GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. ET AL - Quarter Report: 2008 March (Form 10-Q)
SECURITIES
& EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON,
D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q
(Mark
One)
[X]
|
QUARTERLY
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
|
For the
quarterly period ended March 31,
2008
or
[
]
|
TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
|
For the
transition period from ___ to ___
Commission
File No. 1-106
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC.
|
||||||
(Exact
name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
|
||||||
New
York
|
13-4007862
|
|||||
(State
of other jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)
|
(I.R.S.
Employer Identification
No.)
|
|||||
One
Corporate Center, Rye, NY
|
10580-1422
|
|||||
(Address
of principle executive offices)
|
(Zip
Code)
|
|||||
(914)
921-5100
|
||||||
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area
code
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be
filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days.
Yes
|
x
|
No
|
o
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer",
"accelerated filer", and "smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
|
|||
Large
accelerated filer ¨
|
Accelerated
filer x
|
||
Non-accelerated
filer o
|
Smaller
reporting company o
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange
Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes
|
o |
No
|
x
|
Indicate
the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of Common
Stock, as of the latest practical date.
Class
|
Outstanding at April 30,
2008
|
||||
Class
A Common Stock, .001 par value
|
7,743,695
|
||||
Class
B Common Stock, .001 par value
|
20,626,644
|
1
INDEX
|
|||||
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
|
|||||
PART
I.
|
FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
|
||||
Item
1.
|
Financial
Statements (Unaudited)
|
||||
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Income:
|
|||||
- Three
months ended March 31, 2007 and 2008
|
|||||
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:
|
|||||
- December
31, 2007
|
|||||
- March
31, 2007
|
|||||
- March
31, 2008
|
|||||
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive
Income:
|
|||||
- Three
months ended March 31, 2007 and 2008
|
|||||
|
|||||
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
|
|||||
- Three
months ended March 31, 2007 and 2008
|
|||||
|
|||||
Notes
to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|||||
Item
2.
|
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
|
||||
(Including
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure
about Market Risk)
|
|||||
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | ||||
Item
4.
|
Controls
and Procedures
|
||||
PART
II.
|
OTHER
INFORMATION
|
||||
Item
2.
|
Changes
in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
|
||||
|
|||||
Item
6.
|
Exhibits
|
||||
SIGNATURES
|
|||||
2
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
|
||||||||
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
|
||||||||
UNAUDITED
|
||||||||
(In
thousands, except per share data)
|
||||||||
Three
Months Ended
|
||||||||
March
31,
|
||||||||
2007
|
2008
|
|||||||
Revenues
|
||||||||
Investment advisory
and incentive fees
|
$ | 56,560 | $ | 56,841 | ||||
Commission
revenue
|
4,020 | 3,256 | ||||||
Distribution
fees and other income
|
6,026 | 6,451 | ||||||
Total
revenues
|
66,606 | 66,548 | ||||||
Expenses
|
||||||||
Compensation costs | 28,374 | 28,847 | ||||||
Management
fee
|
3,401 | 1,981 | ||||||
Distribution
costs
|
5,886 | 6,409 | ||||||
Other
operating expenses
|
8,434 | 6,054 | ||||||
Total
expenses
|
46,095 | 43,291 | ||||||
Operating
income
|
20,511 | 23,257 | ||||||
Other
income (expense)
|
||||||||
Net
gain (loss) from investments
|
5,570 |
(8,389
|
) | |||||
Interest
and dividend income
|
8,002 |
4,774
|
||||||
Interest
expense
|
(3,380 | ) |
(2,067
|
) | ||||
Total
other income (expense), net
|
10,192 |
(5,682
|
) | |||||
Income
before income taxes and minority interest
|
30,703 |
17,575
|
||||||
Income
tax provision
|
11,207 |
7,326
|
||||||
Minority
interest
|
332 |
(237
|
) | |||||
Net
income
|
$ | 19,164 | $ |
10,486
|
|
|||
Net
income per share:
|
||||||||
Basic
|
$ | 0.68 | $ | 0.37 | ||||
Diluted
|
$ | 0.67 | $ | 0.37 | ||||
Weighted
average shares outstanding:
|
||||||||
Basic
|
28,228 | 28,175 | ||||||
Diluted
|
29,196 | 29,031 | ||||||
Dividends
declared per share:
|
||||||||
Quarterly
|
$ | 0.03 | $ | 0.03 | ||||
See
accompanying notes.
|
3
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
|
||||||||||||
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
|
||||||||||||
(In
thousands, except share data)
|
||||||||||||
December
31,
|
March
31,
|
March
31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
2008
|
2007
(A)
|
||||||||||
(unaudited)
|
||||||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents, including restricted cash of $0,
$0 and $3,418.
|
$ | 168,319 | $ | 280,796 | $ | 103,882 | ||||||
Investments
in securities, including restricted securities of $0,
$0 and $51,461.
|
394,977 | 325,407 | 532,222 | |||||||||
Investments
in partnerships and affiliates
|
100,031 | 85,572 | 68,651 | |||||||||
Receivable
from brokers
|
40,145 | 15,186 | 22,794 | |||||||||
Investment
advisory fees receivable
|
33,701 | 18,862 | 20,375 | |||||||||
Other
assets
|
20,407 | 23,202 | 19,548 | |||||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 757,580 | $ | 749,025 | $ | 767,472 | ||||||
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
||||||||||||
Payable
to brokers
|
$ | 7,562 | $ | 5,421 | $ | 40,441 | ||||||
Income
taxes payable, including deferred taxes of $5,814, $(924), and
$905.
|
17,539 | 12,747 | 7,751 | |||||||||
Compensation
payable
|
25,362 | 30,278 | 37,942 | |||||||||
Capital
lease obligation
|
2,525 | 2,453 | 2,721 | |||||||||
Securities
sold, not yet purchased
|
2,229 | 3,110 | 15,925 | |||||||||
Accrued
expenses and other liabilities
|
38,810 | 34,954 | 31,641 | |||||||||
Total
operating liabilities
|
94,027 | 88,963 | 136,421 | |||||||||
Long
term liabilities
|
||||||||||||
5.5%
Senior notes (due May 15, 2013)
|
100,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | |||||||||
6%
Convertible note (due August 14, 2011) (B)
|
49,608 | 39,706 | 49,537 | |||||||||
Total
liabilities
|
243,635 | 228,669 | 285,958 | |||||||||
Minority
interest
|
12,630 | 12,494 | 14,026 | |||||||||
Stockholders’
equity
|
||||||||||||
Class
A Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000
|
||||||||||||
shares
authorized; 12,574,995, 12,765,674 and 12,141,696
|
||||||||||||
issued,
respectively; 7,819,741, 7,801,831 and 7,514,242
outstanding,
respectively
|
12 | 12 | 10 | |||||||||
Class
B Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000
|
||||||||||||
shares
authorized; 24,000,000 shares issued,
20,626,644, 20,626,644
and 20,671,143 shares outstanding,
|
||||||||||||
respectively
|
21 | 21 | 23 | |||||||||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
230,483 | 242,293 | 229,792 | |||||||||
Retained
earnings
|
445,121 | 454,749 | 415,472 | |||||||||
Accumulated
comprehensive gain
|
20,815 | 16,737 | 11,031 | |||||||||
Treasury
stock, at cost (4,755,254, 4,963,843, and 4,627,454
|
||||||||||||
shares,
respectively)
|
(195,137 | ) | (205,950 | ) | (188,840 | ) | ||||||
Total
stockholders' equity
|
501,315 | 507,862 | 467,488 | |||||||||
Total
liabilities and stockholders' equity
|
$ | 757,580 | $ | 749,025 | $ | 767,472 |
See
accompanying notes.
|
(A) As restated to reflect
the reversal of certain previously-accrued expenses for investment
partnership compensation as described in Note A of this report on Form
10-Q.
(B) $50 million
outstanding on December 31, 2007 and March 31, 2007. $40 million outstanding on
March 31, 2008.
4
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
|
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME
|
UNAUDITED
|
(In
thousands)
|
Three Months Ended | |||||||||
March
31,
|
|||||||||
2007
|
|
2008 | |||||||
Stockholders’
equity – beginning of period
|
$ | 451,576 | $ | 501,315 | |||||
Cumulative
effect of applying the provisions of FIN 48 at January
1, 2007
|
(822 | ) | - | ||||||
Comprehensive
income:
|
|||||||||
Net income | 19,164 | 10,486 | |||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 1 | 21 | |||||||
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale | 685 | (4,100 | ) | ||||||
Total
comprehensive income
|
19,850 | 6,407 | |||||||
Dividends
declared
|
(846 | ) | (857 | ) | |||||
Stock
based compensation expense
|
21 | 1,198 | |||||||
Conversion of 6% convertible note | - | 10,000 | |||||||
Exercise
of stock options including tax benefit
|
72 | 612 | |||||||
Purchase
of treasury stock
|
(2,363 | ) | (10,813 | ) | |||||
Stockholders’
equity – end of period
|
$ | 467,488 | $ | 507,862 | |||||
See
accompanying notes.
|
5
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC. AND
SUBSIDIARIES
|
||||||||
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
||||||||
UNAUDITED
|
||||||||
(In
thousands)
|
||||||||
Three
Months Ended
|
||||||||
March
31,
|
||||||||
2007
|
2008
|
|||||||
Operating
activities
Net income
|
$
|
19,164
|
$
|
10,486
|
||||
Adjustments
to reconcile net income to net cash
provided
by operating activities:
|
||||||||
Equity
in net gains from partnerships and
affiliates
|
(2,246
|
)
|
2,375
|
|
||||
Depreciation
and
amortization
|
307
|
229
|
||||||
Stock
based compensation
expense
|
21
|
1,198
|
||||||
Deferred
income
tax
|
395
|
(2,815
|
)
|
|||||
Tax
benefit from exercise of stock
options
|
25
|
43
|
||||||
Foreign
currency
loss
|
1
|
21
|
||||||
Other-than-temporary
loss on available for sale securities
|
-
|
249
|
||||||
Impairment
of
goodwill
|
56
|
-
|
||||||
Acquisition of intangible asset | - | (4,043 | ) | |||||
Market
value of donated
securities
|
122
|
-
|
||||||
Minority
interest in net income of consolidated subsidiaries
|
275
|
(73
|
) | |||||
Realized
gains on sales of available for sale securities
|
(157
|
)
|
(253
|
)
|
||||
Realized
gains on sales of trading investments in securities,
net
|
(7,415
|
)
|
(3,121
|
)
|
||||
Change
in unrealized value of trading investments in securities and securities
sold, not yet purchased, net
|
2,524
|
|
7,012
|
|
||||
Realized losses (gains) on covers of securities sold, not yet purchased, net | 917 | (318 | ) | |||||
Amortization
on discount on debt
|
33
|
98
|
||||||
(Increase)
decrease in operating assets:
|
||||||||
Purchases
of trading investments in
securities
|
(392,800
|
)
|
(109,155
|
)
|
||||
Proceeds
from sales of trading investments in securities
|
396,399
|
164,837
|
||||||
Cost of covers on securities sold, not yet purchased
|
(30,745
|
)
|
(10,173
|
)
|
||||
Proceeds from sales of securities sold, not yet purchased
|
41,578
|
11,495
|
||||||
Investments
in partnerships and
affiliates
|
(3,072
|
)
|
(182
|
)
|
||||
Distributions
from partnerships and
affiliates
|
11,485
|
12,728
|
||||||
Receivable
from
brokers
|
30,193
|
|
22,609
|
|
||||
Investment
advisory fees
receivable
|
10,764
|
|
14,994
|
|
||||
Other
receivables from
affiliates
|
4,804
|
2,512
|
||||||
Other
assets
|
(355
|
)
|
(1,440
|
)
|
||||
Increase
(decrease) in operating liabilities:
|
||||||||
Payable
to
brokers
|
2,960
|
(2,149
|
) | |||||
Income
taxes
payable
|
(7,213
|
) |
1,662
|
|||||
Compensation
payable
|
8,222
|
5,791
|
||||||
Accrued
expenses and other
liabilities
|
(8,652
|
)
|
(4,037
|
) | ||||
Effects
of consolidation of investment partnerships and offshore funds
consolidated
under
FIN 46R and EITF 04-5:
|
||||||||
Realized
(losses) gains on sales of investments in securities and securities sold,
not yet purchased, net
|
(278
|
) |
67
|
|
||||
Change
in unrealized value of investments in securities and securities sold, not
yet purchased, net
|
200
|
350
|
|
|||||
Equity
in net gains from partnerships and affiliates
|
(758
|
) |
(28
|
)
|
||||
Purchases
of trading investments in securities and securities sold, not yet
purchased
|
(14,550
|
) |
(3,218
|
)
|
||||
Proceeds
from sales of trading investments in securities and securities sold, not
yet purchased
|
12,084
|
4,322
|
||||||
Investments
in partnerships and affiliates
|
(2,000
|
) |
-
|
|
||||
Distributions
from partnerships and affiliates
|
500
|
-
|
||||||
Increase
in investment advisory fees receivable
|
(45
|
) |
(155
|
) | ||||
Decrease
in receivable from brokers
|
695
|
2,350
|
|
|||||
Increase
in other assets
|
(58
|
) |
(52
|
) | ||||
Increase
in payable to brokers
|
1,135
|
8
|
||||||
Increase
in accrued expenses and other liabilities
|
49
|
107
|
|
|||||
Income
(loss) related to investment partnerships and offshore
funds consolidated
under FIN 46R and EITF 04-5, net
|
490
|
(765
|
)
|
|||||
Total
adjustments
|
55,890
|
|
113,080
|
|
||||
Net
cash provided by operating
activities
|
75,054
|
|
123,566
|
|
6
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
|
||
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH
FLOWS
|
||
UNAUDITED
|
||
(In
thousands)
|
||
Three
Months Ended
|
||
March
31,
|
||
2007
|
2008
|
Investing activities | ||||||||
Purchases
of available for sale
securities
|
(25,031
|
)
|
(774
|
)
|
||||
Proceeds
from sales of available for sale
securities
|
939
|
383
|
||||||
Net
cash used in investing
activities
|
(24,092
|
)
|
(391
|
)
|
||||
Financing
activities
|
||||||||
Payoff
of 5.22% Senior Notes
|
(82,308 | ) | - | |||||
Contributions
related to investment partnerships and offshore funds consolidated
under FIN 46R and EITF 04-5, net
|
516
|
404
|
||||||
Proceeds
from exercise of stock
options
|
48
|
569
|
||||||
Dividends
paid
|
(846
|
)
|
(857
|
)
|
||||
Subsidiary
stock repurchased from minority
shareholders
|
(241
|
) |
-
|
|||||
Purchase
of treasury
stock
|
(2,363
|
)
|
(10,813
|
)
|
||||
Net
cash used in financing
activities
|
(85,194
|
)
|
(10,697
|
)
|
||||
Net
(decrease) increase in cash and cash
equivalents
|
(34,232
|
)
|
112,478
|
|
||||
Effect
of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
|
1
|
|
(1
|
)
|
||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
138,113
|
168,319
|
||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
$
|
103,882
|
$
|
280,796
|
Non-cash
activity: On January 22, 2008, Cascade Investment LLC elected to convert
$10 million of the 6% convertible note into 188,697 GAMCO Investor's Inc. common
shares.
See
accompanying notes.
7
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES
TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March
31, 2008
(Unaudited)
A. Basis
of Presentation
Unless we
have indicated otherwise, or the context otherwise requires, references in this
report to “GAMCO Investors, Inc.,” “GAMCO,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”
or similar terms are to GAMCO Investors, Inc., its predecessors and its
subsidiaries.
The
unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of GAMCO
Investors, Inc. included herein have been prepared in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States for interim financial
information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation
S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required
by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete
financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited
interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments,
which are of a normal recurring and non-recurring nature (Note J), necessary for
a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows
of GAMCO for the interim periods presented and are not necessarily indicative of
a full year’s results.
The
condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GAMCO and
its subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions
are eliminated.
These
financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated
financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007, from which the accompanying condensed consolidated
Financial Statements were derived.
Certain
items previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current
period’s condensed consolidated financial statement presentation.
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity
with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
Restatement
On
August 9, 2007, GAMCO filed a Form 10-K/A restating 2006 results to reflect the
reversal of certain previously accrued expenses for investment partnership
compensation.
It
was determined that the amount accrued during 2006 were no longer appropriate
following the departure of marketing staff, the reassignment of management
staff, and the reduction of rates for certain payouts. This
determination was made subsequent to our issuance of the 2006 Form 10-K after an
analysis was performed. The information used in management’s analysis
was available prior to the issuance of the 2006 Form 10-K. Management determined
that this was an error and not a change in an accounting
estimate. Because it was deemed an error and the amounts were
material to interim and full year periods in 2006, GAMCO amended its Form 10-K
for the year ended 2006 to reflect the reversals.
For the three months ended March 31,
2007, the restatement did not impact the condensed consolidated statement of
operations, but did result in a decrease to compensation payable of $5.5
million, an increase to income taxes payable of $2.7 million, and an increase to
retained earnings of $2.8 million on the condensed consolidated statement
of financial condition.
GAMCO has
changed its accounting policy to reflect the adoption of Financial
Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Statement No. 157, “Fair Value
Measurements” (“Statement 157”). The statement provides guidance for using fair
value to measure assets and liabilities. The statement provides guidance to
companies about the extent of which to measure assets and liabilities at fair
value, the information used to measure fair value, and the effect of fair value
measurements on earnings. The statement applies whenever other standards require
(or permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. The statement
does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. The statement is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company
adopted this statement on January 1, 2008. Although the impact of adopting
Statement 157 is immaterial to the Company’s financial statements, Statement 157
required additional disclosures within the footnotes to the financial
statements. Please refer to Note E for further details.
B. Recent
Accounting Developments
In June
2007, the FASB issued Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") 06-11,
"Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment
Awards". The EITF release discusses how an entity should recognize the
income tax benefit received on dividends that are (a) paid to employees holding
equity-classified nonvested shares, equity-classified nonvested share units, or
equity-classified outstanding share options and (b) charged to retained earnings
under FAS 123(R).The release became relevant to the Company after the Board of
Directors authorized the issuance of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") (share
based payments) to Company employees in December 2007. Employees of the Company
who received shares in the 2007 granting of restricted stock awards will accrue
dividends during their vesting period and receive them only if their shares
vest. Thus, this EITF does not have an impact on the Company's financial
statements.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 160, "Noncontrolling
Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment of ARB No. 51"
("Statement 160") to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of
the financial information that a reporting entity with minority interests
provides in its consolidated financial statements. Statement 160 changes the way
the consolidated income statement is presented. It requires consolidated net
income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both
the parent and the noncontrolling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the
face of the consolidated statement of income, of the amounts of consolidated net
income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest. Statement
160 requires expanded disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that
clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent’s owners
and the interests of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. Statement 160
does not change the provisions of “Consolidated Financial Statements” ("ARB 51")
related to consolidation purpose or consolidation policy or the
requirement that a parent consolidate all entities in which it has a controlling
financial interest. Statement 160 does, however, amend certain of ARB 51’s
consolidation procedures to make them consistent with the requirements of FASB
Statement 141(R) "Business Combinations". It also amends ARB 51 to provide
definitions for certain terms and to clarify some terminology. Statement
160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal
years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited.
The Company plans to adopt this statement on January 1, 2009. Statement 160 will
impact the Company's financial statements presentation and disclosure
of minority interest.
In March 2008, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 161,"Disclosures about Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("Statement 161") to
improve financial reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities
by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand their
effects on an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash
flows. Statement 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal
years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early
application encouraged. The
Company is currently reviewing Statement 161 and its potential impact on the
Company’s financial statements. The Company plans to adopt Statement 161 on
January 1, 2009.
C. Investment
in Securities
Management
determines the appropriate classification of debt and equity securities at the
time of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet
date. Investments in Treasury Bills and Notes with maturities of
greater than three months at the time of purchase are classified as investments
in securities and with maturities of three months or less at time of purchase
are classified as cash and cash equivalents. A substantial portion of
investments in securities are held for resale in anticipation of short-term
market movements and therefore are classified as trading securities. Trading
securities are stated at fair value, with any unrealized gains or losses, net of
deferred taxes, reported in current period earnings. Available for sale (“AFS”)
investments are stated at fair value, with any unrealized gains or losses, net
of management fee and taxes, reported as a component of stockholders’ equity
except for losses deemed to be other than temporary which are recorded as
realized losses in the condensed consolidated statements of income. For the
three months ended March 31, 2008, there was an impairment of $0.2 million in
AFS securities. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, there was
no impairment in AFS securities. Securities sold, not yet purchased
are financial instruments purchased under agreements to resell and financial
instruments sold under agreement to repurchase. These financial
instruments are stated at fair value and are subject to market risks resulting
from changes in price and volatility. At March 31, 2008 and 2007, the market
value of securities sold, not yet purchased was $3.1 million and $15.9 million,
respectively.
8
The
Company accounts for derivative financial instruments in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“FAS”) No. 133, "Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended" (“Statement No.
133”). Statement No. 133 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives, as
defined, as either assets or liabilities measured at fair value. The
Company uses swaps and treasury futures to manage its exposure to market and
credit risks from changes in certain equity prices, interest rates, and
volatility and does not hold or issue swaps and treasury futures for speculative
or trading purposes. These swaps and treasury futures are not designated as
hedges, and changes in fair values of these derivatives are included in net gain
(loss) from investments in the condensed consolidated statements of
income. As of March 31, 2008 and 2007, the notional value of derivatives
was $3.6 and $23.1 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31,
2008 and 2007, the effect of derivative transactions was immaterial to the
Company's condensed consolidated statements of income.
At
March 31, 2008 and 2007, the market value of investments available for sale was
$126.2 million and $126.1 million, respectively. Unrealized gains
(losses) in market value, net of management fee and taxes, of ($4.1 million) and
$0.7 million have been included in stockholders’ equity for the three month
periods ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Proceeds
from sales of investments available for sale were approximately $0.4 million and
$0.9 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively. For the first three months of 2008, gross gains on the
sale of investments available for sale amounted to $0.3 million; there were no
gross losses on the sale of investments available for sale. For the
first three months of 2007, gross gains on the sale of investments available for
sale amounted to $0.2 million; there were no gross losses on the sale of
investments available for sale.
D.
Investments in Partnerships and Affiliates
The
provisions of FASB Interpretation No. ("FIN") 46R, "Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entities", and EITF 04-5, "Investor's
Accounting for an Investment in a Limited Partnership When the Investor Is the
Sole General Partner and the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights",
require consolidation of several of our investment partnerships and
offshore funds managed by our subsidiaries into our condensed consolidated
financial statements.
For the
quarters ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the consolidation of these entities had
no impact on net income but did result in (a) the elimination of revenues and
expenses which are now intercompany transactions; (b) the recording of all the
partnerships’ operating expenses of these entities including those pertaining to
third-party interests; (c) the recording of all other income of these entities
including those pertaining to third-party interests; (d) recording of income tax
expense of these entities including those pertaining to third party interests;
and (e) the recording of minority interest which offsets the net amount of any
of the partnerships’ revenues, operating expenses, other income and income taxes
recorded in these respective line items which pertain to third-party interest in
these entities. While this had no impact on net income, the
consolidation of these entities did affect the classification of income between
operating and other income. Cash and cash equivalents, investments in
securities and receivable from brokers held by investment partnerships and
offshore funds consolidated under FIN 46R and EITF 04-5 of $13.4 million and
$18.1 million as of March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, are also restricted
from use for general operating purposes.
E.
Fair Value
In
September 2006, the FASB issued Statement 157, which defines fair
value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures
about fair value measurements. All of
the instruments within investments in securities and securities sold, not yet
purchased are measured at fair value.
The
Company’s assets and liabilities recorded at fair value have been categorized
based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with Statement 157. The
levels of the fair value hierarchy and their applicability to the Company are
described below:
-
|
Level
1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities.
|
-
|
Level
2 inputs utilize inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that
are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in
active markets and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for
the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are
observable at commonly-quoted
intervals.
|
-
|
Level
3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include
situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or
liability.
|
In
certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into
different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, per
Statement 157, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value
measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its
entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular
input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and
considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
The
availability of observable inputs can vary from product to product and is
affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of
product, whether the product is new and not yet established in the marketplace,
and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that
valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable
in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment.
Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair
value is greatest for instruments categorized as Level 3.
Many of
our securities have bid and ask prices that can be observed in the marketplace.
Bid prices reflect the highest price that the Company and others are willing to
pay for an asset. Ask prices represent the lowest price that the Company and
others are willing to accept for an asset.
Cash and cash
equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents are valued using quoted market
prices. Valuation adjustments are not applied. Accordingly, cash and cash
equivalents are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Investments in securities
and securities sold, not yet purchased - Investments in securities and
securities sold, not yet purchased are generally valued based on quoted prices
from the exchange. To the extent these securities are actively traded, valuation
adjustments are not applied and they are categorized in Level 1 of the fair
value hierarchy. Listed derivatives that are actively traded and are valued
based on quoted prices from an exchange are also categorized in Level 1 of the
fair value hierarchy. Listed derivatives that are not actively traded are valued
using the same approaches as those applied to over the
counter derivatives and they are generally categorized in Level 2 of
the fair value hierarchy. Nonpublic
and infrequently traded investments are included in Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy because fair value is unobservable.
The
following table present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities
measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2008 and indicates
the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to
determine such fair value:
Assets
and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of March 31, 2008
(in Thousands)
Assets
|
Quoted
Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
|
Significant
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
|
Balance
as of March 31, 2008
|
||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 280,796 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 280,796 | ||||||||
Investments in securities | 323,812 | 407 | 1,188 | 325,407 | ||||||||||||
Total financial instruments owned | 604,608 | 407 | 1,188 | 606,203 | ||||||||||||
Liabilities
|
||||||||||||||||
Securities sold, not yet purchased | 3,110 | - | - | 3,110 |
9
The
following table presents additional information about assets and liabilities
measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the Company has
utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:
Changes in Level 3 Assets
and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis for the Three Months
ended March 31, 2008 (in Thousands)
Total
Realized and Unrealized Gains or (Losses) in Income
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset
|
Beginning
Balance
|
Trading
|
Investments
|
Total
Unrealized Gains or (Losses) Included in Other Comprehensive
Income
|
Total
Realized and Unrealized Gains or (Losses)
|
Purchases
and Sales, net
|
Net
Transfers In and/or (Out) of Level 3
|
Ending
Balance
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments owned: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in securities | $ | 1,423 | $ | (235 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (235 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,188 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,423 | $ | (235 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (235 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,188 |
In
February 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("Statement 159"), which provides a
fair value option election that allows companies to irrevocably elect fair value
as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain financial assets
and liabilities, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings as they
occur. Statement 159 permits the fair value option election on an instrument by
instrument basis at initial recognition of an asset or liability or upon an
event that gives rise to a new basis of accounting for that instrument.
At
this time, the Company does not intend to elect fair value treatment for any
other financial asset or financial liability.
F. Debt
In
February 2007, the Company retired the $82.3 million in 5.22% Senior Notes due
February 17, 2007 plus accrued interest from its cash and cash equivalents and
investments. This debt was originally issued in connection with GAMCO's sale of
mandatory convertible securities in February 2002 and was remarketed in November
2004.
On
January 18, 2008, a registration statement on Form S-3 was declared effective by
the Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") for the registration
for resale by Cascade Investment LLC ("Cascade") an aggregate of 943,396
shares of class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the 6% convertible
note (the "Note") of the Company issued to Cascade on August 14, 2001. On
January 22, 2008, Cascade elected to convert $10 million of the Note into
188,697 GAMCO shares. Cascade requested that the remaining $40 million face
value of notes be segregated into eight notes each with a face value of $5
million.
G.
Income Taxes
The
effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2008 was 41.7% compared
to the prior year period’s effective rate of 36.5%. The increase in the
effective income tax rate relates to increased state and local income taxes and
the tax impact of a change in the deductibility of a portion of the reserve for
the Commission settlement.
The
Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. Upon
such adoption, the Company had a cumulative effect of $0.8 million, which was
accounted for as a reduction to the January 1, 2007 balance of retained
earnings. As of December 31, 2007, the total amount of gross
unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $8.1 million, of which recognition
of $5.3 million would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. As of
March 31, 2008, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was
approximately $8.6 million, of which recognition of $5.6 million would impact
the Company’s effective tax rate. The $0.5 million increase of gross
unrecognized tax benefits for the three months ended March 31, 2008 reflects
accruals for state and local income taxes for uncertain tax positions taken in
prior periods.
The
Company’s historical accounting policy with respect to penalties and interest
related to tax uncertainties has been to classify these amounts as income taxes,
and the Company continued this classification upon the adoption of FIN 48.
As of March 31, 2008 and 2007, the total amount of accrued penalties and
interest related to uncertain tax positions recognized in the condensed
consolidated statement of financial condition was approximately $3.1 million and
$1.4 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and
2007, the increase of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $0.5 million and $0.7
million, respectively.
The
Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) concluded its audit of the 2003 and 2004
federal income tax returns during the year ended December 31, 2007. Total
adjustments of $1.4 million were recognized during the year ended December 31,
2007. The 2005 and 2006 federal income tax returns remain subject to
potential future audit by the IRS.
The
Company is currently being audited by New York State for its income tax returns
filed between 1999 and 2003. It is reasonably possible that the Company
will conclude the audits of 1999 and 2000 within the next 12-month period and
the Company does not expect that the potential assessments will be material to
its results of operations. The state income tax returns for all years
after 2003 are subject to potential future audit by tax authorities in the
Company’s major state tax jurisdictions.
Income
tax expense is based on pre-tax financial accounting income, including
adjustments made for the recognition or derecognition related to uncertain tax
positions. The recognition or derecognition of income tax expense related
to uncertain tax positions is determined under the guidance as prescribed by
FIN 48. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the
future tax attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying
amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates
expected to be recovered or concluded. The effect on deferred tax assets
and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period
that includes the enactment date.
10
H.
Earnings Per Share
The
computations of basic and diluted net income per share are as
follows:
Three
Months Ended
|
||||||||
March
31,
|
||||||||
(in
thousands, except per share amounts)
|
2007
|
2008
|
||||||
Basic:
|
||||||||
Net
income
|
$ | 19,164 | $ | 10,486 | ||||
Average
shares outstanding
|
28,228 | 28,175 | ||||||
Basic
net income per share
|
$ | 0.68 | $ | 0.37 | ||||
Diluted:
|
||||||||
Net
income
|
$ | 19,164 | $ | 10,486 | ||||
Add
interest expense on convertible note,
net
of management fee and taxes
|
429 | 366 | ||||||
Total
|
$ | 19,593 | $ | 10,852 | ||||
Average
shares outstanding
|
28,228 | 28,175 | ||||||
Dilutive
stock options
|
25 | 52 | ||||||
Assumed
conversion of convertible note
|
943 | 804 | ||||||
Total
|
29,196 | 29,031 | ||||||
Diluted
net income per share
|
$ | 0.67 | $ | 0.37 | ||||
I.
Stockholders’ Equity
Shares
outstanding on March 31, 2008 were 28.4 million, approximately level with
December 31, 2007 and above the 28.2 million shares outstanding on March 31,
2007. Weighted average fully diluted shares outstanding for the first
quarter of 2008 were 29.0 million, slightly below both fourth quarter 2007’s
level of 29.1 million and first quarter 2007’s level of 29.2
million.
The Board
of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.03 per share that was paid on
March 28, 2008 to shareholders of record on March 14, 2008.
Voting
Rights
The
holders of class A common stock and class B common stock have identical rights
except that (i) holders of class A common stock are entitled to one vote per
share, while holders of class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share
on all matters to be voted on by shareholders in general, and (ii) holders of
class A common stock are not eligible to vote on matters relating exclusively to
class B common stock and vice versa.
On
November 30, 2007, class A common stock shareholders approved that the
Board of Directors should consider the conversion and reclassification of our
shares of class B common stock into class A common stock at a ratio of 1.15
shares of class A common stock for each share of class B common stock. The GAMCO
Board of Directors, after preliminary discussions with the Board of Directors of
GGCP, Inc., decided to table this action given the current economic
environment.
Stock
Award and Incentive Plan
Effective
January 1, 2003, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of FAS No. 123
in accordance with the transition and disclosure provisions under the recently
issued FAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock Based Compensation – Transition and
Disclosure.”
We
adopted FAS 123 (R) on January 1, 2005. In light of our modified
prospective adoption of the fair value recognition provisions of FAS 123 (R) for
all grants of employee stock options, the adoption of FAS 123 (R) did not have a
material impact on our consolidated financial statements. On
December 7, 2007, employees of the Company were granted 385,400 RSAs under
one of the plans. The allocation of the RSAs was recommended by the
Company's Chairman who did not receive an RSA award. The grant date fair value
of the RSAs is $63.50 per share which was the closing share price of GAMCO
shares on December 20, 2007, the effective grant date under Statement
123(R) and FSP 123(R)-2 for purposes of calculation of the compensation
expense. This expense will be recognized over the vesting period for these
awards which is 30% over three years and 70% over five years. During the
vesting period, dividends to RSA holders are held for them until the RSA vesting
dates and are forfeited if the grantee is no longer employed by the Company on
the vesting dates. Dividends declared on these RSAs are charged to retained
earnings on the declaration date.
For
the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, we recognized stock-based
compensation expense of $1,198,000 and $22,000, respectively. Stock-based
compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2007 through December 31,
2012 is as follows ($ in thousands):
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
2012
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Q1
|
$ | 22 | $ | 1,198 | $ | 1,191 | $ | 1,179 | $ | 686 | $ | 685 | ||||||||||||||
Q2
|
24 | 1,198 | 1,187 | 1,176 | 685 | 685 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Q3
|
24 | 1,198 | 1,185 | 1,176 | 685 | 685 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Q4
|
415 | 1,194 | 1,183 | 1,013 | 685 | 458 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Full
Year
|
$ | 483 | $ | 4,788 | $ | 4,746 | $ | 4,545 | $ | 2,741 | $ | 2,513 |
The total
compensation costs related to non-vested awards and options not yet recognized
is approximately $18,135,000, of which $3,590,000 will be recognized in the
remainder of 2008. Proceeds from the exercise of 15,500 and 2,750 stock
options were $569,000 and $47,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and
2007, respectively, resulting in a tax benefit to GAMCO of $43,000 and $25,000
for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
Stock
Repurchase Program
In March
1999, the Board of Directors established the Stock Repurchase Program to grant
us authority to repurchase shares of our Class A common stock. For
the three months ended March 31, 2008, we repurchased approximately 209,000
shares at an average investment of $51.83. Since the inception of the
program, we have repurchased approximately 5,065,000 shares at an average
investment of $40.22 per share. At March 31, 2008, the total shares
available under the program to be repurchased was approximately
653,000.
J.
Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets
In
accordance with FAS 142 “Accounting for Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,”
we assess the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets at least
annually, or more often should events warrant, using a present value cash flow
method. There was no impairment charge recorded for the three months
ended March 31, 2008. There was an impairment charge of $56,000 recorded for the
three months ended March 31, 2007 as a result of the voluntary deregistration of
an inactive broker dealer subsidiary. At March 31, 2008, there remains $3.5
million of goodwill related to our 92%-owned subsidiary, Gabelli Securities,
Inc.
On March
10, 2008 the Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions Fund's (the "Fund") Board of
Directors, subsequent to obtaining shareholder approval, approved Gabelli Funds,
LLC (the "Adviser") as the investment adviser to the Enterprise Mergers and
Acquisitions Fund. GAMCO Asset Management, Inc. had been the sub-adviser to
this fund. As a result of becoming the adviser to the Enterprise Mergers and
Acquisitions Fund, the Company maintains an identifiable intangible asset
within other assets and related liability within accrued expenses and other
liabilities within the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition
of approximately $4.0 million at March 31, 2008. The
investment advisory agreement is subject to annual renewal by the Fund's Board
of Directors, and the Company does not expect to incur additional expense
as a result, which is consistent with other investment advisory agreements
entered into by GAMCO. The Company does not anticipate canceling the
investment advisory agreement before the end of the current fiscal
year.
11
K. Other
Matters
We
indemnify our clearing brokers for losses they may sustain from the customer
accounts introduced by our broker-dealer subsidiaries. In accordance
with NYSE rules, customer balances are typically collateralized by customer
securities or supported by other recourse provisions. In addition, we
further limit margin balances to a maximum of 25% versus 50% permitted under
Regulation T of the Federal Reserve Board and exchange
regulations. At March 31, 2008 and 2007, the total amount of customer
balances subject to indemnification (i.e. unsecured margin debits) was
immaterial. The Company also has entered into arrangements with
various other third parties which provide for indemnification against losses,
costs, claims and liabilities arising from the performance of their obligations
under our agreement, except for gross negligence or bad faith. The
Company has had no claims or payments pursuant to these or prior agreements, and
we believe the likelihood of a claim being made is remote. Utilizing
the methodology in the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, “Guarantor’s
Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect
Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others”, our estimate of the value of such
agreements is de minimis, and therefore an accrual has not been made in the
financial statements.
L.
Subsequent Events
From
April 1 through May 12, 2008, we repurchased 70,336 shares of our class A common
stock, under the Stock Repurchase Program, at an average investment of $46.80
per share.
On April
24, 2008, the Adviser settled an administrative proceeding with the
Commission regarding frequent trading in shares of a mutual fund it
advises, without admitting or denying the findings or allegations of the
Commission. As previously disclosed, the inquiry involved the
Adviser's treatment of one investor who had engaged in frequent trading in one
of the funds (the prospectus of which did not at that time impose limits on
frequent trading), and who had subsequently made an investment in a hedge fund
managed by an affiliate of the Adviser. The investor was banned from
the fund in August 2002, only after certain other investors were
banned. The principal terms of the settlement include an
administrative cease and desist order from violating certain provisions of the
federal securities laws, and the payment of $11 million in disgorgement
and prejudgment interest and $5
million in a civil monetary penalty, or $0.37 per fully diluted share in
total, of which $0.01 per fully diluted share was reserved for in first quarter
2008 and the
remainder had been reserved for in prior periods.
On May 7,
2008, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.03 per share to
be paid on June 27, 2008 to shareholders of record on June 13, 2008, approved
the distribution of shares of Teton Advisers, Inc. owned by GAMCO to GAMCO
shareholders and authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 500,000 shares
of its class A common stock at such times, prices, and amounts to be determined
by the Company.
12
ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (INCLUDING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK)
Overview
GAMCO
Investors, Inc. (NYSE: GBL), well known for its Private Market Value (PMV) with
a CatalystTM
investment approach, is a
widely-recognized provider of investment advisory services to mutual funds,
institutional and high net worth investors, and investment partnerships,
principally in the United States. Through Gabelli & Company,
Inc., we provide institutional research services to institutional clients and
investment partnerships. We generally manage assets on a
discretionary basis and invest in a variety of U.S. and international securities
through various investment styles. Our revenues are based primarily
on the firm’s levels of assets under management and fees associated with our
various investment products.
Since
1977, we have been identified with and enhanced the “value” style approach to
investing. Our investment objective is to earn a superior risk-adjusted return
for our clients over the long-term through our proprietary fundamental
research. In addition to our value portfolios, we offer our clients a
broad array of investment strategies that include global, growth, international
and convertible products. We also offer a series of investment
partnership (performance fee-based) vehicles that provide a series of long-short
investment opportunities in market and sector specific opportunities, including
offerings of non-market correlated investments in merger arbitrage, as well as
fixed income strategies.
Our
revenues are highly correlated to the level of assets under management and fees
associated with our various investment products, rather than our own corporate
assets. Assets under management, which are directly influenced by the
level and changes of the overall equity markets, can also fluctuate through
acquisitions, the creation of new products, the addition of new accounts or the
loss of existing accounts. Since various equity products have
different fees, changes in our business mix may also affect
revenues. At times, the performance of our equity products may differ
markedly from popular market indices, and this can also impact our
revenues. It is our belief that general stock market trends will have
the greatest impact on our level of assets under management and hence,
revenues. This becomes increasingly likely as the base of assets
grows.
We
conduct our investment advisory business principally through: GAMCO Asset
Management Inc. (Separate Accounts), Gabelli Funds, LLC (Mutual Funds) and
Gabelli Securities, Inc. (Investment Partnerships). We also act as an
underwriter, are a distributor of our open-end mutual funds and provide
institutional research through Gabelli & Company, Inc., our broker-dealer
subsidiary.
Assets
Under Management (AUM) were $28.7 billion as of March 31, 2008, 7.5% lower than
December 31, 2007 AUM of $31.0 billion and 2.3% below March 31, 2007 AUM of
$29.4 billion. Equity assets under management were $27.3 billion on
March 31, 2008, 8.8% less than December 31, 2007 equity assets of $29.9 billion
and 5.1% below the $28.7 billion on March 31, 2007. Our
closed-end equity funds had AUM of $5.8 billion on March 31, 2008, down 9.1%
from $6.3 billion on December 31, 2007 and 6.9% from the $6.2 billion on March
31, 2007. Our
open-end equity fund AUM were $9.5 billion on March 31, 2008, a 3.2% decline
from $9.8 billion on December 31, 2007 while 6.8% higher than the $8.9 billion
on March 31, 2007. Included
in the March 31, 2008 quarter end open-end equity funds AUM is the Enterprise
Mergers and Acquisitions Fund, a $400 million fund where Gabelli Funds, LLC was
appointed the investment adviser on March 10, 2008.
Our
institutional and private wealth management business ended the quarter with
$11.6 billion in separately managed accounts, a decrease of 12.6% compared to
$13.3 billion on December 31, 2007 and 12.1% lower than the $13.2 billion on
March 31, 2007. The adoption of the investment advisory agreement of the
Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions Fund by the Gabelli Funds, LLC accounted for
$0.4 billion of the three month difference. On a pro-forma basis, the assets
would have been down 8.6% in the quarter from $12.7 billion at year end and down
7.0% from the adjusted year ago quarter-end of $12.5 billion. Our
investment partnerships AUM were $396 million on March 31, 2008 versus $460
million on December 31, 2007 and $477 million on March 31, 2007. Fixed
income AUM were $1.4 billion on March 31, 2008 surging 26.3% since the $1.1
billion on December 31, 2007 and rising 126.1% over the $0.6 billion on March
31, 2007. We
receive incentive and fulcrum fees for our investment partnership assets,
certain institutional client assets as well as the majority of preferred issues
for our closed-end funds. As of March 31, 2008, incentive and fulcrum
fee assets were $3.3 billion, a decrease of 7.2% versus $3.5 billion on December
31, 2007 and 5.3% below $3.5 billion on March 31, 2007.
13
The
Company reported Assets Under Management as follows:
Table
I:
|
Assets
Under Management (millions)
|
|||||||||||||
Mutual
Funds:
|
March
31, 2007
|
March
31, 2008
|
%
Inc. (Dec.)
|
Adjusted
% Inc. (Dec.) (a)
|
||||||||||
Open-end
|
$
|
8,858
|
$
|
9,459
|
6.8
|
%
|
(1.3
|
)%
|
||||||
Closed-end
|
6,188
|
5,762
|
(6.9 |
)
|
(6.9
|
) | ||||||||
Fixed
Income
|
591
|
1,445
|
144.5 |
144.5
|
||||||||||
Total
Mutual Funds
|
15,637
|
16,666
|
6.6 |
1.9
|
||||||||||
Institutional
& PWM:
|
||||||||||||||
Equities:
direct
|
10,587
|
9,746
|
(7.9 |
)
|
(7.9
|
) | ||||||||
“ sub-advisory
|
2,608
|
1,887
|
(27.6 |
)
|
0.0
|
|||||||||
Fixed
Income
|
49
|
2
|
(95.9 |
)
|
(95.9
|
)
|
||||||||
Total
Institutional & PWM
|
13,244
|
11,635
|
(12.1 |
)
|
(7.1
|
) | ||||||||
Investment
Partnerships
|
477
|
396
|
(17.0 |
)
|
(17.0
|
) | ||||||||
Total
Assets Under Management
|
$
|
29,358
|
$
|
28,697
|
(2.3 |
)
|
(2.3
|
) | ||||||
Equities
|
$
|
28,718
|
$
|
27,250
|
(5.1 |
)
|
(5.1
|
) | ||||||
Fixed
Income
|
640
|
1,447
|
126.1 |
126.1
|
||||||||||
Total
Assets Under Management
|
$
|
29,358
|
$
|
28,697
|
(2.3 |
)
|
(2.3
|
) |
Table
II:
|
Assets
Under Management By Quarter (millions)
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
%
Increase/(decrease)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mutual
Funds
|
3/07
|
6/07
|
9/07
|
12/07
|
3/08
|
12/07
|
12/07 (a) |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Open-end
|
$
|
8,858
|
$
|
9,529
|
$
|
9,866
|
$
|
9,774
|
$
|
9,459
|
(b)
|
(3.2
|
)%
|
(8.9 |
)%
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Closed-end
|
6,188
|
6,412
|
6,443
|
6,341
|
5,762
|
(9.1
|
) | (9.1 |
)
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed
income
|
591
|
684
|
1,048
|
1,122
|
1,445
|
28.8
|
28.8 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total
Mutual Funds
|
15,637
|
16,625
|
17,357
|
17,237
|
16,666
|
(3.3
|
) | (6.6 |
)
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Institutional
& PWM:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equities:
direct
|
10,587
|
11,116
|
11,266
|
10,708
|
9,746
|
(9.0
|
) | (9.0 |
)
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
“ sub-advisory
|
2,608
|
2,383
|
2,494
|
2,584
|
1,887
|
(b) |
(27.0
|
) | (4.7 |
)
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed
Income
|
49
|
21
|
27
|
24
|
2
|
(91.7
|
) | (91.7 |
)
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Total
Institutional & PWM
|
13,244
|
13,520
|
13,787
|
13,316
|
11,635
|
(12.6
|
)
|
(8.5 |
)
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Investment
Partnerships
|
477
|
486
|
491
|
460
|
396
|
(13.9
|
) | (13.9 |
)
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total
Assets Under Management
|
$
|
29,358
|
$
|
30,631
|
$
|
31,635
|
$
|
31,013
|
$
|
28,697
|
(7.5
|
) | (7.5 |
)
|
|
Table
III:
|
Fund
Flows – 1st Quarter 2008 (millions)
|
||||
December 31, 2007 |
Adjustments
(b)
|
Net
Cash
Flows
|
Market
Appreciation
/ (Depreciation)
|
March
31, 2008
|
Mutual
Funds:
|
||||||||||||||||||
Equities
|
$
|
16,115
|
$ | 415 |
$
|
9
|
$
|
(1,318
|
) |
$
|
15,221
|
|||||||
Fixed
Income
|
1,122
|
- |
311
|
12
|
1,445
|
|||||||||||||
Total
Mutual Funds
|
17,237
|
415 |
320
|
(1,306
|
) |
16,666
|
||||||||||||
Institutional
& PWM
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Equities:
direct
|
10,708 | - |
130
|
(1,092
|
) |
9,746
|
||||||||||||
“ sub-advisory
|
2,584
|
(415 | ) |
(91
|
) |
(191
|
) |
1,887
|
||||||||||
Fixed
Income
|
24
|
- |
(22
|
) |
-
|
2
|
||||||||||||
Total
Institutional & PWM
|
13,316
|
(415 | ) |
17
|
(1,283
|
) |
11,635
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Investment
Partnerships
|
460
|
- |
(59
|
) |
(5
|
) |
396
|
|||||||||||
Total
Assets Under Management
|
$
|
31,013
|
$ | - |
$
|
278
|
$
|
(2,594
|
) |
$
|
28,697
|
(a) Adjusted for reclassification. Reclass is Enterprise Mergers &
Acquisitions Fund to open-end equity for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and
December 31, 2007 from institutional sub-advisory.
(b) $415
million is related to the change of the Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions Fund
from Institutional sub-advisory to Mutual Fund advisory.
14
Regulatory
On April
24, 2008, the Adviser settled an administrative proceeding with the
Commission regarding frequent trading in shares of a mutual fund it
advises, without admitting or denying the findings or allegations of the
Commission. As previously disclosed, the inquiry involved the
Adviser's treatment of one investor who had engaged in frequent trading in one
of the funds (the prospectus of which did not at that time impose limits on
frequent trading), and who had subsequently made an investment in a hedge fund
managed by an affiliate of the Adviser. The investor was banned from
the fund in August 2002, only after certain other investors were
banned. The principal terms of the settlement include an
administrative cease and desist order from violating certain provisions of the
federal securities laws, and the payment of $11 million in disgorgement
and prejudgment interest and $5
million in a civil monetary penalty, or $0.37 per fully diluted share in
total, of which $0.01 per fully diluted share was reserved for in first quarter
2008 and the
remainder had been reserved for in prior periods.
In
September 2005, we were contacted by the staff of the Commission ("the Staff")
concerning the actions of two of the closed-end funds managed by the Adviser
relating to Section 19(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and Rule 19a-1
thereunder. These provisions require registered investment companies
to provide written statements to shareholders when a dividend is made from a
source other than from net investment income. The two closed-end
funds did send annual statements containing the information and IRS Form
1099-Div statements that identified the source of the shareholders’
distributions, but the funds did not send written statements to shareholders
with each distribution in 2002 and 2003 as required by Section 19(a) and Rule
19a-1. The closed-end funds changed their notification procedures,
and we believe that all of the funds have been in compliance since
2004.
In our
discussions, the Staff informed us that it had been investigating the actions of
the two closed-end funds, that it was requesting that the Adviser voluntarily
provide the Staff with information concerning the two closed-end funds, and that
at the end of its investigation the Staff might recommend to the Commission that
the Adviser be held accountable for any violation of Section 19(a) and Rule
19a-1 by the two closed-end funds. The Adviser has cooperated with
the Staff’s investigation by voluntarily providing documents and testimony
requested by the Staff, and the Adviser has made written submissions in its
defense. If the Commission authorizes the commencement of an
administrative proceeding against the Adviser, this proceeding could result in
sanctions, including a civil monetary penalty.
The
investment management industry is likely to continue facing a high level of
regulatory scrutiny and become subject to additional rules designed to increase
disclosure, tighten controls and reduce potential conflicts of
interest. In addition, the Commission has substantially increased its
use of focused inquiries in which it requests information from a number of fund
complexes regarding particular practices or provisions of the securities
laws. We participate in some of these inquiries in the normal course
of our business. Changes in laws, regulations and administrative
practices by regulatory authorities, and the associated compliance costs, have
increased our cost structure and could in the future have a material
impact.
15
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed
Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in Item 1 to
this report.
RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared To Three Months Ended March 31,
2007
(Unaudited; in thousands,
except per share data)
2007
|
2008
|
|||||||
Revenues
|
||||||||
Investment
advisory and incentive fees
|
$ | 56,560 | $ | 56,841 | ||||
Commission
revenue
|
4,020 | 3,256 | ||||||
Distribution
fees and other income
|
6,026 | 6,451 | ||||||
Total
revenues
|
66,606 | 66,548 | ||||||
Expenses
|
||||||||
Compensation
and related costs
|
28,374 | 28,847 | ||||||
Management
fee
|
3,401 | 1,981 | ||||||
Distribution
costs
|
5,886 | 6,409 | ||||||
Other
operating expenses
|
8,434 | 6,054 | ||||||
Total
expenses
|
46,095 | 43,291 | ||||||
Operating
income
|
20,511 | 23,257 | ||||||
Other
income (expense)
|
||||||||
Net
gain (loss) from investments
|
5,570 | (8,389 | ) | |||||
Interest
and dividend income
|
8,002 | 4,774 | ||||||
Interest
expense
|
(3,380 | ) | (2,067 | ) | ||||
Total
other income (expense), net
|
10,192 | (5,682 | ) | |||||
Income
before taxes and minority interest
|
30,703 | 17,575 | ||||||
Income
tax provision
|
11,207 | 7,326 | ||||||
Minority
interest
|
332 | (237 | ) | |||||
Net
income
|
$ | 19,164 | $ | 10,486 | ||||
Net
income per share:
|
||||||||
Basic
|
$ | 0.68 | $ | 0.37 | ||||
Diluted
|
$ | 0.67 | $ | 0.37 | ||||
Reconciliation
of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA:
|
||||||||
Net
income
|
$ | 19,164 | $ | 10,486 | ||||
Interest
Expense
|
3,380 | 2,067 | ||||||
Income
tax provision and minority interest
|
11,539 | 7,089 | ||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
307 | 229 | ||||||
Adjusted
EBITDA (a)
|
$ | 34,390 | $ | 19,871 | ||||
(a) Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and minority interest. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure and should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of performance as promulgated under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States nor should it be considered as an indicator of our overall financial performance. We use Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of performance as we believe it gives investors a more complete understanding of our operating results before the impact of financing activities as a tool for determining the private market value of an enterprise. |
Total
revenues were $66.5 million in the first quarter of 2008, slightly below the
$66.6 million reported in the first quarter of 2007. Operating income
was $23.3 million, an increase of $2.7 million or 13.4% from the $20.5 million
in the first quarter of 2007. Total
other (loss) income, net of interest expense, was ($5.7 million) for the first
quarter 2008 versus $10.2 million in the prior year’s quarter. In the
short-run, our results remain sensitive to changes in the equity
market. Net income for the quarter was $10.5 million or $0.37 per
fully diluted share versus $19.2 million or $0.67 per fully diluted share in the
prior year’s quarter.
Investment
advisory fees for the first quarter 2008 were $56.8 million, slightly above the
2007 comparative figure of $56.6 million. Our
closed-end funds revenues fell 2.3% to $11.5 million in the first quarter 2008
from $11.8 million in 2007 primarily due to decreased average AUM. Open-end
mutual funds revenues grew by 10.4% to $23.6 million from $21.4 million in first
quarter 2007 primarily due to higher average AUM. Institutional
and high net worth separate accounts revenues, whose revenues are based upon
prior quarter-end AUM, decreased 3.5% to $20.9 million from $21.6 million in
first quarter 2007 primarily due to lower performance related fees. Excluding
the effect of lower performance related fees of $1.3 million, revenues increased
2.7%. Investment
Partnership revenues declined $0.9 million or 54.9% below revenues of $1.7
million in 2007. This decline was primarily due to both decreased
incentive fees and AUM.
Commission
revenues from our institutional research affiliate, Gabelli & Company, Inc., were $3.3
million in the first quarter 2008, down 19.0% from the prior
year. The decrease was primarily due to a decline in share volume,
slightly offset by an increase in average revenue earned per share
traded.
Mutual
fund distribution fees and other income were $6.4 million for the first quarter
2008, an increase of $0.4 million, or 7.0%, from $6.0 million in first quarter
2007.
Total
expenses, excluding management fee, were $41.3 million in the first quarter of
2008, a 3.2% decrease from total expenses of $42.7 million in the first quarter
of 2007.
Compensation
and related prior year costs, which are largely variable, were $28.8 million or
1.7% higher than the $28.4 million recorded in the prior year
period. This increase was primarily due to restricted stock awards of
$1.2 million and higher Separate Accounts variable compensation of $0.6 million.
These increases were partially offset by a decrease in total partnership
compensation of $0.5 million.
Management
fee expense, which is totally variable and based on pretax income, declined $1.4
million to $2.0 million in the first quarter of 2008 versus $3.4 million in
the 2007 period.
Distribution
costs were $6.4 million, an increase of 8.9% from $5.9 million in the prior
year’s period.
Other
operating expenses decreased by $2.3 million to $6.1 million in the first
quarter of 2008 from the prior year first quarter of $8.4
million. Legal expenses in first quarter 2007 were $0.6 million,
while first quarter 2008 had a net recovery of $0.3 million from previously
expensed legal costs. First
quarter 2007 operating expenses included $0.7 million of one-time marketing and
sales promotion expenses relating to the launch of The Gabelli Global Deal
Fund.
Total
other (loss) income, net of interest expense, was ($5.7 million) for the first
quarter 2008 versus $10.2 million in the prior year’s quarter. $14.0 million of
this decline is from the effect of mark to market decline in equity instruments,
while interest income was lower by $1.9 million and dividend income was lower by
$1.3 million.
Interest
expense fell to $2.1 million for first quarter 2008 from $3.4 million for the
prior year quarter. This is due to the retirement of the Company's 5.22% senior
notes on February 17, 2007.
The
effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2008 was 41.7% compared
to the prior year period’s effective rate of 36.5%. $0.4 million of the income
tax expense in first quarter 2008 relates to the tax impact of a change in the
deductibility of a portion of the reserve for the Commission settlement, without
which our income tax rate for 2008 would have been 39.6%. The higher rate
reflects the regulatory charge as well as an increase in state and local
taxes.
Minority
interest decreased $0.6 million in 2008 from $0.3 million in 2007.
16
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our
principal assets consist of cash, short-term investments, securities held for
investment purposes and investments in mutual funds, and investment partnerships
and offshore funds, both proprietary and external. Short-term investments are
comprised primarily of United States treasury securities with maturities of less
than one year and money market funds managed by GAMCO. Although the
investment partnerships and offshore funds are for the most part illiquid, the
underlying investments of such partnerships or funds are for the most part
liquid, and the valuations of these products reflect that underlying
liquidity.
Summary
cash flow data is as follows:
Three Months Ended March
31,
|
||||||||
2007
|
2008
|
|||||||
Cash
flows (used in) provided by:
|
(in
thousands)
|
|||||||
Operating
activities
|
$ | 75,054 | $ | 123,566 | ||||
Investing
activities
|
(24,092 | ) | (391 | ) | ||||
Financing
activities
|
(85,194 | ) | (10,697 | ) | ||||
(Decrease) Increase
|
(34,232 | ) | 112,478 | |||||
Effect
of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
|
1 | (1 | ) | |||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
138,113 | 168,319 | ||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
$ | 103,882 | $ | 280,796 | ||||
Cash
requirements and liquidity needs have historically been met through cash
generated by operating activities and through our borrowing
capacity. We have received investment grade ratings from both Moody’s
Investors Services and Standard & Poor’s Rating Services. These
investment grade ratings expand our ability to attract both public and private
capital. Our shelf registrations provide us opportunistic
flexibility to sell any combination of senior and subordinate debt securities,
convertible debt securities, equity securities (including common and preferred
stock), and other securities up to a total amount of $520 million.
At March
31, 2008, we had total cash and cash equivalents of $280.8 million, an increase
of $112.5 million from December 31, 2007. Cash and cash equivalents
and investments in securities held by investment partnerships and offshore funds
consolidated under FIN 46R and EITF 04-5 are also restricted from use for
general operating purposes. Total debt outstanding at March 31, 2008 was $140.0
million, consisting of the $40 million 6% convertible note and $100 million of
5.5% non-callable senior notes due May 15, 2013. In February 2007,
the Company retired the $82.3 million in 5.22% Senior Notes due February 17,
2007 plus accrued interest from its cash and cash equivalents and investments.
This debt was originally issued in connection with GAMCO's sale of mandatory
convertible securities in February 2002 and was remarketed in November
2004.
For the
three months ended March 31, 2008, cash provided by operating activities was
$123.6 million principally resulting from $10.5 million in net income, proceeds
from sales of investments in securities of $164.8 million and a $22.6 million
decrease in receivable from brokers. This was partially offset by $109.2 million
in purchases of investments in securities, and a $5.2 million total decrease in
accrued expenses and other liabilities, deferred taxes and income taxes
payable.
Cash used
in investing activities, related to purchases and sales of available for sale
securities, was $0.4 million in the first three months of 2008.
Cash used
in financing activities in the first three months of 2008 was $10.7
million. The decrease in cash was primarily due to $11.7 million
in dividends paid and the repurchase of our class A common stock under the Stock
Repurchase Program.
Based
upon our current level of operations and anticipated growth, we expect that our
current cash balances plus cash flows from operating activities and our
borrowing capacity will be sufficient to finance our working capital needs for
the foreseeable future. We have no material commitments for capital
expenditures.
Gabelli
& Company, Inc., a subsidiary of GAMCO, is registered with the Securities
and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority (formerly the National Association of Securities
Dealers). As such, it is subject to the minimum net capital requirements
promulgated by the Commission. Gabelli & Company's net capital has
historically exceeded these minimum requirements. Gabelli & Company computes
its net capital under the alternative method permitted by the Commission, which
requires minimum net capital of the greater of $250,000 or 2% of the aggregate
debt items in the reserve formula for those broker-dealers subject to Rule
15c3-3. The requirement was $250,000 at March 31, 2008. At
March 31, 2008 Gabelli & Company had net capital, as defined, of
approximately $18.8 million, exceeding the regulatory requirement by
approximately $18.6 million. Gabelli & Company’s net capital, as
defined, may be reduced when Gabelli & Company is involved in firm
commitment underwriting activities. This did not occur as of or for
the three months ended March 31, 2008.
Market
Risk
Our
primary market risk exposure is to changes in equity prices and interest
rates. Since over 95% of our AUM are equities, our financial results
are subject to equity-market risk as revenues from our money management services
are sensitive to stock market dynamics. In addition, returns from our
proprietary investment portfolio are exposed to interest rate and equity market
risk.
We are
subject to potential losses from certain market risks as a result of absolute
and relative price movements in financial instruments due to changes in interest
rates, equity prices and other factors. Our exposure to market risk
is directly related to our role as financial intermediary, adviser and general
partner for assets under management in our mutual funds, institutional and
separate accounts business, investment partnerships and our proprietary
investment activities.
With
respect to our proprietary investment activities, included in investments in
securities of $325.4 million at March 31, 2008 were investments in Treasury
Bills and Notes of $80.6 million, mutual funds, largely invested in equity
products, of $134.9 million, a selection of common and preferred stocks totaling
$109.1 million, and other investments of approximately $0.8
million. Investments in mutual funds generally lower market risk
through the diversification of financial instruments within their
portfolio. In addition, we may alter our investment holdings from
time to time in response to changes in market risks and other factors considered
appropriate by management. Of the approximately $109.1 million
invested in common and preferred stocks at March 31, 2008, $44.6 million was
related to our investment in Westwood Holdings Group Inc., and $7.6 million was
invested in risk arbitrage opportunities in connection with mergers,
consolidations, acquisitions, tender offers or other similar transactions.
Securities sold, not yet purchased are financial instruments purchased under
agreements to resell and financial instruments sold under agreement to
repurchase. These financial instruments are stated at fair value and
are subject to market risks resulting from changes in price and volatility. At
March 31, 2008 and 2007, the market value of securities sold, not yet purchased
was $3.1 million and $15.9 million, respectively. Investments in partnerships
and affiliates totaled $85.6 million at March 31, 2008, the majority of which
consisted of investment partnerships and offshore funds which invest in risk
arbitrage opportunities. These transactions generally involve
announced deals with agreed upon terms and conditions, including pricing, which
typically involve less market risk than common stocks held in a trading
portfolio. The principal risk associated with risk arbitrage
transactions is the inability of the companies involved to complete the
transaction.
GAMCO’s
exposure to interest rate risk results, principally, from its investment of
excess cash in U.S. Government obligations. These investments are
primarily short term in nature, and the carrying value of these investments
generally approximates market value.
Our
revenues are largely driven by the market value of our assets under management
and are therefore exposed to fluctuations in market
prices. Investment advisory fees for mutual funds are based on
average daily asset values. Management fees earned on institutional
and high net worth separate accounts, for any given quarter, are generally
determined based on asset values on the last day of the preceding
quarter. Any significant increases or decreases in market value of
institutional and high net worth separate accounts assets managed which occur on
the last day of the quarter will generally result in a relative increase or
decrease in revenues for the following quarter.
17
Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates
In
September 2006, the FASB issued Statement 157, which defines fair
value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures
about fair value measurements. All
of the instruments within investments in securities and securities sold, not yet
purchased are measured at fair value.
The
Company’s assets and liabilities recorded at fair value have been categorized
based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with Statement 157. The
levels of the fair value hierarchy and their applicability to the Company are
described below:
-
|
Level
1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities.
|
-
|
Level
2 inputs utilize inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that
are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in
active markets and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for
the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are
observable at commonly-quoted
intervals.
|
-
|
Level
3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include
situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or
liability.
|
In
certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into
different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, per
Statement 157, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value
measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its
entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular
input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and
considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Recent Accounting Developments
In June
2007, the FASB issued Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") 06-11,
"Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment
Awards". The EITF release discusses how an entity should recognize the
income tax benefit received on dividends that are (a) paid to employees holding
equity-classified nonvested shares, equity-classified nonvested share units, or
equity-classified outstanding share options and (b) charged to retained earnings
under FAS 123(R).The release became relevant to the Company after the Board of
Directors authorized the issuance of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") (share
based payments) to Company employees in December 2007. Employees of the Company
who received shares in the 2007 granting of restricted stock awards will accrue
dividends during their vesting period and receive them only if their shares
vest. Thus, this EITF does not have an impact on the Company's financial
statements.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 160, "Noncontrolling
Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment of ARB No. 51"
("Statement 160") to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of
the financial information that a reporting entity with minority interests
provides in its consolidated financial statements. Statement 160 changes the way
the consolidated income statement is presented. It requires consolidated net
income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both
the parent and the noncontrolling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the
face of the consolidated statement of income, of the amounts of consolidated net
income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest. Statement
160 requires expanded disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that
clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent’s owners
and the interests of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. Statement 160
does not change the provisions of “Consolidated Financial Statements” ("ARB 51")
related to consolidation purpose or consolidation policy or the
requirement that a parent consolidate all entities in which it has a controlling
financial interest. Statement 160 does, however, amend certain of ARB 51’s
consolidation procedures to make them consistent with the requirements of FASB
Statement 141(R) "Business Combinations". It also amends ARB 51 to provide
definitions for certain terms and to clarify some terminology. Statement
160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal
years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited.
The Company plans to adopt this statement on January 1, 2009. Statement 160 will
impact the Company's financial statements presentation and disclosure
of minority interest.
In March 2008, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 161,"Disclosures about Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("Statement 161") to
improve financial reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities
by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand their
effects on an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash
flows. Statement 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal
years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early
application encouraged. The
Company is currently reviewing Statement 161 and its potential impact on the
Company’s financial statements. The Company plans to adopt Statement 161 on
January 1, 2009.
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative
Disclosures About Market Risk
In the
normal course of its business, GAMCO is exposed to risk of loss due to
fluctuations in the securities market and general economy. Management is
responsible for identifying, assessing and managing market and other
risks.
At
March 31, 2008, GAMCO was exposed to interest-rate risk as a result of
holding investments in money market funds ($276.2 million) and
United Stated Treasury Bills ($80.6 million). Management considered a
hypothetical one percent fluctuation in interest rates and determined that the
impact of such a fluctuation on these investments would have a $3.6 million
effect on GAMCO’s condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Our
exposure to pricing risk in equity securities is directly related to our role as
financial intermediary and advisor for AUM in our Mutual Funds, Separate
Accounts, and Investment Partnerships as well as our proprietary investment and
trading activities. At March 31, 2008, we had equity investments,
including mutual funds largely invested in equity products, of $244.8
million. Investments in mutual funds, $134.9 million, usually
generate lower market risk through the diversification of financial instruments
within their portfolios. In addition, we may alter our investment
holdings from time to time in response to changes in market risks and other
factors considered appropriate by management. We also hold
investments in partnerships and affiliates which invest primarily in equity
securities and which are subject to changes in equity
prices. Investments in partnerships and affiliates totaled $85.6
million, of which $20.3 million were invested in partnerships and affiliates
which invest in event-driven merger arbitrage strategies. These
strategies are primarily dependent upon deal closure rather than the overall
market environment.
The
following table provides a sensitivity analysis for our investments in equity
securities and partnerships and affiliates which invest primarily in equity
securities, excluding arbitrage products for which the principal exposure is to
deal closure and not overall market conditions, as of March 31,
2008. The sensitivity analysis assumes a 10% increase or decrease in
the value of these investments (in millions):
Fair
Value
|
Fair
Value assuming 10% decrease in equity prices
|
Fair
Value assuming 10% increase in equity prices
|
||||||||||
At March 31, 2008: | ||||||||||||
Equity price sensitive investments, at fair value | $ |
302.5
|
$ | 272.2 | $ | 332.8 |
The $30.3
million fair value sensitivity would, in turn, yield an increase or
decrease to equity of $17.5 million, net of management fee and tax, split
between net income and comprehensive income. Specifically, this would
impact net income for the proportion of our investments exposed to market risk
which are classifed as trading investments (approximately 58% at March 31,
2008) and would impact comprehensive income, within stockholders' equity,
for the proportion of these which are classified as securities available for
sale (approximately 42% at March 31, 2008).
Item
4. Controls and Procedures
We
evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of
March 31, 2008. Disclosure controls and procedures as defined under the
Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), are designed to ensure that the
information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
the time period specified in the SEC’s rule and forms. Disclosure controls and
procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”)
and Acting co-Chief Financial Officers (“CFOs”), to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure. Our CEO and CFOs participated in this evaluation
and concluded that, as of the date of their evaluation, our disclosure controls
and procedures were effective.
There
have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined
by Rule 13a-15(f) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal
quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
18
Forward-Looking
Information
Our
disclosure and analysis in this report contain some forward-looking
statements. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations
or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements because they do
not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as
“anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” and
other words and terms of similar meaning. They also appear in any discussion of
future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include
statements relating to future actions, future performance of our products,
expenses, the outcome of any legal proceedings, and financial
results. Although we believe that we are basing our expectations and
beliefs on reasonable assumptions within the bounds of what we currently know
about our business and operations, there can be no assurance that our actual
results will not differ materially from what we expect or believe. Some of the
factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our expectations or
beliefs include, without limitation: the adverse effect from a decline in the
securities markets; a decline in the performance of our products; a general
downturn in the economy; changes in government policy or regulation; changes in
our ability to attract or retain key employees; and unforeseen costs and other
effects related to legal proceedings or investigations of governmental and
self-regulatory organizations. We also direct your attention to any more
specific discussions of risk contained in our Form 10-Q and other public
filings. We are providing these statements as permitted by the
Private Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We do not undertake to update publicly
any forward-looking statements if we subsequently learn that we are unlikely to
achieve our expectations or if we receive any additional information relating to
the subject matters of our forward-looking statements.
Part
II: Other Information
Item
2. Changes
in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
The
following table provides information with respect to the shares of GAMCO common
stock we repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2008:
Period
|
(a)
Total Number of Shares Repurchased
|
(b)
Average Price Paid Per Share, net of Commissions
|
(c)
Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or
Programs
|
(d)
Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or
Programs
|
|||
1/01/08
– 1/31/08
|
-
|
n/a
|
-
|
861,361
|
|
||
2/01/08
– 2/29/08
|
-
|
n/a
|
-
|
861,361
|
|||
3/01/08
– 3/31/08
|
208,589
|
$51.83
|
208,589
|
652,772
|
|||
Totals
|
208,589 |
208,589
|
|||||
Item
6. (a) Exhibits
31.1
|
--
|
Certification
of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
|
31.2
|
--
|
Certification
of Acting co-CFO pursuant to Rule
13a-14(a).
|
31.3
|
--
|
Certification
of Acting co-CFO pursuant to Rule
13a-14(a).
|
32.1
|
--
|
Certification
of CEO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
32.2
|
--
|
Certification
of Acting co-CFOs pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of
2002.
|
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto
duly authorized.
GAMCO
INVESTORS, INC.
(Registrant)
By:/s/ Kieran
Caterina
|
By:/s/ Diane
M. LaPointe
|
Name: Kieran
Caterina
|
Name: Diane
M. LaPointe
|
Title:
Acting Co-Chief Financial Officer
|
Title:
Acting Co-Chief Financial Officer
|
Date: May 12, 2008 | Date: May 12, 2008 |
19