GLOBE LIFE INC. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to ________

Commission File Number: 001-08052

GLOBE LIFE INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						63-0780404
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3700 South Stonebridge Drive, McKinney, Texas 75070

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(972) 569-4000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

NONE

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share	GL	New York Stock Exchange
4.250% Junior Subordinated Debentures	GL PRD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.


Class						Outstanding at October 31, 2022
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value						97,270,229

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Globe Life Inc.

Table of Contents


			Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6

		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
		Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies	7
		Note 2—New Accounting Standards	8
		Note 3—Supplemental Information about Changes to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	10
		Note 4—Investments	11
		Note 5—Commitments and Contingencies	23
		Note 6—Liability for Unpaid Claims	24
		Note 7—Postretirement Benefits	25
		Note 8—Earnings Per Share	27
		Note 9—Debt	28
		Note 10—Business Segments	29


		Cautionary Statements	36

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	69

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	69

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	69

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	70

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	70

	Item 6.	Exhibits	71

Signatures			72

As used in this Form 10-Q, “Globe Life,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Globe Life Inc., a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1979, its subsidiaries and affiliates.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)



	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed maturities—available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 2022—$18,173,471; 2021—$17,805,309, allowance for credit losses: 2022— $0; 2021— $387)	$	16,005,140	$	21,305,287
Policy loans	605,426		589,634
Other long-term investments (includes: 2022—$748,219; 2021—$640,263 under the fair value option)	907,390		793,925
Short-term investments	85,773		69,145
Total investments	17,603,729		22,757,991
Cash	85,586		92,163
Accrued investment income	269,212		251,307
Other receivables	475,363		487,443
Deferred acquisition costs	5,162,172		4,914,728
Goodwill	481,791		481,791
Other assets	760,935		782,625

Total assets	$	24,838,788	$	29,768,048
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits	$	16,556,827	$	16,034,727
Unearned and advance premium	64,223		65,472
Policy claims and other benefits payable	417,739		412,940
Other policyholders' funds	103,161		98,935
Total policy liabilities	17,141,950		16,612,074
Current and deferred income taxes	568,282		1,765,021
Short-term debt	434,737		479,644
Long-term debt (estimated fair value: 2022—$1,445,523; 2021—$1,667,009)	1,627,547		1,546,494
Other liabilities	704,674		722,009

Total liabilities	20,477,190		21,125,242
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 5)
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $1 per share—5,000,000 shares authorized; outstanding: 0 in 2022 and 2021	—		—
Common stock, par value $1 per share—320,000,000 shares authorized; outstanding: (2022—109,218,183 issued; 2021—109,218,183 issued)	109,218		109,218
Additional paid-in-capital	540,636		520,564
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,811,549)		2,677,583
Retained earnings	6,633,369		6,182,100
Treasury stock, at cost: (2022—12,225,433 shares; 2021—9,650,845 shares)	(1,110,076)		(846,659)
Total shareholders' equity	4,361,598		8,642,806
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	24,838,788	$	29,768,048

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue:
Life premium	$	755,115	$	728,924	$	2,269,641	$	2,165,213
Health premium	319,289		299,143		955,478		888,902
Other premium	1		—		1		1
Total premium	1,074,405		1,028,067		3,225,120		3,054,116
Net investment income	245,625		238,975		733,101		713,103
Realized gains (losses)	(29,155)		10,475		(66,845)		47,286

Other income	398		321		861		1,004
Total revenue	1,291,273		1,277,838		3,892,237		3,815,509

Benefits and expenses:
Life policyholder benefits	494,627		516,196		1,555,004		1,532,298
Health policyholder benefits	198,415		187,906		592,488		564,589
Other policyholder benefits	6,986		7,303		21,110		21,848
Total policyholder benefits	700,028		711,405		2,168,602		2,118,735

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	156,129		151,593		469,718		452,607
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	93,028		82,774		277,436		244,752
Other operating expense	88,140		80,385		262,150		240,750
Interest expense	23,965		20,886		65,737		63,833
Total benefits and expenses	1,061,290		1,047,043		3,243,643		3,120,677

Income before income taxes	229,983		230,795		648,594		694,832
Income tax benefit (expense)	(43,204)		(41,924)		(120,450)		(127,826)



Net income	$	186,779	$	188,871	$	528,144	$	567,006




Basic net income per common share	$	1.92	$	1.86	$	5.38	$	5.53




Diluted net income per common share	$	1.90	$	1.84	$	5.33	$	5.46

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	186,779	$	188,871	$	528,144	$	567,006

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Investments:
Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period	(1,368,910)		(95,906)		(5,704,042)		(453,917)

Other reclassification adjustments included in net income	12,142		(14,599)		30,371		(31,096)
Foreign exchange adjustment on fixed maturities recorded at fair value	2,856		(519)		4,975		4,141



Total unrealized investment gains (losses)	(1,353,912)		(111,024)		(5,668,696)		(480,872)
Less applicable tax (expense) benefit	284,319		23,317		1,190,428		100,984
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax	(1,069,593)		(87,707)		(4,478,268)		(379,888)

Deferred acquisition costs:
Unrealized gains (losses) attributable to deferred acquisition costs	4,699		432		11,154		1,199
Less applicable tax (expense) benefit	(988)		(91)		(2,343)		(252)
Unrealized gains (losses) attributable to deferred acquisition costs, net of tax	3,711		341		8,811		947

Foreign exchange translation:
Foreign exchange translation adjustments, other than securities	(21,379)		(6,839)		(35,220)		(1,276)
Less applicable tax (expense) benefit	4,488		1,437		7,395		269
Foreign exchange translation adjustments, other than securities, net of tax	(16,891)		(5,402)		(27,825)		(1,007)

Pension:



Pension adjustments	3,438		5,198		10,316		15,598
Less applicable tax (expense) benefit	(721)		(1,090)		(2,166)		(3,275)
Pension adjustments, net of tax	2,717		4,108		8,150		12,323

Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,080,056)		(88,660)		(4,489,132)		(367,625)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(893,277)	$	100,211	$	(3,960,988)	$	199,381

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	—	$	109,218	$	520,564	$	2,677,583	$	6,182,100	$	(846,659)	$	8,642,806


Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(1,808,088)		164,361		—		(1,643,727)
Common dividends declared ($0.2075 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,543)		—		(20,543)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(119,482)		(119,482)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		2,504		—		(345)		6,876		9,035
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(9,964)		35,895		25,931

Balance at March 31, 2022	—		109,218		523,068		869,495		6,315,609		(923,370)		6,894,020

Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(1,600,988)		177,004		—		(1,423,984)
Common dividends declared ($0.2075 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,238)		—		(20,238)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(143,939)		(143,939)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		8,448		—		—		—		8,448
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(2,419)		11,222		8,803

Balance at June 30, 2022	—		109,218		531,516		(731,493)		6,469,956		(1,056,087)		5,323,110



Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(1,080,056)		186,779		—		(893,277)
Common dividends declared ($0.2075 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,126)		—		(20,126)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(72,031)		(72,031)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		9,120		—		—		—		9,120
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(3,240)		18,042		14,802

Balance at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	109,218	$	540,636	$	(1,811,549)	$	6,633,369	$	(1,110,076)	$	4,361,598

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total Shareholders' Equity

Balance at December 31, 2020	$	—	$	113,218	$	527,435	$	3,029,244	$	5,874,109	$	(772,914)	$	8,771,092


Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(1,004,729)		178,517		—		(826,212)
Common dividends declared ($0.1975 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,435)		—		(20,435)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(132,720)		(132,720)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		(11,422)		—		1,168		18,142		7,888
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(12,807)		45,531		32,724


Balance at March 31, 2021	—		113,218		516,013		2,024,515		6,020,552		(841,961)		7,832,337

Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		725,764		199,618		—		925,382
Common dividends declared ($0.1975 per share)	—		—		—		—		(20,171)		—		(20,171)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(162,864)		(162,864)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		8,634		—		—		—		8,634
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(14,033)		47,637		33,604

Balance at June 30, 2021	—		113,218		524,647		2,750,279		6,185,966		(957,188)		8,616,922



Comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		(88,660)		188,871		—		100,211
Common dividends declared ($0.1975 per share)	—		—		—		—		(19,981)		—		(19,981)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		—		—		—		—		(97,796)		(97,796)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		9,036		—		(1,260)		—		7,776
Exercise of stock options	—		—		—		—		(335)		1,354		1,019

Balance at September 30, 2021	$	—	$	113,218	$	533,683	$	2,661,619	$	6,353,261	$	(1,053,630)	$	8,608,151

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021













Cash provided from (used for) operating activities	$	1,050,387	$	1,060,022

Cash provided from (used for) investing activities:
Investments sold or matured:
Fixed maturities available for sale—sold	346,722		91,795
Fixed maturities available for sale—matured or other redemptions	387,787		249,653
Other long-term investments	55,877		36,060
Total investments sold or matured	790,386		377,508
Acquisition of investments:
Fixed maturities—available for sale	(1,178,751)		(687,993)
Other long-term investments	(186,275)		(206,609)
Total investments acquired	(1,365,026)		(894,602)
Net (increase) decrease in policy loans	(15,792)		(1,412)
Net (increase) decrease in short-term investments	(16,628)		14,418


Additions to properties	(19,766)		(30,730)
Other investing activities	—		(59,200)
Investments in low-income housing interests	(64,023)		(35,236)
Cash provided from (used for) investing activities	(690,849)		(629,254)

Cash provided from (used for) financing activities:
Issuance of common stock	49,536		67,347
Cash dividends paid to shareholders	(60,441)		(60,068)
Repayment of debt	(150,000)		(300,000)
Proceeds from issuance of debt	250,492		325,000
Payment for debt issuance costs	(5,272)		(7,639)
Net borrowing (repayment) of commercial paper	(60,582)		(10,991)
Acquisition of treasury stock	(335,452)		(393,380)
Net receipts (payments) from deposit-type products	(66,078)		(48,276)
Cash provided from (used for) financing activities	(377,797)		(428,007)

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	11,682		(1,283)
Net increase (decrease) in cash	(6,577)		1,478
Cash at beginning of year	92,163		94,847
Cash at end of period	$	85,586	$	96,325

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies

Business: (Globe Life), (the Company), refers to Globe Life Inc., an insurance holding company incorporated in Delaware in 1979, and Globe Life Inc. subsidiaries and affiliates. Globe Life Inc.'s direct or indirect primary subsidiaries are Globe Life And Accident Insurance Company, American Income Life Insurance Company, Liberty National Life Insurance Company, Family Heritage Life Insurance Company of America, and United American Insurance Company. The underwriting companies are owned by their ultimate corporate parent, Globe Life Inc. (the Parent Company).

Globe Life provides a variety of life and supplemental health insurance products and annuities to a broad base of customers. The Company is organized into four reportable segments: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, annuities, and investments.

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Globe Life have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Therefore, they do not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for annual financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial position at September 30, 2022, and the condensed consolidated results of operations, comprehensive income, and cash flows for the periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The interim period condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements that are included in the Form 10-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 24, 2022.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. See further documentation in the significant accounting policies or the accompanying notes.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 2—New Accounting Standards

Accounting Pronouncements Yet to be Adopted

ASU No. 2018-12 / 2019-09 / 2020-11, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, with clarification guidance issued in November 2019 and 2020.

ASU 2018-12 is a significant change to the accounting and disclosure of long-duration life and health insurance contracts. The guidance was issued primarily to: 1) improve the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits and modify the rate used to discount future cash flows, 2) simplify and improve the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit (or account balance) contracts, 3) simplify the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, and 4) improve the effectiveness of the required disclosures.

As a result of the issuance of ASU 2020-11 in November 2020, the effective date for this standard was changed to January 1, 2023. Early adoption is available; however, the Company will not early adopt the standard and has selected the modified retrospective transition method upon adoption as of the transition date (“Transition Date”) of January 1, 2021. The modified retrospective transition method requires the amended guidance be applied to contracts issued after the beginning of the earliest period presented, or the Transition Date, which will result in the restatement of the 2021 and 2022 consolidated financial statements.

In summary, the Company continues to assess the impact the adoption will have on the consolidated financial statements and has determined it will have a significant impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, and the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). On a quarterly basis, the Company’s future policy benefits will be remeasured utilizing an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield and the effects of the change will be recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”), a component of shareholders’ equity. At least annually, the Company will update its estimate of cash flows used for establishing reserves using actual historical experience and updated future cash flow assumptions, such as mortality, morbidity, and persistency. Finally, the adoption requires changes in the future treatment of our Deferred Acquisition Cost (“DAC”) asset and is expected to result in a significant reduction to DAC amortization in the near to intermediate term.

On the Transition Date, the Company expects a decrease in AOCI due to the requirement to re-measure future policy benefits using a discount rate currently lower than what is used in valuing the future policy benefits under existing guidance. The methodology for determining current discount rates consists of constructing a discount rate curve intended to be reflective of the currency and tenor of the insurance liability cash flows. Discount rates reflect upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yields, which generally consist of single-A rated fixed income instruments. The methodology is designed to prioritize observable inputs based on market data available in the local debt markets denominated in the same currency as the policies. For the discount rates applicable to tenors for which the single-A debt market is not liquid or there is little or no observable market data, the Company will use estimation techniques consistent with the fair value guidance in ASC 820. It is important to note that the impact to AOCI is sensitive to the discount rate assumption and associated fluctuations.

On the Transition Date, using current discount rates applicable at that time, we expect the after-tax impact to AOCI to be a decrease in the range of $7.5 billion to $8.5 billion due to a $9.5 billion to $11.0 billion increase in future policy benefits. Holding all else equal but using discount rates as of September 30, 2022, the increase in future policy benefits would have been $1.2 billion to $2.0 billion. Under the new standard, the future policy benefits recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are different than those used in the determination of net income. Future policy benefits recorded within the Consolidated Balance Sheets are determined using current discount rates as of the valuation date, while future policy benefits used for the determination of net income are determined using locked-in discount rates1 based on policy issue dates. On the Transition Date, two significant drivers of the increase in future policy benefits and decrease in AOCI within the Consolidated Balance Sheets are the lower level of current discount rates as compared to the locked-in discount rates used under prior guidance and the long average life of

1 Locked-in discount rates are those discount rates which are established at issue and locked-in for each year of issue for use in establishing reserves to compute net income.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

the Company’s life insurance cash flows. Another driver of the large increase in future policy benefits is the required use of the same net premium ratio2 using locked-in discount rates and current discount rates.

The new guidance requires a more granular assessment of the net premium ratio. Any blocks of business that require increases in future policy benefits to minimum levels, or that have a net premium ratio greater than 100%, will require an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (decrease). At the Transition Date, we expect a $15 million to $50 million, net of tax, decrease to opening retained earnings related to these items.

Under the new standard, the annual amortization of DAC in our Consolidated Statements of Operations will be significantly lower in the near and intermediate term due to: 1) the requirement to no longer defer renewal commissions until such year as the commissions are actually incurred, 2) the requirement to no longer accrue and amortize interest on our DAC balances, and 3) the modification of the method for amortizing DAC including the updating of assumptions. For business with deferrals of renewal commissions, as is the case with our captive agency channels, the expected amortization rate, as a percentage of premium, for certain blocks of business will no longer be level but will increase over the period of time during which commissions are deferred. The decrease in amortization in the near term will primarily impact our life insurance line of business. In total, we expect the impact on net income from the decrease in amortization to be in the range of $120 million to $145 million, net of tax, related to the restatement of prior periods. As time progresses, we expect this impact to diminish as the deferral of future renewal commissions increases amortization amounts.

Policyholder benefits, as reported in our Consolidated Statement of Operations, will be restated in 2021 and 2022 under the new guidance. It is expected to be lower in 2021 and 2022, resulting in higher net income for those respective periods than under the current guidance. Going forward, fluctuations in experience and changes in assumptions will result in changes in both future policy obligations and amortization of DAC as a percent of premium.

While the requirements of the new guidance represent a change from existing GAAP, the new guidance will not impact capital and surplus or net income under statutory accounting practices, cash flows on our policies, or the underlying economics of our business.

ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions

ASU 2022-03 adds disclosure requirements specific to equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The disclosures clarify the nature of the contractual sale as well as the duration of the restriction and the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restriction.

This standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2024, and will be implemented on a prospective basis. Early adoption is available. The Company does not expect the standard will have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

2 The net premium ratio is the ratio between the present value of benefits and the present value of gross premium.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 3—Supplemental Information about Changes to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: An analysis of the change in balance by component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income is as follows for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Available for Sale Assets		Deferred Acquisition Costs		Foreign Exchange		Pension Adjustments		Total
Balance at July 1, 2022	$	(643,385)	$	1,682	$	8,453	$	(98,243)	$	(731,493)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(1,079,185)		3,711		(16,891)		—		(1,092,365)
Reclassifications, net of tax	9,592		—		—		2,717		12,309
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,069,593)		3,711		(16,891)		2,717		(1,080,056)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	(1,712,978)	$	5,393	$	(8,438)	$	(95,526)	$	(1,811,549)



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Available for Sale Assets		Deferred Acquisition Costs		Foreign Exchange		Pension Adjustments		Total
Balance at July 1, 2021	$	2,883,391	$	(4,098)	$	27,697	$	(156,711)	$	2,750,279
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(76,174)		341		(5,402)		—		(81,235)
Reclassifications, net of tax	(11,533)		—		—		4,108		(7,425)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(87,707)		341		(5,402)		4,108		(88,660)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	2,795,684	$	(3,757)	$	22,295	$	(152,603)	$	2,661,619


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Available for Sale Assets		Deferred Acquisition Costs		Foreign Exchange		Pension Adjustments		Total
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	2,765,290	$	(3,418)	$	19,387	$	(103,676)	$	2,677,583
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(4,502,261)		8,811		(27,825)		—		(4,521,275)
Reclassifications, net of tax	23,993		—		—		8,150		32,143
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(4,478,268)		8,811		(27,825)		8,150		(4,489,132)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	(1,712,978)	$	5,393	$	(8,438)	$	(95,526)	$	(1,811,549)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Available for Sale Assets		Deferred Acquisition Costs		Foreign Exchange		Pension Adjustments		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	3,175,572	$	(4,704)	$	23,302	$	(164,926)	$	3,029,244
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax	(355,322)		947		(1,007)		—		(355,382)
Reclassifications, net of tax	(24,566)		—		—		12,323		(12,243)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(379,888)		947		(1,007)		12,323		(367,625)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	2,795,684	$	(3,757)	$	22,295	$	(152,603)	$	2,661,619

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Reclassification Adjustments: Reclassification adjustments out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income are presented below for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Affected line items in the Statement of Operations
Component Line Item	2022		2021		2022		2021
Unrealized investment (gains) losses on available for sale assets:
Realized (gains) losses	$	12,256	$	(16,269)	$	29,741	$	(35,925)	Realized (gains) losses

Amortization of (discount) premium	(114)		1,670		630		4,829		Net investment income
Total before tax	12,142		(14,599)		30,371		(31,096)
Tax	(2,550)		3,066		(6,378)		6,530		Income taxes
Total after-tax	9,592		(11,533)		23,993		(24,566)
Pension adjustments:
Amortization of prior service cost	158		158		474		474		Other operating expense
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss	3,280		5,040		9,842		15,124		Other operating expense
Total before tax	3,438		5,198		10,316		15,598
Tax	(721)		(1,090)		(2,166)		(3,275)		Income taxes
Total after-tax	2,717		4,108		8,150		12,323
Total reclassification (after-tax)	$	12,309	$	(7,425)	$	32,143	$	(12,243)

Note 4—Investments

Portfolio Composition: Summaries of fixed maturities available for sale by amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows. Redeemable preferred stock is included within "Corporates, by sector."


	At September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value(1)		% of Total Fixed Maturities(2)
Fixed maturities available for sale:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	389,357	$	—	$	2	$	(36,510)	$	352,849	2
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions	2,739,017		—		24,724		(598,476)		2,165,265		14
Foreign governments	50,144		—		42		(10,277)		39,909		—
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	4,818,454		—		49,913		(552,378)		4,315,989		27
Utilities	1,906,747		—		30,252		(144,762)		1,792,237		11
Energy	1,466,551		—		14,281		(135,922)		1,344,910		8
Other corporate sectors	6,677,566		—		49,208		(866,795)		5,859,979		37
Total corporates	14,869,318		—		143,654		(1,699,857)		13,313,115		83
Collateralized debt obligations	36,721		—		13,874		—		50,595		—
Other asset-backed securities	88,914		—		5		(5,512)		83,407		1
Total fixed maturities	$	18,173,471	$	—	$	182,301	$	(2,350,632)	$	16,005,140	100

(1)Amount reported in the balance sheet.

(2)At fair value.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	At December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value(1)		% of Total Fixed Maturities(2)
Fixed maturities available for sale:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	383,083	$	—	$	64,513	$	(164)	$	447,432	2
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions	2,252,997		—		239,135		(2,907)		2,489,225		12
Foreign governments	59,861		—		900		(5,132)		55,629		—
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	4,569,160		(387)		907,741		(9,349)		5,467,165		26
Utilities	1,931,391		—		490,119		(1,012)		2,420,498		11
Energy	1,587,892		—		346,780		(1,683)		1,932,989		9
Other corporate sectors	6,879,459		—		1,454,464		(13,362)		8,320,561		39
Total corporates	14,967,902		(387)		3,199,104		(25,406)		18,141,213		85
Collateralized debt obligations	36,468		—		27,037		—		63,505		—
Other asset-backed securities	104,998		—		3,715		(430)		108,283		1
Total fixed maturities	$	17,805,309	$	(387)	$	3,534,404	$	(34,039)	$	21,305,287	100

(1)Amount reported in the balance sheet.

(2)At fair value.

A schedule of fixed maturities available for sale by contractual maturity date at September 30, 2022, is shown below on an amortized cost basis, net of allowance for credit losses, and on a fair value basis. Actual disposition dates could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions.


	At September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost, net		Fair Value
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Due in one year or less	$	162,473	$	163,087
Due after one year through five years	1,020,894		1,021,499
Due after five years through ten years	1,716,490		1,695,969
Due after ten years through twenty years	7,477,686		6,932,181
Due after twenty years	7,670,293		6,058,402
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities	125,635		134,002
	$	18,173,471	$	16,005,140

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Analysis of Investment Operations: "Net investment income" for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		% Change	2022		2021		% Change
Fixed maturities available for sale	$	227,673	$	223,287	2	$	679,710	$	668,284	2
Policy loans	11,716		11,376		3	34,724		33,968		2
Other long-term investments(1)	10,933		9,390		16	34,349		26,432		30
Short-term investments	969		10			1,093		20
	251,291		244,063		3	749,876		728,704		3
Less investment expense	(5,666)		(5,088)		11	(16,775)		(15,601)		8
Net investment income	$	245,625	$	238,975	3	$	733,101	$	713,103	3

(1)For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $8.4 million and $7.1 million of distributions, respectively, in net investment income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the investment funds, accounted for under the fair value option method, recorded $27.7 million and $19.4 million of distributions, respectively, in net investment income. Refer to Other Long-Term Investments below for further discussion on the investment funds.

Selected information about sales of fixed maturities available for sale is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Proceeds from sales(1)	$	127,695	$	17,085	$	346,722	$	91,795
Gross realized gains	165		304		938		1,438
Gross realized losses	(11,537)		—		(56,384)		(12,101)

(1)There were no unsettled sales in the periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

An analysis of "Realized gains (losses)" is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Realized investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Sales and other(1)	$	(12,256)	$	16,269	$	(30,128)	$	32,578

Provision for credit losses	—		—		387		3,346
Fair value option—change in fair value	(11,551)		1,585		(15,942)		14,013
Other investments	(5,348)		1,935		(21,162)		6,663
Realized gains (losses) from investments	(29,155)		19,789		(66,845)		56,600
Realized loss on redemption of debt	—		(9,314)		—		(9,314)
Total realized gains (losses)	(29,155)		10,475		(66,845)		47,286
Applicable tax	6,122		(2,200)		14,037		(9,930)
Realized gains (losses), net of tax	$	(23,033)	$	8,275	$	(52,808)	$	37,356

(1)During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $22.1 million and $0 of exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in $0 and $0, respectively, in realized gains (losses). During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $24.0 million and $108.3 million of exchanges of fixed maturities (noncash transactions) that resulted in $0 and $25.2 million, respectively, in realized gains (losses).

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Fair Value Measurements: The following tables represent the fair value of fixed maturities measured on a recurring basis at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


	Fair Value Measurement at September 30, 2022 Using:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities available for sale
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	—		$	352,849		$	—		$	352,849
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions	—			2,165,265			—			2,165,265
Foreign governments	—			39,909			—			39,909
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	—			4,202,350			113,639			4,315,989
Utilities	—			1,681,228			111,009			1,792,237
Energy	—			1,333,105			11,805			1,344,910
Other corporate sectors	—			5,611,867			248,112			5,859,979
Total corporates	—			12,828,550			484,565			13,313,115
Collateralized debt obligations	—			—			50,595			50,595
Other asset-backed securities	—			83,407			—			83,407
Total fixed maturities	$	—		$	15,469,980		$	535,160		$	16,005,140
Percentage of total	—		%	97		%	3		%	100		%


	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2021 Using:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities available for sale
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	—		$	447,432		$	—		$	447,432
States, municipalities, and political subdivisions	—			2,489,225			—			2,489,225
Foreign governments	—			55,629			—			55,629
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	—			5,303,547			163,618			5,467,165
Utilities	—			2,266,231			154,267			2,420,498
Energy	—			1,919,416			13,573			1,932,989
Other corporate sectors	—			8,010,331			310,230			8,320,561
Total corporates	—			17,499,525			641,688			18,141,213
Collateralized debt obligations	—			—			63,505			63,505
Other asset-backed securities	—			108,283			—			108,283
Total fixed maturities	$	—		$	20,600,094		$	705,193		$	21,305,287
Percentage of total	—		%	97		%	3		%	100		%

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables represent changes in fixed maturities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):


	Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Asset- backed Securities			Collateralized Debt Obligations			Corporates			Total
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	—		$	63,505		$	641,688		$	705,193

Included in realized gains / losses	—			—			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—			(13,163)			(114,525)			(127,688)
Acquisitions	—			—			—			—
Sales	—			—			—			—
Amortization	—			3,382			6			3,388
Other(1)	—			(3,129)			(42,604)			(45,733)
Transfers into Level 3(2)	—			—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3(2)	—			—			—			—
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	—		$	50,595		$	484,565		$	535,160
Percent of total fixed maturities	—		%	—		%	3		%	3		%

(1)Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments.

(2)Considered to be transferred at the end of the period. Transfers into Level 3 occur when observable inputs are no longer available. Transfers out of Level 3 occur when observable inputs become available.


	Analysis of Changes in Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Asset- backed Securities			Collateralized Debt Obligations			Corporates			Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	12,870		$	71,598		$	714,505		$	798,973

Included in realized gains / losses	(82)			(6,787)			2,733			(4,136)
Included in other comprehensive income	63			12,482			(15,346)			(2,801)
Acquisitions	—			—			25,000			25,000
Sales	(12,851)			(13,213)			—			(26,064)
Amortization	—			3,388			8			3,396
Other(1)	—			(4,307)			(72,730)			(77,037)
Transfers into Level 3(2)	—			—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3(2)	—			—			—			—
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	—		$	63,161		$	654,170		$	717,331
Percent of total fixed maturities	—		%	—		%	3		%	3		%

(1)Includes capitalized interest, foreign exchange adjustments, and principal repayments.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following table presents changes in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period for Level 3s:



	Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) included in Other Comprehensive Income for Assets Held at the End of the Period
	Asset- backed Securities		Collateralized Debt Obligations		Corporates		Total
At September 30, 2022	$	—	$	(13,163)	$	(114,525)	$	(127,688)
At September 30, 2021	63		12,482		(15,346)		(2,801)

Unrealized Loss Analysis: The following table discloses information about fixed maturities available for sale in an unrealized loss position.


	Less than Twelve Months	Twelve Months or Longer	Total
Number of issues (CUSIPs) held:
As of September 30, 2022	1,886	122	2,008
As of December 31, 2021	138	42	180

Globe Life's entire fixed maturity portfolio consisted of 2,275 issues by 957 different issuers at September 30, 2022 and 2,060 issues by 843 different issuers at December 31, 2021. The weighted-average quality rating of all unrealized loss positions at amortized cost was A- as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

GL Q3 2022 FORM 10-Q

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables disclose unrealized investment losses by class and major sector of fixed maturities available for sale at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses


	At September 30, 2022
	Less than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Longer				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Investment grade securities:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	349,350	$	(35,764)	$	3,416	$	(746)	$	352,766	$	(36,510)
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	1,728,650		(562,887)		52,359		(35,589)		1,781,009		(598,476)
Foreign governments	5,754		(142)		23,983		(10,135)		29,737		(10,277)
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	2,895,779		(490,451)		75,439		(27,653)		2,971,218		(518,104)
Utilities	1,114,356		(135,376)		20,829		(6,416)		1,135,185		(141,792)
Energy	958,397		(125,270)		—		—		958,397		(125,270)
Other corporate sectors	4,378,481		(799,054)		80,275		(37,894)		4,458,756		(836,948)
Total corporates	9,347,013		(1,550,151)		176,543		(71,963)		9,523,556		(1,622,114)
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	61,532		(4,177)		9,712		(711)		71,244		(4,888)
Total investment grade securities	11,492,299		(2,153,121)		266,013		(119,144)		11,758,312		(2,272,265)

Below investment grade securities:
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		—		—		—		—		—

Corporates, by sector:
Financial	127,557		(18,081)		39,446		(16,193)		167,003		(34,274)
Utilities	27,925		(2,970)		—		—		27,925		(2,970)
Energy	14,220		(2,453)		19,868		(8,199)		34,088		(10,652)
Other corporate sectors	167,639		(25,403)		6,861		(4,444)		174,500		(29,847)
Total corporates	337,341		(48,907)		66,175		(28,836)		403,516		(77,743)
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	—		—		12,083		(624)		12,083		(624)
Total below investment grade securities	337,341		(48,907)		78,258		(29,460)		415,599		(78,367)
Total fixed maturities	$	11,829,640	$	(2,202,028)	$	344,271	$	(148,604)	$	12,173,911	$	(2,350,632)

Gross unrealized losses may fluctuate quarter over quarter due to adverse factors in the market that affect our holdings, such as changes in interest rates or credit spreads. The Company considers many factors when determining whether an allowance for a credit loss should be recorded. While the Company holds securities that may be in an unrealized loss position from time to time, Globe Life does not generally intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the fixed maturities prior to their anticipated recovery or maturity due to the strong cash flows generated by its insurance operations.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Analysis of Gross Unrealized Investment Losses


	At December 31, 2021
	Less than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Longer				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities available for sale:
Investment grade securities:
U.S. Government direct, guaranteed, and government-sponsored enterprises	$	118	$	(1)	$	3,867	$	(163)	$	3,985	$	(164)
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	141,310		(2,824)		2,436		(83)		143,746		(2,907)
Foreign governments	12,567		(561)		23,144		(4,571)		35,711		(5,132)
Corporates, by sector:
Financial	133,654		(1,507)		52,864		(1,932)		186,518		(3,439)
Utilities	25,447		(692)		2,372		(320)		27,819		(1,012)
Energy	6,519		(238)		—		—		6,519		(238)
Other corporate sectors	115,444		(3,566)		40,249		(3,670)		155,693		(7,236)
Total corporates	281,064		(6,003)		95,485		(5,922)		376,549		(11,925)
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	10,489		(16)		1		—		10,490		(16)
Total investment grade securities	445,548		(9,405)		124,933		(10,739)		570,481		(20,144)

Below investment grade securities:
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		—		—		—		—		—

Corporates, by sector:
Financial	15,695		(272)		56,897		(5,638)		72,592		(5,910)
Utilities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Energy	—		—		26,639		(1,445)		26,639		(1,445)
Other corporate sectors	700		(11)		26,581		(6,115)		27,281		(6,126)
Total corporates	16,395		(283)		110,117		(13,198)		126,512		(13,481)
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	—		—		13,043		(414)		13,043		(414)
Total below investment grade securities	16,395		(283)		123,160		(13,612)		139,555		(13,895)
Total fixed maturities	$	461,943	$	(9,688)	$	248,093	$	(24,351)	$	710,036	$	(34,039)

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Fixed Maturities, Allowance for Credit Losses: A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses is as follows.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Allowance for credit losses beginning balance	$	—	$	—	$	387	$	3,346
Additions to allowance for which credit losses were not previously recorded	—		—		—		—
Additions (reductions) to allowance for fixed maturities that previously had an allowance	—		—		—		—
Reduction of allowance for which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell or sold during the period	—		—		(387)		(3,346)
Allowance for credit losses ending balance	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any fixed maturities in non-accrual status.

Other Long-Term Investments: Other long-term investments consist of the following assets:



	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Investment funds	$	748,219	$	640,263
Commercial mortgage loan participations	140,069		141,843
Other	19,102		11,819
Total	$	907,390	$	793,925

The following table presents additional information about the Company's investment funds as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 at fair value:



	Fair Value				Unfunded Commitments
Investment Category	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2022		Redemption Term/Notice




Commercial mortgage loans	$	425,189	$	423,776	$	354,361	Fully redeemable and non-redeemable with varying terms.
Opportunistic credit	159,972		178,215		—		Initial 2 year lock on each new investment/semi-annual withdrawals thereafter/full redemption within 36 month period.


Infrastructure	149,532		22,664		30,338		Fully redeemable and non-redeemable with varying terms.


Other	13,526		15,608		127,500
Total investment funds	$	748,219	$	640,263	$	512,199

The Company had $165 million of capital called during the year from existing investment funds. Our unfunded commitments were $512 million as of September 30, 2022.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Commercial Mortgage Loan Participations (commercial mortgage loans): Summaries of commercial mortgage loans by property type and geographical location at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows:



	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value		% of Total	Carrying Value		% of Total
Property type:
Mixed use	$	62,239	45	$	57,996	41
Hospitality	20,767		15	23,186		16
Retail	19,423		14	19,811		14
Industrial	17,308		12	17,900		13
Multi-family	14,386		10	14,872		11
Office	8,106		6	8,905		6

Total recorded investment	142,229		102	142,670		101
Less allowance for credit losses	(2,160)		(2)	(827)		(1)
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	140,069	100	$	141,843	100


	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value		% of Total	Carrying Value		% of Total
Geographic location:
California	$	68,698	49	$	67,659	48
New York	19,452		14	18,373		13
Pennsylvania	11,673		8	11,673		8
Indiana	9,717		7	9,717		7
Florida	8,279		6	8,213		6
Texas	6,136		5	5,898		4
Other	18,274		13	21,137		15
Total recorded investment	142,229		102	142,670		101
Less allowance for credit losses	(2,160)		(2)	(827)		(1)
Carrying value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	140,069	100	$	141,843	100

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables are reflective of Management's internal risk ratings of the loan portfolio. Loans are rated low, moderate, and high. The risk categories consider many different factors such as quality of asset, borrower status, as well as macroeconomic factors including COVID-19. These loans, originated in 2017 to 2022, are transitional or under construction and may not yet be income producing. Certain ratios, such as loan to value and debt service coverage ratios, may not be evaluated as the value of the underlying transitional property significantly fluctuates based on completion of the project.


	Net Book Value of Commercial Mortgage Loans Receivable by Year of Origination
	As of September 30, 2022
Risk Rating:	Number of Loans	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Total
Low	14	$	3,000	$	—	$	27,181	$	12,337	$	35,462	$	36,188	$	114,168
Moderate	5	—		—		1,195		15,722		—		—		16,917
High	2	—		—		—		4,110		7,034		—		11,144
Total commercial mortgage loans	21	$	3,000	$	—	$	28,376	$	32,169	$	42,496	$	36,188	142,229
Less allowance for credit losses on the investment pool														(1,151)
Less allowance for credit losses on individual loans														(1,009)
Carrying value, net of valuation allowance														$	140,069


	Net Book Value of Commercial Mortgage Loans Receivable by Year of Origination
	As of December 31, 2021
Risk Rating:	Number of Loans	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Total
Low	14	$	—	$	23,636	$	11,925	$	41,209	$	35,729	$	112,499
Moderate	6	—		1,400		17,173		—		—		18,573
High	2	—		—		4,593		7,005		—		11,598
Total commercial mortgage loans	22	$	—	$	25,036	$	33,691	$	48,214	$	35,729	142,670
Less allowance for credit losses on the investment pool												(827)
Less allowance for credit losses on individual loans												—
Carrying value, net of valuation allowance												$	141,843

As of September 30, 2022, the Company evaluated the commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a pool basis to determine the allowance for credit losses. At the end of the period, the Company had 21 loans in the portfolio. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the allowance for credit losses increased $1.3 million. The provision for credit losses is included in "Realized gains (losses)" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Allowance for credit losses beginning balance	$	1,109	$	1,639	$	827	$	3,505

Provision (reversal) for credit losses	1,051		(455)		1,333		(2,321)

Allowance for credit losses ending balance	$	2,160	$	1,184	$	2,160	$	1,184

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had one commercial mortgage loan in non-accrual status, which went into foreclosure during the year. The outstanding principal balance of this loan was $4.1 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Among the remaining commercial mortgage loans, none were delinquent as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company's unfunded commitment balance to commercial loan borrowers was $21 million as of September 30, 2022.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 5—Commitments and Contingencies

Guarantees: The Parent Company has guaranteed letters of credit in connection with its credit facility with a group of banks. The letters of credit were issued by TMK Re, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary, to secure TMK Re, Ltd.’s obligation for claims on certain policies reinsured by TMK Re, Ltd. that were sold by other Globe Life insurance subsidiaries. These letters of credit facilitate TMK Re, Ltd.’s ability to reinsure the business of Globe Life's insurance carriers. The agreement was amended on September 30, 2021 and now expires in 2026. The maximum amount of letters of credit available is $250 million. The Parent Company would be liable to the extent that TMK Re, Ltd. does not pay the reinsured party. The amount outstanding at September 30, 2022 was $125 million.

Litigation: Globe Life Inc. (formerly Torchmark Corporation) and its subsidiaries, in common with the insurance industry in general, are subject to litigation, including putative class action litigation, alleged breaches of contract, torts, including bad faith and fraud claims based on alleged wrongful or fraudulent acts of agents of the Parent Company's insurance subsidiaries, employment discrimination, worker misclassification, and miscellaneous other causes of action. Based upon information presently available, and in light of legal and other factual defenses available to the Parent Company and its subsidiaries, management does not believe that it is reasonably possible that such litigation will have a material adverse effect on Globe Life's financial condition, future operating results or liquidity; however, assessing the eventual outcome of litigation necessarily involves forward-looking speculation as to judgments to be made by judges, juries and appellate courts in the future. This bespeaks caution, particularly in states with reputations for high punitive damage verdicts. Globe Life's management recognizes that large punitive damage awards bearing little or no relation to actual damages continue to be awarded by juries in jurisdictions in which the Parent Company's insurance subsidiaries have substantial business, creating the potential for unpredictable material adverse judgments in any given punitive damage suit.

On February 27, 2020, putative collective action litigation was filed against American Income in United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (Berry, et al v. American Income Life Insurance Company, et al, Case No. 2:20-cv-00110-LPL). The plaintiffs, former insurance sales agents of American Income, pursued relief on behalf of “all individuals who trained to become and/or worked as sales agents/insurance producers for American Income Life Insurance” in the three years prior to the filing of the complaint. The lawsuit alleged that agent trainees and insurance agents should have been classified as employees. It asserted a national collective action under the Fair Labor Standards Act and sought compensation for minimum wage, overtime, expense reimbursement, missed meal and rest breaks, recoupment of certain commissions and improper recordkeeping. In addition, the lawsuit asserted a class action under the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act and Pennsylvania Wage Payment and Collection Law seeking similar relief. Plaintiffs also sought liquidated damages and attorney’s fees, and asserted an unjust enrichment claim. On September 20, 2020, American Income’s motion to compel arbitration of the plaintiffs’ individual claims was granted. Thereafter, the parties negotiated the settlement of such claims for a non-material amount, individually and in the aggregate. The case was then dismissed by the Court on May 20, 2022 pursuant to a joint stipulation filed by the parties.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 6—Liability for Unpaid Claims

Activity in the liability for unpaid health claims is summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021

Balance at beginning of period	$	167,832	$	162,261
Incurred related to:
Current year	508,415		638,054
Prior year	(14,117)		(22,477)
Total incurred	494,298		615,577
Paid related to:
Current year	359,486		487,096
Prior year	124,805		122,910
Total paid	484,291		610,006
Balance at end of period	$	177,839	$	167,832

Below is the reconciliation of the liability of "Policy claims and other benefits payable" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021

Policy claims and other benefits payable:
Life insurance	$	239,900	$	245,108
Health insurance	177,839		167,832
Total	$	417,739	$	412,940

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 7—Postretirement Benefits

Globe Life has qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plans (Pension Plans) and contributory savings plans that cover substantially all employees. There is also a nonqualified noncontributory supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) that covers a limited number of officers. The tables included herein will focus on the Pension Plans and SERP.

Pension Assets: The following table presents the assets of the Company's Pension Plans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Pension Assets by Component at September 30, 2022


	Fair Value Determined by:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Amount		% of Total
Corporate bonds:
Financial	$	—	$	39,536	$	—	$	39,536	8
Utilities	—		33,005		—		33,005		7
Energy	—		17,439		—		17,439		4
Other corporates	—		59,738		—		59,738		12
Total corporate bonds	—		149,718		—		149,718		31
Exchange traded fund(1)	239,191		—		—		239,191		49
Other bonds	—		201		—		201		—
Guaranteed annuity contract(2)	—		43,433		—		43,433		9
Short-term investments	28,311		—		—		28,311		6
Other	7,538		—		—		7,538		2
	$	275,040	$	193,352	$	—	468,392		97
Other long-term investments(3)							14,237		3
Total pension assets							$	482,629	100

(1)A fund including marketable securities that mirror the S&P 500 index.

(2)Representing a guaranteed annuity contract issued by Globe Life Inc.'s subsidiary, American Income Life Insurance Company, to fund the obligations of the American Income Life Insurance Company Collective Bargaining Agreement Employees Pension Plan.

(3)Included in other long-term investments is an investment fund that reports the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan's pro-rata share of the limited partnership's net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV), as a practical expedient for fair value. The Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan owns less than 1% of the investment fund. As of September 30, 2022, the expected term of the investment fund is approximately 2 years and the commitment of the investment is fully funded. The investment is non-redeemable.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Pension Assets by Component at December 31, 2021


	Fair Value Determined by:
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Amount		% of Total
Corporate bonds:
Financial	$	—	$	52,522	$	—	$	52,522	9
Utilities	—		43,663		—		43,663		7
Energy	—		22,719		—		22,719		4
Other corporates	—		88,673		—		88,673		15
Total corporate bonds	—		207,577		—		207,577		35
Exchange traded fund(1)	315,720		—		—		315,720		52
Other bonds	—		239		—		239		—
Guaranteed annuity contract(2)	—		34,743		—		34,743		6
Short-term investments	13,731		—		—		13,731		2
Other	10,388		—		—		10,388		2
	$	339,839	$	242,559	$	—	582,398		97
Other long-term investments(3)							15,149		3
Total pension assets							$	597,547	100

(1)A fund including marketable securities that mirror the S&P 500 index.

(3)Included in other long-term investments is an investment fund that reports the Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan's pro-rata share of the limited partnership's net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV), as a practical expedient for fair value. The Globe Life Inc. Pension Plan owns approximately 1% of the investment fund. As of December 31, 2021, the expected term of the investment fund was approximately 3 years and the commitment of the investment is fully funded. The investment is non-redeemable.

SERP: The following table includes information regarding the SERP.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Premiums paid for insurance coverage	$	443	$	2,193

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Total investments:
Company owned life insurance	$	54,274	$	52,791
Exchange traded funds	68,643		87,133
	$	122,917	$	139,924

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Pension Plans and SERP Liabilities: The following table presents liabilities for the defined benefit pension plans and SERP at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Pension Plans	$	517,293	$	686,917
SERP	92,050		92,017
Pension benefit obligation	$	609,343	$	778,934

The decline in the pension benefit obligation is primarily a result of an increase in the discount rate as well as contributions made during the year.

Net Periodic Benefit Cost: The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs for the Pension Plans and SERP by expense components for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Service cost	$	8,657	$	7,919	$	25,968	$	23,755
Interest cost	6,124		5,467		18,368		16,403
Expected return on assets	(8,885)		(8,083)		(26,655)		(24,249)
Amortization:
Prior service cost	158		158		474		474
Actuarial (gain) loss	3,208		4,984		9,625		14,953


Net periodic benefit cost	$	9,262	$	10,445	$	27,780	$	31,336

Note 8—Earnings Per Share

Earnings per Share: A reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	97,258,349	101,498,408	98,244,271	102,618,327
Weighted average dilutive options outstanding	889,175	882,609	857,964	1,171,159
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	98,147,524	102,381,017	99,102,235	103,789,486

Antidilutive shares	2,602,609	2,601,499	2,351,522	2,349,321

Antidilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Note 9—Debt

On May 19, 2022, Globe Life completed the issuance of $400 million principal amount of 4.8% Senior notes due June 15, 2032, of which $150 million is owned by Globe Life affiliates. Total proceeds received by the Parent from the issuance, net of the underwriters’ discount, were $395 million. The proceeds were used to fund $300 million of 3.8% Senior notes, of which $150 million was owned by Globe life affiliates, that matured on September 15, 2022, as well as for the reduction of commercial paper and other general corporate purposes.

The following table presents information about the terms and outstanding balances of Globe Life's debt.

Selected Information about Debt Issues


				As of
				September 30, 2022								December 31, 2021
Instrument	Issue Date	Maturity Date	Coupon Rate	Par Value		Unamortized Discount & Issuance Costs		Book Value		Fair Value		Book Value
Senior notes	5/27/1993	5/15/2023	7.875%	$	165,612	$	(185)	$	165,427	$	167,781	$	165,216
Senior notes(2)	—	—	—	—		—		—		—		149,752
Senior notes	9/27/2018	9/15/2028	4.550%	550,000		(4,562)		545,438		526,702		544,949
Senior notes	8/21/2020	8/15/2030	2.150%	400,000		(3,891)		396,109		310,560		395,778
Senior notes(1)	5/19/2022	6/15/2032	4.800%	250,000		(4,616)		245,384		231,700		—

Junior subordinated debentures	11/17/2017	11/17/2057	5.275%	125,000		(1,594)		123,406		124,016		123,396
Junior subordinated debentures	6/14/2021	6/15/2061	4.250%	325,000		(7,790)		317,210		252,545		317,155
				1,815,612		(22,638)		1,792,974		1,613,304		1,696,246
Less current maturity of long-term debt				165,612		(185)		165,427		167,781		149,752
Total long-term debt				1,650,000		(22,453)		1,627,547		1,445,523		1,546,494

Current maturity of long-term debt)				165,612		(185)		165,427		167,781		149,752
Commercial paper				270,000		(690)		269,310		269,310		329,892
Total short-term debt				435,612		(875)		434,737		437,091		479,644

Total debt				$	2,085,612	$	(23,328)	$	2,062,284	$	1,882,614	$	2,026,138

(1)An additional $150 million par value and book value is held by insurance subsidiaries that eliminates in consolidation.

(2)The $300 million of 3.80% Senior notes matured on September 15, 2022, of which $150 million was owned by Globe Life affiliates.

The commercial paper has the highest priority of all the debt, followed by senior notes then junior subordinated debentures. The senior notes due 2023 are noncallable, the remaining senior notes are callable under a make-whole provision, and the junior subordinated debentures are subject to an optional redemption five years from issuance. Interest on the 4.25% junior subordinated debentures is payable quarterly while all other long-term debt is payable semi-annually.

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB): In 2021, four of our insurance subsidiaries became members of the FHLB of Dallas. FHLB membership provides the insurance subsidiaries with access to various low-cost collateralized borrowings and funding agreements. The membership requires ownership of FHLB common stock, as well as the purchase of activity-based common stock equal to approximately 4.1% of outstanding borrowings.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Globe Life owns $13.0 million in FHLB common stock as of September 30, 2022 and $7.9 million as of December 31, 2021. The FHLB stock is restricted for the duration of the membership and recorded at cost (par) as required by applicable guidance. The FHLB stock is included in "Other long-term investments" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets .

As of September 30, 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings with the FHLB. Borrowings with the FHLB are subject to the availability of pledged assets at Globe Life. As of September 30, 2022, Globe Life's maximum borrowing capacity under the FHLB facility was approximately $526 million, based on pledged assets with a fair value of $737 million.

Note 10—Business Segments

Globe Life is organized into four segments: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, annuities, and investments. In addition, other expenses not included in these segments are reported in "Corporate & Other."

Globe Life's reportable insurance segments are based on the insurance product lines it markets and administers: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, and annuities. These major product lines are set out as reportable segments because of the common characteristics of products within these categories, comparability of margins, and the similarity in regulatory environment and management techniques. There is also an investment segment which manages the investment portfolio, debt, and cash flow for the insurance segments and the corporate function. The Company's chief operating decision makers evaluate the overall performance of the operations of the Company in accordance with these segments.

Life insurance products marketed by Globe Life include traditional whole life and term life insurance. An immaterial amount of annuities sold as companion products are included in the life segment. Health insurance products are generally guaranteed renewable and include Medicare Supplement, critical illness, accident, and limited-benefit supplemental hospital and surgical coverage. Annuities include fixed-benefit contracts.

Globe Life markets its insurance products through a number of distribution channels, each of which sells the products of one or more of Globe Life's insurance segments. Our distribution channels consist of the following exclusive agencies: American Income Life Division (American Income), Liberty National Division (Liberty National) and Family Heritage Division (Family Heritage); an independent agency, United American Division (United American); and our Direct to Consumer Division (Direct to Consumer). The following tables present segment premium revenue by each of Globe Life's distribution channels.

Premium Income by Distribution Channel



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	378,306	50	$	29,694	9	$	—	—	$	408,000	38
Direct to Consumer	242,550		32	17,455		6	—		—	260,005		24
Liberty National	82,072		11	45,809		14	—		—	127,881		12
United American	1,949		—	134,200		42	1		100	136,150		13
Family Heritage	1,408		—	92,131		29	—		—	93,539		9
Other	48,830		7	—		—	—		—	48,830		4
	$	755,115	100	$	319,289	100	$	1	100	$	1,074,405	100

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Premium Income by Distribution Channel


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	356,456	49	$	29,070	10	$	—	—	$	385,526	37
Direct to Consumer	240,578		33	18,192		6	—		—	258,770		25
Liberty National	78,528		11	46,716		16	—		—	125,244		12
United American	2,199		—	118,240		39	—		—	120,439		12
Family Heritage	1,286		—	86,925		29	—		—	88,211		9
Other	49,877		7	—		—	—		—	49,877		5
	$	728,924	100	$	299,143	100	$	—	—	$	1,028,067	100


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	1,124,712	50	$	87,940	9	$	—	—	$	1,212,652	38
Direct to Consumer	743,041		33	53,802		6	—		—	796,843		25
Liberty National	244,242		11	139,650		15	—		—	383,892		12
United American	6,022		—	401,657		42	1		100	407,680		13
Family Heritage	4,147		—	272,429		28	—		—	276,576		8
Other	147,477		6	—		—	—		—	147,477		4
	$	2,269,641	100	$	955,478	100	$	1	100	$	3,225,120	100


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	1,039,047	48	$	85,210	10	$	—	—	$	1,124,257	37
Direct to Consumer	734,046		34	56,002		6	—		—	790,048		26
Liberty National	232,118		11	140,874		16	—		—	372,992		12
United American	6,737		—	351,544		39	1		100	358,282		12
Family Heritage	3,630		—	255,272		29	—		—	258,902		8
Other	149,635		7	—		—	—		—	149,635		5
	$	2,165,213	100	$	888,902	100	$	1	100	$	3,054,116	100

Due to the nature of the life insurance industry, Globe Life has no individual or group that would be considered a major customer. Substantially all of Globe Life's business is conducted in the United States.

The measure of profitability established by the chief operating decision makers for the insurance segments is underwriting margin before other income and administrative expenses, in accordance with the manner in which the segments are managed. It essentially represents gross profit margin on insurance products before insurance administrative expenses and consists primarily of premium less net policy benefits, acquisition expenses, and commissions. Required interest on net policy liabilities (benefit reserves less deferred acquisition costs) is reflected as a component of the Investment segment (rather than as a component of underwriting margin in the insurance

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

and annuity segments) in order to match this cost with the investment income earned on the assets supporting the net policy liabilities.

The measure of profitability for the Investment segment is excess investment income, representing the income earned on the investment portfolio in excess of net policy requirements and financing costs associated with Globe Life's debt. Other than the above-mentioned interest allocations, no other intersegment revenues or expenses are recognized. Expenses directly attributable to corporate operations are included in the “Corporate & Other” category. Stock-based compensation expense is considered a corporate expense by Globe Life management and is included in this category. All other unallocated revenues and expenses on a pretax basis, including insurance administrative expense, are also included in the “Corporate & Other” segment category.

Globe Life holds a sizable investment portfolio to support its insurance liabilities, the yield from which is used to offset policy benefit, acquisition, administrative and tax expenses. This yield or investment income is taken into account when establishing premium rates and profitability expectations for its insurance products. From time to time, investments are sold or called, or experience a credit loss event, each of which is reflected by the Company as realized gain (loss)—investments. These gains or losses generally occur as a result of disposition due to issuer calls, compliance with Company investment policies, or other reasons often beyond management’s control. Unlike investment income, realized gains and losses are incidental to insurance operations, and only overall yields are considered when setting premium rates or insurance product profitability expectations. While these gains and losses are not relevant to segment profitability or core operating results, they can have a material positive or negative result on net income. For these reasons, management removes realized investment gains and losses when it views its segment operations.

Management removes items that are related to prior periods when evaluating the operating results of current periods. Management also removes non-operating items unrelated to the Company's core insurance activities when evaluating those results. Therefore, these items are excluded in its presentation of segment results, because accounting guidance requires that operating segment results be presented as management views its business. With the exception of the administrative settlements noted in the paragraphs above, all of these items are included in “Other operating expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the appropriate year. See additional detail below in the tables.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables set forth a reconciliation of Globe Life's revenues and operations by segment to its major income statement line items. See Note—1 Significant Accounting Policies for additional information concerning reconciling items of segment profits to pretax income.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	755,115	$	319,289	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	1,074,405
Net investment income	—		—		—		245,625		—		—			245,625
Other income	—		—		—		—		398		—			398
Total revenue	755,115		319,289		1		245,625		398		—			1,320,428
Expenses:
Policy benefits	494,627		198,415		6,974		12		—		—			700,028
Required interest on reserves	(194,279)		(27,637)		(9,548)		231,464		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	58,413		7,783		47		(66,243)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	124,261		31,415		453		—		—		—			156,129
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	63,938		29,085		5		—		—		—			93,028
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		75,048		1,416		(2)	76,464
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		2,556		—			2,556
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		9,120		—			9,120
Interest expense	—		—		—		23,965		—		—			23,965
Total expenses	546,960		239,061		(2,069)		189,198		86,724		1,416			1,061,290
Subtotal	208,155		80,228		2,070		56,427		(86,326)		(1,416)			259,138
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		1,416		(2)	1,416
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	208,155	$	80,228	$	2,070	$	56,427	$	(86,326)	$	—		260,554

Realized gain (loss)—investments														(29,155)

Legal proceedings														(1,416)

Income before income taxes per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	229,983

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Legal proceedings.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	728,924	$	299,143	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	1,028,067
Net investment income	—		—		—		238,975		—		—			238,975
Other income	—		—		—		—		321		—			321
Total revenue	728,924		299,143		—		238,975		321		—			1,267,363
Expenses:
Policy obligations	516,196		187,906		7,303		—		—		—			711,405
Required interest on reserves	(185,295)		(25,859)		(10,034)		221,188		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	55,066		7,203		64		(62,333)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	122,311		28,799		483		—		—		—			151,593
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	58,652		24,116		6		—		—		—			82,774
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		68,036					68,036
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		2,176		2,397		(2)	4,573
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		7,776		—			7,776
Interest expense	—		—		—		20,886		—		—			20,886
Total expenses	566,930		222,165		(2,178)		179,741		77,988		2,397			1,047,043
Subtotal	161,994		76,978		2,178		59,234		(77,667)		(2,397)			220,320
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		2,397		(2)	2,397
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	161,994	$	76,978	$	2,178	$	59,234	$	(77,667)	$	—		222,717

Realized gain (loss)—investments														19,789
Realized loss—redemption of debt														(9,314)

Non-operating expenses														(2,397)
Income before income taxes per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	230,795

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Non-operating expenses.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	2,269,641	$	955,478	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	3,225,120
Net investment income	—		—		—		733,101		—		—			733,101
Other income	—		—		—		—		861		—			861
Total revenue	2,269,641		955,478		1		733,101		861		—			3,959,082
Expenses:
Policy obligations	1,555,004		592,488		21,098		12		—		—			2,168,602
Required interest on reserves	(575,710)		(81,740)		(28,890)		686,340		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	171,288		22,808		149		(194,245)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	372,872		95,488		1,358		—		—		—			469,718
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	190,028		87,390		18		—		—		—			277,436
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		221,313		6,513		(2,3)	227,826
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		8,089		(368)		(3)	7,721
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		26,603		—			26,603
Interest expense	—		—		—		65,737		—		—			65,737
Total expenses	1,713,482		716,434		(6,267)		557,844		256,005		6,145			3,243,643
Subtotal	556,159		239,044		6,268		175,257		(255,144)		(6,145)			715,439
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		6,145		(2,3)	6,145
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	556,159	$	239,044	$	6,268	$	175,257	$	(255,144)	$	—		721,584

Realized gain (loss)—investments														(66,845)


Legal proceedings														(1,416)
Non-operating expenses														(4,729)
Income before income taxes per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	648,594

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Legal proceedings.

(3) Non-operating expenses.

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Globe Life Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	2,165,213	$	888,902	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	3,054,116
Net investment income	—		—		—		713,103		—		—			713,103
Other income	—		—		—		—		1,004		—			1,004
Total revenue	2,165,213		888,902		1		713,103		1,004		—			3,768,223
Expenses:
Policy obligations	1,532,298		564,589		21,848		—		—		—			2,118,735
Required interest on reserves	(547,715)		(76,288)		(30,055)		654,058		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	163,083		21,242		200		(184,525)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	366,022		85,138		1,447		—		—		—			452,607
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	174,130		70,602		20		—		—		—			244,752
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		201,715		5,089		(2)	206,804
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		7,251		2,397		(3)	9,648
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		24,298		—			24,298
Interest expense	—		—		—		63,833		—		—			63,833
Total expenses	1,687,818		665,283		(6,540)		533,366		233,264		7,486			3,120,677
Subtotal	477,395		223,619		6,541		179,737		(232,260)		(7,486)			647,546
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		7,486		(2,3)	7,486
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	477,395	$	223,619	$	6,541	$	179,737	$	(232,260)	$	—		655,032

Realized gain (loss)—investments														56,600
Realized loss—redemption of debt														(9,314)

Legal proceedings														(5,089)
Non-operating expenses														(2,397)
Income before income taxes per Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	694,832

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Legal proceedings.

(3)Non-operating expenses.

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

We caution readers regarding certain forward-looking statements contained in the foregoing discussion and elsewhere in this document, and in any other statements made by, or on behalf of Globe Life whether or not in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any statement that is not a historical fact, or that might otherwise be considered an opinion or projection concerning the Company or its business, whether express or implied, is meant as and should be considered a forward-looking statement. Such statements represent management's opinions concerning future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. We specifically disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement because of new information, future developments, or otherwise.

Forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that are subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, including uncertainties related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated direct and indirect effects on our business operations, financial results and financial condition. If these estimates or assumptions prove to be incorrect, the actual results of Globe Life may differ materially from the forward-looking statements made on the basis of such estimates or assumptions. Whether or not actual results differ materially from forward-looking statements may depend on numerous foreseeable and unforeseeable events or developments, which may be national in scope, related to the insurance industry generally, or applicable to the Company specifically. Such events or developments could include, but are not necessarily limited to:

1.Economic and other conditions, including the impact of inflation and the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. economy, leading to unexpected changes in lapse rates and/or sales of our policies, as well as levels of mortality, morbidity, and utilization of health care services that differ from Globe Life's assumptions;

2.Regulatory developments, including changes in accounting standards or governmental regulations (particularly those impacting taxes and changes to the Federal Medicare program that would affect Medicare Supplement);

3.Market trends in the senior-aged health care industry that provide alternatives to traditional Medicare (such as Health Maintenance Organizations and other managed care or private plans) and that could affect the sales of traditional Medicare Supplement insurance;

4.Interest rate changes that affect product sales and/or investment portfolio yield;

5.General economic, industry sector or individual debt issuers’ financial conditions (including developments and volatility arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in certain industries that may comprise part of our investment portfolio) that may affect the current market value of securities we own, or that may impair an issuer’s ability to make principal and/or interest payments due on those securities;

6.Changes in the competitiveness of the Company's products and pricing;

7.Litigation results;

8.Levels of administrative and operational efficiencies that differ from our assumptions (including any reduction in efficiencies resulting from increased costs arising from operating during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of higher than anticipated inflation);

9.The ability to obtain timely and appropriate premium rate increases for health insurance policies from our regulators;

10.The customer response to new products and marketing initiatives;

11.Reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements which are based on management estimates and judgments which may differ from the actual amounts ultimately realized;

12.Compromise by a malicious actor or other event that causes a loss of secure data from, or inaccessibility to, our computer and other information technology systems;

13.The severity, magnitude and impact of natural or man-made catastrophic events, including but not limited to pandemics, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, war and terrorism, on our operations and personnel, commercial activity and demand for our products; and

14.Our ability to access the commercial paper and debt markets, particularly if such markets become unpredictable or unstable for a certain period.

Readers are also directed to consider other risks and uncertainties described in other documents on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Globe Life's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. The following management discussion will only include comparison to prior year.

"Globe Life" and the "Company" refer to Globe Life Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

Results of Operations


						How Globe Life Views Its Operations. Globe Life Inc. is the holding company for a group of insurance companies that market primarily individual life and supplemental health insurance to lower middle to middle-income households throughout the United States. We view our operations by segments, which are the insurance product lines of life, supplemental health, and annuities, and the investment segment that supports the product lines. Segments are aligned based on their common characteristics, comparability of the profit margins, and management techniques used to operate each segment.

						Insurance Product Line Segments. The insurance product line segments involve the marketing, underwriting, and administration of policies. Each product line is further segmented by the various distribution channels that market the insurance policies. Each distribution channel operates in a niche market offering insurance products designed for that particular market. Whether analyzing profitability of a segment as a whole, or the individual distribution channels within the segment, the measure of profitability used by management is the underwriting margin, as seen below:
						Premium revenue (Policy obligations) (Policy acquisition costs and commissions) Underwriting margin
						Investment Segment. The investment segment involves the management of our capital resources, including investments and the management of corporate debt and liquidity. Our measure of profitability for the investment segment is excess investment income, as seen below:
						Net investment income (Required interest on net policy liabilities) (Financing costs) Excess investment income

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Long-Duration Targeted Improvements. As discussed in further detail within Note 2—New Accounting Standards, the Company will adopt ASU 2018-12, Financial Services–Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (LDTI), effective on January 1, 2023. The Company has selected the modified retrospective transition method upon adoption as of the transition date (the “Transition Date”) of January 1, 2021. The accounting adoption will have no economic impact on the cash flows of our business nor influence our business model of providing basic protection-oriented products to the underserved and lower middle to middle-income market. In addition, it will not impact our statutory earnings, statutory capital, nor our capital management philosophies.

The adoption will, however, modify the timing of when profits emerge on our insurance policies and result in the restatement of 2021 and 2022 key figures in the consolidated financial statements. We are anticipating GAAP net income and net operating income to increase significantly under the new standard primarily due to a reduction in DAC amortization in the near to intermediate term. Additionally, future policy benefits on our life insurance business for 2021 and 2022, as restated to reflect the new standard, are expected to be lower than originally reported reflecting the treatment of adverse claims experience incurred in 2021 and 2022, which gets spread out over future periods from transition, including those relating to COVID-19. The expected decrease in future policy benefits related to this item in 2021 is expected to be between $160 million and $200 million, and the impact on 2022 has not yet been quantified. This will result in slightly higher future policy benefits, as a percentage of premium, in future years than what would have been expected under existing guidance. Finally, we expect some modest decreases to future policy benefits, as a percentage of premium, in our health business on some of our limited benefit plans under the new standard.

With respect to future policy benefits, we anticipate an increase of between $9.5 billion and $11.0 billion on the Transition Date, which will be reflected in other comprehensive income. This change reflects an unrealized interest rate loss at transition and is a result of several primary factors:

a.Life insurance future policy benefit cash flows tend to be long as death benefits, which are greater than premium amounts, are typically paid to beneficiaries many years after a policy is issued. This results in a generally longer overall liability duration than the overall asset duration.

b.The new methodology requires the use of current discount rates (upper-medium grade) rather than locked-in discount rates, which are determined when a policy is issued. Current discount rates are generally lower than the locked-in discount rates used to determine net income. The required current discount rate is inconsistent with historical practices, the current asset portfolio and current investment strategy.

c.The methodology requires the net premium ratio3 used to determine future policy benefits be based on locked-in rates rather than permitting the redetermination of the net premium ratio using current discount rates. This restricts the level of gross premiums allowed in the calculation, as well as the level of gross premiums available to offset the impact of current discount rates to the extent these rates are realized in future years. Because of this requirement, the change in future policy benefits results in a measure of unrealized gain (loss) due to differences in discount rates only.

For Globe Life, discount rates lower than the locked-in discount rate under LDTI have the effect of increasing the level of reserves carried due to the use of net premiums in the calculation as compared to current GAAP, which in the loss recognition test, uses the total gross premium. Once implemented, future policy benefits will be sensitive to changes in current discount rates for the reasons stated above. To demonstrate this sensitivity to discount rates, to the extent current discount rates were consistent with rates as of September 30, 2022, we estimate future policy benefits as of the Transition Date would have only increased between $1.2 billion and $2.0 billion. For every 50 basis-point movement in the average discount rate, we estimate the impact on future policy benefits is $1.5 billion to $2.5 billion.

With respect to shareholders’ equity, as of the end of 2020, reported shareholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $8.8 billion. We anticipate a decrease in the range of $7.5 billion to $8.5 billion, net of tax, as a result of the requirement to use current discount rates to remeasure the future policy benefits and record the offset through AOCI at adoption.

3 The net premium ratio is the ratio between the present value of benefits and the present value of gross premium.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

If we hold all else equal as of the Transition Date but use current discount rates as of September 30, 2022, the after-tax decrease in AOCI due solely to the increase in future policy benefits would have been in the range of $1.0 billion to $1.6 billion. AOCI would also be impacted by fluctuations in the valuation of the fixed maturity bond portfolio in this situation.

Another item impacting shareholders’ equity relates to increases in the liability for future policy benefits on smaller, older blocks of business with a minimum floor or net premium ratios capped at 100%. For blocks of business that require increases in future policy benefits to minimum levels, or a net premium ratio capped at 100% on the Transition Date, any difference between the future policy benefits calculated using the discount rate immediately before the Transition Date, and the existing carrying value as of the Transition Date is recorded as an adjustment (decrease) to opening retained earnings. At the Transition Date, we expect a $15 million to $50 million, net of tax, decrease to opening retained earnings related to these items.

As noted above, we expect GAAP net income and net operating income to increase under the new standard due to a significant decrease in the annual amortization of DAC in the near and intermediate term. This is a result of changes to the calculation of amortization rate, including use of only deferred costs through the valuation date. For business with deferrals of renewal commissions, as is the case with our captive agency channels, the expected amortization rate as a percentage of premium will no longer be level, but will increase over the period of time during which commissions are deferred. The decrease in amortization in the near term will primarily impact our life insurance line of business. In total, we expect the increase in net income in 2023, largely due to the decrease in amortization, to fall within a range of $105 million and $130 million, net of tax. As time progresses, we expect this impact to diminish as the deferral of future renewal commissions increases amortization amounts.

Regarding our measure of excess investment income, we expect a significant decrease in the figure as a result of the updated standard. This is driven by the removal of interest in the computation of DAC. Although non-GAAP measures, the review of underwriting margin and excess investment income will remain an important part of the Company’s measurement of performance.

Inflation Reduction Act. The Inflation Reduction Act (the Act) was enacted on August 16, 2022, and included a new corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT). The Act and CAMT go into effect for tax years beginning after 2022. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact the Act will have, if any, on the financial statements.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Current Highlights, comparing year-to-date 2022 with 2021.

•Net income as a return on equity (ROE) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 11.2% and net operating income as an ROE, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio(1) was 13.1%.

•Total premium increased 6% over the prior year. Life premium increased 5% for the period from $2.2 billion in 2021 to $2.3 billion in 2022. Life underwriting margin increased 16% from $477 million in 2021 to $556 million in 2022.

•Net investment income increased 3% over the same period in the prior year.

•Total net sales increased 4% over the same period in the prior year from $518 million in 2021 to $539 million in 2022.

•Book value per share declined 47% below the same period in the prior year from $84.52 to $44.56. Book value per share, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio(1), increased 9% over the prior year from $57.11 in 2021 to $62.01 in 2022.

•The Company incurred $44 million of COVID-19 net life claims (net of reserves released upon death) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $82 million during the same period last year.

•For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 2.8 million shares of Globe Life Inc. common stock at a total cost of $279 million for an average share price of $98.46.

The following graphs represent net income and net operating income for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

(1)As shown in the charts above, net operating income is the consolidated total of segment profits after tax and as such is considered a non-GAAP measure. It has been used consistently by Globe Life's management for many years to evaluate the operating performance of the Company. It differs from net income primarily because it excludes certain non-operating items such as realized gains and losses and certain significant and unusual items included in net income. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Net operating income as an ROE, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio, is considered a non-GAAP measure. Management utilizes this measure to view the business without the effect of the net unrealized gains or losses, which are primarily attributable to fluctuation in interest rates on the available-for-sale portfolio. The impact of the adjustment to exclude net unrealized gains or losses on fixed maturities, net of tax is $(1.7) billion and $2.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Book value per share, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio, is also considered a non-GAAP measure. Management utilizes this measure to view the book value of the business without the effect of net unrealized gains or losses, which are primarily attributable to fluctuation in interest rates on the available-for-sale portfolio. The impact of the adjustment to exclude net unrealized gains or losses on fixed maturities is $(17.45) and $27.41 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Refer to Analysis of Profitability by Segment for non-GAAP reconciliation to GAAP.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Summary of Operations. Net income declined 7% to $528 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with $567 million in the same period in 2021. This decrease was primarily attributed to $53 million of after-tax realized losses on investments in the current period, as compared to $45 million of after tax realized gains on investments in the year-ago period, partially offset by a $38 million decrease in COVID-19 net life claims from the year-ago period. See further discussion under the caption Investments. On a diluted per common share basis, net income per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 declined 2% from $5.46 to $5.33.

Net operating income is the consolidated total of segment profits after tax and as such is considered a non-GAAP measure. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure. We do not consider realized gains and losses to be a component of our core insurance operations or operating segments. Additionally, net income was affected by certain significant and unusual non-operating items in 2021 and through the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We do not view these items as components of core operating results because they are not indicative of past performance or future prospects of the insurance operations. We remove items such as these that relate to prior periods or are non-operating items when evaluating the results of current operations, and therefore exclude such items from our segment analysis for current periods. Net operating income increased 9% to $586 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with $536 million for the same period in 2021, primarily due to a 16% increase in life underwriting margin. On a diluted per common share basis, net operating income per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased from $5.16 to $5.91.

For the second straight quarter, the Company has experienced less COVID-19 net life claims than expected, resulting in improved underwriting margins. In addition, the Company continues to see positive signs in its core operations, including strong sales and premium growth, favorable persistency and a strong ROE, excluding net unrealized gains or losses on the fixed maturity portfolio.

COVID-19. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred $44 million of COVID-19 net life claims (net of reserves released upon death), compared with $82 million for the same period in 2021. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were approximately 215,000 U.S. COVID-19 deaths for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 including 30,000 deaths in the current quarter. For the full year 2022, we expect total U.S. COVID deaths to fall within a range of 240,000 to 260,000.

At the midpoint of our 2022 guidance, we expect to incur approximately $51 million of COVID life claims for the full year based on an estimated range of $1.9 million to $2.1 million of COVID life claims per 10,000 U.S. deaths. In 2023, we expect deaths from COVID-19 to persist in an endemic state. At the mid-point of our guidance, we anticipate total COVID life claims of approximately $20 million based on estimated total U.S. deaths of approximately 105,000.

The projected life claims are dependent on this estimate and many other variables, including, but not limited to, projected U.S. deaths from COVID-19, the timing and availability of effective treatments for the disease, vaccination rates and effectiveness of vaccines, impact from potential variants, and the ages and geographic areas in which infections and deaths occur.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

Globe Life's operations on a segment-by-segment basis are discussed in depth below. Net operating income has been used consistently by management for many years to evaluate the operating performance of the Company and is a measure commonly used in the life insurance industry. It differs from GAAP net income primarily because it excludes certain non-operating items such as realized gains and losses and other significant and unusual items included in net income. Management believes an analysis of net operating income is important in understanding the profitability and operating trends of the Company’s business. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Analysis of Profitability by Segment

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		Change		%
Life insurance underwriting margin	$	556,159	$	477,395	$	78,764	16
Health insurance underwriting margin	239,044		223,619		15,425		7
Annuity underwriting margin	6,268		6,541		(273)		(4)
Excess investment income	175,257		179,737		(4,480)		(2)
Other insurance:
Other income	861		1,004		(143)		(14)
Administrative expense	(221,313)		(201,715)		(19,598)		10
Corporate and other	(34,692)		(31,549)		(3,143)		10
Pre-tax total	721,584		655,032		66,552		10
Applicable taxes	(135,777)		(119,468)		(16,309)		14
Net operating income	585,807		535,564		50,243		9
Reconciling items, net of tax:
Realized gain (loss)—investments	(52,808)		44,714		(97,522)
Realized loss—redemption of debt	—		(7,358)		7,358



Non-operating expenses	(3,736)		(1,894)		(1,842)
Legal proceedings	(1,119)		(4,020)		2,901

Net income	$	528,144	$	567,006	$	(38,862)	(7)

The life insurance segment is our primary segment and is the largest contributor to earnings in each period presented. The life insurance segment underwriting margin increased $79 million compared with the prior year nine month period due to growth in premiums and lower life claims. The health segment contributed to the growth in income as well, contributing $239 million of underwriting margin in the first nine months of 2022 compared with $224 million in the first nine months of 2021.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

In 2022, the largest contributor of total underwriting margin was the life insurance segment and the primary distribution channel was American Income Life Division. The following charts represent the breakdown of total underwriting margin by operating segment and distribution channel for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Total premium income rose 6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.2 billion. Total net sales increased 4% to $539 million, when compared with 2021. Total first-year collected premium (defined in the following section) was $436 million for 2022, compared with $435 million for 2021.

Life insurance premium income increased 5% to $2.3 billion over the prior-year total of $2.2 billion. Life net sales rose 3% to $405 million for the first nine months of 2022. First-year collected life premium declined 2% to $311 million. Life underwriting margins, as a percent of premium, increased to 25% in 2022 from 22%. Underwriting margin increased to $556 million in 2022, 16% over the same period in 2021.

Health insurance premium income increased 7% to $955 million over the prior-year total of $889 million. Health net sales rose 7% to $134 million for the first nine months of 2022. First-year collected health premium rose 6% to $124 million. Health underwriting margins, as a percent of premium, were 25% in 2022 and 2021. Health underwriting margin increased to $239 million for the first nine months of 2022, 7% over the same period in 2021.

Excess investment income, the measure of profitability of our investment segment, declined 2% during 2022 to $175 million from $180 million in the same period in 2021. Excess investment income per common share, reflecting the impact of our share repurchase program, increased 2% to $1.77 from $1.73 when compared with the same period in 2021.

Insurance administrative expenses increased 10% in 2022 when compared with the prior-year period. These expenses were 6.9% as a percent of premium during 2022 compared with 6.6% a year earlier.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 2.8 million Globe Life Inc. shares at a total cost of $279 million for an average share price of $98.46.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

The discussions of our segments are presented in the manner we view our operations, as described in Note 10—Business Segments.

We use three statistical measures as indicators of premium growth and sales over the near term: “annualized premium in force,” “net sales,” and “first-year collected premium.”

•Annualized premium in force is defined as the premium income that would be received over the following twelve months at any given date on all active policies if those policies remain in force throughout the twelve-month period. Annualized premium in force is an indicator of potential growth in premium revenue.

•Net sales, a statistical performance measure, is calculated as annualized premium issued, net of cancellations in the first thirty days after issue, except in the case of Direct to Consumer, where net sales is annualized premium issued at the time the first full premium is paid after any introductory offer period has expired. Management considers net sales to be a better indicator of the rate of premium growth than annualized premium issued.

•First-year collected premium is defined as the premium collected during the reporting period for all policies in their first policy year. First-year collected premium takes lapses into account in the first year when lapses are more likely to occur, and thus is a useful indicator of how much new premium is expected to be added to premium income in the future.

See further discussion of the distribution channels below for Life and Health.

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GLOBE LIFE INC.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

LIFE INSURANCE

Life insurance is the Company's predominant segment. During 2022, life premium represented 70% of total premium and life underwriting margin represented 69% of the total underwriting margin. Additionally, investments supporting the reserves for life products produce the majority of excess investment income attributable to the investment segment.

The following table presents the summary of results of life insurance. Further discussion of the results by distribution channel is included below.

Life Insurance

Summary of Results

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		%
Premium and policy charges	$	2,269,641	100	$	2,165,213	100	$	104,428	5

Policy obligations	1,555,004		68	1,532,298		71	22,706		1
Required interest on reserves	(575,710)		(25)	(547,715)		(25)	(27,995)		5
Net policy obligations	979,294		43	984,583		46	(5,289)		(1)
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition expenses	190,028		8	174,130		8	15,898		9
Amortization of acquisition costs	544,160		24	529,105		24	15,055		3
Total expense	1,713,482		75	1,687,818		78	25,664		2
Insurance underwriting margin	$	556,159	25	$	477,395	22	$	78,764	16

The higher life insurance underwriting margins, as well as the higher underwriting margins as a percentage of premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are largely due to premium growth as well as a decrease in net policy obligations. Net policy obligations amounted to 43% of premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 46% in the year-ago period.

The following table presents Globe Life's life insurance premium by distribution channel.

Life Insurance

Premium by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
American Income	$	1,124,712	49	$	1,039,047	48	$	85,665	8
Direct to Consumer	743,041		33	734,046		34	8,995		1
Liberty National	244,242		11	232,118		11	12,124		5
Other	157,646		7	160,002		7	(2,356)		(1)
Total	$	2,269,641	100	$	2,165,213	100	$	104,428	5

Annualized life premium in force was $3.04 billion at September 30, 2022, an increase of 5% over $2.91 billion a year earlier.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

An analysis of life net sales, an indicator of new business production, by distribution channel is presented below.

Life Insurance

Net Sales by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
American Income	$	246,919	61	$	216,505	55	$	30,414	14
Direct to Consumer	95,303		23	115,041		29	(19,738)		(17)
Liberty National	55,138		14	52,357		14	2,781		5
Other	7,276		2	8,361		2	(1,085)		(13)
Total	$	404,636	100	$	392,264	100	$	12,372	3

First-year collected life premium by distribution channel is presented in the table below.

Life Insurance

First-Year Collected Premium by Distribution Channel

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		%
American Income	$	195,369	63	$	186,143	59	$	9,226	5
Direct to Consumer	67,072		22	87,135		27	(20,063)		(23)
Liberty National	42,076		13	36,984		12	5,092		14
Other	6,841		2	7,262		2	(421)		(6)
Total	$	311,358	100	$	317,524	100	$	(6,166)	(2)

A discussion of life operations by distribution channel follows.

The American Income Life Division markets to members of labor unions and continues to diversify its lead sources by building relationships with other affinity groups, utilizing third-party internet vendor leads, and obtaining referrals to facilitate sustainable growth. This division is Globe Life's largest contributor to life premium of any distribution channel at 49% of the Company's September 30, 2022 total. Net sales increased 14% to $247 million during the first nine months of 2022 compared with $217 million in 2021 for the same period. The underwriting margin, as a percent of premium, was 33% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, up from 31% in the year-ago period.

This division incurred $15 million in COVID-19 net life claims, representing approximately 1% of premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $19 million in COVID-19 net life claims during the year-ago period.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

This division is anticipating an increase in net sales for the full year 2022 as compared with 2021 due in part to increased productivity plus an improvement in issue rates as some challenges in underwriting, such as staffing and speed of obtaining medical records and other information, are resolving. The average producing agent count is based on the actual count at the end of each week during the year. Despite the division's ability to recruit both virtually and in-person, retention challenges still exist. As a result of these challenges the division anticipates a 4% to 1% decline for the full year 2022. Sales growth in this division, as well as within our other exclusive agencies, is generally dependent on growth in the size of the agency force.

Below is the average producing agent count year-to-date for the American Income Life Division.


	At September 30,		Change
	2022	2021	Amount	%
American Income	9,511	10,118	(607)	(6)

American Income Life continues to focus on growing and strengthening the agency force, specifically through emphasis on agency middle-management growth and additional agency office openings. In addition to offering financial incentives and training opportunities, the agency has made considerable investments in information technology, including launching a customer relationship management (CRM) tool for the agency force. This tool is designed to drive productivity in lead distribution, conservation of business, manager dash boards and new agent recruiting. Additionally, this division has invested in and successfully implemented technology that allows the agency force to engage in virtual recruiting, training and sales activity. Over the course of the pandemic, the agents have shifted to primarily a virtual experience with the customers and have generated a vast majority of sales through virtual presentations. We find this flexibility to be enticing for new recruits as well as a driver of sustainability for our agency force.

The Direct to Consumer Division (DTC) offers adult and juvenile life insurance through a variety of marketing approaches, including direct mailings, insert media, and electronic media. In recent years, production from electronic media, which is comprised of sales through both the internet and inbound phone calls to our call center, has grown faster than direct mail response as customer demand increased marketing activity to internet and mobile technology. The proportion of sales from the internet and inbound phone calls had been steadily increasing prior to COVID-19, but accelerated after the start of the pandemic. The different approaches support and complement one another in the division's efforts to reach the consumer. The DTC's long-term growth has been fueled by constant innovation and name recognition. We continually introduce new initiatives in this division in an attempt to increase response rates.

While the juvenile market is an important source of sales, it is also a vehicle to reach the parents and grandparents of juvenile policyholders, who are more likely to respond favorably to a DTC solicitation for life coverage on themselves in comparison to the general adult population. Also, future offerings to juvenile policyholders and their parents are sources of low acquisition-cost life insurance sales in the future.

DTC net sales declined 17% to $95 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $115 million for the same period in the prior year. This decrease is primarily a result of the higher life net sales in the prior year, which we are seeing return to pre-pandemic levels. The decline is also due in part to the impact of recent record inflation on the cost of our direct mailings and on our customers, who generally have less discretionary income to purchase and retain life insurance. DTC incurred $21 million of COVID-19 net life claims, representing approximately 3% of premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $42 million for the same period in 2021, or 6% of premium. DTC’s underwriting margin, as a percent of premium, was 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 8% for the same period in 2021, reflecting the lessening impact of COVID-19 on the division's underwriting results.

The Liberty National Division markets individual life insurance to middle-income household and worksite customers. Recent investments in new sales technologies as well as recent growth in middle management within the agency are expected to help continue this growth. The underwriting margin as a percent of premium was 20% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, up from 18% during the same period a year ago. The increase is primarily attributable to lower net policy obligations in relation to premium during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with the same period a year ago. Further, this division incurred $6 million of COVID-19 net life

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

claims, representing approximately 3% of premium, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with $18 million, or 8% of premium for the same period in 2021, another contributing factor to the current quarter increase in underwriting margin.

Net sales rose 5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 over the same period in 2021. With the division's ability to return to face-to-face customer interaction and the option of virtual sales, the Company continues to project total life net sales to increase for the remainder of 2022 as compared to the prior year.

Below is the average producing agent count year-to-date for the Liberty National Division.


	At September 30,		Change
	2022	2021	Amount	%
Liberty National	2,718	2,713	5	—

The Liberty National Division average producing agent count was flat compared with the prior-year comparable period. We continue to execute our long-term plan to grow this agency through expansion from small-town markets in the Southeast to more densely populated areas with larger pools of potential agent recruits and customers. Continued expansion of this agency’s presence into more heavily populated, less-penetrated areas will help create long-term agency growth. Additionally, the agency continues to help improve the ability of agents to develop new worksite marketing business. Systems that have been put in place, including the addition of a CRM platform and enhanced analytical capabilities, have helped the agents develop additional worksite marketing opportunities as well as improve the productivity of agents selling in the individual life market. As the division continues to gain momentum in its sales and recruiting initiatives and advances its technology and CRM platform, the agency anticipates an increase in recruiting of new agents and an increase in the average producing agent count.

The Other Agencies distribution channels primarily include non-exclusive independent agencies selling predominantly life insurance. The Other Agencies contributed $158 million of life premium income, or 7% of Globe Life's total premium income in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and contributed 2% of net sales for the period.

HEALTH INSURANCE

Health insurance sold by the Company primarily includes Medicare Supplement insurance, accident coverage, and other limited-benefit supplemental health products including cancer, critical illness, heart, and intensive care coverage.

Health premium accounted for 30% of our total premium in 2022, while the health underwriting margin accounted for 30% of total underwriting margin. Health underwriting margin increased 7% to $239 million primarily due to higher premium growth. The Company continues to emphasize life insurance sales relative to health due to life’s superior long-term profitability and its greater contribution to excess investment income.

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Globe Life Inc.

Management's Discussion & Analysis

The following table presents underwriting margin data for health insurance.

Health Insurance

Summary of Results

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2022			2021
	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		% of Premium	Amount		%
Premium	$	955,478	100	$	888,902	100	$	66,576	7

Policy obligations	592