

 
7

 
159

 
789

Revenues from sales and services
106,874

 
7

 
159

 
107,040

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leasing income
360

 

 
4,142

 
4,502

Financing income

 

 
3,788

 
3,788

Insurance income

 

 
120

 
120

Total revenues
$
107,234

 
$
7

 
$
8,209

 
$
115,450

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Nine Months 2018
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Ford Credit
 
Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories
$
105,338

 
$

 
$

 
$
105,338

Used vehicles
2,203

 

 

 
2,203

Extended service contracts
990

 

 

 
990

Other revenue
630

 
18

 
166

 
814

Revenues from sales and services
109,161

 
18

 
166

 
109,345

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leasing income
416

 

 
4,321

 
4,737

Financing income

 

 
4,340

 
4,340

Insurance income

 

 
123

 
123

Total revenues
$
109,577

 
$
18

 
$
8,950

 
$
118,545


8

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. REVENUE (Continued)

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied; generally this occurs with the transfer of control of our vehicles, parts, accessories, or services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense. The expected costs associated with our base warranties continue to be recognized as expense when the products are sold. We recognize revenue for vehicle service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranties over the life of the contract. We do not have any material significant payment terms as payment is received at or shortly after the point of sale.

Automotive Segment

Vehicles, Parts, and Accessories. For the majority of vehicles, parts, and accessories, we transfer control and recognize a sale when we ship the product from our manufacturing facility to our customer (dealers and distributors). We receive cash equal to the invoice price for most vehicle sales at the time of wholesale. When the vehicle sale is financed by our wholly-owned subsidiary Ford Credit, the dealer pays Ford Credit when it sells the vehicle to the retail customer. Payment terms on part sales to dealers, distributors, and retailers range from 30 days to 120 days. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize varies with changes in marketing incentives and returns we offer to our customers and their customers. When we give our dealers the right to return eligible parts and accessories, we estimate the expected returns based on an analysis of historical experience. We adjust our estimate of revenue at the earlier of when the most likely amount of consideration we expect to receive changes or when the consideration becomes fixed. As a result, we recorded a decrease related to revenue recognized in prior periods of $182 million and $240 million in the third quarter of 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Depending on the terms of the arrangement, we may also defer the recognition of a portion of the consideration received because we have to satisfy a future obligation (e.g., free extended service contracts). We use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost plus margin approach when one is not available. We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over vehicles, parts, or accessories have transferred to the customer as an expense in Cost of sales.

We sell vehicles to daily rental companies and guarantee that we will pay them the difference between an agreed amount and the value they are able to realize upon resale. At the time of transfer of vehicles to the daily rental companies, we record the probable amount we will pay under the guarantee to Other liabilities and deferred revenue.

Used Vehicles. We sell used vehicles both at auction and through our consolidated dealerships. Proceeds from the sale of these vehicles are recognized in Automotive revenues upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Cost of sales.

Extended Service Contracts. We sell separately-priced service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranty agreements to vehicle owners. The separately priced service contracts range from 12 months to 120 months. We receive payment at contract inception and recognize revenue over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs we expect to incur in satisfying the contract obligations. At January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017, $3.5 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively, of unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts was reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. We recognized $256 million and $262 million of the unearned amounts as revenue during the third quarter of 2017 and 2018, respectively, and $797 million and $829 million in the first nine months of 2017 and 2018, respectively. At September 30, 2018, the unearned amount was $4 billion. We expect to recognize approximately $300 million of the unearned amount in the remainder of 2018, $1.1 billion in 2019, and $2.6 billion thereafter.

We record a premium deficiency reserve to the extent we estimate the future costs associated with these contracts exceed the unrecognized revenue. Amounts paid to dealers to obtain these contracts are deferred and recorded as Other assets. These costs are amortized to expense consistent with how the related revenue is recognized. We had a balance of $232 million and $242 million in deferred costs as of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively. Amortization of $17 million and $18 million was recognized during the third quarter of 2017 and 2018, respectively, and $46 million and $55 million in the first nine months of 2017 and 2018, respectively.


9

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. REVENUE (Continued)

Other Revenue. Other revenue consists primarily of net commissions received for serving as the agent in facilitating the sale of a third party’s products or services to our customers and payments for vehicle-related design and testing services we perform for others. We have applied the practical expedient to recognize Automotive revenues for vehicle-related design and testing services over the two to three year term of these agreements in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice.

Leasing Income. We sell vehicles to daily rental companies with an obligation to repurchase the vehicles for a guaranteed amount, exercisable at the option of the customer. The transactions are accounted for as operating leases. Upon the transfer of vehicles to the daily rental companies, we record proceeds received in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. The difference between the proceeds received and the guaranteed repurchase amount is recorded in Automotive revenues over the term of the lease using a straight-line method. The cost of the vehicle is recorded in Net investment in operating leases on our consolidated balance sheet and the difference between the cost of the vehicle and the estimated auction value is depreciated in Cost of sales over the term of the lease.

Ford Credit Segment

Leasing Income. Ford Credit offers leasing plans to retail consumers through Ford and Lincoln brand dealers who originate the leases. Ford Credit records an operating lease upon purchase of a vehicle subject to a lease from the dealer. The retail consumer makes lease payments representing the difference between Ford Credit’s purchase price of the vehicle and the contractual residual value of the vehicle, plus lease fees that we recognize on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Depreciation and the gain or loss upon disposition of the vehicle is recorded in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses.

Financing Income. Ford Credit originates and purchases finance installment contracts. Financing income represents interest earned on the finance receivables (including direct financing leases). Interest is recognized using the interest method, and includes the amortization of certain direct origination costs.

Insurance Income. Income from insurance contracts is recognized evenly over the term of the agreement. Insurance commission revenue is recognized on a net basis at the time of sale of the third party’s product or service to our customer.

NOTE 4. OTHER INCOME/(LOSS)

The amounts included in other income/(loss), net for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Net periodic pension and other postretirement employee benefits (OPEB) income/(cost), excluding service cost
$
365

 
$
378

 
$
1,144

 
$
1,284

Investment-related interest income
124

 
169

 
325

 
482

Interest income/(expense) on income taxes
(2
)
 
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
28

Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other securities
(13
)
 
(76
)
 
14

 
136

Gains/(Losses) on changes in investments in affiliates
(21
)
 
(14
)
 
(23
)
 
44

Royalty income
171

 
115

 
475

 
387

Other
130

 
38

 
286

 
111

Total
$
754

 
$
605

 
$
2,220

 
$
2,472




10

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 5. INCOME TAXES

For interim tax reporting, we estimate one single effective tax rate for tax jurisdictions not subject to a valuation allowance, which is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income/(loss). Tax effects of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation and recognized in the interim period in which they occur.

For the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, our effective tax rates were 9.2% and 12.7%, respectively. During the third quarter of 2018, we recognized $101 million of benefit from settlements of tax controversies in various jurisdictions. In addition, during the first quarter of 2018, we recognized $235 million of benefit for non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards expected to be realized in the foreseeable future.

NOTE 6. CAPITAL STOCK AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings Per Share Attributable to Ford Motor Company Common and Class B Stock

Basic and diluted income per share were calculated using the following (in millions):
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Basic and Diluted Income Attributable to Ford Motor Company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic income
$
1,572

 
$
991

 
$
5,211

 
$
3,793

Diluted income
1,572

 
991

 
5,211

 
3,793

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and Diluted Shares
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Basic shares (average shares outstanding)
3,972

 
3,976

 
3,975

 
3,976

Net dilutive options, unvested restricted stock units, and restricted stock
24

 
24

 
21

 
23

Diluted shares
3,996

 
4,000

 
3,996

 
3,999


11

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The fair values of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Fair Value
 Level
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Ford Credit
 
Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
1
 
$
913

 
$

 
$

 
$
913

U.S. government agencies
2
 
433

 

 
300

 
733

Non-U.S. government and agencies
2
 

 

 
703

 
703

Corporate debt
2
 
55

 

 
25

 
80

Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
 
 
1,401

 

 
1,028

 
2,429

Cash, time deposits, and money market funds
 
 
7,529

 
4

 
8,530

 
16,063

Total cash and cash equivalents
 
 
$
8,930

 
$
4

 
$
9,558

 
$
18,492

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
1
 
$
5,580

 
$

 
$
966

 
$
6,546

U.S. government agencies
2
 
2,484

 

 
384

 
2,868

Non-U.S. government and agencies
2
 
5,270

 

 
660

 
5,930

Corporate debt
2
 
4,031

 

 
848

 
4,879

Equities (a)
1
 
138

 

 

 
138

Other marketable securities
2
 
51

 

 
23

 
74

Total marketable securities
 
 
$
17,554

 
$

 
$
2,881

 
$
20,435

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
 
 
$
15

 
$
7

 
$
124

 
$
146

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
Fair Value
 Level
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Ford Credit
 
Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
1
 
$
674

 
$

 
$
569

 
$
1,243

U.S. government agencies
2
 
375

 

 
422

 
797

Non-U.S. government and agencies
2
 
201

 

 
565

 
766

Corporate debt
2
 
460

 

 
889

 
1,349

Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
 
 
1,710

 

 
2,445

 
4,155

Cash, time deposits, and money market funds
 
 
5,829

 
26

 
8,552

 
14,407

Total cash and cash equivalents
 
 
$
7,539

 
$
26

 
$
10,997

 
$
18,562

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
1
 
$
2,859

 
$

 
$
257

 
$
3,116

U.S. government agencies
2
 
1,953

 

 
139

 
2,092

Non-U.S. government and agencies
2
 
5,309

 

 
888

 
6,197

Corporate debt
2
 
5,189

 

 
305

 
5,494

Equities (a)
1
 
484

 

 

 
484

Other marketable securities
2
 
246

 

 
151

 
397

Total marketable securities
 
 
$
16,040

 
$

 
$
1,740

 
$
17,780

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
 
 
$
16

 
$
30

 
$
147

 
$
193

__________
(a) Net unrealized gains/losses on equities were a $27 million loss and a $84 million gain at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

12

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Continued)

The cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities were as follows (in millions):
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value of Securities with
Contractual Maturities
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Within 1 Year
 
After 1 Year through 5 Years
 
After 5 Years
Automotive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
3,669

 
$

 
$
(18
)
 
$
3,651

 
$
1,377

 
$
2,274

 
$

U.S. government agencies
1,915

 

 
(15
)
 
1,900

 
265

 
1,620

 
15

Non-U.S. government and agencies
4,021

 

 
(28
)
 
3,993

 
197

 
3,771

 
25

Corporate debt
1,716

 
1

 
(8
)
 
1,709

 
194

 
1,509

 
6

Other marketable securities
17

 

 

 
17

 

 
16

 
1

Total
$
11,338

 
$
1

 
$
(69
)
 
$
11,270

 
$
2,033

 
$
9,190

 
$
47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value of Securities with
Contractual Maturities
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Within 1 Year
 
After 1 Year through 5 Years
 
After 5 Years
Automotive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
2,909

 
$

 
$
(19
)
 
$
2,890

 
$
1,926

 
$
964

 
$

U.S. government agencies
1,930

 

 
(26
)
 
1,904

 
514

 
1,372

 
18

Non-U.S. government and agencies
3,960

 

 
(68
)
 
3,892

 
144

 
3,748

 

Corporate debt
2,911

 
1

 
(33
)
 
2,879

 
199

 
2,678

 
2

Other marketable securities
209

 

 
(1
)
 
208

 
1

 
131

 
76

Total
$
11,919

 
$
1

 
$
(147
)
 
$
11,773

 
$
2,784

 
$
8,893

 
$
96


Sales proceeds and gross realized gains/(losses) from the sale of AFS debt securities for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Automotive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales proceeds
$
491

 
$
1,327

 
$
3,107

 
$
4,173

Gross realized gains

 

 
3

 
1

Gross realized losses

 
4

 
8

 
15


13

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Continued)

The present fair values and gross unrealized losses for cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as AFS debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows (in millions):
 
December 31, 2017
 
Less than 1 year
 
1 Year or Greater
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
2,382

 
$
(9
)
 
$
903

 
$
(9
)
 
$
3,285

 
$
(18
)
U.S. government agencies
1,625

 
(12
)
 
260

 
(3
)
 
1,885

 
(15
)
Non-U.S. government and agencies
3,148

 
(20
)
 
510

 
(8
)
 
3,658

 
(28
)
Corporate debt
1,396

 
(8
)
 

 

 
1,396

 
(8
)
Total
$
8,551

 
$
(49
)
 
$
1,673

 
$
(20
)
 
$
10,224

 
$
(69
)
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
Less than 1 year
 
1 Year or Greater
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Losses
Automotive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
869

 
$
(3
)
 
$
1,869

 
$
(16
)
 
$
2,738

 
$
(19
)
U.S. government agencies
476

 
(4
)
 
1,386

 
(22
)
 
1,862

 
(26
)
Non-U.S. government and agencies
2,110

 
(39
)
 
1,453

 
(29
)
 
3,563

 
(68
)
Corporate debt
2,161

 
(24
)
 
374

 
(9
)
 
2,535

 
(33
)
Other marketable securities
170

 
(1
)
 

 

 
170

 
(1
)
Total
$
5,786

 
$
(71
)
 
$
5,082

 
$
(76
)
 
$
10,868

 
$
(147
)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment loss.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the consolidated statement of cash flows were as follows (in millions):
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
Cash and cash equivalents
$
18,492

 
$
18,562

Restricted cash (a)
146

 
193

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
18,638

 
$
18,755

__________
(a)
Included in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet.

Other Securities

We have investments in entities for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence and fair values are not readily available. We have elected to record these investments at cost (less impairment, if any), adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. We report the carrying value of these investments in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet. These investments were $363 million and $199 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively. There were no material adjustments to the fair values of these investments held at September 30, 2018.



14

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES

Ford Credit manages finance receivables as “consumer” and “non-consumer” portfolios.  The receivables are generally secured by the vehicles, inventory, or other property being financed.

Finance receivables, net were as follows (in millions):
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
Consumer
 
 
 
Retail financing, gross
$
78,331

 
$
80,136

Unearned interest supplements
(3,280
)
 
(3,442
)
Consumer finance receivables
75,051

 
76,694

Non-Consumer
 

 
 

Dealer financing
33,938

 
31,753

Non-Consumer finance receivables
33,938

 
31,753

Total recorded investment
$
108,989

 
$
108,447

 
 
 
 
Recorded investment in finance receivables
$
108,989

 
$
108,447

Allowance for credit losses
(597
)
 
(586
)
Finance receivables, net
$
108,392

 
$
107,861

 
 
 
 
Current portion
$
52,210

 
$
50,818

Non-current portion
56,182

 
57,043

Finance receivables, net
$
108,392

 
$
107,861

 
 
 
 
Net finance receivables subject to fair value (a)
$
105,106

 
$
104,184

Fair value
104,521

 
103,408

__________
(a)
At December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, Finance receivables, net includes $3.3 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively, of direct financing leases that are not subject to fair value disclosure requirements. The fair value of finance receivables is categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Excluded from finance receivables at both December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, was $240 million of accrued uncollected interest, which is reported as Other assets in the current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet.

Included in the recorded investment in finance receivables at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, were consumer receivables of $38.9 billion and $38.8 billion, respectively, and non-consumer receivables of $24.5 billion and $23.3 billion, respectively, that have been sold for legal purposes in securitization transactions but continue to be reported in our consolidated financial statements. The receivables are available only for payment of the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions; they are not available to pay the other obligations or the claims of Ford Credit’s other creditors. Ford Credit holds the right to receive the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions.


15

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)
Aging

For all finance receivables, we define “past due” as any payment, including principal and interest, that is at least 31 days past the contractual due date. The recorded investment of consumer receivables greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest was $24 million and $21 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively. The recorded investment of non-consumer receivables greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest was $1 million and de minimis at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

The aging analysis of our finance receivables balances was as follows (in millions):
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
Consumer
 
 
 
31-60 days past due
$
748

 
$
691

61-90 days past due
113

 
109

91-120 days past due
36

 
42

Greater than 120 days past due
37

 
40

Total past due
934

 
882

Current
74,117

 
75,812

Consumer finance receivables
75,051

 
76,694

 
 
 
 
Non-Consumer
 
 
 
Total past due
122

 
77

Current
33,816

 
31,676

Non-Consumer finance receivables
33,938

 
31,753

Total recorded investment
$
108,989

 
$
108,447


Credit Quality

Consumer Portfolio. Credit quality ratings for consumer receivables are based on aging. Refer to the aging table above.

Consumer receivables credit quality ratings are as follows:

Pass – current to 60 days past due;
Special Mention – 61 to 120 days past due and in intensified collection status; and
Substandard – greater than 120 days past due and for which the uncollectible portion of the receivables has already been charged off, as measured using the fair value of collateral less costs to sell.

Non-Consumer Portfolio. Dealers are assigned to one of four groups according to risk ratings as follows:

Group I – strong to superior financial metrics;
Group II – fair to favorable financial metrics;
Group III – marginal to weak financial metrics; and
Group IV – poor financial metrics, including dealers classified as uncollectible.


16

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)
The credit quality analysis of our dealer financing receivables was as follows (in millions):
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
Dealer Financing
 
 
 
Group I
$
26,252

 
$
24,444

Group II
5,908

 
5,528

Group III
1,640

 
1,616

Group IV
138

 
165

Total recorded investment
$
33,938

 
$
31,753


Impaired Receivables. Impaired consumer receivables include accounts that have been rewritten or modified in reorganization proceedings pursuant to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code that are considered to be Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”), as well as all accounts greater than 120 days past due. Impaired non-consumer receivables represent accounts with dealers that have weak or poor financial metrics or dealer financing that has been modified in TDRs. The recorded investment of consumer receivables that were impaired at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 was $386 million and $379 million, or 0.5% and 0.5% of consumer receivables, respectively. The recorded investment of non-consumer receivables that were impaired at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018 was $138 million and $165 million, or 0.4% and 0.5% of non-consumer receivables, respectively. Impaired finance receivables are evaluated both collectively and specifically.


17

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 9. FORD CREDIT ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses related to finance receivables for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):
 
Third Quarter 2017
 
First Nine Months 2017
 
Consumer
 
Non-Consumer
 
Total
 
Consumer
 
Non-Consumer
 
Total
Allowance for credit losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
507

 
$
15

 
$
522

 
$
469

 
$
15

 
$
484

Charge-offs
(132
)
 

 
(132
)
 
(366
)
 
(3
)
 
(369
)
Recoveries
36

 
4

 
40

 
105

 
8

 
113

Provision for credit losses
146

 
(6
)
 
140

 
341

 
(7
)
 
334

Other (a)
5

 

 
5

 
13

 

 
13

Ending balance (b)
$
562

 
$
13

 
$
575

 
$
562

 
$
13

 
$
575

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis of ending balance of allowance for credit losses
Collective impairment allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
541

 
$
13

 
$
554

Specific impairment allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
21

 

 
21

Ending balance (b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
562

 
13

 
575

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis of ending balance of finance receivables
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
 
 
 
 
 
71,929

 
31,971

 
103,900

Specifically evaluated for impairment
 
 
 
 
 
 
387

 
152

 
539

Recorded investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
72,316

 
32,123

 
104,439

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance, net of allowance for credit losses
 
 
 
$
71,754

 
$
32,110

 
$
103,864

__________
(a)
Primarily represents amounts related to translation adjustments.
(b)
Total allowance, including for operating leases, was $644 million.
 
Third Quarter 2018
 
First Nine Months 2018
 
Consumer
 
Non-Consumer
 
Total
 
Consumer
 
Non-Consumer
 
Total
Allowance for credit losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
573

 
$
14

 
$
587

 
$
582

 
$
15

 
$
597

Charge-offs (a)
(128
)
 
(43
)
 
(171
)
 
(382
)
 
(46
)
 
(428
)
Recoveries
40

 
4

 
44

 
126

 
6

 
132

Provision for credit losses
73

 
52

 
125

 
237

 
52

 
289

Other (b)
1

 

 
1

 
(4
)
 

 
(4
)
Ending balance (c)
$
559

 
$
27

 
$
586

 
$
559

 
$
27

 
$
586

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis of ending balance of allowance for credit losses
Collective impairment allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
538

 
$
14

 
$
552

Specific impairment allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
21

 
13

 
34

Ending balance (c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
559

 
27

 
586

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis of ending balance of finance receivables
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
 
 
 
 
 
76,315

 
31,588

 
107,903

Specifically evaluated for impairment
 
 
 
 
 
 
379

 
165

 
544

Recorded investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
76,694

 
31,753

 
108,447

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance, net of allowance for credit losses
 
$
76,135

 
$
31,726

 
$
107,861

__________
(a)
The charge-off of non-consumer (dealer financing) receivables primarily reflects a specific U.S. dealer’s wholesale vehicle inventory and dealer loan determined to be uncollectible.
(b)
Primarily represents amounts related to translation adjustments.
(c)
Total allowance, including for operating leases, was $663 million.

18

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 10. INVENTORIES

Inventories were as follows (in millions):
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
Raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies
$
4,397

 
$
4,740

Finished products
6,779

 
8,070

Total inventories
$
11,176

 
$
12,810


NOTE 11. GOODWILL

The net carrying amount of goodwill was $75 million and $273 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively, and is reported in Other Assets in the non-current section of our consolidated balance sheet. In the first quarter of 2018, Mobility recorded the acquisition of Autonomic and TransLoc which resulted in $199 million of goodwill.

NOTE 12. OTHER LIABILITIES AND DEFERRED REVENUE

Other liabilities and deferred revenue were as follows (in millions):
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
Current
 
 
 
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims
$
10,902

 
$
11,145

Deferred revenue
2,107

 
2,833

Employee benefit plans
1,661

 
1,575

Accrued interest
1,057

 
795

OPEB (a)
348

 
346

Pension (a)
229

 
228

Other
3,393

 
3,792

Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue
$
19,697

 
$
20,714

Non-current
 

 
 

Pension (a)
$
9,932

 
$
9,273

OPEB (a)
5,821

 
5,692

Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims
2,471

 
2,258

Deferred revenue
3,829

 
3,957

Employee benefit plans
1,139

 
1,174

Other
1,519

 
1,874

Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue
$
24,711

 
$
24,228

__________
(a)
Balances at September 30, 2018 reflect pension and OPEB liabilities at December 31, 2017, updated (where applicable) for service and interest cost, expected return on assets, separation expense, interim remeasurement expense, actual benefit payments, and cash contributions. The discount rate and rate of expected return assumptions are unchanged from year-end 2017. Included in Other assets are pension assets of $3.5 billion and $4.2 billion at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively.


19

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 13. RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):
 
Third Quarter
 
Pension Benefits
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
Worldwide OPEB
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Service cost
$
133

 
$
136

 
$
154

 
$
146

 
$
13

 
$
13

Interest cost
382

 
367

 
155

 
168

 
50

 
49

Expected return on assets
(683
)
 
(721
)
 
(347
)
 
(318
)
 

 

Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
36

 
36

 
9

 
6

 
(30
)
 
(27
)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss

 

 

 

 

 

Separation programs/other
58

 
15

 
5

 
47

 

 

Settlements and curtailments

 

 

 

 

 

Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$
(74
)
 
$
(167
)
 
$
(24
)
 
$
49

 
$
33

 
$
35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Nine Months
 
Pension Benefits
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
Worldwide OPEB
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Service cost
$
400

 
$
408

 
$
413

 
$
449

 
$
37

 
$
40

Interest cost
1,144

 
1,100

 
487

 
517

 
148

 
147

Expected return on assets
(2,050
)
 
(2,165
)
 
(1,012
)
 
(981
)
 

 

Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
107

 
107

 
27

 
19

 
(89
)
 
(82
)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss

 
(26
)
 

 

 

 

Separation programs/other
70

 
29

 
24

 
65

 

 
1

Settlements and curtailments

 
(15
)
 

 

 

 

Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$
(329
)
 
$
(562
)
 
$
(61
)
 
$
69

 
$
96

 
$
106


The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net of our consolidated income statement.

In the first quarter of 2018, we amended the U.S. defined benefit plans for senior management.  Effective December 31, 2019, the plans will have a 35-year limit for service and pay for purposes of determining the pension benefits. As a result, we recognized both a remeasurement gain and a curtailment gain related to the amendments.

Pension Plan Contributions

During 2018, we expect to contribute about $500 million (most of which are mandatory contributions) from cash and cash equivalents to our global funded pension plans, and to make about $350 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans, for a total of about $850 million. In the first nine months of 2018, we contributed about $300 million to our global funded pension plans and made about $250 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.


20

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 14. DEBT
The carrying value of Automotive, Ford Credit, and Other debt was as follows (in millions):
Automotive
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
Debt payable within one year
 
 
 
Short-term
$
1,396

 
$
1,517

Long-term payable within one year
 

 
 

Public unsecured debt securities
361

 

U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (“DOE ATVM”) Incentive Program
591

 
591

Other debt
1,031

 
1,126

Unamortized (discount)/premium
(23
)
 
(18
)
Total debt payable within one year
3,356

 
3,216

Long-term debt payable after one year
 

 
 

Public unsecured debt securities
9,033

 
9,033

DOE ATVM Incentive Program
2,060

 
1,618

Other debt
1,848

 
1,114

Adjustments
 
 
 
Unamortized (discount)/premium
(290
)
 
(244
)
Unamortized issuance costs
(76
)
 
(73
)
Total long-term debt payable after one year
12,575

 
11,448

Total Automotive
$
15,931

 
$
14,664

 
 
 
 
Fair value of Automotive debt (a)
$
17,976

 
$
14,948

 
 
 
 
Ford Credit
 

 
 

Debt payable within one year
 

 
 

Short-term
$
17,153

 
$
15,313

Long-term payable within one year
 

 
 

Unsecured debt
13,298

 
13,123

Asset-backed debt
17,817

 
19,139

Adjustments
 
 
 
Unamortized (discount)/premium
1

 

Unamortized issuance costs
(16
)
 
(16
)
Fair value adjustments (b)
12

 
(12
)
Total debt payable within one year
48,265

 
47,547

Long-term debt payable after one year
 
 
 
Unsecured debt
55,687

 
56,591

Asset-backed debt
34,052

 
34,784

Adjustments
 
 
 
Unamortized (discount)/premium
(2
)
 

Unamortized issuance costs
(212
)
 
(208
)
Fair value adjustments (b)
(33
)
 
(547
)
Total long-term debt payable after one year
89,492

 
90,620

Total Ford Credit
$
137,757

 
$
138,167

 
 
 
 
Fair value of Ford Credit debt (a)
$
139,605

 
$
138,311

 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
 
Long-term debt payable after one year
 
 
 
Unsecured debt
$
604

 
$
604

Adjustments
 
 
 
Unamortized (discount)/premium
(3
)
 
(3
)
Unamortized issuance costs
(2
)
 
(1
)
Total Other
$
599

 
$
600

 
 
 
 
Fair value of Other debt
$
801

 
$
709

__________
(a)
The fair value of debt includes $1.1 billion and $1.3 billion of Automotive segment short-term debt and $16.4 billion and $13.7 billion of Ford Credit segment short-term debt at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively, carried at cost, which approximates fair value. All other debt is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
(b)
These adjustments relate to designated fair value hedges. The carrying value of hedged debt was $39 billion and $39.1 billion at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

21

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, certain commodity prices, and interest rates. To manage these risks, we enter into highly effective derivative contracts. We have elected to apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives. Derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated and throughout the hedge period. Some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting; for others, we elect not to apply hedge accounting.

Income Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

The gains/(losses), by hedge designation, recorded in income for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Cash flow hedges (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassified from AOCI to Cost of sales
$
115

 
$
45

 
$
357

 
$
50

Fair value hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments
50

 
(5
)
 
182

 
19

Fair value changes on hedging instruments (b)
(40
)
 
(102
)
 
(95
)
 
(531
)
Fair value changes on hedged debt (b)
40

 
110

 
95

 
521

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency exchange contracts (c)
(168
)
 
(10
)
 
(594
)
 
290

Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
5

 
(75
)
 
79

 
(258
)
Interest rate contracts
20

 
9

 
57

 
(28
)
Commodity contracts
21

 
(24
)
 
53

 
(62
)
Total
$
43

 
$
(52
)
 
$
134

 
$
1

__________
(a)
For the third quarter and first nine months of 2017, a $116 million loss and a $90 million gain, respectively, were recorded in Other comprehensive income, net of tax. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, a $91 million loss and a $30 million gain, respectively, were recorded in Other comprehensive income, net of tax.
(b)
For 2017, the fair value changes on hedging instruments and on hedged debt were recorded in Other income/(loss), net; effective 2018, these amounts were recorded in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses.
(c)
For the third quarter and first nine months of 2017, a $107 million loss and a $443 million loss were recorded in Cost of sales and a $61 million loss and a $151 million loss were recorded in Other income/(loss), net, respectively. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, a $16 million loss and a $186 million gain were recorded in Cost of sales and a $6 million gain and a $104 million gain were recorded in Other income(loss), net, respectively.

22

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

Balance Sheet Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative assets and liabilities are recorded on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value and are presented on a gross basis. The notional amounts of the derivative instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and are not a direct measure of our financial exposure. We also enter into master agreements with counterparties that may allow for netting of exposures in the event of default or breach of the counterparty agreement. Collateral represents cash received or paid under reciprocal arrangements that we have entered into with our derivative counterparties which we do not use to offset our derivative assets and liabilities.

The fair value of our derivative instruments and the associated notional amounts, presented gross, were as follows (in millions):
 
December 31, 2017
 
September 30, 2018
 
Notional
 
Fair Value of
Assets
 
Fair Value of
Liabilities
 
Notional
 
Fair Value of
Assets
 
Fair Value of
Liabilities
Cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency exchange contracts
$
19,595

 
$
407

 
$
306

 
$
16,848

 
$
196

 
$
137

Fair value hedges
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
28,008

 
248

 
135

 
27,769

 
112

 
632

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency exchange contracts
20,679

 
172

 
302

 
18,694

 
210

 
98

Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
4,006

 
408

 
28

 
5,649

 
206

 
166

Interest rate contracts
60,504

 
276

 
137

 
68,226

 
250

 
298

Commodity contracts
660

 
37

 
4

 
738

 
5

 
45

Total derivative financial instruments, gross (a) (b)
$
133,452

 
$
1,548

 
$
912

 
$
137,924

 
$
979

 
$
1,376

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion
 
 
$
802

 
$
568

 
 
 
$
623

 
$
532

Non-current portion
 
 
746

 
344

 
 
 
356

 
844

Total derivative financial instruments, gross
 
 
$
1,548

 
$
912

 
 
 
$
979

 
$
1,376

__________
(a)
At December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, we held collateral of $15 million and $16 million, and we posted collateral of $38 million and $59 million, respectively.
(b)
At December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, the fair value of assets and liabilities available for counterparty netting was $618 million and $351 million, respectively. All derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.


23

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)

The changes in the balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Foreign currency translation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
(4,266
)
 
$
(4,577
)
 
$
(4,593
)
 
$
(4,277
)
Gains/(Losses) on foreign currency translation
25

 
(136
)
 
175

 
(419
)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)
(94
)
 
(2
)
 
(271
)
 
17

Net gains/(losses) on foreign currency translation
119

 
(134
)
 
446

 
(436
)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (a)
(17
)
 
1

 
(17
)
 
3

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
102

 
(133
)
 
429

 
(433
)
Ending balance
$
(4,164
)
 
$
(4,710
)
 
$
(4,164
)
 
$
(4,710
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
(11
)
 
$
(103
)
 
$
(14
)
 
$
(48
)
Gains/(Losses) on available for sale securities
(3
)
 
(7
)
 

 
(91
)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
2

 
(22
)
Net gains/(losses) on available for sale securities

 
(6
)
 
(2
)
 
(69
)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income

 
4

 
5

 
14

Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)
1

 

 
1

 
2

Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income
(1
)
 
4

 
4

 
12

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
2

 
(57
)
Ending balance
$
(12
)
 
$
(105
)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
(105
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
253

 
$
103

 
$
283

 
$
18

Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments
(116
)
 
(91
)
 
90

 
30

Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)
(36
)
 
(21
)
 
15

 
8

Net gains/(losses) on derivative instruments
(80
)
 
(70
)
 
75

 
22

(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income
(115
)
 
(45
)
 
(357
)
 
(50
)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)
(24
)
 
(12
)
 
(81
)
 
(10
)
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (b)
(91
)
 
(33
)
 
(276
)
 
(40
)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
(171
)
 
(103
)
 
(201
)
 
(18
)
Ending balance
$
82

 
$

 
$
82

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
(2,692
)
 
$
(2,627
)
 
$
(2,689
)
 
$
(2,652
)
Amortization and recognition of prior service costs/(credits)
15

 
15

 
45

 
44

Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)
(13
)
 
2

 
15

 
8

Net prior service costs/(credits) reclassified from AOCI to net income
28

 
13

 
30

 
36

Translation impact on non-U.S. plans
(1
)
 

 
(6
)
 
2

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
27

 
13

 
24

 
38

Ending balance
$
(2,665
)
 
$
(2,614
)
 
$
(2,665
)
 
$
(2,614
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total AOCI ending balance at September 30
$
(6,759
)
 
$
(7,429
)
 
$
(6,759
)
 
$
(7,429
)
__________
(a)
Reclassified to Other income/(loss), net.
(b)
Reclassified to Cost of sales. During the next twelve months we expect to reclassify existing net gains on cash flow hedges of $95 million. See Note 15 for additional information.

24

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments and contingencies primarily consist of guarantees and indemnifications, litigation and claims, and warranty.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

The maximum potential payments and the carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities were as follows (in millions):
 
December 31,
2017
 
September 30,
2018
Maximum potential payments
$
1,397

 
$
1,377

Carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities
408

 
391


Guarantees and indemnifications are recorded at fair value at their inception. We regularly review our performance risk under these arrangements, and in the event it becomes probable we will be required to perform under a guarantee or indemnity, the amount of probable payment is recorded.

We guarantee the resale value of vehicles sold in certain arrangements to daily rental companies. The maximum potential payment of $1.2 billion as of September 30, 2018 included in the table above represents the total proceeds we guarantee the rental company will receive on re-sale.  Reflecting our present estimate of proceeds the rental companies will receive on resale from third parties, we have recorded $374 million as our best estimate of the amount we will have to pay under the guarantee. 

We also guarantee debt and lease obligations of certain joint ventures, as well as certain financial obligations of outside third parties, including suppliers, to support our business and economic growth. Expiration dates vary through 2033, and guarantees will terminate on payment and/or cancellation of the underlying obligation. A payment by us would be triggered by failure of the joint venture or other third party to fulfill its obligation covered by the guarantee. In some circumstances, we are entitled to recover from a third party amounts paid by us under the guarantee. However, our ability to enforce these rights is sometimes stayed until the guaranteed party is paid in full, and may be limited in the event of insolvency of the third party or other circumstances.

In the ordinary course of business, we execute contracts involving indemnifications standard in the industry and indemnifications specific to a transaction, such as the sale of a business. These indemnifications might include and are not limited to claims relating to any of the following: environmental, tax, and shareholder matters; intellectual property rights; power generation contracts; governmental regulations and employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other commercial contractual relationships; and financial matters, such as securitizations. Performance under these indemnities generally would be triggered by a breach of terms of the contract or by a third-party claim. While some of these indemnifications are limited in nature, many of them do not limit potential payment. Therefore, we are unable to estimate a maximum amount of future payments that could result from claims made under these unlimited indemnities.

Litigation and Claims

Various legal actions, proceedings, and claims (generally, “matters”) are pending or may be instituted or asserted against us. These include but are not limited to matters arising out of alleged defects in our products; product warranties; governmental regulations relating to safety, emissions, and fuel economy or other matters; government incentives; tax matters; alleged illegal acts resulting in fines or penalties; financial services; employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other contractual relationships; intellectual property rights; environmental matters; shareholder or investor matters; and financial reporting matters. Certain of the pending legal actions are, or purport to be, class actions. Some of the matters involve or may involve claims for compensatory, punitive, or antitrust or other treble damages in very large amounts, or demands for field service actions, environmental remediation programs, sanctions, loss of government incentives, assessments, or other relief, which, if granted, would require very large expenditures.

The extent of our financial exposure to these matters is difficult to estimate. Many matters do not specify a dollar amount for damages, and many others specify only a jurisdictional minimum. To the extent an amount is asserted, our historical experience suggests that in most instances the amount asserted is not a reliable indicator of the ultimate outcome.

25

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

We accrue for matters when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. In evaluating matters for accrual and disclosure purposes, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of a similar nature, the specific facts and circumstances asserted, the likelihood that we will prevail, and the severity of any potential loss. We reevaluate and update our accruals as matters progress over time.

For the majority of matters, which generally arise out of alleged defects in our products, we establish an accrual based on our extensive historical experience with similar matters. We do not believe there is a reasonably possible outcome materially in excess of our accrual for these matters.

For the remaining matters, where our historical experience with similar matters is of more limited value (i.e., “non-pattern matters”), we evaluate the matters primarily based on the individual facts and circumstances. For non-pattern matters, we evaluate whether there is a reasonable possibility of a material loss in excess of any accrual that can be estimated. Our estimate of reasonably possible loss in excess of our accruals for all material matters currently reflects indirect tax, customs, and competition law matters, for which we estimate the aggregate risk to be a range of up to about $900 million.

As noted, the litigation process is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance. Our assessments are based on our knowledge and experience, but the ultimate outcome of any matter could require payment substantially in excess of the amount that we have accrued and/or disclosed.

Warranty and Field Service Actions

We accrue an amount for estimated cost associated with warranty and field service actions (i.e., safety recalls, emission recalls, and customer satisfaction actions) at the time of sale using a patterned estimation model that includes historical information regarding the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims for each vehicle line by model year. Warranty and field service action obligations are reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. We reevaluate the adequacy of our accruals on a regular basis.

We recognize the benefit from a recovery of the costs associated with our warranty and field service actions when specifics of the recovery have been agreed with our supplier and the collection of the recovery is virtually certain. Recoveries are reported in Trade and other receivables and Other assets.

The estimate of our future warranty and field service action costs, net of supplier recoveries, for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):
 
First Nine Months
 
2017
 
2018
Beginning balance
$
4,960

 
$
5,296

Payments made during the period
(2,596
)
 
(3,107
)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period
1,588

 
1,832

Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties
968

 
792

Foreign currency translation and other
111

 
(103
)
Ending balance
$
5,031

 
$
4,710


Revisions to our estimated costs are reported as changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties in the table above.


26

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 18. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Effective January 1, 2018, we changed our reportable segments to reflect the manner in which we manage our business. Based on changes to our organization structure and how our CODM reviews operating results and makes decisions about resource allocation, we have three reportable segments that represent the primary businesses reported in our consolidated financial statements: Automotive, Mobility, and Ford Credit.

In addition to the change in reportable segments, consistent with how our CODM assesses performance of the segments, we changed the measurement of our segment profits and losses as described below:

Corporate governance expenses, which were previously reported as part of our Automotive segment, are reported as part of Corporate Other
Autonomous vehicle development costs, which were previously reported as part of our Automotive segment, are reported in Mobility
Interest income and portfolio gains and losses, which were previously reported in our segment results, are reported in Corporate Other. Interest expense (other than interest expense incurred by Ford Credit) is reported as a separate reconciling item

Prior period amounts were adjusted retrospectively to reflect the segment and measurement changes.

Below is a description of our reportable segments and other activities.

Automotive Segment

Our Automotive segment primarily includes the sale of Ford and Lincoln vehicles, service parts, and accessories worldwide, together with the associated costs to develop, manufacture, distribute, and service the vehicles, parts, and accessories. This segment includes revenues and costs related to our electrification vehicle programs. The segment includes five regional business units:  North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific.
Mobility Segment

Our Mobility segment primarily includes development costs related to our autonomous vehicles and our investment in mobility through Ford Smart Mobility LLC (“FSM”). Autonomous vehicles includes self-driving systems development and vehicle integration, autonomous vehicle research and advanced engineering, AV transportation-as-a-service network development, user experience, and business strategy and business development teams. FSM designs and builds mobility services on its own, and collaborates with start-ups and tech companies.

Ford Credit Segment

The Ford Credit segment is comprised of the Ford Credit business on a consolidated basis, which is primarily vehicle-related financing and leasing activities.

Corporate Other

Corporate Other primarily includes corporate governance expenses, interest income (excluding interest earned on our extended service contract portfolio that is included in our Automotive segment) and portfolio gains and losses from our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, and foreign exchange derivatives gains and losses associated with intercompany lending. Corporate governance expenses are primarily administrative, delivering benefit on behalf of the global enterprise and are not allocated to specific Automotive business units or operating segments. These include expenses related to setting and directing global policy, providing oversight and stewardship, and promoting the Company’s interests. The underlying assets and liabilities associated with these activities remain with the respective Automotive and Mobility segments.

Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt is presented as a separate reconciling item and consists of interest expense on Automotive and Other debt. The underlying liability is reported in the Automotive segment and in Corporate Other.

27

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 18. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Special Items

Special Items are presented as a separate reconciling item. They consist of (i) pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses, (ii) significant personnel and dealer-related costs stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (iii) other items that we do not necessarily consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities. Our management excludes these items from its review of the results of the operating segments for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources. We also report these special items separately to help investors track amounts related to these activities and to allow investors analyzing our results to identify certain infrequent significant items that they may wish to exclude when considering the trend of ongoing operating results.

Key financial information for the periods ended or at September 30 was as follows (in millions):

 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Ford Credit
 
Corporate
Other
 
Interest
on Debt
 
Special Items
 
Adjustments
 
Total
Third Quarter 2017
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Revenues
$
33,646

 
$
3

 
$
2,802

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
36,451

Income/(loss) before income taxes
1,879

 
(72
)
 
600

 
(122
)
 
(298
)
 
(217
)
 

 
1,770

Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies
305

 
1

 
10

 

 

 

 

 
316

Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities
26,144

 
1

 
11,936

 

 

 

 

 
38,081

Restricted cash
4

 
7

 
120

 

 

 

 

 
131

Total assets
104,110

 
85

 
154,868

 

 

 

 
(7,214
)
(a)
251,849

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Third Quarter 2018
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Revenues
$
34,660

 
$
8

 
$
2,998

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
37,666

Income/(loss) before income taxes
1,402

 
(196
)
 
678

 
(216
)
 
(343
)
 
(231
)
 

 
1,094

Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies
(40
)
 

 
8

 

 

 

 

 
(32
)
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities
23,579

 
26

 
12,737

 

 

 

 

 
36,342

Restricted cash
16

 
30

 
147

 

 

 

 

 
193

Total assets
102,615

 
510

 
159,976

 

 

 

 
(4,135
)
(a)
258,966

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Ford Credit
 
Corporate
Other
 
Interest
on Debt
 
Special Items
 
Adjustments
 
Total
First Nine Months 2017
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Revenues
$
107,234

 
$
7

 
$
8,209

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
115,450

Income/(loss) before income taxes
6,449

 
(199
)
 
1,700

 
(340
)
 
(882
)
 
(441
)
 

 
6,287

Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies
910

 

 
25

 

 

 

 

 
935

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Nine Months 2018
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Revenues
$
109,577

 
$
18

 
$
8,950

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
118,545

Income/(loss) before income taxes
4,291

 
(479
)
 
1,964

 
(231
)
 
(933
)
 
(250
)
 

 
4,362

Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies
232

 

 
20

 

 

 

 

 
252

__________
(a)
Includes eliminations of intersegment transactions occurring in the ordinary course of business and deferred tax netting.


28


ITEM 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

OVERVIEW

Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures

We use both generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and non-GAAP financial measures for operational and financial decision making, and to assess Company and segment business performance. The non-GAAP measures listed below are intended to be considered by users as supplemental information to their equivalent GAAP measures, to aid investors in better understanding our financial results. We believe that these non-GAAP measures provide useful perspective on underlying business results and trends, and a means to assess our period-over-period results. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures may not be the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in items or events being adjusted.

Company Adjusted EBIT (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Income Attributable to Ford) – Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) includes non-controlling interests and excludes interest on debt (excl. Ford Credit Debt), taxes, and pre-tax special items. This non-GAAP measure is useful to management and investors because it allows users to evaluate our operating results aligned with industry reporting. Pre-tax special items consist of (i) pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses, (ii) significant personnel and dealer-related costs stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (iii) other items that we do not necessarily consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities.  When we provide guidance for adjusted EBIT, we do not provide guidance on a net income basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.

Company Adjusted EBIT Margin (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Company Net Income Margin) – Company Adjusted EBIT margin is Company adjusted EBIT divided by Company revenue. This non-GAAP measure is useful to management and investors because it allows users to evaluate our operating results aligned with industry reporting.

Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Earnings Per Share) – Measure of Company’s diluted net earnings per share adjusted for impact of pre-tax special items (described above) and tax special items. The measure provides investors with useful information to evaluate performance of our business excluding items not indicative of the underlying run rate of our business. When we provide guidance for adjusted earnings per share, we do not provide guidance on an earnings per share basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.

Adjusted Effective Tax Rate (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Effective Tax Rate) – Measure of Company’s tax rate excluding pre-tax special items (described above) and tax special items. The measure provides an ongoing effective rate which investors find useful for historical comparisons and for forecasting. When we provide guidance for adjusted effective tax rate, we do not provide guidance on an effective tax rate basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.

Company Adjusted Operating Cash Flow (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Cash Provided By / (Used In) Operating Activities) – Measure of Company’s operating cash flow excluding Ford Credit’s operating cash flows. The measure contains elements management considers operating activities, including Automotive and Mobility capital spending, Ford Credit distributions to its parent, and settlement of derivatives. The measure excludes cash outflows for funded pension contributions, separation payments, and other items that are considered operating cash outflows under U.S. GAAP. This measure is useful to management and investors because it is consistent with management’s assessment of the Company’s operating cash flow performance. When we provide guidance for Company adjusted operating cash flow, we do not provide guidance for net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities because the GAAP measure will include items that are difficult to quantify or predict with reasonable certainty, including cash flows related to the Company's exposures to foreign currency exchange rates and certain commodity prices (separate from any related hedges), Ford Credit's operating cash flows, and cash flows related to special items, including separation payments, each of which individually or in the aggregate could have a significant impact to our net cash provided by/(used in) our operating activities.

29

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Ford Credit Managed Receivables (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Finance Receivables plus Net Investment in Operating Leases) – Measure of Ford Credit’s total net receivables, excluding unearned interest supplements and residual support, allowance for credit losses, and other (primarily accumulated supplemental depreciation). The measure is useful to management and investors as it closely approximates the customer’s outstanding balance on the receivables, which is the basis for earning revenue.

Ford Credit Managed Leverage (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Financial Statement Leverage) – Ford Credit’s debt-to-equity ratio adjusted (i) to exclude cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (other than amounts related to insurance activities), and (ii) for derivative accounting. The measure is useful to investors because it reflects the way Ford Credit manages its business. Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are deducted because they generally correspond to excess debt beyond the amount required to support operations and on-balance sheet securitization transactions. Derivative accounting adjustments are made to asset, debt, and equity positions to reflect the impact of interest rate instruments used with Ford Credit’s term-debt issuances and securitization transactions. Ford Credit generally repays its debt obligations as they mature, so the interim effects of changes in market interest rates are excluded in the calculation of managed leverage.

30

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Company

The chart below shows our third quarter and year-to-date 2018 key metrics for the Company, compared to a year ago.

q32018cometrics6c.jpg

We reported mixed results on the top line in the third quarter of 2018, with Company revenue higher than a year ago, driven by strong mix in North America. Wholesale volume was down 10% year over year, largely due to our joint ventures in China and Turkey. Market share also was lower, driven by lower share in China, although we had share declines across all regions.
Net income in the third quarter of 2018 was $1 billion or $0.25 diluted earnings per share of Common and Class B stock, down $600 million or $0.14 per share from a year ago. Company adjusted EBIT for the third quarter of 2018 was $1.7 billion or $0.29 diluted adjusted earnings per share, down $600 million or $0.15 per share year over year.
Net income margin was 2.6% and Company adjusted EBIT margin was 4.4% in the third quarter of 2018, down 1.7 percentage points and 1.9 percentage points, respectively, from a year ago.
Net income, net income margin, adjusted EBIT, and adjusted EBIT margin in the third quarter of 2018 were all essentially flat from the second quarter of 2018, despite the lower volume.
To put the quarter into context against recent performance, revenue was lower than in the past three quarters due mainly to lower volume. Some of this is seasonal, reflecting the normal summer plant shutdowns that occur in Europe and North America.


31

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

The chart below shows our third quarter 2018 net income attributable to Ford and Company adjusted EBIT by segment.

q32018coresults6a.jpg

Net income and Company adjusted EBIT were driven by our Automotive and Ford Credit segments with losses, as expected, in our Mobility segment and Corporate Other. The Mobility loss was split about equally between investments in our autonomous vehicle business and mobility services. The increased loss from a year ago also was driven about equally by higher investments in both areas of Mobility. The Corporate Other loss consists of expenses for corporate governance, mark-to-market adjustments on marketable securities, and interest income.
Ford Credit was an outstanding performer in the third quarter of 2018, generating an EBT of $678 million, which was its best quarter in over 7 years. This was driven by favorable volume and mix and favorable lease residuals. Auction values rose 5% year over year at constant mix. We now expect auction values for the full year to improve on average 3% at constant mix. U.S. consumer credit metrics remain healthy, and Ford Credit’s balance sheet remains strong.


32

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Automotive Segment

The chart below shows our third quarter 2018 Automotive segment EBIT by region.

q32018autoebit6.jpg

The details of our Automotive segment highlight our performance in North America, where we generated a healthy EBIT of $2 billion, which is higher than a year ago despite lower volume and higher commodity cost. This was enabled by a strong, positive mix as our portfolio continues to shift more to trucks, utilities, and vans. As a result, EBIT margin reached nearly 9% compared with an average first half 2018 EBIT margin of 7.6%.
While we continued to see a combined loss in our automotive operations outside North America, the loss slightly improved from the second quarter of 2018 despite lower volume. This includes adjustments to dealer inventories in China that now have us well-positioned in terms of days’ supply.
In South America, the ongoing recovery in Brazil slowed due predominately to external headwinds, including an 18% currency depreciation compared to a year ago and increasing inflation, including higher commodity prices. In Argentina, the peso lost 45% of its value compared to a year ago, and annual inflation is running at 34%. Our team has responded with substantial price increases, resistance of inflation recovery by suppliers, and continued reduction in structural costs. We also continue to progress our plans to transform our longer-term operating model in the region.
In Europe, we saw favorable market factors from a year ago related to new products such as EcoSport, Fiesta, and Transit Custom. Our commercial business continued to be strong as well, delivering a record market share in the third quarter of 2018. EBIT, however, deteriorated from a year ago, largely due to unfavorable external factors affecting performance in Turkey and Russia, combined with launch-related costs from the new Focus. Our team is focused on accelerating actions to improve our near-term performance, while we continue to put in place the plans to substantially redesign our future business in Europe.
In Asia Pacific, the markets outside China remained profitable, although lower than a year ago, generating a 9% EBIT margin. As in the second quarter of 2018, the EBIT loss in Asia Pacific was driven by China, reflecting a loss for our consolidated China operations as well as at our China joint ventures. The losses were driven by the same factors as in the prior quarter, i.e., lower volume and lower net pricing. Compared with the second quarter of 2018, we reduced the loss in China by over $100 million or about 20%. We are focused intensely on our sales turnaround plan for China, and we are now just at the beginning of a strong product launch cadence, starting with the all-new Territory SUV, the all-new Focus, and the new Escort. All of these models will make significant contributions to reinvigorating our sales growth beginning in the first quarter next year.

33

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

In general, we measure year-over-year change in Automotive segment EBIT using the causal factors listed below, with net pricing and cost variances calculated at present-year volume and mix and exchange:

Market Factors (exclude the impact of unconsolidated affiliate wholesales):
Volume and Mix – primarily measures EBIT variance from changes in wholesale volumes (at prior-year average contribution margin per unit) driven by changes in industry volume, market share, and dealer stocks, as well as the EBIT variance resulting from changes in product mix, including mix among vehicle lines and mix of trim levels and options within a vehicle line
Net Pricing – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by changes in wholesale prices to dealers and marketing incentive programs such as rebate programs, low-rate financing offers, special lease offers, and stock adjustments on dealer inventory

Cost:
Contribution Costs – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by per-unit changes in cost categories that typically vary with volume, such as material costs (including commodity and component costs), warranty expense, and freight and duty costs
Structural Costs – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by absolute change in cost categories that typically do not have a directly proportionate relationship to production volume. Structural costs include the following cost categories:
Manufacturing, Including Volume-Related consists primarily of costs for hourly and salaried manufacturing personnel, plant overhead (such as utilities and taxes), and new product launch expense.
These costs could be affected by volume for operating pattern actions such as overtime, line-speed, and shift schedules
Engineering consists primarily of costs for engineering personnel, prototype materials, testing, and outside engineering services
Spending-Related consists primarily of depreciation and amortization of our manufacturing and engineering assets, but also includes asset retirements and operating leases
Advertising and Sales Promotions includes costs for advertising, marketing programs, brand promotions, customer mailings and promotional events, and auto shows
Administrative and Selling includes primarily costs for salaried personnel and purchased services related to our staff activities and selling functions, as well as associated information technology costs
Pension and OPEB consists primarily of past service pension costs and other postretirement employee benefit costs

Other includes a variety of items, such as parts and services profits, royalties, government incentives, and compensation-related changes. Other also includes:
Exchange – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by one or more of the following: (i) transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the relevant entities, (ii) effects of converting functional currency income to U.S. dollars, (iii) effects of remeasuring monetary assets and liabilities of the relevant entities in currencies other than their functional currency, or (iv) results of our foreign currency hedging
Beginning in 2018, in our discussion of Asia Pacific EBIT, Other includes the equity income from our China JVs. In prior periods, the impact of our equity income from our China JVs was spread across each causal factor

34

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

In addition, definitions and calculations used in this report include:

Wholesales and Revenue – wholesale unit volumes include all Ford and Lincoln badged units (whether produced by Ford or by an unconsolidated affiliate) that are sold to dealerships, units manufactured by Ford that are sold to other manufacturers, units distributed by Ford for other manufacturers, and local brand units produced by our China joint venture, Jiangling Motors Corporation, Ltd. (“JMC”), that are sold to dealerships. Vehicles sold to daily rental car companies that are subject to a guaranteed repurchase option (i.e., rental repurchase), as well as other sales of finished vehicles for which the recognition of revenue is deferred (e.g., consignments), also are included in wholesale unit volumes. Revenue from certain vehicles in wholesale unit volumes (specifically, Ford badged vehicles produced and distributed by our unconsolidated affiliates, as well as JMC brand vehicles) are not included in our revenue

Industry Volume and Market Share – based, in part, on estimated vehicle registrations; includes medium and heavy duty trucks

SAAR – seasonally adjusted annual rate

References to Automotive records for EBIT margin and business units are since at least 2009.

35

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

The charts on the following pages provide third quarter and year-to-date 2018 key metrics and the change in third quarter 2018 EBIT compared with third quarter 2017 by causal factor for our Automotive segment and its regional business units: North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific.

q32018autometrics8a.jpg

q32018autoebitbridge6.jpg

36

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

q32018nametrics6.jpg

q32018naebitbridge6.jpg

37

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

q32018sametrics6.jpg

q32018saebitbridge6.jpg

38

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

q32018eurmetrics6.jpg

q32018eurebitbridge6.jpg

39

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

q32018meametrics6.jpg

q32018meaebitbridge6.jpg

40

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

q32018apmetrics6.jpg

q32018apebitbridge6.jpg


41

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Mobility Segment

Our Mobility segment primarily includes development costs related to our autonomous vehicles and our investment in mobility through Ford Smart Mobility LLC (“FSM”). Autonomous vehicles includes self-driving systems development and vehicle integration, autonomous vehicle research and advanced engineering, AV transportation-as-a-service network development, user experience, and business strategy and business development teams. FSM designs and builds mobility services on its own, and collaborates with start-ups and tech companies.

The chart below shows the Mobility segment’s third quarter and year-to-date 2018 EBIT compared with a year ago.

q32018mobmetricsebit9.jpg


42

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Ford Credit Segment

In general, we measure year-over-year changes in Ford Credit’s EBT using the causal factors listed below:

Volume and Mix:
Volume primarily measures changes in net financing margin driven by changes in average managed receivables at prior period financing margin yield (defined below in financing margin) at prior period exchange rates. Volume changes are primarily driven by the volume of new and used vehicle sales and leases, the extent to which Ford Credit purchases retail installment sale and lease contracts, the extent to which Ford Credit provides wholesale financing, the sales price of the vehicles financed, the level of dealer inventories, Ford-sponsored special financing programs available exclusively through Ford Credit, and the availability of cost-effective funding for the purchase of retail installment sale and lease contracts and to provide wholesale financing
Mix primarily measures changes in net financing margin driven by period over period changes in the composition of Ford Credit’s average managed receivables by product and by country or region

Financing Margin:
Financing margin variance is the period-to-period change in financing margin yield multiplied by the present period average managed receivables at prior period exchange rates. This calculation is performed at the product and country level and then aggregated. Financing margin yield equals revenue, less interest expense and scheduled depreciation for the period, divided by average managed receivables for the same period
Financing margin changes are driven by changes in revenue and interest expense. Changes in revenue are primarily driven by the level of market interest rates, cost assumptions in pricing, mix of business, and competitive environment. Changes in interest expense are primarily driven by the level of market interest rates, borrowing spreads, and asset-liability management

Credit Loss:
Credit loss is the change in the provision for credit losses at prior period exchange rates. For analysis purposes, management splits the provision for credit losses into net charge-offs and the change in the allowance for credit losses
Net charge-off changes are primarily driven by the number of repossessions, severity per repossession, and recoveries. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are primarily driven by changes in historical trends in credit losses and recoveries, changes in the composition and size of Ford Credit’s present portfolio, changes in trends in historical used vehicle values, and changes in economic conditions. For additional information, refer to the “Critical Accounting Estimates - Allowance for Credit Losses” section of Item 7 of Part II of our 2017 Form 10-K Report

Lease Residual:
Lease residual measures changes to residual performance at prior period exchange rates. For analysis purposes, management splits residual performance primarily into residual gains and losses, and the change in accumulated supplemental depreciation
Residual gain and loss changes are primarily driven by the number of vehicles returned to Ford Credit and sold, and the difference between the auction value and the depreciated value (which includes both base and accumulated supplemental depreciation) of the vehicles sold. Changes in accumulated supplemental depreciation are primarily driven by changes in Ford Credit’s estimate of the expected auction value at the end of the lease term, and changes in the estimate of the number of vehicles that will be returned to it and sold. For additional information, refer to the “Critical Accounting Estimates - Accumulated Depreciation on Vehicles Subject to Operating Leases” section of Item 7 of Part II of our 2017 Form 10-K Report

Exchange:
Reflects changes in EBT driven by the effects of converting functional currency income to U.S. dollars

Other:
Primarily includes operating expenses, other revenue, insurance expenses, and other income at prior period exchange rates
Changes in operating expenses are primarily driven by salaried personnel costs, facilities costs, and costs associated with the origination and servicing of customer contracts
In general, other income changes are primarily driven by changes in earnings related to market valuation adjustments to derivatives (primarily related to movements in interest rates) and other miscellaneous items

43

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

In addition, the following definitions and calculations apply to Ford Credit when used in this report:

Cash (as shown on the Funding Structure, Liquidity Sources, and Leverage charts) – Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, excluding amounts related to insurance activities

Earnings Before Taxes (EBT) – Reflects Ford Credit’s income before income taxes

Return on Equity (ROE) (as shown on the Key Metrics chart) – Reflects return on equity calculated by annualizing net income for the period and dividing by monthly average equity for the period

Securitizations (as shown on the Public Term Funding Plan chart) – Public securitization transactions, Rule 144A offerings sponsored by Ford Credit, and widely distributed offerings by Ford Credit Canada

Term Asset-Backed Securities (as shown on the Funding Structure chart) – Obligations issued in securitization transactions that are payable only out of collections on the underlying securitized assets and related enhancements

Total Debt (as shown on the Leverage chart) – Debt on Ford Credit’s balance sheet. Includes debt issued in securitizations and payable only out of collections on the underlying securitized assets and related enhancements. Ford Credit holds the right to receive the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions

Total Net Receivables (as shown on the Total Net Receivables Reconciliation To Managed Receivables chart) – Includes finance receivables (retail and wholesale) sold for legal purposes and net investment in operating leases included in securitization transactions that do not satisfy the requirements for accounting sale treatment. These receivables and operating leases are reported on Ford Credit’s balance sheet and are available only for payment of the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions; they are not available to pay the other obligations of Ford Credit or the claims of Ford Credit’s other creditors

44

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

The charts below provide third quarter and year-to-date 2018 key metrics and the change in third quarter 2018 EBT compared with third quarter 2017 by causal factor for the Ford Credit segment.

q32018fcmetrics7.jpg

q32018fcebt6a.jpg


45

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Corporate Other

Corporate Other primarily includes corporate governance expenses, interest income (excluding interest earned on our extended service contract portfolio that is included in our Automotive segment) and portfolio gains and losses from our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, and foreign exchange derivatives gains and losses associated with intercompany lending. Corporate governance expenses are primarily administrative, delivering benefit on behalf of the global enterprise and are not allocated to specific Automotive business units or operating segments. These include expenses related to setting and directing global policy, providing oversight and stewardship, and promoting the Company’s interests. Our third quarter 2018 Corporate Other results were a $216 million loss, compared with a $122 million loss a year ago. The year-over-year increase in the loss was due to higher corporate governance expenses and unfavorable mark-to-market adjustments to our marketable securities, more than explained by changes in the value of our investment in Pivotal.

Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt consists of interest expense on Automotive and Other debt. Third quarter 2018 interest expense on Automotive and Other debt was $343 million, $45 million higher than a year ago, reflecting primarily higher foreign debt interest expense.

Special Items

In Note 18 of the Notes to the Financial Statements, special items are reflected as a separate reconciling item, as opposed to being allocated among the Automotive, Mobility, and Ford Credit segments. This reflects the fact that management excludes these items from its review of operating segment results for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources.

Our pre-tax and tax special items were as follows:

q32018specials7.jpg

46

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Taxes

Our tax provisions for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 were $101 million and $555 million, respectively, resulting in GAAP effective tax rates of 9.2% and 12.7%, respectively. The GAAP effective tax rates for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 were 1.6 and 4.1 percentage points lower, respectively, than a year ago.

Our third quarter and first nine months of 2018 non-GAAP adjusted effective tax rates, which exclude special items, were 11.2% and 13.2%, respectively. The non-GAAP adjusted effective tax rates for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 were 0.8 and 3.6 percentage points lower, respectively, than a year ago.

During the third quarter of 2018, we recognized $101 million of benefit from settlements of tax controversies in various jurisdictions. In addition, during the first quarter of 2018, we recognized $235 million of benefit for non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards expected to be realized in the foreseeable future.


47

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Total balance sheet cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash (including Ford Credit) remains strong at $36.5 billion.

Company excluding Ford Credit

q32018balance7.jpg

Liquidity. One of our key priorities is to maintain a strong balance sheet, while at the same time having resources available to invest in and grow our business. Based on our planning assumptions, we believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to continue to invest in new products and services, pay our debts and obligations as and when they come due, pay a sustainable regular dividend at the current level, and provide protection within an uncertain global economic environment.

Our key balance sheet metrics include: company cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash, excluding Ford Credit’s cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash (collectively “Company cash”); Company liquidity, which includes Company cash, less restricted cash, and total available committed credit lines; and cash net of debt.
 
At September 30, 2018, we had $23.7 billion of Company cash, with 86% held by consolidated entities domiciled in the United States. To be prepared for an economic downturn, we target to have an average ongoing Company cash balance of about $20 billion. We expect to have periods when we will be above or below this amount due to:  (i) future cash flow expectations, such as for investments in future opportunities, capital investments, debt maturities, pension contributions, or restructuring requirements, (ii) short-term timing differences, and (iii) changes in the global economic environment.

48

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Our Company cash investments primarily include U.S. Department of Treasury obligations, federal agency securities, bank time deposits with investment-grade institutions, investment-grade corporate securities, investment-grade commercial paper, and debt obligations of a select group of non-U.S. governments, non-U.S. governmental agencies, and supranational institutions. The average maturity of these investments is approximately one year and adjusted based on market conditions and liquidity needs. We monitor our Company cash levels and average maturity on a daily basis.

In addition to our target Company cash balance, we also target to maintain a corporate credit facility, discussed below, for our Automotive business of about $10 billion to protect against exogenous shocks. We assess the appropriate long-term target for total Company liquidity, which includes Company cash and the Automotive portion of the corporate credit facility, to be about $30 billion, which is an amount we believe is sufficient to support our business priorities and to protect our business. At September 30, 2018, we had $34.7 billion of Company liquidity. We may reduce our Company cash and liquidity targets over time, based on improved operating performance and changes in our risk profile.
 
Changes in Company Cash. Beginning in 2018, we are reporting Company adjusted operating cash flow, which includes Automotive, Mobility, Corporate Other, and Interest on Debt cash flows, as well as Ford Credit distributions. Prior to 2018, Ford Credit distributions were reported as a non-operating cash flow.

In managing our business, we classify changes in Company cash into operating and other items. Operating items include: Company adjusted EBIT excluding Ford Credit, capital spending, depreciation and tooling amortization, changes in working capital, Ford Credit distributions, and all other and timing differences. Non-operating items include: separation payments, other transactions with Ford Credit, acquisitions and divestitures, changes in Automotive debt, contributions to funded pension plans, and shareholder distributions.

With respect to “Changes in working capital,” in general we carry relatively low Automotive segment trade receivables compared with our trade payables because the majority of our Automotive wholesales are financed (primarily by Ford Credit) immediately upon sale of vehicles to dealers, which generally occurs shortly after being produced. In addition, our inventories are lean because we build to order, not for inventory. In contrast, our Automotive trade payables are based primarily on industry-standard production supplier payment terms generally ranging between 30 days to 45 days. As a result, our cash flow tends to improve as wholesale volumes increase, but can deteriorate significantly when wholesale volumes drop sharply. These working capital balances generally are subject to seasonal changes that can impact cash flow. For example, we typically experience cash flow timing differences associated with inventories and payables due to our annual summer and December shutdown periods, when production, and therefore inventories and wholesale volumes, are usually at their lowest levels, while payables continue to come due and be paid. The net impact of this typically results in cash outflows from changes in our working capital balances during these shutdown periods.

49

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Changes in Company cash excluding Ford Credit are summarized below:

q32018cocash7.jpg

Capital spending was $2 billion in the third quarter of 2018 and $5.6 billion year-to-date. Our outlook for full year 2018 capital spending is about $7.5 billion.

Third quarter 2018 working capital was about $300 million negative reflecting primarily higher inventory, the impact of which will reverse in the fourth quarter. Year-to-date 2018 working capital was $1.3 billion negative, more than explained by higher inventory.

Third quarter and year-to-date 2018 all other and timing differences were negative reflecting primarily interest payments on Automotive and Other debt, cash taxes, and assorted timing differences.

Shareholder distributions were about $700 million in the third quarter of 2018 and $2.5 billion year to date. We expect full year distributions of $3.1 billion.

Available Credit Lines. Total committed Company credit lines excluding Ford Credit at September 30, 2018 were $12 billion, consisting of $10.4 billion of our corporate credit facility and $1.6 billion of local credit facilities. At September 30, 2018, the utilized portion of the corporate credit facility was $32 million, representing amounts utilized for letters of credit. At September 30, 2018, the utilized portion of the local credit facilities was about $800 million.

Lenders under our corporate credit facility have commitments to us totaling $13.4 billion, with 75% of the commitments maturing on April 30, 2023 and 25% of the commitments maturing on April 30, 2021. We have allocated $3 billion of commitments to Ford Credit on an irrevocable and exclusive basis to support its liquidity. We would guarantee any borrowings by Ford Credit under the corporate credit facility.

50

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

The corporate credit facility is unsecured and free of material adverse change conditions to borrowing, restrictive financial covenants (for example, interest or fixed-charge coverage ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and minimum net worth requirements), and credit rating triggers that could limit our ability to obtain funding. The corporate credit facility contains a liquidity covenant that requires us to maintain a minimum of $4 billion in aggregate of domestic cash, cash equivalents, and loaned and marketable securities and/or availability under the facility. If our senior, unsecured, long-term debt does not maintain at least two investment grade ratings from Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P, the guarantees of certain subsidiaries will be required.

Debt. As shown in Note 14 of the Notes to the Financial Statements, at September 30, 2018, Company debt excluding Ford Credit was $15.3 billion and Automotive debt was $14.7 billion. Both balances were about $1.2 billion lower than December 31, 2017, reflecting primarily U.S. debt repayments and exchange.

Leverage. We manage Automotive debt levels with a leverage framework to maintain investment grade credit ratings through a normal business cycle. The leverage framework includes a ratio of Automotive debt, underfunded pension liabilities, operating leases, and other adjustments, divided by Company adjusted EBIT, excluding Ford Credit EBT, and further adjusted for depreciation, amortization, and other adjustments. Ford Credit’s leverage is calculated as a separate business as described in the Liquidity - Ford Credit Segment section of Item 2. Ford Credit is self-funding and its debt, which is used to fund its operations, is separate from our Automotive debt.


51

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Ford Credit Segment

Funding Overview. Ford Credit’s primary funding and liquidity objective is to be well capitalized with a strong balance sheet and ample liquidity to support its financing activities and growth under a variety of market conditions, including short-term and long-term market disruptions. Ford Credit’s funding strategy remains focused on diversification, and it plans to continue accessing a variety of markets, channels, and investors.

Ford Credit’s liquidity profile continues to be diverse, robust, and focused on maintaining liquidity levels that meet its business and funding requirements. Ford Credit annually stress tests its balance sheet and liquidity to ensure that it continues to meet its financial obligations through economic cycles.

Funding Portfolio. The chart below shows the trends in funding for Ford Credit’s managed receivables:

q32018fcmanrec7a.jpg

Managed receivables of $152 billion as of September 30, 2018, were funded primarily with term debt and term asset-backed securities. Securitized funding as a percent of managed receivables was 36%. Ford Credit expects the mix of securitized funding to remain at about 35%. The calendarization of the funding plan will result in quarterly fluctuations of the securitized funding percentage.

52

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Public Term Funding Plan. The following chart shows Ford Credit’s issuances for full-year 2016 and 2017, planned issuances for full-year 2018, and its global public term funding issuances through October 23, 2018, excluding short-term funding programs:

q32018fcfunding6a.jpg

Ford Credit’s total unsecured public term funding plan is categorized by currency of issuance. Ford Credit plans to continue issuing its European debt from the United States. For 2018, Ford Credit now projects full-year public term funding in the range of $28 billion to $30 billion. Within the unsecured term funding plan, Ford Credit forecasts higher full-year issuance in euros and pounds sterling, and lower full-year issuance in U.S. dollars compared with 2017. This reflects opportunistic issuances in euros completed in the first half of 2018, much of which supported Ford Credit’s funding requirements in the United States. Through October 23, 2018, Ford Credit has completed $24 billion of public term issuances.

53

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Liquidity. The following chart shows Ford Credit’s liquidity sources and utilization:

q32018fcliquidity6a.jpg

Ford Credit’s liquidity available for use will fluctuate quarterly based on factors including near-term debt maturities, receivable growth, and timing of funding transactions. Ford Credit targets liquidity of about $25 billion. At September 30, 2018, Ford Credit’s liquidity available for use was about $500 million lower than at year-end 2017.

Ford Credit’s sources of liquidity include cash, committed asset-backed facilities, unsecured credit facilities, and the corporate credit facility allocation.

54

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Leverage. Ford Credit uses leverage, or the debt-to-equity ratio, to make various business decisions, including evaluating and establishing pricing for finance receivable and operating lease financing, and assessing its capital structure.

The chart below shows the calculation of Ford Credit’s financial statement leverage and managed leverage:

q32018fcleverage6.jpg

Ford Credit plans its managed leverage by considering prevailing market conditions and the risk characteristics of its business. At September 30, 2018, Ford Credit’s financial statement leverage was 9.1:1, and its managed leverage was 8.4:1. Ford Credit targets managed leverage in the range of 8:1 to 9:1.

Total Company

Pension Plans - Underfunded Balances. As of September 30, 2018, our total Company pension underfunded status reported on our balance sheet was $5.3 billion and reflects the net underfunded status at December 31, 2017, updated for service and interest cost, expected return on assets, separation expense, interim remeasurement expense, actual benefit payments, and cash contributions.  The discount rate and rate of expected return assumptions are unchanged from year-end 2017, and the reported number does not reflect the impact from any change in interest rates or asset returns since year-end 2017.

Based on our planning assumptions for asset returns, discount rates, and contributions, we expect our funded status to improve at year-end 2018 compared to the end of 2017.


55

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

CREDIT RATINGS

Our short-term and long-term debt is rated by four credit rating agencies designated as nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: DBRS, Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P.

In several markets, locally-recognized rating agencies also rate us. A credit rating reflects an assessment by the rating agency of the credit risk associated with a corporate entity or particular securities issued by that entity. Rating agencies’ ratings of us are based on information provided by us and other sources. Credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold securities, and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. Each rating agency may have different criteria for evaluating company risk and, therefore, ratings should be evaluated independently for each rating agency.

The following rating actions were taken by these NRSROs since the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.

On July 27, 2018, S&P revised the outlook to negative from stable for Ford and Ford Credit and affirmed their ratings.
On August 29, 2018, Moody’s downgraded the credit ratings for Ford and Ford Credit to Baa3 with a negative outlook from Baa2 with a negative outlook.

The following chart summarizes certain of the credit ratings and outlook presently assigned by these four NRSROs:
 
NRSRO RATINGS
 
Ford
 
Ford Credit
 
NRSROs
 
Issuer
Default /
Corporate /
Issuer Rating
 
Long-Term Senior Unsecured
 
Outlook / Trend
 
Long-Term Senior Unsecured
 
Short-Term
Unsecured
 
Outlook / Trend
 
Minimum Long-Term Investment Grade Rating
DBRS
BBB
 
BBB
 
Stable
 
BBB
 
R-2M
 
Stable
 
BBB (low)
Fitch
BBB
 
BBB
 
Stable
 
BBB
 
F2
 
Stable
 
BBB-
Moody’s
N/A
 
Baa3
 
Negative
 
Baa3
 
P-3
 
Negative
 
Baa3
S&P
BBB
 
BBB
 
Negative
 
BBB
 
A-2
 
Negative
 
BBB-


56

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

OUTLOOK

Based on the current economic environment, our Company guidance for 2018 includes the following:

q32018outlook7.jpg

We continue to expect full year Company adjusted EPS of $1.30 to $1.50 per share.


57

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE RECONCILIATIONS

The following charts show our Non-GAAP financial measure reconciliations for: Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted Earnings Per Share, Adjusted Effective Tax Rate, Adjusted Operating Cash Flow, and Ford Credit Managed Receivables. The GAAP reconciliation for Ford Credit Managed Leverage can be found in the Ford Credit Segment section of “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

q32018netincomerecon8a.jpg

q32018epsrecon6b.jpg

58

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

q32018efftaxraterecon6.jpg

q32018conetcashrecon7a.jpg

59

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

q32018fcnetrecrecon6.jpg

60

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Supplemental Information

The tables below provide supplemental consolidating financial information, other financial information, and U.S. sales by type. Company excluding Ford Credit includes our Automotive and Mobility reportable segments, Corporate Other, Interest on Debt, and Special Items. Eliminations, where presented, primarily represent eliminations of intersegment transactions and deferred tax netting.

Selected Income Statement Information. The following table provides supplemental income statement information (in millions):
 
 
For the period ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Third Quarter
 
 
Company excluding Ford Credit
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Other (a)
 
Subtotal
 
Ford Credit
 
Consolidated
Revenues
 
$
34,660

 
$
8

 
$

 
$
34,668

 
$
2,998

 
$
37,666

Total costs and expenses
33,855

 
204

 
391

 
34,450

 
2,352

 
36,802

Interest expense on Automotive debt

 

 
328

 
328

 

 
328

Interest expense on Other debt

 

 
15

 
15

 

 
15

Other income/(loss), net
637

 

 
(56
)
 
581

 
24

 
605

Equity in net income of affiliated companies
(40
)
 

 

 
(40
)
 
8

 
(32
)
Income/(loss) before income taxes
1,402

 
(196
)
 
(790
)
 
416

 
678

 
1,094

Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes
171

 
(47
)
 
(183
)
 
(59
)
 
160

 
101

Net income/(Loss)
1,231

 
(149
)
 
(607
)
 
475

 
518

 
993

Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
2

 

 

 
2

 

 
2

Net income/(Loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company
$
1,229

 
$
(149
)
 
$
(607
)
 
$
473

 
$
518

 
$
991


(a) Other includes Corporate Other, Interest on Debt, and Special Items

 
 
For the period ended September 30, 2018
 
 
First Nine Months
 
 
Company excluding Ford Credit
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive
 
Mobility
 
Other (a)
 
Subtotal
 
Ford Credit
 
Consolidated
Revenues
 
$
109,577

 
$
18

 
$

 
$
109,595

 
$
8,950

 
$
118,545

Total costs and expenses
107,570

 
555

 
797

 
108,922

 
7,052

 
115,974

Interest expense on Automotive debt

 

 
890

 
890

 

 
890

Interest expense on Other debt

 

 
43

 
43

 

 
43

Other income/(loss), net
2,052

 
58

 
316

 
2,426

 
46

 
2,472

Equity in net income of affiliated companies
232

 

 

 
232

 
20

 
252

Income/(loss) before income taxes
4,291

 
(479
)
 
(1,414
)
 
2,398

 
1,964

 
4,362

Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes
737

 
(115
)
 
(333
)
 
289

 
266

 
555

Net income/(Loss)
3,554

 
(364
)
 
(1,081
)
 
2,109

 
1,698

 
3,807

Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
14

 

 

 
14

 

 
14

Net income/(Loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company
$
3,540

 
$
(364
)
 
$
(1,081
)
 
$
2,095

 
$
1,698

 
$
3,793


(a) Other includes Corporate Other, Interest on Debt, and Special Items


61

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Selected Balance Sheet Information. The following tables provide supplemental balance sheet information (in millions):
 
 
September 30, 2018
Assets
 
Company excluding Ford Credit
 
Ford Credit
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
7,565

 
$
10,997

 
$

 
$
18,562

Marketable securities
 
16,040

 
1,740

 

 
17,780

Ford Credit finance receivables, net
 

 
50,818

 

 
50,818

Trade and other receivables, less allowances
 
3,962

 
7,282

 

 
11,244

Inventories
 
12,810

 

 

 
12,810

Other assets
 
2,401

 
1,228

 

 
3,629

Receivable from other segments
 
846

 
1,371

 
(2,217
)
 

   Total current assets
 
43,624

 
73,436

 
(2,217
)
 
114,843

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ford Credit finance receivables, net
 

 
57,043

 

 
57,043

Net investment in operating leases
 
1,970

 
27,570

 

 
29,540

Net property
 
35,575

 
187

 

 
35,762

Equity in net assets of affiliated companies
 
2,750

 
108

 

 
2,858

Deferred income taxes
 
12,172

 
225

 
(1,844
)
 
10,553

Other assets
 
6,975

 
1,392

 

 
8,367

Receivable from other segments
 
59

 
15

 
(74
)
 

   Total assets
 
$
103,125

 
$
159,976

 
$
(4,135
)
 
$
258,966

Liabilities
 
Company excluding Ford Credit
 
Ford Credit
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Payables
 
$
22,140

 
$
1,133

 
$

 
$
23,273

Other liabilities and deferred revenue
 
19,256

 
1,458

 

 
20,714

Automotive debt payable within one year
 
3,216

 

 

 
3,216

Ford Credit debt payable within one year
 

 
47,547

 

 
47,547

Payable to other segments
 
2,217

 

 
(2,217
)
 

   Total current liabilities
 
46,829

 
50,138

 
(2,217
)
 
94,750

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities and deferred revenue
 
22,630

 
1,598

 

 
24,228

Automotive long-term debt
 
11,448

 

 

 
11,448

Ford Credit long-term debt
 

 
90,620

 

 
90,620

Other long-term debt
 
600

 

 

 
600

Deferred income taxes
 
101

 
2,345

 
(1,844
)
 
602

Payable to other segments
 
18

 
56

 
(74
)
 

   Total liabilities
 
$
81,626

 
$
144,757

 
$
(4,135
)
 
$
222,248



62

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Selected Cash Flow Information. The following tables provide supplemental cash flow information (in millions):
 
 
For the period ended September 30, 2018
 
 
First Nine Months
Cash flows from operating activities
 
Company excluding Ford Credit
 
Ford Credit
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities
 
$
4,262

 
$
9,403

 
$

 
$
13,665


Cash flows from investing activities
 
Company excluding Ford Credit
 
Ford Credit
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Capital spending
 
$
(5,635
)
 
$
(34
)
 
$

 
$
(5,669
)
Acquisitions of finance receivables and operating leases
 

 
(48,227
)
 

 
(48,227
)
Collections of finance receivables and operating leases
 

 
38,418

 

 
38,418

Purchases of marketable and other securities
 
(11,146
)
 
(3,401
)
 

 
(14,547
)
Sales and maturities of marketable and other securities
 
12,837

 
4,504

 

 
17,341

Settlements of derivatives
 
62

 
228

 

 
290

Other
 
(198
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(201
)
Investing activity (to)/from other segments
 
2,069

 
154

 
(2,223
)
 

Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
 
$
(2,011
)
 
$
(8,361
)
 
$
(2,223
)
 
$
(12,595
)

Cash flows from financing activities
 
Company excluding Ford Credit
 
Ford Credit
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Cash dividends
 
$
(2,308
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(2,308
)
Purchases of common stock
 
(164
)
 

 

 
(164
)
Net changes in short-term debt
 
403

 
(1,671
)
 

 
(1,268
)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
 
176

 
37,035

 

 
37,211

Principal payments on long-term debt
 
(1,347
)
 
(32,588
)
 

 
(33,935
)
Other
 
(42
)
 
(142
)
 

 
(184
)
Financing activity to/(from) other segments
 
(154
)
 
(2,069
)
 
2,223

 

Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
 
$
(3,436
)
 
$
565

 
$
2,223

 
$
(648
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
(160
)
 
$
(145
)
 
$

 
$
(305
)


63

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Selected Other Information.

Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses for the third quarter of 2018 were $34.5 billion, an increase of about $1.3 billion compared with the third quarter of 2017. Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses for the first nine months of 2018 were $108.9 billion, an increase of $4.2 billion compared with the first nine months of 2017. The detail for these changes is shown below (in billions):
 
2018 Lower/(Higher) 2017
 
Third Quarter
 
First Nine Months
Volume and mix, exchange, and other
$
0.1

 
$
(1.3
)
Contribution costs
 
 
 
Material excluding commodities
(0.4
)
 
(0.8
)
Commodities
(0.4
)
 
(1.2
)
Warranty
(0.4
)
 
(0.4
)
Freight
(0.1
)
 
(0.2
)
Structural costs
(0.1
)
 
(0.5
)
Special items

 
0.2

Total
$
(1.3
)
 
$
(4.2
)

Equity. At September 30, 2018, total equity attributable to Ford was $36.6 billion, an increase of about $1 billion compared with December 31, 2017. The detail for this change is shown below (in billions):
 
Increase/
(Decrease)
Net income
$
3.8

Shareholder distributions
(2.5
)
Other comprehensive income
(0.5
)
Common Stock issued (including share-based compensation impacts)
0.2

Total
$
1.0


U.S. Sales by Type. The following table shows third quarter 2018 U.S. sales volume and U.S. wholesales segregated by truck, SUV, and car sales. U.S. sales volume reflects transactions with (i) retail and fleet customers (as reported by dealers), (ii) governments, and (iii) Ford management.  U.S. wholesales reflect sales to dealers.
 
U.S. Sales
 
U.S. Wholesales
Trucks
284,734

 
284,118

SUVs
215,687

 
188,248

Cars
109,513

 
77,834

Total Vehicles
609,934

 
550,200



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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

Statements included or incorporated by reference herein may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on expectations, forecasts, and assumptions by our management and involve a number of risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated, including, without limitation:

Ford’s long-term competitiveness depends on the successful execution of fitness actions;
Industry sales volume, particularly in the United States, Europe, or China, could decline if there is a financial crisis, recession, or significant geopolitical event;
Ford’s new and existing products and mobility services are subject to market acceptance;
Ford’s results are dependent on sales of larger, more profitable vehicles, particularly in the United States;
Ford may face increased price competition resulting from industry excess capacity, currency fluctuations, or other factors;
Fluctuations in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates can have a significant effect on results;
With a global footprint, Ford’s results could be adversely affected by economic, geopolitical, protectionist trade policies, or other events;
Ford’s production, as well as Ford’s suppliers’ production, could be disrupted by labor disputes, natural or man-made disasters, financial distress, production difficulties, or other factors;
Ford’s ability to maintain a competitive cost structure could be affected by labor or other constraints;
Pension and other postretirement liabilities could adversely affect Ford’s liquidity and financial condition;
Economic and demographic experience for pension and other postretirement benefit plans (e.g., discount rates or investment returns) could be worse than Ford has assumed;
Ford’s vehicles could be affected by defects that result in delays in new model launches, recall campaigns, or increased warranty costs;
Safety, emissions, fuel economy, and other regulations affecting Ford may become more stringent;
Ford could experience unusual or significant litigation, governmental investigations, or adverse publicity arising out of alleged defects in products, perceived environmental impacts, or otherwise;
Ford’s receipt of government incentives could be subject to reduction, termination, or clawback;
Operational systems, security systems, and vehicles could be affected by cyber incidents;
Ford Credit’s access to debt, securitization, or derivative markets around the world at competitive rates or in sufficient amounts could be affected by credit rating downgrades, market volatility, market disruption, regulatory requirements, or other factors;
Ford Credit could experience higher-than-expected credit losses, lower-than-anticipated residual values, or higher-than-expected return volumes for leased vehicles;
Ford Credit could face increased competition from banks, financial institutions, or other third parties seeking to increase their share of financing Ford vehicles; and
Ford Credit could be subject to new or increased credit regulations, consumer or data protection regulations, or other regulations.

We cannot be certain that any expectation, forecast, or assumption made in preparing forward-looking statements will prove accurate, or that any projection will be realized. It is to be expected that there may be differences between projected and actual results. Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of their initial issuance, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. For additional discussion, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K Report, as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.


65

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

 

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ISSUED BUT NOT YET ADOPTED

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued the following Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”). ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2016-13 are expected to have a material impact to our financial statements or financial statement disclosures. For additional information, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.
ASU
 
Effective Date (a)
2018-08
Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made
 
January 1, 2019
2018-07
Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting
 
January 1, 2019
2018-02
Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
January 1, 2019
2016-02
Leases
 
January 1, 2019 (b)
2018-15
Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract
 
January 1, 2020
2018-13
Fair Value Measurement - Changes to the Disclosure Requirement for Fair Value Measurement
 
January 1, 2020
2016-13
Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
 
January 1, 2020
2018-14
Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefits Plans
 
January 1, 2021
2018-12
Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long Duration Contracts
 
January 1, 2021
__________
(a)
Early adoption for each of the standards is permitted.
(b)
The FASB has issued the following updates to the Leases standard: ASU 2018-01 (Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842) and ASU 2018-11 (Leases Topic 842 - Targeted Improvements). We will adopt the new Leases standard effective January 1, 2019.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Automotive Segment
 
Foreign Currency Risk. The net fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts (including adjustments for credit risk) as of September 30, 2018, was an asset of $138 million, compared with a liability of $22 million as of December 31, 2017. The potential decrease in fair value from a 10% adverse change in the underlying exchange rates, in U.S. dollar terms, was $2.6 billion at September 30, 2018, compared with $2.8 billion at December 31, 2017.

Commodity Price Risk. The net fair value of commodity forward contracts (including adjustments for credit risk) as of September 30, 2018, was a liability of $40 million, compared with an asset of $33 million at December 31, 2017. The potential decrease in fair value from a 10% adverse change in the underlying commodity prices, in U.S. dollar terms, was $70 million at September 30, 2018, compared with $69 million at December 31, 2017.

Ford Credit Segment
  
Interest Rate Risk. To provide a quantitative measure of the sensitivity of its pre-tax cash flow to changes in interest rates, Ford Credit uses interest rate scenarios that assume a hypothetical, instantaneous increase or decrease of one percentage point in all interest rates across all maturities (a “parallel shift”), as well as a base case that assumes that all interest rates remain constant at existing levels. The differences in pre-tax cash flow between these scenarios and the base case over a 12-month period represent an estimate of the sensitivity of Ford Credit’s pre-tax cash flow. Under this model, Ford Credit estimates that at September 30, 2018, all else constant, such an increase in interest rates would increase its pre-tax cash flow by $15 million over the next 12 months, compared with an increase of $14 million at December 31, 2017. In reality, interest rate changes are rarely instantaneous or parallel and rates could move more or less than the one percentage point assumed in Ford Credit’s analysis. As a result, the actual impact to pre-tax cash flow could be higher or lower than the results detailed above.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. James P. Hackett, our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), and Bob Shanks, our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), have performed an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of September 30, 2018, and each has concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the CEO and CFO to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.


66


Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During the third quarter of 2018, we launched a new non-production order procurement system in Europe. In subsequent periods, the system will be launched in North America and the rest of the world.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.

European Competition Law Matter. On October 5, 2018, FCE Bank plc received a notice from the Italian Competition Authority (the “ICA”) concerning an alleged violation of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The ICA alleges that FCE Bank plc and other parties engaged in anti-competitive practices in relation to the automotive finance market in Italy.  If a violation is found, a broad range of remedies is available to the ICA, including imposing a fine against FCE Bank plc that could be material.  To avoid penalties, FCE Bank plc could be required to pay a fine and then seek reimbursement of the payment through the appellate process.  

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

In 2018, we repurchased shares of Ford Common Stock from our employees or directors related to certain exercises of stock options, in accordance with our various compensation plans. We also repurchased shares through a modest anti-dilutive share repurchase program to offset the dilutive effect of share-based compensation granted during 2018 and the shares issued in the Autonomic transaction described in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. The plan authorized repurchases of up to 28.5 million shares of Ford Common Stock. During the first quarter of 2018, we repurchased 8,015,658 shares of Ford Common Stock. During the third quarter of 2018, we repurchased shares of Ford Common Stock as follows:
Period
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
 
Average
Price Paid
per Share
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly-
Announced
Plans or
Programs
 
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares that May Yet
Be Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs
September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018
 
8,000,000

 
$
9.42

 
8,000,000

 
12,500,000

Total/Average
 
8,000,000

 
$
9.42

 
 
 
 


ITEM 6. Exhibits.
Designation
 
Description
 
Method of Filing
 
Calculation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
 
Filed with this Report.
 
Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CEO.
 
Filed with this Report.
 
Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CFO.
 
Filed with this Report.
 
Section 1350 Certification of CEO.
 
Furnished with this Report.
 
Section 1350 Certification of CFO.
 
Furnished with this Report.
Exhibit 101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document.
 
*
Exhibit 101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
 
*
Exhibit 101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
 
*
Exhibit 101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
 
*
Exhibit 101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 
*
Exhibit 101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
 
*
__________
* Submitted electronically with this Report in accordance with the provisions of Regulation S-T.


67


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY

By:
/s/ Cathy O’Callaghan
 
Cathy O’Callaghan, Vice President and Controller
 
(principal accounting officer)
 
 
Date:
October 24, 2018



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