GIGA TRONICS INC - Annual Report: 2005 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

FORM 10-KSB

for the fiscal year ended March 26, 2005, or

for the transition period from                                          to                                           .

     Commission File No. 0-12719

GIGA-TRONICS INCORPORATED

Registrant’s telephone number: (925) 328-4650

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, No par value
(Title of class)

Check whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ   No o

Check if there is no disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K not contained herein, and no disclosure will be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-KSB or any amendment to this Form 10-KSB. þ

State issuer’s revenues for its most recent fiscal year: $21,477,000.

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant calculated on the closing average bid and asked prices as of May 25, 2005 was $16,997,405. There were a total of 4,734,646 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of May 25, 2005.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the following documents have been incorporated by reference into the parts indicated:

Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format (check one): Yes o   No þ

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Table of Contents

PART I

     The forward-looking statements included in this report including, without limitation, statements containing the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends” and words of similar import, which reflect management’s best judgment based on factors currently known, involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including but not limited to those discussed under “Certain Factors Which May Adversely Affect Future Operations Or An Investment In Giga-tronics” in Item 1 below and in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis”.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

     Giga-tronics Incorporated (Giga-tronics, or the Company), includes operations of Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR, Inc. (ASCOR), and Microsource, Inc. (Microsource). In the first quarter of fiscal 2004, Giga-tronics elected to discontinue the operations of DYMATiX, which was a joint venture and principal activity of the Company’s subsidiaries Viking Semiconductor Equipment, Inc. (Viking) and Ultracision, Inc. (Ultracision).

     Giga-tronics designs, manufactures and markets through its Giga-tronics Instrument Division, a broad line of test and measurement equipment used in the development, test and maintenance of wireless communications products and systems, flight navigational equipment, electronic defense systems and automatic testing systems. These products are used primarily in the design, production, repair and maintenance of commercial telecommunications, radar, and electronic warfare equipment.

     Giga-tronics was incorporated on March 5, 1980, and its principal executive offices are located at 4650 Norris Canyon Road, San Ramon, California, and its telephone number at that location is (925) 328-4650.

     Effective July 23, 1996, Giga-tronics acquired ASCOR. ASCOR, located in Fremont, California, designs, manufactures, and markets a line of switching and connecting devices that link together many specific purpose instruments that comprise a portion of automatic test systems. ASCOR offers a family of switching and interface test adapters as standard VXI configured products, as well as complete system integration services to the Automatic Test Equipment market.

     Effective June 27, 1997, Giga-tronics completed a merger with Viking by issuing approximately 420,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for all of the common stock of Viking. Viking manufactured and marketed a line of optical inspection equipment used to manufacture and test semiconductor devices. Products include die attachments, automatic die sorters, tape and reel equipment, and wafer inspection equipment.

     Effective December 2, 1997, Giga-tronics completed a merger with Ultracision by issuing approximately 517,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for all of the common stock of Ultracision. Ultracision was a manufacturer of automation equipment for the test and inspection of silicon wafers. Ultracision also produced a line of probers for the testing and inspection of silicon devices.

     With the discontinuance and sale of DYMATiX, Giga-tronics has dissolved Viking and Ultracision.

     Effective May 18, 1998, Giga-tronics acquired Microsource. All the outstanding shares of Microsource were acquired for $1,500,000 plus contingent payments based on earnings from Microsource from 1998 to 2000, which amounts were nominal. Microsource, located in Santa Rosa, California, develops and manufactures a broad line of YIG (Yttrium, Iron, Garnet) tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers, which are used by its customers in manufacturing a wide variety of microwave instruments or devices.

     Giga-tronics intends to broaden its product lines and expand its market, both by internal development of new products and through the acquisition of other business entities. From time to time, the Company considers a variety of acquisition opportunities.

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Industry Segments

     The Company manufactures products used in test, measurement and handling. The Company operates primarily in four operating and reporting segments, Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR Inc., Microsource Inc. and Corporate.

Products and Markets

Giga-tronics Instrument Division

     The Giga-tronics Instrument Division segment produces signal sources, generators and sweepers, and power measurement instruments for use in the microwave and RF frequency range (10 kHz to 75 GHz). Within each product line are a number of different models and options allowing customers to select frequency range and specialized capabilities, features and functions. The end-user markets for these products can be divided into three broad segments: commercial telecommunications, radar and electronic warfare. This segment’s instruments are used in the design, production, repair and maintenance and calibration of other manufacturers’ products, from discrete components to complex systems.

ASCOR Inc.

     The ASCOR Inc. segment produces switch modules and interface adapters that operate with a bandwidth from direct current (DC) to 18 GHz. This segment’s switch modules may be incorporated within its customers’ automated test equipment. The end-user markets for these products are primarily related to defense, aeronautics, communications, satellite and electronic warfare.

Microsource Inc.

     The Microsource segment develops and manufactures a broad line of YIG tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers, which are used by its customers in manufacturing a wide variety of microwave instruments or devices.

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials and Components

     Substantially all of the components required by Giga-tronics to make its assemblies are available from more than one source. The Company occasionally uses sole source arrangements to obtain leading-edge technology or favorable pricing or supply terms, but not in any material volume. In the Company’s opinion, the loss of any sole source arrangement it has would not be material to its operations.

     Although extended delays in receipt of components from its suppliers could result in longer product delivery schedules for the Company, the Company believes that its protection against this possibility stems from its practice of dealing with well-established suppliers and maintaining good relationships with such suppliers.

Patents and Licenses

     The Company’s competitive position is largely dependent upon its ability to provide performance specifications for its instruments and systems that (a) easily, effectively and reliably meet customers’ needs and (b) selectively surpass competitors’ specifications in competing products. Patents may occasionally provide some short-term protection of proprietary designs. However, because of the rapid progress of technological development in the Company’s industry, such protection is most often, although not always, short-lived. Therefore, although we occasionally pursue patent coverage, we place major emphasis on the development of new products with superior performance specifications and the upgrading of existing products toward this same end. This is reflected in a substantial allocation of budget to project development costs.

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     The Company’s products are based on its own designs, which in turn derive from its own engineering abilities. If the Company’s new product engineering efforts fall behind, its competitive position weakens. Conversely, effective product development greatly enhances its competitive status.

     The Company presently holds 22 patents. None of these is critical to the Company’s ongoing business, and the Company does not actively maintain them. Capitalized costs relating to these patents were both incurred and fully amortized prior to March 1, 2003. Accordingly, these patents have no recorded value included in the Company’s fiscal 2004 and 2005 consolidated financial statements.

     The Company is not dependent on trademarks, licenses or franchises. We do utilize certain software licenses in some functional aspects to some of our products. Such licenses are readily available, non-exclusive and are obtained at either no cost or for a relatively small fee.

Seasonal Nature of Business

     The business of the Company is not seasonal.

Working Capital Practices

     The Company generally strives to maintain at least 60 days worth of inventory and generally sells to customers on 30 day payment terms. Typically, the Company receives payment terms of 30 days. The Company believes that these practices are consistent with typical industry practices.

Importance of Limited Number of Customers

     Commercial business accounted for 62% of net sales in both fiscal 2005 and in fiscal 2004. The Company is a leading supplier of microwave and RF test instruments to various U.S. government defense agencies, as well as to their prime contractors. Management anticipates sales to U.S. government agencies and their prime contractors will remain significant in fiscal 2006. Defense-related agencies accounted for 38% of net sales in both fiscal 2005 and in fiscal 2004. Prior to the last three years, in which the defense business has improved, sales to the defense industry in general and direct sales to the United States and foreign government agencies in particular had declined. Any decline of defense orders could have a negative effect on the business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows of Giga-tronics.

     During fiscal 2005 and 2004, the U.S. government defense agencies and their prime contractors made up 32% and 24%, respectively, of the Giga-tronics Instrument Division’s revenues.

     During fiscal 2005, ASCOR derived 25% of its revenues from the U.S. government defense agencies and their prime contractors, 15% from a communications equipment manufacturer, and another 39% from an automated test equipment manufacturer. During fiscal 2004, ASCOR derived 57% of its revenues from U.S. government defense agencies and their prime contractors and another 23% from an automated test equipment manufacturer.

     During fiscal 2005, Microsource derived 47% of its revenues from the U.S. government defense agencies and their prime contractors, an electronic instrument manufacturer comprised 36% and an international communications equipment company comprised 14%. During fiscal 2004, Microsource derived 47% of its revenues from the U.S. government defense agencies and their prime contractors, an electronic instrument manufacturer comprised 39% and an international communications equipment company comprised 13%.

     Other than U.S. government agencies and their defense contractors, no customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues of the Company in fiscal 2005, and no customer who accounted for 10% or more of revenues of any one segment accounted for 10% or more of any other segment.

     Other than U.S. government agencies and their defense contractors, one other customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated revenues of the Company in fiscal 2004, but no customer who accounted for 10% or more

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of revenues of any one segment accounted for 10% or more of any other segment. The Company generated 12% of its fiscal 2004 consolidated revenue from an electronic instrument manufacturer.

     Other than U.S. government agencies and their prime contractors, the Company has no customer the loss of which would, in management’s opinion, have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries as a whole.

     The Company’s products are largely capital investments for its customers, and the Company’s belief is that its customers have economic cycles in which capital investment budgets for the kinds of products that the Company produces expand and contract. The Company, therefore, expects that a major customer in one year will often not be a major customer in the following year. Accordingly, the Company’s revenues and earnings will decline if the Company is unable to find new customers or increase its business with other existing customers to replace declining revenues from the previous year’s major customers. A substantial decline in revenues from U.S. government defense agencies and their prime contractors would also have a material adverse effect on the Company’s revenues and results of operations unless replaced by revenues from the commercial sector.

Backlog of Orders

     On March 26, 2005, the Company’s backlog of unfilled orders was $15,792,000 compared to $16,355,000 at March 27, 2004. As of March 26, 2005, there were approximately $7,631,000 in unfilled orders that were scheduled for shipment beyond a year, as compared to approximately $8,882,000 at March 27, 2004. Orders for the Company’s products include program orders from both the U.S. government and defense contractors with extended delivery dates. Accordingly, the backlog of orders may vary substantially from quarter to quarter and the backlog entering any single quarter may not be indicative of sales for any period.

     Backlog includes only those customer orders for which a delivery schedule has been agreed upon between the Company and the customer and, in the case of U.S. government orders, for which funding has been appropriated.

Competition

     Giga-tronics serves the broad market for electronic instrumentation with applications ranging from the design, test, calibration and maintenance of other electronic devices to providing sophisticated components for complex electronic systems to sub-systems capable of sorting and identifying high frequency communication signals. These applications cut across the commercial, industrial and military segments of the broad market. The Company has a variety of competitors. Several of its competitors are much larger than the Company and have greater resources and substantially broader product lines. Others are of comparable size with more limited product lines.

     Competition from numerous existing companies is intense and potential new entrants are expected to increase. The Company’s instrument, switch, oscillator and synthesizer products compete with Agilent, Anritsu, Racal, IFR and Rohde & Schwarz. Many of these companies have substantially greater research and development, manufacturing, marketing, financial, technological, personnel and managerial resources than Giga-tronics. There can be no assurance that any products developed by these competitors will not gain greater market acceptance than any developed by Giga-tronics.

     To compete effectively in this circumstance, the Company (a) places strong emphasis on maintaining a high degree of technical competence as it relates to the development of new products and the upgrading of existing products and (b) is highly selective in establishing technological objectives. The Company does not attempt to compete ‘across the board’, but selectively based upon its particular strengths and the competitors’ perceived limitations.

     Specification requirements of customers in this market vary widely. The Company is able to compete by offering products that meet a customer’s particular specification requirements; by being able to offer certain product specifications at lower cost resulting from the Company’s past production of products with those of similar

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specifications; and by being able to offer certain product specifications at a higher quality level. All of these advantages are attributable to the Company’s continuing investment in research and development and in a highly trained engineering staff.

     The customer’s decision is most often based on the best match of its particular requirements and the supplier’s operating specifications. In most cases, attracting and retaining customers does not require the Company to offer the best overall product with respect to each of the customer’s requirements, but rather the best product relative to the specifications that are most important to the customer.

     Occasionally price is a competitive consideration. In that circumstance, the Company believes it has more flexibility in making pricing decisions than its larger and more structured competitors.

Sales and Marketing

     Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR, and Microsource market their products through various distributors and representatives to commercial and government customers, although not necessarily through the same distributors and representatives.

Product Development

     Products of the type manufactured by Giga-tronics historically have had relatively long product life cycles. However, the electronics industry is subject to rapid technological changes at the component level. The future success of the Company is dependent on its ability to steadily incorporate advancements in component technologies into its new products. Product development expenses totaled approximately $3,370,000 and $3,766,000 in fiscal 2005 and 2004, respectively.

     Activities included the development of new products and the improvement of existing products. It is management’s intention to maintain or increase expenditures for product development at levels required to sustain its competitive position. All of the Company’s product development activities are internally funded and expensed as incurred.

     Giga-tronics expects to continue to make significant investments in research and development. There can be no assurance that future technologies, processes or product developments will not render Giga-tronics’ current product offerings obsolete or that Giga-tronics will be able to develop and introduce new products or enhancements to existing products, which satisfy customer needs, in a timely manner or achieve market acceptance. The failure to do so could adversely affect Giga-tronics’ business.

Manufacturing

     The assembly and testing of Giga-tronics Instrument Division microwave, RF and power measurement products are done at its San Ramon facility. The assembly and testing of ASCOR’s switching and connecting devices are done at its Fremont facility. The assembly and testing of Microsource’s line of YIG tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers are done at its Santa Rosa facility.

Environment

     To the best of its knowledge, the Company is in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations involving the protection of the environment.

Employees

     As of March 26, 2005, Giga-tronics employed 120 individuals on a full time basis. Management believes that the future success of the Company depends on its ability to attract and retain skilled personnel. None of the

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Company’s employees are represented by a labor union, and the Company considers its employee relations to be good.

Information about Foreign Operations

     The Company sells to its international customers through a network of foreign technical sales representative organizations.

     See footnote 5 of the financial statements for further breakdown of international sales for the last two years.

     The Company has no foreign-based operations or material amounts of identifiable assets in foreign countries. Its gross margins on foreign and domestic sales are similar.

Certain Factors Which May Adversely Affect Future Operations Or An Investment In Giga-tronics

Business climate is volatile

     Giga-tronics has a significant number of defense-related orders. If the defense market should soften, shipments in the current year could decrease more than current projected shipments with a concurrent decline in earnings. The Company’s commercial product backlog has a number of risks and uncertainties such as the cancellation or deferral of orders, dispute over performance and our ability to collect amounts due under these orders. If any of these events occurs, then shipments in the current year could fall below currently projected shipments and earnings could decline.

Giga-tronics sales are substantially dependent on the wireless industry

     Giga-tronics sells directly or indirectly to customers and equipment manufacturers in the wireless industry. Currently, this industry is undergoing dramatic and rapid change. As such, the business that Giga-tronics records could decrease or existing recorded backlog could be stretched or deferred resulting in less than projected shipments. Reduced shipments may have a material adverse effect on operations.

Giga-tronics’ markets involve rapidly changing technology and standards

     The market for electronics equipment is characterized by rapidly changing technology and evolving industry standards. Giga-tronics believes that its future success will depend in part upon its ability to develop and commercialize its existing products, develop new products and applications, and in part to develop, manufacture and successfully introduce new products and product lines with improved capabilities and to continue to enhance existing products. There can be no assurance that Giga-tronics will successfully complete the development of current or future products or that such products will achieve market acceptance.

Liquidity

     Based on current levels of sales and expenses, management believes that cash and cash equivalents remain adequate to meet anticipated operating needs for the next two years. However, this estimate is based on projections that may or may not be realized, and therefore actual cash usage could be greater than projected. To operate beyond that term would require the Company to earn additional cash from operations, obtain a line of credit or obtain additional funds from other sources. The Company maintains a line of credit for $2,500,000, which expires June

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21, 2005. The Company is in the process of negotiating a new line of credit, however, the Company does not believe that it needs the line of credit for operating purposes.

Giga-tronics acquisitions may not be effectively integrated and their integration may be costly

     As part of its business strategy, Giga-tronics may broaden its product lines and expand its markets, in part through the acquisition of other business entities. Giga-tronics is subject to various risks in connection with any future acquisitions. Such risks include, among other things, the difficulty of assimilating the operations and personnel of the acquired companies, the potential disruption of the Company’s business, the inability of management to maximize the financial and strategic position of the Company by the successful incorporation of acquired technology and rights into its product offerings, the maintenance of uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies, and the potential loss of key employees of acquired companies. The Company has not made any acquisitions in the past seven years. No assurance can be given that any acquisition by Giga-tronics will or will not occur, that if an acquisition does occur, that it will not materially harm the Company or that any such acquisition will be successful in enhancing the Company’s business. The Company currently contemplates that future acquisitions may involve the issuance of additional shares of common stock. Any such issuance may result in dilution to all Giga-tronics shareholders, and sales of such shares in significant volume by the shareholders of acquired companies may depress the price of its common stock.

Giga-tronics’ common stock price is volatile

     The market price of the Company’s common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations in response to variations in quarterly operating results, shortfalls in revenues or earnings from levels expected by securities analysts and other factors such as announcements of technological innovations or new products by Giga-tronics or by competitors, government regulations or developments in patent or other proprietary rights. In addition, the NASDAQ Small Cap and other stock markets have experienced significant price fluctuations in recent periods. These fluctuations often have seemingly been unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies whose stocks are traded. Broad market fluctuations, as well as general foreign and domestic economic conditions, may adversely affect the market price of the common stock.

     Giga-tronics stock at any time has historically traded on thin volume on NASDAQ. Sales of a significant volume of stock could result in a depression of Giga-tronics share prices.

ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES

     As of March 26, 2005, Giga-tronics’ principal executive office and the Instrument Division marketing, sales and engineering offices and manufacturing facilities for its microwave and RF signal generator and power measurement products are located in approximately 47,300 square feet in San Ramon, California, which the Company occupies under a lease agreement expiring December 31, 2006.

     ASCOR’s marketing, sales and engineering offices and manufacturing facilities for its switching and connecting devices, are located in approximately 18,700 square feet in Fremont, California, under a lease that expires on June 30, 2009. Included in this lease is approximately 7,700 square feet the use of which the Company effectively abandoned upon sale of Dymatix on March 26, 2004. The Company has an accrued loss of approximately $174,000 for future lease expense, net of estimated future sub-lease rental income. As of March 26, 2005, the Company has not sub-leased the available space.

     Microsource’s marketing, sales and engineering offices and manufacturing facilities for its YIG tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers are located in an approximately 33,400 square foot facility in Santa Rosa, California, which it occupies under a lease expiring May 25, 2013.

     The Company believes that its facilities are adequate for its business activities.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

     As of March 26, 2005, the Company has no material pending legal proceedings. From time to time, Giga-tronics is involved in various disputes and litigation matters that arise in the ordinary course of business.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

     No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 26, 2005.

     Executive Officers of the Company are listed in Part III, Item 10 of this Form 10-KSB.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND SMALL BUSINESS ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Common Stock Market Prices

     Giga-tronics’ common stock is traded over the counter on NASDAQ Small Cap Market using the symbol “GIGA”. The Company’s common stock had been quoted on the NASDAQ National Market until July 22, 2004. NASDAQ informed the Company that it no longer met the National Market listing requirement of $10,000,000 in minimum shareholders’ equity. Because the Company did not expect to be able to increase its shareholders’ equity to this amount in the near term, it applied for and was accepted for quotation of its common stock on the NASDAQ Small Cap Market under the same ticker symbol “GIGA”. The number of record holders of the Company’s common stock as of March 26, 2005 was approximately 1,500. The table below shows the high and low closing bid quotations for the common stock during the indicated fiscal periods. These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-ups, mark-downs, or commission and may not reflect actual transactions.

     Giga-tronics has not paid cash dividends in the past and has no plans to do so in the future, based upon its belief that the best use of its available capital is in the enhancement of its product position.

     Giga-tronics has not issued any unregistered securities or repurchased any of its securities during the past fiscal year.

Selected Financial Data

     Effective March 26, 2000, the Company changed its method of accounting for revenue recognition to conform with the guidance provided by SAB 101. The impact of adopting SAB 101 was to increase earnings before the cumulative effect of the accounting change in the year ended March 31, 2001 by $520,000, net of income taxes.

     The following table sets forth selected financial data for the Company’s last five fiscal years. This information is derived from the Company’s audited financial statements, unless otherwise stated. This data should be read in conjunction with the financial statements, related notes, and other financial information included elsewhere in this report.

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

Summary of Operations :

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

     The following is a summary of unaudited results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004:

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ITEM 6. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Overview

     Giga-tronics produces instruments, subsystems and sophisticated microwave components that have broad applications in both defense electronics and wireless telecommunications. In 2005, our business consisted of four operating and reporting segments: Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR, Microsource and Corporate.

     Our business is highly dependent on the wireless telecommunications market. While the Company has seen some improvement in the commercial business environment we believe it remains challenging. Giga-tronics experienced improvements in new orders in fiscal 2005. Inquiries for Giga-tronics’ products, including the new 2400M synthesizer (part of the 2400 family of products) were also higher in the year. New orders in the military sector are showing indications of increased strength; however it is still too early to determine if the commercial wireless telecommunications market has rebounded.

     The Company’s cost reduction programs, including reductions in personnel and new lease terms, are on track and have positioned Giga-tronics to take advantage of opportunities in our market. However, the Company’s employees have been on salary reductions over the last three years and the Company anticipates reinstating prior salary levels in fiscal 2006.

     The Company has recently released the 2400M synthesizer during the 2005 fiscal year. These products are being accepted by the marketplace and management believes there is significant room for growth. This release demonstrates the Company’s commitment to new product development. Giga-tronics intends to continue research and development in key growth areas in order to expand product lines and update existing lines with additional features.

     While Microsource received a large long-term order during fiscal 2005, the management at Microsource anticipates that prospects for new orders will be moderate for the new fiscal year.

     In the first quarter of 2004, Giga-tronics discontinued the operations at its Dymatix Division due to the substantial losses incurred over the previous two years. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004, Giga-tronics consummated the sale of its Dymatix Division and recognized a gain of $53,000 in connection with the sale. The purchase price was $300,000. The Company received a $50,000 cash payment from the buyer and a $250,000 note receivable with $50,000 due in May 2004 and quarterly installments of $25,000 due beginning in July 2004. The Company agreed to reschedule the payment due in May 2004 to August 2004 and, to date, has not received payments due. The note was secured by collateral and in management’s opinion this collateral deteriorated during the year. Accordingly, the Company considers the note receivable to be impaired and beginning in the second quarter has recorded a provision to reserve of $250,000 through charges to discontinued operations of $250,000 in the 2005 fiscal year. Management’s designation of the loan as impaired and the establishment of an allowance for credit losses for financial reporting purposes does not relieve the purchaser of his obligation to repay the indebtedness. Accordingly, while no assurances can be provided, the Company plans to pursue all collection options and may ultimately recover all or a portion of the amounts reserved.

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Results of Operations

     New orders by segment are as follows for the fiscal years ended:

     New orders received in fiscal 2005 increased 22% to $20,914,000 from the $17,109,000 received in fiscal 2004. New orders increased primarily due to strength in our commercial wireless market coupled with increases in new military orders and other commercial business.

     New orders received in fiscal 2004 increased 5% to $17,109,000 from the $16,348,000 received in fiscal 2003. New orders increased primarily due to strength in our commercial wireless market coupled with increases in new military orders.

     Increased orders from the military and their prime contractors at the Giga-tronics Instrument Division improved new orders for fiscal 2005. Orders at ASCOR increased in 2005 primarily due to increased orders from commercial customers. Orders at Microsource increased 28% primarily as a result of the recording of a $7.6 million long-term contract from Boeing, partially offset by the renegotiation of a long term contract with an existing customer as discussed below, whereby Microsource, during the second quarter, reversed its recorded backlog for deliveries beyond 12 months by $4,854,000.

     Orders for the new synthesizer at the Giga-tronics Instrument Division helped to improve new orders in fiscal 2004. Orders at ASCOR decreased in 2004 primarily due to a decrease in military and commercial demand. In 2004, orders at Microsource improved primarily due to an increase in military orders.

     The following table shows order backlog and related information at fiscal year end:

     The backlog at year-end 2005 declined 3%. This decline is primarily a result of the following reversal coupled with increased shipments from backlog offset by the $7.6 million long-term contract from Boeing. During July 2004, Microsource renegotiated a long-term contract with an existing customer. As a result, during the second fiscal quarter, the customer’s firm purchase commitment quantities were significantly reduced and management reversed its recorded backlog for deliveries beyond 12 months by approximately $4,854,000.

     The decrease in backlog at year-end 2004 of 2% was primarily due to weak order levels at ASCOR, partially offset by strong order levels at the Instrument Division and Microsource.

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     The allocation of net sales was as follows for fiscal years ended:

     The allocation of net sales by segment was as follows for fiscal years ended:

     Fiscal 2005 net sales were $21,477,000, a 23% increase from the $17,491,000 of net sales in 2004. The increase in sales was primarily due to improvement in our commercial wireless market coupled with increases in new military orders and other commercial business. Sales at the Giga-tronics Instrument Division increased 45% or $3,876,000. ASCOR sales increased 8% or $297,000. Sales at Microsource decreased 3% or $187,000.

     Fiscal 2004 net sales were $17,491,000, a 16% decrease from the $20,822,000 net sales in 2003. The decrease in sales was primarily due to lower order levels at the Giga-tronics Instrument Division in the first three quarters due to the weakness in the commercial wireless market coupled with customer extension of delivery dates at Microsource. Sales at the Giga-tronics Instrument Division decreased 8% or $732,000. ASCOR sales decreased 8% or $306,000 on weak orders. Sales at Microsource decreased 30% or $2,293,000.

     Cost of sales was as follows for the fiscal years ended:

     For fiscal 2005, cost of sales decreased 7% to $11,879,000 from $12,755,000 in fiscal 2004. The decrease is primarily attributable to decreased material content of products shipped.

     For fiscal 2004, cost of sales decreased 12% to $12,755,000 from $14,635,000 in fiscal 2003. The decrease is primarily attributable to the 16% decline in sales. The reduction in cost of sales was not proportional to the decline in sales due to the level of fixed manufacturing costs.

     Operating expenses were as follows for the fiscal years ended:

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     Operating expenses decreased 5% or $419,000 in fiscal 2005 over 2004 due to decreases of $396,000 in product development expenses and decreases of $23,000 in selling, general and administrative expenses. Product development costs decreased 11% or $396,000 in fiscal 2005 primarily due to decreased product development expenses company wide on personnel cost reductions and a more streamlined product development focus. Selling, general and administrative expenses remained flat for fiscal year 2005 compared to the prior year. The decrease is a result of $136,000 less in marketing expenses, coupled with $97,000 less in administrative expenses, offset by higher commission expense of $210,000. These expense reductions were primarily personnel reductions and rent reductions due to renegotiated lease terms. The higher commission expense was a direct result of increased sales in fiscal 2005.

     Interest income in 2005 decreased from 2004 due to less cash available for investment and lower interest rates.

     Operating expenses decreased 12% or $1,233,000 in fiscal 2004 over 2003 due to decreases of $658,000 in selling, general and administrative, $555,000 in product development expenses and $20,000 in amortization of intangibles. Product development costs decreased 13% or $555,000 in fiscal 2004 primarily due to decreased product development expenses company wide on personnel cost reductions and a more streamlined product development focus. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 11% or $658,000 for the fiscal year 2004 compared to the prior year. The decrease is a result of $397,000 less in marketing expenses, coupled with $284,000 less in administrative expenses and higher commission expense of $23,000 on lower sales for the year. These expense reductions were primarily personnel reductions and rent reductions due to renegotiated lease terms. For fiscal year 2004 amortization of intangibles decreased 100% or $20,000 as compared to last fiscal year. The decrease in the amortization of intangibles is primarily a result of full amortization of patents and licenses.

     Interest income in 2004 decreased from 2003 due to less cash available for investment and lower interest rates.

     Giga-tronics recorded a net profit of $612,000 or $0.13 per fully diluted share for the fiscal year 2005 versus a net loss of $6,821,000 or $1.45 per fully diluted share in 2004. The loss in 2004 versus the profit in 2005 is attributable to higher revenue in 2005 coupled with the full year effect of cost reductions initiated in fiscal 2004.

     Giga-tronics recorded a net loss of $6,821,000 or $1.45 per fully diluted share for the fiscal year 2004 versus a net loss of $10,762,000 or $2.31 per fully diluted share in 2003. The loss for 2003 includes a one-time charge of approximately $4,098,000 related to an increase in the allowance against the deferred tax assets, in addition to approximately $1,450,000 in restructuring and inventory write-offs related to discontinued products.

Critical Accounting Policies

     The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and the results of operations are based upon the consolidated financial statements included in this report and the data used to prepare them. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and we are required to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions in the course of such preparation. The Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included with the consolidated financial statements describe the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. On an ongoing basis, the Company reevaluates its judgments, estimates, and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, product warranties, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventories, and valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. The Company bases its judgment and estimates on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions, and its beliefs of what could occur in the future considering available information. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management of Giga-tronics has identified the following as the Company’s critical accounting policies:

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Revenues

     Revenues are recognized when there is evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. This generally occurs when products are shipped and the risk of loss has passed. Revenue related to products shipped subject to customers’ evaluation is recognized upon final acceptance.

Product Warranties

     Upon shipment, the Company also provides for the estimated cost that may be incurred for product warranties. The Company’s warranty policy generally provides three years for Universal Power Meters and one year for all other products. The Company’s policy is to accrue the estimated cost of warranty coverage at the time the sale is recorded. The estimated cost of warranty coverage is based on the Company’s actual historical experience with its current products or similar products and the length of the warranty. For new products, the required reserve is based on historical experience of similar products until such time as sufficient historical data has been collected on the new product.

Accounts Receivable

     Accounts receivable are stated at the net realizable value. The Company has estimated an allowance for uncollectible accounts based on analysis of specifically identified problem accounts, outstanding receivables, consideration of the age of those receivables, and the Company’s historical collection experience.

Inventory

     Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company periodically reviews inventory on hand to identify and write down excess and obsolete inventory based on estimated product demand.

Deferred Income Tax

     Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Future tax benefits are subject to a valuation allowance when management is unable to conclude that its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized from the results of operations. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets, that may not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets become deductible, management believes it more likely than not that the Company will not realize benefits of these deductible differences as of March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004. Management has, therefore, established a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets as of March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004.

Product Development Costs

     The Company incurs pre-production costs on certain long-term supply arrangements. The costs, which represent non-recurring engineering and tooling costs, are capitalized as other assets and amortized over their useful life when reimbursable by the customer. All other pre-production and product development costs are expensed as incurred.

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Financial Condition and Liquidity

     As of March 26, 2005, Giga-tronics had $2,540,000 in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $2,752,000 as of March 27, 2004.

     Working capital for the 2005 fiscal year end was $9,337,000 compared to $7,997,000 in 2004 and $13,697,000 in 2003. The increase in working capital in 2005 from 2004 is attributed to operating income in the year coupled with the net change in operating assets and liabilities. The decrease in working capital in 2004 from 2003 was primarily due to decreases in cash, accounts receivable and net inventories partially offset by a decrease in customer advances.

     The Company’s current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) at March 26, 2005 was 4.3 compared to 2.9 on March 27, 2004 and 3.5 on March 29, 2003. At March 26, 2005, the improvement in this ratio is primarily the result of the increase in trade receivables partially offset by the decrease in inventories and the decrease in accounts payable. At March 27, 2004, the reduction in this ratio was primarily the result of decreases in inventories, cash and cash equivalents, and receivables.

     Cash used by operations amounted to $237,000 in 2005, $2,326,000 in 2004, and $2,059,000 in 2003. Cash used by operations in 2005 was primarily attributed to the increase in trade accounts receivable and the decrease in accounts payable, partially offset by the decrease in inventories. Cash used by operations in 2004 is primarily attributed to the operating loss in the year and a decrease in customer advances offset by depreciation and amortization expenses that are non-cash items and decreases in net accounts receivable and net inventories.

     Additions to property and equipment were $185,000 in 2005 compared to $18,000 in 2004 and $160,000 in 2003. The increase in capital equipment spending in fiscal 2005 reflected the overall improvement in business activity. The reduction in capital equipment spending in fiscal 2004 reflected the overall decline in business activity.

     Other cash inflows in 2005 and 2004 consisted of $4,000 and $57,000 respectively, from the sale of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options and purchases under the employee stock purchase plan.

     The Company leases various facilities under operating leases that expire through May 2013. Total future minimum lease payments under these leases amount to approximately $4,979,000 as follows:

     The Company is committed to purchase certain inventory under non-cancelable purchase orders. As of March 26, 2005, total non-cancelable purchase orders were approximately $1,092,000 through fiscal 2006 and $82,000 beyond fiscal 2006 and were scheduled to be delivered to the Company at various dates through August 2007.

Contractual Obligations

     The following table discloses the amounts of payments due under certain contractual obligations in the specified time periods.

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     The Company has no other off-balance-sheet arrangements (including standby letters of credit, guaranties, contingent interests in transferred assets, contingent obligations indexed to its own stock or any obligation arising out of a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides credit or other support to the Company), that have or are likely to have a material effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

     Management believes that the Company has adequate resources to meet its anticipated operating and capital expenditure needs for the foreseeable future. Giga-tronics intends to maintain research and development expenditures for the purpose of broadening its product base. From time to time, Giga-tronics considers a variety of acquisition opportunities to also broaden its product lines and expand its markets. Such acquisition activity could also increase the Company’s operating expenses and require the additional use of capital resources.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

     In December 2004 the FASB issued Statement Number 123 (revised 2004) (“FAS 123 (R)”), Share-Based Payments. FAS 123 (R) requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments, such as stock options, granted to employees. The Company is required to apply FAS 123 (R) on a modified prospective method. Under this method, the Company is required to record compensation expense (as previous awards continue to vest) for the unvested portion of previously granted awards that remain outstanding at the date of adoption. In addition, the Company may elect to adopt FAS 123 (R) by restating previously issued financial statements, basing the expense on that previously reported in their pro forma disclosures required by FAS 123. In April 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted a rule that defers the compliance of 123 (R) from the first reporting period beginning after June 15, 2005 to the first fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005, March 26, 2006 for the Company. Management has not completed its evaluation of the effect that FAS 123 (R) will have, but believes that the effect will be consistent with its previous pro forma disclosures.

     In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs (FAS 151). FAS 151 requires that abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs and spoilage be recognized as current-period charges. Further, FAS 151 requires the allocation of fixed production overheads to inventory based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. Unallocated overheads must be recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred. FAS 151 is effective for inventory costs incurred beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. We are currently evaluating the effect of FAS 151 on our financial statements and related disclosures.

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ITEM 7. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data)

1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Giga-tronics and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Giga-tronics and its subsidiary companies design, manufacture and market a broad line of test and measurement equipment used in the development, test, and maintenance of wireless communications products and systems, flight navigational equipment, electronic defense systems, and automatic testing systems. The Company also manufactures and markets a line of test, measurement, and handling equipment used in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The Company’s products are sold worldwide to customers in the test and measurement and semiconductor industries. The Company currently has no foreign-based operations or material amounts of identifiable assets in foreign countries. Its gross margins on foreign and domestic sales are similar, and all non-U.S. sales are made in U.S. dollars.

Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Giga-tronics and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that effect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fiscal Year The Company’s financial reporting year consists of either a 52 week or 53 week period ending on the last Saturday of the month of March. Fiscal years 2005 and 2004 each contained 52 weeks.

Reclassifications Certain reclassifications, none of which affected net income (loss), have been made to prior year balances in order to conform to the current year presentation.

Revenue Recognition Revenue is recorded when there is evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. This occurs when products are shipped, unless the arrangement involves acceptance terms. If the arrangement involves acceptance terms, the Company defers revenue until product acceptance is received. Further, sales made to distributors do not include price protection or product return rights, except for product defects covered under warranty arrangements. The Company has no other post-shipment obligations. The Company reports freight costs charged to customers and freight costs paid for shipments to customers as cost of sales.

The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company has estimated an allowance for un-collectable accounts based on analysis of specifically identified problem accounts, outstanding receivables, consideration of the age of those receivables and the Company’s historical collection experience. The balance of customer receivables is net of the allowance for doubtful accounts at March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004 of $77 and $339, respectively. The activity in the reserve account is as follows:

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Accrued Warranty The Company’s warranty policy generally provides three years for the Universal Power Meters and one year for all other products. The Company’s policy is to accrue the estimated cost of warranty coverage at the time the sale is recorded. The estimated cost of warranty coverage is based on the Company’s actual historical experience with its current products or similar products. For new products, the required reserve is based on historical experience of similar products until such time as sufficient historical data has been collected on the new product. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements, for the reconciliation of changes in the Company’s product warranty liabilities.

Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis.

Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from three to ten years for machinery and equipment and office fixtures. Leasehold improvements and assets acquired under capital leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of its expected future cash flows on an undiscounted basis, the asset’s carrying amount would be written down to fair value. Additionally, the Company reports long-lived assets to be disposed of at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. As of March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004, management believes that there has been no impairment of the Company’s assets.

Deferred Rent Rent expense is recognized in an amount equal to the minimum guaranteed base rent plus future rental increases amortized on the straight-line basis over the terms of the leases, including free rent periods.

Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Future tax benefits are subject to a valuation allowance when management is unable to conclude that its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized from the results of operations.

Product Development Costs The Company incurs pre-production costs on certain long-term supply arrangements. The costs, which represent non-recurring engineering and tooling costs, are capitalized as other assets and amortized over their useful life when reimbursable by the customer. All other product development costs are charged to operations as incurred. Included in other assets as of March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004 were capitalized pre-production costs of $115 and $268, respectively.

Software Development Costs Development costs included in the research and development of new products and enhancements to existing products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility in the form of a working model has been established. To date, completion of software development has been concurrent with the establishment of technological feasibility, and accordingly, no costs have been capitalized.

Stock-based Compensation During the first quarter of fiscal year 2004, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 148 (“FAS 148”), Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure - an Amendment of FAS 123. The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (“APB 25”), Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related interpretations and complies with the disclosure provisions of FAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. The following table illustrates the effect on net income (loss) and income (loss) per share if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of FAS 123 to stock-based employee compensation:

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For purposes of computing pro-forma consolidated net income (loss), the fair value of each option grant and Employee Stock Purchase Plan purchase right is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used to value the option grants and purchase rights are stated below:

Discontinued Operations In the first quarter of 2004, Giga-tronics discontinued the operations at its Dymatix Division due to the substantial losses incurred over the previous two years. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004, Giga-tronics consummated the sale of its Dymatix Division and recognized a gain of $53 in connection with the sale. The sales price was $300. The Company received a $50 cash payment from the buyer and a $250 note receivable with $50 due in May 2004 and quarterly installments of $25 due beginning in July 2004. The Company agreed to reschedule the payment due in May 2004 to August 2004 and, to date, has not received payments due. The note was secured by collateral and in management’s opinion this collateral deteriorated during the year. Accordingly, the Company considers the note receivable to be impaired and has recorded a provision of loss of $250 through discontinued operations in the 2005 fiscal year. During 2005, the Company recorded additional $60 in expenses for discontinued operations associated with the partial abandonment of the leased Fremont facilities. Included in this lease is 7,727 square feet the use of which the Company effectively abandoned upon sale of Dymatix on March 26, 2004. The Company has increased the estimated time to market these facilities to a sub-tenant. As of March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004, the Company has an accrued loss of $174 and $114, respectively, net of future estimated sub-lease rental income, for future lease expense.

Income (Loss) Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share incorporate the incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options using the treasury method. Antidilutive options are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

Comprehensive Income (Loss) There are no items of other comprehensive income (loss).

Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. The Company’s cash equivalents consist principally of overnight deposits and money market funds. Cash and cash equivalents are held in recognized depository institutions. At March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004, the Company had deposits in

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excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not incurred losses on these deposits to date and does not expect to incur any losses based on the credit ratings of the financial institutions. Concentration of credit risk in trade accounts receivable results primarily from sales to major customers. The Company individually evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers and generally does not require collateral or other security.

Fair Market Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amount for the Company’s cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair market value because of the short maturity of these financial instruments.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards In December 2004 the FASB issued Statement Number 123 (revised 2004) (“FAS 123 (R)”), Share-Based Payments. FAS 123 (R) requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments, such as stock options, granted to employees. The Company is required to apply FAS 123 (R) on a modified prospective method. Under this method, the Company is required to record compensation expense (as previous awards continue to vest) for the unvested portion of previously granted awards that remain outstanding at the date of adoption. In addition, the Company may elect to adopt FAS 123 (R) by restating previously issued financial statements, basing the expense on that previously reported in their pro forma disclosures required by FAS 123. In April 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted a rule that defers the compliance of 123 (R) from the first reporting period beginning after June 15, 2005 to the first fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005, March 26, 2006 for the Company. Management has not completed its evaluation of the effect that FAS 123 (R) will have, but believes that the effect will be consistent with its previous pro forma disclosures.

In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs (SFAS 151). SFAS 151 requires that abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs and spoilage be recognized as current-period charges. Further, SFAS 151 requires the allocation of fixed production overheads to inventory based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. Unallocated overheads must be recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred. SFAS 151 is effective for inventory costs incurred beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. Management is currently evaluating the effect of SFAS 151 on the financial statements and related disclosures.

2 Cash and Cash Equivalents

     Cash equivalents of $1,320 and $1,117 at March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004 respectively, consist of overnight deposits and money market funds.

3 Inventories

     Inventories consist of the following:

4 Selling Expenses

     Selling expenses consist primarily of commissions paid to various marketing agencies. Commission expense totaled $1,244 and $1,034 for fiscal 2005 and 2004, respectively. Advertising costs, which are expensed as incurred, totaled $92 and $75 for fiscal 2005 and 2004, respectively.

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5 Significant Customers and Industry Segment Information

     The Company has four reportable segments: Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR, Microsource, and Corporate. Giga-tronics Instrument Division produces a broad line of test and measurement equipment used in the development, test and maintenance of wireless communications products and systems, flight navigational equipment, electronic defense systems and automatic testing systems. ASCOR designs, manufactures, and markets a line of switching devices that link together many specific purpose instruments that comprise automatic test systems. Microsource develops and manufactures a broad line of Yittrium, Iron and Garnet (YIG) tuned oscillators, filters and microwave synthesizers, which are used in a wide variety of microwave instruments or devices. Corporate handles the financing needs of each segment and lends funds to each segment as required.

     The accounting policies for the segments are the same as those described in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on earnings before income taxes. Segment net sales include sales to external customers. Segment pre-tax income (loss) includes an allocation for corporate expenses, and interest expense on borrowings from Corporate. Corporate expenses are allocated to the reportable segments based principally on full time equivalent headcount. Interest expense is charged at approximately prime (which is currently 5.25%) plus 1-1/2% for cash required by each segment. Inter-segment activities are eliminated in consolidation. Assets include accounts receivable, inventories, equipment, cash, deferred income taxes, prepaid expenses and other long-term assets. The Company accounts for inter-segment sales and transfers at terms that allow a reasonable profit to the seller. During the periods reported there were no significant inter-segment sales or transfers.

     The Company’s reportable operating segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business utilizes different technology and requires different marketing strategies. All of the businesses except for Giga-tronics Instrument Division were acquired. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is considered to be the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues and pre-tax income by operating segment. The tables below present information for the fiscal years ended in 2005 and 2004.

     The Company’s Giga-tronics Instrument Division, ASCOR, and Microsource segments sell to agencies of the U.S. government and U.S. defense-related customers. In fiscal 2005 and 2004, U.S. government and U.S. defense-related customers accounted for 34% and 38% of sales, respectively. During fiscal 2004, an electronic instrument manufacturer accounted for 12% of the Company’s consolidated revenue and less than 1% of accounts receivable at year-end.

     Export sales accounted for 29% and 32% of the Company’s sales in fiscal 2005 and 2004, respectively. Export sales by geographical area are shown below:

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6 Income (loss) per Share

     Net income (loss) and shares used in per share computations for the years ended March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004 are as follows:

     The number of stock options not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the period ended March 26, 2005 reflects stock options where the exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares and are, therefore, antidilutive. The number of stock options not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the period ended March 27, 2004 is a result of the Company’s loss from continuing operations and, therefore, all of the options are antidilutive.

7 Income Taxes

     Following are the components of the provision for income taxes:

     The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

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     The effective income tax expense differs from the amount computed by multiplying the statutory federal income tax by the income before income tax expense due to the following:

     As of March 26, 2005 and March 27, 2004, the Company had pre-tax federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $37,854 and $18,061 and $31,802 and $8,503, respectively, available to reduce future taxable income. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire from fiscal 2006 through 2025 and from fiscal 2006 through 2015, respectively. The federal and state income tax credits begin to expire from fiscal 2021 through 2025 and from fiscal 2010 through 2011, respectively. Utilization of net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to annual limitations due to certain ownership change limitations as required by Internal Revenue Code Section 382.

     During 2004, the Company liquidated two subsidiaries, Ultracision and Viking, in connection with the sale of its Dymatix Division, resulting in additional pre-tax net operating losses of $7,400.

     The Company has recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets, which may not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets become deductible, management believes it more likely than not that the Company will not realize benefits of these deductible differences as of March 26, 2005. The change in valuation allowance from March 27, 2004 to March 26, 2005 was $2,437. The change in valuation allowance from March 29, 2003 to March 27, 2004 was $2,519.

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8 Stock Options and Employee Benefit Plans

Stock Option Plans The Company established a 1990 Stock Option Plan which provided for the granting of options for up to 700,000 shares of common stock. The Company established the 2000 Stock Option Plan, which provides for the granting of options for up to 700,000 shares of common stock at 100% of fair market value at the date of grant, with each grant requiring approval by the Board of Directors of the Company. Options granted vest in one or more installments, ranging from 2003 to 2010, and must be exercised while the grantee is employed by the Company or within a certain period after termination of employment. Options granted to employees shall not have terms in excess of 10 years from the grant date. Holders of options may be granted stock appreciation rights, which entitle them to surrender outstanding options for a cash distribution under certain changes in ownership of the Company, as defined in the stock option plan. As of March 26, 2005, no SAR’s have been granted under the option plan. As of March 26, 2005, the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance is 54,150 under the 1990 and 2000 stock option plans. All outstanding options have a term of five years.

     Following is a summary of stock option activity:

     Following is a summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable:

     Options Outstanding and Exercisable as of March 26, 2005, by Price Range