GIGA TRONICS INC - Annual Report: 2004 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

FORM 10-K

GIGA-TRONICS INCORPORATED

Registrant’s telephone number: (925) 328-4650

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, No par value

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ X ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b of the Act).

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant calculated on the closing average bid and asked prices as of May 20, 2004 was $6,875,546. For purposes of this determination only, directors and officers of the Registrant have been assumed to be affiliates. There were a total of 4,724,896 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of May 20, 2004.

Table of Contents

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the following documents have been incorporated by reference into the parts indicated:

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PART I

     The forward-looking statements included in this report including, without limitation, statements containing the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends” and words of similar import, which reflect management’s best judgment based on factors currently known, involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including but not limited to those discussed under “Certain Factors Which May Adversely Affect Future Operations Or An Investment In Giga-tronics” in Item 1 below and in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis”.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

     Giga-tronics Incorporated (Giga-tronics, or the Company), includes operations of Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR, Inc. (ASCOR), and Microsource, Inc. (Microsource). In the first quarter of fiscal 2004, Giga-tronics elected to discontinue the operations of DYMATiX, which was a joint venture and principal activity of the Company’s subsidiaries Viking Semiconductor Equipment, Inc. and Ultracision, Inc.

     Giga-tronics designs, manufactures and markets through its Giga-tronics Instrument Division, a broad line of test and measurement equipment used in the development, test and maintenance of wireless communications products and systems, flight navigational equipment, electronic defense systems and automatic testing systems. These products are used primarily in the design, production, repair and maintenance of commercial telecommunications, radar, and electronic warfare.

     Giga-tronics was incorporated on March 5, 1980, and its principal executive offices are located at 4650 Norris Canyon Road, San Ramon, California, and its telephone number at that location is (925) 328-4650.

     Effective July 23, 1996, Giga-tronics acquired ASCOR. ASCOR, located in Fremont, California, designs, manufactures, and markets a line of switching and connecting devices that link together many specific purpose instruments that comprise a portion of automatic test systems. ASCOR offers a family of switching and interface test adapters as standard VXI configured products, as well as complete system integration services to the Automatic Test Equipment market.

     Effective June 27, 1997, Giga-tronics completed a merger with Viking by issuing approximately 420,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for all of the common stock of Viking. Viking manufactured and marketed a line of optical inspection equipment used to manufacture and test semiconductor devices. Products include die attachments, automatic die sorters, tape and reel equipment, and wafer inspection equipment.

     Effective December 2, 1997, Giga-tronics completed a merger with Ultracision by issuing approximately 517,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for all of the common stock of Ultracision. Ultracision was a manufacturer of automation equipment for the test and inspection of silicon wafers. Ultracision also produced a line of probers for the testing and inspection of silicon devices. With the discontinuance and sale of DYMATiX, Giga-tronics is in the process of dissolving Viking and Ultracision.

     Effective May 18, 1998, Giga-tronics acquired Microsource. All the outstanding shares of Microsource were acquired for $1,500,000 plus contingent payments based on earnings from Microsource from 1998 to 2000, which amounts were nominal. Microsource, located in Santa Rosa, California, develops and manufactures a broad line of YIG (Yttrium, Iron, Garnet) tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers, which are used by its customers in manufacturing a wide variety of microwave instruments or devices.

     Giga-tronics intends to broaden its product lines and expand its market, both by internal development of new products and through the acquisition of other business entities. From time to time, the Company considers a variety of acquisition opportunities.

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Industry Segments

     The Company manufactures products used in test, measurement and handling. The Company operates primarily in four operating and reporting segments, Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR Inc., Microsource Inc. and Corporate.

Products and Markets

Giga-tronics Instrument Division

     The Giga-tronics Instrument Division segment produces signal sources, generators and sweepers, and power measurement instruments for use in the microwave and RF frequency range (10 kHz to 75 GHz). Within each product line are a number of different models and options allowing customers to select frequency range and specialized capabilities, features and functions. The end-user markets for these products can be divided into three broad segments: commercial telecommunications, radar and electronic warfare. This segment’s instruments are used in the design, production, repair and maintenance and calibration of other manufacturers’ products, from discrete components to complex systems.

ASCOR Inc.

     The ASCOR Inc. segment produces switch modules and interface adapters that operate with a bandwidth from direct current (DC) to 18 GHz. This segment’s switch modules may be incorporated within its customers automated test equipment. The end-user markets for these products are primarily related to electronic warfare, though the VXI architecture may become more accepted by the telecommunications market.

Microsource Inc.

     The Microsource segment develops and manufactures a broad line of YIG tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers, which are used by its customers in manufacturing a wide variety of microwave instruments or devices.

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials and Components

     Substantially all of the components required by Giga-tronics to make its assemblies are available from more than one source. The Company occasionally uses sole source arrangements to obtain leading-edge technology, favorable pricing or supply terms, but not in any material volume. In the Company’s opinion, the loss of any sole source arrangement it has would not be material to its operations.

     Although extended delays in receipt of components from its suppliers could result in longer product delivery schedules for the Company, the Company believes that its protection against this possibility stems from its practice of dealing with well-established suppliers and maintaining good relationships with such suppliers.

Patents and Licenses

     The Company’s competitive position is largely dependent upon its ability to provide performance specifications for its instruments and systems that (a) easily, effectively and reliably meet customers’ needs and (b) selectively surpass competitors’ specifications in competing products. Patents may occasionally provide some short-term protection of proprietary designs. However, because of the rapid progress of technological development in the Company’s industry, such protection is most often, although not always, short-lived. Therefore, although we occasionally pursue patent coverage, we place major emphasis on the development of new products with superior performance specifications and the upgrading of existing products toward this same end. This is reflected in a substantial allocation of budget to project development costs.

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     The Company’s products are based on its own designs, which in turn derive from its own engineering abilities. If the Company’s new product engineering efforts fall behind, its competitive position weakens. Conversely, effective product development greatly enhances its competitive status.

     The Company presently holds 22 patents. None of these is critical to the Company’s ongoing business, and the Company does not actively maintain them.

     The Company is not dependent on trademarks, licenses or franchises. We do utilize certain software licenses in some functional aspects to some of our products. Such licenses are readily available, non-exclusive and are obtained at either no cost or for a relatively small fee.

Seasonal Nature of Business

     The business of the Company is not seasonal.

Working Capital Practices

     The Company generally strives to maintain at least 60 days worth of inventory and generally sells to customers on 30 day payment terms. Typically, the Company receives payment terms of 30 days. The Company believes that these practices are consistent with typical industry practices.

Importance of Limited Number of Customers

     Commercial business accounted for 62% of net sales in fiscal 2004, 61% of net sales in fiscal 2003, and 82% in fiscal 2002. The Company is a leading supplier of microwave and radio frequency (RF) test instruments to various U.S. Government defense agencies, as well as to their prime contractors. Management anticipates sales to U.S. Government agencies and their prime contractors will remain significant in fiscal 2005. Defense-related agencies accounted for 38% of net sales in fiscal 2004, 39% of net sales in fiscal 2003, and 18% in fiscal 2002. Prior to the current year, in which the defense business has improved, sales to the defense industry in general and direct sales to the United States and foreign government agencies in particular had declined. Any decline of defense orders could have a negative effect on the business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows of Giga-tronics.

     During fiscal 2004, the U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors made up 24% of the Instrument Division’s 2004 revenue. During fiscal 2003, the U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors made up 25% of the Instrument Division’s 2003 revenue. During fiscal 2002, the Instrument Division had two major customer concentrations. In fiscal 2002, Midoriya, the Division’s Japanese distributor, accounted for 30% of the Instrument Division’s revenue and the U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors made up 10%.

     In fiscal 2004, ASCOR derived 57% of its revenues from U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors and another 23% from an automated test equipment manufacturer. In fiscal 2003, ASCOR derived 24% of its revenues from U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors and another 34% from an automated test equipment manufacturer. During fiscal 2002, ASCOR had three major customer concentrations. The U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors made up 18%, an automated test equipment manufacturer comprised 30% and an international communications equipment company comprised 11% of ASCOR’s fiscal 2002 revenue.

     During fiscal 2004, Microsource had three major customer concentrations. The U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors made up 47%, an electronic instrument manufacturer comprised 39% and an international communications equipment company comprised 13% of Microsource’s fiscal 2004 revenue. During fiscal 2003 and 2002, Microsource had two major customer concentrations. U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors made up 62% and 35% of Microsource’s 2003 and 2002 revenue, respectively. An

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electronic instrument manufacturer accounted for 14% and 35% of Microsource’s fiscal 2003 and fiscal 2002 revenue, respectively.

     Other than U.S. government agencies and their defense contractors, one other customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues of the Company in fiscal 2004, but no customer who accounted for 10% or more of revenues of any one segment accounted for 10% or more of any other segment. The Company did 12% of its fiscal 2004 consolidated revenue with an electronic instrument manufacturer. In prior years, the Company did less than 10% of its business with this customer.

     Other than U.S. government agencies and their defense contractors, no customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues of the Company in fiscal 2003 and no customer who accounted for 10% or more of revenues of any one segment accounted for 10% or more of any other segment. Other than U.S. Government agencies and their prime contractors, the Company has no customer the loss of which would, in management’s opinion, have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries as a whole.

     The Company’s products are largely capital investments for its customers, and the Company’s belief is that its customers have economic cycles in which capital investment budgets for the kinds of products that the Company produces expand and contract. The Company, therefore, expects that a major customer in one year will often not be a major customer in the following year. Accordingly, the Company’s revenues and earnings will decline if the Company is unable to find new customers or increase its business with other existing customers to replace declining revenues from the previous year’s major customers. A substantial decline in revenues from U.S. Government defense agencies and their prime contractors would also have a material adverse effect on the Company’s revenues and results of operations unless replaced by revenues from the commercial sector.

Backlog of Orders

     On March 27, 2004, the Company’s backlog of unfilled orders was $16,355,000 compared to $16,737,000 at March 29, 2003. As of March 27, 2004, there were approximately $8,882,000 in unfilled orders that were scheduled for shipment beyond a year, as compared to approximately $9,077,000 at March 29, 2003. Orders for the Company’s products include program orders from both the U.S. Government and defense contractors with extended delivery dates. Accordingly, the backlog of orders may vary substantially from quarter to quarter and the backlog entering any single quarter may not be indicative of sales for any period.

     Backlog includes only those customer orders for which a delivery schedule has been agreed upon between the Company and the customer and, in the case of U.S. Government orders, for which funding has been appropriated.

Competition

     Giga-tronics serves the broad market for electronic instrumentation with applications ranging from the design, test, calibration and maintenance of other electronic devices to providing sophisticated components for complex electronic systems to sub-systems capable of sorting and identifying high frequency communication signals. These applications cut across the commercial, industrial and military segments of the broad market. The Company has a variety of competitors. Several of its competitors are much larger than the Company and have greater resources and substantially broader product lines. Others are of comparable size with more limited product lines.

     Competition from numerous existing companies is intense and potential new entrants are expected to increase. The Company’s instrument, switch, oscillator and synthesizer products compete with Agilent, Anritsu, Racal, IFR and Rohde & Schwarz. Many of these companies have substantially greater research and development, manufacturing, marketing, financial, technological, personnel and managerial resources than Giga-tronics. There can be no assurance that any products developed by these competitors will not gain greater market acceptance than any developed by Giga-tronics.

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     To compete effectively in this circumstance, the Company (a) places strong emphasis on maintaining a high degree of technical competence as it relates to the development of new products and the upgrading of existing products and (b) is highly selective in establishing technological objectives. The Company does not attempt to compete ‘across the board’, but selectively based upon its particular strengths and the competitors’ perceived limitations.

     Specification requirements of customers in this market vary widely. The Company is able to compete by offering products that meet a customer’s particular specification requirements; by being able to offer certain product specifications at lower cost resulting from the Company’s past production of products with those specifications; and by being able to offer certain product specifications at a higher quality level. All of these advantages are attributable to the Company’s continuing investment in research and development and in a highly trained engineering staff.

     The customer’s decision is most often based on the best match of its particular requirements and the supplier’s operating specifications. In most cases, attracting and retaining customers does not require the Company to offer the best product with respect to each of the customer’s requirements but rather to those few specifications that are most important to the customer.

     Occasionally price is a competitive consideration. In that circumstance, the Company believes it has more flexibility in making pricing decisions than its larger and more structured competitors.

Sales and Marketing

     Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR Inc., and Microsource Inc. market their products through various distributors and representatives to commercial and government customers, although not necessarily through the same distributors and representatives.

Product Development

     Products of the type manufactured by Giga-tronics historically have had relatively long product life cycles. However, the electronics industry is subject to rapid technological changes at the component level. The future success of the Company is dependent on its ability to steadily incorporate advancements in component technologies into its new products.

     Activities included the development of new products and the improvement of existing products. It is management’s intention to maintain or increase expenditures for product development at levels required to sustain its competitive position. All of the Company’s product development activities are internally funded and expensed as incurred.

     Giga-tronics expects to continue to make significant investments in research and development. There can be no assurance that future technologies, processes or product developments will not render Giga-tronics’ current product offerings obsolete or that Giga-tronics will be able to develop and introduce new products or enhancements to existing products, which satisfy customer needs, in a timely manner or achieve market acceptance. The failure to do so could adversely affect Giga-tronics’ business.

Manufacturing

     The assembly and testing of Giga-tronics Instrument Division microwave, RF and power measurement products are done at its San Ramon facility. The assembly and testing of ASCOR’s switching and connecting

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devices are done at its Fremont facility. The assembly and testing of Microsource’s line of YIG tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers are done at its Santa Rosa facility.

Environment

     To the best of its knowledge, the Company is in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations involving the protection of the environment.

Employees

     As of March 27, 2004, Giga-tronics employed 130 individuals on a full time basis. Management believes that the future success of the Company depends on its ability to attract and retain skilled personnel. None of the Company’s employees are represented by a labor union, and the Company considers its employee relations to be good.

Information about Foreign Operations

     The Company sells to its international customers through a network of foreign technical sales representative organizations.

     See footnote 5 of the financial statements for further breakdown of international sales for the last three years.

     The Company closed its United Kingdom (UK) research & development facility as of March 30, 2002. The Company has no other foreign-based operations or material amounts of identifiable assets in foreign countries. Its gross margins on foreign and domestic sales are similar.

Certain Factors Which May Adversely Affect Future Operations Or An Investment In Giga-tronics

Business climate is volatile

     Giga-tronics has a significant number of defense-related orders. If the defense market should soften, shipments in the current year could decrease more than current projected shipments with a concurrent decline in earnings. The Company’s commercial product backlog has a number of risks and uncertainties such as the cancellation or deferral of orders, dispute over performance and our ability to collect amounts due under these orders. If any of these events occurs, then shipments in the current year could fall below currently projected shipments and earnings could decline.

Giga-tronics sales are substantially dependent on the wireless industry

     Giga-tronics sells directly or indirectly to customers and equipment manufacturers in the wireless industry. Currently, this industry is undergoing dramatic and rapid change. As such, the business that Giga-tronics records could decrease or existing recorded backlog could be stretched or deferred resulting in less than projected shipments. Reduced shipments may have a material adverse effect on operations.

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Giga-tronics’ markets involve rapidly changing technology and standards

     The market for electronics equipment is characterized by rapidly changing technology and evolving industry standards. Giga-tronics believes that its future success will depend in part upon its ability to develop and commercialize its existing products, develop new products and applications, and in part to develop, manufacture and successfully introduce new products and product lines with improved capabilities and to continue to enhance existing products. There can be no assurance that Giga-tronics will successfully complete the development of current or future products or that such products will achieve market acceptance.

Liquidity

     Based on current levels of sales and expenses, management believes that cash and cash equivalents remain adequate to meet anticipated operating needs for the next two years. However, this estimate is based on projections that may or may not be realized, and therefore actual cash usage could be greater than projected. To operate beyond that term would require the Company to earn additional cash from operations, obtain a line of credit or obtain additional funds from other sources. Although the Company has obtained a commitment for a line of credit for $2,500,000, there can be no assurance as to the exact length of time for which the Company will have adequate liquidity.

Giga-tronics acquisitions may not be effectively integrated and their integration may be costly

     As part of its business strategy, Giga-tronics may broaden its product lines and expand its markets, in part through the acquisition of other business entities. Giga-tronics is subject to various risks in connection with any future acquisitions. Such risks include, among other things, the difficulty of assimilating the operations and personnel of the acquired companies, the potential disruption of the Company’s business, the inability of management to maximize the financial and strategic position of the Company by the successful incorporation of acquired technology and rights into its product offerings, the maintenance of uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies, and the potential loss of key employees of acquired companies. The Company has not made any acquisitions in the past six years. No assurance can be given that any acquisition by Giga-tronics will or will not occur, that if an acquisition does occur, that it will not materially harm the Company or that any such acquisition will be successful in enhancing the Company’s business. The Company currently contemplates that future acquisitions may involve the issuance of additional shares of common stock. Any such issuance may result in dilution to all Giga-tronics shareholders, and sales of such shares in significant volume by the shareholders of acquired companies may depress the price of its common stock.

Giga-tronics’ common stock price is volatile

     The market price of the Company’s common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations in response to variations in quarterly operating results, shortfalls in revenues or earnings from levels expected by securities analysts and other factors such as announcements of technological innovations or new products by Giga-tronics or by competitors, government regulations or developments in patent or other proprietary rights. In addition, the NASDAQ National Market and other stock markets have experienced significant price fluctuations in recent periods. These fluctuations often have seemingly been unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies whose stocks are traded. Broad market fluctuations, as well as general foreign and domestic economic conditions, may adversely affect the market price of the common stock.

     Giga-tronics stock at any time has historically traded on thin volume on NASDAQ. Sales of a significant volume of stock could result in a depression of Giga-tronics share prices.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

     As of March 27, 2004, Giga-tronics’ principal executive office and the Instrument Division marketing, sales and engineering offices and manufacturing facilities for its microwave and RF signal generator and power

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measurement products are located in approximately 47,300 square feet in San Ramon, California, which the Company occupies under a lease agreement expiring December 31, 2006.

     ASCOR’s marketing, sales and engineering offices and manufacturing facilities for its switching and connecting devices, are located in approximately 18,756 square feet in Fremont, California, under a lease that expires on June 30, 2009. Included in this lease is approximately 9,000 square feet that the Company effectively abandoned use of upon sale of Dymatix on March 26, 2004. The Company accrued a loss of $114,000 for future lease expense, net of future sub-lease rental income.

     Microsource’s marketing, sales and engineering offices and manufacturing facilities for its YIG tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers are located in an approximately 33,439 square foot facility in Santa Rosa, California, which it occupies under a lease expiring May 25, 2013.

     The Company believes that its facilities are adequate for its business activities.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

     As of March 27, 2004, the Company has no material pending legal proceedings. From time to time, Giga-tronics is involved in various disputes and litigation matters that arise in the ordinary course of business.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

     No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 27, 2004.

     Executive Officers of the Company are listed in Part III, Item 10 of this Form 10-K.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS

Common Stock Market Prices

     Giga-tronics’ common stock is traded over the counter on NASDAQ National Market System using the symbol “GIGA”. The number of record holders of the Company’s common stock as of March 27, 2004 was approximately 1,400. The table below shows the high and low closing bid quotations for the common stock during the indicated fiscal periods. These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-ups, mark-downs, or commission and may not reflect actual transactions.

     Giga-tronics has not paid cash dividends in the past and has no plans to do so in the future, based upon its belief that the best use of its available capital is in the enhancement of its product position.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

     Effective March 26, 2000, the Company changed its method of accounting for revenue recognition to conform with the guidance provided by SAB 101 (see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements). The impact of adopting SAB 101 was to increase earnings (loss) before the cumulative effect of the accounting change in the year ended March 31, 2001 by $520,000, net of income taxes.

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

Summary of Operations:

Financial Position:

Percentage Data:

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

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Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Overview

     Giga-tronics produces instruments, subsystems and sophisticated microwave components that have broad applications in both defense electronics and wireless telecommunications. In 2004 our business consisted of four operating and reporting segments: Giga-tronics Instrument division, ASCOR, Microsource and Corporate.

     Our business is highly dependent on the wireless telecommunications market. The commercial business environment was challenging in the first two quarters of 2004, however in the last half of 2004, Giga-tronics experienced improvements in new orders. Inquiries for Giga-tronics’ products, including the new 2400 series synthesizer were also higher in the last two quarters. New orders in the military sector are showing indications of increased strength, however it is still too early to determine if the commercial wireless telecommunications market has rebounded.

     The Company’s cost reduction programs, including reductions in personnel and new lease terms, are on track and have positioned Giga-tronics to take advantage of any potential opportunities in our market. If new orders should decrease or are canceled, cash may be used faster than currently anticipated. Management would anticipate further cost and expense reductions in this circumstance.

     The Company has recently released a new line of microwave synthesizers that management believes have been well received in the marketplace. This release demonstrates the Company’s commitment to new product development. Giga-tronics intends to continue research and development in key growth areas in order to expand product lines and update existing lines with additional features.

     While the management at Microsource anticipates that prospects for new orders will improve results for the new fiscal year, its short-term growth will be less than previously anticipated as there continue to be timing delays associated with currently booked orders.

     In the first quarter of 2004, Giga-tronics decided to discontinue the operations at its Dymatix division due to the substantial losses incurred over the last two years. In fiscal 2004, the loss from discontinued operations was $2,377,000.

     In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004, Giga-tronics consummated the sale of its Dymatix division. Under the terms of the sale, the Company will receive $300,000, of which $50,000 was paid at closing, $50,000 is to be paid in May 2004 and $200,000 is to be paid in quarterly installments over the next two years. In addition, Giga-tronics may receive earn-out payments based on a percentage of sales on a monthly basis for two years after the closing date. The Company recognized a net gain of $53,000 in fiscal 2004, relating to this sale. With the sale of the Dymatix division, Giga-tronics will be able to focus on its core business in order to release new products more quickly to market.

Results of Operations

     New orders received in fiscal 2004 increased 5% to $17,109,000 from the $16,348,000 received in fiscal 2003. New orders increased primarily due to strength in our commercial wireless market coupled with increases in new military orders.

     New orders received in fiscal 2003 were $16,348,000, a decrease of 7% from the $17,492,000 received in fiscal 2002. New orders declined in fiscal 2003 primarily due to the weakness in the commercial wireless market

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and major customer order cancellations partially offset by increases in new military orders. The following table shows changes in new orders overall and by segment.

New orders

     Orders for the new synthesizer at the Instrument Division helped to improve new orders in FY 2004. Orders at ASCOR decreased in 2004 primarily due to a decrease in military and commercial demand for their products. In 2004, orders at Microsource improved primarily due to an increase in military orders.

     Orders at the Instrument Division decreased in 2003 primarily due to the weakness in the commercial wireless telecommunications market. Orders at ASCOR increased in 2003 primarily due to increased military orders. The 2003 decrease in orders at Microsource includes an order reversal of approximately $750,000 due to a contract re-negotiation with a long-term customer.

     The following table shows order backlog and related information at fiscal year end.

     The decrease in backlog at year-end 2004 was primarily due to weak order levels at ASCOR, partially offset by strong order levels at the Instrument Division and Microsource.

     The decrease in backlog at year-end 2003 was primarily due to weak order levels at the Giga-tronics Instrument Division and Microsource partially offset by stronger order levels at ASCOR.

     Fiscal 2004 net sales were $17,491,000, a 16% decrease from the $20,822,000 in 2003. The decrease in sales was primarily due to lower order levels at the Instrument Division in the first three quarters due to the weakness in the commercial wireless market coupled with customer extension of delivery dates at Microsource. Sales at the Instrument Division decreased 8% or $732,000. ASCOR sales decreased 8% or $306,000 on weak orders. Sales at Microsource decreased 30% or $2,293,000.

     Net sales for fiscal 2003 were $20,822,000, a 41% decrease from the $35,363,000 in 2002. The reduction in sales was primarily due to fewer orders booked because of the general slowdown in the commercial wireless market. In fiscal 2003, Microsource revenues decreased 23% or $2,349,000, on weak orders and customer extension of delivery dates. The Instrument Division sales decreased 57% or $12,254,000 primarily due to weak orders. ASCOR sales increased 2% or $62,000 primarily due to increased orders and higher backlog.

Allocation of net sales

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Allocation of net sales, by segment

     For fiscal 2004, cost of sales decreased 12% to $12,755,000 from $14,635,000 in fiscal 2003. The decrease is primarily attributable to the 16% decline in sales. The reduction in cost of sales was not proportional to the decline in sales due to the level of fixed manufacturing costs.

     Cost of sales decreased 41% in fiscal 2003 to $14,635,000 from the $24,931,000 in 2002. The decrease is primarily attributable to the 41% decline in revenues.

Operating Expenses and Cost of Sales

     Operating expenses decreased 12% or $1,233,000 in fiscal 2004 over 2003 due to decreases of $658,000 in selling, general and administrative, $555,000 in product development expenses and $20,000 in amortization of intangibles. Product development costs decreased 13% or $555,000 in fiscal 2004 primarily due to decreased product development expenses company wide on personnel cost reductions and a more streamlined product development focus. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 11% or $658,000 for the fiscal year 2004 compared to the prior year. The decrease is a result of $332,000 less in marketing expenses, coupled with $284,000 less in administrative expenses and lower commission expense of $42,000 on lower sales for the year. These expense reductions were primarily personnel reductions and rent reductions due to renegotiated lease terms. For fiscal year 2004 amortization of intangibles decreased 100% or $20,000 as compared to last fiscal year. The decrease in the amortization of intangibles is primarily a result of full amortization of patents and licenses. Interest income in 2004 decreased from 2003 due to less cash available for investment and lower interest rates.

     Operating expenses decreased 26% or $3,618,000 in fiscal 2003 over 2002 due to decreases of $1,712,000 in selling, general and administrative, $335,000 in total amortization and $1,571,000 in product development expenses. Product development costs decreased 27% or $1,571,000 in fiscal 2003 primarily due to decreased product development expenses at the Instrument Division and Microsource. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 22% or $1,712,000 for the fiscal year 2003 compared to the prior year. The decrease was a result of $513,000 less in administrative expenses and $1,219,000 less in marketing expenses offset by higher commission expense of $20,000 on higher commissionable sales for the year. These expense reductions were primarily personnel reductions and rent reductions on renegotiated lease terms. For fiscal year 2003 amortization of intangibles decreased 94% or $335,000 as compared to the previous fiscal year. The decrease in the amortization of intangibles was primarily a result of reduced amortization of patents and licenses as well as the goodwill write-off at Microsource that occurred in 2002, related to an impairment of this asset. Interest income in 2003 increased from 2002 due to more cash available for investment.

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     Giga-tronics recorded a net loss of $6,821,000 or $1.45 per fully diluted share for the fiscal year 2004 versus a net loss of $10,762,000 or $2.31 per fully diluted share in 2003.

     Giga-tronics recorded a net loss of $10,762,000 or $2.31 per fully diluted share for the fiscal year 2003 versus a net loss of $2,102,000 or $0.46 per fully diluted share in 2002. The loss for 2003 includes a one-time charge of approximately $4,098,000 related to an increase in the allowance against the deferred tax assets, in addition to approximately $1,450,000 in restructuring and inventory write-offs related to discontinued products.

Critical Accounting Estimates

     Management of Giga-tronics has identified the following as the Company’s critical accounting policies:

Revenue

     Revenues are recognized when there is evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. This generally occurs when products are shipped and the risk of loss has passed. Upon shipment, the Company also provides for the estimated cost that may be incurred for product warranties. Revenue related to products shipped subject to customers’ evaluation is recognized upon final acceptance.

Inventory

     Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company periodically reviews inventory on hand to identify and write down excess and obsolete inventory based on estimated product demand.

Accounts Receivable

     Accounts receivable are stated at the net realizable value. The Company has estimated an allowance for uncollectible accounts based on analysis of outstanding receivables, consideration of the age of those receivables, and the Company’s historical collection experience.

Deferred Tax Assets

     The Company has recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets, which may not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets become deductible, management believes it more likely than not that the Company will not realize benefits of these deductible differences as of March 27, 2004. Management has, therefore, established a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets as of March 27, 2004.

Product Development Costs

     The Company incurs pre-production costs on certain long-term supply arrangements. The costs, which represent non-recurring engineering and tooling costs, are capitalized as other assets and amortized over their useful life when reimbursable by the customer. Otherwise, they are expensed as incurred.

Financial Condition and Liquidity

     As of March 27, 2004, Giga-tronics had $2,752,000 in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $5,005,000 as of March 29, 2003.

     Working capital for the 2004 year-end was $7,997,000 compared to $13,697,000 in 2003 and $23,135,000 in 2002. The decrease in working capital in 2004 from 2003 was primarily due to decreases in cash, accounts receivable and net inventories partially offset by a decrease in customer advances. The decrease in working capital in 2003 versus 2002 was primarily a result of the increased allowance against the deferred income tax benefit and its operating loss in the current year.

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     The Company’s current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) at March 27, 2004 was 2.9 compared to 3.5 on March 29, 2003 and 5.5 in 2002. The reduction in this ratio is primarily the result of decreases in inventories, cash and cash equivalents, and receivables.

     Cash used by operations amounted to $2,326,000 in 2004 and $2,059,000 in 2003. Cash provided by operations amounted to $3,766,000 in 2002. Cash used by operations in 2004 is primarily attributed to the operating loss in the year and a decrease in customer advances offset by depreciation and amortization expenses that are non-cash items and decreases in net accounts receivable and net inventories. Cash used by operations in 2003 was primarily attributed to the operating loss in the year offset by non-cash depreciation and amortization expenses, an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, and the net change in operating assets and liabilities. Cash provided by operations in 2002 was attributed to accounts receivable collections, reduced inventory purchases and non-cash depreciation and amortization expenses offset by the operating loss in the year, and the net change in operating assets and liabilities.

     Based on current operations, management believes that cash and cash equivalents remain adequate to meet anticipated operating needs for the next two years. However, this estimate is based on projections that may or may not be realized, therefore actual cash usage could be greater than projected. To operate beyond that term would require the Company to earn additional cash from operations, obtain a line of credit or obtain additional funds from other sources. On June 1, 2004, the Company obtained a secured revolving line of credit for $2,500,000, with interest payable at prime rate plus 1 1/2%. The borrowing under this line of credit is based on the Company’s accounts receivable and inventory and is secured by all of the assets of the Company.

     Additions to property and equipment were $18,000 in 2004 compared to $160,000 in 2003 and $708,000 in 2002. The reduction in capital equipment spending reflected the overall decline in business activity and increased productivity. Other cash inflows in 2004, 2003 and 2002 consisted of $57,000, $61,000 and $239,000, respectively, from the sale of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options and purchases under the employee stock purchase plan.

     The Company leases various facilities under various operating leases that expire through May 2013. Total future minimum lease payments under these leases amount to approximately $6,207,000 as follows:

     The Company is committed to purchase certain inventory under non-cancelable purchase orders. As of March 27, 2004, total non-cancelable purchase orders were approximately $1,361,000 through fiscal 2005 and $7,000 beyond fiscal 2005 that are scheduled to be delivered to the Company at various dates throughout fiscal 2006.

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Contractual Obligations

     The following table discloses the amounts of payments due under certain contractual obligations in the specified time periods.

     The Company has no off-balance-sheet arrangements (including standby letters of credit, guaranties, contingent interests in transferred assets, contingent obligations indexed to its own stock or any obligation arising out of a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides credit or other support to the Company), that have or are likely to have a material effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

     Giga-tronics intends to maintain research and development expenditures for the purpose of broadening its product base. From time to time, Giga-tronics considers a variety of acquisition opportunities to also broaden its product lines and expand its markets. Such acquisition activity could also increase the Company’s operating expenses and require the additional use of capital resources.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

     In December 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, which addresses how a business enterprise should evaluate whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity through means other than voting rights and accordingly should consolidate the entity. FIN 46R replaces FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. Interpretation No. 46R is effective for public entities for periods ending after March 15, 2004. The adoption of Interpretation No. 46R will not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

     Financial instruments that expose the company to market risk are cash and cash equivalents. The investments are held in recognized financial instruments and have limited market risk due to the short-term maturities of the instruments.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)

1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Giga-tronics and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Giga-tronics and its subsidiary companies design, manufacture and market a broad line of test and measurement equipment used in the development, test, and maintenance of wireless communications products and systems, flight navigational equipment, electronic defense systems, and automatic testing systems. The Company also manufactures and markets a line of test, measurement, and handling equipment used in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The Company’s products are sold worldwide to customers in the test and measurement and semiconductor industries. During March 2002 the Company closed its United Kingdom (UK) research & development facility. The Company currently has no other foreign-based operations or material amounts of identifiable assets in foreign countries. Its gross margins on foreign and domestic sales are similar, and all non-U.S. sales are made in U.S. dollars.

Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Giga-tronics and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that effect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fiscal Year The Company’s financial reporting year consists of either a 52 week or 53 week period ending on the last Saturday of the month of March. Fiscal years 2004, 2003 and 2002 each contained 52 weeks.

Reclassifications Certain reclassifications, none of which affected net income (loss), have been made to prior year balances in order to conform to the current year presentation.

Revenue Recognition Revenue is recorded when there is evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable, and collectability reasonably assured. This occurs when products are shipped, unless the arrangement involves acceptance terms. If the arrangement involves acceptance terms, the Company defers revenue until product acceptance is received. Further, sales made to distributors do not include price protection or product return rights, except for product defects covered under warranty arrangements. The Company has no other post-shipment obligations.

The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts. The balance of customer receivables is net of the allowance for doubtful accounts at March 27, 2004 and March 29, 2003 of $339,000 and $353,000, respectively. The activity in the reserve account is as follows:

Accrued Warranty The Company’s warranty policy generally provides three years for Fast Switching Microwave Synthesizers and Universal Power Meters and one year for all other products. The Company’s policy is to accrue the estimated cost of warranty coverage at the time the sale is recorded. The estimated cost of warranty coverage is

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based on the Company’s actual historical experience with its current products or similar products. For new products, the required reserve is based on historical experience of similar products until such time as sufficient historical data has been collected on the new product. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements, for the reconciliation of changes in the Company’s product warranty liabilities.

Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis.

Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from three to ten years for machinery and equipment and office fixtures. Leasehold improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term. Recoverability of property and equipment is measured by comparison of its carrying amount to future cash flows the property and equipment are expected to generate.

The Company follows Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 144, Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of its expected future cash flows on an undiscounted basis, the asset’s carrying amount would be written down to fair value. Additionally, SFAS No. 144 requires that long-lived assets to be disposed of be reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. As of March 27, 2004, management believes that there has been no impairment of the Company’s assets.

Deferred Rent Rent expense is recognized in an amount equal to the minimum guaranteed base rent plus future rental increases amortized on the straight-line basis over the terms of the leases, including free rent periods.

Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Future tax benefits are subject to a valuation allowance when management is unable to conclude that its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized from the results of operations.

Goodwill The Company amortized goodwill using the straight-line method over a period of five years. In March 2002, the Company determined that the remaining goodwill balance was impaired and recorded an impairment charge on the remaining balance of $173,000.

Pre-production Costs The Company incurs pre-production costs on certain long-term supply arrangements. The costs, which represent non-recurring engineering and tooling costs, are capitalized as other assets and amortized over their useful life when reimbursable by the customer. Otherwise, they are expensed as incurred. Subsequent to fiscal 2002 year end, a telecommunications equipment customer of the Microsource division commenced liquidation proceedings. As a result, the orders under the long-term production contract with this customer were cancelled and Giga-tronics recorded a write-off of $1,100,000 of inventory and pre-production costs in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2002. Included in other assets as of March 27, 2004 and March 29, 2003 were capitalized pre-production costs of $268,000, and $341,000, respectively.

Product Development Costs Product development costs are charged to operations as incurred.

Software Development Costs Development costs included in the research and development of new products and enhancements to existing products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility in the form of a working model has been established. To date, completion of software development has been concurrent with the establishment of technological feasibility, and accordingly, no costs have been capitalized.

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Stock-based Compensation During the first quarter of fiscal year 2004, the Company adopted SFAS No. 148 (“SFAS 148”), Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure – an Amendment of FAS 123. The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (“APB 25”), Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related interpretations and complies with the disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (“SFAS 123”), Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. The following table illustrates the effect on net loss and loss per share if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to stock-based employee compensation:

     For purposes of computing pro-forma consolidated net loss, the fair value of each option grant and Employee Stock Purchase Plan purchase right is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used to value the option grants and purchase rights are stated below:

Loss Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share incorporate the incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options using the treasury method. Antidilutive options are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. The number of stock options not included in the computation of diluted earnings is 556,000, 528,000 and 550,000 for fiscal 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

Comprehensive Income (Loss) There are no items of other comprehensive income (loss).

Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company’s cash equivalents consist principally of overnight deposits and money market funds. Cash and cash equivalents are held in recognized depository institutions. Concentration of credit risk in trade accounts receivable results primarily from sales to major customers. The Company individually evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers and generally does not require collateral or other security.

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Fair Market Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amount for the Company’s cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair market value because of the short maturity of these financial instruments.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards In December 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, which addresses how a business enterprise should evaluate whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity through means other than voting rights and accordingly should consolidate the entity. FIN 46R replaces FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. Interpretation No. 46R is effective for public entities for periods ending after March 15, 2004. The adoption of Interpretation No. 46R will not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

2 Cash and Cash Equivalents

     Cash equivalents of $1,117 and $3,650 at March 27, 2004 and March 29, 2003 respectively, consist of money market funds.

3 Inventories

4 Selling Expenses

     Selling expenses consist primarily of commissions paid to various marketing agencies. Commission expense totaled $1,034,000, $1,011,000, and $1,535,000 in fiscal 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. Advertising costs which are expensed as incurred totaled $75,000, $87,000, and $269,000 for fiscal 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.

5 Significant Customers and Industry Segment Information

     The Company has four reportable segments: Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR, Microsource, and Corporate. Giga-tronics Instrument division produces a broad line of test and measurement equipment used in the development, test and maintenance of wireless communications products and systems, flight navigational equipment, electronic defense systems and automatic testing systems. ASCOR designs, manufactures, and markets a line of switching devices that link together many specific purpose instruments that comprise automatic test systems. Microsource develops and manufactures a broad line of YIG tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers, which are used in a wide variety of microwave instruments or devices. Corporate handles the financing needs of each segment and lends funds to each segment as required.

     The accounting policies for the segments are the same as those described in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on earnings before income taxes. Segment net sales includes sales to external customers. Segment pre-tax loss includes an allocation for corporate expenses, amortization of goodwill, and interest expense on borrowings from Corporate. Corporate expenses are allocated to the reportable segments based principally on full time equivalent headcount. Interest expense is charged at approximately prime (which is currently 4%) plus 1½% for cash required by each segment. Goodwill associated with acquisitions are recorded as assets of the individual segments. Assets include accounts receivable, inventories, equipment, cash, deferred income taxes, prepaid expenses and other long-term assets. The Company accounts for inter-segment sales and transfers at terms that

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allow a reasonable profit to the seller. During the periods reported there were no significant inter-segment sales or transfers.

     The Company’s reportable operating segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business utilizes different technology and requires different marketing strategies. All of the businesses except for Giga-tronics Instrument Division were acquired. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is considered to be the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues and pre-tax income by operating segment. The tables below present information for the fiscal years ended in 2004, 2003 and 2002: