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Gogo Inc. - Quarter Report: 2016 September (Form 10-Q)

FORM 10-Q
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

(Mark One):

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

OR

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-35975

 

 

 

LOGO

Gogo Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   27-1650905

(State or other jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

 

111 North Canal St., Suite 1500

Chicago, IL 60606

(Address of principal executive offices)

Telephone Number (312) 517-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer   ☐  (Do not check if smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of October 31, 2016, 86,240,531 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock were outstanding.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

Gogo Inc.

INDEX

 

         Page  

Part I.

 

Financial Information

  

Item 1.

 

Financial Statements

     2   
 

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

     2   
 

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

     3   
 

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

     4   
 

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

     5   
 

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

     6   

Item 2.

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     28   

Item 3.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     52   

Item 4.

 

Controls and Procedures

     53   

Part II.

 

Other Information

  

Item 1.

 

Legal Proceedings

     54   

Item 1A.

 

Risk Factors

     54   

Item 2.

 

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

     54   

Item 3.

 

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

     54   

Item 4.

 

Mine Safety Disclosures

     54   

Item 5.

 

Other Information

     54   

Item 6.

 

Exhibits

     57   

Signatures

     58   

 

1


Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

     September 30,     December 31,  
     2016     2015  

Assets

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 146,830      $ 147,342   

Short-term investments

     338,725        219,491   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

     485,555        366,833   

Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $587 and $417, respectively

     62,687        69,317   

Inventories

     35,590        20,937   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     28,923        10,920   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     612,755        468,007   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-current assets:

    

Property and equipment, net

     493,225        434,490   

Intangible assets, net

     84,170        78,823   

Goodwill

     620        620   

Long-term restricted cash

     7,535        7,535   

Other non-current assets

     25,919        14,878   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

     611,469        536,346   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 1,224,224      $ 1,004,353   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity (deficit)

    

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 30,952      $ 28,189   

Accrued liabilities

     108,581        88,690   

Accrued airline revenue share

     15,236        13,708   

Deferred revenue

     28,913        24,055   

Deferred airborne lease incentives

     27,888        21,659   

Current portion of long-term debt and capital leases

     2,775        21,277   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     214,345        197,578   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities:

    

Long-term debt

     796,201        542,573   

Deferred airborne lease incentives

     135,719        121,732   

Deferred tax liabilities

     8,055        7,425   

Other non-current liabilities

     87,877        68,850   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

     1,027,852        740,580   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     1,242,197        938,158   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

     —          —     

Stockholders’ equity (deficit)

    

Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015; 86,474,568 and 86,137,856 shares issued at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively; and 86,240,531 and 85,913,206 shares outstanding at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively

     9        9   

Additional paid-in-capital

     874,272        861,243   

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (1,812     (2,188

Accumulated deficit

     (890,442     (792,869
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

     (17,973     66,195   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)

   $ 1,224,224      $ 1,004,353   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Table of Contents

Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

     For the Three Months     For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,     Ended September 30,  
     2016     2015     2016     2015  

Revenue:

        

Service revenue

   $ 129,099      $ 107,243      $ 375,406      $ 304,044   

Equipment revenue

     18,168        19,164        61,146        59,065   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

     147,267        126,407        436,552        363,109   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

        

Cost of service revenue (exclusive of items shown below)

     56,365        46,470        164,615        138,030   

Cost of equipment revenue (exclusive of items shown below)

     10,527        9,813        36,752        29,605   

Engineering, design and development

     25,835        23,375        72,201        60,807   

Sales and marketing

     14,874        14,601        46,366        39,678   

General and administrative

     21,661        21,487        65,038        63,096   

Depreciation and amortization

     26,779        22,224        76,042        61,814   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     156,041        137,970        461,014        393,030   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

     (8,774     (11,563     (24,462     (29,921
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other (income) expense:

        

Interest income

     (852     (49     (1,064     (65

Interest expense

     24,848        16,734        58,701        42,630   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     —          —          15,406        —     

Adjustment of deferred financing costs

     —          —          (792     —     

Other (income) expense

     34        377        (137     287   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expense

     24,030        17,062        72,114        42,852   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

     (32,804     (28,625     (96,576     (72,773

Income tax provision

     469        245        997        961   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (33,273   $ (28,870   $ (97,573   $ (73,734
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss attributable to common stock per share—basic and diluted

   $ (0.42   $ (0.37   $ (1.24   $ (0.92
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average number of shares—basic and diluted

     79,003        78,633        78,864        80,047   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Table of Contents

Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

 

     For the Three Months     For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,     Ended September 30,  
     2016     2015     2016     2015  

Net loss

   $ (33,273   $ (28,870   $ (97,573   $ (73,734

Currency translation adjustments

     (100     (412     376        (901
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

   $ (33,373   $ (29,282   $ (97,197   $ (74,635
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Table of Contents

Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

 

     For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,  
     2016     2015  

Operating activities:

    

Net loss

   $ (97,573   $ (73,734

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:

    

Depreciation and amortization

     76,042        61,814   

Loss on asset disposals/abandonments

     1,619        2,075   

Deferred income taxes

     630        620   

Stock-based compensation expense

     12,986        10,843   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     15,406        —     

Amortization of deferred financing costs

     2,981        3,016   

Accretion of Convertible Notes

     12,940        8,472   

Adjustment of deferred financing costs

     (792     —     

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Accounts receivable

     6,874        (3,685

Inventories

     (14,653     2   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     (18,106     3,848   

Accounts payable

     2,174        (5,146

Accrued liabilities

     2,750        15,633   

Deferred airborne lease incentives

     8,635        22,525   

Deferred revenue

     19,690        19,755   

Deferred rent

     317        19,927   

Accrued airline revenue share

     1,525        (30

Accrued interest

     16,025        1,116   

Other non-current assets and liabilities

     (4,322     286   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     45,148        87,337   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investing activities:

    

Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

     84        75   

Purchases of property and equipment

     (107,108     (105,105

Acquisition of intangible assets—capitalized software

     (21,586     (12,678

Purchases of short-term investments

     (278,961     (249,688

Redemptions of short-term investments

     159,727        99,953   

Decrease in restricted cash

     136        20   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (247,708     (267,423
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financing activities:

    

Proceeds from the issuance of senior secured notes

     525,000        —     

Payments on amended and restated credit agreement

     (310,132     (7,016

Proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes

     —          361,940   

Forward transactions

     —          (140,000

Payment of issuance costs

     (10,610     (10,669

Payments on capital leases

     (1,875     (1,868

Stock-based compensation activity

     43        4,113   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     202,426        206,500   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

     (378     570   

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (512     26,984   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     147,342        131,295   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 146,830      $ 158,279   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:

    

Cash paid for interest

   $ 27,535      $ 30,666   

Cash paid for taxes

     291        409   

Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:

    

Purchases of property and equipment in current liabilities

   $ 31,062      $ 24,611   

Purchases of property and equipment paid by commercial airlines

     10,993        7,295   

Purchases of property and equipment under capital leases

     1,531        3,178   

Acquisition of intangible assets in current liabilities

     1,390        1,654   

Asset retirement obligation incurred and adjustments

     (36     769   

See the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Table of Contents

Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

1. Basis of Presentation

The Business - Gogo Inc. (“we”, “us”, “our”) is a holding company, which through its operating subsidiaries is a provider of in-flight connectivity and wireless in-cabin digital entertainment solutions. We operate through the following three segments: Commercial Aviation North America or “CA-NA”, Commercial Aviation Rest of World or “CA-ROW” and Business Aviation or “BA”. Services provided by our CA-NA and CA-ROW businesses include Passenger Connectivity, which allows passengers to connect to the Internet from their personal Wi-Fi-enabled devices; Passenger Entertainment, which offers passengers the opportunity to enjoy a broad selection of in-flight entertainment options on their personal Wi-Fi enabled devices; and Connected Aircraft Services (“CAS”), which offers airlines connectivity for various operations and currently includes, among other things, real-time credit card transaction processing, electronic flight bags and real-time weather information. Services are provided by the CA-NA business on commercial aircraft flying routes that generally begin and end within North America, which for this purpose includes the United States, Canada and Mexico. Our CA-ROW business provides service on commercial aircraft operated by foreign-based commercial airlines and flights outside of North America for North American-based commercial airlines. The routes included in our CA-ROW segment are those that begin and/or end outside of North America (as defined above) for which our international service is provided. Our BA business provides in-flight Internet connectivity and other voice and data communications products and services and sells equipment for in-flight telecommunications to the business aviation market. BA services include Gogo Biz, our in-flight broadband service, Passenger Entertainment, our in-flight entertainment service, and satellite-based voice and data services through our strategic alliances with satellite companies.

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in conformity with Article 10 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our annual audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 25, 2016 (the “2015 10-K”). These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

The results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016.

We have one class of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the significant estimates and bases such estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Revisions - Previously reported operating expenses for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 have been revised to reflect the classification of incentive compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense in the same operating expense line items as the related base cash compensation. There was no change in total operating expenses, net loss or net loss per share, or the consolidated balance sheets or statements of comprehensive loss, cash flows or stockholders’ equity resulting from these revisions. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2015 10-K for additional information on these revisions.

 

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Table of Contents

Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

 

Below are the line items from our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations illustrating the effect of these immaterial revisions (in thousands):

 

    Three Months Ended September 30, 2015  
          Revisions        
    As Reported     Incentive
Compensation
Expense
    Stock-Based
Compensation
Expense
    As Revised  

Operating expenses:

       

Cost of service revenue (exclusive of items shown below)

  $ 45,477      $ 677      $ 316      $ 46,470   

Cost of equipment revenue (exclusive of items shown below)

    9,744        40        29        9,813   

Engineering, design and development

    21,367        1,162        846        23,375   

Sales and marketing

    12,345        1,036        1,220        14,601   

General and administrative

    26,813        (2,915     (2,411     21,487   

Depreciation and amortization

    22,224        —          —          22,224   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

  $ 137,970      $ —        $ —        $ 137,970   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

    Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015  
          Revisions        
    As Reported     Incentive
Compensation
Expense
    Stock-Based
Compensation
Expense
    As Revised  

Operating expenses:

       

Cost of service revenue (exclusive of items shown below)

  $ 135,406      $ 1,795      $ 829      $ 138,030   

Cost of equipment revenue (exclusive of items shown below)

    29,375        165        65        29,605   

Engineering, design and development

    55,732        3,291        1,784        60,807   

Sales and marketing

    34,051        2,733        2,894        39,678   

General and administrative

    76,652        (7,984     (5,572     63,096   

Depreciation and amortization

    61,814        —          —          61,814   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

  $ 393,030      $ —        $ —        $ 393,030   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we determined that it was necessary to revise the presentation of our investments in U.S. Treasury bills as short-term investments, rather than as cash and cash equivalents, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As such, changes in our short-term investments are included in cash flows from investing activities in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Our short-term investments are comprised of investments in U.S. Treasury bills with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of more than three months but less than twelve months. We have the intent and ability to hold our short-term investments to maturity at the time of purchase and we reevaluate such determination each reporting period. Therefore, we classify our short-term investments as held-to-maturity.

We assessed the materiality of these classification changes, taking into account quantitative and qualitative factors, and determined them to be immaterial to the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 and to the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. There is no impact to the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for any period reported.

While these immaterial classification changes could have been reflected prospectively, we elected to revise the previously reported unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows in order to provide greater comparability for the periods presented. Therefore, we have revised the previously reported cash and cash equivalents to reflect the classification of our investments in U.S. Treasury bills as short-term investments in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. Additionally, we have revised previously reported net cash used in investing activities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 to include changes in our short-term investments.

 

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

 

Below are the line items from our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 illustrating the effect of these immaterial revisions (in thousands):

 

     As Reported      Revisions      As Revised  

Current assets:

        

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 366,833       $ (219,491    $ 147,342   

Short-term investments

     —           219,491         219,491   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

     366,833         —           366,833   

Accounts receivable, net of allowances

     69,317         —           69,317   

Inventories

     20,937         —           20,937   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     10,920         —           10,920   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

   $ 468,007       $ —         $ 468,007   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Below are the line items from our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine month period ended September 30, 2015 illustrating the effect of these immaterial revisions (in thousands):

 

     As Reported      Revisions      As Revised  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 87,337       $ —         $ 87,337   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Investing activities:

        

Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

     75         —           75   

Purchases of property and equipment

     (105,105      —           (105,105

Acquisition of intangible assets – capitalized software

     (12,678      —           (12,678

Purchases of short-term investments

     —           (249,688      (249,688

Redemptions of short-term investments

     —           99,953         99,953   

Decrease in restricted cash

     20         —           20   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (117,688      (149,735      (267,423
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     206,500         —           206,500   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

     570         —           570   

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     176,719         (149,735      26,984   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     211,236         (79,941      131,295   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 387,955       $ (229,676    $ 158,279   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue  from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). This pronouncement outlines a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within the annual reporting periods. Early adoption of the guidance is permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within the annual reporting periods. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we expect to apply this standard using the full retrospective method. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”). This pronouncement provides additional guidance surrounding the disclosure of going concern uncertainties in the financial statements and requires that management perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. We will adopt this guidance as of December 31, 2016. We do not anticipate the adoption of this guidance to result in additional disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which introduces a lessee model that records most leases on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 also aligns certain underlying principles of the new lessor model with those in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), the FASB’s new revenue recognition standard. Furthermore, ASU 2016-02 eliminates the required use

 

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of bright-line tests used in current GAAP for determining lease classification. It also requires lessors to provide additional transparency into the exposure to the changes in value of their residual assets and how they manage that exposure. ASU 2016-02 is effective January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-04, Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products (“ASU 2016-04”), which amends the guidance on extinguishing financial liabilities for certain prepaid stored-value products by requiring that entities that sell prepaid stored-value products recognize breakage proportionally as the prepaid stored-value product is being redeemed rather than immediately upon sale of the product. If an entity is unable to estimate breakage, the amount would be recognized when the likelihood becomes remote that the holder will exercise the remaining rights. Entities are required to reassess their estimates of breakage each reporting period. Any change in this estimate would be accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate. An entity that recognizes breakage is required to disclose the methodology used to recognize breakage and significant judgments made in applying the breakage methodology. ASU 2016-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted. We can apply ASU 2016-04 by using either a modified retrospective transition approach or a full retrospective transition approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”), which amends the principal-versus-agent implementation guidance and illustrations in ASC 606. The FASB issued ASU 2016-08 in response to concerns identified by stakeholders, including those related to determining the appropriate unit of account under the revenue standard’s principal-versus-agent guidance and applying the indicators of whether an entity is a principal or an agent in accordance with the revenue standard’s control principle. ASU 2016-08 has the same effective date as ASU 2014-09 and requires adopting ASU 2016-08 by using the same transition method used to adopt ASU 2014-09. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we expect to apply this standard using the full retrospective method. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions for both public and nonpublic entities, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. We do not expect a material impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (“ASU 2016-10”) which amends certain aspects of ASU 2014-09, specifically aspects related to identifying performance obligations and implementation guidance for licensing. ASU 2016-10 has the same effective date as ASU 2014-09 and requires adopting ASU 2016-10 by using the same transition method used to adopt ASU 2014-09. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we expect to apply this standard using the full retrospective method. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope improvements and Practical Expedients (“ASU 2016-12”), which amends certain aspects of ASU 2014-09. The amendments address certain implementation issues and clarify, rather than change, the standard’s core revenue recognition principles which include clarity on collectability, presentation of sales tax and other similar taxes collected from customers, noncash consideration, contract modifications and completed contracts at transition and transition technical corrections. ASU 2016-12 has the same effective date as ASU 2014-09 and requires adopting ASU 2016-12 by using the same transition method used to adopt ASU 2014-09. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we expect to apply this standard using the full retrospective method. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which amends ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, the FASB’s standards for reporting cash flows in general-purpose financial statements. The amendments address the diversity in practice related to the

 

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classification of certain cash receipts and payments including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we expect to apply this standard using the full retrospective method. We do not believe adoption of this guidance will have a material effect on our cash flows as we have historically reported debt prepayment and debt extinguishment costs in a manner consistent with ASU 2016-15.

 

3. Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share have been calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The shares of common stock effectively repurchased in connection with the Forward Transactions (as defined and described in Note 8, “Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities”) are considered participating securities requiring the two-class method to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share. Net earnings in future periods will be allocated between common shares and participating securities. In periods of a net loss, the shares associated with the Forward Transactions will not receive an allocation of losses, as the counterparties to the Forward Transactions are not required to fund losses. Accordingly, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 excludes approximately 7.2 million shares that will be repurchased as a result of the Forward Transactions.

As a result of the net loss for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, all of the outstanding shares of common stock underlying stock options, deferred stock units and restricted stock units were excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding because they were anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015; however, because of the undistributed losses, the shares of common stock associated with the Forward Transactions are excluded from the computation of basic earnings per share in 2016 and 2015 as undistributed losses are not allocated to these shares (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

     For the Three Months      For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,      Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015      2016      2015  

Net loss

   $ (33,273    $ (28,870    $ (97,573    $ (73,734

Less: Participation rights of the Forward Transactions

     —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Undistributed losses

   $ (33,273    $ (28,870    $ (97,573    $ (73,734
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average common shares outstanding-basic and diluted

     79,003         78,633         78,864         80,047   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net loss attributable to common stock per share-basic and diluted

   $ (0.42    $ (0.37    $ (1.24    $ (0.92
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

4. Inventories

Inventories consist primarily of telecommunications systems and parts, and are recorded at the lower of cost (average cost) or market. We evaluate the need for write-downs associated with obsolete, slow-moving, and nonsalable inventory by reviewing net realizable inventory values on a periodic basis.

Inventories as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, all of which were included within the BA segment, were as follows (in thousands):

 

     September 30,      December 31,  
     2016      2015  

Work-in-process component parts

   $ 28,159       $ 13,866   

Finished goods

     7,431         7,071   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total inventory

   $ 35,590       $ 20,937   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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5. Composition of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts

Property and equipment as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

 

     September 30,      December 31,  
     2016      2015  

Office equipment, furniture, fixtures and other

   $ 47,601       $ 43,447   

Leasehold improvements

     42,118         42,318   

Airborne equipment

     512,262         414,381   

Network equipment

     166,511         156,890   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     768,492         657,036   

Accumulated depreciation

     (275,267      (222,546
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

   $ 493,225       $ 434,490   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

 

     September 30,      December 31,  
     2016      2015  

Employee compensation and benefits

   $ 24,863       $ 23,668   

Airborne equipment and installation costs

     19,938         17,503   

Airborne partner related accrued liabilities

     16,199         11,387   

Accrued interest

     20,636         4,611   

Other

     26,945         31,521   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total accrued liabilities

   $ 108,581       $ 88,690   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other non-current liabilities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

 

     September 30,      December 31,  
     2016      2015  

Deferred rent

   $ 36,899       $ 36,656   

Deferred revenue

     35,596         20,758   

Asset retirement obligations

     8,346         7,847   

Other

     7,036         3,589   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other non-current liabilities

   $ 87,877       $ 68,850   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

6. Intangible Assets

Our intangible assets are comprised of both indefinite-lived and finite-lived intangible assets. Intangible assets with indefinite lives and goodwill are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. We perform our annual impairment tests of our indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. We also reevaluate the useful life of the indefinite-lived intangible assets each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. The results of our annual indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill impairment assessments in the fourth quarter of 2015 indicated no impairment.

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our goodwill balance, all of which related to our BA segment, was $0.6 million.

 

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Our intangible assets, other than goodwill, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands, except for weighted average remaining useful life):

 

     Weighted                                          
     Average      As of September 30, 2016      As of December 31, 2015  
     Remaining      Gross            Net      Gross            Net  
     Useful Life      Carrying      Accumulated     Carrying      Carrying      Accumulated     Carrying  
     (in years)      Amount      Amortization     Amount      Amount      Amortization     Amount  

Amortized intangible assets:

                  

Software

     2.3       $ 112,015       $ (64,838   $ 47,177       $ 90,925       $ (50,760   $ 40,165   

OEM and dealer relationships

     0.3         6,724         (6,499     225         6,724         (5,995     729   

Service customer relationship

     3.5         8,081         (4,519     3,562         8,081         (3,757     4,324   

Other intangible assets

     3.2         1,500         (577     923         1,500         (178     1,322   
     

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total amortized intangible assets

        128,320         (76,433     51,887         107,230         (60,690     46,540   

Unamortized intangible assets:

                  

FCC Licenses

        32,283         —          32,283         32,283         —          32,283   
     

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total intangible assets

      $ 160,603       $ (76,433   $ 84,170       $ 139,513       $ (60,690   $ 78,823   
     

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amortization expense was $6.0 million and $15.8 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, and $4.9 million and $13.1 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods.

Amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be as follows (in thousands):

 

     Amortization  
Years ending December 31,    Expense  

2016 (period from October 1 to December 31)

   $ 6,363   

2017

   $ 19,759   

2018

   $ 13,787   

2019

   $ 6,992   

2020

   $ 2,109   

Thereafter

   $ 2,877   

Actual future amortization expense could differ from the estimated amount as a result of future investments and other factors.

 

7. Warranties

We provide warranties on parts and labor related to our products. Our warranty terms range from two to five years. Warranty reserves are established for costs that are estimated to be incurred after the sale, delivery and installation of the products under warranty. The warranty reserves are determined based on known product failures, historical experience and other available evidence, and are included in accrued liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our warranty reserve balance was $2.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

 

8. Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities

Long-term debt as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

 

     September 30,      December 31,  
     2016      2015  

Senior Secured Notes

   $ 525,000       $ —     

Convertible Notes

     287,468         274,528   

Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility

     —           301,503   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total debt

     812,468         576,031   

Less deferred financing costs

     (16,267      (14,623

Less current portion of long-term debt

     —           (18,835
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total long-term debt

   $ 796,201       $ 542,573   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Senior Secured Notes – On June 14, 2016 (the “Issue Date”), Gogo Intermediate Holdings LLC (“GIH”) and Gogo Finance Co. Inc. (the “Co-Issuer” and, together with GIH, the “Issuers”), issued $525 million aggregate principal amount of 12.500% senior secured notes due 2022 (the “Senior Secured Notes”) under an Indenture, dated as of June 14, 2016 (the “Indenture”), among the Issuers, us, as guarantor, certain subsidiaries of GIH, as guarantors (the “Subsidiary Guarantors” and, together with us, the “Guarantors”), and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”) and as collateral agent (in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”). On September 30, 2016 the outstanding principal balance of the Senior Secured Notes was $525.0 million.

Interest on the Senior Secured Notes will accrue at the rate of 12.500% per annum and will be payable semi-annually in arrears on July 1 and January 1, commencing on January 1, 2017. The Senior Secured Notes mature on July 1, 2022.

We used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes to repay all indebtedness outstanding under the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility (as defined below), which we prepaid at par plus 3.0% of the principal amount of the loans prepaid (see below for additional details). We intend to use the remaining net proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including potential costs associated with the launch and commercial rollout of our next-generation technology solutions.

We paid approximately $11.4 million of loan origination fees and financing costs related to the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes, which has been accounted for as deferred financing costs. The deferred financing costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet are being amortized over the contractual term of the Senior Secured Notes using the effective interest method. Total amortization expense was $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016. As of September 30, 2016, the balance of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Senior Secured Notes was $10.9 million and is included as a reduction to long-term debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. See Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information.

The Senior Secured Notes are the senior secured indebtedness of the Issuers and are:

 

    effectively senior to all of the Issuers’ existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and the Issuers’ indebtedness secured on a junior priority basis by the same collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes, if any, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes;

 

    effectively senior in right of payment to all of the Issuers’ future indebtedness that is subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Secured Notes;

 

    effectively equal in right of payment with the Issuers’ existing and future (i) unsecured indebtedness that is not subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Secured Notes and (ii) indebtedness secured on a junior priority basis by the same collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes, if any, in each case to the extent of any insufficiency in the collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes;

 

    structurally senior to all of our existing and future indebtedness, including our Convertible Notes (as defined below); and

 

    structurally subordinated to all of the indebtedness and other liabilities of any non-Guarantors (other than the Issuers).

The Senior Secured Notes are guaranteed, on a senior secured basis, by us and all of GIH’s existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries (other than the Co-Issuer), subject to certain exceptions. The Issuers’ obligations under the Senior Secured Notes are not guaranteed by Gogo International Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of ours that holds no material assets other than equity interests of our foreign subsidiaries. Each guarantee is a senior secured obligation of such Guarantor and is:

 

    effectively senior to all of such Guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and such Guarantor’s indebtedness secured on a junior priority basis by the same collateral, if any, securing the guarantee of such Guarantor, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such guarantee;

 

    effectively senior in right of payment to all of such Guarantor’s future indebtedness that is subordinated in right of payment to such Guarantor’s guarantee;

 

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    effectively equal in right of payment with all of such Guarantor’s existing and future (i) unsecured indebtedness that is not subordinated in right of payment to such Guarantor’s guarantee, and (ii) indebtedness secured on a junior priority basis by the same collateral, if any, securing the guarantee of such Guarantor, in each case to the extent of any insufficiency in the collateral securing such guarantee; and

 

    structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of any non-Guarantor subsidiary of such Guarantor (excluding, in the case of our guarantee, the Issuers).

The Senior Secured Notes and the related guarantees are secured by first-priority liens, subject to permitted liens, on substantially all of the Issuers’ and the Guarantors’ assets, except for certain excluded assets, including pledged equity interests of the Issuers and all of our existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries guaranteeing the Senior Secured Notes.

The security interests in certain collateral may be released without the consent of holders of the Senior Secured Notes if such collateral is disposed of in a transaction that complies with the Indenture and related security agreements. In addition, under certain circumstances, we and the Guarantors have the right to transfer certain intellectual property assets that on the Issue Date constitute collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes or the guarantees to a restricted subsidiary organized under the laws of Switzerland, resulting in the release of such collateral without consent of the holders of the Senior Secured Notes.

On or after July 1, 2019, the Issuers may, at their option, at any time or from time to time, redeem any of the Senior Secured Notes in whole or in part. The Senior Secured Notes will be redeemable at the following redemption prices (expressed in percentages of principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant regular record date that are on or prior to the redemption date to receive interest due on an interest payment date), if redeemed during the twelve-month period commencing on July 1 of the following years:

 

     Redemption  
Year    Price  

2019

     106.250

2020

     103.125

2021 and thereafter

     100.000

In addition, at any time prior to July 1, 2019, the Issuers may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 112.500% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the date of redemption; provided, however, that Senior Secured Notes representing at least 65% of the principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding immediately after each such redemption.

The Issuers may redeem the Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to July 1, 2019, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes redeemed plus the make-whole premium set forth in the Indenture as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the applicable redemption date.

The Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Issuers and the Subsidiary Guarantors and, in certain circumstances, our ability, to: incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions; make investments; create restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends to the Issuers or make other intercompany transfers; create liens; transfer or sell assets; merge or consolidate; and enter into certain transactions with the Issuers’ affiliates, including us. Most of these covenants will cease to apply if, and for as long as, the Senior Secured Notes have investment grade ratings from both Moody’s Investment Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s.

If we or the Issuers undergo specific types of change of control prior to July 1, 2022, GIH is required to make an offer to repurchase for cash all of the Senior Secured Notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the payment date.

The Indenture provides for events of default, which, if any of them occur, would permit or require the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all the then outstanding Senior Secured Notes issued under the Indenture to be due and payable immediately. As of September 30, 2016, no event of default had occurred.

 

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Convertible Notes – On March 3, 2015, we issued $340.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (the “Convertible Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers, pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. We granted an option to the initial purchasers to purchase up to an additional $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes to cover over-allotments, of which $21.9 million was subsequently exercised during March 2015, resulting in a total issuance of $361.9 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes mature on March 1, 2020, unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of our common stock under certain circumstances described below. Upon maturity, we have the option to settle our obligation through cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. We pay interest on the Convertible Notes semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year. Interest payments began on September 1, 2015.

The $361.9 million of proceeds received from the issuance of the Convertible Notes was initially allocated between long-term debt (the liability component) at $261.9 million, and additional paid-in-capital, (the equity component) at $100.0 million, within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the liability component was measured using rates determined for similar debt instruments without a conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the aggregate face value of the Convertible Notes. If we or the note holders elect not to settle the debt through conversion, we must settle the Convertible Notes at face value. Therefore, the liability component will be accreted up to the face value of the Convertible Notes, which will result in additional non-cash interest expense being recognized within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations through the Convertible Notes maturity date (see Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information). The effective interest rate on the Convertible Notes, including accretion of the notes to par and debt issuance cost amortization, was approximately 11.5%. The equity component will not be remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the outstanding principal on the Convertible Notes was $361.9 million for both periods, the unamortized debt discount was $74.4 million and $87.4 million, respectively, and the net carrying amount of the liability component was $287.5 million and $274.5 million, respectively.

We incurred approximately $10.4 million of issuance costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Notes, of which $7.5 million and $2.9 million were recorded to deferred financing costs and additional paid-in capital, respectively, in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds of the Convertible Notes. The $7.5 million recorded as deferred financing costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet is being amortized over the term of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method. Total amortization expense of the deferred financing costs was $0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, and $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods. Amortization expense is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the balance of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Convertible Notes was $5.4 million and $6.5 million, respectively, and is included as a reduction to long-term debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information.

The Convertible Notes had an initial conversion rate of 41.9274 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $23.85 per share of our common stock. Upon conversion, we currently expect to deliver cash up to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes then outstanding. With respect to any conversion value in excess of the principal amount, we currently expect to deliver shares of our common stock. We may elect to deliver cash in lieu of all or a portion of such shares. The shares of common stock subject to conversion are excluded from diluted earnings per share calculations under the if-converted method as their impact is anti-dilutive.

Holders may convert the Convertible Notes, at their option, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount at any time prior to December 1, 2019, but only in the following circumstances:

 

    during any fiscal quarter beginning after the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2015, if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the last 30 consecutive trading days of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of the Convertible Notes on each applicable trading day;

 

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

 

    during the five business day period following any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price for the Convertible Notes is less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate for the Convertible Notes on each such trading day; or

 

    upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

None of the above events allowing for conversion prior to December 1, 2019 occurred during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 or 2015. Regardless of whether any of the foregoing circumstances occurs, a holder may convert its Convertible Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at any time on or after December 1, 2019 until maturity.

In addition, if we undergo a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes), holders may, subject to certain conditions, require us to repurchase their Convertible Notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be purchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the maturity date, we will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate event in certain circumstances.

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, we paid approximately $140 million to enter into prepaid forward stock repurchase transactions (the “Forward Transactions”) with certain financial institutions (the “Forward Counterparties”), pursuant to which we purchased approximately 7.2 million shares of common stock for settlement on or around the March 1, 2020 maturity date for the Convertible Notes, subject to the ability of each Forward Counterparty to elect to settle all or a portion of its Forward Transactions early. As a result of the Forward Transactions, total shareholders’ equity within our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet was reduced by approximately $140 million. Approximately 7.2 million shares of common stock that will be effectively repurchased through the Forward Transactions are treated as retired shares for basic and diluted EPS purposes although they remain legally outstanding.

Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility – On July 30, 2014, GIH, Gogo Business Aviation LLC, f/k/a Aircell Business Aviation Services LLC (“GBA”), and Gogo LLC, as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”), entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement dated as of June 21, 2012 and amended on April 4, 2013 (the “Amended Senior Term Facility”) among the Borrowers, the lenders named therein, and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent. We refer to the Amendment and the Amended Senior Term Facility collectively as the “Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.”

Prior to the Amendment, under the Amended Senior Term Facility we borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $248.0 million (the “Tranche B-1 Loans”). Pursuant to the Amendment, we borrowed an aggregate additional principal amount of $75.0 million (the “Tranche B-2 Loans” and, together with the Tranche B-1 Loans, the “Loans”).

The interest rates applicable to the Tranche B-1 Loans were based on a fluctuating rate of interest measured by reference, at GBA’s option, to either (i) a London inter-bank offered rate adjusted for statutory reserve requirements (“LIBOR”) (subject to a 1.50% floor) plus an applicable margin of 9.75% per annum, or (ii) an alternate base rate (“Base Rate”) (subject to a 2.50% floor) plus an applicable margin of 8.75% per annum. The interest rates applicable to the Tranche B-2 Loans were based on a fluctuating rate of interest measured by reference, at GBA’s option, to either (i) LIBOR (subject to a 1.00% floor) plus an applicable margin of 6.50% per annum, or (ii) a Base Rate (subject to a 2.00% floor) plus an applicable margin of 5.50% per annum. Immediately prior to the termination, all loans were outstanding as one month LIBOR loans, and the interest rates on the Tranche B-1 Loans and the Tranche B-2 Loans were 11.25% and 7.50%, respectively. We paid customary fees in respect of the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.

The Tranche B-2 Loans were secured by the same collateral and guaranteed by the same guarantors as the Tranche B-1 Loans. The call premiums, mandatory prepayments, covenants, events of default and other terms applicable to the Tranche B-2 Loans were also generally the same as the corresponding terms applicable to the Tranche B-1 Loans under the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.

On June 14, 2016 the outstanding principal balance of $287.7 million, together with accrued and unpaid interest, was paid in full, and the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility was terminated in accordance with its terms on such date (subject to the survival of provisions expressly stated therein to survive the termination thereof).

 

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Additionally, we paid the voluntary prepayment premium of 3.0% or $8.6 million and wrote off all of the remaining unamortized deferred financing costs of $6.8 million. Both of these items are included in loss on extinguishment of debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2015, $301.5 million was outstanding under the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.

We paid $22.2 million of loan origination fees and financing costs related to the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility, all but $4.1 million of which were accounted for as deferred financing costs. Total amortization expense of the deferred financing costs was $0.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2016, and $0.8 million and $1.5 million in the comparable prior year periods, respectively. Amortization expense is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As noted above, deferred financing costs related to the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility were written off as of June 14, 2016. As of December 31, 2015, the balance of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility was $8.2 million and was included as a reduction to long-term debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. See Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information.

Letters of Credit - We maintain several letters of credit totaling $8.0 million and $7.5 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Certain of the letters of credit require us to maintain restricted cash accounts in a similar amount, and are issued for the benefit of the landlords at our current office locations in Chicago, Illinois; Bensenville, Illinois; Broomfield, Colorado and our former office location in Itasca, Illinois.

 

9. Interest Costs

We capitalize a portion of our interest on funds borrowed during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and amortized over the useful lives of the assets.

The following is a summary of our interest costs for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

     For the Three Months      For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,      Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015      2016      2015  

Interest costs charged to expense

   $ 19,598       $ 11,635       $ 42,780       $ 31,142   

Amortization of deferred financing costs

     818         1,127         2,981         3,016   

Accretion of Convertible Notes

     4,432         3,972         12,940         8,472   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Interest expense

     24,848         16,734         58,701         42,630   

Interest costs capitalized to property and equipment

     34         45         187         157   

Interest costs capitalized to software

     279         303         961         940   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total interest costs

   $ 25,161       $ 17,082       $ 59,849       $ 43,727   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

10. Leases

Arrangements with Commercial Airlines — Pursuant to contractual agreements with our airline partners, we place our equipment on commercial aircraft operated by the airlines for the purpose of delivering the Gogo service to passengers on the aircraft. Depending on the agreement, we may be responsible for the costs of installing and/or deinstalling the equipment. Under one type of connectivity agreement we maintain legal title to our equipment; however, under a second, more prevalent type of connectivity agreement some of our airline partners make an upfront payment and take legal title to such equipment. The majority of the equipment transactions involve the transfer of legal title but have not met sales recognition for accounting purposes because the risks and rewards of ownership are not fully transferred due to our continuing involvement with the equipment, the length of the term of our agreements with the airlines, and restrictions in the agreements regarding the airlines’ use of the equipment. We account for these equipment transactions as operating leases of space for our equipment on the aircraft. The assets are recorded as airborne equipment on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, as noted in Note 5, “Composition of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts.” Any upfront equipment payments are accounted for as lease incentives and recorded as deferred airborne lease incentives on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and are recognized as a reduction of the cost of service revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement with the airline. We recognized $7.8 million and $20.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine month

 

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periods ended September 30, 2016, and $5.1 million and $13.7 million for the comparable prior year periods, respectively, as a reduction to our cost of service revenue in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2016, deferred airborne lease incentives of $27.9 million and $135.7 million, respectively, are included in current and non-current liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2015, deferred airborne lease incentives of $21.7 million and $121.7 million, respectively, are included in current and non-current liabilities, in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

For the airline agreements where the equipment transactions are treated as operating leases of space, the revenue share paid to our airline partners represents operating lease payments. They are deemed to be contingent rental payments, as the payments due to each airline are based on a percentage of our CA-NA and CA-ROW service revenue generated from that airline’s passengers, which is unknown until realized. Therefore, we cannot estimate the lease payments due to an airline at the commencement of our contract with such airline. This rental expense is included in cost of service revenue and is offset by the amortization of the deferred airborne lease incentives discussed above. Such rental expenses totaled a net charge of $10.1 million and $32.3 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, and $9.9 million and $30.8 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods.

One contract with one of our airline partners requires us to provide that airline partner with a cash rebate of $1.8 million if our service is available on a specified number of aircraft in such airline partner’s fleet on the preceding December 31, in June of each year from 2015 through 2023. Based upon the number of aircraft in service on December 31, 2015, we were required to and we paid the $1.8 million rebate to this airline partner in June 2016.

Leases and Cell Site Contracts — We have lease agreements relating to certain facilities and equipment, which are considered operating leases. Rent expense for such operating leases was $3.0 million and $8.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, and $3.4 million and $11.1 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods. Additionally, we have operating leases with wireless service providers for tower space and base station capacity on a volume usage basis (“cell site leases”), some of which provide for minimum annual payments. Our cell site leases generally provide for an initial noncancelable term of up to five years with up to four five-year renewal options. Total cell site rental expense was $2.3 million and $7.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, and $2.2 million and $6.8 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods.

Annual future minimum obligations for operating leases for each of the next five years and thereafter, other than the arrangements we have with our commercial airline partners, as of September 30, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):

 

     Operating  
Years ending December 31,    Leases  

2016 (period from October 1 to December 31)

   $ 5,243   

2017

   $ 19,667   

2018

   $ 17,003   

2019

   $ 15,868   

2020

   $ 14,136   

Thereafter

   $ 108,474   

 

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Equipment Leases – We lease certain computer and network equipment under capital leases, for which interest has been imputed with annual interest rates in an approximate range of 11% to 14%. As of September 30, 2016 the computer equipment leases were classified as part of office equipment, furniture, and fixtures and other in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at a gross cost of $3.2 million. As of September 30, 2016 the network equipment leases were classified as part of network equipment in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at a gross cost of $7.5 million. Annual future minimum obligations under capital leases for each of the next five years and thereafter, as of September 30, 2016, are as follows (in thousands):

 

     Capital  
Years ending December 31,    Leases  

2016 (period from October 1 to December 31)

   $ 963   

2017

     2,909   

2018

     1,336   

2019

     183   

Thereafter

     —     
  

 

 

 

Total minimum lease payments

     5,391   

Less: Amount representing interest

     (507
  

 

 

 

Present value of net minimum lease payments

   $ 4,884   
  

 

 

 

The $4.9 million present value of net minimum lease payments as of September 30, 2016 has a current portion of $2.8 million included in the current portion of long-term debt and capital leases and a non-current portion of $2.1 million included in other non-current liabilities.

 

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Contractual Commitments - We have agreements with vendors to provide us with transponder and teleport satellite services. These agreements vary in length and amount and as of September 30, 2016 commit us to purchase transponder and teleport satellite services totaling approximately $11.9 million in 2016 (October 1 through December 31), $51.5 million in 2017, $43.0 million in 2018, $47.6 million in 2019, $60.6 million in 2020 and $343.0 million thereafter.

We have agreements with various vendors under which we have remaining commitments to purchase satellite-based systems, certifications and development services. Such commitments will become payable as we receive the equipment or certifications, or as development services are provided.

Damages and Penalties - We have entered into a number of agreements with our airline partners that require us to provide a credit or pay liquidated damages to our airline partners on a per aircraft, per day or per hour basis if we are unable to install our equipment on aircraft by specified timelines or fail to comply with service level commitments. The maximum amount of future credits or payments we could be required to make under these agreements is uncertain because the amount of future credits or payments is based on certain variable inputs.

Indemnifications and Guarantees - In accordance with Delaware law, we indemnify our officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at our request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under this indemnification is uncertain and may be unlimited, depending upon circumstances. However, our Directors’ and Officers’ insurance does provide coverage for certain of these losses.

In the ordinary course of business we may occasionally enter into agreements pursuant to which we may be obligated to pay for the failure of performance of others, such as the use of corporate credit cards issued to employees. Based on historical experience, we believe that the risk of sustaining any material loss related to such guarantees is remote.

We have entered into a number of agreements, including our agreements with commercial airlines, pursuant to which we indemnify the other party for losses and expenses suffered or incurred in connection with any patent, copyright, or trademark infringement or misappropriation claim asserted by a third party with respect to our equipment or services. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is uncertain and is typically not limited by the terms of the agreements.

Salameno Litigation - On January 29, 2016, Charles Salameno, Maria-Angela Sanzone and John Jensen filed suit against us in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, on behalf of a putative class

 

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of national purchasers and a subclass of New York purchasers of our connectivity service, alleging that we violated New York and other consumer protection laws, as well as unjust enrichment, fraud and breach of contract arising from alleged false statements in our marketing materials and alleged data security issues arising from our network design and certain network practices. The suit seeks unspecified damages. We have not accrued any liability because the strength of our defenses and a range of possible loss, if any, cannot be determined at this stage of the litigation. Based on currently available information, we believe that we have strong defenses and intend to defend this lawsuit vigorously, but the outcome of this matter is inherently uncertain and may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. On May 23, 2016, we filed motions to compel arbitration and dismiss the suit, moving in the alternative to transfer venue and/or dismiss the suit for failure to state a claim. The Court held a hearing on June 30, 2016 where we argued the motions to dismiss and on July 7, 2016 the Court issued its opinion granting our motion to compel arbitration. On August 1, 2016, the Plaintiffs filed a motion asking the Court to reconsider its decision to compel arbitration. On September 15, 2016, the Court denied Plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration. On October 14, 2016, Plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. We intend to move to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

 

12. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

A three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:

 

    Level 1 - defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

 

    Level 2 - defined as observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such, as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

 

    Level 3 - defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

Long-Term Debt:

Our financial assets and liabilities that are disclosed but not measured at fair value include the Senior Secured Notes, the Convertible Notes and the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility (when outstanding), which are reflected on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at cost. The fair value measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy since they are based on quoted market prices of our instruments in markets that are not active. We estimated the fair value of the Senior Secured Notes, Convertible Notes and Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility (when outstanding) by calculating the upfront cash payment a market participant would require to assume these obligations. The upfront cash payments used in the calculations of fair value on our September 30, 2016 unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, excluding any issuance costs, is the amount that a market participant would be able to lend at September 30, 2016 to an entity with a credit rating similar to ours and achieve sufficient cash inflows to cover the scheduled cash outflows under the Senior Secured Notes and the Convertible Notes. The calculated fair value of our Convertible Notes is highly correlated to our stock price and as a result significant changes to our stock price could have a significant impact on the calculated fair value of our Convertible Notes.

The fair value and carrying value of long-term debt as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

 

     September 30, 2016      December 31, 2015  
     Fair Value (1)      Carrying
Value
     Fair Value (1)      Carrying
Value
 

Senior Secured Notes

   $ 559,000       $ 525,000       $ —         $ —     

Convertible Notes

     285,000         287,468         352,000         274,528   

Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility

     —           —           299,000         301,503   

 

(1) Fair value amounts are rounded to the nearest million.

We have held-to-maturity financial instruments where carrying value approximated fair value. There were no fair value adjustments to these financial instruments during 2016 and 2015.

 

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13. Income Tax

The effective income tax rates for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 were (1.4%) and (1.0%), respectively, and (0.9%) and (1.3%), respectively, for the comparable prior year periods. Income tax expense recorded in each period was similar, with differences in pre-tax income causing the change in the effective tax rate. The difference between our effective tax rates and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was primarily due to the recording of a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.

We are subject to income taxation in the United States, various states, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Mexico, Brazil, Singapore and the United Kingdom. With few exceptions, as of September 30, 2016, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2012.

We record penalties and interest relating to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision line item in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations. No penalties or interest related to uncertain tax positions were recorded for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we did not have a liability recorded for interest or potential penalties.

We do not expect a change in the unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

 

14. Business Segments and Major Customers

We operate our business through three operating segments: Commercial Aviation North America, or “CA-NA”, Commercial Aviation Rest of World, or “CA-ROW” and Business Aviation, or “BA”. See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation” for further information regarding our segments.

The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2015 10-K. Intercompany transactions between segments are excluded as they are not included in management’s performance review of the segments. We currently do not generate a material amount of foreign revenue. We do not segregate assets between segments for internal reporting. Therefore, asset-related information has not been presented. We do not disclose assets outside of the United States as these assets are not material as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. For our airborne assets, we consider only those assets installed in aircraft associated with international commercial airline partners to be owned outside of the United States.

Management evaluates performance and allocates resources to each segment based on segment profit (loss), which is calculated internally as net income (loss) attributable to common stock before interest expense, interest income, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, certain non-cash charges (including amortization of deferred airborne lease incentives, stock-based compensation expense, adjustment to deferred financing costs and loss on extinguishment of debt) and other income (expense). Segment profit (loss) is a measure of performance reported to the chief operating decision maker for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to the segments and evaluating segment performance. In addition, segment profit (loss) is included herein in conformity with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting. Management believes that segment profit (loss) provides useful information for analyzing and evaluating the underlying operating results of each segment. However, segment profit (loss) should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income (loss) attributable to common stock or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Additionally, our computation of segment profit (loss) may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies.

Information regarding our reportable segments is as follows (in thousands):

 

     For the Three Months Ended  
     September 30, 2016  
     CA-NA      CA-ROW      BA      Total  

Service revenue

   $ 88,534       $ 7,235       $ 33,330       $ 129,099   

Equipment revenue

     2,191         360         15,617         18,168   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue

   $ 90,725       $ 7,595       $ 48,947       $ 147,267   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Segment profit (loss)

   $   14,509       $ (19,924    $   20,655       $ 15,240   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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     For the Three Months Ended  
     September 30, 2015  
     CA-NA      CA-ROW      BA      Total  

Service revenue

   $ 77,673       $ 3,615       $ 25,955       $ 107,243   

Equipment revenue

     900         1         18,263         19,164   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue

   $ 78,573       $ 3,616       $ 44,218       $ 126,407   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Segment profit (loss)

   $   11,825       $ (19,927    $   18,164       $ 10,062   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     For the Nine Months Ended  
     September 30, 2016  
     CA-NA      CA-ROW      BA      Total  

Service revenue

   $ 261,751       $ 17,213       $ 96,442       $ 375,406   

Equipment revenue

     8,708         731         51,707         61,146   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue

   $ 270,459       $ 17,944       $ 148,149       $ 436,552   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Segment profit (loss)

   $ 46,966       $ (62,945    $ 59,895       $ 43,916   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     For the Nine Months Ended  
     September 30, 2015  
     CA-NA      CA-ROW      BA      Total  

Service revenue

   $ 225,180       $ 7,328       $ 71,536       $ 304,044   

Equipment revenue

     1,518         1         57,546         59,065   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue

   $ 226,698       $ 7,329       $ 129,082       $ 363,109   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Segment profit (loss)

   $ 32,685       $ (56,199    $ 52,510       $ 28,996   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

A reconciliation of segment profit (loss) to the relevant consolidated amounts is as follows (in thousands):

 

     For the Three Months      For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,      Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015      2016      2015  

CA-NA segment profit

   $ 14,509       $ 11,825       $ 46,966       $ 32,685   

CA-ROW segment loss

     (19,924      (19,927      (62,945      (56,199

BA segment profit

     20,655         18,164         59,895         52,510   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total segment profit

     15,240         10,062         43,916         28,996   

Interest income

     852         49         1,064         65   

Interest expense

     (24,848      (16,734      (58,701      (42,630

Depreciation and amortization

     (26,779      (22,224      (76,042      (61,814

Amortization of deferred airborne lease incentives (1)

     7,765         5,143         20,650         13,740   

Stock-based compensation expense

     (5,000      (4,544      (12,986      (10,843

Adjustment to deferred financing costs

     —           —           792         —     

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     —           —           (15,406      —     

Other income (expense)

     (34      (377      137         (287
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

   $ (32,804    $ (28,625    $ (96,576    $ (72,773
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Amortization of deferred airborne lease incentive relates to our CA-NA and CA-ROW segments. See Note 10, “Leases” for further information.

Major Customers and Airline Partnerships — During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, no customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue. Two airline partners accounted for approximately 25% and 33%, respectively, of consolidated accounts receivable as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Revenue earned through Delta Air Lines and American Airlines (combined with US Airways) accounted for approximately 50% of consolidated revenue for both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared to 51% and 50%, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods.

 

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15. Employee Retirement and Postretirement Benefits

Stock-Based Compensation — As of December 31, 2015, we had two stock-based employee compensation plans (“Stock Plans”). See Note 11, “Stock-Based Compensation,” in our 2015 10-K for further information regarding these plans. In June 2016, our Board of Directors and stockholders approved the Gogo Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2016 Omnibus Plan”), under which 8,050,000 shares are available for equity-based incentive awards to our directors, officers, and employees. Awards under the 2016 Omnibus Plan may be in the form of performance awards, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock options, which may be either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, deferred share units (“DSUs”), other stock-based awards and dividend equivalents.

In June 2016, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved grants under one of the Stock Plans and the 2016 Omnibus Plan comprised of both non-performance based awards and performance awards. The contractual term and time-based vesting provisions for the non-performance based awards are consistent with prior grants. See Note 11, “Stock-Based Compensation,” in our 2015 10-K for additional information. The performance awards vest based on achieving one or more predetermined performance conditions and completion of the same time-based vesting requirements applicable to the non-performance based awards.

Compensation cost for the 2016 Omnibus Plan is measured and recognized at fair value, net of forfeitures on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period. The fair value of the non-performance awards under the 2016 Omnibus Plan is measured consistently to those of the Stock Plans. See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2015 10-K for additional information. The fair value of the performance awards that were granted is estimated using the Monte-Carlo simulation method.

For the nine month period ended September 30, 2016, options to purchase 2,033,879 shares of common stock (of which 374,200 are performance options that include, in addition to the time-based vesting requirements, a vesting condition based on achievement of specified market prices for our common shares) were granted, options to purchase 12,150 shares of common stock were exercised, options to purchase 94,015 (of which 6,300 are performance options) shares of common stock were forfeited, and options to purchase 54,284 shares of common stock expired.

For the nine month period ended September 30, 2016, 876,790 RSUs (of which 157,400 are performance RSUs that include, in addition to the time-based vesting requirements, a vesting condition based on achievement of specified market prices for our common shares) were granted, 240,779 RSUs vested and 86,015 RSUs were forfeited.

For the nine month period ended September 30, 2016, 84,500 shares of restricted stock were granted and 64,113 shares vested. These shares are deemed issued as of the date of grant, but not outstanding until they vest.

For the nine month period ended September 30, 2016, 58,546 DSUs were granted and 5,218 were released.

The employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) allows eligible employees to purchase our common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 90% of the lower of the fair market value of the stock as of the beginning or the end of three-month offering periods. Under the ESPP, 424,594 shares were reserved for issuance. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2016, 106,055 shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP.

The following is a summary of our stock-based compensation expense by operating expense line in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

 

     For the Three Month      For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,      Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015      2016      2015  

Cost of service revenue

   $ 446       $ 316       $ 1,142       $ 829   

Cost of equipment revenue

     34         29         78         65   

Engineering, design and development

     970         846         2,432         1,784   

Sales and marketing

     1,498         1,220         3,799         2,894   

General and administrative

     2,052         2,133         5,535         5,271   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

   $ 5,000       $ 4,544       $ 12,986       $ 10,843   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

 

401(k) Plan — Under our 401(k) plan, all employees who are eligible to participate are entitled to make tax-deferred contributions, subject to Internal Revenue Service limitations. We match 100% of the employee’s first 4% of contributions made, subject to annual limitations. Our matching contributions were $1.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, and $0.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods.

 

16. Research and Development Costs

Expenditures for research and development are charged to expense as incurred and totaled $11.8 million and $34.5 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and $12.7 million and $34.6 million, for the comparable prior year periods. Research and development costs are reported as a component of engineering, design and development expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

17. Canadian ATG Spectrum License

On July 17, 2012, Industry Canada issued to our Canadian subsidiary a subordinate license that allows us to use the Canadian ATG spectrum of which SkySurf Canada Communications Inc. (“SkySurf”) is the primary licensee. On July 24, 2012 we entered into a subordinate license agreement (the “License Agreement”) with SkySurf and on August 14, 2012 the agreement commenced. The License Agreement provides for our exclusive rights to use SkySurf’s ATG spectrum licenses in Canada. The License Agreement has an initial term of ten years commencing on August 14, 2012 and, provided that the primary spectrum license agreement issued by Industry Canada to SkySurf remains in effect, is renewable at our option for an additional ten-year term following the initial expiration and thereafter for a further five-year term. We made a one-time payment of C$3.3 million, which was equivalent to approximately US $3.3 million (“one-time payment”). The renewal of the primary spectrum license will depend upon the satisfaction by Gogo and SkySurf of certain conditions set forth in the license, including, without limitation, a network build-out requirement. The term of the License Agreement, including the initial ten-year term and any renewals, is contingent on the effectiveness and renewal of the primary spectrum license issued by Industry Canada to SkySurf on June 30, 2009, which expires on June 29, 2019. We pay SkySurf C$0.1 million, which is equivalent to US $0.1 million, monthly during the initial ten-year term of the License Agreement. Additionally, we make variable monthly payments based on the number of cell sites in Canada and the number of Canadian-domiciled commercial aircraft on which we provide our service.

As the License Agreement is for our exclusive use of a license, which is considered a right to use an intangible asset and thus not property, plant, or equipment, the agreement is not considered a lease for accounting purposes. As such, we recorded the SkySurf one-time payment as an asset in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at the time of payment. As of September 30, 2016 the one-time payment had balances of $0.1 million included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $2.1 million included in other non-current assets, respectively, in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The one-time payment is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated term of the agreement of 25 years, which includes estimated renewal periods.

Amortization expense for the one-time payment for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be as follows (in thousands):

 

    

Canadian ATG

Spectrum

 
Years ending December 31,    Amortization  

2016 (period from October 1 to December 31)

   $ 26   

2017

   $ 99   

2018

   $ 99   

2019

   $ 99   

2020

   $ 99   

Thereafter

   $ 1,650   

Amortization expense totaled less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

The monthly payments are expensed as incurred and totaled approximately $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, and $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods.

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report may constitute “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding our business outlook, industry, business strategy, plans, goals and expectations concerning our market position, international expansion, future technologies, future operations, margins, profitability, future efficiencies, capital expenditures, liquidity and capital resources and other financial and operating information. When used in this discussion, the words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “future” and the negative of these or similar terms and phrases are intended to identify forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations regarding future events, results or outcomes. These expectations may or may not be realized. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give you no assurance these expectations will prove to have been correct. Some of these expectations may be based upon assumptions, data or judgments that prove to be incorrect. Actual events, results and outcomes may differ materially from our expectations due to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Although it is not possible to identify all of these risks and factors, they include, among others, the following:

 

    the loss of, or failure to realize benefits from, agreements with our airline partners or any failure to renew any existing agreements upon expiration or termination;

 

    the failure to maintain airline satisfaction with our equipment or our service;

 

    any inability to timely and efficiently roll out our 2Ku service, next-gen ATG or other components of our technology roadmap for any reason, including regulatory delays or failures, or delays on the part of any of our suppliers, some of whom are single source, or the failure by our airline partners to roll out equipment upgrades, new services or adopt new technologies in order to support increased network capacity demands;

 

    the timing of deinstallation of our equipment from aircraft, including deinstallations resulting from aircraft retirements and other deinstallations permitted by certain airline contract provisions;

 

    the loss of relationships with original equipment manufacturers or dealers;

 

    our ability to develop or purchase ATG and satellite network capacity sufficient to accommodate current and expected growth in passenger demand in North America and internationally as we expand;

 

    our reliance on third-party suppliers, some of whom are single source, for satellite capacity and other services and the equipment we use to provide services to commercial airlines and their passengers and business aviation customers;

 

    unfavorable economic conditions in the airline industry and/or the economy as a whole;

 

    our ability to expand our international or domestic operations, including our ability to grow our business with current and potential future airline partners;

 

    an inability to compete effectively with other current or future providers of in-flight connectivity services and other products and services that we offer, including on the basis of price, service performance and line-fit availability;

 

    our ability to successfully develop and monetize new products and services such as Gogo Vision, Gogo Text & Talk and Gogo TV, including those that were recently released, are currently being offered on a limited or trial basis, or are in various stages of development;

 

    our ability to deliver products and services, including newly developed products and services, on schedules consistent with our contractual commitments to customers;

 

    the effects, if any, on our business of past or future airline mergers, including the merger of American Airlines and U.S. Airways;

 

    the failure of our equipment or material defects or errors in our software resulting in recalls or substantial warranty claims;

 

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    a future act or threat of terrorism, cyber-security attack or other events that could result in a prohibition or restriction of the use of Wi-Fi enabled devices on aircraft;

 

    a revocation of, or reduction in, our right to use licensed spectrum, the availability of other air-to-ground spectrum to a competitor or the repurposing by a competitor of other spectrum for air-to-ground use;

 

    our use of open source software and licenses;

 

    the effects of service interruptions or delays, technology failures and equipment failures or malfunctions arising from defects or errors in our software or defects in or damage to our equipment;

 

    the limited operating history of our CA-NA and CA-ROW segments;

 

    increases in our projected capital expenditures due to, among other things, unexpected costs incurred in connection with the roll-out of our technology roadmap or our international expansion;

 

    compliance with U.S. and foreign government regulations and standards, including those related to regulation of the Internet, including e-commerce or online video distribution changes, and the installation and operation of satellite equipment and our ability to obtain and maintain all necessary regulatory approvals to install and operate our equipment in the United States and foreign jurisdictions;

 

    our, or our technology suppliers’, inability to effectively innovate;

 

    costs associated with defending pending or future intellectual property infringement and other litigation or claims;

 

    our ability to protect our intellectual property;

 

    breaches of the security of our information technology network, resulting in unauthorized access to our customers’ credit card information or other personal information;

 

    any negative outcome or effects of pending or future litigation;

 

    limitations and restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness and our ability to service our indebtedness;

 

    our ability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all;

 

    fluctuations in our operating results;

 

    our ability to attract and retain customers and to capitalize on revenue from our platform;

 

    the demand for and market acceptance of our products and services;

 

    changes or developments in the regulations that apply to us, our business and our industry;

 

    the attraction and retention of qualified employees, including key personnel;

 

    the effectiveness of our marketing and advertising and our ability to maintain and enhance our brands;

 

    our ability to manage our growth in a cost-effective manner and integrate and manage acquisitions;

 

    compliance with anti-corruption laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the (U.K.) Bribery Act 2010;

 

    restrictions on the ability of U.S. companies to do business in foreign countries, including, among others, restrictions imposed by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control;

 

    difficulties in collecting accounts receivable; and

 

    other risks and factors listed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 25, 2016 (the “2015 10-K”) and in Item 1A of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 as filed with the SEC on May 6, 2016 and August 4, 2016, respectively.

 

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Any one of these factors or a combination of these factors could materially affect our financial condition or future results of operations and could influence whether any forward-looking statements contained in this report ultimately prove to be accurate. Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and you should not place undue reliance on them. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made and we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

In addition, while we do, from time to time, communicate with securities analysts, it is against our policy to disclose to them any material non-public information or other confidential information. Accordingly, stockholders should not assume that we agree with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report. Thus, to the extent that reports issued by securities analysts contain any projections, forecasts, or opinions, such reports are not our responsibility.

 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help the reader understand our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” “Gogo,” and the “Company,” as used in this report, refer to Gogo Inc. and its directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where otherwise stated or where it is clear that the terms refer only to Gogo Inc. exclusive of its subsidiaries.

The statements in this discussion regarding industry outlook, our expectations regarding our future performance, liquidity and capital resources and other non-historical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” in the 2015 10-K and in Item 1A of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, as filed with the SEC on May 6, 2016 and August 4, 2016, respectively, and in “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

Our fiscal year ends December 31 and, unless otherwise noted, references to years or fiscal are for fiscal years ended December 31. See “— Results of Operations.”

Company Overview

Gogo Inc. (“we”, “us”, “our”) is a holding company, which, through its operating subsidiaries is a provider of in-flight connectivity and wireless in-cabin digital entertainment solutions. We operate through the following three segments: Commercial Aviation North America or “CA-NA”, Commercial Aviation Rest of World or “CA-ROW” and Business Aviation or “BA”.

Services provided by our CA-NA and CA-ROW businesses include Passenger Connectivity, which allows passengers to connect to the Internet from their personal Wi-Fi-enabled devices; Passenger Entertainment, which offers passengers the opportunity to enjoy a broad selection of in-flight entertainment options on their personal Wi-Fi enabled devices; and Connected Aircraft Services (“CAS”), which offers airlines connectivity for various operations and currently includes among other things real-time credit card transaction processing, electronic flight bags and real-time weather information. Services are provided by the CA-NA business on commercial aircraft flying routes that generally begin and end within North America, which for this purpose includes the United States, Canada and Mexico. Our CA-ROW business provides service on commercial aircraft operated by foreign-based commercial airlines and flights outside of North America for North American-based commercial airlines. The routes included in our CA-ROW segment are those that begin and/or end outside of North America (as defined above) for which our international service is provided. Our BA business provides in-flight Internet connectivity and other voice and data communications products and services and sells equipment for in-flight telecommunications to the business aviation market. BA services include Gogo Biz, our in-flight broadband service, Passenger Entertainment, our in-flight entertainment service, and satellite-based voice and data services through our strategic alliances with satellite companies.

Recent Developments

Air France-KLM selected our 2Ku technology for its existing long-haul fleet, with an option to install 2Ku on additional aircraft in the future. European airline partners now include Air France-KLM, British Airways, Iberia and Virgin Atlantic for a total of nearly 300 aircraft awards.

We announced the development of our next generation air-to-ground network for business and commercial aircraft operating in North America. The network, which will employ both our current licensed ATG spectrum and the unlicensed 2.4 GHz spectrum, is expected to increase peak speeds to the aircraft to 100 Mbps by 2018 and will leverage our existing ground network infrastructure.

 

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Factors and Trends Affecting Our Results of Operations

We believe that our operating and business performance is driven by various factors that affect the commercial airline and business aviation industries, including trends affecting the travel industry and trends affecting the customer bases that we target, as well as factors that affect wireless Internet service providers and general macroeconomic factors. Key factors that may affect our future performance include:

 

    costs associated with the implementation of, and our ability to implement on a timely basis our technology roadmap, upgrades and installation of our ATG-4, 2Ku, next-gen ATG and other new technologies (including failures or delays on the part of antenna and other single source providers), the roll-out of our satellite services, the potential licensing of additional spectrum, and the implementation of improvements to our network and operations as technology changes and we experience increased network capacity constraints;

 

    costs associated with, and our ability to execute, our international expansion, including modification to our network to accommodate satellite technology, development and implementation of new satellite-based technologies, the availability of satellite capacity, costs of satellite capacity to which we may have to commit well in advance, and, compliance with applicable foreign regulations and expanded operations outside of the U.S.;

 

    costs associated with managing a rapidly growing company;

 

    the pace and extent of adoption of the Gogo service for use on international commercial aircraft by our current North American airline partners and new international airline partners;

 

    the number of aircraft in service in our markets, including consolidation of the airline industry or changes in fleet size by one or more of our commercial airline partners or BA fractional ownership customers;

 

    the economic environment and other trends that affect both business and leisure travel;

 

    the extent of passengers’, airline partners’ and other aircraft owners’ and operators’ adoption of our products and services, which is affected by, among other things, willingness to pay for the services that we provide, changes in technology and competition from current competitors and new market entrants;

 

    our ability to enter into and maintain long-term connectivity arrangements with airline partners, which depends on numerous factors including the real or perceived availability, quality and price of our services and product offerings as compared to those offered by our competitors;

 

    continued demand for connectivity and proliferation of Wi-Fi enabled devices, including smartphones, tablets and laptops;

 

    changes in laws, regulations and interpretations affecting telecommunications services, including those affecting our ability to maintain our licenses for ATG spectrum in the United States, obtain sufficient rights to use additional ATG spectrum and/or other sources of broadband connectivity to deliver our services, and expand our service offerings;

 

    changes in laws, regulations and interpretations affecting aviation, including, in particular, changes that impact the design of our equipment and our ability to obtain required certifications for our equipment; and

 

    our ability to obtain required foreign telecommunications, aviation and other licenses and approvals necessary for our international operations.

Summary Financial Information

Consolidated revenue was $147.3 million and $436.6 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $126.4 million and $363.1 million, respectively, for the comparable prior year periods. As of September 30, 2016, the CA-NA segment had 2,629 aircraft online to provide the Gogo service as compared with 2,312 as of September 30, 2015. As of September 30, 2016, the BA segment had 5,280 aircraft online with Iridium satellite communications systems and 3,974 Gogo Biz systems online as compared with 5,332 and 3,314, respectively, as of September 30, 2015. The BA segment became a reseller of Inmarsat SwiftBroadband satellite service in 2013 and had 193 systems online as of September 30, 2016 as compared with 98 systems online as of September 30, 2015. As of September 30, 2016, the CA-ROW segment had 256 aircraft online as compared with 160 aircraft as of September 30, 2015.

 

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Key Business Metrics

Our management regularly reviews a number of financial and operating metrics, including the following key operating metrics for the CA-NA, CA-ROW and BA segments, to evaluate the performance of our business and our success in executing our business plan, make decisions regarding resource allocation and corporate strategies and evaluate forward-looking projections.

 

Commercial Aviation North America

 
     For the Three Months     For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,     Ended September 30,  
     2016     2015     2016     2015  

Aircraft online (at period end)

     2,629        2,312        2,629        2,312   

Aircraft equivalents (average during the period)

     2,663        2,308        2,599        2,232   

Average monthly service revenue per aircraft equivalent (ARPA)

   $ 11,145      $ 11,218      $ 11,256      $ 11,209   

Gross passenger opportunity (GPO) (in thousands)

     108,351        95,600        298,812        259,725   

Total average revenue per session (ARPS)

   $ 11.46      $ 13.00      $ 12.43      $ 12.49   

Connectivity take rate

     6.5     5.6     6.4     6.2

 

Commercial Aviation Rest of World

 
     For the Three Months     For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,     Ended September 30,  
     2016     2015     2016     2015  

Aircraft online (at period end)

     256           160           256           160      

Aircraft equivalents (average during the period)

     209        138        193        121   

ARPA

   $   14,536      $ 11,945      $   12,818      $     9,780   

 

    Aircraft online. We define aircraft online as the total number of commercial aircraft on which our equipment is installed and service has been made commercially available as of the last day of each period presented. We assign aircraft to CA-NA or CA-ROW at the time of contract signing as follows: (i) all aircraft operated by North American airlines and under contract for ATG or ATG-4 service are assigned to CA-NA, (ii) all aircraft operated by North American airlines and under a contract for satellite service are assigned to CA-NA or CA-ROW based on whether the routes flown by such aircraft under the contract are anticipated to be predominantly within or outside of North America at the time the contract is signed, and (iii) all aircraft operated by non-North American airlines and under contract are assigned to CA-ROW.

 

    Aircraft equivalents. We define aircraft equivalents for a segment as the total number of commercial aircraft online (as defined above) multiplied by the percentage of flights flown within the scope of that segment, rounded to the nearest whole aircraft and expressed as an average of the month end figures for each month in such period. This methodology takes into account the fact that during a particular period certain aircraft may fly routes outside the scope of the segment to which they are assigned for purposes of the calculation of aircraft online.

 

    Average monthly service revenue per aircraft equivalent (“ARPA”). We define ARPA for a segment as the aggregate service revenue plus monthly service fees included as a reduction to cost of service revenue for that segment for the period divided by the number of months in the period, divided by the number of aircraft equivalents (as defined above) for that segment during the period. Prior to the three month period ended March 31, 2016, aircraft online were used as the denominator to calculate ARPA. Beginning with the three month period ended March 31, 2016, ARPA is calculated by using aircraft equivalents as the denominator. We believe the revised ARPA methodology more accurately reflects ARPA by segment because it better reflects the number of aircraft that actually generated the revenue while flying within the scope of each segment during a specific period. ARPA for the CA-NA segment for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 was originally reported as $11,303 and $11,275, respectively, and has been revised to $11,218 and $11,209, respectively, to reflect the change in methodology.

 

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    Gross passenger opportunity (“GPO”). We define GPO as the aggregate number of passengers who board commercial aircraft on which Gogo service has been available during the period presented. When available directly from our airline partners, we aggregate actual passenger counts across flights on Gogo-equipped aircraft. When not available directly from our airline partners, we estimate GPO. Estimated GPO is calculated by first estimating the number of flights occurring on each Gogo-equipped aircraft, then multiplying by the number of seats on that aircraft, and finally multiplying by a seat factor that is determined from historical information provided to us in arrears by our airline partners. The estimated number of flights is derived from real-time flight information provided to our front-end systems by Air Radio Inc. (ARINC), direct airline feeds and supplementary third-party data sources. These aircraft-level estimates are then aggregated with actual airline-provided passenger counts to obtain total GPO.

 

    Total average revenue per session (“ARPS”). We define ARPS as revenue from Passenger Connectivity, excluding non-session related revenue, divided by the total number of sessions during the period. A session, or a “use” of Passenger Connectivity, is defined as the use by a unique passenger of Passenger Connectivity on a flight segment. Multiple logins or purchases under the same user name during one flight segment count as only one session.

 

    Connectivity take rate. We define connectivity take rate as the number of sessions during the period expressed as a percentage of GPO. Included in our connectivity take-rate calculation are sessions for which we did not receive revenue, including those provided pursuant to free promotional campaigns and, to a lesser extent, as a result of complimentary passes distributed by our customer service representatives for unforeseen technical issues. For the periods listed above, the number of sessions for which we did not receive revenue was not material.

 

Business Aviation

 
     For the Three Months      For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,      Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015      2016      2015  

Aircraft online (at period end)

           

Satellite

     5,473         5,430         5,473         5,430   

ATG

     3,974         3,314         3,974         3,314   

Average monthly service revenue per aircraft online

           

Satellite

   $ 211       $ 184       $ 217       $ 177   

ATG

     2,535         2,331         2,521         2,246   

Units Sold

           

Satellite

     126         123         367         421   

ATG

     165         224         558         685   

Average equipment revenue per unit sold (in thousands)

           

Satellite

   $ 45       $ 44       $ 44       $ 41   

ATG

     54         54         57         54   

 

    Satellite aircraft online. We define satellite aircraft online as the total number of business aircraft for which we provide satellite services as of the last day of each period presented.

 

    ATG aircraft online. We define ATG aircraft online as the total number of business aircraft for which we provide ATG services as of the last day of each period presented.

 

    Average monthly service revenue per satellite aircraft online. We define average monthly service revenue per satellite aircraft online as the aggregate satellite service revenue for the period divided by the number of months in the period, divided by the number of satellite aircraft online during the period (expressed as an average of the month end figures for each month in such period).

 

    Average monthly service revenue per ATG aircraft online. We define average monthly service revenue per ATG aircraft online as the aggregate ATG service revenue for the period divided by the number of months in the period, divided by the number of ATG aircraft online during the period (expressed as an average of the month end figures for each month in such period).

 

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    Units sold. We define units sold as the number of satellite or ATG units for which we recognized revenue during the period. The total number of ATG units shipped was 190 and 595, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 as compared with 224 and 685, respectively, for the prior year periods. Due to the commencement of a new sales program and resulting orders, we deferred the recognition of 25 and 37, respectively, ATG units shipped during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as not all revenue recognition criteria were met. We had no such deferrals on our ATG unit shipments in 2015, or in any period on satellite equipment shipments.

 

    Average equipment revenue per satellite unit sold. We define average equipment revenue per satellite unit sold as the aggregate equipment revenue earned from all satellite shipments during the period, divided by the number of satellite units sold.

 

    Average equipment revenue per ATG unit sold. We define average equipment revenue per ATG unit sold as the aggregate equipment revenue from all ATG shipments during the period, divided by the number of ATG units sold.

Key Components of Consolidated Statements of Operations

There have been no material changes to our key components of unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and segment profit (loss) as described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2015 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any obligations that meet the definition of an off-balance sheet arrangement, other than operating leases, which have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our results of operations. See Note 10, “Leases” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures require us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related exposures. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In some instances, we could reasonably use different accounting estimates, and in some instances results could differ significantly from our estimates. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with long-lived assets, indefinite-lived assets and stock-based compensation have the greatest potential impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (“MD&A”) in our 2015 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

 

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, certain data from our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The information contained in the table below should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Data

(in thousands)

 

     For the Three Months      For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,      Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015      2016      2015  

Revenue:

           

Service revenue

   $ 129,099       $ 107,243       $ 375,406       $ 304,044   

Equipment revenue

     18,168         19,164         61,146         59,065   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue

     147,267         126,407         436,552         363,109   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

           

Cost of service revenue (exclusive of items shown below)

     56,365         46,470         164,615         138,030   

Cost of equipment revenue (exclusive of items shown below)

     10,527         9,813         36,752         29,605   

Engineering, design and development

     25,835         23,375         72,201         60,807   

Sales and marketing

     14,874         14,601         46,366         39,678   

General and administrative

     21,661         21,487         65,038         63,096   

Depreciation and amortization

     26,779         22,224         76,042         61,814   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     156,041         137,970         461,014         393,030   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating loss

     (8,774      (11,563      (24,462      (29,921
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other (income) expense:

           

Interest income

     (852      (49      (1,064      (65

Interest expense

     24,848         16,734         58,701         42,630   

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     —           —           15,406         —     

Adjustment of deferred financing costs

     —           —           (792      —     

Other (income) expense

     34         377         (137      287   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other expense

     24,030         17,062         72,114         42,852   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

     (32,804      (28,625      (96,576      (72,773

Income tax provision

     469         245         997         961   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (33,273    $ (28,870    $ (97,573    $ (73,734
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

Revenue:

Revenue by segment and percent change for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands, except for percent change):

 

     For the Three Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

Service Revenue:

        

CA-NA

   $ 88,534       $ 77,673         14.0

BA

     33,330         25,955         28.4

CA-ROW

     7,235         3,615         100.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Service Revenue

   $ 129,099       $ 107,243         20.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equipment Revenue:

        

CA-NA

   $ 2,191       $ 900         143.4

BA

     15,617         18,263         (14.5 %) 

CA-ROW

     360         1         n/a   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Equipment Revenue

   $ 18,168       $ 19,164         (5.2 %) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Revenue:

        

CA-NA

   $ 90,725       $ 78,573         15.5

BA

     48,947         44,218         10.7

CA-ROW

     7,595         3,616         110.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Revenue

   $ 147,267       $ 126,407         16.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     For the Nine Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

Service Revenue:

        

CA-NA

   $ 261,751       $ 225,180         16.2

BA

     96,442         71,536         34.8

CA-ROW

     17,213         7,328         134.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Service Revenue

   $ 375,406       $ 304,044         23.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equipment Revenue:

        

CA-NA

   $ 8,708       $ 1,518         473.6

BA

     51,707         57,546         (10.1 %) 

CA-ROW

     731         1         n/a   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Equipment Revenue

   $ 61,146       $ 59,065         3.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Revenue:

        

CA-NA

   $ 270,459       $ 226,698         19.3

BA

     148,149         129,082         14.8

CA-ROW

     17,944         7,329         144.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Revenue

   $ 436,552       $ 363,109         20.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commercial Aviation North America:

CA-NA revenue increased to $90.7 million and $270.5 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $78.6 million and $226.7 million, respectively, for the prior year periods, primarily due to an increase in service revenue driven by increased Passenger Connectivity revenue. The increase in CA-NA Passenger Connectivity revenue for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to an increase in the number of aircraft online and an increase in connectivity take rate, offset in part by a decrease in ARPS. GPO increased to 99.7 million and 290.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with 95.6 million and 259.7 million, respectively,

 

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for the prior year periods, driven by an increase in aircraft online. The connectivity take rate increased to 6.5% and 6.4%, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with 5.6% and 6.2%, respectively, for the prior year periods, reflecting increased passenger adoption including the impact of third party-paid promotions. Passenger Connectivity sessions totaled 7.0 million and 19.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with 5.3 million and 16.0 million, respectively, for the prior year periods. ARPS decreased to $11.46 and $12.43, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $13.00 and $12.49, respectively, for the prior year periods, due to shifts in product mix and third party-paid promotions. ARPA decreased 0.7% to $11,145 for the three month period ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $11,218 for the prior year period, while ARPA increased 0.4% to $11,256 for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 as compared with $11,209 for the prior year period. ARPA increased an estimated 8% and 11%, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with the prior year periods, excluding aircraft added since the beginning of 2015, which primarily include regional jets and aircraft operated by new airline partners.

A summary of the components of CA-NA’s service revenue for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands, except for percent change):

 

     For the Three Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

Passenger Connectivity revenue (1)

   $ 84,323       $ 74,493         13.2

Passenger Entertainment and CAS revenue

     4,211         3,180         32.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total service revenue

   $   88,534       $   77,673         14.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     For the Nine Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

Passenger Connectivity revenue (1)

   $ 250,060       $ 214,421         16.6

Passenger Entertainment and CAS revenue

     11,691         10,759         8.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total service revenue

   $ 261,751       $ 225,180         16.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes non-session related revenue of $4.0 million and $11.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $5.0 million and $13.8 million, respectively, for the prior year periods.

CA-NA Passenger Connectivity revenue increased to $84.3 million and $250.1 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 as compared with $74.5 million and $214.4 million, respectively, for the prior year periods due to increases in passenger-paid, third party-paid and airline-paid revenue. Passenger-paid revenue increased due to increases in both individual sessions and subscriptions. Third party-paid revenue increased primarily due to increases in roaming and enterprise revenue. Our airline-paid revenue increased due to new agreements with certain airline partners under which the airlines pay us for specified data usage, including data used by passengers and by airline crew members using connectivity services while in flight.

The increase in Passenger Entertainment and CAS revenue to $4.2 million and $11.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 as compared with $3.2 million and $10.8 million, respectively, for the prior year periods was driven primarily by increased usage of Passenger Entertainment services under our business-to-business arrangement with one of our airline partners.

CA-NA revenue also increased due to an increase in equipment revenue to $2.2 million and $8.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $0.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in the prior year periods, due primarily to the signing of contracts with new airline partners under which the equipment transactions qualify for sales treatment.

Business Aviation:

BA revenue increased to $48.9 million and $148.1 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $44.2 million and $129.1 million, respectively, for the prior year periods due to an increase in service revenue offset in part by a decrease in equipment revenue.

 

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BA service revenue increased to $33.3 million and $96.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $26.0 million and $71.5 million, respectively, for the prior year periods primarily due to more customers subscribing to our Gogo Biz (ATG) service. The number of ATG aircraft online increased 19.9% to 3,974 as of September 30, 2016 as compared with 3,314 as of September 30, 2015.

BA equipment revenue decreased to $15.6 million and $51.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $18.3 million and $57.5 million, respectively, for the prior year periods due to decreases in both ATG and satellite equipment revenue consistent with trends in the overall business aviation market. Additionally, we deferred approximately $2.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of revenue from equipment shipped during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 due to the commencement of a new sales program for GogoBiz 4G and resulting equipment orders. We will recognize this revenue when the GogoBiz 4G equipment is shipped.

Commercial Aviation Rest of World:

We generated $7.2 million and $17.2 million, respectively, of service revenue for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $3.6 million and $7.3 million, respectively, for the prior year periods due to more aircraft online. ARPA for the CA-ROW segment increased to $14,536 and $12,818, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $11,945 and $9,780, respectively, for the prior year periods due to increased airline-paid passenger usage.

Cost of Service Revenue:

Cost of service revenue by segment and percent change for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands, except for percent change):

 

     For the Three Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

CA-NA

   $ 36,696       $ 30,817         19.1

BA

     8,374         6,518         28.5

CA-ROW

     11,295         9,135         23.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $   56,365       $   46,470         21.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     For the Nine Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

CA-NA

   $ 107,067       $ 93,902         14.0

BA

     25,691         18,563         38.4

CA-ROW

     31,857         25,565         24.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 164,615       $ 138,030         19.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

CA-NA cost of service revenue increased to $36.7 million and $107.1 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $30.8 million and $93.9 million, respectively, for the prior year periods, due to increases in revenue share earned by our airline partners, network operations expenses (including satellite service fees) and aircraft operations expenses. The revenue share increase of $2.6 million and $7.3 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, over the prior year periods was primarily driven by the increase in CA-NA service revenue for the current year period. These increases were partially offset by an increase in the amortization of our deferred airborne lease incentives and the recognition of monthly service fees paid to us by certain of our airline partners, both of which reduce our cost of services. See Note 10, “Leases,” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our deferred airborne lease incentives. Revenue share as a percentage of service revenue decreased due to new airline contracts and amendments entered into during 2015 that provide for lower revenue share percentages compared to certain pre-existing contracts.

BA cost of service revenue increased to $8.4 million and $25.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $6.5 million and $18.6 million, respectively, for the

 

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prior year periods. The increase was primarily due to increased ATG units online and an increase in the average network utilization per ATG unit online which resulted in higher ATG network service costs and, to a lesser extent, an increase in satellite service fees.

CA-ROW cost of service revenue increased to $11.3 million and $31.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $9.1 million and $25.6 million, respectively, for the prior year periods, primarily due to increases in network operations expenses (including satellite service fees), aircraft operations expenses, revenue share expense and billing and transaction related expenses as the business continued to grow. These increases were partially offset by the recognition of monthly service fees paid to us by certain of our airline partners and the amortization of our deferred airborne lease incentives, both of which reduce our cost of service. See Note 10, “Leases” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our deferred airborne lease incentives.

We expect cost of service revenue for CA-NA to increase in future periods due to increases in revenue share and transaction expenses as our service revenue continues to increase. We believe that our network related expenses will increase to support the projected increased use and expansion of our network, which will include additional satellite coverage to support and/or supplement service in certain geographical areas. Additionally, we expect our maintenance costs to increase in future periods. Over time, we expect total cost of service revenue in CA-NA to decline as a percentage of total service revenue as we realize efficiencies inherent in the scalability of our business.

As we expand our business internationally, we also expect to incur additional cost of service revenue in CA-ROW, reflecting increased satellite usage and additional revenue share, billing, transaction and network related expenses.

Cost of Equipment Revenue:

Cost of equipment revenue by segment and percent change for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands, except for percent change):

 

     For the Three Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

CA-NA

   $ 1,526       $ 593         157.3

BA

     8,820         9,220         (4.3 %) 

CA-ROW

     181         —           n/a   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 10,527       $   9,813         7.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     For the Nine Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

CA-NA

   $ 8,335       $ 1,395         497.5

BA

     27,986         28,210         (0.8 %) 

CA-ROW

     431         —           n/a   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 36,752       $ 29,605         24.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cost of equipment revenue increased to $10.5 million and $36.8 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively, as compared with $9.8 million and $29.6 million, for the prior year periods. The increase occurred primarily within the CA-NA segment due to the signing of equipment sales contracts with new airline partners under which the equipment transactions qualify for sales treatment. We expect that our cost of equipment revenue will vary with changes in equipment revenue.

Engineering, Design and Development Expenses:

Engineering, design and development expenses increased 10.5% and 18.7%, respectively, to $25.8 million and $72.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $23.4 million and $60.8 million, respectively, for the prior year periods due primarily to increases in the CA-NA and CA-ROW segments resulting from higher personnel expense (which includes bonus and stock-based compensation expense) and outside services in connection with the development of next generation products and technologies and STCs.

 

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We expect engineering, design and development expenses to increase in future periods as we continue to execute our technology roadmap, expand internationally and continue to develop next generation products and technologies. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2017 we expect to recognize approximately $9.0 million of expenses related to the completion of the first phase of development of our 2.4GHz solution.

Sales and Marketing Expenses:

Sales and marketing expenses increased 1.9% and 16.9%, respectively, to $14.9 million and $46.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $14.6 million and $39.7 million, respectively, for the prior year periods. The increase for the three month period ended September 30, 2016 was due to increases in the BA and CA-ROW segments, offset in part by a decrease in the CA-NA segment. The increase for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 was due to increases in all three segments due to an increase in personnel expense (which includes bonus and stock-based compensation expense) to support the growth of the business and marketing related activities. Consolidated sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of total consolidated revenue decreased to 10.1% and 10.6%, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with 11.6% and 10.9%, respectively, for the prior year periods.

We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in future periods as we expand our international marketing initiatives, commence service on aircraft operated by new and existing airline partners both in CA-NA and CA-ROW, increase advertising and promotional initiatives for new product offerings and expand programs to retain and support our existing users. In addition, the commission component of sales and marketing expenses at BA will fluctuate with equipment revenue. We expect consolidated sales and marketing expenses to decrease as a percentage of consolidated revenue over time.

General and Administrative Expenses:

General and administrative expenses increased 0.8% and 3.1%, respectively, to $21.7 million and $65.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $21.5 million and $63.1 million, respectively, for the prior year periods. The increase for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 was due to increases in the BA and CA-NA segments, while the CA-ROW segment remained relatively flat. Consolidated general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total consolidated revenue decreased to 14.7% and 14.9%, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with 17.0% and 17.4%, respectively, for the prior year periods.

The increase in the BA segment’s general and administrative expenses for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 over the prior year period was due primarily to an increase in personnel related expense (which includes bonuses and stock-based compensation expense) to manage the growth of the business and an increase in facility related expenses.

The increase in the CA-NA segment’s general and administrative expenses for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 over the prior year period was due primarily to an increase in legal expenses and increased personnel related expense (which includes bonus and stock-based compensation expense) offset in part by a decrease in rent expense, as we had overlapping leases in the prior year period.

We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in future periods as we expand our workforce to support the growth of our business both domestically and internationally. However, we expect general and administrative expenses to decrease as a percentage of consolidated revenue.

Segment Profit (Loss):

CA-NA’s segment profit increased 22.7% and 43.7%, respectively, to $14.5 million and $47.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $11.8 million and $32.7 million, respectively, for the prior year periods. The increase in CA-NA’s segment profit for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 was due to increases in service and equipment revenue partially offset by increases in operating expenses, as discussed above.

BA’s segment profit increased 13.7% and 14.1%, respectively, to $20.7 million and $59.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $18.2 million and $52.5 million, respectively, for the prior year periods. The increase in BA’s segment profit for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 was due to increases in service revenue, partially offset by increases in operating expenses and a decrease in equipment revenue, as discussed above.

 

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CA-ROW’s segment loss remained flat for the three month period ended September 30, 2016 as compared with the prior year period, while segment loss increased 12.0% to $62.9 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $56.2 million for the prior year period. The increase in CA-ROW’s segment loss for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 was due to an increase in operating expenses, offset in part by an increase in service and equipment revenue, as discussed above.

Depreciation and Amortization:

Depreciation and amortization expense increased 20.5% and 23.0%, respectively, to $26.8 million and $76.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared with $22.2 million and $61.8 million, respectively, for the prior year periods, due to the increase in the number of aircraft outfitted with our airborne equipment by our CA-ROW and CA-NA segments, as well as leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures associated with our new office facilities.

We expect our depreciation and amortization expense to increase in future periods as we install our equipment on additional aircraft, install more expensive satellite-based equipment on aircraft and further expand our ground and satellite networks.

Other (Income) Expense:

Other (income) expense and percent change for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands, except for percent change):

 

     For the Three Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

Interest income

   $ (852    $ (49      1,638.8

Interest expense

     24,848         16,734         48.5

Other expense

     34         377         (91.0 %) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 24,030       $ 17,062         40.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     For the Nine Months      % Change  
     Ended September 30,      2016 over  
     2016      2015      2015  

Interest income

   $ (1,064    $ (65      1,536.9

Interest expense

     58,701         42,630         37.7

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     15,406         —           n/a   

Adjustment to deferred financing costs

     (792      —           n/a   

Other (income) expense

     (137      287         n/a   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 72,114       $ 42,852         68.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other expense was $24.0 million and $72.1 million, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, as compared to $17.1 million and $42.9 million, respectively, for the prior year periods. The increase in interest expense was due to higher average debt levels outstanding and higher average interest rates incurred during the current year as compared with the prior year. The increase in interest expense during the three month period ended September 30, 2016 resulted from the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes (as defined below) in June 2016. The increase in interest expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the prior year period, was due to the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes in June 2016 as well as the issuance of the Convertible Notes (as defined below) in March 2015. Interest expense also increased due to accretion expense and amortization of deferred financing costs associated with the Senior Secured Notes and Convertible Notes. These increases in interest expense were partially offset by less interest expense associated with the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility as a result of it being repaid in full in June 2016. Additionally, other expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 included the loss on extinguishment of debt of $15.4 million associated with the repayment of all outstanding amounts under the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility, while we had no such activity in the prior year. These increases were slightly offset by an increase in interest income due to higher average cash balances in 2016 as compared with 2015. See Note 8, “Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities,” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information. See Note 9, “Interest Costs,” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our interest expense.

 

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We expect our interest expense to increase in 2016 as compared with 2015 due to higher average debt outstanding and higher average interest rates in 2016 as compared to 2015 as a result of the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes in June 2016 and Convertible Notes in March 2015. Interest expense will also increase due to the amortization of deferred financing fees associated with the Senior Secured Notes and a full year of accretion expense and amortization of deferred financing fees associated with the Convertible Notes. These increases will be partially offset by the extinguishment of the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility in June 2016. See Note 8, “Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities,” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Income Taxes:

The effective income tax rate for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 was (1.4%) and (1.0%), respectively, as compared with (0.9%) and (1.3%), respectively, for the prior year periods. Income tax expense recorded in each period was similar, with differences in pre-tax income causing the change in the effective tax rate. The difference between our effective tax rates and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was primarily due to the recording of a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.

We expect our income tax provision to increase in future periods to the extent we become profitable.

Non-GAAP Measures

In our discussion below, we discuss certain non-GAAP financial measurements, including Adjusted EBITDA and Cash CAPEX as defined below. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA and Cash CAPEX for business planning purposes, including managing our business against internally projected results of operations and measuring our performance and liquidity. These supplemental performance measures also provide another basis for comparing period to period results by excluding potential differences caused by non-operational and unusual or non-recurring items. These supplemental performance measurements may vary from and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA and Cash CAPEX are not recognized measurements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, and when analyzing our performance with Adjusted EBITDA or liquidity with Cash CAPEX, as applicable, investors should (i) evaluate each adjustment in our reconciliation to net loss attributable to common stock, and the explanatory footnotes regarding those adjustments, (ii) use Adjusted EBITDA in addition to, and not as an alternative to, net loss attributable to common stock as a measure of operating results, and (iii) use Cash CAPEX in addition to, and not as an alternative to, consolidated capital expenditures when evaluating our liquidity.

Definition and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

EBITDA represents net income (loss) attributable to common stock before income taxes, interest income, interest expense, depreciation expense and amortization of other intangible assets.

Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA adjusted for (i) stock-based compensation expense, (ii) amortization of deferred airborne lease incentives (iii) loss on extinguishment of debt and (iv) adjustment to deferred financing costs. Our management believes that the use of Adjusted EBITDA eliminates items that, management believes, have less bearing on our operating performance, thereby highlighting trends in our core business which may not otherwise be apparent. It also provides an assessment of controllable expenses, which are indicators management uses to determine whether current spending decisions need to be adjusted in order to meet financial goals and achieve optimal financial performance.

We believe the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense from Adjusted EBITDA is appropriate given the significant variation in expense that can result from using the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of such compensation. The fair value of our stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes model and varies based on fluctuations in the assumptions used in this model, including inputs that are not necessarily directly related to the performance of our business, such as the expected volatility, the risk-free interest rate and the expected life of the options. Therefore, we believe the exclusion of this cost provides a clearer view of the operating performance of our business. Further, stock option grants made at a certain price and point in time do not necessarily reflect how our business is performing at any particular time. While we believe that investors should have information about any dilutive effect of outstanding options and the cost of that compensation, we also believe that stockholders should have the ability to consider our performance using a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes these costs and that management uses to evaluate our business.

 

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We believe the exclusion of the amortization of deferred airborne lease incentives from Adjusted EBITDA is useful as it allows an investor to view operating performance across time periods in a manner consistent with how management measures segment profit and loss (see Note 14, “Business Segments and Major Customers,” for a description of segment profit (loss) in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements). Management evaluates segment profit and loss in this manner, excluding the amortization of deferred airborne lease incentives, because such presentation reflects operating decisions and activities from the current period, without regard to the prior period decision or the form of connectivity agreements. See “—Key Components of Consolidated Statements of Operations—Cost of Service Revenue—Commercial Aviation North America and Rest of World” in our 2015 10-K for a discussion of the accounting treatment of deferred airborne lease incentives.

We believe it is useful to an understanding of our operating performance to exclude the loss on extinguishment of debt and adjustment to deferred financing costs from Adjusted EBITDA because of the non-recurring nature of these charges.

We also present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental performance measure because we believe that this measure provides investors, securities analysts and other users of our financial statements with important supplemental information with which to evaluate our performance and to enable them to assess our performance on the same basis as management.

Cash CAPEX represents capital expenditures net of airborne equipment proceeds received from the airlines and incentives paid to us by landlords under certain facilities leases. We believe Cash CAPEX provides a more representative indication of our liquidity requirements with respect to capital expenditures, as under certain agreements with our airline partners we are reimbursed for all or a substantial portion of the cost of our airborne equipment, thereby reducing our cash capital requirements.

Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

 

     For the Three Months      For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,      Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015      2016      2015  

Adjusted EBITDA:

           

Net loss attributable to common stock (GAAP)

   $ (33,273    $ (28,870    $ (97,573    $ (73,734

Interest expense

     24,848         16,734         58,701         42,630   

Interest income

     (852      (49      (1,064      (65

Income tax provision

     469         245         997         961   

Depreciation and amortization

     26,779         22,224         76,042         61,814   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

EBITDA

     17,971         10,284         37,103         31,606   

Stock-based compensation expense

     5,000         4,544         12,986         10,843   

Amortization of deferred airborne lease incentives

     (7,765      (5,143      (20,650      (13,740

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     —           —           15,406         —     

Adjustment of deferred financing costs

     —           —           (792      —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

   $ 15,206       $ 9,685       $ 44,053       $ 28,709   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash CAPEX:

           

Consolidated capital expenditures (GAAP) (1)

   $ (43,653    $ (23,538    $ (128,694    $ (117,783

Change in deferred airborne lease incentives (2)

     330         6,614         8,674         22,632   

Amortization of deferred airborne lease incentives (2)

     7,697         5,078         20,458         13,569   

Landlord incentives

     —           59         —           14,963   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash CAPEX

   $ (35,626    $ (11,787    $ (99,562    $ (66,619
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) See unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
(2) Excludes deferred airborne lease incentives and related amortization associated with STCs for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 as STC costs are expensed as incurred as part of Engineering, Design and Development.

Material limitations of Non-GAAP measures

Although EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Cash CAPEX are measurements frequently used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Cash CAPEX each have limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for, or more meaningful than, amounts determined in accordance with GAAP.

 

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Some of these limitations include:

 

    EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect interest income or expense;

 

    EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect cash requirements for our income taxes;

 

    EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect depreciation and amortization, which are significant and unavoidable operating costs given the level of capital expenditures needed to maintain our business;

 

    Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect non-cash components of employee compensation;

 

    Cash CAPEX does not reflect the full extent of capital investments we have made in our operations; and

 

    since other companies in our or related industries may calculate these measures differently from the way we do, their usefulness as comparative measures may be limited.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents a summary of our cash flow activity for the periods set forth below (in thousands):

 

     For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 45,148       $ 87,337   

Net cash used in investing activities

     (247,708      (267,423

Net cash provided by financing activities

     202,426         206,500   

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash

     (378      570   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (512      26,984   

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period

     147,342         131,295   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period

   $ 146,830       $ 158,279   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Revisions - As discussed in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” during the three months ended September 30, 2016, we determined that it was necessary to revise the presentation of our investments in U.S. Treasury bills as short-term investments, rather than as cash and cash equivalents, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As such, changes in our short-term investments are included in cash flows from investing activities in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Below are the line items from our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 illustrating the effect of these immaterial revisions (in thousands):

 

     As Reported      Revisions      As Revised  

Current assets:

        

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 366,833       $ (219,491    $ 147,342   

Short-term investments

     —           219,491         219,491   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

     366,833         —           366,833   

Accounts receivable, net of allowances

     69,317         —           69,317   

Inventories

     20,937         —           20,937   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     10,920         —           10,920   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

   $ 468,007       $ —         $ 468,007   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Below are the line items from our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine month period ended September 30, 2015 illustrating the effect of these immaterial revisions (in thousands):

 

     As Reported      Revisions      As Revised  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 87,337       $ —         $ 87,337   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Investing activities:

        

Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

     75         —           75   

Purchases of property and equipment

     (105,105      —           (105,105

Acquisition of intangible assets – capitalized software

     (12,678      —           (12,678

Purchases of short-term investments

     —           (249,688      (249,688

Redemptions of short-term investments

     —           99,953         99,953   

Decrease in restricted cash

     20         —           20   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (117,688      (149,735      (267,423
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     206,500         —           206,500   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

     570         —           570   

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     176,719         (149,735      26,984   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     211,236         (79,941      131,295   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 387,955       $ (229,676    $ 158,279   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

We have historically financed our growth and cash needs primarily through the issuance of common stock, non-convertible debt, senior convertible preferred stock, convertible debt, term facilities and cash from operating activities. We continually evaluate our ongoing capital needs in light of increasing demand for our services, capacity requirements, evolving technologies in our industry and related strategic, operational and technological opportunities. We actively consider opportunities to raise additional capital in the public and private markets utilizing one or more of the types of capital raising transactions through which we have historically financed our growth and cash needs, as well as other means of capital raising not previously used by us.

Senior Secured Notes:

On June 14, 2016 (the “Issue Date”), Gogo Intermediate Holdings LLC (“GIH”) and Gogo Finance Co. Inc. (the “Co-Issuer” and, together with GIH, the “Issuers”), issued $525 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Secured Notes due 2022 (the “Senior Secured Notes”) under an Indenture, dated as of June 14, 2016 (the “Indenture”), among the Issuers, we, as guarantor, certain subsidiaries of GIH, as guarantors (the “Subsidiary Guarantors” and, together with us, the “Guarantors”), and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”) and as collateral agent (in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”). On September 30, 2016 the outstanding principal balance of the Senior Secured Notes was $525.0 million.

Interest on the Senior Secured Notes will accrue at the rate of 12.500% per annum and will be payable semi-annually in arrears on July 1 and January 1, commencing on January 1, 2017. The Senior Secured Notes mature on July 1, 2022.

We used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes to repay all indebtedness outstanding under the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility, which we prepaid at par plus 3.0% of the principal amount of the loans prepaid (see below for additional details). We intend to use the remaining net proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including potential costs associated with the launch and commercial rollout of our next-generation technology solutions.

We paid approximately $11.4 million of loan origination fees and financing costs related to the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes, which has been accounted for as deferred financing costs. The deferred financing costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet are being amortized over the contractual term of the Senior Secured Notes using the effective interest method. Total amortization expense was $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively. As of September 30, 2016, the balance of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Senior Secured Notes was $10.9 million and is included as a reduction to long-term debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. See Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information.

 

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The Senior Secured Notes are the senior secured indebtedness of the Issuers and are:

 

    effectively senior to all of the Issuers’ existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and the Issuers’ indebtedness secured on a junior priority basis by the same collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes, if any, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes;

 

    effectively senior in right of payment to all of the Issuers’ future indebtedness that is subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Secured Notes;

 

    effectively equal in right of payment with the Issuers’ existing and future (i) unsecured indebtedness that is not subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Secured Notes and (ii) indebtedness secured on a junior priority basis by the same collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes, if any, in each case to the extent of any insufficiency in the collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes;

 

    structurally senior to all of our existing and future indebtedness, including our Convertible Notes; and

 

    structurally subordinated to all of the indebtedness and other liabilities of any non-Guarantors (other than the Issuers).

The Senior Secured Notes are guaranteed, on a senior secured basis, by us and all of GIH’s existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries (other than the Co-Issuer), subject to certain exceptions. The Issuers’ obligations under the Senior Secured Notes are not guaranteed by Gogo International Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of ours that holds no material assets other than equity interests of our foreign subsidiaries. Each guarantee is a senior secured obligation of such Guarantor and is:

 

    effectively senior to all of such Guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and such Guarantor’s indebtedness secured on a junior priority basis by the same collateral, if any, securing the guarantee of such Guarantor, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such guarantee;

 

    effectively senior in right of payment to all of such Guarantor’s future indebtedness that is subordinated in right of payment to such Guarantor’s guarantee;

 

    effectively equal in right of payment with all of such Guarantor’s existing and future (i) unsecured indebtedness that is not subordinated in right of payment to such Guarantor’s guarantee, and (ii) indebtedness secured on a junior priority basis by the same collateral, if any, securing the guarantee of the Guarantor, in each case to the extent of any insufficiency in the collateral securing such guarantee; and

 

    structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of any non-Guarantor subsidiary of such Guarantor (excluding, in the case of our guarantee, the Issuers).

The Senior Secured Notes and the related guarantees are secured by first-priority liens, subject to permitted liens, on substantially all of the Issuers’ and the Guarantors’ assets, except for certain excluded assets, including pledged equity interests of the Issuers and all of our existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries guaranteeing the Senior Secured Notes.

The security interests in certain collateral may be released without the consent of holders of the Senior Secured Notes if such collateral is disposed of in a transaction that complies with the Indenture and related security agreements. In addition, under certain circumstances, we and the Guarantors have the right to transfer certain intellectual property assets that on the Issue Date constitute collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes or the guarantees to a restricted subsidiary organized under the laws of Switzerland, resulting in the release of such collateral without the consent of holders of the Senior Secured Notes.

On or after July 1, 2019, the Issuers may, at their option, at any time or from time to time, redeem any of the Senior Secured Notes in whole or in part. The Senior Secured Notes will be redeemable at the following redemption prices (expressed in percentages of principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant regular record date that are on or prior to the redemption date to receive interest due on an interest payment date), if redeemed during the twelve-month period commencing on July 1 of the following years:

 

     Redemption  
Year    Price  

2019

     106.250

2020

     103.125

2021 and thereafter

     100.000

 

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In addition, at any time prior to July 1, 2019, the Issuers may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 112.500% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the date of redemption; provided, however, that Senior Secured Notes representing at least 65% of the principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding immediately after each such redemption.

The Issuers may redeem the Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to July 1, 2019, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes redeemed plus the make-whole premium set forth in the Indenture as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the applicable redemption date.

The Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Issuers and the Subsidiary Guarantors and, in certain circumstances, our ability, to: incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions; make investments; create restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends to the Issuers or make other intercompany transfers; create liens; transfer or sell assets; merge or consolidate; and enter into certain transactions with the Issuers’ affiliates, including us. Most of these covenants will cease to apply if, and for as long as, the Senior Secured Notes have investment grade ratings from both Moody’s Investment Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s.

If we or the Issuers undergo specific types of change of control prior to July 1, 2022, GIH is required to make an offer to repurchase for cash all of the Senior Secured Notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the payment date.

The Indenture provides for events of default, which, if any of them occur, would permit or require the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all the then outstanding Senior Secured Notes issued under the Indenture to be due and payable immediately. As of September 30, 2016, no event of default had occurred.

Convertible Notes:

On March 3, 2015, we issued $340.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (the “Convertible Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers, pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. We granted an option to the initial purchasers to purchase up to an additional $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes to cover over-allotments, of which $21.9 million was subsequently exercised during March 2015, resulting in a total issuance of $361.9 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes mature on March 1, 2020, unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of our common stock under certain circumstances described below. Upon maturity, we have the option to settle our obligation through cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. We pay interest on the Convertible Notes semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year. Interest payments began on September 1, 2015.

The $361.9 million of proceeds received from the issuance of the Convertible Notes was initially allocated between long-term debt (the liability component) at $261.9 million, and additional paid-in-capital, (the equity component) at $100.0 million, within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the liability component was measured using rates determined for similar debt instruments without a conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the aggregate face value of the Convertible Notes. If we or the note holders elect not to settle the debt through conversion, we must settle the Convertible Notes at face value. Therefore, the liability component will be accreted up to the face value of the Convertible Notes, which will result in additional non-cash interest expense being recognized within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations through the Convertible Notes maturity date (see Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information). The effective interest rate on the Convertible Notes, including accretion of the notes to par and debt issuance cost amortization, was approximately 11.5%. The equity component will not be remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

 

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As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the outstanding principal on the Convertible Notes was $361.9 million for both periods, the unamortized debt discount was $74.4 million and $87.4 million, respectively, and the net carrying amount of the liability component was $287.5 million and $274.5 million, respectively.

We incurred approximately $10.4 million of issuance costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Notes, of which $7.5 million and $2.9 million were recorded to deferred financing costs and additional paid-in capital, respectively, in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds of the Convertible Notes. The $7.5 million recorded as deferred financing costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet is being amortized over the term of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method. Total amortization expense of the deferred financing costs was $0.4 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively for the comparable prior year periods. Amortization expense is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the balance of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Convertible Notes was $5.4 million and $6.5 million, respectively, and is included as a reduction to long-term debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. See Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information.

The Convertible Notes had an initial conversion rate of 41.9274 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $23.85 per share of our common stock. Upon conversion, we currently expect to deliver cash up to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes then outstanding. With respect to any conversion value in excess of the principal amount, we currently expect to deliver shares of our common stock. We may elect to deliver cash in lieu of all or a portion of such shares. The shares of common stock subject to conversion are excluded from diluted earnings per share calculations under the if-converted method as their impact is anti-dilutive.

Holders may convert the Convertible Notes, at their option, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount at any time prior to December 1, 2019, but only in the following circumstances:

 

    during any fiscal quarter beginning after the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2015, if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the last 30 consecutive trading days of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of the Convertible Notes on each applicable trading day;

 

    during the five business day period following any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price for the Convertible Notes is less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate for the Convertible Notes on each such trading day; or

 

    upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.

None of the above events allowing for conversion prior to December 1, 2019 occurred during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 or 2015. Regardless of whether any of the foregoing circumstances occurs, a holder may convert its Convertible Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at any time on or after December 1, 2019 until maturity.

In addition, if we undergo a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes), holders may, subject to certain conditions, require us to repurchase their Convertible Notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be purchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the maturity date, we will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate event in certain circumstances.

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, we paid approximately $140 million to enter into prepaid forward stock repurchase transactions (the “Forward Transactions”) with certain financial institutions (the “Forward Counterparties”), pursuant to which we purchased approximately 7.2 million shares of common stock for settlement on or around the March 1, 2020 maturity date for the Convertible Notes, subject to the ability of each Forward Counterparty to elect to settle all or a portion of its Forward Transactions early. As a result of the Forward Transactions, total shareholders’ equity within our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet was reduced by approximately $140 million. Approximately 7.2 million shares of common stock that will be effectively repurchased through the Forward Transactions are treated as retired shares for basic and diluted EPS purposes although they remain legally outstanding.

 

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Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility:

On July 30, 2014, GIH, Gogo Business Aviation LLC, f/k/a Aircell Business Aviation Services LLC (“GBA”), and Gogo LLC, as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”), entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement dated as of June 21, 2012 and amended on April 4, 2013 (the “Amended Senior Term Facility”) among the Borrowers, the lenders named therein, and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent. We refer to the Amendment and the Amended Senior Term Facility collectively as the “Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.”

On June 14, 2016 the outstanding principal balance of $287.7 million, together with accrued and unpaid interest, was paid in full, and the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility was terminated in accordance with its terms on such date (subject to the survival of provisions expressly stated therein to survive the termination thereof). Additionally, we paid the voluntary prepayment premium of 3.0% or $8.6 million and wrote off all of the remaining unamortized deferred financing costs of $6.8 million. Both of these items are included in loss on extinguishment of debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2015, $301.5 million was outstanding under the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.

See Note 8, “Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities,” for more information regarding the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.

Letters of Credit:

We maintain several letters of credit totaling $8.0 million and $7.5 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Certain of the letters of credit require us to maintain restricted cash accounts in a similar amount, and are issued for the benefit of the landlords at our existing office locations in Chicago, Illinois; Bensenville, Illinois; Broomfield, Colorado and our former office location in Itasca, Illinois.

Liquidity:

Although we can provide no assurances, we currently believe that cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments on hand as of September 30, 2016 will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months, including installing our ATG-4 and Ku equipment on certain aircraft operated by our airline partners, costs related to international expansion, costs associated with launching and installing our 2Ku technology and costs associated with developing our 2.4GHz next-generation ATG solution. Excluding the impact of the IPO, the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility, the Convertible Notes and the Senior Secured Notes, we have not generated positive cash flows on a consolidated basis, and our ability to do so will depend in large part on our ability to increase revenue in each of our three business segments. In addition, our ability to generate positive cash flows from operating activities and the timing of certain capital and other necessary expenditures are subject to numerous variables, such as costs related to international expansion and execution of our current technology roadmap, including 2Ku, 2.4GHz ATG and other potential future technologies. We currently believe that cash on hand (including short-term investments) and cash flows provided by operating activities and, if necessary, additional equity financings or the incurrence of additional debt will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs in the longer-term, including our continued international expansion and execution of our current technology roadmap. The Indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes contains covenants that limit the ability of GIH and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness. Additionally, the Indenture governing the Senior Secured Notes limits the amount of cash GIH and its subsidiaries may distribute to us, including cash distributed to us to pay interest on the Convertible Notes or to pay any interest on indebtedness incurred, or dividends on preferred stock issued, by us to refinance, replace, renew or refund the Convertible Notes. Further, market conditions may limit our access to additional sources of equity or debt financing. As a result, we may be unable to finance growth of our business to the extent that our cash on hand (including short-term investments) and cash generated through operating activities prove insufficient and we are unable to raise additional financing through the issuance of our equity or through permitted incurrences of debt by us or by GIH and its subsidiaries.

 

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Cash flows provided by (used in) Operating Activities:

The following table presents a summary of our cash flows from operating activities for the periods set forth below (in thousands):

 

     For the Nine Months  
     Ended September 30,  
     2016      2015  

Net loss

   $ (97,573    $ (73,734

Non-cash charges and credits

     121,812         86,840   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

     20,909         74,231   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

   $ 45,148       $ 87,337   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

For the nine month period ended September 30, 2016, cash provided by operating activities was $45.1 million as compared with cash provided by operating activities of $87.3 million for the prior year period. The principal contributors to the change in operating cash flows were:

 

    A $53.3 million change in cash flows related to operating assets and liabilities resulting from:

 

    A decrease in cash flows due to the following:

 

    Changes in CA-NA’s deferred rent due to the increase in deferred rent balances during the first quarter of 2015 resulting from the commencement of new facilities leases during 2014, while deferred rent balances remained relatively consistent during 2016;

 

    Changes in all three segments’ prepaid expenses and other current assets. The change in CA-NA and CA-ROW was due to payments on development services during 2016 while no such activities occurred in 2015 and the timing of payment on satellite services. The change in BA was due to deposit payments made on certain inventory items during the first quarter of 2016, while no such payments were made in 2015, and an increase in deferred cost of equipment associated with the commencement of a new sales program in 2016;

 

    Changes in BA’s inventory due to an increase in equipment purchases during 2016, while inventory balances remained relatively consistent during 2015;

 

    Changes in CA-ROW’s deferred airborne lease incentives due to more installations during 2015 as compared with 2016;

 

    Changes in all three segments’ accrued liabilities primarily due to the timing of payments;

 

    Changes in CA-ROW’s accounts receivable due to the increase in accounts receivable balances as a result of an increase in activities;

 

    Changes in CA-NA’s other non-current assets and liabilities due to an increase in deferred cost of equipment associated with one of our airline partners that did not meet all the criteria for a sale; and

 

    Offset in part by an increase in cash flows due to the following:

 

    An increase in accrued interest expense resulting from the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes;

 

    Changes in CA-NA’s and BA’s AP due primarily to the timing of payments;

 

    Changes in CA-NA’s and BA’s AR due to the timing of collections;

 

    Changes in CA-NA’s deferred airborne lease incentives due to more installations during 2016 as compared with 2015.

 

    Offset in part by a $11.1 million increase in net loss adjusted for non-cash charges and credits.

We anticipate cash flows from changes in operating assets and liabilities to be positively impacted in 2016 by increases in deferred airborne lease incentives, which we estimate will range from $40 million to $50 million for the year ending December 31, 2016.

 

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Cash flows used in Investing Activities:

Cash used in investing activities is primarily for capital expenditures related to airborne equipment, cell site construction, software development, and data center upgrades. See “—Capital Expenditures” below. Additionally, cash used in investing activities includes net changes in our short-term investments of $119.2 million and $149.7 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Cash flows provided by Financing Activities:

Cash provided by financing activities for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 was $202.4 million primarily due to the issuance of $525.0 million of Senior Secured Notes, partially offset by repayment in full of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement totaling $310.1 million (including the early prepayment penalty of approximately $8.6 million), the payment of debt issuance costs for the Senior Secured Notes of $10.6 million and capital lease payments of $1.9 million.

Cash provided by financing activities for the nine month period ended September 30, 2015 was $206.5 million primarily due to proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes of $361.9 million and proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $4.1 million, partially offset by payments associated with the Forward Transactions of $140.0 million, the payment of debt issuance costs for the Convertible Notes of $10.7 million and payments on our debt facilities and capital leases of $8.8 million.

Capital Expenditures

Our operations continue to require significant capital expenditures primarily for technology development, equipment and capacity expansion. Capital expenditures for the CA-NA and CA-ROW segments are associated with the installation and the supply of airborne equipment to our airline partners, which correlates directly to the roll out and/or upgrade of service to our airline partners’ fleets. Capital spending is also associated with the expansion of our ATG network and data centers, including the addition of new cell-sites. Capital expenditures related to data centers are for additional equipment such as servers and IP routers. We capitalize software development costs related to network technology solutions, the Gogo platform and new product/service offerings. We also capitalized costs related to the build out of our new office locations.

Capital expenditures for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $128.7 million and $117.8 million, respectively. The increase in capital expenditures was due to an increase in airborne equipment purchases, network spending and capitalized software, offset in part by the build out of our new office location in Chicago, IL in 2015 as we had no such activities in the current year.

We anticipate that capital spending for the year ending December 31, 2016 will exceed capital spending in 2015 and estimate that capital expenditures for 2016 will range from $150 million to $185 million as we increase the number of airborne equipment installations including 2Ku, continue to execute our international expansion strategy and upgrade certain aircraft operated by our airline partners to ATG-4 and 2Ku. We expect our capital expenditures, net of deferred airborne lease incentives, which we estimate will range from $40 million to $50 million, to range from $110 million to $135 million for the year ending December 31, 2016. We anticipate that capital spending for the year ending December 31, 2017 will range from $220 million to $265 million as we increase the number of airborne equipment installations including 2Ku, continue to execute our international expansion strategy and upgrade certain aircraft operated by our airline partners to 2Ku. We expect our capital expenditures, net of deferred airborne lease incentives, which we estimate will range from $80 million to $100 million, to range from $140 million to $165 million for the year ending December 31, 2017. We anticipate that capital spending for the year ending December 31, 2018 will range from $315 million to $400 million as we increase the number of airborne equipment installations including 2Ku, continue to execute our international expansion strategy and upgrade certain aircraft operated by our airline partners to 2Ku. We expect our capital expenditures, net of deferred airborne lease incentives, which we estimate will range from $145 million to $195 million, to range from $170 million to $205 million for the year ending December 31, 2018. We are evaluating the possibility of accelerating 2Ku installations in 2017 and 2018 which would further increase our capital expenditures. Our expected ranges of capital expenditures for the years ending December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 does not include approximately $50 million of investment required for the 2.4GHz ATG network buildout.

 

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Contractual Commitments:

We have agreements with vendors to provide us with transponder and teleport satellite services. These agreements vary in length and amount and as of September 30, 2016 commit us to purchase transponder and teleport satellite services totaling approximately $11.9 million in 2016 (October 1 through December 31), $51.5 million in 2017, $43.0 million in 2018, $47.6 million in 2019, $60.6 million in 2020 and $343.0 million thereafter.

We have agreements with various vendors under which we have remaining commitments to purchase satellite-based systems, certifications and development services. Such commitments will become payable as we receive the equipment or certifications, or as development services are provided.

Leases and Cell Site Contracts: We have lease agreements relating to certain facilities and equipment, which are considered operating leases. Additionally, we have operating leases with wireless service providers for tower space and base station capacity on a volume usage basis (“cell site leases”), some of which provide for minimum annual payments. See Note 10, “Leases,” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

For the airline agreements where the equipment transactions are accounted for as operating leases of space, the revenue share paid to our airline partners represents operating lease payments. They are deemed to be contingent rental payments, as the payments due to each airline are based on a percentage of our CA-NA and CA-ROW service revenue generated from that airline’s passengers, which is unknown until realized. As such, we cannot estimate the lease payments due to an airline at the commencement of our contract with such airline. This rental expense is included in cost of service revenue and is offset by the amortization of the deferred airborne lease incentive discussed above. See Note 10, “Leases,” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

One contract with one of our airline partners requires us to provide that airline partner with a cash rebate of $1.8 million if our service is available on a specified number of aircraft in such airline partner’s fleet on the preceding December 31, in June of each year from 2015 through 2023. Based upon the number of aircraft in service on December 31, 2015, we were required to and we paid the $1.8 million rebate to this airline partner in June 2016.

Indemnifications and Guarantees: In accordance with Delaware law, we indemnify our officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at our request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under this indemnification is uncertain and may be unlimited, depending upon circumstances. However, our Directors’ and Officers’ insurance does provide coverage for certain of these losses.

In the ordinary course of business we may occasionally enter into agreements pursuant to which we may be obligated to pay for the failure of performance of others, such as the use of corporate credit cards issued to employees. Based on historical experience, we believe that the risk of sustaining any material loss related to such guarantees is remote.

We have entered into a number of agreements, including our agreements with commercial airlines, pursuant to which we indemnify the other party for losses and expenses suffered or incurred in connection with any patent, copyright, or trademark infringement or misappropriation claim asserted by a third party with respect to our equipment or services. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is uncertain and is typically not limited by the terms of the agreements.

 

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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk is currently confined to our cash and cash equivalents and our debt. We have not used derivative financial instruments for speculation or trading purposes. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve our capital for the purpose of funding operations while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. To achieve these objectives, our investment policy allows us to maintain a portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term investments through a variety of securities, including U.S. Treasuries, U.S. Government Agency Securities, and Money Market Funds. Our cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 primarily included amounts in bank checking accounts, U.S. Treasuries, and Money Market Funds. We believe that a change in average interest rates would not adversely affect our interest income and results of operations by a material amount.

The risk inherent in our market risk sensitive instruments and positions is the potential loss arising from interest rates as discussed below. The sensitivity analyses presented do not consider the effects that such adverse changes may have on the overall economic activity, nor do they consider additional actions we may take to mitigate our exposure to such changes. However, actual results may differ.

Interest: Our earnings are affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on interest income generated from our cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 included amounts in bank checking accounts and liquid certificates of deposit. We believe we have minimal interest rate risk; a 10% change in the average interest rate on our portfolio would have reduced interest income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 by immaterial amounts.

Inflation: We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations. However, there can be no assurance that our business will not be affected by inflation in the future.

Seasonality: Our results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of those for any other interim period for the entire year because the demand for air travel, including business travel, is subject to significant seasonal fluctuations. We generally expect overall passenger opportunity to be greater in the second and third quarters compared to the rest of the year due to an increase in leisure travel offset in part by a decrease in business travel during the summer months and holidays. We expect seasonality of the air transportation business to continue, which may affect our results of operations in any one period.

 

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ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2016. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2016.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

On January 29, 2016, Charles Salameno, Maria-Angela Sanzone and John Jensen filed suit against us in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, on behalf of a putative class of national purchasers and a subclass of New York purchasers of our connectivity service, alleging that we violated New York and other consumer protection laws, as well as unjust enrichment, fraud and breach of contract arising from alleged false statements in our marketing materials and alleged data security issues arising from our network design and certain network practices. The suit seeks unspecified damages. We have not accrued any liability because the strength of our defenses and a range of possible loss, if any, cannot be determined at this stage of the litigation. Based on currently available information, we believe that we have strong defenses and intend to defend this lawsuit vigorously, but the outcome of this matter is inherently uncertain and may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. On May 23, 2016, we filed motions to compel arbitration and dismiss the suit, moving in the alternative to transfer venue and/or dismiss the suit for failure to state a claim. The Court held a hearing on June 30, 2016 where we argued the motions to dismiss and on July 7, 2016 the Court issued its opinion granting our motion to compel arbitration. On August 1, 2016, the Plaintiffs filed a motion asking the Court to reconsider its decision to compel arbitration. On September 15, 2016, the Court denied Plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration. On October 14, 2016, Plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. We intend to move to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

In addition to the matters discussed above, from time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We cannot predict with certainty the outcome of any litigation or the potential for future litigation. Regardless of the outcome of any particular litigation and the merits of any particular claim, litigation can have a material adverse impact on our company due to, among other reasons, any injunctive relief granted, which could inhibit our ability to operate our business, amounts paid as damages or in settlement of any such matter, diversion of management resources and defense costs.

 

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

Except as set forth in Item 1A of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 as filed with the SEC on May 6, 2016 and August 4, 2016, respectively, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

  a) Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

 

  b) Use of Proceeds from Public Offering of Common Stock

None.

 

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

 

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

 

ITEM 5. Other Information

a) As discussed in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” during the three months ended September 30, 2016, we determined that it was necessary to revise the presentation of our investments in U.S. Treasury bills as short-term investments, rather than as cash and cash equivalents, in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As such, changes in our short-term investments are included in cash flows from investing activities in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

 

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Below are the line items from our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014 illustrating the effect of these immaterial revisions (in thousands):

 

     As Reported      Revisions      As Revised  

Current assets:

        

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 211,236       $ (79,941    $ 131,295   

Short-term investments

     —           79,941         79,941   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

     211,236         —           211,236   

Accounts receivable, net of allowances

     48,509         —           48,509   

Inventories

     21,913         —           21,913   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     13,236         —           13,236   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

   $ 294,894       $ —         $ 294,894   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Our cash and cash equivalent balances as revised are $113.2 million and $170.2 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2016 and 2015, $129.9 million and $162.3 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2016 and 2015 and $158.3 million as of September 30, 2015. Our short-term investments as revised are $199.5 million and $229.9 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2016 and 2015, $378.7 million and $229.8 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2016 and 2015 and $229.7 million as of September 30, 2015.

Below are the line items from our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows illustrating the effect of these immaterial revisions (in thousands):

 

    Six Months Ended June 30, 2016     Six Months Ended June 30, 2015  
    As reported     Revision     As Revised     As reported     Revision     As Revised  

Net cash provided by operating activities

  $ 24,361      $ —        $ 24,361      $ 65,950      $ —        $ 65,950   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investing activities:

           

Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

    1        —          1        —          —          —     

Purchases of property and equipment

    (71,048     —          (71,048     (85,655     —          (85,655

Acquisition of intangible assets – capitalized software

    (13,993     —          (13,993     (8,590     —          (8,590

Acquisition of short-term investments

    —          (259,068     (259,068     —          (169,866     (169,866

Redemption of short-term investments

    —          99,886        99,886        —          19,996        19,996   

(Increase) decrease in restricted cash

    (14     —          (14     19        —          19   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

    (85,054     (159,182     (244,236     (94,226     (149,870     (244,096
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

    202,694        —          202,694        209,040        —          209,040   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

    (233     —          (233     117        —          117   

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    141,768        (159,182     (17,414     180,881        (149,870     31,011   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

    366,833        (219,491     147,342        211,236        (79,941     131,295   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $ 508,601      $ (378,673   $ 129,928      $ 392,117      $ (229,811   $ 162,306   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    Three Months Ended March 31,
2016
    Three Months Ended March 31,
2015
 
    As reported     Revision     As Revised     As reported     Revision     As Revised  

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

  $ (2,408   $ —        $ (2,408   $ 33,606      $ —        $ 33,606   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investing activities:

           

Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

    1        —          1        —          —          —     

Purchases of property and equipment

    (31,015     —          (31,015     (52,610     —          (52,610

Acquisition of intangible assets – capitalized software

    (6,411     —          (6,411     (4,253     —          (4,253

Acquisition of short-term investments

    —          —          —          —          (149,910     (149,910

Redemption of short-term investments

    —          19,985        19,985        —          —          —     

(Increase) decrease in restricted cash

    (14     —          (14     19        —          19   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

    (37,439     19,985        (17,454     (56,844     (149,910     (206,754
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

    (14,135     —          (14,135     211,869        —          211,869   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

    (180     —          (180     189        —          189   

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    (54,162     19,985        (34,177     188,820        (149,910     38,910   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

    366,833        (219,491     147,342        211,236        (79,941     131,295   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $ 312,671      $ (199,506   $ 113,165      $ 400,056      $ (229,851   $ 170,205   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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    Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015     Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014  
    As reported     Revision     As Revised     As reported     Revision     As Revised  

Net cash provided by operating activities

  $ 104,856      $ —        $ 104,856      $ 28,972      $ —        $ 28,972   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investing activities:

           

Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

    75        —          75        32        —          32   

Purchases of property and equipment

    (135,201     —          (135,201     (132,098     —          (132,098

Acquisition of intangible assets – capitalized software

    (17,947     —          (17,947     (17,465     —          (17,465

Acquisition of short-term investments

    —          (369,402     (369,402     —          (119,924     (119,924

Redemption of short-term investments

    —          229,852        229,852        —          39,983        39,983   

Increase in restricted cash

    (192     —          (192     (2,500     —          (2,500
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

    (153,265     (139,550     (292,815     (152,031     (79,941     (231,972
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

    203,221        —          203,221        67,995        —          67,995   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

    785        —          785        (42     —          (42

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    155,597        (139,550     16,047        (55,106     (79,941     (135,047

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

    211,236        (79,941     131,295        266,342        —          266,342   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $ 366,833      $ (219,491   $ 147,342      $ 211,236      $ (79,941   $ 131,295   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note 19, “Parent Company Condensed Financial Statements,” as disclosed in our 10-K was also impacted by the revisions as summarized below:

 

                                                                                                                             
    As of December 31, 2015     As of December 31, 2014  
    As reported     Revision     As Revised     As reported     Revision     As Revised  

Assets:

           

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 251,482      $ (179,593   $ 71,889      $ 113,949      $ (39,958   $ 73,991   

Short-term investments

    —          179,593        179,593        —          39,958        39,958   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

    251,482        —          251,482        113,949        —          113,949   

Investments and advance with subsidiaries

    95,076        —          95,076        90,725        —          90,725   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $ 346,558      $ —        $ 346,558      $ 204,674      $ —        $ 204,674   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                                             
    Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015     Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014  
    As reported     Revision     As Revised     As reported     Revision     As Revised  

Net cash used in operating activities

  $ (6,719   $ —        $ (6,719   $ (212   $ —        $ (212
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investing activities:

           

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities – investments and advances with subsidiaries

    (71,964     —          (71,964     (62,832     —          (62,832

Acquisition of short-term investments

    —          (329,503     (329,503     —          (79,941     (79,941

Redemption of short-term investments

    —          189,868        189,868        —          39,983        39,983   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

    (71,964     (139,635     (211,599     (62,832     (39,958     (102,790
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

    216,216        —          216,216        3,065        —          3,065   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    137,533        (139,635     (2,102     (59,979     (39,958     (99,937

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

    113,949        (39,958     73,991        173,928        —          173,928   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

  $ 251,482      $ (179,593   $ 71,889      $ 113,949      $ (39,958   $ 73,991   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

b) None.

 

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Table of Contents
ITEM 6. Exhibits

 

Exhibit
Number

  

Description of Exhibits

  31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32.1*    Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32.2*    Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS    XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

 

* This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

 

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Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

    Gogo Inc.

Date: November 3, 2016

   
   

/s/ Michael Small

    Michael Small
    President and Chief Executive Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer)
   

/s/ Norman Smagley

    Norman Smagley
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Financial Officer)

 

58