GOLDEN ENTERTAINMENT, INC. - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

or

For the transition period from                 to                

Commission File No. 000-24993

Golden Entertainment, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

6595 S Jones Boulevard - Las Vegas, Nevada 89118

(Address of principal executive offices)

(702) 893-7777

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☐     No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Based upon the last sale price of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market on June 30, 2017 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter), the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of such date was $241,338,621. For purposes of these computations only, all of the Registrant’s executive officers and directors and entities affiliated with them have been deemed to be affiliates.

As of March 14, 2018, 27,387,626 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2018 annual meeting of shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the registrant’s year ended December 31, 2017, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part hereof.

GOLDEN ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

INDEX

PART I

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context suggests otherwise, the terms “Golden,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Golden Entertainment, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “think,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions. In addition, forward-looking statements include statements regarding cost savings, synergies, growth opportunities and other financial and operating benefits of our acquisition of American Casino & Entertainment Properties LLC (“American”) and our other acquisitions; our strategies, objectives, business opportunities and plans for future expansion, developments or acquisitions; anticipated future growth and trends in our business or key markets; projections of future financial condition, operating results, income, capital expenditures, costs or other financial items; anticipated regulatory and legislative changes; and other characterizations of future events or circumstances as well as other statements that are not statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. These forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions, risks and uncertainties that may change at any time, and readers are therefore cautioned that actual results could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially include: our ability to realize the anticipated cost savings, synergies and other benefits of our acquisition of American and our other acquisitions, and integration risks relating to such transactions; changes in national, regional and local economic and market conditions; legislative and regulatory matters (including the cost of compliance or failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations); increases in gaming taxes and fees in the jurisdictions in which we operate; litigation; increased competition; our ability to renew our distributed gaming contracts; reliance on key personnel (including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Strategy and Financial Officer); the level of our indebtedness and our ability to comply with covenants in our debt instruments; terrorist incidents; natural disasters; severe weather conditions (including weather or road conditions that limit access to our properties); the effects of environmental and structural building conditions; the effects of disruptions to our information technology and other systems and infrastructure; factors affecting the gaming, entertainment and hospitality industries generally, and other factors identified under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this report, elsewhere in this report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the filing date of this report. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason. 

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Corporate Information

We were incorporated in Minnesota in 1998 under the name of GCI Lakes, Inc., which name was subsequently changed to Lakes Gaming, Inc. in August 1998, to Lakes Entertainment, Inc. in June 2002 and to Golden Entertainment, Inc. in July 2015. Our shares began trading publicly in January 1999. The mailing address of our headquarters is 6595 S Jones Boulevard, Las Vegas, Nevada 89118, and our telephone number at that location is (702) 893-7777.

Business Overview

We own and operate a diversified entertainment platform, consisting of a portfolio of gaming assets that focus on resort casino operations and distributed gaming (including tavern gaming in our wholly-owned taverns).

We conduct our business through two reportable operating segments: Casinos and Distributed Gaming. In our Casinos segment, we own and operate eight resort casinos, seven in Nevada and one in Maryland. Four of our Nevada resort casino properties were added to our casino portfolio in October 2017 as a result of our acquisition of American, as further described below. Our Distributed Gaming segment involves the installation, maintenance and operation of slots and amusement devices in non-casino locations such as grocery stores, convenience stores, liquor stores, restaurants, bars and taverns in Nevada and Montana, and the operation of wholly-owned branded taverns targeting local patrons located primarily in the greater Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan area. Financial information regarding our reporting segments is included in Note 16, Segment Information, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

In January 2018, subsequent to fiscal year end, we completed an underwritten public offering in which certain of our shareholders resold an aggregate of 6.5 million shares of our common stock, and we sold 975,000 newly issued shares of our common stock pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional shares. Our net proceeds from the offering were approximately $25.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. We expect to use these net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, capital expenditures, opportunistic acquisitions or working capital.

Acquisitions

On October 20, 2017, we completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding equity interests of American from its former equity holders (the “American Acquisition”) for aggregate consideration consisting of $781.0 million in cash (subject to certain post-closing adjustments pursuant to the purchase agreement) and the issuance by us of 4,046,494 shares of our common stock to W2007/ACEP Holdings, LLC (“ACEP Holdings”), a former American equity holder. Pursuant to the post-closing adjustment provisions in the purchase agreement, the cash portion of the consideration paid in the American Acquisition was subsequently increased to $787.6 million. The American Acquisition added four Nevada resort casino properties to our casino portfolio, including the Stratosphere Casino, Hotel & Tower (the “Stratosphere”) in Las Vegas. The results of operations of American and its subsidiaries have been included in our results subsequent to that date. See Note 3, Merger and Acquisitions, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information. In connection with the closing of the American Acquisition, we entered into two new credit agreements with respect to a $900.0 million senior secured first lien credit facility (consisting of $800.0 million in term loans and a $100.0 million revolving credit facility, which was undrawn at closing) and a $200.0 million senior secured second lien term loan facility. We used the net proceeds from the borrowings under these facilities at the closing primarily to fund the cash purchase price in the American Acquisition (a portion of which was used to repay American’s then outstanding senior secured indebtedness), to refinance our outstanding senior secured indebtedness under our then-existing senior secured credit facility, and to pay certain transaction fees and expenses. See Note 7, Debt, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the new credit agreements and associated refinancing.

In January 2016, we completed the acquisition of approximately 1,100 slots from a distributed gaming operator in Montana, as well as certain other non-gaming assets and the right to operate within certain locations (the “Initial Montana Acquisition”). Additionally, in April 2016, we completed the acquisition of approximately 1,800 slots from a second distributed gaming operator in Montana, as well as amusement devices and other non-gaming assets and

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the right to operate within certain locations (the “Second Montana Acquisition” and, together with the Initial Montana Acquisition, the “Montana Acquisitions”). The results of operations of the distributed gaming businesses acquired in the Montana Acquisitions have been included in our results subsequent to their respective acquisition dates. See Note 3, Merger and Acquisitions, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

On July 31, 2015, we acquired Sartini Gaming, Inc. (“Sartini Gaming”) through the merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of Golden with and into Sartini Gaming, with Sartini Gaming surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Golden (the “Merger”). The results of operations of Sartini Gaming and its subsidiaries have been included in our results subsequent to that date.

Casinos

We own and operate eight resort casino properties in Nevada and Maryland, comprising the Stratosphere, Arizona Charlie’s Decatur and Arizona Charlie’s Boulder in Las Vegas, Nevada, the Aquarius Casino Resort (the “Aquarius”) in Laughlin, Nevada, the Pahrump Nugget Hotel Casino (“Pahrump Nugget”), Gold Town Casino and Lakeside Casino & RV Park in Pahrump, Nevada, and the Rocky Gap Casino Resort (“Rocky Gap”) in Flintstone, Maryland.

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Distributed Gaming

Our Distributed Gaming segment involves the installation, maintenance and operation of slots and amusement devices in non-casino locations such as grocery stores, convenience stores, liquor stores, restaurants, bars and taverns in Nevada and Montana. In addition, we operate wholly-owned branded taverns with slots, which target local patrons, primarily in the greater Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan area. We also hold a video gaming terminal operator license for distributed gaming in Illinois. We place our slots and amusement devices in locations where we believe they will receive maximum customer traffic, generally near a store’s entrance. As of December 31, 2017, our distributed gaming operations comprised approximately 10,900 slots in over 1,000 locations.

Nevada law limits distributed gaming operations (also known as “restricted gaming” operations) to certain types of non-casino locations, including grocery stores, drug stores, convenience stores, restaurants, bars, taverns and liquor stores, where gaming is incidental to the primary business being conducted at the location and games are generally limited to 15 or fewer slots and no other forms of gaming activity. The gaming area in these business locations is typically small, and in many instances, segregated from the primary business area, including the use of alcoves in grocery stores and drug stores and installation of slots into the physical bar (also known as “bar top” slots) in bars and taverns. Such segregation provides greater oversight and supervision of the slots. Under Montana law, distributed gaming operations are limited to business locations licensed to sell alcoholic beverages for on-premises consumption only, with such locations generally restricted to offering a maximum of 20 slots.

In Nevada, we generally enter into three types of slot placement contracts as part of our distributed gaming business: space lease, revenue share and participation agreements. Under space lease agreements, we pay a fixed monthly rental fee for the right to install, maintain and operate our slots at a business location. Under revenue share agreements, we pay the business location a percentage of the gaming revenue generated from our slots placed at the location, rather than a fixed monthly rental fee. With regard to both space lease and revenue share agreements, we hold the applicable gaming license to conduct gaming at the location (although revenue share locations are required to obtain separate regulatory approval to receive a percentage of the gaming revenue). Under participation agreements, the business location holds the applicable gaming license and retains a percentage of the gaming revenue that it generates from our slots. In Montana, our slot and amusement device placement contracts are all revenue share agreements.

Our wholly-owned branded taverns offer a casual, upscale environment catering to local patrons offering superior food, craft beer and other alcoholic beverages, and typically include 15 onsite slots. As of December 31, 2017, we operated 57 wholly-owned branded taverns, which offered a total of over 920 onsite slots. Most of our taverns are located in the greater Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan area and cater to local patrons seeking more convenient entertainment establishments than traditional casino properties. Our tavern brands include PT’s Gold, PT’s Pub, Sierra Gold, Sean Patrick’s, PT’s Place, PT’s Ranch, PT’s Brewing Company, Sierra Junction and SG Bar. We also opened our first brewery in Las Vegas, PT’s Brewing Company, during the first quarter of 2016 to produce craft beer for our taverns and casinos.

Sales and Marketing

Casinos

Our Nevada resort casinos are located in Las Vegas, Laughlin and Pahrump, Nevada, and include the Stratosphere casino property located on the north end of the Las Vegas Strip. Accordingly, we market our Nevada resort casino properties to both the locals market and tourist traffic, targeting the value-driven customer. We seek to attract local residents to our Nevada casinos through promotions geared towards enhancing local play, including dining offerings at our casino restaurants and promotions of our bowling and bingo amenities. Promotional programs for out-of-market patrons focus primarily on our iconic Stratosphere casino property, our newly remodeled hotel rooms at Pahrump Nugget and our award-winning recreational vehicle park surrounding a lake at the Lakeside Casino & RV Park.

Rocky Gap is located in western Maryland in close proximity to the affluent and heavily populated metropolitan areas of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, D.C., as well as two major interstate freeways. Rocky Gap serves as a premier destination for both local and out-of-market patrons. Our marketing efforts for Rocky Gap are primarily focused on attracting patrons through local and regional campaigns promoting both the amenities of Rocky Gap and the vast array of outdoor activities available in the Rocky Gap State Park. A portion of Rocky Gap’s business is also arranged through group sales and bus coach wholesalers.

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Our casino sales and marketing efforts also include various rewards and loyalty programs designed to encourage repeat business at our resort casino properties. At our Las Vegas and Laughlin casinos in Nevada, we offer the ace|PLAY® rewards program. At our Pahrump, Nevada casinos, we offer the Gold Mine Rewards^TM loyalty program. The close proximity of our Pahrump casino properties allows us to leverage the convenience of a one-card player rewards system, where reward points and other benefits can be earned and redeemed across all three of our Pahrump casinos via a single card. At Rocky Gap, we offer the Rewards Club^TM loyalty program. Depending on the program, members of our rewards programs may earn points based on gaming activity and amounts spent on rooms, food, beverage and resort activities, which points may be redeemable for complimentary slot play, food, beverages and hotel rooms, among other items. As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately 700,000 active players in our marketing database, providing cross-marketing opportunities across our resort casino and distributed gaming platform.

Distributed Gaming

We conduct our operations in our Distributed Gaming segment in Nevada and Montana. Our Distributed Gaming customer base is comprised of the third party distributed gaming customers with whom we enter into slot and amusement device placement contracts for the installation, maintenance and operation of slots and amusement devices at non-casino locations, the primarily local patrons that use our slots and amusement devices in such locations and the primarily local patrons of our wholly-owned branded taverns. We seek to place our slots and amusement devices in strategic, high-traffic areas, including in our branded taverns, and the majority of our marketing efforts are focused on maximizing profitability from a high-frequency, convenience-driven customer base in the counties in which we operate.

Our marketing efforts also seek to capitalize on repeat visitation through the use of loyalty programs, such as our Golden Rewards® promotional program for our wholly-owned branded taverns. Members of our Golden Rewards programs earn points based on play and amounts spent on the purchase of food and beverage, which points are redeemable for complimentary slot play, food and beverages and other items. Our rewards technology is designed to track customer behavior indicators such as visitation, customer spend and customer engagement. Brand equity is also leveraged in our taverns through the number of our branded tavern locations located throughout the greater Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan area. Our advertising initiatives include both traditional and non-traditional channels such as direct mail, email, radio, print, television, social media, search engine optimization and static/dynamic billboards.

Intellectual Property

Our policy is to pursue registration of our important trademarks and service marks in the states where we do business and with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We have registered and/or have pending as trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, among other trademarks and service marks, “Golden Entertainment” and “Golden Gaming,” as well as various names, brands and logos relating to our resort casino properties, customer rewards and loyalty programs and wholly-owned taverns. In addition, we have also registered or applied to register numerous other trademarks in various jurisdictions in the United States in connection with our properties, facilities and development projects. We also hold a patent in the United States related to player tracking systems.

Sale of Jamul Tribe Promissory Note

On December 9, 2015, we sold our $60.0 million subordinated promissory note (the “Jamul Note”) from the Jamul Indian Village (the “Jamul Tribe”) to a subsidiary of Penn National Gaming, Inc. (“Penn National”) for $24.0 million in cash. Under the terms of the January 2015 merger agreement with Sartini Gaming (the “Merger Agreement”) and subject to applicable law, we agreed that the proceeds received from the sale of the Jamul Note, net of related costs, would be distributed in a special cash dividend to our shareholders holding shares as of the record date for such dividend (other than shareholders that had waived their right to receive such dividend in connection with the Merger). On June 17, 2016, our Board of Directors approved and declared the special dividend to the eligible shareholders of record on the close of business on June 30, 2016 (the “Record Date”) of cash in the aggregate amount of approximately $23.5 million (the “Special Dividend”), which was paid on July 14, 2016. The

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$1.71 per share amount of the Special Dividend was calculated by dividing the aggregate amount of the Special Dividend by 13,759,374 outstanding shares of common stock held by eligible shareholders on the Record Date (rounded down to the nearest whole cent per share).

In connection with the special dividend and in accordance with our equity incentive plans approved by our shareholders, equitable anti-dilutive adjustments were made to the exercise prices of outstanding stock options to purchase shares of our common stock in order to preserve the value of such stock options following the Special Dividend. Accordingly, effective as of the close of business on the dividend payment date of July 14, 2016, the exercise price of each stock option under our equity incentive plans outstanding on the Record Date was reduced by $1.71 per share. See Note 9, Share-Based Compensation, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information on our anti-dilutive adjustments to the outstanding stock options.

Competition

The resort casino and distributed gaming industries are highly competitive. Our resort casino business competes with numerous casinos and casino-hotels of varying quality and size in our markets. We also compete with other non-gaming resorts and vacation destinations, and with various other casino and other entertainment businesses. The casino entertainment business is characterized by competitors that vary considerably in their size, quality of facilities, number of operations, brand identities, marketing and growth strategies, financial strength and capabilities, level of amenities, management talent and geographic diversity. Many of our regional and national competitors have greater brand recognition and significantly greater resources than we have. Their greater resources may also provide them with the ability to expand operations in the future.

Furthermore, several states are currently considering legalizing casino gaming in designated areas, and Native American tribes may develop or expand gaming properties in markets located more closely to our customer base (particularly Native American casinos located in California). The expansion of casino gaming in or near any geographic area from which we attract or expect to attract a significant number of our customers, including legalized casino gaming in neighboring states and on Native American land, could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

With respect to our distributed gaming businesses, we face direct competition for our space lease, revenue share and participation locations from others involved in the distributed gaming business, as well as substantial competition for customers from other operators of casinos, hotels, taverns and other entertainment venues. Many of our regional and national competitors have greater brand recognition and significantly greater resources than we have. Their greater resources may also provide them with the ability to expand operations in the future.

In addition, in both of our segments we face ever-increasing competition from online gaming, including mobile gaming applications for smart phones and tablet computers, state-sponsored lotteries, card clubs, sports books, fantasy sports websites and other forms of legalized gaming. Various forms of internet gaming have been approved in Nevada, and legislation permitting internet gaming has been proposed by the federal government and other states. The expansion of internet gaming in Nevada and other jurisdictions could result in significant additional competition for our operations.

Regulation 

Gaming Regulation

We are subject to extensive federal, state, and local regulation. State and local government authorities in the jurisdictions in which we operate require us to obtain gaming licenses and require our officers, key employees and business entity affiliates to demonstrate suitability to be involved in gaming operations. These are privileged licenses or approvals which are not guaranteed by statute or regulation. State and local government authorities may limit, condition, suspend or revoke a license, impose substantial fines, and take other actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain and maintain the gaming licenses and related approvals necessary to conduct our gaming operations. Any failure to maintain or renew our existing licenses, registrations, permits or approvals could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and

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prospects. Furthermore, if additional gaming laws or regulations are adopted, these regulations could impose additional restrictions or costs that could have a significant adverse effect on us and our business. For additional information, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our business is subject to extensive gaming regulation, which is costly to comply with, and gaming authorities have significant control over our operations.”

Gaming authorities may, in their sole and absolute discretion, require the holder of any securities issued by us to file applications, be investigated, and be found suitable to own our securities if they have reason to believe that the security ownership would be inconsistent with the declared policies of their respective states. Further, the costs of any investigation conducted by any gaming authority under these circumstances is typically required to be paid by the applicant, and refusal or failure to pay these charges may constitute grounds for a finding that the applicant is unsuitable to own the securities. Our articles of incorporation require our shareholders to cooperate with gaming authorities in such investigations and permit us to redeem the securities held by any shareholder whose holding of shares of our capital stock may result, in the judgment of our board of directors, in our failure to obtain or our loss of any license or franchise from any governmental agency held by us to conduct any portion of our business. If any gaming authority determines that a person is unsuitable to own our securities, then, under the applicable gaming laws and regulations, we can be sanctioned, including the loss of our privileged licenses or approvals, if, without the prior approval of the applicable gaming authority, we conduct certain business with the unsuitable person. For additional information, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our shareholders are subject to extensive government regulation and, if a shareholder is found unsuitable by a gaming authority, that shareholder would not be able to beneficially own our common stock directly or indirectly. Our shareholders may also be required to provide information that is required by gaming authorities and we have the right, under certain circumstances, to redeem a shareholder’s securities; we may be forced to use our cash or incur debt to fund redemption of our securities.”

Our directors, officers and key employees are also subject to a variety of regulatory requirements and various privileged licensing and related approval procedures in the various jurisdictions in which we operate gaming facilities. If any gaming authority with jurisdiction over our business were to find any of our directors, officers or key employees unsuitable for licensing or unsuitable to continue having a relationship with us, we would have to sever our relationship with that person. Furthermore, such gaming authorities may require us to terminate the employment of any person who refuses to file appropriate applications. Either result could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and prospects.

Applicable gaming laws and regulations also restrict our ability to issue securities, incur debt, and undertake other financing activities. Such transactions would generally require approval of gaming authorities, and our financing counterparties, including lenders, might be subject to various licensing and related approval procedures in the various jurisdictions in which we operate gaming facilities. If state regulatory authorities were to find any person unsuitable with regard to his, her or its relationship to us or any of our subsidiaries, we would be required to sever our relationship with that person, which could materially adversely affect our business.

The gaming industry also represents a significant source of tax revenue, particularly to the State of Nevada and its counties and municipalities. From time to time, various federal, state and local legislators and other government officials have proposed and adopted changes in tax laws, or in the administration or interpretation of such laws, affecting the gaming industry. It is not possible to determine the likelihood of possible changes in tax laws or in the administration or interpretation of such laws. Such changes, if adopted, could have a material adverse effect on our future financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. For additional information, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Changes to gaming tax laws could increase our cost of doing business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.”

From time to time, local and state lawmakers, as well as special interest groups, have proposed legislation that would expand, restrict or prevent gaming operations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Any such change to the regulatory environment or the adoption of new federal, state or local government legislation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Other Regulation

Our business is subject to a variety of other federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations and ordinances. These laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, restrictions and conditions concerning alcoholic beverages, environmental matters, employees, currency transactions, taxation, zoning and building codes, and marketing and

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advertising. Such laws and regulations could change or could be interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted. Changes to any of the laws, rules, regulations or ordinances to which we are subject, new laws or regulations, or material differences in interpretations by courts or governmental authorities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our operations are subject to various environmental laws and regulations relating to emissions and discharges into the environment, and the storage, handling and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous substances and wastes. These laws and regulations are complex, and subject to change, and violations can lead to significant costs for corrective action and remediation, fines and penalties. Under certain of these laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of property may be liable for the costs of remediating contamination on its property, without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or caused, the presence of the contaminants, and regardless of whether the practices that resulted in the contamination were legal at the time that they occurred, as well as incur liability to third parties impacted by such contamination. The presence of contamination, or failure to remediate it properly, may adversely affect our ability to use, sell or rent property. As we acquire additional casino, resort and tavern properties, such as the casino properties we acquired in the American Acquisition, we may not know the full level of exposure that we may have undertaken despite appropriate due diligence. We endeavor to maintain compliance with environmental laws, but from time to time, current or historical operations on or adjacent to, our properties may have resulted or may result in noncompliance with environmental laws or liability for cleanup pursuant to environmental laws. In that regard, we may incur costs for cleaning up contamination relating to historical uses of certain of our properties.

Many of our employees, especially those that interact with our customers, receive a base salary or wage that is established by applicable state and federal laws that establish a minimum hourly wage that is, in turn, supplemented through tips and gratuities from customers. In February and April 2017, several former employees filed two separate purported class action lawsuits against us and on behalf of similarly situated individuals employed by us in Nevada. The lawsuits allege that we violated certain Nevada labor laws, including payment of an hourly wage below the statutory minimum wage without providing a qualified health insurance plan and an associated failure to pay proper overtime compensation. For additional information, please see Part I, Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Legal Proceedings.” From time to time, state and federal lawmakers have increased the minimum wage. It is difficult to predict when such increases may take place. Any such change to the minimum wage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages is a highly regulated and taxed business. Our brewery operations at PT’s Brewing Company in Las Vegas, Nevada require federal, state, and local licenses, permits and approvals. Our restaurant and on-site brewery at PT’s Brewing Company operate pursuant to exceptions to the “tied house” laws, which in Nevada generally prohibit a manufacturer or supplier of brewery products from engaging in the business of wholesaling and prevent a wholesaler from engaging, directly or indirectly, in retail sales. Our brewery operations are subject to more restrictive regulations and increased taxation by federal, state and local governmental entities than are those of non-alcohol related beverage businesses. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the production and distribution of beer, including permitting, licensing, trade practices, labeling, advertising, marketing, distributor relationships and related matters. Federal, state and local governmental entities also levy various taxes, license fees, and other similar charges and may require bonds to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Failure to comply with applicable federal, state or local laws and regulations could result in higher taxes, penalties, fees, and suspension or revocation of permits, licenses or approvals and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. From time to time, local and state lawmakers, as well as special interest groups, have proposed legislation that would increase the federal and/or state excise tax on alcoholic beverages or certain types of alcoholic beverages. If adopted, such measures could affect some or all of our proprietary craft beer production. If federal or state excise taxes are increased, we may have to raise prices to maintain our current profit margins. Higher taxes may reduce overall demand for beer, thus negatively impacting sales of our beer. Further federal or state regulation may be forthcoming that could further restrict the distribution and sale of alcohol products. Any material increase in taxes or fees, or the adoption of additional taxes or fees or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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In addition, each restaurant we operate must obtain a food service license from local authorities. Failure to comply with such regulations could cause our licenses to be revoked or our related restaurant business or businesses to be forced to cease operations. Moreover, state liquor laws may prevent the expansion of restaurant operations into certain markets.

Seasonality

We believe that our Casinos and Distributed Gaming segments are affected by seasonal factors, including holidays, weather and travel conditions. Our casinos and distributed gaming businesses in Nevada have historically experienced lower revenues during the summer as a result of fewer tourists due to higher temperatures, as well as increased vacation activity by local residents. Rocky Gap typically experiences higher revenues during summer months and may be significantly adversely impacted by inclement weather during winter months. Our Nevada distributed gaming operations typically experience higher revenues during the fall which corresponds with several professional sports seasons. Our Montana distributed gaming operations typically experience higher revenues during the fall due to the inclement weather in the state and less opportunity for outdoor activities, in addition to the impact from professional sports seasons. While other factors like unemployment levels, market competition and the diversification of our business may either offset or magnify seasonal effects, some seasonality is likely to continue, which could result in significant fluctuation in our quarterly operating results.

Employees

As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately 6,910 employees, of which approximately 2,000 were covered by various collective bargaining agreements. Other unions may seek to organize the workers of our resort casino properties from time to time. We historically have had good relationships with the unions representing our employees and believe that our employee relations are good.

At the Stratosphere, three collective bargaining agreements cover our employees. Our collective bargaining agreement with the Professional, Clerical and Miscellaneous Employees, Teamsters Local Union 986 expires on March 31, 2018. Our collective bargaining agreement with the Culinary Workers Union, Local 226 and Bartenders Union, Local 165 expires on May 31, 2018. Our collective bargaining agreement with the International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 501, AFL-CIO expires on March 31, 2018.

At the Aquarius, four collective bargaining agreements cover our employees. Our collective bargaining agreement with the International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 501, AFL-CIO expires on March 31, 2020. Our collective bargaining agreement with the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Moving Picture Technicians, Artist and Allied Crafts of the United States, Its Territories and Canada, Local 720, Las Vegas, Nevada expires on November 30, 2022. Our collective bargaining agreement with the United Steelworkers of America expires on April 1, 2018. Our collective bargaining agreement with the Security, Police, and Fire Professional of America expires on February 28, 2021.

At Rocky Gap, our collective bargaining agreement with the United Food and Commercial Workers Union, Local 27 expires on November 1, 2019.

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Executive Officers

Set forth below is information concerning our executive officers, and their ages as of December 31, 2017.

Blake L. Sartini joined Golden as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer in July 2015 in connection with the Merger. Prior to the Merger, Mr. Sartini served as the president and chief executive officer of Sartini Gaming from its formation in January 2012, and as the founder and chief executive officer of Golden Gaming, LLC (“Golden Gaming”), which he founded in 2001. Prior to establishing Golden Gaming, Mr. Sartini served in various management and executive positions with Station Casinos, LLC, including executive vice president and chief operating officer. Mr. Sartini also served as a director of Station Casinos, LLC from 1993 until 2001. Mr. Sartini is a member of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Foundation’s Board of Trustees and was appointed to the Nevada Gaming Policy Committee in March 2014 by the Governor of Nevada. Mr. Sartini received a bachelor of science degree in business administration from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Stephen A. Arcana joined Golden as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in July 2015 in connection with the Merger. Prior to the Merger, Mr. Arcana served as the chief operating officer for Golden Gaming from August 2003 until the closing of the Merger. From November 1995 to March 2003, Mr. Arcana held several executive positions with Station Casinos, LLC. Prior to joining Station Casinos, LLC, Mr. Arcana held a variety of hotel operations and food and beverage positions over a ten-year period with the Sands Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Mr. Arcana received a bachelor of science degree in hotel and restaurant management from Widener University School of Hotel and Restaurant Management in Chester, Pennsylvania.

Charles H. Protell joined Golden as Executive Vice President, Chief Strategy Officer and Chief Financial Officer in November 2016. Prior to joining Golden, Mr. Protell served as managing director at Macquarie Capital’s investment banking group since May 2011, and as co-founder and a managing director at REGAL Capital Advisors from January 2009 until its acquisition by Macquarie Capital in May 2011. Prior to co-founding REGAL Capital Advisors, Mr. Protell held various investment banking roles at Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank and CIBC World Markets. Mr. Protell received a bachelor of science degree in commerce from the University of Virginia.

Sean T. Higgins joined Golden as Senior Vice President of Government Affairs and Business Development in March 2016 and was promoted to Executive Vice President of Governmental Affairs and Business Development and Chief Legal Officer in October 2016. Prior to joining Golden, Mr. Higgins served as principal of STH Strategies, a firm he founded in early 2015. From August 2011 to January 2015, Mr. Higgins was managing principal of Porter Gordon Silver Communications, a full-service government affairs and business strategic consulting firm. From July 2010 to January 2015, Mr. Higgins was a partner in the law firm of Gordon Silver. Prior to that, Mr. Higgins spent 17 years as general counsel and head of government affairs for a multijurisdictional gaming company. Mr. Higgins received his law degree from Santa Clara University School of Law and his undergraduate degree in business administration from Southern Methodist University. He is licensed to practice law in the state of Nevada.

Edward W. Martin, III joined Golden as Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer in October 2017 in connection with the American Acquisition. Prior to joining Golden, Mr. Martin served as the chief operating officer, chief financial officer, treasurer and a member of the board of directors of American from September 2008 to October 2017. Prior to joining American, Mr. Martin held senior level finance, strategic planning, and development positions with Station Casinos, LLC, Silverton Casino, LLC, and Maloof Companies. From 1999 to 2011, Mr. Martin was a member of the board of directors of Nevada First Bank and its successor, the Bank of Nevada, the

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Nevada affiliate of Western Alliance Bancorporation (NYSE:WAL), and also served as chairman of the audit committee and as a member of the regulatory oversight committee. Mr. Martin currently serves on the board of directors of The Centech Group, a position he has held since 2013, a provider of network and telecom systems and solutions. Mr. Martin also serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the College Savings Plans of Nevada, a position he has held since 2010. Mr. Martin received a bachelor of business administration degree from The University of Texas at Austin and attended the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University.

Blake L. Sartini II joined Golden as Senior Vice President of Distributed Gaming in July 2015 in connection with the Merger. In his current position, he oversees all distributed gaming operations in Nevada and Montana, as well as the Nevada tavern locations operating under the brand names PT’s, Sierra Gold, SG Bar and Sean Patrick’s. From January 2010 until the Merger, Mr. Sartini II served in various roles with Sartini Gaming, including as Vice President of Operations for Golden Route Operations, LLC (“GRO”), a subsidiary of Sartini Gaming, from September 2014 until the Merger, as assistant director for GRO from January 2012 to September 2014, and as a marketing manager from January 2010 to January 2012. Prior to joining Sartini Gaming, Mr. Sartini II served as senior business associate with the Ultimate Fighting Championship for its international event operations and talent relations in the United Kingdom. Mr. Sartini II received a bachelor of science degree in business administration from Chapman University in Orange, California.

Gary A. Vecchiarelli joined Golden as Senior Vice President of Finance and Accounting in January 2017. From May 2012 to December 2016, Mr. Vecchiarelli served as chief financial officer of Galaxy Gaming, Inc., a public company that develops, manufactures and distributes casino table games and wagering platforms. Prior to that, Mr. Vecchiarelli spent most of his career working in public accounting including as audit manager for BDO USA, LLP and audit supervisor for McGladrey & Pullen, LLP. Mr. Vecchiarelli received a bachelor of science degree in business administration in accounting from California State University at San Jose. Mr. Vecchiarelli was President of Financial Executives International, Las Vegas Chapter in 2017 and has resided on its board of directors since 2012. Mr. Vecchiarelli is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and maintains active CPA licenses in California and Nevada.

Website and Available Information

Our website is located at www.goldenent.com. Through a link on the Investors section of our website, we make the following filings available free of charge and as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed or furnished with the SEC: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Copies of these documents are also available to our shareholders upon written request to our Chief Financial Officer at 6595 S Jones Boulevard, Las Vegas, Nevada 89118. Information on the website does not constitute part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

These filings are also available free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, any materials filed with the SEC may be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

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You should consider each of the following factors as well as the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in evaluating our business and prospects. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial may also materially adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could be materially harmed and the trading price of our common stock could decline. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the information in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as our consolidated financial statements and the related notes.

Any failure to successfully integrate our businesses and businesses we acquire, including the American business, could materially adversely affect our business, and we may not realize the full benefits of the American Acquisition or our other strategic acquisitions.

Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our strategic acquisitions, including our acquisition of American in October 2017 and our acquisition of Montana distributed gaming businesses in 2016, will depend, to a large extent, on our ability to successfully integrate our businesses with the businesses we acquire. Integrating and coordinating the operations and personnel of multiple businesses and managing the expansion in the scope of our operations and financial systems involves complex operational, technological and personnel-related challenges. The potential difficulties, and resulting costs and delays, relating to the integration of our business with our strategic acquisitions include:

There is no assurance that we will successfully or cost-effectively integrate our businesses with the businesses we acquire, and the costs of achieving systems integration may substantially exceed our current estimates. The integration of the recently acquired American business into our own operations in particular will be time consuming and presents financial, managerial and operational challenges. Issues that arise during this process may divert management’s attention away from our day-to-day operations, and any difficulties encountered in the integration process could cause internal disruption in general, which could adversely impact our relationships with customers, suppliers, employees and other constituencies. Combining our different systems, technology, networks and business practices could be more difficult and time consuming than we anticipated, and could result in additional unanticipated expenses. Our combined results of operations could also be adversely affected by any issues we discover that were attributable to American’s operations that arose before the acquisition. Moreover, as non-public companies at the time of our acquisition, neither American nor our other recent strategic acquisitions had to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for internal control over financial reporting and other procedures. Bringing the legacy systems for these businesses into compliance with those requirements may cause us to incur substantial additional expense.

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In addition, the integration process may cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities of our combined business. If management is not able to effectively manage the integration process, or if any significant business activities are interrupted as a result of the integration process, our business could suffer and our results of operations and financial condition may be harmed. Even if our businesses are successfully integrated, we may not realize the full benefits of the American Acquisition or our other strategic acquisitions, including anticipated synergies, cost savings or growth opportunities, within the expected timeframes or at all. In addition, we have incurred, and may incur additional, significant integration and restructuring expenses to realize synergies. However, many of the expenses that will be incurred are, by their nature, difficult to estimate accurately. These expenses could, particularly in the near term, exceed the savings that we expect to achieve from elimination of duplicative expenses and the realization of economies of scale and cost savings. Although we expect that the realization of efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses may offset incremental transaction-related and restructuring costs over time, we cannot give any assurance that this net benefit will be achieved in the near term, or at all. Any of these matters could materially adversely affect our businesses or harm our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our business may be adversely affected by economic conditions, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, severe weather, contagious diseases and other factors affecting discretionary consumer spending, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The demand for gaming, entertainment and leisure activities is highly sensitive to downturns in the economy and the corresponding impact on discretionary consumer spending. Any actual or perceived deterioration or weakness in general, regional or local economic conditions, unemployment levels, the job or housing markets, consumer debt levels or consumer confidence, as well as any increase in gasoline prices, tax rates, interest rates, inflation rates or other adverse economic or market conditions, may lead to our customers having less discretionary income to spend on gaming, entertainment and discretionary travel, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Acts of terrorism, natural disasters, severe weather conditions and actual or perceived outbreaks of public health threats and pandemics could also significantly affect demand for gaming, entertainment and leisure activities and discretionary travel, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Furthermore, our properties are subject to the risk that operations could be halted for a temporary or extended period of time, as a result of casualty, forces of nature, adverse weather conditions, flooding, mechanical failure, or extended or extraordinary maintenance, among other causes. If there is a prolonged disruption at any of our casino properties due to natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other catastrophic events, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially adversely affected. Additionally, if extreme weather adversely impacts general economic or other conditions in the areas in which our properties are located or from which we draw our patrons or prevents patrons from easily coming to our properties, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially adversely affected.

We face substantial competition in both of our business segments, and may lose market share.

The resort casino and distributed gaming industries are highly competitive. Our resort casino business competes with numerous casinos and casino-hotels of varying quality and size in our markets. We also compete with other non-gaming resorts and vacation destinations, and with various other casino and other entertainment businesses. The casino entertainment business is characterized by competitors that vary considerably in their size, quality of facilities, number of operations, brand identities, marketing and growth strategies, financial strength and capabilities, level of amenities, management talent and geographic diversity. Many of our regional and national competitors have greater brand recognition and significantly greater resources than we have. Their greater resources may also provide them with the ability to expand operations in the future.

If our competitors operate more successfully than we do, if they attract customers away from us as a result of aggressive pricing and promotion, if they are more successful than us in attracting and retaining employees, if their properties are enhanced or expanded, if they operate in jurisdictions that give them operating advantages due to differences or changes in gaming regulations or taxes, or if additional hotels and casinos are established in and around our markets, we may lose market share or the ability to attract or retain employees. Furthermore, several states are currently considering legalizing casino gaming in designated areas, and Native American tribes may

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develop or expand gaming properties in markets located more closely to our customer base (particularly Native American casinos located in California). The expansion of casino gaming in or near any geographic area from which we attract or expect to attract a significant number of our customers, including legalized casino gaming in neighboring states and on Native American land, could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

With respect to our distributed gaming businesses, we face direct competition for our space lease, revenue share and participation locations from others involved in the distributed gaming business, as well as substantial competition for customers from other operators of casinos, hotels, taverns and other entertainment venues. In addition, in both of our segments we face ever-increasing competition from online gaming, including mobile gaming applications for smart phones and tablet computers, state-sponsored lotteries, card clubs, sports books, fantasy sports websites and other forms of legalized gaming. Various forms of internet gaming have been approved in Nevada, and legislation permitting internet gaming has been proposed by the federal government and other states. The expansion of internet gaming in Nevada and other jurisdictions could result in significant additional competition for our operations.

We incurred significant indebtedness in connection with the American Acquisition and our significant indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations.

We incurred significant indebtedness in connection with the American Acquisition and the associated refinancing of our former senior secured credit facility. As of December 31, 2017, the total principal amount of our senior secured indebtedness, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, was $1.0 billion. As a result of the increases in our outstanding debt, demands on our cash resources have increased. The increased level of debt could, among other things:

Any of these risks could impact our ability to fund our operations or limit our ability to expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may incur additional indebtedness, which could further increase the risks associated with our leverage.

We may incur significant additional indebtedness in the future, which may include financing relating to capital expenditures, potential acquisitions or business expansion, working capital or general corporate purposes. The senior secured credit facilities that we entered into in connection with the closing of the American Acquisition included a $100.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which was undrawn at December 31, 2017. In addition, our senior secured credit facilities permit us, subject to specific limitations, to incur additional indebtedness. If new indebtedness is added to our current level of indebtedness, the related risks that we now face could intensify.

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We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows to service all of our indebtedness and fund our operating expenses, working capital needs and capital expenditures, and we may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our indebtedness will depend upon our future operating performance and our ability to generate cash flow in the future, which are subject to general economic, financial, business, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or fund our other liquidity needs. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investment and capital expenditures, dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, such alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. Our senior secured credit facilities restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from asset dispositions, and may also restrict our ability to raise debt or equity capital to repay or service our indebtedness. If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and, as a result, our lenders could declare all outstanding amounts to be due and payable, terminate or suspend their commitments to loan money and foreclose against the assets securing such debt, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and could result in you losing your investment in our company.

Covenants in our debt instruments restrict our business and could limit our ability to implement our business plan.

Our senior secured credit facilities contain, and any future debt instruments likely will contain, covenants that may restrict our ability to implement our business plan, finance future operations, respond to changing business and economic conditions, secure additional financing, and engage in opportunistic transactions, such as strategic acquisitions. Our senior secured credit facilities include covenants restricting, among other things, our ability to do the following:

In addition, our revolving credit facility contains a financial covenant applying a maximum net leverage ratio when borrowings under the facility exceed 30% of the total revolving commitment. Our senior secured credit facilities are secured by liens on substantially all of our and the subsidiary guarantors’ present and future assets (subject to certain exceptions).

If we default under any of our senior secured credit facilities because of a covenant breach or otherwise, all outstanding amounts thereunder could become immediately due and payable. We cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with the covenants in our senior secured credit facilities or that any covenant violations will be waived. Any violation that is not waived could result in an event of default and, as a result, our lenders could declare all outstanding amounts to be due and payable, terminate or suspend their commitments to loan money and foreclose against the assets securing such debt, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and could result in you losing your investment in our company.

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The casino, hotel and hospitality industry is capital intensive and we may not be able to finance development, expansion and renovation projects, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage.

Our casino and tavern properties have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements to remain competitive, including room refurbishments, amenity upgrades, and replacement, from time to time, of furniture, fixtures and equipment. We may also need to make capital expenditures to comply with applicable laws and regulations. Construction projects entail significant risks, which can substantially increase costs or delay completion of a project. Such risks include shortages of materials or skilled labor, unforeseen engineering, environmental or geological problems, work stoppages, weather interference and unanticipated cost increases. Most of these factors are beyond our control. In addition, difficulties or delays in obtaining any of the requisite licenses, permits or authorizations from regulatory authorities can increase the cost or delay the completion of an expansion or development. Significant budget overruns or delays with respect to expansion and development projects could materially adversely affect our results of operations.

Renovations and other capital improvements of casino properties in particular require significant capital expenditures. In addition, any such renovations and capital improvements usually generate little or no cash flow until the projects are completed. We may not be able to fund such projects solely from cash provided from operating activities. Consequently, we may have to rely upon the availability of debt or equity capital to fund renovations and capital improvements, and our ability to carry them out will be limited if we cannot obtain satisfactory debt or equity financing, which will depend on, among other things, market conditions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional equity or debt financing on favorable terms or at all. Our failure to renovate and maintain our casino and tavern properties from time to time may put us at a competitive disadvantage to casinos or taverns offering more modern and better maintained facilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Changes to gaming tax laws could increase our cost of doing business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

The gaming industry represents a significant source of tax revenue, particularly to the State of Nevada and its counties and municipalities. Gaming companies are currently subject to significant state and local taxes and fees in addition to normal federal and state corporate income taxes, and such taxes and fees are subject to increase at any time. From time to time, various federal, state and local legislators and other government officials have proposed and adopted changes in tax laws, or in the administration or interpretation of such laws, affecting the gaming industry. In addition, any worsening of economic conditions and the large number of state and local governments with significant current or projected budget deficits could intensify the efforts of state and local governments to raise revenues through increases in gaming taxes and/or property taxes. It is not possible to determine with certainty the likelihood of changes in tax laws or in the administration or interpretation of such laws. Any material increase, or the adoption of additional taxes or fees, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our business is subject to extensive gaming regulation, which is costly to comply with, and gaming authorities have significant control over our operations.

We are subject to a variety of gaming regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including the extensive gaming laws and regulations of the State of Nevada. Compliance with these regulations is costly and time-consuming. Regulatory authorities at the federal, state and local levels have broad powers with respect to the regulation and licensing of casino and gaming operations and may revoke, suspend, condition or limit our gaming or other licenses, impose substantial fines on us and take other actions, any one of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain and maintain the gaming licenses and related approvals necessary to conduct our gaming operations. Any failure to maintain or renew our existing licenses, registrations, permits or approvals could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our directors, officers and key employees are also subject to a variety of regulatory requirements and must be approved by certain gaming authorities. If any gaming authority with jurisdiction over our business were to find an officer, director or key employee of ours unsuitable for licensing or unsuitable to continue having a relationship with

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us, we would be required to sever our relationship with that person. Furthermore, such gaming authorities may require us to terminate the employment of any person who refuses to file appropriate applications. Either result could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and prospects.

Applicable gaming laws and regulations also restrict our ability to issue securities, incur debt and undertake other financing activities. Such transactions would generally require approval of gaming authorities, and our financing counterparties, including lenders, might be subject to various licensing and related approval procedures in the various jurisdictions in which we operate gaming facilities. Further, our gaming regulators can require us to disassociate ourselves from suppliers or business partners found unsuitable by the regulators. If any gaming authorities were to find any person unsuitable with regard to his, her or its relationship to us or any of our subsidiaries, we would be required to sever our relationship with that person, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and prospects.

If additional gaming regulations are adopted in a jurisdiction in which we operate, such regulations could impose restrictions on us that would prevent us from operating our business as it is currently operated, or the increased costs associated with compliance with such regulations could lower our profitability. From time to time, various proposals are introduced in the legislatures of the jurisdictions in which we have operations that, if enacted, could adversely affect the tax, regulatory, operational or other aspects of the gaming industry and our company. Any such change to the regulatory environment or the adoption of new federal, state or local government legislation could impose additional restrictions or costs or could otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Any violation of applicable anti-money laundering laws or regulations or the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We handle significant amounts of cash in our operations and are subject to various reporting and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Recently, U.S. governmental authorities have evidenced an increased focus on compliance with anti-money laundering laws and regulations in the gaming industry. Any violation of anti-money laundering laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Internal control policies and procedures and employee training and compliance programs that we have implemented to deter prohibited practices may not be effective in prohibiting our employees, contractors or agents from violating or circumventing our policies and the law. If we or our employees or agents fail to comply with applicable laws or our policies governing our operations, we may face investigations, prosecutions and other legal proceedings and actions which could result in civil penalties, administrative remedies and criminal sanctions. Any such government investigations, prosecutions or other legal proceedings or actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are subject to numerous other federal, state and local laws that may expose us to liabilities or have a significant adverse impact on our operations. Changes to any such laws could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

Our business is subject to a variety of other federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations and ordinances. These laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, restrictions and conditions concerning alcoholic beverages, environmental matters, employees, currency transactions, taxation, zoning and building codes, and marketing and advertising. Such laws and regulations could change or could be interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted. Changes to any of the laws, rules, regulations or ordinances to which we are subject, new laws or regulations, or material differences in interpretations by courts or governmental authorities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our operations are subject to various environmental laws and regulations relating to emissions and discharges into the environment, and the storage, handling and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous substances and wastes. These laws and regulations are complex, and subject to change, and violations can lead to significant costs for corrective action and remediation, fines and penalties.

Under certain of these laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of property may be liable for the costs of remediating contamination on its property, without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or

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caused, the presence of the contaminants, and regardless of whether the practices that resulted in the contamination were legal at the time that they occurred, as well as incur liability to third parties impacted by such contamination. The presence of contamination, or failure to remediate it properly, may adversely affect our ability to use, sell or rent property. As we acquire additional casino, resort and tavern properties, such as the casino properties we acquired in the American Acquisition, we may not know the full level of exposure that we may have undertaken despite appropriate due diligence. We endeavor to maintain compliance with environmental laws, but from time to time, current or historical operations on or adjacent to, our properties may have resulted or may result in noncompliance with environmental laws or liability for cleanup pursuant to environmental laws. In that regard, we may incur costs for cleaning up contamination relating to historical uses of certain of our properties.

Many of our employees, especially those that interact with our customers, receive a base salary or wage that is established by applicable state and federal laws that establish a minimum hourly wage that is, in turn, supplemented through tips and gratuities from customers. In February and April 2017, several former employees filed two separate purported class action lawsuits against us and on behalf of similarly situated individuals employed by us in Nevada. The lawsuits allege that we violated certain Nevada labor laws, including payment of an hourly wage below the statutory minimum wage without providing a qualified health insurance plan and an associated failure to pay proper overtime compensation. For additional information, please see Part I, Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Legal Proceedings.” From time to time, state and federal lawmakers have increased the minimum wage. It is difficult to predict when such increases may take place. Any such change to the minimum wage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages is a highly regulated and taxed business. Our brewery operations at PT’s Brewing Company in Las Vegas, Nevada require federal, state, and local licenses, permits and approvals. Our restaurant and on-site brewery at PT’s Brewing Company operate pursuant to exceptions to the “tied house” laws, which in Nevada generally prohibit a manufacturer or supplier of brewery products from engaging in the business of wholesaling and prevent a wholesaler from engaging, directly or indirectly, in retail sales. Our brewery operations are subject to more restrictive regulations and increased taxation by federal, state and local governmental entities than are those of non-alcohol related beverage businesses. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the production and distribution of beer, including permitting, licensing, trade practices, labeling, advertising, marketing, distributor relationships and related matters. Federal, state and local governmental entities also levy various taxes, license fees, and other similar charges and may require bonds to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Failure to comply with applicable federal, state or local laws and regulations could result in higher taxes, penalties, fees, and suspension or revocation of permits, licenses or approvals and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. From time to time, local and state lawmakers, as well as special interest groups, have proposed legislation that would increase the federal and/or state excise tax on alcoholic beverages or certain types of alcoholic beverages. If adopted, such measures could affect some or all of our proprietary craft beer production. If federal or state excise taxes are increased, we may have to raise prices to maintain our current profit margins. Higher taxes may reduce overall demand for beer, thus negatively impacting sales of our beer. Further federal or state regulation may be forthcoming that could further restrict the distribution and sale of alcohol products. Any material increase in taxes or fees, or the adoption of additional taxes or fees or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

In addition, each restaurant we operate must obtain a food service license from local authorities. Failure to comply with such regulations could cause our licenses to be revoked or our related restaurant business or businesses to be forced to cease operations. Moreover, state liquor laws may prevent the expansion of restaurant operations into certain markets.

Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover all possible losses that our properties could suffer. In addition, our insurance costs may increase and we may not be able to obtain the same insurance coverage in the future.

Although we have comprehensive property and liability insurance policies for our properties in operation, with coverage features and insured limits that we believe are customary in their breadth and scope, each such policy has certain exclusions. Certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or terrorist acts, or certain liabilities may be uninsurable or too expensive to justify obtaining insurance. Market

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forces beyond our control may also limit the scope of the insurance coverage we can obtain or our ability to obtain coverage at reasonable rates. As a result, we may not be successful in obtaining insurance without increases in cost or decreases in coverage levels. In addition, in the event of a major casualty, the insurance coverage we carry may not be sufficient to pay the full market value or replacement cost of our lost investment or in some cases could result in certain losses being totally uninsured. As a result, we could lose some or all of the capital we have invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property, and we could remain obligated for debt or other financial obligations related to the property, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition to the damage caused to our property by a casualty loss (such as fire, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism), we may suffer business disruption as a result of these events or be subject to claims by third parties injured or harmed. While we carry business interruption insurance and general liability insurance, this insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses in such event.

We renew our insurance policies on an annual basis. The cost of coverage may become so high that we may need to reduce our policy limits or agree to certain exclusions from our coverage. Among other factors, it is possible that regional political tensions, homeland security concerns, other catastrophic events or any change in government legislation governing insurance coverage for acts of terrorism could materially adversely affect available insurance coverage and result in increased premiums on available coverage (which may cause us to elect to reduce our policy limits), additional exclusions from coverage or higher deductibles.

Increasing prices or shortages of energy and water may increase our cost of operations.

Our properties use significant amounts of water, electricity, natural gas and other forms of energy. Our Nevada properties in particular are located in a desert where water is scarce and the hot temperatures require heavy use of air conditioning. While we have not experienced any shortages of energy or water in the past, we cannot guarantee you that we will not in the future. Other states have suffered from electricity shortages. For example, California and Texas have experienced rolling blackouts due to excessive air conditioner use because of unexpectedly high temperatures in the past. We expect that potable water in Nevada, where the majority of our facilities are located, will become an increasingly scarce commodity at an increasing price.

Work stoppages, labor problems and unexpected shutdowns may limit our operational flexibility and negatively impact our future profits.

A number of employees at our casino properties are covered by collective bargaining agreements. These agreements have staggered expirations over the next several years. We cannot ensure that, upon the expiration of existing collective bargaining agreements, new agreements will be reached without union action or that any such new agreements will be on terms satisfactory to us. The inability to negotiate and enter into a new collective bargaining agreement on favorable terms could result in an increase in our operating expenses or covered employees could strike or engage in other collective behaviors. Any renegotiation of these and other labor agreements could significantly increase our costs for wages, healthcare, pension plans and other benefits, and could have a material adverse effect on the business of our casino properties and our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Any work stoppage at one or more of our casino properties could cause significant disruption of our operations or require us to expend significant funds to hire replacement workers, and qualified replacement labor may not be available at reasonable costs, if at all. Strikes and work stoppages could also result in adverse media attention or otherwise discourage customers from visiting our casino properties. As a result, a strike or other work stoppage at one of our casino properties could have a material adverse effect on the business of our casino properties and our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Any unexpected shutdown of one of our casino properties could have an adverse effect on the business of our casino properties and our results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will be adequately prepared for unexpected events, including political or regulatory actions, which may lead to a temporary or permanent shutdown of any of our casino properties.

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Our reputation and business could be materially harmed as a result of data breaches, data theft, unauthorized access or hacking.

Our success depends, in part, on the secure and uninterrupted performance of our information technology and other systems and infrastructure, including systems to maintain and transmit customers’ personal and financial information, credit card settlements, credit card funds transmissions and mailing lists. We could encounter difficulties in developing new systems, maintaining and upgrading current systems and preventing security breaches. Among other things, our systems are susceptible to outages due to fire, floods, power loss, break-ins, cyber-attacks, network penetration, denial of service attacks and similar events. An increasing number of companies have disclosed breaches of their security, some of which have involved sophisticated and highly targeted attacks on their computer networks. While we have and will continue to implement network security measures and data protection safeguards, our servers and other computer systems are vulnerable to viruses, malicious software, hacking, break-ins or theft, data privacy or security breaches, third-party security breaches, employee error or malfeasance and similar events. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems, change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. If unauthorized parties gain access to our information technology and other systems, they may be able to misappropriate assets or sensitive information (such as personally identifiable information of our customers, business partners and employees), cause interruption in our operations, corruption of data or computers, or otherwise damage our reputation and business. In such circumstances, we could be held liable to our customers or other parties, or be subject to regulatory or other actions for breaching privacy rules. Any compromise of our security could result in a loss of confidence in our security measures, and subject us to litigation, civil or criminal penalties, and negative publicity, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Further, if we are unable to comply with the security standards established by banks and the payment card industry, we may be subject to fines, restrictions, and expulsion from card acceptance programs, which could materially adversely affect our operations.

Our revenues may be negatively impacted by volatility in our hold percentage, and we also face the risk of fraud or cheating.

Casino revenue is recorded as the difference between gaming wins and losses or net win from gaming activities. Net win is impacted by variations in the hold percentage (the ratio of net win to total amount wagered), or actual outcome, on our slots, table games, race and sports betting, and all other games we provide to our customers. We use the hold percentage as an indicator of a game’s performance against its expected outcome. Although each game generally performs within a defined statistical range of outcomes, actual outcomes may vary for any given period. The hold percentage and actual outcome on our games can be impacted by the level of a customer’s skill in a given game, errors made by our employees, the number of games played, faults within the computer programs that operate our slots and the random nature of slot payouts. If our games perform below their expected range of outcomes, our cash flow may suffer.

In addition, gaming customers may attempt or commit fraud or otherwise cheat in order to increase their winnings. Acts of fraud or cheating could involve the use of counterfeit chips or other tactics and could include collusion with our employees. Internal acts of cheating could also be conducted by employees through collusion with dealers, surveillance staff, floor managers or other casino or gaming area staff. Failure to discover such acts or schemes in a timely manner could result in losses in our gaming operations, which could be substantial. In addition, negative publicity related to such schemes could have an adverse effect on our reputation, thereby materially adversely affecting our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Our business is geographically concentrated, which subjects us to greater risks from changes in local or regional conditions.

We currently operate casinos solely in Nevada and in Flintstone, Maryland, and conduct our distributed gaming (including tavern gaming in our wholly-owned taverns) business solely in Nevada and Montana. Due to this geographic concentration, our results of operations and financial condition are subject to greater risks from changes in local and regional conditions, such as:

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Some of our casino properties and most of our tavern properties largely cater to the local markets and depend on the local markets for customers. Competition for local customers in Las Vegas in particular has historically been intense. Local competitive risks and our failure to attract a sufficient number of guests, gaming customers and other visitors in these locations could adversely affect our business. In addition, the number of visitors to our Nevada casino properties may be adversely affected by increased transportation costs, the number and frequency of flights into or out of Las Vegas, and capacity constraints of the interstate highways that connect our casino properties with the metropolitan areas in which our customers reside.

As a result of the geographic concentration of our businesses, we face a greater risk of a negative impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects in the event that any of the geographic areas in which we operate is more severely impacted by any such adverse condition, as compared to other areas in the United States.

We may experience seasonal fluctuations that could significantly impact our quarterly operating results.

We may experience seasonal fluctuations that could significantly impact our quarterly operating results. Our casinos and distributed gaming businesses in Nevada have historically experienced lower revenues during the summer as a result of fewer tourists due to higher temperatures, as well as increased vacation activity by local residents. Rocky Gap typically experiences higher revenues during summer months and may be significantly adversely impacted by inclement weather during winter months. Our Nevada distributed gaming operations typically experience higher revenues during the fall which corresponds with several professional sports seasons. Our Montana distributed gaming operations typically experience higher revenues during the winter months due to the inclement weather in the state and less opportunity for outdoor activities, in addition to the impact from professional sports seasons. While other factors like unemployment levels, market competition and the diversification of our business may either offset or magnify seasonal effects, some seasonality is likely to continue, which could result in significant fluctuation in our quarterly operating results.

Our success depends in part on our ability to acquire, enhance, and/or introduce successful gaming concepts and game content, and we may be unable to obtain slots or related technology from our third party suppliers on a timely, cost-effective basis.

Our business is heavily dependent on revenue generated by the games, particularly slots, we offer to our customers. We source games and game content through third-party suppliers, and currently rely on a limited number of suppliers for our slots and related technology. We believe that creative and appealing game content, innovative game concepts and licensed brands produce more revenue for our casinos and other gaming locations and provide them with a competitive advantage, which in turn enhances our revenue and our ability to attract new business and to retain existing business. There can be no assurance that we will be able to sustain the acceptance of our existing game content or effectively obtain from third parties game content or licensed brands that will be widely accepted by our customers, or that we will be able to obtain slots or related technology on a cost-effective basis. There can be no assurance that our third party suppliers will be able to produce new creative and appealing game content, innovative game concepts, and licensed brands in the future that will be widely accepted by our customers. As a result, we may be forced to incur significant unanticipated costs to secure alternative third party suppliers or adjust our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The success of our distributed gaming business is dependent on our ability to renew our contracts.

We conduct the majority of our distributed gaming business under space lease, revenue share and participation contracts with third parties. Contracts with chain store and street customers are renewable at the option of the owner

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of the applicable chain store or street account. As our distributed gaming contracts expire, we are required to compete for renewals. If we are unable to renew a material portion of our space lease, revenue share and participation contracts, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We cannot assure you that our existing space lease, revenue share and participation contracts will be renewed on reasonable or comparable terms, or at all.

Our business and stock price may be adversely affected if our internal controls are not effective.

We have previously reported material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the registrant’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As discussed in Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures,” the material weakness identified as of December 31, 2016 was that account reconciliations were not consistently prepared on a timely basis and subjected to proper review and written approval by a person not involved in their preparation. Based upon the remediation actions described in such section, management has concluded that such material weakness has been remediated as of December 31, 2017. Although we believe we have taken appropriate actions to remediate the control deficiencies we have identified and to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting, we cannot assure you that we will not discover other material weaknesses in the future. The existence of one or more internal control deficiencies could result in errors in our financial statements, and substantial costs and resources may be required to rectify internal control deficiencies. If we cannot produce reliable financial reports, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly, we may be unable to obtain additional financing to operate and expand our business, and our business, financial condition and prospects could be harmed.

We may be subject to litigation which, if adversely determined, could expose us to significant liabilities, damage our reputation and result in substantial losses.

From time to time, we are involved in a variety of lawsuits, claims, investigations and other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings concerning labor and employment matters, personal injury claims, breach of contract claims, commercial disputes, business practices, intellectual property, tax and other matters. See Part I, Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Legal Proceedings” for additional information. Certain litigation claims may not be covered entirely or at all by our insurance policies, or our insurance carriers may seek to deny coverage. In addition, litigation claims can be expensive to defend and may divert our attention from the operations of our businesses. Further, litigation involving visitors to our properties, even if without merit, can attract adverse media attention.

We evaluate all litigation claims and legal proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, we establish reserves and/or disclose the relevant litigation claims or legal proceedings, as appropriate. These assessments and estimates are based on the information available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of management judgment. We caution you that actual outcomes or losses may differ materially from those envisioned by our current assessments and estimates. As a result, litigation can have a significant adverse effect on our businesses and, because we cannot predict the outcome of any action, it is possible that adverse judgments or settlements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We depend on a limited number of key employees who would be difficult to replace.

We depend on a limited number of key personnel to manage and operate our business, including our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Operating Officer and our Chief Strategy and Financial Officer. We believe our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel. The competition for these types of personnel is intense and we compete with other potential employers for the services of our employees. As a result, we may not succeed in hiring and retaining the executives and other employees that we need. An inability to hire quality employees or the loss of key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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Our executive officers and directors own or control a large percentage of our common stock, which permits them to exercise significant control over us.

As of December 31, 2017, after giving effect to the underwritten public offering that was completed in January 2018, our executive officers and directors and entities affiliated with them would have owned, in the aggregate, approximately 34% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly, these shareholders will be able to substantially influence all matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions and the composition of our Board of Directors. This concentration of ownership may also delay, defer or even prevent a change in control of our company and would make some transactions more difficult or impossible without their support. Circumstances may arise in which the interests of these shareholders could conflict with the interests of our other shareholders.

Our shareholders are subject to extensive governmental regulation and, if a shareholder is found unsuitable by a gaming authority, that shareholder would not be able to beneficially own our common stock directly or indirectly. Our shareholders may also be required to provide information that is requested by gaming authorities and we have the right, under certain circumstances, to redeem a shareholder’s securities; we may be forced to use our cash or incur debt to fund redemption of our securities.

Gaming authorities may, in their sole and absolute discretion, require the holder of any securities issued by us to file applications, be investigated, and be found suitable to own our securities if they have reason to believe that the security ownership would be inconsistent with the declared policies of their respective states. Gaming authorities have very broad discretion in determining whether an applicant should be deemed suitable. Subject to certain administrative proceeding requirements, gaming authorities have the authority to deny any application or limit, condition, restrict, revoke or suspend any license, registration, finding of suitability or approval, or fine any person licensed, registered or found suitable or approved, for any cause deemed reasonable by the gaming authorities. The applicant must pay all costs of investigation incurred by the gaming authorities in conducting any such investigation. In evaluating individual applicants, gaming authorities typically consider the individual’s reputation for good character and criminal and financial history, and the character of those with whom the individual associates. If any gaming authority determines that a person is unsuitable to own our securities, then, under the applicable gaming laws and regulations, we can be sanctioned, including the loss of our privileged licenses or approvals, if, without the prior approval of the applicable gaming authority, we conduct certain business with the unsuitable person or fail to redeem the unsuitable person’s interest in our securities or take such other action with respect to the securities held by the unsuitable person as the applicable gaming authority requires.

For example, under Nevada gaming laws, each person who acquires, directly or indirectly, beneficial ownership of any voting security, or beneficial or record ownership of any non-voting security or any debt security, in a public corporation which is registered with the Nevada Gaming Commission, or the Gaming Commission, may be required to be found suitable if the Gaming Commission has reason to believe that his or her acquisition of that ownership, or his or her continued ownership in general, would be inconsistent with the declared public policy of Nevada, in the sole discretion of the Gaming Commission. Any person required by the Gaming Commission to be found suitable shall apply for a finding of suitability within 30 days after the Gaming Commission’s request that he or she should do so and, together with his or her application for suitability, deposit with the Nevada Gaming Control Board, or the Control Board, a sum of money which, in the sole discretion of the Control Board, will be adequate to pay the anticipated costs and charges incurred in the investigation and processing of that application for suitability, and deposit such additional sums as are required by the Control Board to pay final costs and charges.

Furthermore, any person required by a gaming authority to be found suitable, who is found unsuitable by the gaming authority, may not hold directly or indirectly the beneficial ownership of any voting security or the beneficial or record ownership of any nonvoting security or any debt security of any public corporation which is registered with the gaming authority beyond the time prescribed by the gaming authority. A violation of the foregoing may constitute a criminal offense. A finding of unsuitability by a particular gaming authority impacts that person’s ability to associate or affiliate with gaming licensees in that particular jurisdiction and could impact the person’s ability to associate or affiliate with gaming licensees in other jurisdictions.

Many jurisdictions also require any person who acquires beneficial ownership of more than a certain percentage of voting securities of a gaming company and, in some jurisdictions, non-voting securities, typically 5%, to report the acquisition to gaming authorities, and gaming authorities may require such holders to apply for qualification or a

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finding of suitability, subject to limited exceptions for “institutional investors” that hold a company’s voting securities for investment purposes only. For example, under Nevada gaming laws, any person who acquires more than 5% of our voting power must report the acquisition to the Gaming Commission. Nevada gaming regulations also require that beneficial owners of more than 10% of our voting power apply to the Gaming Commission for a finding of suitability within 30 days after the Chairman of the Nevada Board mails written notice requiring such filing. Further, an “institutional investor,” as defined in the Nevada gaming regulations, that acquires more than 10%, but not more than 25%, of our voting power may apply to the Gaming Commission for a waiver of such finding of suitability if such institutional investor holds our voting securities for investment purposes only. Similarly, under Maryland gaming laws, as interpreted by the Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Commission, or the Maryland Commission, any person who acquires 5% or more of our voting securities must report the acquisition to the Maryland Commission and apply for a “Principal Employee” (if an individual) or “Principal Entity” (if an entity) license, both of which require a finding of qualification, or seek an institutional investor waiver. The granting of a waiver rests with the discretion of the Maryland Commission. Further, we may not sell or otherwise transfer in an issuer transaction more than 5% of the legal or beneficial interest in Rocky Gap without the approval of the Maryland Commission, after the Maryland Commission determines that the transferee is qualified or grants the transferee an institutional investor waiver.

Our Articles of Incorporation require our shareholders to provide information that is requested by authorities that regulate our current or proposed gaming operations. Our Articles of Incorporation also permit us to redeem the securities held by persons whose status as a security holder, in the opinion of our Board of Directors, jeopardizes our existing gaming licenses or approvals. The price paid for these securities is, in general, the average closing price for the 30 trading days prior to giving notice of redemption.

In the event a shareholder’s background or status jeopardizes our current or proposed gaming licensure, we may be required to redeem such shareholder’s securities in order to continue gaming operations or obtain a gaming license. This redemption may divert our cash resources from other productive uses and require us to obtain additional financing which, if in the form of equity financing, would be dilutive to our shareholders. Further, any debt financing may involve additional restrictive covenants and further leveraging of our fixed assets. The inability to obtain additional financing to redeem a disqualified shareholder’s securities may result in the loss of a current or potential gaming license.

We expect our stock price to be volatile, and you may lose some or all of your investment.

The market price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile. The market price of our common stock may be significantly affected by many factors, including:

Any of these events may cause the market price of our common stock to fall. In addition, the stock market in general has experienced significant volatility, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock regardless of our operating performance.

Future sales of our common stock could lower our stock price and dilute existing shareholders.

In January 2018, the SEC declared effective a universal shelf registration statement with the SEC for the future sale of up to $150 million in aggregate amount of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units and the resale of up to approximately 8.0 million shares of our common stock held by the selling securityholders named therein. The securities may be offered from time to time, separately or together, directly by us or through

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underwriters, dealers or agents at amounts, prices, interest rates and other terms to be determined at the time of the offering. For example, in January 2018, certain of the named selling securityholders completed the resale of 6.5 million shares of our common stock and we completed the sale of 975,000 newly issued shares of our common stock in an underwritten public offering pursuant to this shelf registration statement.

We may also issue additional shares of common stock to finance future acquisitions through the use of equity. For example, we issued approximately 4.0 million shares of our common stock in connection with the American Acquisition in October 2017 (all of which shares were resold in the secondary public offering in January 2018), and approximately 8.5 million shares of our common stock in connection with the acquisition of Sartini Gaming in July 2015 (of which approximately 1.0 million shares were resold in the secondary public offering in January 2018). In addition, a substantial number of shares of our common stock is reserved for issuance upon the exercise of stock options and other equity awards pursuant to our employee benefit plans. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future sales and issuances of shares of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued in connection with the acquisition of Sartini Gaming, upon the exercise of stock options and warrants or in connection with acquisition financing), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock. In addition, these sales may be dilutive to existing shareholders.

Our future results may differ materially from the unaudited pro forma financial results that we have disclosed.

The pro forma financial results that we have disclosed with respect to the American Acquisition have been presented for illustrative purposes only, were based on various adjustments, assumptions and preliminary estimates and may not be an indication of our financial condition or results of operations following the American Acquisition for several reasons. Our actual financial condition and results of operations following the American Acquisition may not be consistent with, or evident from, these pro forma financial results. In addition, the assumptions used in preparing the pro forma financial results may not prove to be accurate, and other factors may affect our financial condition or results of operations following the American Acquisition. Any potential decline in our financial condition or results of operations may cause significant declines in our stock price.

Provisions in our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws or our senior secured credit facilities may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control or prevent an acquisition of our business at a premium price.

Some of the provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and our Bylaws and Minnesota law could discourage, delay or prevent an acquisition of our business, even if a change in control would be beneficial to the interests of our shareholders and was made at a premium price. These provisions:

Although we have amended our Bylaws to provide that Section 302A.671 (Control Share Acquisitions) of the Minnesota Business Corporation Act does not apply to or govern us, we remain subject to 302A.673 (Business Combinations) of the Minnesota Business Corporation Act, which generally prohibits us from engaging in business combinations with any “interested” shareholder for a period of four years following the shareholder’s share acquisition date, which may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. In addition, our senior secured credit facilities provide for an event of default upon the occurrence of certain specified change of control events.

Not applicable.

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Company Headquarters

We lease a 41,000 square foot building in Las Vegas, Nevada, which houses our company headquarters and a portion of which we have sub-leased. The lease for our office headquarters building is with a related party and expires on July 31, 2025. See Note 15, Related Party Transactions, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information on our transactions with related parties.

Casinos

Stratosphere: We own the approximately 34 acres of land on which the Stratosphere is located (of which approximately 17 acres are undeveloped and reserved for future development).

Arizona Charlie’s Decatur: We own the approximately 17 acres of land on which our Arizona Charlie’s Decatur casino property is located. In addition, we lease office, storage and laundry space for our Arizona Charlie’s Decatur casino property in an adjacent shopping center. The lease is with an unrelated party and expires in 2097.

Arizona Charlie’s Boulder: We own the approximately 24 acres of land on which our Arizona Charlie’s Boulder casino property is located.

Aquarius: We own the approximately 18 acres of land on which the Aquarius casino property is located (of which approximately 1.6 acres are undeveloped and reserved for future development).

Pahrump Casinos: We own the approximately 40 acres of land on which Pahrump Nugget is located (of which approximately 20 acres are undeveloped and reserved for future development) and the approximately 35 acres of land on which our Lakeside Casino & RV Park is located. Our Gold Town Casino is located on four leased parcels of land, comprising approximately nine acres in the aggregate. The leases are with unrelated third parties and have various expiration dates beginning in 2026 (for the parcel on which our main casino building is located, which we lease from a competitor), and we sublease approximately two of the acres to an unrelated third party.

Rocky Gap: We lease the approximately 270 acres in the Rocky Gap State Park on which Rocky Gap is situated from the Maryland DNR pursuant to a 40-year operating ground lease. The lease expires in 2052, with an option to renew for an additional 20 years. We own the 170,000 square foot Rocky Gap building.

All of our owned and leased real property for our casino properties, along with substantially all of the assets of the casino properties, are subject to liens securing all of our obligations under our senior secured credit facilities (subject to receipt of certain approvals).

Distributed Gaming

We lease our 57 branded tavern locations under non-cancelable operating leases. As of December 31, 2017, the terms of our tavern leases ranged from one to 15 years, with various renewal options from one to 15 years. Four of our tavern locations were leased from related parties as of December 31, 2017. See Note 15, Related Party Transactions, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information on our transactions with related parties. 

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From time to time, we are involved in a variety of lawsuits, claims, investigations and other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings concerning labor and employment matters, personal injury claims, breach of contract claims, commercial disputes, business practices, intellectual property, tax and other matters for which we have recorded $1.5 million for claims as of the date of this filing. Although lawsuits, claims, investigations and other legal proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the resolution of our currently pending matters should not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Regardless of the outcome, legal proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. In addition, it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more such proceedings could in the future materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity in a particular period.

In February and April 2017, several former employees filed two separate purported class action lawsuits against us in the District Court of Clark County, Nevada, and on behalf of similarly situated individuals employed by us in the State of Nevada. The lawsuits allege we violated certain Nevada labor laws including payment of an hourly wage below the statutory minimum wage without providing a qualified health insurance plan and an associated failure to pay proper overtime compensation. The complaints seek, on behalf of the plaintiffs and members of the putative class, an unspecified amount of damages (including punitive damages), injunctive and equitable relief, and an award of attorneys’ fees, interest and costs. In the second half of 2017, we agreed to settle the first of these two cases, subject to court approval. The second case is in the discovery phase.

In February 2018, a prior guest of the Stratosphere filed a purported class action complaint against us in the United States District Court, District of Nevada, on behalf of similarly situated individuals and entities that paid the Clark County Combined Transient Lodging Tax (“Tax”) on the portion of a resort fee that constitutes charges for Internet access, during the period of February 6, 2014 through the date the alleged conduct ceases. The lawsuit alleges that the Tax was charged in violation of the federal Internet Tax Freedom Act, which imposes a national moratorium on the taxation of Internet access by states and their political subdivisions, and seeks, on behalf of the plaintiff and the putative class, damages equal to the amount of the Tax collected on the Internet access component of the resort fee, injunctive relief, disgorgement, interest, fees and costs. We have not yet been served with the complaint. In the event, a complaint is served on us, we anticipate being accorded a stay to respond in connection with an agreement that other hotel casino operators have entered into with regard to case consolidation while the federal court reviews subject matter jurisdiction. This case is at an early stage in the proceedings, and we are therefore unable to make a reasonable estimate of the probable loss or range of losses, if any, that might arise from this matter.

While legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and no assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of any of the above matters, based on management’s current understanding of the relevant facts and circumstances, we believe that these proceedings should not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Not applicable. 

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PART II

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the ticker symbol GDEN. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported by NASDAQ:

As of March 14, 2018, there were approximately 240 shareholders of record of our common stock.

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the proceeds received from the sale of the Jamul Note, net of related costs, were distributed on July 14, 2016 in a special dividend of cash in the aggregate amount of approximately $23.5 million to shareholders that held shares as of the Record Date for such dividend (other than shareholders that had waived their right to receive such dividend in connection with the Merger). See Note 3, Merger and Acquisitions, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information. Other than the special cash dividend of the net proceeds received from the sale of the Jamul Note, we have neither declared nor paid any cash dividends with respect to our common stock and the current policy of the Board of Directors is to retain all future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and development of our business. The payment of any other cash dividends in the future will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon such factors as our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, our general business condition and any other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. In addition, the terms of our senior secured credit facilities restrict our ability to declare or pay dividends on our common stock.

No repurchases of our common stock were made during the fourth quarter of 2017.

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The Selected Financial Data presented below should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Selected consolidated statement of operations data and consolidated balance sheet data are derived from our consolidated financial statements. 

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The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to the historical information, certain statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements based on current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of certain events may differ significantly from those projected in such forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding forward-looking statements.

Overview

We own and operate a diversified entertainment platform, consisting of a portfolio of gaming assets that focus on resort casino operations and distributed gaming (including tavern gaming in our wholly-owned taverns).

We conduct our business through two reportable operating segments: Casinos and Distributed Gaming. In our Casinos segment, we own and operate eight resort casino properties in Nevada and Maryland. Our Distributed Gaming segment involves the installation, maintenance and operation of slots and amusement devices in non-casino locations such as grocery stores, convenience stores, liquor stores, restaurants, bars and taverns in Nevada and Montana, and the operation of wholly-owned branded taverns targeting local patrons located primarily in the greater Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan area.

Casinos

On October 20, 2017, we completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding equity interests of American from its former equity holders for aggregate consideration consisting of $781.0 million in cash (subject to certain post-closing adjustments) and the issuance by us of 4,046,494 shares of our common stock to ACEP Holdings, a former American equity holder. Pursuant to the post-closing adjustment provisions in the purchase agreement, the cash portion of the consideration paid in the American Acquisition was subsequently increased to $787.6 million. The American Acquisition added four Nevada resort casino properties to our casino portfolio, including the Stratosphere in Las Vegas. The results of operations of American and its subsidiaries have been included in our results subsequent to that date. See Note 3, Merger and Acquisitions, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

We own and operate eight resort casino properties in Nevada and Maryland, comprising the Stratosphere, Arizona Charlie’s Decatur and Arizona Charlie’s Boulder in Las Vegas, Nevada, the Aquarius in Laughlin, Nevada, Pahrump Nugget, Gold Town Casino and Lakeside Casino & RV Park in Pahrump, Nevada, and Rocky Gap in Flintstone, Maryland.

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Distributed Gaming

Our Distributed Gaming segment involves the installation, maintenance and operation of slots and amusement devices in non-casino locations such as grocery stores, convenience stores, liquor stores, restaurants, bars and taverns in Nevada and Montana. In addition, we operate wholly-owned branded taverns with slots, which target local patrons, primarily in the greater Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan area. We place our slots and amusement devices in locations where we believe they will receive maximum customer traffic, generally near a store’s entrance. As of December 31, 2017, our distributed gaming operations comprised approximately 10,900 slots in over 1,000 locations.

Our wholly-owned branded taverns offer a casual, upscale environment catering to local patrons offering superior food, craft beer and other alcoholic beverages, and typically include 15 onsite slots. As of December 31, 2017, we operated 57 wholly-owned branded taverns, which offered a total of over 920 onsite slots. Most of our taverns are located in the greater Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan area and cater to local patrons seeking more convenient entertainment establishments than traditional casino properties. Our tavern brands include PT’s Gold, PT’s Pub, Sierra Gold, Sean Patrick’s, PT’s Place, PT’s Ranch, PT’s Brewing Company, Sierra Junction and SG Bar. We also opened our first brewery in Las Vegas, PT’s Brewing Company, during the first quarter of 2016 to produce craft beer for our taverns and casinos.

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Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016

Net Revenues

The $106.6 million, or 26%, increase in net revenues resulted primarily from increases of $68.3 million and $21.1 million in gaming revenues and food and beverage revenues, respectively, as well as the inclusion of net revenues of American from and after October 20, 2017.

The $82.0 million, or 84%, increase in net revenues related to our Casinos segment resulted primarily from increases of $49.3 million and $16.3 million in “same-store” gaming and room revenues, respectively, as well as the inclusion of net revenues from the resort casino properties we acquired in the American Acquisition from and after October 20, 2017. Additionally, net revenues from Rocky Gap increased $4.0 million due to greater parking capacity to accommodate peak demand days and marketing enhancements that better cater to our gaming customers.

The $24.3 million, or 8%, increase in net revenues related to our Distributed Gaming segment resulted primarily from five new taverns in the Las Vegas Valley during 2017, as well as a full year of revenues from the five taverns we opened in 2016. Additionally, net revenues in 2017 included a full year of revenues from the Montana distributed gaming businesses we acquired in January and April 2016.

Operating Expenses

The $53.4 million, or 18%, increase in operating expenses resulted primarily from increases of $29.3 million and $15.3 million in gaming expenses and food and beverage expenses, respectively, the inclusion of a full year of

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operating expense from the Montana distributed gaming businesses we acquired in January and April 2016, as well as operating expenses related to the resort casino properties acquired in the American Acquisition on October 20, 2017.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The $35.4 million, or 52%, increase in selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses resulted primarily from increases in share-based compensation ($5.1 million and $3.6 million related to stock options and restricted stock units, respectively), salaries and bonus ($3.3 million), marketing and advertising ($0.9 million) and building and rent ($1.7 million), which were partially offset by a decrease in professional fees ($1.2 million). Additionally, the increases reflected the inclusion of $23.6 million in SG&A related to American from and after October 20, 2017, as well as the opening of five new taverns in the Las Vegas Valley in 2017.

Within our Casinos segment, SG&A expenses increased $20.3 million, or 93%, resulting primarily from the inclusion of SG&A related to American from and after October 20, 2017. The majority of the SG&A expenses in this segment comprised marketing and advertising, building and rent expense, bonus and payroll taxes. SG&A expenses at Rocky Gap did not change significantly year-over-year.

Within our Distributed Gaming segment, SG&A expenses increased $0.7 million or 3%, primarily due to the opening of five new taverns in the Las Vegas Valley in 2017, the inclusion of a full year of SG&A from the Montana distributed gaming businesses we acquired in January and April 2016, and the opening of five taverns in 2016, partially offset by a decrease year-over-year in professional fees and equipment rental. The majority of SG&A expenses in this segment comprised payroll taxes, building and rent expense, professional fees and equipment rental.

Corporate-level SG&A increased $14.6 million, or 64% primarily due to an increase of $1.3 million in professional fees and $3.6 million in payroll and related expenses, and the inclusion of $3.2 million of corporate-level SG&A related to American from and after October 20, 2017.

Acquisition and Merger Expenses

Acquisition and merger expenses during 2017 primarily related to the American Acquisition, and during 2016 primarily related to the Merger. Acquisition and merger expenses consisted primarily of financial advisor, legal, accounting and consulting costs.

Preopening Expenses

Preopening expenses consist of labor, food, utilities, training, initial licensing, rent and organizational costs incurred. Non-capital costs associated with the opening of tavern and casino locations are also expensed as preopening expenses as incurred.

During 2017, preopening expenses related primarily to costs incurred in the opening of new tavern locations in the Las Vegas Valley. During 2016, preopening expenses related primarily to costs incurred in connection with the Montana Acquisitions and the opening of new tavern locations in the Las Vegas Valley.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation increased $11.1 million, or 55%, due primarily to depreciation of the assets acquired in the American Acquisition, as well as a full year of depreciation on assets acquired in the Montana Acquisitions.

Amortization of intangibles increased $2.2, or 30%, primarily to intangible assets acquired in the American Acquisition and the Montana Acquisitions.

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Non-Operating Expense, Net

Non-operating expense, net increased $20.1 million, primarily due to a $13.1 million increase in interest expense from the substantially higher level of indebtedness under the new senior secured credit facilities we entered into in October 2017, partially offset by a gain on change in fair value of derivative of $0.2 million. Non-operating expense, net in 2017 also included $1.7 million related to a loss on extinguishment of debt.

Income Taxes

Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was approximately $7.9 million, which resulted from the partial release of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2016 was approximately $4.3 million, attributable primarily to a partial release of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. The effective tax rate was 137.8% for the year ended December 31, 2017, which differed from the federal tax rate of 35% due primarily to the partial release of the valuation allowance, along with the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 was (36.1) %, which differed from the federal tax rate of 35% due to changes in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

As of December 31, 2017, we evaluated all available positive and negative evidence related to our ability to utilize our deferred tax assets. We considered the expected future book income (losses), taxable loss carryforward potential and other factors in reaching the conclusion that some of the deferred tax assets were expected to be realized, and that therefore, the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets required adjustment.

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015

Net Revenues

The $226.2 million, or 128%, increase in net revenues resulted primarily from the inclusion in 2016 of a full year of net revenues related to the distributed gaming and casino businesses acquired on July 31, 2015 in the Merger (compared to five months of the prior year period), as well as the addition of the distributed gaming businesses acquired in the Montana Acquisitions in the first half of 2016.

The $23.9 million, or 33%, increase in net revenues related to our Casinos segment resulted primarily from the inclusion of a full year of net revenues from the casino businesses acquired in the Merger (compared to five months of the prior year period). The casino properties acquired in the Merger contributed net revenues of $34.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $14.0 million during the prior year period. Additionally, net revenues from Rocky Gap increased $3.7 million, reflecting our expansion of parking capacity to accommodate peak demand days, the addition of approximately 31 slots to the casino floor, and marketing enhancements to better cater to our gaming customers.

The $202.2 million, or 195%, increase in net revenues related to our Distributed Gaming segment resulted primarily from the inclusion of a full year of net revenues from the distributed gaming businesses acquired in the Merger in 2016, as well as net revenues from the distributed gaming businesses acquired in the Montana Acquisitions during the first half of 2016. The Montana Acquisitions added approximately $47.0 million in net revenues in 2016 from approximately 2,900 slots and over 1,000 amusement games across approximately 300 locations. The net revenues related to our Distributed Gaming segment during 2015 related solely to Sartini Gaming’s distributed gaming business for the five months subsequent to the completion of the Merger.

Operating Expenses

The $169.5 million, or 140%, increase in operating expenses resulted primarily from the inclusion of a full year of operating expenses related to the distributed gaming and casino businesses acquired in the Merger (compared to five months of the prior year period), and operating expenses from the distributed gaming businesses acquired in the Montana Acquisitions, which were completed during the first half of 2016. The increase in operating expenses in our Casinos segment in 2016 was related primarily to the inclusion of a full year of gaming, food and beverage and other operating expenses at our Pahrump, Nevada casinos acquired in the Merger. The increase in operating

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expenses related to our Distributed Gaming segment in 2016 was a result of the inclusion of a full year of gaming, food and beverage, rooms and other operating expenses at our taverns and third party locations.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The $29.4 million, or 76%, increase in SG&A expenses resulted primarily from the inclusion of a full year of SG&A expenses related to the distributed gaming and casino businesses acquired on July 31, 2015 in the Merger, as well as the addition of the distributed gaming businesses acquired during the first half of 2016 in the Montana Acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2016, SG&A expenses included payroll and related expenses of $26.4 million (including share-based compensation of $3.9 million), marketing and advertising expenses of $3.5 million, building and rent expense of $15.7 million and professional fees of $5.9 million. Share-based compensation expense increased during the year ended December 31, 2016 due primarily to $0.9 million of additional expense related to the 1,494,475 stock options and 141,296 restricted stock units granted during the year (including reversal of expense for forfeitures), $0.5 million in incremental expense related to the acceleration of unvested stock options related to terminated employees and $0.9 million of incremental expense recorded for the equitable anti-dilutive adjustments made to the exercise prices of outstanding vested and unvested stock options during the period in accordance with our equity incentive plans. For the year ended December 31, 2015, SG&A expenses included payroll and related expenses of $16.0 million (including share-based compensation), marketing and advertising expenses of $3.4 million, building and rent expense of $10.3 million and professional fees of $3.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2016, corporate-level SG&A was $19.8 million compared to $11.4 million in the prior year period.

Within our Casinos segment, SG&A expenses were $22.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $18.3 million for the prior year period. The increase in 2016 resulted primarily from the completion of the Merger on July 31, 2015, which resulted in the inclusion of a full year of SG&A expenses related to Sartini Gaming’s Pahrump casinos for the year ended December 31, 2016 (compared to five months of the prior year period). The majority of the SG&A expense at our Pahrump casinos was derived from payroll and related costs, building and rent expense, and promotions for our customers. SG&A expenses at Rocky Gap casino were $13.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $16.4 million for the prior year period. The decrease in SG&A expenses at Rocky Gap was a result of cost reduction efforts in marketing and advertising, building expenses, and payroll and related costs.

Within our Distributed Gaming segment, SG&A expenses were $23.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $9.0 million for the prior year period. The increase in 2016 resulted primarily from the completion of the Merger on July 31, 2015, which resulted in the inclusion of a full year of SG&A expenses related to Sartini Gaming’s distributed gaming businesses for the year ended December 31, 2016 (compared to five months of the prior year period), as well as SG&A expenses related to the distributed gaming businesses acquired in the Montana Acquisitions, which were consummated during the first half of 2016. SG&A expenses related to the Montana Acquisitions were approximately $0.8 million due primarily to building and rent expense, as well as professional fees. The majority of the segment’s SG&A expense was derived from insurance and payroll and related costs, as well as building and rent expense specifically at the taverns. The addition of five new taverns during 2016 accounted for incremental SG&A expense for the Distributed Gaming segment compared to the prior year.

Merger Expenses

We incurred approximately $0.6 million in transaction-related costs associated with the Merger and our obligations under the Merger Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $11.5 million during the prior year period. Merger expenses consisted primarily of financial advisor, legal, accounting and consulting costs.

Preopening Expenses

During the year ended December 31, 2016, preopening expenses were $2.5 million, which related primarily to costs incurred in connection with the Montana Acquisitions and new tavern locations in Las Vegas, Nevada. During the year ended December 31, 2015, preopening expenses were $0.4 million in connection with new tavern locations in Las Vegas, Nevada.

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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation increased $11.7 million, or 138%, due primarily to depreciation of the assets acquired pursuant to the Merger, as well as assets acquired in the Montana Acquisitions. Amortization of intangibles increased $5.0 million, or 217%, related primarily to intangible assets acquired in the Merger and the Montana Acquisitions,.

Non-Operating Expense, Net

Non-operating expense, net was $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $3.8 million for the prior year period. The decrease in non-operating expense, net, was driven primarily by a $3.7 million increase in interest expense in 2016 compared to the prior year period, related to our entering into a new senior secured credit facility in July 31, 2015 in connection with the Merger and the incurrence of indebtedness thereunder, offset by a gain on sale of land held for sale of $4.5 million. Non-operating expense, net for 2015 included $1.2 million related to a loss on extinguishment of debt.

Income Taxes

Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2016 was approximately $4.3 million, attributed primarily to a partial release of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. The release was the result of positive evidence that we will more likely than not be able to utilize some of our deferred tax assets. Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2015 was approximately $10.0 million, primarily related to the partial release of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets resulting from the assumption of a $14.7 million net deferred tax liability generated from intangible assets acquired in the Merger. Our effective tax rate was (36.1) % for the year ended December 31, 2016, which differed from the federal tax rate of 35% due to the release in valuation allowance in the fourth quarter of 2016. Our effective tax rate was (68.4)% for the year ended December 31, 2015, which differed from the federal tax rate of 35% due to the $10.2 million release of the valuation allowance and the limitation of the income tax benefit due to the uncertainty of its future realization.

As of December 31, 2016, we evaluated all available positive and negative evidence related to our ability to utilize our deferred tax assets. We considered the expected future book income (losses), taxable loss carryforward potential and other factors in reaching the conclusion that some of the deferred tax assets were expected to be realized, and that therefore, the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets required adjustment.

Non-GAAP Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we use Adjusted EBITDA, a measure we believe is appropriate to provide meaningful comparison with, and to enhance an overall understanding of, our past financial performance and prospects for the future. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to both management and investors by excluding specific expenses and gains that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results. Further, Adjusted EBITDA is a measure of operating performance used by management, as well as industry analysts, to evaluate operations and operating performance and is widely used in the gaming industry. The presentation of this additional information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do. A reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA is provided in the table below.

We define “Adjusted EBITDA” as earnings before interest and other non-operating income (expense), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, preopening expenses, acquisition and merger expenses, share-based compensation expenses, executive severance and sign-on bonuses, gain on revaluation of contingent consideration, class action litigation expenses, gain/loss on disposal of property and equipment or investments, gain on change in fair value of derivative, loss on extinguishment of debt and impairments and other gains and losses.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss):

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2017, we had $90.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and no short-term investments. We currently believe that our cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements during the next 12 months.

Our operating results and performance depend significantly on national, regional and local economic conditions and their effect on consumer spending. Declines in consumer spending would cause revenues generated in both our Casinos and Distributed Gaming segments to be adversely affected.

To further enhance our liquidity position or to finance any future acquisition or other business investment initiatives, we may obtain additional financing, which could consist of debt, convertible debt or equity financing from public and/or private credit and capital markets. In January 2018, the SEC declared effective our universal shelf registration statement with the SEC for the future sale of up to $150 million in aggregate amount of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units and the resale of up to approximately 8.0 million shares of our common stock held by the selling security holders named therein. The securities may be offered from time to time, separately or together, directly by us or through underwriters, dealers or agents at amounts, prices, interest rates and other terms to be determined at the time of the offering.

In January 2018, subsequent to fiscal year end, we completed an underwritten public offering pursuant to our universal shelf registration statement, in which certain of our shareholders resold an aggregate of 6.5 million shares of our common stock, and we sold 975,000 newly issued shares of our common stock pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional shares. Our net proceeds from the offering were approximately $25.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. We expect to use these net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, capital expenditures, opportunistic acquisitions or working capital.

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Cash Flows

Net cash provided by operating activities was $22.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $37.4 million for the prior year period, which decrease was primarily due to the flow-through effect of lower revenues and timing of working capital spending. Operating cash flows increased $28.1 million in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to the flow-through effect of higher revenues, as well as the timing of working capital spending.

Net cash used in investing activities was $756.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, which included a cash outflow of $724.5 million for the American Acquisition and $29.5 million for capital expenditures. Net cash used in investing activities in 2016 included cash used in the Montana Acquisitions and capital expenditures. In 2015, net cash provided by investing activities was $90.0 million and related primarily to the cash acquired in the Merger, partially offset by the net purchase, maturity and sales of short-term investments.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $777.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $11.4 million for the prior year period. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2017 reflected borrowings of $789.0 million under our new senior secured credit facilities net of repayments under our previous senior secured credit facility. Net cash provided by financing activities in the prior year reflected net borrowings of $36.5 million under our then-existing senior secured credit facility, partly offset by the $23.5 million Special Dividend paid in July 2016. Net cash used in financing activities in 2015 reflected net repayments of $59.6 million under our then-existing senior secured credit facilities, debt issuance costs of $2.8 million and $3.4 million related to the repurchase of warrants related to the Merger.

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

As of December 31, 2017, our senior secured credit facilities consisted of a $900.0 million senior secured first lien credit facility (consisting of $800.0 million in term loans and a $100.0 million revolving credit facility) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as administrative agent and collateral agent), the lenders party thereto and the other entities party thereto (the “First Lien Facility”), and a $200.0 million senior secured second lien term loan facility with Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch (as administrative agent and collateral agent), the lenders party thereto and the other entities party thereto (the “Second Lien Term Loan” and, together with the First Lien Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). As of December 31, 2017, $800.0 million and $200.0 million of term loan borrowings were outstanding under our First Lien Facility and Second Lien Term Loan, respectively, there were no letters of credit outstanding under the First Lien Facility, and our revolving credit facility was undrawn, leaving borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2017 of $100.0 million.

Borrowings under each of the Credit Facilities bear interest, at our option, at either (1) a base rate equal to the greatest of the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, the applicable administrative agent’s prime rate as announced from time to time, or the LIBOR rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, subject to a floor of 1.75% (with respect to the term loans) or 1.00% (with respect to borrowings under the revolving credit facility) or (2) the LIBOR rate for the applicable interest period, subject to a floor of 0.75% (with respect to the term loans only), plus in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin for the term loans under the First Lien Facility is 2.00% for base rate loans and 3.00% for LIBOR rate loans. The applicable margin for borrowings under the revolving credit facility under the First Lien Facility ranges from 1.50% to 2.00% for base rate loans and 2.50% to 3.00% for LIBOR rate loans, based on our net leverage ratio. The applicable margin for the Second Lien Term Loan is 6.00% for base rate loans and 7.00% for LIBOR rate loans. The commitment fee for the revolving credit facility is payable quarterly at a rate of between 0.375% and 0.50%, depending on our net leverage ratio, and is accrued based on the average daily unused amount of the available revolving commitment. As of December 31, 2017, the weighted-average effective interest rate on our outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facilities was approximately 5.1%.

The revolving credit facility under the First Lien Facility matures on October 20, 2022, and the term loans under the First Lien Facility mature on October 20, 2024. The term loans under the First Lien Facility must be repaid in 27 quarterly installments of $2.0 million each, which commence in March 2018, followed by a final installment of $746.0 million at maturity. The term loans under the Second Lien Term Loan must be repaid in full at maturity on October 20, 2025.

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Borrowings under each of the Credit Facilities are guaranteed by each of our existing and future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries (other than certain insignificant or unrestricted subsidiaries), and are secured by substantially all of the present and future assets of Golden and our subsidiary guarantors (subject to certain exceptions).

Under the Credit Facilities, we and our restricted subsidiaries are subject to certain limitations, including limitations on our respective ability to: incur additional debt, grant liens, sell assets, make certain investments, pay dividends and make certain other restricted payments. In addition, we will be required to pay down the term loans under the Credit Facilities under certain circumstances if we or our restricted subsidiaries issue debt, sell assets, receive certain extraordinary receipts or generate excess cash flow (subject to exceptions). The revolving credit facility under the First Lien Facility contains a financial covenant regarding a maximum net leverage ratio that applies when borrowings under the revolving credit facility exceed 30% of the total revolving commitment. The Credit Facilities also prohibit the occurrence of a change of control, which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 50% or more of our capital stock (other than by certain permitted holders, which include, among others, Blake L. Sartini, Lyle A. Berman, Neil I. Sell and certain affiliated entities). If we default under the Credit Facilities due to a covenant breach or otherwise, the lenders may be entitled to, among other things, require the immediate repayment of all outstanding amounts and sell our assets to satisfy the obligations thereunder. We were in compliance with our financial covenants under the Credit Facilities as of December 31, 2017.

Former Senior Secured Credit Facility

In connection with the American Acquisition and the entry into the Credit Facilities, in October 2017 we repaid all principal amounts outstanding under our former credit agreement with Capital One, National Association (as administrative agent) and the lenders named therein (the “Former Credit Agreement”), which amounted to approximately $173.4 million, together with accrued interest. As a result of the repayment and discharge of the Former Credit Facility, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Sale of Jamul Tribe Promissory Note

On December 9, 2015, we sold our $60.0 million Jamul Note to a subsidiary of Penn National for approximately $24.0 million in cash. We had previously determined the fair value of the Jamul Note to be zero as of December 28, 2014. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement and subject to applicable law, we agreed that the proceeds received from the sale of the Jamul Note, net of related costs, would be distributed in a special cash dividend to our shareholders holding shares as of the record date for such dividend (other than shareholders that had waived their right to receive such dividend in connection with the Merger). Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, Sartini Gaming’s former sole shareholder, for itself and any related party transferees of its shares, waived their right to receive such dividend with respect to their shares (which totaled 7,996,393 shares in the aggregate). Also in connection with the Merger, holders of an additional 457,172 shares waived their right to receive such dividend. On June 17, 2016, our Board of Directors approved and declared the Special Dividend to the eligible shareholders of record on the close of business on the Record Date of June 30, 2016 of cash in the aggregate amount of approximately $23.5 million, which was paid on July 14, 2016. The $1.71 per share amount of the Special Dividend was calculated by dividing the aggregate amount of the Special Dividend by 13,759,374 outstanding shares of common stock held by eligible shareholders on the close of business on the Record Date (rounded down to the nearest whole cent per share).

In connection with the Special Dividend and in accordance with our equity incentive plans approved by our shareholders, equitable anti-dilutive adjustments were made to the exercise prices of outstanding stock options to purchase shares of our common stock in order to preserve the value of such stock options following the Special Dividend. Accordingly, effective as of the close of business on the dividend payment date of July 14, 2016, the exercise price of each stock option under our equity incentive plans outstanding on the Record Date was reduced by $1.71 per share. See Note 9, Share-Based Compensation, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information on our anti-dilutive adjustments to the outstanding stock options.

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Other Items Affecting Liquidity

We currently believe that our cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements for the next twelve months. Any additional financing that is needed may not be available to us or, if available, may not be on terms favorable to us. The outcome of the following specific matters, including our commitments and contingencies, may also affect our liquidity.

Commitments, Capital Spending and Development

We perform on-going refurbishment and maintenance at our facilities, of which certain maintenance costs are capitalized if such improvement or refurbishment extends the life of the related asset, while other maintenance costs that do not so qualify are expensed as incurred. The commitment of capital and the related timing thereof are contingent upon, among other things, negotiation of final agreements and receipt of approvals from the appropriate regulatory bodies. We intend to fund such capital expenditures through our revolving credit facility and operating cash flows.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017:

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Other Opportunities

We may investigate and pursue expansion opportunities in our existing or new markets. Such expansions will be influenced and determined by a number of factors, which may include licensing availability and approval, suitable investment opportunities and availability of acceptable financing. Investigation and pursuit of such opportunities may require us to make substantial investments or incur substantial costs, which we may fund through cash flows from operations or borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility. To the extent such sources of funds are not sufficient, we may also seek to raise such additional funds through public or private equity or debt financings or from other sources. No assurance can be given that additional financing will be available or that, if available, such financing will be obtainable on terms favorable to us. Moreover, we can provide no assurances that the investigation or pursuit of an opportunity will result in a completed transaction.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to the application of the acquisition method of accounting, long-lived assets, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, revenue recognition and promotional allowances, income taxes and share-based compensation expenses. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

The following represent our accounting policies that involve the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information regarding our significant accounting policies.

Application of the Acquisition Method of Accounting

The application of the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions in the determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in order to appropriately allocate the purchase price consideration between assets that are depreciated and amortized from goodwill. Accounting for acquisitions requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at their respective fair values as of the date of acquisition. The fair values of identifiable intangible assets are estimated using both the cost approach and an income approach, including the excess earnings, relief from royalty, cost savings method and the with-and-without methods. This requires our management to make significant estimates in determining the fair values, including market participant assumptions, projected financial information, estimates of expected cash flows, brand recognition, customer attrition rates and discount rates. Given the need for such significant judgments, we may engage the assistance of independent valuation firms. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Our estimates of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but are inherently unpredictable and uncertain. During the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record measurement period adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred in our consolidated statement of operations.

On October 20, 2017, we acquired American. We have applied the acquisition method of accounting to this transaction. Our estimation of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the transaction was determined based on certain valuations and analyses that we have yet to finalize, and accordingly, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the American Acquisition are subject to adjustment once we complete such analyses. We may record adjustments to the carrying value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding offset to goodwill during the applicable measurement period, which can be up to one year from the date of the consummation of the acquisition. See Note 3, Merger and Acquisitions, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information regarding the American Acquisition.

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Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets were carried at $895.2 million as of December 31, 2017, comprising 65.6% of our consolidated total assets. We evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If triggering events are identified, we then compare the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of such assets to the carrying value of the assets. Any such assets are not impaired if the undiscounted future cash flows exceed their carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows, then an impairment charge is recorded, typically measured using a discounted cash flow model, which is based on the estimated future results of the relevant reporting unit discounted using our weighted-average cost of capital and market indicators of terminal year free cash flow multiples.

A long-lived asset must be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. Examples include a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which we use the asset, a change in its physical condition, or an unexpected change in financial performance.

We reconsider changes in circumstances on a frequent basis, as well as whenever a triggering event related to potential impairment has occurred. There are three generally accepted approaches available in developing an opinion of value: the cost, sales comparison and income approaches. We generally consider each of these approaches in developing a recommendation of the fair value of the asset; however, the reliability of each approach is dependent upon the availability and comparability of the market data uncovered, as well as the decision-making criteria used by market participants when evaluating an asset. We will bifurcate our investment and apply the most indicative approach to overall fair valuation, or in some cases, a weighted analysis of any or all of these methods. Given the need for significant judgements in conducting such valuations, we may engage the assistance of independent valuation firms.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

We review indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill for impairment annually during our fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We can opt to perform a qualitative assessment to test a reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment or we can directly perform the two-step impairment test. Based on the qualitative assessment, if we determine that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50 percent) to be less than its carrying amount, the two-step impairment test will be performed.

In the first step of the impairment test, the current fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using a discounted cash flow model which is then compared to the carrying value of each reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value in step 1 of the impairment test, then step 2 of the impairment test is performed to determine the implied fair value of goodwill for that reporting unit. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the goodwill allocated for that reporting unit, an impairment loss is recognized.

We consider our Nevada and Montana gaming licenses as indefinite-lived intangible assets that do not require amortization based on our future expectations to operate our gaming facilities indefinitely as well as our historical experience in renewing these intangible assets at minimal cost. We consider our trade names related to our Nevada casinos and taverns as indefinite-lived intangible assets that do not require amortization based on our future expectations to operate our casinos and taverns indefinitely under these trade names. Rather, these intangible assets are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, by comparing the fair value of the recorded assets to their carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds their fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. We complete our testing of our intangible assets prior to assessing our goodwill for possible impairment.

The evaluation of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets requires the use of estimates about future operating results of each reporting unit to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and the indefinite-lived intangible assets. We must make various assumptions and estimates in performing our impairment testing. The implied fair value includes estimates of future cash flows (including an allocation of our projected rental obligation to our reporting units) that are based on reasonable and supportable assumptions which represent our best estimates

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of the cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets including their eventual disposition. Changes in estimates, increases in our cost of capital, reductions in transaction multiples, changes in operating and capital expenditure assumptions or application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from our estimates. If our ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, we may have to record impairment charges in future accounting periods. Our estimates of cash flows are based on the current regulatory and economic climates, recent operating information and budgets of the various properties where we conduct operations. These estimates could be negatively impacted by changes in federal, state or local regulations, economic downturns, or other events affecting our properties.

Forecasted cash flows (based on our annual operating plan as determined in the fourth quarter) can be significantly impacted by the local economy in which our reporting units operate. For example, increases in unemployment rates can result in decreased customer visitations and/or lower customer spend per visit. In addition, the impact of new legislation which approves gaming in nearby jurisdictions or further expands gaming in jurisdictions where our reporting units currently operate can result in opportunities for us to expand our operations. However, it also has the impact of increasing competition for our established properties which generally will have a negative effect on those locations’ profitability once competitors become established, as some erosion of revenues occurs absent an overall increase in customer visitations. Lastly, increases in gaming taxes approved by state regulatory bodies can negatively impact forecasted cash flows.

Assumptions and estimates about future cash flow levels and multiples by individual reporting units are complex and subjective. They are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors, such as industry, geopolitical and economic trends, and internal factors, such as changes in our business strategy, which may reallocate capital and resources to different or new opportunities which management believes will enhance our overall value but may be to the detriment of an individual reporting unit. 

Our annual goodwill impairment analysis, performed using the qualitative assessment option as of the first day of the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017, resulted in a conclusion that it was more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values. As a result, we concluded that the two-step goodwill impairment test was not necessary. Additionally, none of our reporting units incurred goodwill impairment charges during 2016. If future operating results of our reporting units do not meet current expectations, it could cause carrying values of our reporting units to exceed their fair values in future periods, potentially resulting in a goodwill impairment charge.

Revenue Recognition and Promotional Allowances

We generally enter into three types of slot and amusement device placement contracts as part of our distributed gaming business: space lease, revenue share and participation agreements. Under space lease agreements, we pay a fixed monthly rental fee for the right to install, maintain and operate our slots at a business location. Under revenue share agreements, we pay the business location a percentage of the gaming revenue generated from our slots placed at the location, rather than a fixed monthly rental fee. With regard to both space lease and revenue share agreements, we hold the applicable gaming license to conduct gaming at the location (although revenue share locations are required to obtain separate regulatory approval to receive a percentage of the gaming revenue). Under participation agreements, the business location holds the applicable gaming license and retains a percentage of the gaming revenue that it generates from our slots. In Montana, our slot and amusement device placement contracts are all revenue share agreements.

Gaming revenue, which is defined as the difference between gaming wins and losses, is recognized as wins and losses occur from gaming activities. The retail value of rooms, food and beverage, and other services furnished to customers without charge, including coupons for discounts when redeemed, is included in gross revenues and then deducted as a promotional allowance. The estimated cost of providing such promotional allowances is included in gaming expenses.

Food, beverage, and retail revenues are recorded at the time of sale. Room revenue is recorded at the time of occupancy. Sales taxes and surcharges collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged off through a provision for uncollectible accounts.

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Income Taxes 

The determination of our income tax-related account balances requires the exercise of significant judgment by management. Accordingly, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Management assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and establishes a valuation allowance when management believes recovery is not likely.

We record estimated penalties and interest related to income tax matters, including uncertain tax positions, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

We have various share-based compensation programs, which provide for equity awards such as stock options and restricted stock units. We use the straight-line method to recognize compensation expense associated with share-based awards based on the fair value on the date of grant. Expense is recognized over the requisite service period related to each award, which is the period between the grant date and the award’s stated vesting term. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Management makes several assumptions to determine the inputs into the Black-Scholes option pricing model, including our volatility and expected term assumptions which can significantly affect the fair value of stock options. For restricted stock units, compensation expense is calculated based on the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Changes in the assumptions can materially affect the estimate of the fair value of share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. The extent of the impact will depend, in part, on the extent of awards in any given year. All of our stock compensation expense is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Regulation and Taxes

The casino and distributed gaming industries are subject to extensive regulation by state gaming authorities. Changes in applicable laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on us.

The gaming industry represents a significant source of tax revenues to regulators. From time to time, various federal and state legislators and officials have proposed changes in tax law, or in the administration of such law, affecting the gaming industry. It is not possible to determine the likelihood of possible changes in tax law or in the administration of such law. Such changes, if adopted, could have a material adverse effect on our future financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. See the “Regulation” section included in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of applicable regulations.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

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Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate risk associated with our variable rate long-term debt. As of December 31, 2017, approximately 99% of our indebtedness for borrowed money accrued interest at a variable rate, which primarily comprised our indebtedness under the Credit Facilities.

As of December 31, 2017, we had $800.0 million in principal amount of outstanding borrowings under the First Lien Facility, and $200.0 million in principal amount of outstanding borrowings under the Second Lien Term Loan. Our primary interest rate under the Credit Facilities is the Eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin. As of December 31, 2017, the weighted-average effective interest rate on our outstanding borrowings under the First Lien Facility was approximately 4.4%, and under the Second Lien Term Loan was approximately 8.3%. Assuming the outstanding balance under our Credit Facilities remained constant over a year, a 50 basis point increase in the applicable interest rate would increase interest incurred, prior to effects of capitalized interest, by $5.0 million over a twelve-month period.

As of December 31, 2017, our investment portfolio included $90.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and a de minimis amount of short-term investments.

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GOLDEN ENTERTAINMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

on CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

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GOLDEN ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GOLDEN ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(In thousands, except per share data) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GOLDEN ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(In thousands)