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GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP - Quarter Report: 2023 October (Form 10-Q)



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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
[☑] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended October 1, 2023
OR
[☐] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number 1-3671
    
GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
13-1673581
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organizationI.R.S. Employer Identification No.
11011 Sunset Hills RoadReston,Virginia20190
Address of principal executive officesZip code
(703) 876-3000
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common StockGDNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ü No ___
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ü No ___
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ü Accelerated filer ___ Non-accelerated filer ___
Smaller reporting company___☐ Emerging growth company___☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ___
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes___☐ No ü
272,896,860 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $1 par value per share, were outstanding on October 1, 2023.



INDEX

PART I -PAGE
Item 1 -

Item 2 -
Item 3 -
Item 4 -
PART II -
Item 1 -
Item 1A -
Item 2 -
Item 5 -
Item 6 -
    
        
2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended
(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts)October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Revenue:
Products$6,163 $5,935 
Services4,408 4,040 
10,571 9,975 
Operating costs and expenses:
Products(5,148)(4,905)
Services(3,765)(3,405)
General and administrative (G&A)(601)(567)
(9,514)(8,877)
Operating earnings1,057 1,098 
Other, net19 41 
Interest, net(85)(86)
Earnings before income tax991 1,053 
Provision for income tax, net(155)(151)
Net earnings$836 $902 
Earnings per share
Basic$3.07 $3.29 
Diluted$3.04 $3.26 
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
3

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts)October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Revenue:
Products$17,473 $16,201 
Services13,131 12,355 
30,604 28,556 
Operating costs and expenses:
Products(14,704)(13,386)
Services(11,151)(10,379)
G&A(1,792)(1,807)
(27,647)(25,572)
Operating earnings2,957 2,984 
Other, net65 120 
Interest, net(265)(279)
Earnings before income tax2,757 2,825 
Provision for income tax, net(447)(427)
Net earnings$2,310 $2,398 
Earnings per share
Basic$8.45 $8.70 
Diluted$8.39 $8.61 
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

4

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)October 1, 2023October 2, 2022October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Net earnings$836 $902 $2,310 $2,398 
Changes in unrealized cash flow hedges(14)(67)(33)(223)
Foreign currency translation adjustments(128)(311)63 (500)
Changes in retirement plans’ funded status169 45 526 134 
Other comprehensive income (loss), pretax27 (333)556 (589)
(Provision) benefit for income tax, net(30)8 (102)31 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(3)(325)454 (558)
Comprehensive income$833 $577 $2,764 $1,840 
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

5

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents$1,352 $1,242 
Accounts receivable3,132 3,008 
Unbilled receivables8,453 8,795 
Inventories8,282 6,322 
Other current assets1,560 1,696 
Total current assets22,779 21,063 
Noncurrent assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net6,013 5,900 
Intangible assets, net1,681 1,824 
Goodwill20,386 20,334 
Other assets2,666 2,464 
Total noncurrent assets30,746 30,522 
Total assets$53,525 $51,585 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt$7 $1,253 
Accounts payable3,315 3,398 
Customer advances and deposits9,351 7,436 
Other current liabilities3,289 3,254 
Total current liabilities15,962 15,341 
Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt9,248 9,243 
Other liabilities8,358 8,433 
Commitments and contingencies (see Note J)
Total noncurrent liabilities17,606 17,676 
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock482 482 
Surplus3,671 3,556 
Retained earnings38,626 37,403 
Treasury stock(21,124)(20,721)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(1,698)(2,152)
Total shareholders’ equity19,957 18,568 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$53,525 $51,585 
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
6

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities – continuing operations:
Net earnings$2,310 $2,398 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment446 420 
Amortization of intangible and finance lease right-of-use assets195 224 
Equity-based compensation expense136 140 
Deferred income tax benefit(158)(132)
(Increase) decrease in assets, net of effects of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable(89)259 
Unbilled receivables448 422 
Inventories(1,904)(915)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:
Accounts payable(83)(68)
Customer advances and deposits2,171 1,598 
Other, net42 (436)
Net cash provided by operating activities 3,514 3,910 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures(600)(620)
Other, net(8)(378)
Net cash used by investing activities(608)(998)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of fixed-rate notes(1,250)— 
Dividends paid(1,068)(1,024)
Purchases of common stock(434)(1,119)
Other, net(40)103 
Net cash used by financing activities(2,792)(2,040)
Net cash (used) provided by discontinued operations(4)21 
Net increase in cash and equivalents110 893 
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period1,242 1,603 
Cash and equivalents at end of period$1,352 $2,496 
Supplemental cash flow information:
Income tax payments, net$(493)$(767)
Interest payments$(224)$(206)
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

7

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended
 Common StockRetainedTreasuryAccumulated
Other 
Comprehensive		Total
Shareholders’
(Dollars in millions)ParSurplusEarningsStockLossEquity
July 2, 2023$482 $3,614 $38,154 $(21,077)$(1,695)$19,478 
Net earnings— — 836 — — 836 
Cash dividends declared— — (364)— — (364)
Equity-based awards— 57 — 9 — 66 
Shares purchased— — — (56)— (56)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (3)(3)
October 1, 2023$482 $3,671 $38,626 $(21,124)$(1,698)$19,957 
July 3, 2022$482 $3,466 $36,218 $(20,632)$(2,153)$17,381 
Net earnings— — 902 — — 902 
Cash dividends declared— — (346)— — (346)
Equity-based awards— 45 — (6)— 39 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (325)(325)
October 2, 2022$482 $3,511 $36,774 $(20,638)$(2,478)$17,651 
Nine Months Ended
Common StockRetainedTreasuryAccumulated
Other 
Comprehensive		Total
Shareholders’
(Dollars in millions)ParSurplusEarningsStockLossEquity
December 31, 2022$482 $3,556 $37,403 $(20,721)$(2,152)$18,568 
Net earnings— — 2,310 — — 2,310 
Cash dividends declared— — (1,087)— — (1,087)
Equity-based awards— 115 — 31 — 146 
Shares purchased— — — (434)— (434)
Other comprehensive income— — — — 454 454 
October 1, 2023$482 $3,671 $38,626 $(21,124)$(1,698)$19,957 
December 31, 2021$482 $3,278 $35,420 $(19,619)$(1,920)$17,641 
Net earnings— — 2,398 — — 2,398 
Cash dividends declared— — (1,044)— — (1,044)
Equity-based awards— 233 — 78 — 311 
Shares purchased— — — (1,097)— (1,097)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — (558)(558)
October 2, 2022$482 $3,511 $36,774 $(20,638)$(2,478)$17,651 
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
8

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in millions, except share and per-share amounts or unless otherwise noted)

A. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General Dynamics is a global aerospace and defense company that offers a broad portfolio of products and services in business aviation; ship construction and repair; land combat vehicles, weapons systems and munitions; and technology products and services.
The following is a discussion of certain significant accounting policies, and further discussion is contained in other notes to these financial statements.
Basis of Consolidation and Classification. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of General Dynamics Corporation and our wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. We eliminate all intercompany balances and transactions in the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consistent with industry practice, we classify assets and liabilities related to long-term contracts as current, even though some of these amounts may not be realized within one year.
Interim Financial Statements. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These rules and regulations permit some of the information and footnote disclosures included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to be condensed or omitted.
Our fiscal quarters are typically 13 weeks in length. Because our fiscal year ends on December 31, the number of days in our first and fourth quarters varies slightly from year to year. Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations and financial condition for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and October 2, 2022.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net. Property, plant and equipment (PP&E) is carried at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Net PP&E consisted of the following:
October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
PP&E$12,745 $12,292 
Accumulated depreciation(6,732)(6,392)
PP&E, net$6,013 $5,900 
Accounting Standards Updates. There are accounting standards that have been issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) but are not yet effective. These standards are not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
9


B. REVENUE
Performance Obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account for revenue. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation within that contract and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct. Some of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple phases of the product life cycle (development, production, maintenance and support). For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service.
Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract.
Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for 79% and 80% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and 75% and 78% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2022, respectively. Substantially all of our revenue in the defense segments is recognized over time because control is transferred continuously to our customers. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead and, when appropriate, G&A expenses.
Revenue from goods and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for 21% and 20% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and 25% and 22% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2022, respectively. Most of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the manufacture of business jet aircraft in our Aerospace segment. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer of the fully outfitted aircraft.
On October 1, 2023, we had $95.6 billion of remaining performance obligations, which we also refer to as total backlog. We expect to recognize approximately 45% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue by year-end 2024, an additional 35% by year-end 2026 and the balance thereafter.
Contract Estimates. The majority of our revenue is derived from long-term contracts and programs that can span several years. Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract.
10

Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.
The nature of our contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including claims, award fees and incentive fees. We include in our contract estimates additional revenue for contract modifications or claims against the customer when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. In evaluating these criteria, we consider the contractual/legal basis for the claim, the cause of any additional costs incurred, the reasonableness of those costs and the objective evidence available to support the claim. We include award fees or incentive fees in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and our best judgment at the time.
As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the period it is identified.
The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates increased our revenue, operating earnings and diluted earnings per share as follows:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
October 1, 2023October 2, 2022October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Revenue$27 $67 $179 $286 
Operating earnings11 115 98 321 
Diluted earnings per share$0.03 $0.33 $0.28 $0.91 
While no adjustment on any one contract was material to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, or October 2, 2022, our Marine Systems segment’s 2023 results were affected negatively by supply chain impacts to the Virginia-class submarine schedule and cost growth on the Arleigh Burke-class (DDG-51) guided-missile destroyer program, offset partially by improved performance on the John Lewis-class (T-AO-205) fleet replenishment oiler program.
Our Virginia-class submarine contracts include provisions for various equitable adjustments, which is a process for obtaining contract modifications (see discussion above on variable consideration). We have included in our contract estimates additional revenue on the Virginia-class contract for the estimated value of these adjustments. It is reasonably possible that the actual amount sustained in this process could be less than our estimate, which could have a material unfavorable impact on our results of operations.
11

Revenue by Category. Our portfolio of products and services consists of approximately 10,000 active contracts. The following series of tables presents our revenue disaggregated by several categories.
Revenue by major products and services was as follows:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
October 1, 2023October 2, 2022October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Aircraft manufacturing$1,348 $1,712 $3,715 $4,086 
Aircraft services684 635 2,162 2,031 
Total Aerospace2,032 2,347 5,877 6,117 
Nuclear-powered submarines2,027 1,785 6,186 5,257 
Surface ships697 701 2,016 1,905 
Repair and other services278 283 851 909 
Total Marine Systems3,002 2,769 9,053 8,071 
Military vehicles1,280 1,134 3,707 3,313 
Weapons systems, armament and munitions739 480 1,650 1,314 
Engineering and other services205 174 547 502 
Total Combat Systems2,224 1,788 5,904 5,129 
Information technology (IT) services2,149 2,038 6,445 6,188 
C5ISR* solutions1,164 1,033 3,325 3,051 
Total Technologies3,313 3,071 9,770 9,239 
Total revenue$10,571 $9,975 $30,604 $28,556 
*Command, control, communications, computers, cyber, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance














12

Revenue by contract type was as follows:
Three Months Ended October 1, 2023AerospaceMarine SystemsCombat SystemsTechnologiesTotal
Revenue
Fixed-price$1,816 $1,513 $1,992 $1,428 $6,749 
Cost-reimbursement— 1,489 220 1,408 3,117 
Time-and-materials216 — 12 477 705 
Total revenue$2,032 $3,002 $2,224 $3,313 $10,571 
Three Months Ended October 2, 2022
Fixed-price$2,127 $1,670 $1,575 $1,315 $6,687 
Cost-reimbursement— 1,099 199 1,272 2,570 
Time-and-materials220 — 14 484 718 
Total revenue$2,347 $2,769 $1,788 $3,071 $9,975 
Nine Months Ended October 1, 2023AerospaceMarine SystemsCombat SystemsTechnologiesTotal
Revenue
Fixed-price$5,145 $4,687 $5,204 $4,255 $19,291 
Cost-reimbursement— 4,365 651 4,118 9,134 
Time-and-materials732 1 49 1,397 2,179 
Total revenue$5,877 $9,053 $5,904 $9,770 $30,604 
Nine Months Ended October 2, 2022
Fixed-price$5,414 $4,880 $4,481 $3,939 $18,714 
Cost-reimbursement— 3,191 607 3,856 7,654 
Time-and-materials703 — 41 1,444 2,188 
Total revenue$6,117 $8,071 $5,129 $9,239 $28,556 
Our segments operate under fixed-price, cost-reimbursement and time-and-materials contracts. Our production contracts are primarily fixed-price. Under these contracts, we agree to perform a specific scope of work for a fixed amount. Contracts for research, engineering, repair and maintenance, and other services are typically cost-reimbursement or time-and-materials. Under cost-reimbursement contracts, the customer reimburses contract costs incurred and pays a fixed, incentive or award-based fee. The amount for an incentive or award fee is determined by our ability to achieve targets set in the contract, such as cost, quality, schedule and performance. Under time-and-materials contracts, the customer pays a fixed hourly rate for direct labor and generally reimburses us for the cost of materials.
Each of these contract types presents advantages and disadvantages. Typically, we assume more risk with fixed-price contracts. However, these types of contracts offer additional profits when we complete the work for less than originally estimated. Cost-reimbursement contracts generally subject us to lower risk. Accordingly, the associated base fees are usually lower than fees earned on fixed-price contracts. Under time-and-materials contracts, our profit may vary if actual labor-hour rates vary significantly from the negotiated rates. Also, because these contracts may provide little or no fee for managing material costs, the content mix can impact profitability.
13

Revenue by customer was as follows:
Three Months Ended October 1, 2023AerospaceMarine SystemsCombat SystemsTechnologiesTotal
Revenue
U.S. government:
Department of Defense (DoD)$46 $2,970 $1,309 $1,914 $6,239 
Non-DoD— 1 3 1,212 1,216 
Foreign military sales (FMS)14 31 143 14 202 
Total U.S. government60 3,002 1,455 3,140 7,657 
U.S. commercial1,375 — 53 49 1,477 
Non-U.S. government67 — 692 105 864 
Non-U.S. commercial530 — 24 19 573 
Total revenue$2,032 $3,002 $2,224 $3,313 $10,571 
Three Months Ended October 2, 2022
U.S. government:
DoD$61 $2,723 $1,029 $1,716 $5,529 
Non-DoD— — 2 1,182 1,184 
FMS20 45 82 7 154 
Total U.S. government81 2,768 1,113 2,905 6,867 
U.S. commercial1,418 1 62 56 1,537 
Non-U.S. government123 — 592 95 810 
Non-U.S. commercial725 — 21 15 761 
Total revenue$2,347 $2,769 $1,788 $3,071 $9,975 
Nine Months Ended October 1, 2023AerospaceMarine SystemsCombat SystemsTechnologiesTotal
Revenue
U.S. government:
DoD$241 $8,948 $3,184 $5,654 $18,027 
Non-DoD— 2 8 3,582 3,592 
FMS53 101 435 33 622 
Total U.S. government294 9,051 3,627 9,269 22,241 
U.S. commercial3,558 1 159 151 3,869 
Non-U.S. government317 1 2,044 297 2,659 
Non-U.S. commercial1,708 — 74 53 1,835 
Total revenue$5,877 $9,053 $5,904 $9,770 $30,604 
Nine Months Ended October 2, 2022
U.S. government:
DoD$221 $7,948 $2,824 $5,134 $16,127 
Non-DoD— 1 7 3,603 3,611 
FMS102 118 201 23 444 
Total U.S. government323 8,067 3,032 8,760 20,182 
U.S. commercial3,616 2 167 159 3,944 
Non-U.S. government422 2 1,867 290 2,581 
Non-U.S. commercial1,756 — 63 30 1,849 
Total revenue$6,117 $8,071 $5,129 $9,239 $28,556 
14

Contract Balances. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In our defense segments, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we sometimes receive advances or deposits from our customers, particularly on our international contracts, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In our Aerospace segment, we generally receive deposits from customers upon contract execution and upon achievement of contractual milestones. These deposits are liquidated when revenue is recognized. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the nine-month period ended October 1, 2023, were not materially impacted by any other factors.
Revenue recognized for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and October 2, 2022, that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each year was $869 and $3.5 billion, and $908 and $3.5 billion, respectively. This revenue represented primarily the sale of business jet aircraft.

C. EARNINGS PER SHARE
We compute basic earnings per share (EPS) using net earnings for the period and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Basic weighted average shares outstanding have decreased in 2023 and 2022 due to share repurchases. See Note K for further discussion of our share repurchases. Diluted EPS incorporates the additional shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options and the release of restricted stock and restricted stock units (RSUs).
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
October 1, 2023October 2, 2022October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Basic weighted average shares outstanding272,585 273,916 273,242 275,752 
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock/RSUs*2,160 2,466 2,204 2,615 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding274,745 276,382 275,446 278,367 
*    Excludes outstanding options to purchase shares of common stock that had exercise prices in excess of the average market price of our common stock during the period and, therefore, the effect of including these options would be antidilutive. These options totaled 4,464 and 4,101 for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and 1,724 and 1,393 for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2022, respectively.

D. INCOME TAXES
Net Deferred Tax Liability. Our deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in other noncurrent assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Our net deferred tax liability consisted of the following:
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October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
Deferred tax asset$45 $39 
Deferred tax liability(633)(685)
Net deferred tax liability$(588)$(646)
Tax Uncertainties. We participate in the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Compliance Assurance Process (CAP), a real-time audit of our consolidated federal corporate income tax return. The IRS has examined our consolidated federal income tax returns through 2022.
For all periods open to examination by tax authorities, we periodically assess our liabilities and contingencies based on the latest available information. Where we believe there is more than a 50% chance that our tax position will not be sustained, we record our best estimate of the resulting tax liability, including interest, in the Consolidated Financial Statements. We include any interest or penalties incurred in connection with income taxes as part of income tax expense.
Based on all known facts and circumstances and applicable tax law, we believe the total amount of any unrecognized tax benefits on October 1, 2023, was not material to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. In addition, there are no tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the unrecognized tax benefits will vary significantly over the next 12 months, producing, individually or in the aggregate, a material effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

E. UNBILLED RECEIVABLES
Unbilled receivables represent revenue recognized on long-term contracts (contract costs and estimated profits) less associated advances and progress billings. These amounts will be billed in accordance with the agreed-upon contractual terms. Unbilled receivables consisted of the following:
October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
Unbilled revenue$40,973 $39,482 
Advances and progress billings(32,520)(30,687)
Net unbilled receivables$8,453 $8,795 
On October 1, 2023, and December 31, 2022, net unbilled receivables included $1.3 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, associated with a large international tracked vehicle contract in our Combat Systems segment. The contract, signed in 2010, had been experiencing an unbilled receivable build-up since 2021. Based on ongoing discussions with the customer and continued successful program activity, the customer resumed payments on the contract in the first quarter of 2023.

F. INVENTORIES
The majority of our inventories are for business jet aircraft. Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Work in process represents largely labor, material and overhead costs associated with aircraft in the manufacturing process and is based primarily on the estimated average unit cost in a production lot. Substantially all of our raw materials are valued on either the average cost or the first-in, first-out method. We record pre-owned aircraft acquired in connection with the sale of new aircraft at the lower of the trade-in value or the estimated net realizable value.
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Inventories consisted of the following:
October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
Work in process$5,714 $4,182 
Raw materials2,491 2,072 
Finished goods39 17 
Pre-owned aircraft38 51 
Total inventories$8,282 $6,322 
The increase in total inventories during the nine-month period ended October 1, 2023, was due primarily to the ramp-up in production of new Gulfstream aircraft models, including the G700 in anticipation of its certification from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in the fourth quarter of 2023, as well as increased production of in-service aircraft reflecting strong customer demand. Customer deposits associated with firm orders for these aircraft, which are reflected in customer advances and deposits and other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, have correspondingly increased.
G. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting unit were as follows:
AerospaceMarine SystemsCombat SystemsTechnologiesTotal
Goodwill
December 31, 2022 (a)
$3,019 $297 $2,766 $14,252 $20,334 
Acquisitions (b)— — — 16 16 
Other (c)25 — 9 2 36 
October 1, 2023 (a)
$3,044 $297 $2,775 $14,270 $20,386 
(a)Goodwill in the Technologies reporting unit was net of $1.8 billion of accumulated impairment losses.
(b)Included adjustments during the purchase price allocation period.
(c)Consisted primarily of adjustments for foreign currency translation.
Intangible Assets. Intangible assets consisted of the following:
Gross Carrying Amount (a)Accumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying Amount (a)Accumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
Contract and program intangible assets (b)$3,246 $(1,818)$1,428 $3,247 $(1,688)$1,559 
Trade names and trademarks503 (264)239 496 (248)248 
Technology and software64 (50)14 64 (48)16 
Other intangible assets64 (64)— 64 (63)1 
Total intangible assets$3,877 $(2,196)$1,681 $3,871 $(2,047)$1,824 
(a)Changes in gross carrying amounts consisted primarily of adjustments for foreign currency translation.
(b)Consisted of acquired backlog and probable follow-on work and associated customer relationships.
Amortization expense is included in operating costs and expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $47 and $147 for the three- and nine-month
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periods ended October 1, 2023, and $53 and $152 for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2022, respectively.

H. DEBT
Debt consisted of the following:
October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
Fixed-rate notes due:Interest rate:
May 20233.375%$— $750 
August 20231.875%— 500 
November 20242.375%500 500 
April 20253.250%750 750 
May 20253.500%750 750 
June 20261.150%500 500 
August 20262.125%500 500 
April 20273.500%750 750 
November 20272.625%500 500 
May 20283.750%1,000 1,000 
April 20303.625%1,000 1,000 
June 20312.250%500 500 
April 20404.250%750 750 
June 20412.850%500 500 
November 20423.600%500 500 
April 20504.250%750 750 
OtherVarious87 90 
Total debt principal9,337 10,590 
Less unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts82 94 
Total debt9,255 10,496 
Less current portion7 1,253 
Long-term debt$9,248 $9,243 
In May and August of 2023, we repaid fixed-rate notes of $750 and $500, respectively, at their respective scheduled maturities using cash on hand. On October 1, 2023, we had no commercial paper outstanding, but we maintain the ability to access the commercial paper market in the future. Separately, we have a $4 billion committed bank credit facility for general corporate purposes and working capital needs and to support our commercial paper issuances. This credit facility expires in March 2027. We may renew or replace this credit facility in whole or in part at or prior to its expiration date. We also have an effective shelf registration on file with the SEC that allows us to access the debt markets.
Our financing arrangements contain a number of customary covenants and restrictions. We were in compliance with all covenants and restrictions on October 1, 2023.

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I. OTHER LIABILITIES
A summary of significant other liabilities by balance sheet caption follows:
October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
Salaries and wages$1,118 $1,116 
Dividends payable362 347 
Lease liabilities312 288 
Workers’ compensation245 215 
Other1,252 1,288 
Total other current liabilities$3,289 $3,254 
Customer deposits on commercial contracts$2,545 $2,175 
Retirement benefits2,294 2,453 
Lease liabilities1,430 1,330 
Other2,089 2,475 
Total other liabilities$8,358 $8,433 

J. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
In 2015, Electric Boat Corporation, a subsidiary of General Dynamics Corporation, received a civil investigative demand from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding an investigation of potential False Claims Act violations relating to alleged failures of Electric Boat’s quality system with respect to allegedly non-conforming parts purchased from a supplier. In 2016, Electric Boat was made aware that it is a defendant in a lawsuit related to this matter which had been filed under seal in U.S. district court. Also in 2016, the Suspending and Debarring Official for the U.S. Department of the Navy issued a show cause letter to Electric Boat requesting that Electric Boat respond to the official’s concerns regarding Electric Boat’s oversight and management with respect to its quality assurance systems for subcontractors and suppliers. Electric Boat responded to the show cause letter and engaged in discussions with the U.S. government.
In the third quarter of 2019, the Department of Justice declined to intervene in the qui tam action, noting that its investigation continues, and the court unsealed the relator’s complaint. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the relator filed a second amended complaint. In the third quarter of 2021, the court dismissed the relator’s complaint with prejudice. The relator appealed the dismissal of the complaint to the United States Court of Appeals. In the third quarter of 2023, the Court of Appeals affirmed dismissal of the relator’s complaint with prejudice. The relator thereafter filed a petition for rehearing with the Court of Appeals. Given the current status of these matters, we are unable to express a view regarding the ultimate outcome or, if the outcome is adverse, to estimate an amount or range of reasonably possible loss. Depending on the outcome of these matters, there could be a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Additionally, various other claims and legal proceedings incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened against us. These other matters relate to such issues as government investigations and claims, the protection of the environment, asbestos-related claims and employee-related matters. The nature of litigation is such that we cannot predict the outcome of these other matters. However, based on information currently available, we believe any potential liabilities in these
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other proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Environmental
We are subject to and affected by a variety of federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations. We are directly or indirectly involved in environmental investigations or remediation at some of our current and former facilities and third-party sites that we do not own but where we have been designated a potentially responsible party (PRP) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or a state environmental agency. Based on historical experience, we expect that a significant percentage of the total remediation and compliance costs associated with these facilities will continue to be allowable contract costs and, therefore, recoverable under U.S. government contracts.
As required, we provide financial assurance for certain sites undergoing or subject to investigation or remediation. We accrue environmental costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Where applicable, we seek insurance recovery for costs related to environmental liabilities. We do not record insurance recoveries before collection is considered probable. Based on all known facts and analyses, we do not believe that our liability at any individual site, or in the aggregate, arising from such environmental conditions will be material to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. We also do not believe that the range of reasonably possible additional loss beyond what has been recorded would be material to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Other
Government Contracts. As a government contractor, we are subject to U.S. government audits and investigations relating to our operations, including claims for fines, penalties, and compensatory and treble damages. We believe the outcome of such ongoing government audits and investigations will not have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
In the performance of our contracts, we routinely request contract modifications that require additional funding from the customer. Most often, these requests are due to customer-directed changes in the scope of work. While we are entitled to recovery of these costs under our contracts, the administrative process with our customer may be protracted. Based on the circumstances, we periodically file requests for equitable adjustment (REAs) that are sometimes converted into claims. In some cases, these requests are disputed by our customer. We believe our outstanding modifications, REAs and other claims will be resolved without material impact to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Letters of Credit and Guarantees. In the ordinary course of business, we have entered into letters of credit, bank guarantees, surety bonds and other similar arrangements with financial institutions and insurance carriers totaling approximately $1.3 billion on October 1, 2023. In addition, from time to time and in the ordinary course of business, we contractually guarantee the payment or performance of our subsidiaries arising under certain contracts.
Aircraft Trade-ins. In connection with orders for new aircraft in contract backlog, some Gulfstream customers hold options to trade in aircraft as partial consideration in their new-aircraft transaction. These trade-in commitments are generally structured to establish the fair market value of the trade-in aircraft at a date generally 45 or fewer days preceding delivery of the new aircraft to the customer. At that time, the customer is required to either exercise the option or allow its expiration. Other trade-in commitments are structured to guarantee a predetermined trade-in value. These commitments present more risk in the event of an adverse change in market conditions. In either case, any excess of the preestablished trade-in
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price above the fair market value at the time the new aircraft is delivered is treated as a reduction of revenue in the new-aircraft sales transaction. As of October 1, 2023, the estimated change in fair market values from the date of the commitments was not material.
Product Warranties. We provide warranties to our customers associated with certain product sales. We record estimated warranty costs in the period in which the related products are delivered. The warranty liability recorded at each balance sheet date is based generally on the number of months of warranty coverage remaining for the products delivered and the average historical monthly warranty payments. Warranty obligations incurred in connection with long-term production contracts are accounted for within the contract estimates at completion. Our other warranty obligations, primarily for business jet aircraft, are included in other current and noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The changes in the carrying amount of warranty liabilities for the nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and October 2, 2022, were as follows:
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Beginning balance$603 $641 
Warranty expense57 67 
Payments(74)(84)
Adjustments5 (21)
Ending balance$591 $603 

K. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Share Repurchases. Our board of directors (Board), from time to time, authorizes management to repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock on the open market. In the nine-month period ended October 1, 2023, we repurchased 2 million of our outstanding shares for $434. On October 1, 2023, 4.7 million shares remained authorized by our Board for repurchase, representing 1.7% of our total shares outstanding. We repurchased 4.9 million shares for $1.1 billion in the nine-month period ended October 2, 2022.
Dividends per Share. Our Board declared dividends per share of $1.32 and $3.96 for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and $1.26 and $3.78 for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2022, respectively. We paid cash dividends of $363 and $1.1 billion for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and $345 and $1 billion for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2022, respectively.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. The changes, pretax and net of tax, in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL) consisted of the following:
Changes in Unrealized Cash Flow HedgesForeign Currency Translation AdjustmentsChanges in Retirement Plans’ Funded StatusAOCL
December 31, 2022$4 $260 $(2,416)$(2,152)
Other comprehensive income, pretax(33)63 526 556 
Provision for income tax, net8 — (110)(102)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax(25)63 416 454 
October 1, 2023$(21)$323 $(2,000)$(1,698)
December 31, 2021$144 $538 $(2,602)$(1,920)
Other comprehensive loss, pretax(223)(500)134 (589)
Benefit for income tax, net59 — (28)31 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(164)(500)106 (558)
October 2, 2022$(20)$38 $(2,496)$(2,478)
Amounts reclassified out of AOCL related primarily to changes in our retirement plans’ funded status and included pretax recognized net actuarial losses and amortization of prior service credit. See Note O for these amounts, which are included in our net periodic pension and other post-retirement benefit cost (credit).

L. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We have four operating segments: Aerospace, Marine Systems, Combat Systems and Technologies. We organize our segments in accordance with the nature of products and services offered. We measure each segment’s profitability based on operating earnings. As a result, we do not allocate net interest, other income and expense items, and income taxes to our segments.
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Summary financial information for each of our segments follows:
Revenue (a)Operating Earnings
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Aerospace$2,032 $2,347 $268 $312 
Marine Systems3,002 2,769 211 238 
Combat Systems2,224 1,788 300 271 
Technologies3,313 3,071 315 285 
Corporate (b)— — (37)(8)
Total$10,571 $9,975 $1,057 $1,098 
Nine Months Ended
Aerospace$5,877 $6,117 $733 $793 
Marine Systems9,053 8,071 657 660 
Combat Systems5,904 5,129 796 743 
Technologies9,770 9,239 897 887 
Corporate (b)— — (126)(99)
Total$30,604 $28,556 $2,957 $2,984 
(a)See Note B for additional revenue information by segment.
(b)Corporate operating costs consisted primarily of equity-based compensation expense.
M. FAIR VALUE
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between marketplace participants. Various valuation approaches can be used to determine fair value, each requiring different valuation inputs. The following hierarchy classifies the inputs used to determine fair value into three levels:
•Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2 – inputs, other than quoted prices, observable by a marketplace participant either directly or indirectly.
•Level 3 – unobservable inputs significant to the fair value measurement.
We did not have any significant non-financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on October 1, 2023, or December 31, 2022.
Our financial instruments include cash and equivalents, accounts receivable and payable, marketable securities held in trust and other investments, short- and long-term debt, and derivative financial instruments. The carrying values of cash and equivalents and accounts receivable and payable on the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet approximate their fair value. The following tables present the fair values of our other financial assets and liabilities on October 1, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and the basis for determining their fair values:
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Carrying
Value		Fair
Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Assets (Liabilities)October 1, 2023
Measured at fair value:
Marketable securities held in trust:
Cash and equivalents$2 $2 $— $2 $— 
Available-for-sale debt securities118 118 — 118 — 
Commingled equity funds45 45 45 — — 
Commingled fixed-income funds5 5 5 — — 
Other investments17 17 — — 17 
Cash flow hedge assets62 62 — 62 — 
Cash flow hedge liabilities(71)(71)— (71)— 
Measured at amortized cost:
Short- and long-term debt principal(9,337)(8,304)— (8,304)— 
December 31, 2022
Measured at fair value:
Marketable securities held in trust:
Cash and equivalents$7 $7 $— $7 $— 
Available-for-sale debt securities107 107 — 107 — 
Commingled equity funds42 42 42 — — 
Commingled fixed-income funds6 6 6 — — 
Other investments17 17 — — 17 
Cash flow hedge assets109 109 — 109 — 
Cash flow hedge liabilities(67)(67)— (67)— 
Measured at amortized cost:
Short- and long-term debt principal(10,590)(9,773)— (9,773)— 
Our Level 1 assets include commingled equity and fixed-income funds that are valued using a unit price or net asset value (NAV). These funds are actively traded and valued using quoted prices for identical securities from the market exchanges. The fair value of our Level 2 assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of fixed-income securities, cash flow hedges and our fixed-rate notes, is determined under a market approach using valuation models that incorporate observable inputs such as interest rates, bond yields and quoted prices for similar assets. Our Level 3 assets include direct private equity investments that are measured using inputs unobservable to a marketplace participant.

N. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
We are exposed to market risk, primarily from foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and investments. We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge some of these risks as described below. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Foreign Currency Risk. Our foreign currency exchange rate risk relates to receipts from customers, payments to suppliers and intercompany transactions denominated in foreign currencies. To the extent possible, we include terms in our contracts that are designed to protect us from this risk. Otherwise, we
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enter into derivative financial instruments, principally foreign currency forward purchase and sale contracts, designed to offset and minimize our risk. The dollar-weighted two-year average maturity of these instruments generally matches the duration of the activities that are at risk.
Commodity Price Risk. We are subject to commodity price risk, primarily on long-term, fixed-price contracts. To the extent possible, we include terms in our contracts that are designed to protect us from these risks. Some of the protective terms included in our contracts are considered derivative financial instruments but are not accounted for separately, because they are clearly and closely related to the host contract. We have not entered into any material commodity hedging contracts but may do so as circumstances warrant. We do not believe that changes in commodity prices will have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.
Investment Risk. Our investment policy allows for purchases of fixed-income securities with an investment-grade rating and a maximum maturity of up to five years. On October 1, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we held $1.4 billion and $1.2 billion in cash and equivalents, respectively, but held no marketable securities other than those held in trust to meet some of our obligations under workers’ compensation and non-qualified pension plans. On October 1, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we held marketable securities in trust of $170 and $162, respectively. These marketable securities are reflected at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in other current and noncurrent assets. See Note M for additional details.
Hedging Activities. We had notional forward exchange contracts outstanding of $5.7 billion and $6.9 billion on October 1, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. These derivative financial instruments are cash flow hedges, and are reflected at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in other current assets and liabilities. See Note M for additional details.
Changes in fair value (gains and losses) related to derivative financial instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges are deferred in AOCL until the underlying transaction is reflected in earnings. Alternatively, gains and losses on derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recorded each period in earnings. All gains and losses from derivative financial instruments recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings are presented in the same line item as the underlying transaction, generally operating costs and expenses.
Net gains and losses recognized in earnings on derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting were not material to our results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and October 2, 2022. Net gains and losses reclassified to earnings from AOCL related to qualified hedges were also not material to our results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and October 2, 2022, and we do not expect the amount of these gains and losses that will be reclassified to earnings during the next 12 months to be material.
We had no material derivative financial instruments designated as fair value or net investment hedges on October 1, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
Foreign Currency Financial Statement Translation. We translate foreign currency balance sheets from our international businesses’ functional currency (generally the respective local currency) to U.S. dollars at the end-of-period exchange rates, and statements of earnings at the average exchange rates for each period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are a component of AOCL.
We do not hedge the fluctuation in reported revenue and earnings resulting from the translation of these international operations’ results into U.S. dollars. The impact of translating our non-U.S. operations’ revenue and earnings into U.S. dollars was not material to our results of operations for the
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three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and October 2, 2022. In addition, the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on non-U.S. cash balances was not material for the nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and October 2, 2022.

O. RETIREMENT PLANS
We provide retirement benefits to eligible employees through a variety of plans:
•Defined contribution
•Defined benefit
◦Pension (qualified and non-qualified)
◦Other post-retirement benefit
For our defined benefit plans, net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and October 2, 2022, consisted of the following:
Pension BenefitsOther Post-retirement Benefits
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022October 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Service cost$17 $26 $1 $1 
Interest cost163 100 7 4 
Expected return on plan assets(207)(227)(8)(7)
Net actuarial loss (gain)183 54 (7)(4)
Prior service (credit) cost(4)(5)1 — 
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) $152 $(52)$(6)$(6)
Nine Months Ended
Service cost$50 $78 $3 $4 
Interest cost488 300 22 14 
Expected return on plan assets(622)(682)(24)(23)
Net actuarial loss (gain)550 161 (23)(13)
Prior service (credit) cost(11)(15)2 1 
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)$455 $(158)$(20)$(17)
Our contractual arrangements with the U.S. government provide for the recovery of pension and other post-retirement benefit costs related to employees working on government contracts. The amount allocated to U.S. government contracts is determined in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), which may result in a timing difference with the amount determined under GAAP. We defer this difference on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. At this time, cumulative benefit costs exceed the amount allocated to contracts, and the difference is reported in other current assets. To the extent there is a non-service component of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for our defined benefit plans, it is reported in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts or unless otherwise noted)

BUSINESS OVERVIEW
General Dynamics is a global aerospace and defense company that offers a broad portfolio of products and services in business aviation; ship construction and repair; land combat vehicles, weapons systems and munitions; and technology products and services.
Our company is organized into four operating segments: Aerospace, Marine Systems, Combat Systems and Technologies. We refer to the latter three collectively as our defense segments. Our primary customer is the U.S. government, including the Department of Defense (DoD), the intelligence community and other U.S. government customers. We also have significant business with non-U.S. governments and a diverse base of corporate and individual buyers of business jet aircraft and related services. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
With approximately 70% of our revenue from work for the U.S. government, government spending levels — particularly defense spending — influence our financial performance. The Congress has not yet passed a defense appropriations bill for the government’s fiscal year 2024 even though the new year began on October 1, 2023. However, on September 30, 2023, a continuing resolution (CR) was signed into law, providing funding for federal agencies through November 17, 2023. When the government operates under a CR, all programs of record are funded at the prior year’s appropriated levels until the current year appropriations bill is signed into law. Therefore, the DoD is prohibited from starting new programs or increasing funding on existing programs unless there is an exception for the program included in the CR. The current CR included an exception allowing the DoD to obligate funds for the construction of the second submarine under the existing Columbia-class submarine program. We do not anticipate the current CR having a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, the impact to our business from an extended CR or government shutdown that may result from any continuing delay by Congress to pass a new defense appropriations bill is currently uncertain and would depend on the duration and government implementation of the CR or shutdown. For additional information, see the Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A, in our most recent Form 10-K filing.
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The disruptions caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine continue to impact global economies and businesses. The impact primarily affecting our business is supply chain challenges, including inflationary pressures. In our Aerospace segment, supply chain challenges have paced our ability to ramp up production in response to strong customer demand for our aircraft and have caused out-of-sequence manufacturing, which increases costs and decreases operational efficiency. Within our defense segments, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in supply chain challenges, which we continue to experience, particularly in our Marine Systems (especially in the submarine supply chain) and Technologies segments. The Russia-Ukraine conflict and increased threat environment has created additional demand for our products and services, particularly in our Combat Systems segment, though the timing and extent of incremental contract activity resulting from that demand remains uncertain.
Any longer-term impact of these global events, as well as the evolving conflict in Israel, on our business is currently unknown due to the uncertainty around their duration and impact. The Review of Operating Segments includes information on these global events for the affected segments.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION
The following paragraphs explain how we recognize revenue and operating costs in our operating segments and the terminology we use to describe our operating results.
In the Aerospace segment, we record revenue on contracts for new aircraft when the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer of the fully outfitted aircraft. Revenue associated with the segment’s services businesses is recognized as work progresses or upon delivery of services. Fluctuations in revenue from period to period result from the number and mix of new aircraft deliveries, and the level and type of aircraft services performed during the period.
The majority of the Aerospace segment’s operating costs relates to new aircraft production on firm orders and consists of labor, material, subcontractor and overhead costs. The costs are accumulated in production lots, recorded in inventory and recognized as operating costs at aircraft delivery based on the estimated average unit cost in a production lot. While changes in the estimated average unit cost for a production lot impact the level of operating costs, the amount of operating costs reported in a given period is based largely on the number and type of aircraft delivered. Operating costs in the Aerospace segment’s services businesses are recognized generally as incurred.
For new aircraft, operating earnings and margin are a function of the prices of our aircraft, our operational efficiency in manufacturing and outfitting the aircraft, and the mix of ultra-large-cabin, large-cabin and mid-cabin aircraft deliveries. Aircraft mix can also refer to the stage of program maturity for our aircraft models. A new aircraft model typically has lower margins in its initial production lots, and then margins generally increase as we realize efficiencies in the production process. Additional factors affecting the segment’s earnings and margin include the volume, mix and profitability of services work performed, the market for pre-owned aircraft, and the level of general and administrative (G&A) and net research and development (R&D) costs incurred by the segment.
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In the defense segments, revenue on long-term government contracts is recognized generally over time as the work progresses, either as products are produced or as services are rendered. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead and, when appropriate, G&A expenses. Variances in costs recognized from period to period reflect primarily increases and decreases in production or activity levels on individual contracts. Because costs are used as a measure of progress, year-over-year variances in costs result in corresponding variances in revenue, which we generally refer to as volume.
Operating earnings and margin in the defense segments are driven by changes in volume, performance or contract mix. Performance refers to changes in profitability based on adjustments to estimates at completion on individual contracts. These adjustments result from increases or decreases to the estimated value of the contract, the estimated costs to complete the contract or both. Therefore, changes in costs incurred in the period compared with prior periods do not necessarily impact profitability. It is only when total estimated costs at completion on a given contract change without a corresponding change in the contract value (or vice versa) that the profitability of that contract may be impacted. Contract mix refers to changes in the volume of higher- versus lower-margin work. Higher or lower margins can result from a number of factors, including contract type (e.g., fixed-price/cost-reimbursable) and type of work (e.g., development/production). Contract mix can also refer to the stage of program maturity for our long-term production contracts. New long-term production contracts typically have lower margins initially, and then margins generally increase as we achieve learning curve improvements or realize other cost reductions.

CONSOLIDATED OVERVIEW
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$10,571 $9,975 $596 6.0 %
Operating costs and expenses(9,514)(8,877)(637)7.2 %
Operating earnings1,057 1,098 (41)(3.7)%
Operating margin10.0 %11.0 %
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$30,604 $28,556 $2,048 7.2 %
Operating costs and expenses(27,647)(25,572)(2,075)8.1 %
Operating earnings2,957 2,984 (27)(0.9)%
Operating margin9.7 %10.4 %
Our consolidated revenue increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 driven by growth in each of our defense segments, particularly submarine construction and engineering in our Marine Systems segment. These increases were offset partially by fewer aircraft deliveries in our Aerospace segment. Operating margin decreased 100 basis points in the third quarter and 70 basis points in the first nine months of 2023 compared with prior-year periods due to program mix and supply chain-driven cost pressure.

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REVIEW OF OPERATING SEGMENTS
Following is a discussion of operating results for each of our operating segments. For the Aerospace segment, results are analyzed by specific types of products and services, consistent with how the segment is managed. For the defense segments, the discussion is based on markets and the lines of products and services offered with a supplemental discussion of specific contracts and programs when significant to the results. Additional information regarding our segments can be found in Note L to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1.
AEROSPACE
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$2,032 $2,347 $(315)(13.4)%
Operating earnings268 312 (44)(14.1)%
Operating margin13.2 %13.3 %
Gulfstream aircraft deliveries (in units)27 35 (8)(22.9)%
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$5,877 $6,117 $(240)(3.9)%
Operating earnings733 793 (60)(7.6)%
Operating margin12.5 %13.0 %
Gulfstream aircraft deliveries (in units)72 82 (10)(12.2)%
Operating Results
The change in the Aerospace segment’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 consisted of the following:
Third QuarterNine Months
Aircraft manufacturing$(364)$(371)
Aircraft services49 131 
Total decrease$(315)$(240)
Aircraft manufacturing revenue decreased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 due primarily to fewer deliveries of our large-cabin aircraft resulting from supply chain constraints. Aircraft services revenue was up in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 due to increased customer demand for aircraft maintenance based on established maintenance cycles, a larger installed base, and customer flight activity.
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The change in the segment’s operating earnings in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 consisted of the following:
Third QuarterNine Months
Aircraft manufacturing$(20)$(25)
Aircraft services(11)(5)
G&A/other expenses(13)(30)
Total decrease$(44)$(60)
Aircraft manufacturing operating earnings decreased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 due primarily to fewer aircraft deliveries. Earnings in 2023 are impacted by higher production costs resulting from supply chain challenges while 2022 earnings were impacted by customer accommodations associated with a G500/G600 airworthiness directive. Aircraft services operating earnings decreased due to the mix of services provided. G&A/other expenses increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 due primarily to increased R&D expenses associated with ongoing product development efforts, particularly those related to the G700 certification.
In total, the Aerospace segment’s operating margin decreased in 2023 compared with the prior-year periods.
MARINE SYSTEMS
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$3,002 $2,769 $233 8.4 %
Operating earnings211 238 (27)(11.3)%
Operating margin7.0 %8.6 %
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$9,053 $8,071 $982 12.2 %
Operating earnings657 660 (3)(0.5)%
Operating margin7.3 %8.2 %
Operating Results
The increase in the Marine Systems segment’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 consisted of the following:
Third QuarterNine Months
U.S. Navy ship construction$25 $569 
U.S. Navy ship engineering, repair and other services208 413 
Total increase$233 $982 
Revenue from U.S. Navy ship construction and engineering was up in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 due primarily to increased volume on the Columbia-class submarine program. Overall, the Marine Systems segment’s operating margin was down in 2023 due to supply chain impacts to the Virginia-class submarine schedule and cost growth on the Arleigh Burke-class (DDG-51) guided-missile destroyer program.
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COMBAT SYSTEMS
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$2,224 $1,788 $436 24.4 %
Operating earnings300 271 29 10.7 %
Operating margin13.5 %15.2 %
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$5,904 $5,129 $775 15.1 %
Operating earnings796 743 53 7.1 %
Operating margin13.5 %14.5 %
Operating Results
The increase in the Combat Systems segment’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 consisted of the following:
Third QuarterNine Months
International military vehicles$158 $395 
Weapons systems and munitions262 337 
U.S. military vehicles16 43 
Total increase$436 $775 
Revenue from international military vehicles increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 due to higher volume on several wheeled and tracked vehicle contracts, including the sale of the Abrams main battle tank to U.S. allies and partners. Weapons systems and munitions revenue was up due to increased demand and facility expansion efforts associated with increased artillery production. Revenue from U.S. military vehicles increased due primarily to higher volume on the U.S. Army’s M10 Booker combat vehicle program (formerly known as Mobile Protected Firepower).
Overall, the Combat Systems segment’s operating margin decreased in 2023 driven by contract mix in our international military vehicles business and lower-margin artillery facilities expansion work.
TECHNOLOGIES
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$3,313 $3,071 $242 7.9 %
Operating earnings315 285 30 10.5 %
Operating margin9.5 %9.3 %
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$9,770 $9,239 $531 5.7 %
Operating earnings897 887 10 1.1 %
Operating margin9.2 %9.6 %
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Operating Results
The increase in the Technologies segment’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 consisted of the following:
Third QuarterNine Months
C5ISR* solutions$131 $274 
Information technology (IT) services111 257 
Total increase$242 $531 
*Command, control, communications, computers, cyber, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance
The Technologies segment’s revenue was up due to strong demand across the business and the acquisition of a C5ISR solutions business in the third quarter of 2022. The Technologies segment’s operating margin increased 20 basis points in the third quarter and decreased 40 basis points in the first nine months of 2023 due to program mix.
CORPORATE
Corporate operating costs totaled $37 in the third quarter and $126 in the first nine months of 2023 compared with $8 and $99 in the prior-year periods, respectively, and consisted primarily of equity-based compensation expense.

OTHER INFORMATION
PRODUCT REVENUE AND OPERATING COSTS
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$6,163 $5,935 $228 3.8 %
Operating costs(5,148)(4,905)(243)5.0 %
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$17,473 $16,201 $1,272 7.9 %
Operating costs(14,704)(13,386)(1,318)9.8 %
The increase in product revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 consisted of the following:
Third QuarterNine Months
Ship construction$25 $569 
Military vehicle production198 556 
Weapons systems and munitions262 337 
Aircraft manufacturing(364)(371)
Other, net107 181 
Total increase$228 $1,272 
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Ship construction revenue increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 due primarily to higher volume on the Columbia-class submarine program. Military vehicle production revenue was up due primarily to higher volume on several international wheeled and tracked vehicle contracts. Weapons systems and munitions revenue was up due to facility expansion efforts associated with increased artillery production. These increases were offset partially by lower aircraft manufacturing revenue due to fewer aircraft deliveries. The primary drivers of the increase in product operating costs were the changes in volume on the programs described above.
SERVICE REVENUE AND OPERATING COSTS
Three Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$4,408 $4,040 $368 9.1 %
Operating costs(3,765)(3,405)(360)10.6 %
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022Variance
Revenue$13,131 $12,355 $776 6.3 %
Operating costs(11,151)(10,379)(772)7.4 %
The increase in service revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 consisted of the following:
Third QuarterNine Months
Ship services$208 $413 
IT services111 257 
Other, net49 106 
Total increase$368 $776 
Services revenue increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 due to a higher volume of engineering work on the Columbia-class submarine program and increased demand for IT services. The primary drivers of the increase in service operating costs were the changes in volume on the programs described above.
G&A EXPENSES
As a percentage of revenue, G&A expenses decreased to 5.9% in the first nine months of 2023 compared with 6.3% in the first nine months of 2022 due to growth in revenue.
OTHER, NET
Net other income was $65 in the first nine months of 2023 compared with $120 in the first nine months of 2022, and represents primarily the non-service components of pension and other post-retirement benefits.
INTEREST, NET
Net interest expense was $265 in the first nine months of 2023 compared with $279 in the prior-year period, reflecting the repayment of debt in the fourth quarter of 2022. See Note H to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, for additional information regarding our debt obligations, including interest rates.
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PROVISION FOR INCOME TAX, NET
Our effective tax rate was 16.2% in the first nine months of 2023 compared with 15.1% in the prior-year period. The lower effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2022 reflected a variety of factors, including the impact of tax benefits from equity-based compensation. For 2023, we continue to anticipate a full-year effective tax rate of approximately 17%.

BACKLOG AND ESTIMATED POTENTIAL CONTRACT VALUE
Our total backlog, including funded and unfunded portions, was $95.6 billion at the end of the third quarter of 2023 compared with $91.4 billion at the end of the second quarter. Our total backlog is equal to our remaining performance obligations under contracts with customers as discussed in Note B to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. Our total estimated contract value, which combines total backlog with estimated potential contract value, was $132.9 billion on October 1, 2023.
The following table details the backlog and estimated potential contract value of each segment at the end of the third and second quarters of 2023:
FundedUnfundedTotal BacklogEstimated Potential Contract ValueTotal
Estimated Contract Value
October 1, 2023
Aerospace$19,654 $405 $20,059 $785 $20,844 
Marine Systems30,445 17,277 47,722 3,113 50,835 
Combat Systems14,375 719 15,094 6,098 21,192 
Technologies9,833 2,852 12,685 27,302 39,987 
Total$74,307 $21,253 $95,560 $37,298 $132,858 
July 2, 2023
Aerospace$19,050 $447 $19,497 $888 $20,385 
Marine Systems30,318 13,410 43,728 3,238 46,966 
Combat Systems14,349 718 15,067 6,196 21,263 
Technologies9,732 3,333 13,065 27,639 40,704 
Total$73,449 $17,908 $91,357 $37,961 $129,318 

AEROSPACE
Aerospace funded backlog represents primarily new aircraft orders for which we have definitive purchase contracts and deposits from customers. Unfunded backlog consists of agreements to provide future aircraft maintenance and support services. The Aerospace segment ended the third quarter of 2023 with backlog of $20.1 billion.
Orders in the third quarter of 2023 reflected strong demand across our portfolio of products, including orders for all models of Gulfstream aircraft. The segment’s book-to-bill ratio (orders divided by revenue) was 1.4-to-1 in the third quarter of 2023.
Beyond total backlog, estimated potential contract value represents primarily options and other agreements with existing customers to purchase new aircraft and long-term aircraft services agreements. On October 1, 2023, estimated potential contract value in the Aerospace segment was $785.
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DEFENSE SEGMENTS
The total backlog in our defense segments represents the estimated remaining sales value of work to be performed under firm contracts. The funded portion of total backlog includes items that have been authorized and appropriated by the U.S. Congress and funded by customers, as well as commitments by international customers that are approved and funded similarly by their governments. The unfunded portion of total backlog includes the amounts we believe are likely to be funded, but there is no guarantee that future budgets and appropriations will provide the same funding level currently anticipated for a given program.
Estimated potential contract value in our defense segments includes unexercised options associated with existing firm contracts and unfunded work on indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts. Contract options represent agreements to perform additional work under existing contracts at the election of the customer. We recognize options in backlog when the customer exercises the option and establishes a firm order. For IDIQ contracts, we evaluate the amount of funding we expect to receive and include this amount in our estimated potential contract value. This amount is often less than the total IDIQ contract value, particularly when the contract has multiple awardees. The actual amount of funding received in the future may be higher or lower than our estimate of potential contract value.
Total backlog in our defense segments was $75.5 billion on October 1, 2023. In the third quarter of 2023, the Marine Systems segment achieved a book-to-bill ratio of 2.3-to-1, and overall, the defense segments achieved a book-to-bill of 1.4-to-1 in the third quarter of 2023. Estimated potential contract value in our defense segments was $36.5 billion on October 1, 2023. We received the following significant contract awards during the third quarter of 2023:
MARINE SYSTEMS
•$140 from the U.S. Navy for advanced nuclear plant studies (ANPS) in support of the Columbia-class submarine program. The contract including options has a maximum potential value of $1.3 billion.
•$965 from the Navy for lead yard services, development studies and design efforts for Virginia-class submarines.
•$515 from the Navy for procurement and delivery of initial Virginia-class spare parts to support maintenance availabilities.
•$220 from the Navy to provide in-service support of systems and components on the USS Jimmy Carter (SSN23).
•$40 from the Navy to provide maintenance for submarines at the Naval Submarine Base New London in Connecticut. The contract including options has a maximum potential value of $185.
•A contract from the Navy for the construction of three Flight III DDG-51 destroyers.
COMBAT SYSTEMS
•$770 for various munitions and ordnance with a maximum potential value of $1.2 billion.
•$345 for two contracts from the U.S. Army to establish additional capacity for 155mm M795 load, assemble and pack (LAP) production, and projectile metal parts. These contracts have a maximum potential value of $730.
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•$145 from the Army to provide system and sustainment technical support services for Abrams main battle tanks.
•$135 to produce launch pod containers for the Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) for the Army.
•$100 from the Army to produce Stryker maneuver short-range air defense (M-SHORAD) vehicles.
•$95 from the Army for the production of Hydra-70 rockets.
TECHNOLOGIES
•$365 for several key contracts for classified customers. These contracts have a maximum potential value of $775.
•$55 to continue infrastructure modernization of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) St. Elizabeth’s Campus in Washington, D.C. The contract including options has a maximum potential value of $710.
•$10 from the U.S. Air Force to manufacture high-altitude electromagnetic pulse and radiation-hardened general area alerting, personal area alerting and ultra-high frequency line of sight communications for the Global Aircrew Strategic Network Terminal Increment 2 (GASNTi2) system. The contract has a maximum potential value of $225.
•$30 to provide software development, integration, testing, technical support, configuration control and sustainment services for the Air Force. The contract including options has a maximum potential value of $140.
•$20 from the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) to provide risk management, monitoring and oversight and support services to the Administrative Office Technology Office (AOTO). The contract including options has a maximum potential value of $115.
•$105 from the Army for computing and communications equipment under the Common Hardware Systems-5 (CHS-5) program.
•$95 for development, production and support of all hardware and software required for the Airborne Ruggedized Tactical Environment Mission Information System (ARTEMIS) for the Navy.
•$90 to modernize the Payments, Claims, and Enhanced Reconciliation (PACER) application for the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We place a strong emphasis on cash flow generation, which is underpinned by an operating discipline focused on cost control and working capital management. This emphasis gives us the flexibility for prudent capital deployment, while allowing us to step down debt over time, and preserves a strong balance sheet for future opportunities.
We evaluate a variety of capital deployment options based on current market conditions and our long-term outlook, and we believe agility is a key component of our capital deployment strategy as market conditions change over time. Our capital deployment priorities include investments in our
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products and services to drive long-term growth, a predictable dividend, strategic acquisitions and opportunistic share repurchases.
We believe cash generated by operating activities, supplemented by commercial paper issuances, is sufficient to satisfy our short- and long-term liquidity needs. An additional potential source of capital is the issuance of long-term debt in capital market transactions.
We ended the third quarter of 2023 with a cash and equivalents balance of $1.4 billion compared with $1.2 billion at the end of 2022. The following is a discussion of our major operating, investing and financing activities in the first nine months of 2023 and 2022, as classified on the unaudited Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in Part I, Item 1:
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities$3,514 $3,910 
Net cash used by investing activities(608)(998)
Net cash used by financing activities(2,792)(2,040)

OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Cash provided by operating activities was $3.5 billion in the first nine months of 2023 compared with $3.9 billion in the same period in 2022. The primary driver of cash inflows in both periods was net earnings. Cash flows in both periods were affected positively by a decrease in unbilled receivables due to the receipt of progress payments on large international vehicle contracts in our Combat Systems segment and an increase in customer deposits driven by Gulfstream aircraft orders, offset partially by an increase in inventory due primarily to the ramp-up in production of new Gulfstream aircraft models.

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Cash used by investing activities was $608 in the first nine months of 2023 compared with $998 in the same period in 2022. Our investing activities include cash paid for capital expenditures and business acquisitions; purchases, sales and maturities of marketable securities; and proceeds from asset sales. The primary use of cash for investing activities in both periods was capital expenditures. Capital expenditures were $600 in the first nine months of 2023 compared with $620 in the same period in 2022.

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Cash used by financing activities was $2.8 billion in the first nine months of 2023 compared with $2 billion in the same period in 2022. Financing activities include the use of cash for repurchases of common stock, payment of dividends, and debt and commercial paper repayments. Our financing activities also include proceeds received from debt and commercial paper issuances and employee stock option exercises.
On March 8, 2023, our board of directors (Board) declared an increased quarterly dividend of $1.32 per share, the 26th consecutive annual increase. Previously, the Board had increased the quarterly dividend to $1.26 per share in March 2022. Cash dividends paid were $1.1 billion in the first nine months of 2023 compared with $1 billion in the same period in 2022.
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Our Board from time to time authorizes management to repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock on the open market. We paid $434 and $1.1 billion in the first nine months of 2023 and 2022, respectively, to repurchase our outstanding shares. On October 1, 2023, 4.7 million shares remained authorized by our Board for repurchase, representing 1.7% of our total shares outstanding.
In May and August of 2023, we repaid fixed-rate notes of $750 and $500, respectively, at their respective scheduled maturities using cash on hand. For additional information regarding our debt obligations, including scheduled debt maturities and interest rates, see Note H to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1.
On October 1, 2023, we had no commercial paper outstanding, but we maintain the ability to access the commercial paper market in the future. Separately, we have a $4 billion committed bank credit facility for general corporate purposes and working capital needs and to support our commercial paper issuances. We also have an effective shelf registration on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that allows us to access the debt markets.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE - FREE CASH FLOW
We emphasize the efficient conversion of net earnings into cash and the deployment of that cash to maximize shareholder returns. As described below, we use free cash flow to measure our performance in these areas. While we believe this metric provides useful information, it is not a defined operating measure under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and there are limitations associated with its use. Our calculation of this metric may not be completely comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences in the method of calculation. As a result, the use of this metric should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, GAAP measures.
We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures. We believe free cash flow is a useful measure for investors because it portrays our ability to generate cash from our businesses for purposes such as repaying debt, funding business acquisitions, repurchasing our common stock and paying dividends. We use free cash flow to assess the quality of our earnings and as a key performance measure in evaluating management. The following table reconciles free cash flow with net cash provided by operating activities, as classified on the unaudited Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in Part I, Item 1:
Nine Months EndedOctober 1, 2023October 2, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities$3,514 $3,910 
Capital expenditures(600)(620)
Free cash flow$2,914 $3,290 
Cash flows as a percentage of net earnings:
Net cash provided by operating activities152 %163 %
Free cash flow126 %137 %

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ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND OTHER CONTINGENCIES
For a discussion of environmental matters and other contingencies, see Note J to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. Except as otherwise noted in Note J, we do not expect our aggregate liability with respect to these matters to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We employ judgment in making our estimates, but they are based on historical experience, currently available information and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. We believe our judgment is applied consistently and produces financial information that fairly depicts our results of operations for all periods presented.
Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. We review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates increased our operating earnings (and diluted earnings per share) by $11 ($0.03) and $98 ($0.28) for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, and $115 ($0.33) and $321 ($0.91) for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 2, 2022, respectively. While no adjustment on any one contract was material to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three- and nine-month periods ended October 1, 2023, or October 2, 2022, our Marine Systems segment’s 2023 results were affected negatively by supply chain impacts to the Virginia-class submarine schedule and cost growth on the DDG-51 program, offset partially by improved performance on the John Lewis-class (T-AO-205) fleet replenishment oiler program.
Other critical accounting policies and estimates include long-lived assets and goodwill, commitments and contingencies, and retirement plans. For a full discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The outstanding notes described in Note H to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, issued by General Dynamics Corporation (the parent), are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, joint and several basis by several of the parent’s 100%-owned subsidiaries (the guarantors). The guarantee of each guarantor ranks equally in right of payment with all other existing
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and future senior unsecured indebtedness of such guarantor. A listing of the guarantors is included in an exhibit to this Form 10-Q.
Because the parent is a holding company, its cash flow and ability to service its debt, including the outstanding notes, depends on the performance of its subsidiaries and the ability of those subsidiaries to distribute cash to the parent, whether by dividends, loans or otherwise. Holders of the outstanding notes have a direct claim only against the parent and the guarantors.
Under the relevant indenture, the guarantee of each guarantor is limited to the maximum amount that can be guaranteed without rendering the guarantee voidable under applicable laws relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. Each indenture also provides that, in the event (1) of a merger, consolidation or sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of a guarantor (other than a transaction with the parent or any of its subsidiaries) or (2) there occurs a transfer, sale or other disposition of the voting stock of a guarantor so that the guarantor is no longer a subsidiary of the parent, then the guarantor or the entity acquiring the assets (in the event of a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of a guarantor) will be released and relieved of any obligations under the guarantee.
The following summarized financial information presents the parent and guarantors (collectively, the combined obligor group) on a combined basis. The summarized financial information of the combined obligor group excludes net investment in and earnings of subsidiaries related to interests held by the combined obligor group in subsidiaries that are not guarantors of the notes.
STATEMENT OF EARNINGS INFORMATION
Nine Months Ended October 1, 2023Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Revenue$11,681 $14,246 
Operating costs and expenses, excluding G&A(10,274)(12,310)
Net earnings572 840 
BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
October 1, 2023December 31, 2022
Cash and equivalents$612 $540 
Other current assets4,732 4,279 
Noncurrent assets4,335 4,164 
Total assets$9,679 $8,983 
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt$4 $1,250 
Other current liabilities2,968 3,392 
Long-term debt9,195 9,189 
Other noncurrent liabilities3,409 3,814 
Total liabilities$15,576 $17,645 
The summarized balance sheet information presented above includes the funded status of the company’s primary qualified U.S. government pension plans as the parent has the ultimate obligation for the plans.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes with respect to this item from the disclosure included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of October 1, 2023. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, on October 1, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended October 1, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
The certifications of the company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have been filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this report.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which are based on management’s expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “forecasts,” “scheduled,” “outlook,” “estimates,” “should” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples include projections of revenue, earnings, operating margin, segment performance, cash flows, contract awards, aircraft production, deliveries and backlog. In making these statements, we rely on assumptions and analyses based on our experience and perception of historical trends; current conditions and expected future developments; and other factors, estimates and judgments we consider reasonable and appropriate based on information available to us at the time. Forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve factors, risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Actual future results and trends may differ materially from what is forecast in forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. These factors include, among others:
•general U.S. and international political and economic conditions;
•decreases in U.S. government defense spending or changing priorities within the defense budget;
•termination of government contracts due to unilateral government action;
•differences in anticipated and actual program performance, including the ability to perform within estimated costs, and performance issues with key suppliers;
•expected recovery on contract claims and requests for equitable adjustment;
•changing customer demand for business aircraft, including the effects of economic conditions on the business-aircraft market;
•changing prices for energy and raw materials;
•the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or other similar outbreaks;
•the status or outcome of legal and/or regulatory proceedings;
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•potential effects of audits and reviews by government agencies of our government contract performance, compliance and internal control systems and policies;
•cybersecurity events and other disruptions;
•risks and uncertainties relating to our acquisitions and joint ventures; and
•potential for increased regulation related to global climate change.
All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or, in the case of any document incorporated by reference, the date of that document. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to General Dynamics or any person acting on our behalf are qualified by the cautionary statements in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to update or publicly release revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances or changes in expectations after the date of this report. These factors may be revised or supplemented in future SEC filings.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For information relating to legal proceedings, see Note J to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes with respect to this item from the disclosure included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table provides information about our third-quarter purchases of equity securities that are registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended:
PeriodTotal Number of SharesAverage Price per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced ProgramMaximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
Shares Purchased Pursuant to Share Buyback Program
7/3/23-7/30/23— $— — 4,946,439 
7/31/23-8/27/23— — — 4,946,439 
8/28/23-10/1/23260,257 217.81 260,257 4,686,182 
Shares Delivered or Withheld Pursuant to Restricted Stock Vesting*
7/3/23-7/30/23127 204.38 
7/31/23-8/27/23308 223.53 
8/28/23-10/1/23646 226.79 
261,338 $217.84 
*Represents shares withheld by, or delivered to, us pursuant to provisions in agreements with recipients of restricted stock granted under our equity compensation plans that allow us to withhold, or the recipient to deliver to us, the number of shares with a fair value equal to the statutory tax withholding due upon vesting of the restricted shares.
We did not make any unregistered sales of equity securities in the third quarter of 2023.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended October 1, 2023, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

3.3    Amended and Restated Bylaws of General Dynamics Corporation (as amended effective October 4, 2023) (incorporated herein by reference from the company’s current report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 5, 2023)
22    Subsidiary Guarantors*
31.1    Certification by CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2    Certification by CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.1    Certification by CEO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.2    Certification by CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
101.INS    Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
104    Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101)


*    Filed or furnished electronically herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION
by/s/ William A. Moss
William A. Moss
Vice President and Controller
(Authorized Officer and Chief Accounting Officer)
Dated: October 25, 2023

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