GMS Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 October (Form 10-Q)

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10‑Q

☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2018

OR

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________.

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 001‑37784

GMS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 41,181,834 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of November 30, 2018.

 

 

 

 

FORM 10‑Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD‑LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q contains “forward‑looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). You can generally identify forward‑looking statements by our use of forward‑looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” or “should,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. In particular, statements about the growth of our various market, and statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, strategies, objectives, prospects, assumptions or future events or performance contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q are forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward‑looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward‑looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward‑looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward‑looking statements include:

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward‑looking statements. The forward‑looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q are not guarantees of future performance and actual results and events may differ materially from the forward‑looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.

Any forward‑looking statement that we make in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q speaks only as of the date of such statement. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise, or to publicly announce any update or revision to, any of the forward‑looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.

PART I – Financial Information

Item 1.  Financial Statements

GMS Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

GMS Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

GMS Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Founded in 1971, GMS Inc. (“we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company”), through its wholly-owned operating subsidiaries, is a distributor of specialty building products including wallboard, suspended ceilings systems, or ceilings, steel framing and other complementary specialty building products. We purchase products from a large number of manufacturers and then distribute these goods to a customer base consisting of wallboard and ceilings contractors and homebuilders and, to a lesser extent, general contractors and individuals. We operate a network of more than 245 distribution centers across the United States and Canada.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for any other interim period or the entire fiscal year. As a result, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements present the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations of businesses acquired are included from their respective dates of acquisition.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date, while income and expenses are translated at average rates for the period. Translation gains and losses are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and other comprehensive income. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income within other income, net.

Insurance Liabilities

The Company is self‑insured for certain losses related to medical claims. The Company has stop‑loss coverage to limit the exposure arising from medical claims. The Company has deductible‑based insurance policies for certain losses related to general liability, automobile and workers’ compensation. The deductible amount per incident is $0.3 million, $0.5 million and $1.0 million for general liability, workers’ compensation and automobile, respectively. The coverage consists of a primary layer and an excess layer. The primary layer of coverage is from $0.5 million to $2.0 million and the excess layer cover claims from $2.0 million to $100.0 million. The expected ultimate cost for claims incurred as of the balance sheet date is not discounted and is recognized as a liability. Insurance losses for claims filed

and claims incurred but not reported are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for uninsured claims using loss development factors, actuarial assumptions and historical loss development experience.

As of October 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, the aggregate liabilities for medical self‑insurance were $3.7 million and $4.1 million, respectively, and are included in other accrued expenses and current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of October 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, reserves for general liability, automobile and workers’ compensation totaled approximately $16.6 million and $14.7 million, respectively, and are included in other accrued expenses and current liabilities and other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of October 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018, expected recoveries for medical self‑insurance, general liability, automobile and workers’ compensation totaled approximately $7.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively, and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Restructuring

The Company recognizes a liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity when the liability is incurred. After the appropriate level of management approves the detailed restructuring plan and the appropriate criteria for recognition are met, the Company establishes accruals for employee termination and other costs, as applicable. During the six months ended October 31, 2018, the Company initiated a reduction in workforce as part of a strategic cost reduction plan to improve operational efficiency. The Company recorded $5.0 million of restructuring costs during the six months ended October 31, 2018 in connection with the reduction in workforce and certain other restructuring activities, consisting primarily of severance and other employee costs. Such costs are classified within selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The Company made payments of $2.9 million during the six months ended October 31, 2018. As of October 31, 2018, the Company had a remaining liability of $2.1 million, which was classified within other accrued expenses and current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Income Taxes

The Company considers each interim period an integral part of the annual period and measures tax expense (benefit) using an estimated annual effective income tax rate. Estimates of the annual effective income tax rate at the end of interim periods are, out of necessity, based on evaluation of possible future events and transactions and may be subject to subsequent refinement or revision. The Company forecasts its estimated annual effective income tax rate and then applies that rate to its year‑to‑date pre‑tax ordinary income (loss), subject to certain loss limitation provisions. In addition, certain specific transactions are excluded from the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate computation, but are discretely recognized within income tax expense (benefit) in their respective interim period. Future changes in the forecasted annual income (loss) projections, tax rate changes, or discrete tax items could result in significant adjustments to quarterly income tax expense (benefit) in future periods.

The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required. In this evaluation, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence in determining whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The primary negative evidence considered includes the cumulative operating losses generated in prior periods. The primary positive evidence considered includes the reversal of deferred tax liabilities primarily related to depreciation and amortization that would occur within the same jurisdiction and during the carryforward period necessary to absorb the federal and state net operating losses and other deferred tax assets.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed by applying the federal and state income tax rates in effect to the gross amounts of temporary differences and other tax attributes, such as net operating loss carry‑forwards. In assessing if the deferred tax assets will be realized, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of these deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which these deductible temporary differences reverse.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Authoritative guidance for fair value measurements establishes a three‑level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation models based upon the degree to which they are observable. The three levels of the fair value measurement hierarchy are as follows:

 

The carrying values of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, trade receivables and trade payables approximate their fair values because of their short‑term nature. Based on borrowing rates available to the Company for loans with similar terms, the carrying values of the Company’s debt instruments approximate fair value. See Note 10, “Fair Value Measurements,” for additional information with respect to the Company’s fair value measurements.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, including stock options and restricted stock units (collectively “Common Stock Equivalents”), were exercised or converted into common stock.  The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. In applying the treasury stock method for stock-based compensation arrangements, the assumed proceeds are computed as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise and the amount of compensation cost attributed to future services and not yet recognized. Diluted earnings per share is computed by increasing the weighted‑average number of outstanding shares of common stock computed in basic earnings per share to include the dilutive effect of Common Stock Equivalents for the period. In periods of net loss, the number of shares used to calculate diluted loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share.

The holders of the Company’s Exchangeable Shares (as defined in Note 3, “Business Acquisitions” and further described in Note 7, “Stockholders’ Equity”) are entitled to receive dividends or distributions that are equal to any dividends or distributions on the Company’s common stock. As a result, the Exchangeable Shares are classified as a participating security and thereby require the allocation of income that would have otherwise been available to common stockholders when calculating earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by utilizing the most dilutive result of the if-converted and two-class methods. In both methods, net income attributable to common shareholders and the weighted-average common shares outstanding are adjusted to account for the impact of the assumed issuance of potential common shares that are dilutive, subject to dilution sequencing rules.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue recognition—In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued authoritative guidance on revenue from contracts with customers. The new guidance supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance and outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance that deferred the effective date by one year. The standard is required to be adopted by public

business entities in annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods, and may be applied on a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach. Early adoption at the original effective date is permitted.

The Company adopted this guidance on May 1, 2018 (the first day of fiscal 2019) using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of the new guidance, using the modified retrospective approach, did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. The adoption of the new guidance resulted in a $3.6 million reclassification in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet from trade accounts and notes receivable to other accrued expenses and current liabilities for estimated sales returns. The adoption of the new revenue guidance also resulted in additional disclosures regarding the Company’s revenue recognition. The additional disclosures required by this new standard are contained in Note 2, “Revenue.”

Statement of Cash Flows – In August 2016, the FASB issued new guidance to reduce diversity in practice related to certain cash receipts and payment in the statement of cash flows by adding or clarifying guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance on May 1, 2018. As a result of the adoption, the Company now classifies cash payments for debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, including third-party costs and other fees paid to lenders that are directly related to the debt prepayment or debt extinguishment, as cash outflows for financing activities. This resulted in a $2.7 million reclass from cash (used in) provided by operating activities (specifically the line item changes in other accrued expenses and current liabilities) to cash provided by financing activities (specifically the line item debt issuance costs) in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended October 31, 2017. The adoption did not have any other material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Income Taxes – In October 2016, the FASB issued new guidance intended to improve the accounting for intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory by requiring recognition of income tax consequences when such a transfer occurs. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company adopted this guidance on May 1, 2018 with no material impact on its financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Leases—In February 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with such classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The new standard is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning May 1, 2019 (the first day of fiscal 2020), including interim reporting periods within that fiscal year. A modified transition approach is required for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. While the Company is still evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of the new standard on its financial statements, the Company expects that the adoption will result in a material increase in the assets and liabilities recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures.

On July 30, 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new lease standard. Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We have not yet determined whether we will use the newly permitted adoption method.

Goodwill – In January 2017, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new guidance, goodwill impairment

will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The new standard is effective for annual and any interim impairment tests for periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its financial statements.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income – In February 2018, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which permits entities to reclassify, to retained earnings, the one-time income tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income arising from the change in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. An entity that elects to make this reclassification must consider all items in accumulated other comprehensive income that have tax effects stranded as a result of the tax rate change, and must disclose the reclassification of these tax effects as well as the entity’s policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income. The new guidance may be applied either retrospectively or as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this guidance on May 1, 2019 (the first day of fiscal 2020). While this guidance will have no impact on the Company’s results of operations, the Company is currently assessing this standard’s impact on its consolidated financial position.

Cloud Computing Costs –  In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that clarifies the accounting treatment for implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements (hosting arrangements) that is a service contract. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the effect that this new guidance will have on its financial position, results of operations and disclosures.

Fair Value Measurement Disclosures –  In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that changes certain fair value measurement disclosure requirements.  This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity is permitted to early adopt all of the disclosure changes or early adopt only the removed disclosure requirements and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date of this amendment. Except for changes to certain disclosures related to fair value measurements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its financial statements. 

2. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised goods to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The Company includes shipping and handling costs billed to customers in net sales. These costs are recognized as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses when the Company does not bill the customer.

See to Note 13, “Segments,” for information regarding disaggregation of revenue, including revenue by product and by geographic area.

Performance Obligations

The Company primarily satisfies its performance obligations at a point in time, which is upon delivery of products. The Company’s payment terms vary by the type and location of its customers. The amount of time between point of sale and when payment is due is not significant and the Company has determined its contracts do not include a significant financing component. Product warranties do not constitute a performance obligation for the Company, as products are warrantied directly by the manufacturer.

Our contracts with customers involve performance obligations that are one year or less. Therefore, we applied the standard’s optional exemption that permits the omission of information about our unfulfilled performance obligations as of the balance sheet dates.

Significant Judgements

The Company’s contracts may include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price, including customer rebates, returns and cash discounts for early payment. Variable consideration is estimated and included in total consideration based on the expected value method. These estimates are based on historical experience, anticipated performance and other factors known at the time. The Company only includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

Contract Balances

Receivables from contracts with customers were $445.4 million and $326.6 million as of October 31, 2018 and May 1, 2018, respectively. The Company did not have material amounts of contract assets or liabilities as of October 31, 2018 or May 1, 2018.

3. Business Acquisitions

The Company accounts for business combinations by recognizing the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date fair value. In valuing acquired assets and liabilities, fair value estimates use Level 3 inputs, including future expected cash flows and discount rates. Goodwill is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as a part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments arising from new facts and circumstances are recorded to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The results of operations of acquisitions are reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition.

Acquisition of Titan

On June 1, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of WSB Titan (“Titan”), a distributer of wallboard, lumber, and other commercial and residential building materials. Titan is a gypsum specialty dealer with 30 locations across five provinces in Canada. The stated purchase price was $627.0 million (C$800.0 million), subject to a working capital and certain other adjustments as set forth in the securities purchase agreement. As part of the consideration, certain members of Titan’s management converted a portion of their ownership position into 1.1 million shares of equity that are exchangeable for the Company’s common stock (“Exchangeable Shares”). The purpose of the transaction is to extend the Company’s leadership position in North America with expanded scale and footprint, expand its geographic coverage into the Canadian market and create opportunities for further expansion in Canada.

To finance this transaction, on June 1, 2018, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to its First Lien Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) that provides for a new first lien term loan facility under the first lien credit agreement in the aggregate principal amount of $996.8 million due in June 2025 that bears interest at a floating rate based on LIBOR, with a 0% floor, plus 2.75%. The Company also drew down $143.0 million under its Asset Backed Lending Facility (“ABL Facility”). The net proceeds from the new first lien term loan facility, ABL Facility and cash on hand were used to repay the Company’s existing first lien term loan facility of $571.8 million under the Credit Agreement and to finance its acquisition of Titan.

The fair value of consideration transferred was $614.7 million, after adjusting for foreign currency changes in the stated purchase price and other fair value changes, which consisted of $581.5 million in cash and $33.2 million for the fair value of the 1.1 million Exchangeable Shares. See Note 7, “Stockholders’ Equity,” for more information on the Exchangeable Shares. The Company also assumed certain contingent consideration arrangements that relate to previous acquisitions of Titan. The contingent consideration arrangements are based on performance of Titan’s business and are payable in cash in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2020.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Titan were recognized at their acquisition date fair values. The purchase price allocation is subject to change as the Company obtains additional information during the measurement period about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The primary areas of the preliminary purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate to working capital adjustments, the finalization of preliminary fair value estimates, income taxes and residual goodwill.

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the consideration transferred based on currently available information (in thousands):

 

Goodwill arising from the acquisition is attributable to synergies achieved through the streamlining of operations combined with improved margins attainable through increased market presence. All of the goodwill will be assigned to the Company’s geographic divisions segment. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Trade accounts and notes receivable had a preliminary estimate of fair value of $84.0 million and a gross contractual value of $85.6 million. The difference represents the Company’s best estimate of the contractual cash flows that will not be collected.

The following table summarizes the preliminary components of intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of Titan (dollars in thousands):

 

Net sales related to the Titan business included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the six months ended October 31, 2018 was $214.9 million. Net income related to the Titan business included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the six months ended October 31, 2018 was $7.9 million.

The following table represents the unaudited pro forma consolidated net sales and net income for the Company for the periods indicated (in thousands):

 

The above pro forma results have been calculated by combining the historical results of the Company and Titan as if the acquisition of Titan had occurred on May 1, 2017, the first day of the comparable prior reporting period presented. The pro forma results include estimates for intangible asset amortization, depreciation, interest expense and debt issuance costs and are subject to change once final asset values have been determined. No other material pro forma adjustments were deemed necessary to conform to the Company’s accounting policies or for any other situation. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had the transactions occurred on the first day of each of the periods presented or that may be achieved in the future.

Other Acquisitions

On August 7, 2018, the Company acquired Charles G. Hardy, Inc. (“CGH”). CGH is an interior building products distributor in Paramount, California. The impact of this acquisition is not material to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the six months ended October 31, 2018:

 

Intangible Assets

The following tables present the components of the Company’s definite-lived intangible assets as of October 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018:

 

 

Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company amortizes its customer relationships using an accelerated method to match the estimated cash flows generated by such assets, and amortizes its other definite-lived intangibles using the straight-line method because a pattern to which the expected benefits will be consumed or otherwise used up could not be reliably determined. Amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets was $19.2 million and $10.7 million for the three months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $35.0 million and $21.0 million for the six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization expense is recorded in depreciation and amortization expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Based on the current amount of definite-lived intangible assets, the Company expects to record amortization expense of approximately $37.6 million during the remaining six months in the year ending April 30, 2019 and $68.0 million, $58.8 million, $49.4 million, $41.3 million and $157.2 million during the years ending April 30, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and thereafter, respectively. Actual amortization expense to be reported in future periods could differ materially from these estimates as a result of acquisitions, changes in useful lives, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and other relevant factors.

The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of tradenames that had a carrying amount of $61.4 million as of October 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018.

5. Long-Term Debt

The Company’s long‑term debt consisted of the following as of October 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018:

First Lien Term Loan

The Company has a senior secured first lien term loan facility (the "First Lien Facility") that consists of a First Lien Term Loan (the "First Term Loan").

On June 7, 2017, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement, dated April 1, 2014 (the “First Lien Credit Agreement”) (the “Second Amendment”), which amended the First Lien Credit Agreement (as previously amended and as supplemented from time to time). The Second Amendment provided for a new first lien term loan facility under the First Lien Credit Agreement in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $577.6 million due on April 1, 2023 that bears interest at a floating rate based on LIBOR plus 3.00%, with a 1.00% floor. Net proceeds were used to repay the outstanding balance of approximately $477.6 million under the existing First Lien Loan and approximately $94.0 million of loans under the Company’s asset based revolving credit facility as well as to pay related expenses. The Company recorded a write-off of debt discount and deferred financing fees of $0.1 million, which is included in write-off of discount and deferred financing fees in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the six months ended October 31, 2017.

On June 1, 2018, the Company entered into the Third Amendment that provided for a new first lien term loan facility under the First Lien Credit Agreement in the aggregate principal amount of $996.8 million due in June 2025 that bears interest at a floating rate based on LIBOR plus 2.75%,  with a 0% floor. The net proceeds from the new first lien term loan facility were used to repay the Company’s existing First Lien Loan outstanding balance of approximately $571.8 million and to finance the acquisition of Titan. As of October 31, 2018, the applicable rate of interest was 5.05%.

Asset Based Lending Facility

The Company has an asset based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Facility”) that provides for aggregate revolving commitments of $345.0 million (including same day swing line borrowings of $34.5 million). GYP Holdings III Corp. is the lead borrower. Extensions of credit under the ABL Facility are limited by a borrowing base calculated periodically based on specified percentages of the value of eligible inventory and eligible accounts receivable, subject to certain reserves and other adjustments.

At the Company’s option, the interest rates applicable to the loans under the ABL Facility are based at LIBOR or base rate plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The margins applicable for each elected interest rate are subject to a pricing grid, as defined in the ABL Facility agreement, based on average daily availability for the most recent fiscal quarter. As of October 31, 2018, the applicable rate of interest was 3.93%. The ABL Facility also contains an unused commitment fee subject to utilization, as included in the ABL Facility agreement.

During the six months ended October 31, 2018, the Company made net borrowings under the ABL facility of $153.5 million. As of October 31, 2018, the Company had available borrowing capacity of approximately $181.7 million under the ABL Facility. The ABL Facility will mature on November 18, 2021 unless the individual affected lenders agree to extend the maturity of their respective loans under the ABL Facility upon the Company’s request and without the consent of any other lender. The ABL Facility contains a cross default provision with the First Lien Facility.

Covenants under the ABL Facility and First Lien Facility

The First Lien Facility contains a number of covenants that limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries, as described in the First Lien Credit Agreement, to: incur more indebtedness; pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions; make investments; create restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends to us or make other intercompany transfers; create liens securing indebtedness; transfer or sell assets; merge or consolidate; enter into certain transactions with our affiliates; and prepay or amend the terms of certain indebtedness. The Company was in compliance with all restrictive covenants as of October 31, 2018.

The ABL Facility contains certain affirmative covenants, including financial and other reporting requirements. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of October 31, 2018.

Titan Revolving Credit Facility

In connection with the acquisition of Titan on June 1, 2018, the Company assumed Titan’s revolving credit facility (the “Titan Facility”) that provides for aggregate revolving commitments of C$105.0 million. The Titan Facility bears interest at the Canadian prime rate plus a marginal rate based on the level determined by Titan’s total debt to EBITDA ratio at the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter or year. As of October 31, 2018, no amounts were outstanding under the Titan Facility and the Company had available borrowing capacity of approximately C$105.0 million under the Titan Facility. The Titan Facility matures on June 28, 2022.

Capital Leases

During the six months ended October 31, 2018, the Company amended certain terms of its operating lease agreements for equipment. The amendments would have resulted in capital lease classification of the leases under lease classification criteria had the changed terms been in effect at lease inception. As such, the amended agreements were considered new agreements. The new lease agreements were classified as capital leases as of the date of the modifications based on the application of lease classification criteria. As a result, the Company recorded $73.6 million of capital lease assets and capital lease obligations in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet during the six months ended October 31, 2018.

Debt Maturities

As of October 31, 2018, the maturities of long‑term debt were as follows

 

 

 

6. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate on continuing operations for the six months ended October 31, 2018 was 24.5% compared to an effective income tax rate of 37.5% for the six months ended October 31, 2017. The decrease in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), the impact of foreign tax rates and other tax effects associated with the acquisition of Titan. The U.S. federal statutory rate is 21.0%.

The estimated impact of the Tax Act was based on a preliminary review of the new law and is subject to revision due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act or any updates or changes to estimates the Company has utilized to calculate the impacts. Among the factors that could affect the accuracy of our provisional amounts is uncertainty about the statutory tax rate applicable to our deferred income tax assets and liabilities, since the actual rate will be dependent on the timing of realization or settlement of such assets and liabilities. As of October 31, 2018, we estimated the dates when such realization or settlement would occur. The actual dates when such realization or settlement occurs may be different from our estimates, pending finalization of our fiscal year 2018 tax return, which could result in the ultimate revaluation of our deferred income taxes to be different from our provisional amounts. As of October 31, 2018, the Company recorded $0.1 million of income tax benefit related to tax adjustments made in accordance with SAB 118 with respect to the adjustment of our original provisional estimate of the impact of the Tax Reform Act. Additionally, the Company continues to analyze additional information and guidance related to certain aspects of the Tax Act, such as limitations on the deductibility of executive compensation, conformity or changes by state taxing authorities in response to The Act, and the deductibility of other expenses impacted by the Tax Act. The Company will complete its accounting for the Tax Act once the Company has obtained, prepared and analyzed all information needed (including computations) for its analysis, but no later than one year from the enactment date of the Tax Act.

Due to the acquisition of Titan, the Company is now subject to provisions of the Tax Act related to current tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740 No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. We have elected to recognize the tax on GILTI as a period expense in the period the tax is incurred.

In general, it is the practice and intention of the Company to reinvest the accumulated earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries in those operations. Foreign withholding taxes have not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that is indefinitely reinvested outside the United States.

The Company had valuation allowances of $0.4 million against its deferred tax assets related to certain tax jurisdictions as of October 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018. To the extent the Company generates sufficient taxable income in the future to utilize the tax benefits of the net deferred tax assets on which a valuation allowance is recorded, the effective tax rate may decrease as the valuation allowance is reversed.

The Company had no reserve for uncertain tax positions as of October 31, 2018 and April 30, 2018.

7. Stockholders’ Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table sets forth the changes to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, by component for the six months ended October 31, 2018:

 

Exchangeable Shares

In connection with the acquisition of Titan on June 1, 2018, the Company issued 1.1 million Exchangeable Shares. The Exchangeable Shares were issued by an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Exchangeable Shares rank senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to dividend rights and rights on liquidation, dissolution and winding-up. The holders of the Exchangeable Shares are entitled to receive dividends or distributions that are equal to any dividends or distributions on the Company’s common stock. The holders of the Exchangeable Shares do not have voting rights.

The Exchangeable Shares contain rights that allow the holders to exchange their Exchangeable Shares for GMS common stock at any time on a one-for-one basis. If converted, the holders are prevented from transferring such GMS common stock for one year from the Titan acquisition date. The Exchangeable Shares also contain rights that allow the Company, through its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, to convert the Exchangeable Shares into GMS common stock on or after the fifth anniversary of the initial issuance of the Exchangeable Shares or upon certain events, as defined in the agreement.

8. Equity-Based Compensation

General

The Company measures compensation cost for all share‑based awards at fair value on the grant date (or measurement date if different) and recognizes compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using the Black-

Scholes valuation model, and determines the fair value of restricted stock units based on the quoted price of GMS’s common stock on the date of grant.  The Company estimates forfeitures based on historical analysis of actual forfeitures and employee turnover. Actual forfeitures are recorded when incurred and estimated forfeitures are reviewed and adjusted at least annually.

Equity-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units was $1.5  million and $0.8 million during the six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Stock Option Awards

The following table presents stock option activity for the six months ended October 31, 2018:

 

The aggregate intrinsic value represents the value of the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period in excess of the weighted average exercise price multiplied by the number of options outstanding, exercisable or expected to vest. Options expected to vest are unvested shares net of expected forfeitures. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0.7 million and $3.5 million, respectively. As of October 31, 2018, there was $4.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years.

There were no stock options granted during the six months ended October 31, 2017. The fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended October 31, 2018 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: