FULLER H B CO - Quarter Report: 2023 June (Form 10-Q)

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Total Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. 

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

H.B. FULLER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

Overview

The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements of H.B. Fuller Company and Subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, comprehensive income, financial position and cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In our opinion, the unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year as a whole.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended  December 3, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. This ASU requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program's nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. To achieve that objective, the buyer should disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its supplier finance programs.  Our effective date of this ASU is our fiscal year ending December 1, 2024. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Recently issued accounting standards or pronouncements not disclosed above have been excluded as they are not relevant to the company.

Note 2: Acquisitions

Beardow Adams Holdings Ltd.

On May 1, 2023, we acquired Beardow Adams Holdings Ltd. (“Beardow Adams”) for a total purchase price of 79,570 British pound sterling, or approximately $99,426, which was funded through borrowings on our credit facility. This includes a holdback amount of 8,000 British pound sterling that will be paid on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. Beardow Adams, based in the United Kingdom, develops and manufactures adhesives, sealants, coatings and primers, principally in the fields of packaging, labeling, bookbinding, hygiene, wood and product assembly. The acquisition of Beardow Adams is expected to accelerate profitable growth in many of our core end markets and generate business synergies through production optimization, an expanded distribution platform, and difference-making innovation. The acquisition fair value measurement was preliminary as of June 3, 2023 and includes intangible assets of $40,485, goodwill of $42,585 and other net assets of $16,356. Beardow Adams is included in our Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives operating segment. 

Aspen Research Corporation

On January 31, 2023, we acquired the assets of Aspen Research Corporation (“Aspen”) for a total purchase price of $9,850, which was funded through existing cash. This includes a holdback amount of $500 that will be paid on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. Aspen, located in Maple Grove, Minnesota, is a contract research organization that develops and manufactures innovative solutions for some of the adhesives used in our insulating glass market. Aspen is known for their superior understanding of materials science, engineering and analytical testing and specializes in custom materials manufacturing for chemicals and adhesives products. The acquisition of Aspen is expected to expand our Engineering Adhesives footprint in North America and strengthen our capabilities in the insulating glass market, in addition to bringing additive continuous flow, process manufacturing capabilities that we plan to leverage. The acquisition fair value measurement was preliminary as of June 3, 2023 and includes intangible assets of $7,777 and other net assets of $2,073. Aspen is included in our Engineering Adhesives operating segment. 

Lemtapes Oy

On December 15, 2022, we acquired Lemtapes Oy (“Lemtapes”) for a total purchase price of 8,048 Euro, or approximately $8,552 which was funded through existing cash. This includes a holdback amount of 850 Euro that will be paid on the 18-month anniversary of the closing date. Lemtapes, located in Valkeakoski, Finland, is a solutions provider of ecological, innovative tapes and adhesives for the packaging and plywood industries. The acquisition of Lemtapes is expected to reinforce our strategic position in Europe, especially for our Adhesives Coated Solutions products. This acquisition will also accelerate our growth strategy of fast-growing, high margin businesses while adding technology capabilities and strong customer relationships. The acquisition fair value measurement was preliminary as of June 3, 2023 and includes intangible assets of $6,535 and other net assets of $2,017. Lemtapes is included in our Hygiene, Health and Consumable Adhesives operating segment.

GSSI Sealants                                                                                                   

On October 24, 2022, we acquired GSSI Sealants, Inc. ("GSSI") for a total purchase price of $7,701, which was funded through existing cash. This includes a holdback amount of $1,050 that will be paid on the 12-month anniversary of the closing date. GSSI, headquartered in Houston, Texas, is a manufacturer of premier elastomeric butyl rubber sealant tapes. The acquisition of GSSI is expected to support our strategy to expand our Construction Adhesives business selectively via high margin applications and expand our reach to new regions. The acquisition fair value measurement was preliminary as of June 3, 2023 and includes intangible assets of $4,523 and other net assets of $3,178. GSSI is included in our Construction Adhesives operating segment. 

ZKLT Polymer Co.

On August 16, 2022, we acquired ZKLT Polymer Co., Ltd. ("ZKLT") for a base purchase price of 102,812 Chinese renminbi, or approximately $15,183, which was funded through existing cash. We are also required to pay 27,000 Chinese renminbi, or approximately $3,987, with half to be paid on each of the 12-month and 18-month anniversaries of the closing date, as well as contingent consideration up to 30,000 Chinese renminbi, or approximately $4,430, following the completion of certain performance goals and conditions. ZKLT, headquartered in Chongquin City, China, is a manufacturer of liquid adhesives primarily for the automotive market. The acquisition of ZKLT is expected to add unique technology, strong customer relationships and a strategic manufacturing location to further strengthen our presence in central China. The acquisition fair value measurement was preliminary as of June 3,2023 and includes intangible assets of $5,183, goodwill of $3,902 and other net assets of $10,085. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. See Note 12 for further discussion of the fair value of the contingent consideration. ZKLT is included in our Engineering Adhesives operating segment. 

Apollo

On January 26, 2022, we acquired Apollo Chemicals Limited, Apollo Roofing Solutions Limited and Apollo Construction Solutions Limited (collectively, "Apollo") for a total purchase price of 152,714 British pound sterling, or approximately $205,592, which was funded through borrowings on our credit facility.  Apollo, headquartered in Tamworth, UK, is a manufacturer of liquid adhesives, coatings and primers for the roofing, industrial and construction markets. Apollo is expected to enhance our position in key high-value, high-margin markets in the UK and throughout Europe. The acquisition fair value measurement was final as of December 3, 2022 and includes intangible assets of $76,198, goodwill of $119,358 and other net assets of $10,036. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.  The acquisition is included in our Construction Adhesives operating segment. 

Fourny NV

On January 11, 2022, we acquired Fourny NV ("Fourny") for a base purchase price of 12,867 Euro, or approximately $14,627, which was funded through existing cash. The agreement requires us to pay an additional 3,100 Euro, or approximately $3,524, 18 months following the date of acquisition. Fourny, headquartered in Willebroek, Belgium, is a manufacturer of construction adhesives. Fourny is expected to enhance our position in key high-value, high-margin markets in Europe. The acquisition fair value measurement was final as of December 3, 2022 and includes intangible assets of $10,117, goodwill of $6,455 and other net assets of $1,391. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. Fourny is included in our Construction Adhesives operating segment. 

Note 3: Restructuring Actions

During fiscal year 2023, the Company approved restructuring plans related to organizational changes and other actions to optimize operations and are currently expected to be completed during fiscal year 2025.

The following table summarizes the pre-tax distribution of restructuring charges by income statement classification:

The restructuring charges are all recorded in Corporate Unallocated for segment reporting purposes.

A summary of the restructuring liability is presented below:

Restructuring liabilities have been classified as a component of other accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Note 4: Inventories

The composition of inventories is as follows:

Note 5: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The goodwill activity by reportable segment for the six months ended June 3, 2023 is presented below:

Balances of amortizable identifiable intangible assets, excluding goodwill and other non-amortizable intangible assets, are as follows:

Amortization expense with respect to amortizable intangible assets was $19,130 and $18,620 for the three months ended June 3, 2023 and May 28, 2022, respectively, and $37,813 and $36,412 for the six months ended  June 3, 2023 and May 28, 2022, respectively.  

Estimated aggregate amortization expense based on the current carrying value of amortizable intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:

Non-amortizable intangible assets as of  June 3, 2023 and December 3, 2022 were $467 and $459, respectively, and relate to trademarks and trade names. The change in non-amortizable assets as of June 3, 2023 compared to December 3, 2022 was due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Note 6: Long-Term Debt

On February 15, 2023, we entered into a credit agreement with a consortium of financial institutions (“Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) which replaces our existing revolving credit agreement under the amended and restated revolving credit agreement dated October 20, 2020 and also replaces our secured term loan credit agreement dated October 20, 2017. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a new senior secured term loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of $500,000 (“Term Loan A”), a new senior secured term loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of $800,000 (“Term Loan B”) and amendments to and extension of our existing senior secured revolving credit facility with an aggregate commitment in the amount of $700,000 (“Revolving Credit Facility”). A portion of the proceeds of the combined facilities, (the “Credit Facilities”) was used to pay off the existing term loan and revolver. The Credit Facilities will generally be used to finance working capital needs and acquisitions, and for general corporate purposes. All of our obligations under the Credit Facilities will be secured by a first-lien security interest in substantially all personal property and material real property of the Company and its material U.S. subsidiaries, and will be guaranteed by all of the Company’s material U.S. subsidiaries.

Term Loans

Interest on Term Loan A is payable at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus an adjustment of 0.10 percent and an interest rate spread of 1.75 percent (6.99 percent at June 3, 2023). The interest rate spread is based on a secured leverage grid. Term Loan A matures on February 15, 2028. Interest on Term Loan B is payable at SOFR plus an interest rate spread of 2.50 percent with a SOFR floor of 0.50 percent (7.64 percent at June 3, 2023). Term Loan B matures on February 15, 2030. 

On January 12, 2023, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $400,000 of our variable rate 1-month LIBOR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.6895 percent. On February 28, 2023, after entering into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we amended the interest rate swap agreement to 1-month SOFR and a fixed rate of 3.7260 in accordance with the practical expedients included in ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform. See Note 11 for further discussion of this interest rate swap.

On March 16, 2023, we entered into interest rate swap agreements to convert $300,000 of our 1-month SOFR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.7210 percent and to convert $100,000 of our 1-month SOFR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.8990 percent. See Note 11 for further discussion of these interest rate swaps.

Revolving Credit Facility

Interest on the Revolving Credit Facility is payable at SOFR plus an adjustment of 0.10 percent and an interest rate spread of 1.75 percent (6.99 percent at June 3, 2023). A facility fee of 25 basis points of the unused commitment under the Revolving Credit Facility is payable quarterly. The interest rate spread and the facility fee are based on a secured leverage grid. At June 3, 2023, there was no balance outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on February 15, 2028.

The Revolving Credit Facility can be drawn upon for general corporate purposes up to a maximum of $700,000, less issued letters of credit. At June 3, 2023, letters of credit reduced the available amount under the Revolving Credit Facility by $9,968.

Covenants and Other

Under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan A are subject to certain covenants and restrictions. For these facilities, we are required to maintain a secured leverage ratio, as defined in the agreement, no greater than 4.75 to 1.00 for our fiscal quarters ending on or prior to June 1, 2024 and then 4.50 to 1.00 thereafter. We are also required to maintain an interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.00 to 1.00.

Restrictive covenants include, but are not limited to, limitations on secured and unsecured borrowings, interest coverage, intercompany transfers and investments, third party investments, dispositions of assets, leases, liens, dividends and distributions, and contains a maximum total debt to trailing twelve months EBITDA requirement. Certain covenants become less restrictive after meeting leverage or other financial ratios. In addition, we cannot be a member of any consolidated group as defined for income tax purposes other than with our subsidiaries.

We are subject to mandatory prepayments in the first quarter of each fiscal year equal to 50 percent of Excess Cash Flow, as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, of the prior fiscal year less any voluntary prepayments made during that fiscal year. The Excess Cash Flow Percentage shall be reduced to 25 percent when our Secured Leverage Ratio is below 4.25:1.00 and to 0 percent when our Secured Leverage Ratio is below 3.75:1.00. 

The principal balance of the Term Loan B loans will be repayable in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to 1 percent of the original principal amount thereof, with the balance due at maturity on February 15, 2030. The principal balance of the Term Loan A loans will be repayable in quarterly installments as follows: (i) with respect to the first eight fiscal quarters ended after the effective date of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, 1.25 percent of the aggregate principal amount of the original principal of the Term Loan A loans, (ii) with respect to the eight fiscal quarters ended after the end of the period set forth in the preceding clause (i), 1.875 percent of the aggregate principal amount of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A loans, and (iii) thereafter, 2.5 percent of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A loans, with the balance due at maturity on February 15, 2028.

Note 7: Components of Net Periodic Benefit related to Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Service cost is included with employee compensation cost in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The components of our net periodic defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit costs other than service cost are presented in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

In the second quarter of 2022, we recognized a non-cash settlement charge of $3,329 related to the termination of our Canadian defined benefit pension plan.  The settlement charge is included in other income, net in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Note 8: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table provides details of total comprehensive income (loss): 

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:

Note 9: Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 3, 2023 includes $2,042 and $2,888 of discrete tax expense, respectively, relating to various foreign tax matters offset by an excess tax benefit related to U.S. stock compensation. Excluding the discrete tax expense, the overall effective tax rate was 29.5 percent and 29.4 percent for the three and six months ended June 3, 2023, respectively.

Income tax expense for the three and six months ended May 28, 2022 includes $4,149 and $1,248 of discrete tax expense, respectively, relating to the revaluation of cross-currency swap agreements due to depreciation of the Euro versus the U.S. Dollar, as well as various foreign tax matters offset by the tax effect of legal entity mergers. Excluding the discrete tax expense, the overall effective tax rate was 27.9 percent for both the three and six months ended May 28, 2022.

As of  June 3, 2023, we had a liability of $16,434 recorded for gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest) compared to $17,582 as of December 3, 2022. As of June 3, 2023 and December 3, 2022, we had accrued $5,933 and $5,680 of gross interest relating to unrecognized tax benefits, respectively.

Note 10: Earnings Per Share

A reconciliation of the common share components for the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations is as follows:

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to H.B. Fuller by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the applicable period. The difference between basic and diluted earnings per share is attributable to share-based compensation awards. We use the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding shares, which computes total employee proceeds as the sum of (a) the amount the employee must pay upon exercise of the award and (b) the amount of unearned share-based compensation costs attributed to future services. Share-based compensation awards for which total employee proceeds exceed the average market price over the applicable period have an antidilutive effect on earnings per share, and accordingly, are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

Share-based compensation awards of 1,026,155 and 658,511 shares for the three months ended June 3, 2023 and May 28, 2022, respectively, and 1,156,557 and 744,479 shares for the six months ended June 3, 2023 and May 28, 2022, respectively, were excluded from diluted earnings per share calculations because they were antidilutive.

Note 11: Financial Instruments

Overview

As a result of being a global enterprise, foreign currency exchange rates and fluctuations in those rates may affect the Company's net investment in foreign subsidiaries, and our earnings, cash flows and financial position are exposed to foreign currency risk from foreign currency denominated receivables and payables.

We use foreign currency forward contracts, cross-currency swaps, interest rate swaps and net investment hedges to manage risks associated with foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We do not hold derivative financial instruments of a speculative nature or for trading purposes. We record derivatives as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized immediately in earnings unless the derivative qualifies and is designated as a hedge. Cash flows from derivatives are classified in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the same category as the cash flows from the items subject to designated hedge or undesignated (economic) hedge relationships. We evaluate hedge effectiveness at inception and on an ongoing basis. If a derivative is no longer expected to be effective, hedge accounting is discontinued. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, is recorded in earnings.

We are exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance of counterparties for foreign currency forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements. We select investment-grade multinational banks and financial institutions as counterparties for derivative transactions and monitor the credit quality of each of these banks on a periodic basis as warranted. We do not anticipate nonperformance by any of these counterparties, and valuation allowances, if any, are de minimis.

Cash Flow Hedges

On January 12, 2023, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $400,000 of our variable rate 1-month LIBOR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.6895 percent. On February 28, 2023, after refinancing our debt, we amended the interest rate swap agreement to our 1-month SOFR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.7260 in accordance with the practical expedients included in ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform. The combined fair value of the interest rate swap was an asset of $322 at June 3, 2023 and was included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The swap was designated for hedge accounting treatment as a cash flow hedge. We are applying the hypothetical derivative method to assess hedge effectiveness for this interest rate swap. Changes in the fair value of a hypothetically perfect swap with terms that match the critical terms of our variable rate debt are compared with the change in the fair value of the swap.

On March 16, 2023, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $300,000 of our 1-month SOFR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.7210 percent. The combined fair value of the interest rate swap was a liability of $1,354 at June 3, 2023 and was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The swap was designated for hedge accounting treatment as a cash flow hedge. We are applying the hypothetical derivative method to assess hedge effectiveness for this interest rate swap. Changes in the fair value of a hypothetically perfect swap with terms that match the critical terms of our variable rate debt are compared with the change in the fair value of the swaps.

On March 16, 2023, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $100,000 of our 1-month SOFR rate debt to a fixed rate of 3.8990 percent. The combined fair value of the interest rate swap was a liability of $709 at June 3, 2023 and was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The swap was designated for hedge accounting treatment as a cash flow hedge. We are applying the hypothetical derivative method to assess hedge effectiveness for these interest rate swaps. Changes in the fair value of a hypothetically perfect swap with terms that match the critical terms of our variable rate debt are compared with the change in the fair value of the swaps.

The amounts of pretax gains (losses) recognized in Comprehensive Income related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are as follows:

Fair Value Hedges

On February 12, 2021, we entered into interest rate swap agreements to convert our $300,000 Public Notes that were issued on October 20, 2020 to a variable interest rate of 1-month LIBOR plus 3.28 percent. These interest rate swap agreements mature on October 15, 2028. The combined fair value of the interest rate swaps was a liability of $42,831 at  June 3, 2023, and was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The swaps were designated for hedge accounting treatment as fair value hedges. We apply the short cut method and assume hedge effectiveness. Changes in the fair value of a hypothetically perfect swap with terms that match the critical terms of our $300,000 fixed rate Public Notes are compared with the change in the fair value of the swaps.

Net Investment Hedges

On October 17, 2022, we entered into a float-to-float cross-currency interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of €307,173 maturing in October 2028. On October 20, 2022, we entered into fixed-to-fixed cross-currency interest rate swap agreements for a total notional amount of €300,000 with tranches maturing in August 2025, August 2026 and February 2027. As of June 3, 2023, the combined fair value of the swaps was a liability of $61,584 and was included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cross-currency interest rate swaps hedge a portion of the Company’s investment in Euro denominated foreign subsidiaries.

The swaps are designated as net investment hedges for accounting treatment. The net gains or losses attributable to changes in spot exchange rates are recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment within other comprehensive income (loss). The gains or losses are reclassified into earnings upon a liquidation event or deconsolidation of the foreign subsidiary. Any ineffective portions of net investment hedges are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings during the period of change. The amount in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to net investment hedge cross-currency swaps was a loss of $46,426 as of June 3, 2023. The amounts of pretax loss recognized in comprehensive income related to the net investment hedge was $7,538 for the six months ended June 3, 2023. As of June 3, 2023, we did not reclassify any gains or losses into earnings from net investment hedges and we do not expect to reclassify any such gain or loss into earnings within the next twelve months. No amounts related to net investment hedges have been excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

We use foreign currency forward contracts to offset our exposure to the change in value of certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities held at foreign subsidiaries that are remeasured at the end of each period. Although the contracts are effective economic hedges, they are not designated as accounting hedges. Foreign currency forward contracts are recorded as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the value of these derivatives are recognized immediately in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the related foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. 

As of June 3, 2023, we had forward foreign currency contracts maturing between June 5, 2023 and May 13, 2024. The mark-to-market effect associated with these contracts was largely offset by the underlying transaction gains and losses resulting from the foreign currency exposures for which these contracts relate. 

The amounts of pretax gains (losses) recognized in other income, net related to derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the six months ended June 3, 2023 and May 28, 2022 were $1,276 and $5,089, respectively.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of entities in the customer base and their dispersion across many different industries and countries. As of June 3, 2023, there were no significant concentrations of credit risk.

Note 12: Fair Value Measurements

Overview

Estimates of fair value for financial assets and liabilities are based on the framework established in the accounting guidance for fair value measurements. The framework defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures. The framework discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow) and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). The framework utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

Balances Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 3, 2023 and December 3, 2022, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.