Gogo Inc. - Quarter Report: 2017 March (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One):

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-35975

Gogo Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

111 North Canal St., Suite 1500

Chicago, IL 60606

(Address of principal executive offices)

Telephone Number (312) 517-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of April 28, 2017, 86,411,968 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock were outstanding.

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Gogo Inc.

INDEX

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

See the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

See the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

See the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

See the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Business - Gogo Inc. (“we”, “us”, “our”) is a holding company, which through its operating subsidiaries is a provider of in-flight connectivity and wireless in-cabin digital entertainment solutions. We operate through the following three segments: Commercial Aviation North America or “CA-NA”, Commercial Aviation Rest of World or “CA-ROW” and Business Aviation or “BA”. Services provided by our CA-NA and CA-ROW businesses include Passenger Connectivity, which allows passengers to connect to the Internet from their personal Wi-Fi-enabled devices; Passenger Entertainment, which offers passengers the opportunity to enjoy a broad selection of in-flight entertainment options on their personal Wi-Fi-enabled devices; and Connected Aircraft Services (“CAS”), which offer airlines connectivity for various operations and currently include, among others, real-time credit card transaction processing, electronic flight bags and real-time weather information. Services are provided by CA-NA on commercial aircraft flying routes that generally begin and end within North America, which for this purpose includes the United States, Canada and Mexico. CA-ROW provides service on commercial aircraft operated by foreign-based commercial airlines and flights outside of North America for North American-based commercial airlines. The routes included in our CA-ROW segment are those that begin and/or end outside of North America (as defined above) on which our international service is provided. BA provides in-flight Internet connectivity and other voice and data communications products and services and sells equipment for in-flight telecommunications to the business aviation market. BA services include Gogo Biz, our in-flight broadband service, Passenger Entertainment, our in-flight entertainment service, and satellite-based voice and data services through our strategic alliances with satellite companies.

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in conformity with Article 10 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our annual audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2017 (the “2016 10-K”). These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

The results of operations and cash flows for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017.

We have one class of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the significant estimates and bases such estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). This pronouncement outlines a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the FASB issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within the annual reporting periods. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we expect to apply this standard using the full retrospective method. During 2016, we established a project team responsible for assessment and implementation of this guidance. While we are continuing to evaluate the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements, based on our analysis to date we currently believe that the measurement and timing of recognition of revenue from certain of our

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

commercial aviation and business aviation customers will be impacted. Certain of our commercial airline and business aviation contracts provide service revenue that varies based on usage by passengers and our airline partners. The adoption of this guidance will require consideration as to whether service revenue under such contracts is considered an optional purchase of goods or services, or is considered variable consideration. We are continuing to assess the treatment of costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer, including costs to obtain Supplemental Type Certificates issued by the FAA that are required to install our equipment on aircraft (“STCs”), which may require capitalization and amortization over the anticipated service period. Recognition of our up-front activation fees may be accelerated as the incurrence of such fees does not contain a future material right or otherwise significantly influence whether a customer would renew its service contract. In addition, penalties will be accounted for as a reduction of revenue that will be recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied. We are still assessing the impact of these changes to our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which introduces a lessee model that records most leases on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 also aligns certain underlying principles of the new lessor model with those in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), the FASB’s new revenue recognition standard. Furthermore, ASU 2016-02 eliminates the required use of bright-line tests used in current GAAP for determining lease classification. It also requires lessors to provide additional transparency into their exposure to the changes in value of their residual assets and how they manage that exposure. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. We will adopt this as guidance as of January 1, 2019 and we are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-04, Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products (“ASU 2016-04”), which amends the guidance on extinguishing financial liabilities for certain prepaid stored-value products by requiring that entities that sell prepaid stored-value products recognize breakage proportionally as the prepaid stored-value product is being redeemed rather than immediately upon sale of the product. If an entity is unable to estimate breakage, the amount would be recognized when the likelihood becomes remote that the holder will exercise the remaining rights. Entities are required to reassess their estimates of breakage each reporting period. Any change in this estimate would be accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate. An entity that recognizes breakage is required to disclose the methodology used to recognize breakage and significant judgments made in applying the breakage methodology. ASU 2016-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We can apply ASU 2016-04 by using either a modified retrospective transition approach or a full retrospective transition approach. We will adopt this as guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which amends ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, the FASB’s standards for reporting cash flows in general-purpose financial statements. The amendments address the diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we expect to apply this standard using the full retrospective method. We do not believe adoption of this guidance will have a material effect on our cash flows as we have historically reported debt prepayment and debt extinguishment costs in a manner consistent with ASU 2016-15.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (“ASU 2016-16”), which removes the prohibition in ASC 740, Income Taxes, against the immediate recognition of the current and deferred income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. This is intended to reduce the complexity of GAAP and diversity in practice related to the tax consequences of certain types of intra-entity asset transfers, particularly those involving intellectual property. ASU 2016-16 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and we are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash – A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force, (“ASU 2016-18”), which amends ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, to clarify guidance on the classification and presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for annual

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. We will adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating Step-2 from the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We will adopt this guidance as of our annual goodwill impairment test in October 2017 and do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Basic and diluted net loss per share have been calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The shares of common stock effectively repurchased in connection with the Forward Transactions (as defined and described in Note 8, “Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities”) are considered participating securities requiring the two-class method to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share. Net earnings in future periods will be allocated between common shares and participating securities. In periods of a net loss, the shares associated with the Forward Transactions will not receive an allocation of losses, as the counterparties to the Forward Transactions are not required to fund losses. Accordingly, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding as of March 31, 2017 and 2016 excludes approximately 7.2 million shares that will be repurchased as a result of the Forward Transactions.

As a result of the net loss for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, all of the outstanding shares of common stock underlying stock options, deferred stock units and restricted stock units were excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding because they were anti-dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016; however, because of the undistributed losses, the shares of common stock associated with the Forward Transactions are excluded from the computation of basic earnings per share in 2017 and 2016 as undistributed losses are not allocated to these shares (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Inventories consist primarily of telecommunications systems and parts, and are recorded at the lower of cost (average cost) or market. We evaluate the need for write-downs associated with obsolete, slow-moving, and nonsalable inventory by reviewing net realizable inventory values on a periodic basis.

Inventories as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, all of which were included within the BA segment, were as follows (in thousands):

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

Property and equipment as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

Other non-current assets as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

Accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

Other non-current liabilities as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

Our intangible assets are comprised of both indefinite-lived and finite-lived intangible assets. Intangible assets with indefinite lives and goodwill are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. We perform our annual impairment tests of our indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. We also reevaluate the useful life of the indefinite-lived intangible assets each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. The results of our annual indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill impairment assessments in the fourth quarter of 2016 indicated no impairment.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our goodwill balance, all of which related to our BA segment, was $0.6 million.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

Our intangible assets, other than goodwill, as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands, except for weighted average remaining useful life):

Amortization expense was $5.8 million and $4.6 million, respectively, for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

Amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be as follows (in thousands):

Actual future amortization expense could differ from the estimated amount as a result of future investments and other factors.

We provide warranties on parts and labor related to our products. Our warranty terms range from two to five years. Warranty reserves are established for costs that are estimated to be incurred after the sale, delivery and installation of the products under warranty. The warranty reserves are determined based on known product failures, historical experience and other available evidence, and are included in accrued liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our warranty reserve balance was $2.6 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Long-term debt as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows (in thousands):

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Gogo Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

Senior Secured Notes – On June 14, 2016 (the “Issue Date”), Gogo Intermediate Holdings LLC (“GIH”) (a wholly owned subsidiary of Gogo Inc.) and Gogo Finance Co. Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of GIH) (the “Co-Issuer” and, together with GIH, the “Issuers”), issued $525 million aggregate principal amount of 12.500% senior secured notes due 2022 (the “Original Senior Secured Notes”) under an Indenture, dated as of June 14, 2016 (the “Indenture”), among the Issuers, us, as guarantor, certain subsidiaries of GIH, as guarantors (the “Subsidiary Guarantors” and, together with us, the “Guarantors”), and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”) and as collateral agent (in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”). On January 3, 2017, the Issuers issued $65 million aggregate principal amount of additional senior secured notes due 2022 (the “Additional Notes”). The Additional Notes were issued at a price equal to 108% of their face value resulting in gross proceeds of $70.2 million. We refer to the Original Senior Secured Notes and the Additional Notes collectively as the “Senior Secured Notes.”

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the outstanding principal balance of the Senior Secured Notes was $590.0 million and $525.0 million, respectively. The unamortized debt premium was $5.0 million as of March 31, 2017 and the net carrying amount was $595.0 million as of March 31, 2017. The net carrying amount was $525.0 million as of December 31, 2016.

Interest on the Senior Secured Notes accrues at the rate of 12.500% per annum and is payable semi-annually in arrears on July 1 and January 1, commencing on January 1, 2017 (other than the Additional Notes, for which interest payments commence on July 1, 2017). The Senior Secured Notes mature on July 1, 2022. The Additional Notes have the same terms as the Original Senior Secured Notes, except with respect to the issue date and issue price, and are treated as a single series for all purposes under the Indenture and the security documents that govern the Additional Notes and the Original Senior Secured Notes.

We paid approximately $11.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, of loan origination fees and financing costs related to the issuance of the Original Senior Secured Notes and the Additional Notes, which have been accounted for as deferred financing costs. The deferred financing costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet are being amortized over the contractual term of the Senior Secured Notes using the effective interest method. Total amortization expense was $0.5 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the balance of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Senior Secured Notes was $11.8 million and $11.2 million, respectively, and is included as a reduction to long-term debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. See Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information.

The Senior Secured Notes are the senior secured indebtedness of the Issuers and are:

The Senior Secured Notes are guaranteed, on a senior secured basis, by us and all of GIH’s existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries (other than the Co-Issuer), subject to certain exceptions. The Issuers’ obligations under the Senior Secured Notes are not guaranteed by Gogo International Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of ours that holds no material assets other than equity interests in our foreign subsidiaries. Each guarantee is a senior secured obligation of such Guarantor and is:

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

The Senior Secured Notes and the related guarantees are secured by first-priority liens, subject to permitted liens, on substantially all of the Issuers’ and the Guarantors’ assets, except for certain excluded assets, including pledged equity interests of the Issuers and all of our existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries guaranteeing the Senior Secured Notes.

The security interests in certain collateral may be released without the consent of holders of the Senior Secured Notes if such collateral is disposed of in a transaction that complies with the Indenture and related security agreements. In addition, under certain circumstances, we and the Guarantors have the right to transfer certain intellectual property assets that on the Issue Date constitute collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes or the guarantees to a restricted subsidiary organized under the laws of Switzerland, resulting in the release of such collateral without consent of the holders of the Senior Secured Notes.

On or after July 1, 2019, the Issuers may, at their option, at any time or from time to time, redeem any of the Senior Secured Notes in whole or in part. The Senior Secured Notes will be redeemable at the following redemption prices (expressed in percentages of principal amount), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant regular record date on or prior to the redemption date to receive interest due on an interest payment date), if redeemed during the twelve-month period commencing on July 1 of the following years:

In addition, at any time prior to July 1, 2019, the Issuers may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 112.500% of the principal amount redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the date of redemption; provided, however, that Senior Secured Notes representing at least 65% of the principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding immediately after each such redemption.

The Issuers may redeem the Senior Secured Notes, in whole or in part, at any time prior to July 1, 2019, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes redeemed plus the make-whole premium set forth in the Indenture as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the applicable redemption date.

The Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Issuers and the Subsidiary Guarantors and, in certain circumstances, our ability, to: incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions; make investments; create restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends to the Issuers or make other intercompany transfers; create liens; transfer or sell assets; merge or consolidate; and enter into certain transactions with the Issuers’ affiliates, including us. Most of these covenants will cease to apply if, and for as long as, the Senior Secured Notes have investment grade ratings from both Moody’s Investment Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s.

If we or the Issuers undergo specific types of change of control prior to July 1, 2022, GIH is required to make an offer to repurchase for cash all of the Senior Secured Notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the payment date.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

The Indenture provides for events of default, which, if any of them occur, would permit or require the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all of the then outstanding Senior Secured Notes issued under the Indenture to be due and payable immediately. As of March 31, 2017, no event of default had occurred.

Convertible Notes – On March 3, 2015, we issued $340.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (the “Convertible Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers, pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. We granted an option to the initial purchasers to purchase up to an additional $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes to cover over-allotments, of which $21.9 million was subsequently exercised during March 2015, resulting in a total issuance of $361.9 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes mature on March 1, 2020, unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of our common stock under certain circumstances described below. Upon maturity, we have the option to settle our obligation through cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. We pay interest on the Convertible Notes semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year. Interest payments began on September 1, 2015.

The $361.9 million of proceeds received from the issuance of the Convertible Notes was initially allocated between long-term debt (the liability component) at $261.9 million and additional paid-in-capital (the equity component) at $100.0 million, within the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the liability component was measured using rates determined for similar debt instruments without a conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the aggregate face value of the Convertible Notes. If we or the note holders elect not to settle the debt through conversion, we must settle the Convertible Notes at face value. Therefore, the liability component will be accreted up to the face value of the Convertible Notes, which will result in additional non-cash interest expense being recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations through the Convertible Notes maturity date (see Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information). The effective interest rate on the Convertible Notes, including accretion of the notes to par and debt issuance cost amortization, was approximately 11.5%. The equity component will not be remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the outstanding principal on the Convertible Notes was $361.9 million, the unamortized debt discount was $65.2 million and $69.9 million, respectively, and the net carrying amount of the liability component was $296.7 million and $292.0 million, respectively.

We incurred approximately $10.4 million of issuance costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Notes of which $7.5 million and $2.9 million were recorded to deferred financing costs and additional paid-in capital, respectively, in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds of the Convertible Notes. The $7.5 million recorded as deferred financing costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet is being amortized over the term of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method. Total amortization expense of the deferred financing costs was $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Amortization expense is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the balance of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Convertible Notes was $4.7 million and $5.1 million, respectively, and is included as a reduction to long-term debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9, “Interest Costs” for additional information.

The Convertible Notes had an initial conversion rate of 41.9274 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $23.85 per share of our common stock. Upon conversion, we currently expect to deliver cash up to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes then outstanding. With respect to any conversion value in excess of the principal amount, we currently expect to deliver shares of our common stock. We may elect to deliver cash in lieu of all or a portion of such shares. The shares of common stock subject to conversion are excluded from diluted earnings per share calculations under the if-converted method as their impact is anti-dilutive.

Holders may convert the Convertible Notes, at their option, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount at any time prior to December 1, 2019, but only in the following circumstances:

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

None of the above events allowing for conversion prior to December 1, 2019 occurred during the three month period ended March 31, 2017. Regardless of whether any of the foregoing circumstances occurs, a holder may convert its Convertible Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at any time on or after December 1, 2019 until maturity.

In addition, if we undergo a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes), holders may, subject to certain conditions, require us to repurchase their Convertible Notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be purchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the maturity date, we will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate event in certain circumstances.

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, we paid approximately $140 million to enter into prepaid forward stock repurchase transactions (the “Forward Transactions”) with certain financial institutions (the “Forward Counterparties”), pursuant to which we purchased approximately 7.2 million shares of common stock for settlement on or around the March 1, 2020 maturity date for the Convertible Notes, subject to the ability of each Forward Counterparty to elect to settle all or a portion of its Forward Transactions early. As a result of the Forward Transactions, total shareholders’ equity within our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet was reduced by approximately $140 million. Approximately 7.2 million shares of common stock that will be effectively repurchased through the Forward Transactions are treated as retired shares for basic and diluted EPS purposes although they remain legally outstanding.

Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility – On July 30, 2014, GIH, Gogo Business Aviation LLC, f/k/a Aircell Business Aviation Services LLC (“GBA”), and Gogo LLC, as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”), entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement dated as of June 21, 2012 and amended on April 4, 2013 (the “Amended Senior Term Facility”) among the Borrowers, the lenders named therein, and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent. We refer to the Amendment and the Amended Senior Term Facility collectively as the “Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.”

On June 14, 2016 the outstanding principal balance of $287.7 million, together with accrued and unpaid interest, was paid in full, and the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility was terminated in accordance with its terms on such date (subject to the survival of provisions expressly stated therein to survive the termination thereof). Additionally, we paid the voluntary prepayment premium of 3.0% or $8.6 million and wrote off all of the remaining unamortized deferred financing costs of $6.8 million. Both of these items are included in loss on extinguishment of debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 6, “Long-Term Debt and Other Liabilities,” in our 2016 10-K for additional information on the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility.

We paid $22.2 million of loan origination fees and financing costs related to the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility, all but $4.1 million of which were accounted for as deferred financing costs. Total amortization expense of the deferred financing costs was $0.8 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2016. Amortization expense is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As noted above, deferred financing costs related to the Amended and Restated Senior Term Facility were written off as of June 14, 2016.

Restricted Cash - Our restricted cash balances were $7.9 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and primarily consist of letters of credit. Certain of the letters of credit require us to maintain restricted cash accounts in a similar amount, and are issued for the benefit of the landlords at our current office locations in Chicago, IL, Bensenville, IL and Broomfield, CO.

We capitalize a portion of our interest on funds borrowed during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and amortized over the useful lives of the assets.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

The following is a summary of our interest costs for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Arrangements with Commercial Airlines — Pursuant to contractual agreements with our airline partners, we place our equipment on commercial aircraft operated by the airlines for the purpose of delivering the Gogo service to passengers on the aircraft. Depending on the agreement, we may be responsible for the costs of installing and/or deinstalling the equipment. Under one type of connectivity agreement we maintain legal title to our equipment; however, under a second, more prevalent type of connectivity agreement, some of our airline partners make an upfront payment and take legal title to such equipment. The majority of the equipment transactions involve the transfer of legal title but have not met sales recognition for accounting purposes because the risks and rewards of ownership are not fully transferred due to our continuing involvement with the equipment, the length of the term of our agreements with the airlines, and restrictions in the agreements regarding the airlines’ use of the equipment. We account for these equipment transactions as operating leases of space for our equipment on the aircraft. The assets are recorded as airborne equipment on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, as noted in Note 5, “Composition of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts.” Any upfront equipment payments are accounted for as lease incentives and recorded as deferred airborne lease incentives on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and are recognized as a reduction of the cost of service revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement with the airline. We recognized $9.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively, for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, as a reduction to our cost of service revenue in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2017, deferred airborne lease incentives of $33.1 million and $114.1 million, respectively, are included in current and non-current liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2016, deferred airborne lease incentives of $36.3 million and $135.9 million, respectively, are included in current and non-current liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The decrease in our deferred airborne lease incentives is due primarily to the transition in the accounting treatment for one of our airline agreements from an operating lease in the prior year period to a sale in the current quarter due to specific provisions elected by the airline.

For the airline agreements where the equipment transactions are treated as operating leases of space, the revenue share paid to our airline partners represents operating lease payments. They are deemed to be contingent rental payments, as the payments due to each airline are based on a percentage of our CA-NA and CA-ROW service revenue generated from that airline’s passengers, which is unknown until realized. Therefore, we cannot estimate the lease payments due to an airline at the commencement of our contract with such airline. This rental expense is included in cost of service revenue and is offset by the amortization of the deferred airborne lease incentives discussed above. Such rental expenses totaled a net charge of $8.9 million and $11.4 million, respectively, for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

A contract with one of our airline partners requires us to provide the airline partner with cash rebates of $1.8 million in June 2017 and June 2018.

Leases and Cell Site Contracts — We have lease agreements relating to certain facilities and equipment, which are considered operating leases. Rent expense for such operating leases was $3.0 million for both of the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Additionally, we have operating leases with wireless service

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

providers for tower space and base station capacity on a volume usage basis (“cell site leases”), some of which provide for minimum annual payments. Our cell site leases generally provide for an initial noncancelable term with various renewal options. Total cell site rental expense was $2.3 million for both of the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

Annual future minimum obligations for operating leases for each of the next five years and thereafter, other than the arrangements we have with our commercial airline partners, as of March 31, 2017, are as follows (in thousands):

Equipment Leases – We lease certain computer and network equipment under capital leases, for which interest has been imputed with annual interest rates in an approximate range of 8% to 14%. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the computer equipment leases were classified as part of office equipment, furniture, and fixtures and other in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at a gross cost of $5.1 million and $3.9 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the network equipment leases were classified as part of network equipment in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at a gross cost of $7.5 million and $7.5 million, respectively. Annual future minimum obligations under capital leases for each of the next five years and thereafter, as of March 31, 2017, are as follows (in thousands):

The $5.3 million present value of net minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2017 has a current portion of $3.0 million included in the current portion of long-term debt and capital leases and a non-current portion of $2.3 million included in other non-current liabilities.

Contractual Commitments - We have agreements with vendors to provide us with transponder and teleport satellite services. These agreements vary in length and amount and as of March 31, 2017 commit us to purchase transponder and teleport satellite services totaling approximately $55.0 million in 2017 (April 1 through December 31), $58.6 million in 2018, $61.2 million in 2019, $68.2 million in 2020, $60.2 million in 2021 and $279.6 million thereafter.

We have agreements with various vendors under which we have remaining commitments to purchase satellite-based systems, certifications and development services. Such commitments will become payable as we receive the equipment or certifications, or as development services are provided.

Damages and Penalties - We have entered into a number of agreements with our airline partners that require us to provide a credit or pay penalties or liquidated damages to our airline partners if we are unable to install our equipment on aircraft by specified timelines or fail to comply with service level commitments. The maximum amount of future credits or payments we could be required to make under these agreements is uncertain because the amount of future credits or payments is based on certain variable inputs.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

Indemnifications and Guarantees - In accordance with Delaware law, we indemnify our officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at our request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under this indemnification is uncertain and may be unlimited, depending upon circumstances. However, our Directors’ and Officers’ insurance does provide coverage for certain of these losses.

In the ordinary course of business we may occasionally enter into agreements pursuant to which we may be obligated to pay for the failure of performance of others, such as the use of corporate credit cards issued to employees. Based on historical experience, we believe that the risk of sustaining any material loss related to such guarantees is remote.

We have entered into a number of agreements, including our agreements with commercial airlines, pursuant to which we indemnify the other party for losses and expenses suffered or incurred in connection with any patent, copyright, or trademark infringement or misappropriation claim asserted by a third party with respect to our equipment or services. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is uncertain and is typically not limited by the terms of the agreements.

A three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:

Long-Term Debt:

Our financial assets and liabilities that are disclosed but not measured at fair value include the Senior Secured Notes and the Convertible Notes, which are reflected on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at cost. The fair value measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy since they are based on quoted market prices of our instruments in markets that are not active. We estimated the fair value of the Senior Secured Notes and Convertible Notes by calculating the upfront cash payment a market participant would require to assume these obligations. The upfront cash payment used in the calculations of fair value on our March 31, 2017 unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, excluding any issuance costs, is the amount that a market participant would be willing to lend at March 31, 2017 to an entity with a credit rating similar to ours and achieve sufficient cash inflows to cover the scheduled cash outflows under the Senior Secured Notes and the Convertible Notes. The calculated fair value of our Convertible Notes is highly correlated to our stock price and as a result significant changes to our stock price could have a significant impact on the calculated fair value of our Convertible Notes.

The fair value and carrying value of long-term debt as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

We have held-to-maturity financial instruments where carrying value approximates fair value. There were no fair value adjustments to these financial instruments during 2017 and 2016.

The effective income tax rates for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were (0.6%) and (1.3%), respectively. Income tax expense recorded in each period was similar, with differences in pre-tax income causing the change in the effective tax rate. The difference between our effective tax rates and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was primarily due to the recording of a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.

We are subject to income taxation in the United States, various states within the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Mexico, Brazil, Singapore, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Australia. With few exceptions, as of March 31, 2017, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2013.

We record penalties and interest relating to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision line item in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations. No penalties or interest related to uncertain tax positions were recorded for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we did not have a liability recorded for interest or potential penalties.

We do not expect a change in the unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

We operate our business through three operating segments: Commercial Aviation North America, or “CA-NA”, Commercial Aviation Rest of World, or “CA-ROW” and Business Aviation, or “BA”. See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” for further information regarding our segments.

The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in our 2016 10-K. Intercompany transactions between segments are excluded as they are not included in management’s performance review of the segments. We currently do not generate a material amount of foreign revenue. We do not segregate assets between segments for internal reporting. Therefore, asset-related information has not been presented. We do not disclose assets outside of the United States as these assets are not material as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. For our airborne assets, we consider only those assets installed in aircraft associated with international commercial airline partners to be owned outside of the United States.

Management evaluates performance and allocates resources to each segment based on segment profit (loss), which is calculated internally as net income (loss) attributable to common stock before interest expense, interest income, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, certain non-cash charges (including amortization of deferred airborne lease incentives, stock-based compensation expense and adjustment to deferred financing costs) and other income (expense). Segment profit (loss) is a measure of performance reported to the chief operating decision maker for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to the segments and evaluating segment performance. In addition, segment profit (loss) is included herein in conformity with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting. Management believes that segment profit (loss) provides useful information for analyzing and evaluating the underlying operating results of each segment. However, segment profit (loss) should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income (loss) attributable to common stock or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Additionally, our computation of segment profit (loss) may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

Information regarding our reportable segments is as follows (in thousands):

A reconciliation of segment profit (loss) to the relevant consolidated amounts is as follows (in thousands):

Major Customers and Airline Partnerships — During the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, no customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue. One airline partner accounted for approximately 13% and 18%, respectively, of consolidated accounts receivable as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Revenue earned through Delta Air Lines and American Airlines accounted for approximately 48% and 49%, respectively, of consolidated revenue for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

Stock-Based Compensation — As of March 31, 2017, we had three stock-based employee compensation plans (“Stock Plans”). See Note 11, “Stock-Based Compensation,” in our 2016 10-K for further information regarding these plans. Most of our equity grants are awarded on an annual basis. The annual grants occurred in the first quarter of 2017 whereas they had occurred in the second quarter in prior years.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

For the three month period ended March 31, 2017, options to purchase 1,531,118 shares of common stock (of which 427,160 are options that contain a market condition, in addition to the time-based vesting requirements) were granted, options to purchase 36,587 shares of common stock were exercised, options to purchase 216,328 (of which 20,200 options contain a market condition) shares of common stock were forfeited, and options to purchase 31,017 shares of common stock expired.

For the three month period ended March 31, 2017, 785,402 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) (of which 207,667 are RSUs that contain a market condition, in addition to the time-based vesting requirements) were granted, 22,965 RSUs vested and 41,991 RSUs (of which 5,400 contained a market condition) were forfeited.

For the three month period ended March 31, 2017, 52,910 shares of restricted stock were granted and 22,393 shares vested. These shares are deemed issued as of the date of grant, but not outstanding until they vest.

For the three month period ended March 31, 2017, 21,132 DSUs were granted and none were released.

The employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) allows eligible employees to purchase our common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the stock as of the beginning or the end of three-month offering periods. Under the ESPP, 424,594 shares were reserved for issuance. For the three month period ended March 31, 2017, 48,657 shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP.

The following is a summary of our stock-based compensation expense by operating expense line in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

401(k) Plan — Under our 401(k) plan, all employees who are eligible to participate are entitled to make tax-deferred contributions, subject to Internal Revenue Service limitations. We match 100% of the employee’s first 4% of contributions made, subject to annual limitations. Our matching contributions were $1.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

Expenditures for research and development are charged to expense as incurred and totaled $22.1 million and $11.9 million, respectively, for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Research and development costs are reported as a component of engineering, design and development expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On July 17, 2012, Industry Canada issued to our Canadian subsidiary a subordinate license that allows us to use the Canadian ATG spectrum of which SkySurf Canada Communications Inc. (“SkySurf”) is the primary licensee. On July 24, 2012 we entered into a subordinate license agreement (the “License Agreement”) with SkySurf and on August 14, 2012 the agreement commenced. The License Agreement provides for our exclusive rights to use SkySurf’s ATG spectrum licenses in Canada. For additional information, see Note 16, “Canadian ATG Spectrum License,” in our 2016 10-K.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)

Amortization expense for the one-time payment for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be as follows (in thousands):

Amortization expense totaled less than $0.1 million during both of the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

The monthly payments are expensed as incurred and totaled approximately $0.3 million during both of the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report may constitute “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding our business outlook, industry, business strategy, plans, goals and expectations concerning our market position, international expansion, future technologies, future operations, margins, profitability, future efficiencies, capital expenditures, liquidity and capital resources and other financial and operating information. When used in this discussion, the words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “future” and the negative of these or similar terms and phrases are intended to identify forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations regarding future events, results or outcomes. These expectations may or may not be realized. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give you no assurance these expectations will prove to have been correct. Some of these expectations may be based upon assumptions, data or judgments that prove to be incorrect. Actual events, results and outcomes may differ materially from our expectations due to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Although it is not possible to identify all of these risks and factors, they include, among others, the following:

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Any one of these factors or a combination of these factors could materially affect our financial condition or future results of operations and could influence whether any forward-looking statements contained in this report ultimately prove to be accurate. Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and you should not place undue reliance on them. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made and we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

In addition, while we do, from time to time, communicate with securities analysts, it is against our policy to disclose to them any material non-public information or other confidential information. Accordingly, stockholders should not assume that we agree with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report. Thus, to the extent that reports issued by securities analysts contain any projections, forecasts, or opinions, such reports are not our responsibility.

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The following discussion and analysis is intended to help the reader understand our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” “Gogo,” and the “Company,” as used in this report, refer to Gogo Inc. and its directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where otherwise stated or where it is clear that the terms refer only to Gogo Inc. exclusive of its subsidiaries.

The statements in this discussion regarding industry outlook, our expectations regarding our future performance, liquidity and capital resources and other non-historical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” in the 2016 10-K and Item 1A in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

Our fiscal year ends December 31 and, unless otherwise noted, references to “years” or “fiscal” are for fiscal years ended December 31. See “— Results of Operations.”

Company Overview

Gogo (“we”, “us”, “our”) is the global leader in providing broadband connectivity solutions and wireless in-flight entertainment to the aviation industry. We operate through the following three segments: Commercial Aviation North America, or “CA-NA,” Commercial Aviation Rest of World, or “CA-ROW,” and Business Aviation, or “BA.”

Services provided by our CA-NA and CA-ROW businesses include Passenger Connectivity, which allows passengers to connect to the Internet from their personal Wi-Fi-enabled devices; Passenger Entertainment, which offers passengers the opportunity to enjoy a broad selection of in-flight entertainment options on their personal Wi-Fi enabled devices; and Connected Aircraft Services (“CAS”), which offer airlines connectivity for various operations and currently include among others, real-time credit card transaction processing, electronic flight bags and real-time weather information. Services are provided by CA-NA on commercial aircraft flying routes that generally begin and end within North America, which for this purpose includes the United States, Canada and Mexico. CA-ROW provides service on commercial aircraft operated by foreign-based commercial airlines and flights outside of North America for North American based commercial airlines. The routes included in our CA-ROW segment are those that begin and/or end outside of North America (as defined above) on which our international service is provided. BA provides in-flight Internet connectivity and other voice and data communications products and services and sells equipment for in-flight telecommunications to the business aviation market. BA services include Gogo Biz, our in-flight broadband service, Passenger Entertainment, our in-flight entertainment service, and satellite-based voice and data services through our strategic alliances with satellite companies.

Factors and Trends Affecting Our Results of Operations

We believe that our operating and business performance is driven by various factors that affect the commercial airline and business aviation industries, including trends affecting the travel industry and trends affecting the customer bases that we target, as well as factors that affect wireless Internet service providers and general macroeconomic factors. Key factors that may affect our future performance include:

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Summary Financial Information

Consolidated revenue was $165.4 million and $141.7 million, respectively, for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2017, the CA-NA segment had 2,772 aircraft equivalents providing the Gogo service as compared with 2,512 as of March 31, 2016. As of March 31, 2017, the BA segment had 5,508 aircraft online with satellite systems and 4,341 ATG systems online as compared with 5,494 and 3,681, respectively, as of March 31, 2016. As of March 31, 2017, the CA-ROW segment had 207 aircraft equivalents as compared with 175 aircraft equivalents as of March 31, 2016.

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Key Business Metrics

Our management regularly reviews financial and operating metrics, including the following key operating metrics for the CA-NA, CA-ROW and BA segments, to evaluate the performance of our business and our success in executing our business plan, make decisions regarding resource allocation and corporate strategies, and evaluate forward-looking projections.

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Key Components of Consolidated Statements of Operations

There have been no material changes to our key components of unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and segment profit (loss) as described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”  (“MD&A”) in our 2016 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any obligations that meet the definition of an off-balance sheet arrangement, other than operating leases, which have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our results of operations. See Note 10, “Leases” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures require us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related exposures. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In some instances, we could reasonably use different accounting estimates, and in some instances results could differ significantly from our estimates. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with long-lived assets, indefinite-lived assets and stock-based compensation have the greatest potential impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates described in MD&A in our 2016 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, certain data from our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The information contained in the table below should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Data

(in thousands)

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016

Revenue:

Revenue by segment and percent change for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands, except for percent change):

Commercial Aviation North America:

CA-NA revenue increased to $98.8 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $87.0 million for the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in service revenue driven by increased Passenger Connectivity revenue. The increase in CA-NA Passenger Connectivity revenue for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 was primarily due to an increase in connectivity take rate and an increase in the number of aircraft equivalents, offset in part by a decrease in ARPS. GPO increased to 95.6 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with 90.0 million for the prior year period, driven by an increase in aircraft equivalents. The connectivity take rate increased to 8.3% for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with 6.5% for the prior year period, reflecting increased passenger adoption including the impact of third party-paid and airline-paid promotions. Passenger Connectivity sessions totaled 8.0 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with 5.8 million for the prior year period. ARPS decreased to $11.17 for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $13.05 for the prior year period, due to shifts in product mix, third party-paid and airline-paid promotions. ARPA increased 5.9% to $11,793 for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $11,137 for the prior year period.

A summary of the components of CA-NA’s service revenue for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in thousands, except for percent change):

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CA-NA Passenger Connectivity revenue increased to $91.4 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $80.1 million for the prior year period, due to increases in passenger-paid, third party-paid and airline-paid revenue. Passenger-paid revenue increased due to increases in both individual sessions and subscriptions. Third party-paid revenue increased primarily due to increases in sponsorship, roaming, enterprise and wholesale revenue. Our airline-paid revenue increased due to new agreements with certain airline partners under which the airlines pay us for specified data usage, including data used by passengers and by airline crew members using connectivity services while in flight.

The increase in Passenger Entertainment and CAS revenue to $5.7 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $3.3 million for the prior year period, was driven primarily by increased usage of Passenger Entertainment services under business-to-business arrangements with our airline partners.

The increase in CA-NA service revenue was partially offset by a decrease in equipment revenue to $1.7 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $3.6 million in the prior year period, due primarily to more equipment transactions qualifying for sales treatment in the prior year period as compared with the current year.

Business Aviation:

BA revenue increased to $56.3 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $50.1 million for the prior year period, due to an increase in service revenue, offset in part by a decrease in equipment revenue.

BA service revenue increased to $40.0 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $30.7 million for the prior year period, primarily due to more customers subscribing to our Gogo Biz (ATG) service and an increase in average monthly service revenue per aircraft online. The number of ATG aircraft online increased 17.9% to 4,341 as of March 31, 2017 as compared with 3,681 as of March 31, 2016.

BA equipment revenue decreased to $16.3 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $19.4 million for the prior year period, due to decreases in both ATG and satellite equipment revenue consistent with trends in the overall business aviation market.

Under a sales program for Gogo Biz 4G equipment that started in 2016, we have deferred approximately $5.7 million of equipment revenue in connection with a free upgrade program under which we shipped ATG and UCS equipment to customers who have a right to exchange that equipment for Gogo Biz 4G equipment. We will recognize this deferred revenue upon the earlier of the shipment of the Gogo Biz 4G equipment or the expiration of the free upgrade period, which is December 31, 2017.

Commercial Aviation Rest of World:

CA-ROW revenue increased to $10.3 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $4.6 million for the prior year period, due to an increase in service revenue and to a lesser extent an increase in equipment revenue.

CA-ROW service revenue increased to $9.4 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $4.6 million for the prior year period, due to an increase in ARPA and to a lesser extent an increase in aircraft equivalents. ARPA for the CA-ROW segment increased to $16,808 for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, as compared with $11,611 for the prior year period, due to increased airline-paid passenger usage and the transition in the accounting treatment for one of our airline agreements from an operating lease in the prior year period to a sale in the current quarter due to specific provisions elected by the airline.

CA-ROW generated equipment revenue of $0.9 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 due to the transition in the accounting treatment for one of one airline agreements from an operating lease in the prior year period to a sale in the current quarter due to specific provisions elected by the airline.

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Cost of Service Revenue:

Cost of service revenue by segment and percent change for the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands, except for percent change):