GRAHAM CORP - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022

or

For the transition period from _____________ to ___________.

Commission File Number 001-08462

GRAHAM CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code 585-343-2216

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on the NYSE Stock Market on September 30, 2021, was approximately $124.2 million.

As of June 2, 2022, the number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding was 10,602,605 shares.

Table of Contents

GRAHAM CORPORATION

Annual Report on Form 10-K

Year Ended March 31, 2022

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements for purposes of this report. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any future results implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are indicated by words such as "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "may," "might," "intend," "expect," "plan," "predict," "project," "encourage," "potential," "should," "will," and similar words and expressions.

Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and there are certain important factors that could cause our actual results to differ, possibly materially, from expectations or estimates reflected in such forward-looking statements including those described in the "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this report. Undue reliance should not be placed on our forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time and we cannot predict these events or how they may affect us and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on our forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. When considering these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements contained in this report and any documents incorporated herein by reference. You should read this document and the documents that we reference in this Form 10-K completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K are made only as of the date indicated or as of the date of this Form 10-K. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or announce any revisions to forward-looking statements contained in this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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PART I

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share data)

Item 1. Business

Graham Corporation ("we," "us," "our" or the "Company") is a global leader in the design and manufacture of mission critical fluid, power, heat transfer and vacuum technologies for the defense, space, energy and process industries. For the defense industry, our equipment is used in nuclear and non-nuclear propulsion, power, fluid transfer, and thermal management systems. For the space industry our equipment is used in propulsion, power and energy management systems and for life support systems. Our energy and new energy markets include oil refining, cogeneration, and multiple alternative and clean power applications including hydrogen. For the chemical and petrochemical industries, our equipment is used in fertilizer, ethylene, methanol and downstream chemical facilities. We design and manufacture custom-engineered vacuum, heat transfer, pump and turbomachinery technologies.

Our corporate headquarters is located in Batavia, New York. We have production facilities co-located with our headquarters in Batavia. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Barber-Nichols, LLC ("BN") is based in Arvada, Colorado (see "Acquisition" below). We also have wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, Graham Vacuum and Heat Transfer Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. ("GVHTT"), located in Suzhou, China and Graham India Private Limited ("GIPL"), located in Ahmedabad, India. GVHTT provides sales and engineering support for us in the People's Republic of China and management oversight throughout Southeast Asia. GIPL serves as a sales and market development office focusing on the refining, petrochemical and fertilizer markets in India.

We were incorporated in Delaware in 1983 and are the successor to Graham Manufacturing Co., Inc., which was incorporated in New York in 1936. Our stock is traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "GHM".

Acquisition - On June 1, 2021, we acquired BN, a privately-owned designer and manufacturer of turbomachinery products for the aerospace, cryogenic, defense and energy markets. The acquisition included BN’s new, 43,000 square foot manufacturing plant, which is part of their 96,000 square foot leased facility in Arvada, Colorado. We believe that this acquisition furthers our growth strategy through market and product diversification, broadened our offerings to the defense and energy markets, and strengthened our presence in the defense sector.

Our Products, Customers and Markets

We manufacture critical, custom-engineered products with high quality and reliability including:

Our products are used in a wide range of applications, including:

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Our principal customers include tier one and tier two suppliers to the defense and aerospace industry, large engineering companies that build installations for companies in the energy and process industries (or Engineering Procurement Contractors (“EPCs”), and original equipment manufacturers ("OEM"). A representative list of our customers include: Aerojet Rocketdyne, Air Liquide, Applied Research Laboratory, Aramco, Bechtel Plant Machinery Inc., Boeing, CERN, China State-owned Refiners, Cummins, DuPont, Dow Chemical, General Atomics, General Dynamics, General Electric, ExxonMobil, Fluor Corporation, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., Kairos Power, Koch Fertilizer ENID LLC, Lockheed Martin, MHI Compressor International Corporation, NASA, Newport News Shipbuilding, Northrop Grumman, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Raytheon Technologies, SAIC, Sierra Space, U.S. Navy, and Virgin Orbit.

Our products are sold by a team of sales engineers whom we employ directly. Two customers each accounted for more than 10% of our revenue in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 ("Fiscal 2022"). As a result of our diversification efforts to more extensively support the U.S. Navy and the acquisition of BN, we have increased our concentration in domestic and defense sales in 2022. Domestic sales accounted for 80% of total sales in fiscal 2022, while sales to the defense industry were 51%.

Our backlog at March 31, 2022 was $256,536 compared with $137,567 at March 31, 2021. BN comprised $117,769 of this backlog at March 31, 2022.

Our Strengths

Our core strengths include:

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Our Strategy

Our mission: Build Better Companies to Deliver Superior Performance. We currently have strategies that address our two operations which are in different phases of their business cycle.

For Graham Manufacturing in Batavia, which is in the midst of evolution and change, we are executing a four-step strategy as follows:

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Our near and mid-term strategy for BN focuses on continued development and growth to deliver on our long-term goal of achieving a full lifecycle product strategy. Elements include:

Executed effectively, we believe our strategies will create more enduring, recurring opportunities and profitable growth.

Competition

Our business is highly competitive. The principal bases on which we compete include technology, price, performance, reputation, delivery, and quality. Our competitors listed in alphabetical order by market include:

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Intellectual Property

Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our proprietary technologies. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret laws and contractual confidentiality provisions to establish and protect our proprietary rights. We also depend heavily on the brand recognition of the Graham name in the marketplace.

Availability of Raw Materials

Historically, we have not been materially adversely impacted by the availability of raw materials. However, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic and supply chain disruptions, we have seen upward pricing pressure on parts and raw materials. This has also resulted in increased operational challenges from workplace disruptions and restrictions on the movement of raw materials and goods, both at our own facilities and at our customers and suppliers, leading to increases in prices and freight costs. As discussed more fully in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this report, the raw materials that we source come from a wide variety of domestic and international suppliers. Global sourcing of many of the products we sell is an important factor in our financial results. Disruptions in our supply chain, especially for an extended period of time, could impact our ability to meet customer requirements and our financial performance could be materially and adversely impacted.

Inflation has accelerated in the U.S. and globally due in part to global supply chain issues, a rise in energy prices, labor shortages, and strong consumer demand as economies continue to reopen from restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The inflationary environment has increased the cost of our raw materials and labor which impacted our financial results, especially given that a large percentage of our contracts are fixed price in nature. To help mitigate this risk, we place orders for raw materials when the purchase orders are received from the customer to lock-in raw material pricing.

Working Capital Practices

Our business does not require us to carry significant amounts of inventory or materials beyond what is needed for work in process. We negotiate progress payments from our customers on our large projects to finance costs incurred. We do not provide rights to return goods, or payment terms to customers that we consider to be extended in the context of the industries we serve. We do provide for warranty claims, which historically have not had a material impact on our results of operations.

Government and Environmental Regulation

We are subject to a variety of laws, rules and regulations in numerous jurisdictions within the United States and in each of the countries where we conduct business. These laws, rules and regulations cover several diverse areas including environmental matters, employee health and safety, data and privacy protection, and anti-trust provisions. We are committed to conducting our business in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Compliance with governmental regulations did not have a material impact on our financial results during fiscal 2022, and is not expected to have, a material impact on our capital expenditures, results of operations or competitive position.

We believe that a focus on environmental stewardship is fundamental and integral to the work we do every day to serve our customers, create value for our stockholders, and benefit our global community. We have taken steps at both our business units in Batavia, New York and Arvada, Colorado to improve energy efficiencies and air quality that are intended to lessen our impact on the environment. We do not expect environmental costs or contingencies to be material or to have a material adverse effect on our financial performance. Due to risks in these areas, we cannot provide assurance that we will not incur material costs or liabilities in the future which could adversely affect us.

Seasonality

No material part of our business is seasonal in nature. However, our energy business is highly cyclical in nature as it depends on the willingness of our customers to invest in major capital projects. To help mitigate this risk, we have taken steps to diversify our business into the defense industry including the acquisition of BN. For fiscal 2022, sales to the defense industry accounted for 51% of our total sales compared to 25% for the twelve month period ending March 31, 2021 ("Fiscal 2021"). Conversely, sales to the refining industry, which are more cyclical in nature, represented 20% of revenue in fiscal 2022 compared to 41% in fiscal 2021.

Research and Development Activities

During fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 ("Fiscal 2020"), we spent $3,845, $3,367 and $3,353, respectively, on research and development ("R&D") activities. The majority of our R&D is funded by our customers and is specific to help solve our customers’ problems in order to improve efficiencies, address challenging environments or caustic materials, or redesign for form and function. Additionally, we may be engineering new products and services for our customers. We also continually look to improve existing products and services.

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Human Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2022, we had 491 employees. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good.

At Graham, we believe our most important asset is our people. We are committed to fostering and embracing a Graham community in which employees share a mutual understanding and respect for each other. Our pledge to diversity and equality encompasses our commitment to create a work environment which embraces inclusion regardless of race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, genetic information, marital status, amnesty, pregnancy, childbirth, disability, veteran status, or medical conditions.

Corporate Governance and Available Information

We maintain a website located at www.grahamcorp.com. On our website, we provide a link to the SEC website that contains the reports, proxy statements and other information we file electronically. Printed copies of all documents we file with the SEC are available free of charge for any stockholder who makes a request. Such requests should be made to our Corporate Secretary at our corporate headquarters. The other information found on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business and operations are subject to numerous risks, many of which are described below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If any of the events described below or elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K occur, our business and results of operations could be harmed. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us, or which we currently deem to be immaterial, could also harm our business and results of operations.

Risks Related to the Impacts of Macroeconomic Events

Our business, financial condition and results of operations have been and may continue to be adversely affected by global public health issues, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations have been and may continue to be adversely affected if the COVID-19 pandemic, or another global health crisis, impacts our employees, suppliers, customers, financing sources or others’ ability to conduct business or negatively affects consumer and business confidence or the global economy. The COVID-19 health crisis has affected large segments of the global economy, including the markets we operate in, disrupted global supply chains, resulted in significant travel and transport restrictions, and created significant disruption of the financial markets. Economic uncertainty as a result of any global health crisis could negatively affect our business, suppliers, distribution channels, and customers, including as a result of business shutdowns or disruptions for an indefinite period of time, reduced operations, restrictions on shipping, fabricating or installing products, reduced consumer demand or customers’ ability to make payments. We have and may continue to experience additional operating costs due to increased challenges with our workforce (including as a result of illness, absenteeism or government orders), implementing further precautionary measures to protect the health of our workforce, increased project cancellations or projects put on hold, access to supplies, capital, and fundamental support services (such as shipping and transportation). Any resulting financial impact cannot be fully estimated at this time, but may materially affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Due to a potential COVID-19 reduction in throughput capacity, certain contracts in our backlog may experience delayed shipment. We accept contracts that contain provisions for a buyer to recover liquidated damages if our delivery is past contractual delivery dates, and such liquidated damages claimed by a customer could adversely affect financial performance.

In addition, we operate and compete globally and the response to the COVID-19 pandemic by domestic and foreign governments has been and may continue to be varied and those differences may impact our competitiveness. Our operating subsidiaries are located in China and India, and those countries’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have varied from the United States’ response. There are uncertain political climates in the regions where our subsidiaries operate, and governmental action in those regions may result in the temporary closure or limited operations of our subsidiaries. Government assistance during a pandemic may also differ between private and public companies, which may provide an advantage to one compared with another. This may affect our competitive position and could disrupt the market access and success of our business compared with other current or new competitors which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operation.

The extent to which our operations may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or any global health situation will depend largely on future developments which are highly uncertain and we are unable to predict the ultimate impact that it may have on our business, future results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Even while government restrictions and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have lessened, we may experience materially adverse impacts to our business due to any resulting supply chain disruptions, economic recession or depression. Furthermore, the impacts of a potential worsening of global economic conditions and the continued disruptions to and volatility in the financial markets remain unknown. Our management team has, and will likely continue to, spend significant time, attention and resources monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and seeking to manage its effects on our business and workforce.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also exacerbate other risks discussed in this section, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. This pandemic is still ongoing and additional impacts may arise that we are not aware of currently.

Disruptions or delays in our supply chains could adversely affect our results of operations and financial performance.

The raw materials that we source come from a wide variety of domestic and international suppliers. Global sourcing of many of the products we sell is an important factor in our financial results. Disruptions in our supply chain, especially for an extended period of time, could impact our ability to meet customer requirements and our financial performance could be materially and adversely impacted.

Rising inflation may result in increased costs of operations and negatively impact the credit and securities markets generally, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the market price of our common stock.

Inflation has accelerated in the U.S. and globally due in part to global supply chain issues, the Ukraine-Russia war, a rise in energy prices, and strong consumer demand as economies continue to reopen from restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. An inflationary environment can increase our cost of labor, as well as our other operating costs, which may have a material adverse impact on our financial results. In addition, economic conditions could impact and reduce the number of customers who purchase our products

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or services as credit becomes more expensive or unavailable. Although interest rates have increased and are expected to increase further, inflation may continue. Further, increased interest rates could have a negative effect on the securities markets generally which may, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

Risks Related to our Business

We may experience customer concentration risk related to strategic growth for U.S. Navy projects.

The acquisition of BN has changed the composition of the Company’s end market mix. For fiscal 2022, sales to the defense industry were 51% of our business compared with just 25% of sales to the defense industry in fiscal 2021. While these projects are spread across multiple contractors for the U.S. Navy, the end customer for these projects is the same. This concentration of business could add additional risk to us should there be a disruption, short or long term, in the funding for these projects or our participation in the U.S. Navy Nuclear Propulsion program.

The size of our contracts with the U.S. Navy may produce volatility in short term financial results.

We believe our strategy to increase the penetration of U.S. Navy related opportunities, which are often much larger contracts than our commercial contracts, can, on occasion, be delayed before or during the revenue recognition cycle. If we are unable to reallocate resources to other projects, we may see an increase in volatility in our near-term financial results and may impact our ability to effectively provide accurate investor guidance.

Efforts to reduce large U.S. federal budget deficits could result in government cutbacks or shifts in focus in defense spending or in reduced incentives to pursue alternative energy projects, resulting in reduced demand for our products, which could harm our business and results of operations.

Our business strategy calls for us to continue to pursue defense-related projects as well as projects for end users in the alternative energy markets in the U.S. In recent years, the U.S. federal government has incurred large budget deficits. In the event that U.S. federal government defense spending is reduced or alternative energy related incentives are reduced or eliminated in an effort to reduce federal budget deficits, projects related to defense or alternative energy may become less plentiful. The impact of such reductions could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations, as well as our growth opportunities.

U.S. Navy orders are subject to annual government funding. A disruption in funding could adversely impact our business.

One of our growth strategies is to increase our penetration of U.S. Navy-related opportunities. Projects for the U.S. Navy and its contractors generally have a much longer order-to-shipment time period than our commercial orders. The time between the awarding of an order to the completion of shipment can take three to seven years. Annual government funding is required to continue the production of this equipment. Disruption of government funding, short or long term, could impact the ability for us to continue our production activity on these orders. Since this business is expected to increase as a percentage of our overall business, such a disruption, should it occur, could adversely impact the sales and profitability of our business.

Changes in the competitive environment for U.S. Navy procurement could adversely impact our ability to grow this portion of our business.

Over the past few years, we have expanded our business and the opportunities where we bid related to U.S. Navy projects. This has increased our market share and caused an adverse share position for some of our competitors for these products. Competitor response to our market penetration is possible. Our customers may also raise concerns about their supplier concentration issues and the risk exposure related to this concentration. As the U.S. Navy is looking to expand its fleet, there is also a risk that their facilities, their supply chain or our supply chain for raw materials, may not be able to support this expansion. This could adversely impact our ability to grow this portion of our business. Further, the bidding process related to these U.S. Navy projects requires us to devote a certain amount of time and resources to prepare bids and proposals and there is no assurance that we will recoup those investments.

Contract liabilities for large U.S. Navy contracts may be beyond our normal insurance coverage and a claim could have an adverse impact on our financial results.

We are diligent at managing ongoing risks related to projects and the requirements of our customers. In addition, we secure business insurance coverage to minimize the impact of a major failure or liability related to our customers. Due to certain U.S. government procurement policies, we may take on the risk of a liability for large U.S. Navy projects in excess of our insurance coverage and at a level which is higher than our commercial projects. A claim related to one of these projects could have an adverse impact on our financial results.

New technology used by the ships for the U.S. Navy may delay projects and may impact our ability to grow this portion of our business.

Certain U.S. Navy vessels are implementing new technologies, unrelated to any of the equipment that we provide. If there is a complication or delay to any ship caused by this new technology, it may delay the procurement and fabrication of future vessels, which could have a negative impact on our business.

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Lapses in U.S. government appropriations have occurred, and any future lapses could disrupt U.S. export processing and related procedures and, as a result, may materially and adversely affect our revenue, results of operations and business.

The U.S. has previously experienced lapses in federal appropriations, which had, in the past, a short-term effect on our business. Any such future lapse (each, a "Government Shutdown") could negatively affect our ability to ship finished products to customers. We rely on federal government personnel, who are not able to perform their duties during a Government Shutdown, to conduct routine business processes related to the inspection and delivery of our products, process export licenses for us and perform other services for us that, when disrupted, may prevent us from timely shipping products outside the U.S. If we are unable to timely ship our products outside the U.S., there could be a material adverse impact on our results of operations and business. Moreover, our inability to ship products, or the perception by customers that we might not be able to timely ship our products in the future, may cause such customers to look to foreign competitors to fulfill their demand. If our customers look to foreign competitors to source equipment of the type we manufacture, there could be a material adverse impact on our results of operations and business.

Zero defect and other unfavorable provisions in government contracts, some of which are customary, may subject our business to material limitations, restrictions and uncertainties and may have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results.

Government contracts contain provisions that provide the U.S. government with substantial rights and remedies, many of which are not typically found in commercial contracts, including provisions that allow the U.S. government to inspect our products and unilaterally determine whether additional work is required to be completed to remedy any deemed deficiencies; to terminate existing contracts, in whole or in part, for any reason or no reason; unilaterally reduce or modify the government’s obligations under such contracts without our consent; decline to exercise an option to continue a contract or exercise an option to purchase only the minimum amount, if any, specified in a contract; take actions that result in a longer development timeline than expected; and change the course of a program in a manner that differs from the contract’s original terms or from our desired plan.

Generally, government contracts, including our contracts with the U.S. Navy, contain provisions permitting unilateral termination or modification, in whole or in part, at the U.S. government’s convenience. Under general principles of government contracting law, if the U.S. government terminates a contract for convenience, the government contractor may recover only its incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the U.S. government terminates a contract for default, the government contractor is entitled to recover costs incurred and associated profits on accepted items only and may be liable for excess costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items from another source. In addition, government contracts normally contain additional requirements that may increase our costs of doing business, reduce our profits, and expose us to liability for failure to comply with these terms and conditions. These requirements include, for example, unilateral inspection rights and the requirement that we complete additional work to remedy any deemed deficiency; specialized accounting systems unique to government contracts; mandatory financial audits and potential liability for price adjustments or recoupment of government funds after such funds have been spent; mandatory internal control systems and policies; and mandatory socioeconomic compliance requirements, including labor standards, non-discrimination and affirmative action programs and environmental compliance requirements. If we fail to maintain compliance with these requirements, we may be subject to potential contract liability and to termination of our government contracts.

Furthermore, any agreements and subcontracts with third parties, including suppliers, consultants and other third-party contractors that we enter into in order to satisfy our contractual obligations pursuant to our agreements with the U.S. government must also be compliant with the terms of our government contract. Negotiating and entering into such arrangements can be time-consuming and we may not be able to reach agreement with such third parties. Any delay or inability to enter into such arrangements or entering into such arrangements in a manner that is non-compliant with the terms of our government contract, may result in violations of our contract.

The markets we serve include the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries. These industries are both highly cyclical in nature and dependent on the prices of crude oil and natural gas. As a result, volatility in the prices of oil and natural gas may negatively impact our operating results.

A portion of our revenue is derived from the sale of our products to companies in the chemical, petrochemical, and petroleum refining industries, or to firms that design and construct facilities for these industries. These industries are highly cyclical, and are subject to the prices of crude oil and natural gas. The prices of crude oil and natural gas have historically had periods when they have been very volatile, as evidenced by the extreme volatility in oil prices over the past few years such as the volatility related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine-Russia war. During times of significant volatility in the market for crude oil or natural gas, our customers often refrain from placing orders until the market stabilizes and future demand projections are clearer. If our customers refrain from placing orders with us, our revenue would decline and there could be a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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As a result of recent adverse supply-side and demand-side disruptions, our commercial customers in these markets confront competing budget priorities and may have more limited resources for the types of products and services we provide. As a result, there may be fewer projects available for us to compete for and the pricing environment is anticipated to remain challenging.

We believe that over the long-term, demand for our products will expand in the petrochemical, petroleum refining and power generating industries. A sustained deterioration in any of the industries we serve would materially harm our business and operating results because our customers would not likely have the resources necessary to purchase our products, nor would they likely have the need to build additional facilities or improve existing facilities.

The relative costs of oil, natural gas, nuclear power, hydropower and numerous forms of alternative energy production, and transitions in consumer demand toward different types of energy, may have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.

Global and regional energy supply comes from many sources, including oil, natural gas, coal, hydro, nuclear, solar, wind, geothermal and biomass, among others. A cost or supply shift among these sources could negatively impact our business opportunities. A demand shift, where technological advances or consumer preferences favor the utilization of one or a few sources of energy may also impact the demand for our products. Changes in consumer demand, including some driven by governmental and political preferences, toward electric, compressed natural gas, hydrogen vehicles and other alternative energy may impact our business. We have products which can support certain technologies, while other technologies will not require our equipment. If demand shifts in a manner that increases energy utilization outside of our traditional customer base or expertise, our business and financial results could be materially adversely affected. In addition, governmental policy can affect the relative importance of various forms of energy sources. For example, non-fossil based sources may receive government tax incentives to foster investment. If these incentives become more prominent, our business and results of operations could suffer.

Climate change and greenhouse gas regulations may affect our customers’ investment decisions.

Due to concern over the risk of climate change, a number of countries have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These restrictions may affect our customers' abilities and willingness to invest in new facilities or to re-invest in current operations. These requirements could impact the cost of our customers’ products, lengthen project implementation times, and reduce demand for hydrocarbons, as well as shift hydrocarbon demand toward lower-carbon sources. Any of the foregoing could adversely impact the demand for our products, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our future success may be affected by our current and future indebtedness.

Under our loan agreements, as of March 31, 2022, we had $18,500 outstanding under our term loan with Bank of America, N.A ("Bank of America"). We may borrow additional funds in the future to support our growth and working capital needs. Pursuant to our loan agreements with Bank of America, we are required to provide financial information and reports while complying with other financial covenants. At December 31, 2021, we were out of compliance with our bank agreement covenants and were granted a waiver for noncompliance by Bank of America. Additionally, on March 31, 2022 and June 7, 2022, we entered into amendment agreements with Bank of America. These agreements placed additional restrictive covenants on the Company and increased our borrowing costs. In the future, should we again be out of compliance with our bank agreement, there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain additional waivers or renegotiate our credit facilities in a timely manner, on acceptable terms or at all. If we were not able to obtain a covenant waiver under our debt facilities or renegotiate such facilities, we could be in default of such agreements, and in the event of such default our lender could demand immediate repayment of amounts outstanding. There can be no assurance that we would have sufficient cash, or be able to raise sufficient debt or equity capital, or divest assets, to refinance or repay such facility or facilities in the event of such demand. As a result, the failure to obtain covenant waivers or renegotiate our facilities as described above would have a material adverse effect on us and our ability to service our debt obligations.

Our business is highly competitive. If we are unable to successfully implement our business strategy and compete against entities with greater resources than us or against competitors who have a relative cost advantage, we risk losing market share to current and future competitors.

We encounter intense competition in all of our markets. Some of our present and potential competitors may have substantially greater financial, marketing, technical or manufacturing resources. Our competitors may also be able to respond more quickly to new technologies or processes and changes in customer demands and they may be able to devote greater resources towards the development, promotion and sale of their products. Certain competitors may also have a cost advantage compared to us due to their geography or changes in relative currency values and may compete against us based on price. This may affect our ability to secure new business and maintain our level of profitability. As our markets continue to grow, and new market opportunities expand, we could see a shift in pricing as a result of facing competitors with lower production costs, which may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial results. In addition, our current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that increase their ability to address the needs of our customers.

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Moreover, customer buying patterns can change if customers become more price sensitive and accepting of lower cost suppliers. If we cannot compete successfully against current or future competitors, our business will be materially adversely affected.

Customer focus on short-term costs versus prioritizing quality and brand recognition, could harm our business and negatively impact our financial results.

Although we have long-term relationships with many of our end use customers and with many engineering, procurement and construction companies, the project management requirements, pricing levels and costs to support each customer and customer type are often different. Our customers have historically focused on the quality of the engineering and product solutions which we have provided to them, which may come at a higher cost. Because our customers are unable to predict the length of the time period for the economic viability of their plants, there has been more of a focus on relative importance of cost versus quality which looks at short-term costs instead of total long-term cost of operations.

In addition, customers in emerging markets which are driving global demand growth may also place less emphasis on our high quality and brand name than do customers in the U.S. and certain other industrialized countries where we compete. If we are forced to compete for business with customers that place less emphasis on quality and brand recognition than our current customers, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

A change in the structure of our markets, including through consolidation, could harm our business and negatively impact our financial results.

There are strong and long-standing relationships throughout the supply chain between the many parties involved in serving the end user of our products. A change in the landscape between engineering and procurement companies, original equipment suppliers, others in the supply chain, and/or with the end users could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. These changes, or others, might occur through industry consolidations such as mergers, acquisitions or other business partnerships, and could have a material impact on our business and negatively impact our financial results.

The loss of, or significant reduction or delay in, purchases by our largest customers could reduce our revenue and adversely affect our results of operations.

While we may have only one or two customers that represent over 10% of revenue in any one year, a small number of customers have accounted for a substantial portion of our historical net sales. For example, sales to our top ten customers, who can vary each year, accounted for 42%, 63% and 48% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2022, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively. We expect that a limited number of customers will continue to represent a substantial portion of our sales for the foreseeable future. The loss of any of our major customers, a decrease or delay in orders or anticipated spending by such customers, or a delay in the production of existing orders could materially adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

Our acquisition strategy may not be successful or may increase business risk.

The success of our acquisition strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to identify suitable companies or businesses to purchase and then successfully negotiate and close acquisition transactions. In addition, our success depends in part on our ability to integrate acquisitions and realize the anticipated benefits from combining the acquisition with our historical business, operations and management. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to complete any acquisitions and then successfully integrate the business and operations of those acquisitions without encountering difficulties, including unanticipated costs, issues or liabilities, difficulty in retaining customers and supplier or other relationships, failure to retain key employees, diversion of our management’s attention, failure to integrate information and accounting systems or establish and maintain proper internal control over financial reporting. Moreover, as part of the integration process, we must incorporate an acquisition’s existing business culture and compensation structure with our existing business. We also need to utilize key personnel who may be distracted from the core business. If we are not able to efficiently integrate an acquisition’s business and operations into our organization in a timely and efficient manner, or at all, the anticipated benefits of the acquisition may not be realized, or it may take longer to realize these benefits than we currently expect, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

We may not achieve all the intended benefits of the acquisition of BN and could subject us to unknown and unforeseen liabilities.

We completed the acquisition of BN in June 2021 and have already begun experiencing many of the benefits from the acquisition. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to realize every intended benefit of the transaction. There are many challenges associated with integrating an acquisition such as BN, including those associated with the integration of operations, retention of key management and other employees with historically different cultures and priorities, the diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business concerns while addressing integration matters, retaining existing business and operational relationships including customers, suppliers and others, unanticipated issues in integrating information technology, communications and other systems, as well as unforeseen expenses associated with the integration.

In addition, BN may have unknown liabilities, including, but not limited to, product liability, workers’ compensation liability, tax liability and liability for improper business practices. Although we are entitled to indemnification from the sellers of BN for these

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and other matters, we could experience difficulty enforcing those obligations or we could incur material liabilities for the past activities of BN. Such liabilities and related legal or other costs could harm our business or results of operations.

We have foreign operations and a percentage of our sales occur outside of the U.S. As a result, we are subject to the economic, political, regulatory and other risks of international operations.

For fiscal 2022, 20% of our revenue was from customers located outside of the U.S. Moreover, through our subsidiaries, we maintain a sales office in China and a sales and market development office in India. We intend to continue to expand our international operations to the extent that suitable opportunities become available. Our foreign operations and sales could be adversely affected as a result of:

The impact of potential changes in customs and trade policies and tariffs imposed by the U.S. and those imposed in response by other countries, including China, as well as rapidly changing trade relations, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The U.S. government has made proposals that are intended to address trade imbalances, which include encouraging increased production in the United States. These proposals could result in increased customs duties and the renegotiation of some U.S. trade agreements. Changes in U.S. and foreign governments’ trade policies have resulted and may continue to result in tariffs on imports into, and exports from, the U.S. Over the past few years, the U.S. imposed tariffs on imports from several countries, including China, Canada, the European Union and Mexico. In response, China, Canada and the European Union have proposed or implemented their own tariffs on certain exports from the U.S. into those countries. Tariffs affecting our products and product components, including raw materials we use, particularly high-end steel and steel related products, may add significant costs to us and make our products more expensive. Potential future changes in trade policies could result in customers changing their behavior in project procurement, due to uncertainty related to timely execution and/or import and export restrictions. As a result, our products could become less attractive to customers outside the U.S. due to U.S. import tariffs on our raw materials and our profit margins would be negatively impacted. Accordingly, continued tariffs may weaken relationships with certain trading partners and may adversely affect our financial performance and results of operations. When beneficial to us, we may consider alternate sourcing options, including offshore subcontracting, in order to minimize the impact of the tariffs. Because we conduct aspects of our business in China through our subsidiary, potential reductions in trade with China and diminished relationships between China and the U.S., as well as the continued escalation of tariffs, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The operations of our Chinese subsidiary may be adversely affected by China’s evolving economic, political and social conditions.

We conduct our business in China primarily through our wholly-owned Chinese subsidiary. The results of operations and future prospects of our Chinese subsidiary may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in China's political, economic and social conditions, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the relationship between China and its western trade partners, changes in policies of the Chinese government, changes in laws and regulations or in the interpretation of existing laws and

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regulations, changes in foreign exchange regulations, measures that may be introduced to control inflation, such as interest rate increases and changes in the rates or methods of taxation. In addition, changes in demand could result from increased competition from local Chinese manufacturers who have cost advantages or who may be preferred suppliers for Chinese end users. Also, Chinese commercial laws, regulations and interpretations applicable to non-Chinese owned market participants, such as us, are continually changing. These laws, regulations and interpretations could impose restrictions on our ownership or the operation of our interests in China and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Intellectual property rights are difficult to enforce in China and India, which could harm our business.

Chinese commercial law is relatively undeveloped compared with the commercial law in many of our other major markets and limited protection of intellectual property is available in China as a practical matter. Similarly, proprietary information may not be afforded the same protection in India as it is in our other major markets with more comprehensive intellectual property laws. Although we take precautions in the operations of our subsidiaries to protect our intellectual property, any local design or manufacture of products that we undertake could subject us to an increased risk that unauthorized parties will be able to copy or otherwise obtain or use our intellectual property, which could harm our business. We may also have limited legal recourse in the event we encounter patent or trademark infringers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system may adversely affect the operations of our Chinese subsidiary.

Our Chinese subsidiary is subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of laws, rules and policies in China. The Chinese legal system is based on written statutes, and prior court decisions have limited precedential value. Because many laws and regulations are relatively new and the Chinese legal system is still evolving, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform. Moreover, the relative inexperience of China's judiciary in many cases creates additional uncertainty as to the outcome of any litigation, and the interpretation of statutes and regulations may be subject to government policies reflecting domestic political agendas. Finally, enforcement of existing laws or contracts based on existing law may be uncertain and sporadic. For the preceding reasons, it may be difficult for us to obtain timely or equitable enforcement of laws ostensibly designed to protect companies like ours, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Regulation of foreign investment in India may adversely affect the operations of our Indian subsidiary.

Our subsidiary in India is subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in India. India regulates ownership of Indian companies by foreign entities. These regulations may apply to our funding of our Indian operating subsidiary. For example, the government of India has set out criteria for foreign investments in India, including requirements with respect to downstream investments by Indian companies owned or controlled by foreign entities and the transfer of ownership or control of Indian companies in certain industries. These requirements may adversely affect our ability to operate our Indian subsidiary. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any required approvals for future acquisitions, investments or operations in India, or that we will be able to obtain such approvals on satisfactory terms.

Changes in U.S. and foreign energy policy regulations could adversely affect our business.

Energy policy in the U.S. and other countries where we sell our products is evolving rapidly and we anticipate that energy policy will continue to be an important legislative priority in the jurisdictions where we sell our products. It is difficult, if not impossible, to predict the changes in energy policy that could occur, as they may be related to changes in political administration, public policy or other factors. The elimination of, or a change in, any of the current rules and regulations in any of our markets could create a regulatory environment that makes our end users less likely to purchase our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Government subsidies or taxes, which favor or disfavor certain energy sources compared with others, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Near-term income statement impact from competitive contracts could adversely affect our operating results.

During weaker market periods, we may choose to be more aggressive in pricing certain competitive projects to protect or gain market share or to increase the utilization of our facilities. In these situations, it is possible that an incrementally profitable order, while increasing contribution, may be unprofitable from an accounting perspective when including fixed manufacturing costs. In these situations, we are required to recognize the financial loss at the time of order acceptance, or as soon as our cost estimates are updated, whichever occurs first. It is possible we may accumulate losses either on a large project or more than one project such that, in a short time period, for example a reporting quarter, these losses may have a meaningful impact on the earnings for that period.

Our operating results could be adversely affected by customer contract cancellations and delays.

Adverse economic or specific project conditions can lead to a project being placed on hold or cancelled by our customers. We had no projects cancelled in fiscal 2022 or in fiscal 2021. Similarly, we had no projects on hold at March 31, 2022. We attempt to mitigate the risk of cancellation by structuring contracts with our customers to maximize the likelihood that progress payments made to us for individual projects cover the costs we have incurred. As a result, we do not believe we have a significant cash exposure to projects which may be cancelled. Open orders are reviewed continuously through communications with customers. If it becomes evident to us

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that a project is delayed well beyond its original shipment date, management will move the project into "placed on hold" (i.e., suspended) category. Furthermore, if a project is cancelled by our customer, it is removed from our backlog.

The value of our backlog as of March 31, 2022 was $256,536. Our backlog can be significantly affected by the timing of large orders. The amount of our backlog at March 31, 2022 is not necessarily indicative of future backlog levels or the rate at which our backlog will be recognized as sales. Although historically the amount of modifications and terminations of our orders has not been material compared with our total contract volume, customers can, and sometimes do, terminate or modify their orders. This generally occurs more often in times of end market or capital market turmoil. We cannot predict whether cancellations will occur or accelerate in the future. Although certain of our contracts in backlog may contain provisions allowing for us to assess cancellation charges to our customers to compensate us for costs incurred on cancelled contracts, cancellations of purchase orders or modifications made to existing contracts could substantially and materially reduce our backlog and, consequently, our future sales and results of operations. Moreover, delay of contract execution by our customers can result in volatility in our operating results.

Our current backlog contains a number of large orders from the U.S. Navy. In addition, we are continuing to pursue business in this end market which offers large multi-year projects which have an added risk profile beyond that of our historic customer base. A delay, long-term extension or cancellation of any of these projects could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Further, certain defense contracts we secure may be designated a program of highest national priority requiring production preference over commercial orders which could impact our commercial backlog and result in production delays. As a result, commercial customers could seek damages, including liquidated damages, as performance penalties and there may be a negative impact to the willingness of customers to place future orders with us due to a concern that orders may be subordinated to such contracts.

Our customers’ ability and willingness to make progress payments may be impacted by any extended downturn in their markets which could adversely impact their financial stability and increase the risk to us of uncollectable accounts receivables.

The financial strength of our customers can be impacted by a severe or lengthy downturn in their markets which could lead to additional risk in our ability to collect outstanding accounts receivables. We attempt to mitigate this risk with the utilization of progress payments for many projects, but certain industries, end markets and geographies are not as willing to make progress payments. Certain projects require a small portion of the total payments to be held until the customer's facility is fully operational, which can be in excess of one year beyond our delivery of equipment to them. This additional time may add risk to our ability to collect on the outstanding accounts receivables.

Our exposure to fixed-price contracts and the timely completion of such contracts could negatively impact our results of operations.

A substantial portion of our sales is derived from fixed-price contracts, which may involve long-term fixed price commitments by us to our customers. While we believe our contract management processes are strong, we nevertheless could experience difficulties in executing large contracts, including but not limited to, estimating errors, cost overruns, supplier failures and customer disputes. For example, in fiscal 2022, we experienced material cost overruns related to defense contracts at our Batavia, NY facility. To the extent that any of our fixed-price contracts are delayed, our subcontractors fail to perform, contract counterparties successfully assert claims against us, the original cost estimates in these or other contracts prove to be inaccurate or the contracts do not permit us to pass increased costs on to our customers, our profitability may decrease or losses may be incurred which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. For our U.S. Navy projects, these fixed priced contracts have order to shipment periods which can exceed five years. This additional time-based risk, which we believe is manageable, nevertheless increases the likelihood of cost fluctuation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operation.

Given our size and specialization of our business, if we lose any member of our management team and we experience difficulty in finding a qualified replacement, our business could be harmed.

Competition for qualified management and key technical and sales personnel in our industry is intense. Moreover, our technology is highly specialized, and it may be difficult to replace the loss of any of our key technical and sales personnel. Many of the companies with which we compete for management and key technical and sales personnel have greater financial and other resources than we do or are located in geographic areas which may be considered by some to be more desirable places to live. If we are not able to retain any of our key management, technical or sales personnel, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

During certain high demand periods, there can be a shortage of skilled production workers, especially those with high-end welding capabilities. We could experience difficulty hiring or replacing those individuals, which could adversely affect our business.

Our fabrication processes require highly skilled production workers, especially welders. Welding has not been an educational field that has been popular over the past few decades as manufacturing has moved overseas. While we have an in-house weld training program, if we are unable to retain, hire or train an adequate number of individuals with high-end welding capability, this could adversely impact our ability to achieve our financial objectives. In addition, if demand for highly skilled production workers were to significantly

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outstrip supply, wages for these skilled workers could dramatically increase in our and related industries and that could affect our financial performance. Furthermore, should we not be able to expand our production workforce, we would expect to increase the amount of outsourced fabrication which is likely to result in higher costs and lower margins.

If we become subject to product liability, warranty or other claims, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

The manufacture and sale of our products exposes us to potential product liability claims, including those that may arise from failure to meet product specifications, misuse or malfunction of our products, design flaws in our products, or use of our products with systems not manufactured or sold by us. For example, our equipment is installed in facilities that operate dangerous processes and the misapplication, improper installation or failure of our equipment may result in exposure to potentially hazardous substances, personal injury or property damage. In addition, BN produces certain products in large quantities which could also expose us to potential product liability claims.

Provisions contained in our contracts with customers that attempt to limit our damages may not be enforceable or may fail to protect us from liability for damages and we may not negotiate such contractual limitations of liability in certain circumstances. Our insurance may not cover all liabilities and our historical experience may not reflect liabilities we may face in the future. Our risk of liability may increase as we manufacture more complex or larger projects. We also may not be able to continue to maintain such insurance at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, or at all. Any material liability not covered by provisions in our contracts or by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Furthermore, if a customer suffers damage as a result of an event related to one of our products, even if we are not at fault, they may reduce their business with us. We may also incur significant warranty claims which are not covered by insurance. In the event a customer ceases doing business with us as a result of a product malfunction or defect, perceived or actual, or if we incur significant warranty costs in the future, there could be a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

If third parties infringe upon our intellectual property or if we were to infringe upon the intellectual property of third parties, we may expend significant resources enforcing or defending our rights or suffer competitive injury.

Our success depends in part on our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret laws and confidentiality provisions to establish and protect our proprietary rights. If we fail to successfully enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could suffer. We may also be required to spend significant resources to monitor and police our intellectual property rights. Similarly, if we were found to have infringed upon the intellectual property rights of others, our competitive position could suffer. Furthermore, other companies may develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technologies, duplicate or reverse engineer our technologies or design around our proprietary technologies. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

In some instances, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights and protect our proprietary information, or to defend against claims by third parties that our products infringe upon their intellectual property rights. Any litigation or claims brought by or against us, whether with or without merit, could result in substantial costs to us and divert the attention of our management, which could materially harm our business and results of operations. In addition, any intellectual property litigation or claims against us could result in the loss or compromise of our intellectual property and proprietary rights, subject us to significant liabilities, require us to seek licenses on unfavorable terms, prevent us from manufacturing or selling certain products or require us to redesign certain products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We are subject to foreign currency fluctuations which may adversely affect our operating results.

We are exposed to the risk of currency fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the currencies of the countries in which we sell our products to the extent that such sales are not based in U.S. dollars. Currency movements can affect sales in several ways, the foremost being our ability to compete for orders against foreign competitors that base their prices on relatively weaker currencies. Strength of the U.S. dollar compared with the Euro or Asian currencies may put us in a less competitive position. Business lost due to competition for orders against competitors using a relatively weaker currency cannot be quantified. In addition, cash can be adversely impacted by the conversion of sales made by us in a foreign currency to U.S. dollars. While we may enter into currency exchange rate hedges from time to time to mitigate these types of fluctuations, we cannot remove all fluctuations or hedge all exposures and our earnings are impacted by changes in currency exchange rates. In addition, if the counter-parties to such exchange contracts do not fulfill their obligations to deliver the contractual foreign currencies, we could be at risk for fluctuations, if any, required to settle the obligation. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and results of operations. At March 31, 2022, we held no forward foreign currency exchange contracts.

Security threats and other sophisticated computer intrusions could harm our information systems, which in turn could harm our business and financial results.

We utilize information systems and computer technology throughout our business. We store sensitive data, proprietary information and perform engineering designs and calculations on these systems. Threats to these systems, and the laws and regulations

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governing security of data, including personal data, on information systems and otherwise held by companies is evolving and adding layers of complexity in the form of new requirements and increasing costs of attempting to protect information systems and data and complying with new cybersecurity regulations. Information systems are subject to numerous and evolving cybersecurity threats and sophisticated computer crimes, which pose a risk to the stability and security of our information systems, computer technology, and business. Global cybersecurity threats can range from uncoordinated individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to our information systems and computer technology to sophisticated and targeted measures known as advanced persistent threats and ransomware. The techniques used in these attacks change frequently and may be difficult to detect for periods of time and we may face difficulties in anticipating and implementing adequate preventative measures. A failure or breach in security could expose our company as well as our customers and suppliers to risks of misuse of information, compromising confidential information and technology, destruction of data, production disruptions, ransom payments, and other business risks which could damage our reputation, competitive position and financial results of our operations. Further, our technology resources may be strained due to an increase in the number of remote users. In addition, defending ourselves against these threats may increase costs or slow operational efficiencies of our business. If any of the foregoing were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We face potential liability from asbestos exposure and similar claims that could result in substantial costs to us as well as divert attention of our management, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We are a defendant in a number of lawsuits alleging illnesses from exposure to asbestos or asbestos-containing products and seeking unspecified compensatory and punitive damages. We cannot predict with certainty the outcome of these lawsuits or whether we could become subject to any similar, related or additional lawsuits in the future. In addition, because some of our products are used in systems that handle toxic or hazardous substances, any failure or alleged failure of our products in the future could result in litigation against us. For example, a claim could be made under various regulations for the adverse consequences of environmental contamination. Any litigation brought against us, whether with or without merit, could result in substantial costs to us as well as divert the attention of our management, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Many of our large international customers are nationalized or state-owned businesses. Any failure to comply with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could adversely impact our competitive position and subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences, which could harm our business and results of operations.

We are subject to the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which generally prohibits U.S. companies from engaging in bribery or making other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Many foreign companies, including some of our competitors, are not subject to these prohibitions. Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices occur from time-to-time in certain of the jurisdictions in which we may operate or sell our products. While we strictly prohibit our employees and agents from engaging in such conduct and have established procedures, controls and training to prevent such conduct from occurring, it is possible that our employees or agents will engage in such conduct and that we might be held responsible. If our employees or other agents are alleged or are found to have engaged in such practices, we could incur significant costs and suffer severe penalties or other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We presently have no intention to declare or pay a dividend, the terms of our indebtedness restrict our ability to pay dividends, and we may not be able to pay dividends in the future.

In fiscal 2022, we suspended the dividend and presently have no intention to declare or pay a dividend. In addition, our loan agreement with Bank of America contains terms that restrict our ability to declare or pay dividends. Any determination by our Board of Directors regarding dividends will depend on a variety of factors, including our future financial performance, organic growth opportunities, general economic conditions and financial, competitive, regulatory, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. There can be no guarantee that we will pay dividends in the future.

Provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could impair or delay stockholders' ability to change our management and could discourage takeover transactions that some stockholders might consider to be in their best interests.

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could impede attempts by our stockholders to remove or replace our management and could discourage others from initiating a potential merger, takeover or other change of control transaction, including a potential transaction at a premium over the market price of our common stock, that our stockholders might consider to be in their best interests. Such provisions include:

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

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Item 2. Properties

Our corporate headquarters, located at 20 Florence Avenue, Batavia, New York, consists of a 45,000 square foot building. Our manufacturing facilities, also located in Batavia, consist of approximately 42 acres and contain about 260,000 square feet in several buildings, including 206,000 square feet in manufacturing facilities, 48,000 square feet for warehousing and a 6,000 square-foot building for product research and development. Additionally, with the acquisition of BN we obtained a 43,000 square feet manufacturing plant, which is part of their 96,000 square foot facility in Arvada, Colorado which is leased. We also lease approximately 1,500 square feet for a sales office in Houston, Texas and GVHTT leases an approximately 4,900 square foot sales and engineering office in Suzhou, China. GIPL, located in Ahmedabad, India, serves as a sales and market development office focusing on the refining, petrochemical and fertilizer markets. We lease a sales and marketing office of approximately 777 square feet in Ahmedabad, India.

We believe that our properties are generally in good condition, are well maintained, and are suitable and adequate to carry on our business. However, we anticipate that additional manufacturing space will be needed within the next year or two in order to support BN growth, and we believe we will be able to obtain additional space on commercially reasonable terms.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

The information required by this Item 3 is contained in Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE exchange under the symbol "GHM". As of June 2, 2022, there were 10,603 shares of our common stock outstanding that were held by approximately 131 stockholders of record.

Subject to the rights of any preferred stock we may then have outstanding, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends as may be declared from time to time by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends. Our Board of Directors declared dividends per share of $0.11 for each of the first three quarters of fiscal 2022. In fiscal 2022, we suspended our dividend in accordance with the terms of our credit agreement with Bank of America. Any future determination by our Board of Directors regarding dividends will depend on a variety of factors, including our compliance with the terms of the credit agreement, organic growth opportunities, future financial performance, general economic conditions and financial, competitive, regulatory, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. There can be no guarantee that we will pay dividends in the future. More information regarding our loan agreement can be found in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 6. Reserved

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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Overview

We are a global leader in the design and manufacture of mission critical fluid, power, heat transfer and vacuum technologies for the defense, space, energy and process industries. For the defense industry, our equipment is used in nuclear and non-nuclear propulsion, power, fluid transfer, and thermal management systems. For the space industry our equipment is used in propulsion, power and energy management systems and for life support systems. Our energy and new energy markets include oil refining, cogeneration, and multiple alternative and clean power applications including hydrogen. For the chemical and petrochemical industries, our equipment is used in fertilizer, ethylene, methanol and downstream chemical facilities.

Our brands are built upon engineering expertise and close customer collaboration to design, develop, and produce mission critical equipment and systems that enable our customers to meet their economic and operational objectives. Continual improvement of our processes and systems to ensure qualified and compliant equipment are hallmarks of our brand. Our early engagement with customers and support until the end of service life are values upon which our brands are built.

Our corporate headquarters are located in Batavia, New York. We have production facilities co-located with our headquarters in Batavia. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Barber-Nichols, LLC ("BN"), based in Arvada, Colorado, designs, develops, manufactures and sells specialty turbomachinery products for the aerospace, cryogenic, defense and energy markets (see "Acquisition" below). We also have wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries, Graham Vacuum and Heat Transfer Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. ("GVHTT"), located in Suzhou, China and Graham India Private Limited ("GIPL"), located in Ahmedabad, India. GVHTT provides sales and engineering support for us in the People's Republic of China and management oversight throughout Southeast Asia. GIPL serves as a sales and market development office focusing on the refining, petrochemical and fertilizer markets in India.

This management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 omits a comparative discussion regarding the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 versus the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Such information is located in Item 7 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021.

Acquisition

We completed the acquisition of BN on June 1, 2021. Founded as a specialty turbomachinery engineering company in 1966, BN has grown rapidly from programs that involve complex production and systems integration. By integrating knowledge in rotating equipment, power generation cycles, and electrical management systems, BN has successfully won the design and development of different power, fluid transfer, and propulsion systems used in underwater vehicles among many other accomplishments.

The acquisition of BN has changed the composition of the Company’s end market mix. For fiscal 2022, sales to the defense industry were 51% of our business compared with just 25% of sales to the defense industry for fiscal 2021. Additionally, space industry sales represent 5% of fiscal 2022 business, compared with 0% for fiscal 2021. The remaining 44% of our fiscal 2022 sales came from the refining, chemical/petrochemical and other commercial markets. These markets represented 75% of our fiscal 2021 sales. BN has outperformed expectations since being acquired.

The BN transaction was accounted for as a business combination, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair value as of the acquisition date. The purchase price of $72,014 was comprised of 610 shares of the Company’s common stock, representing a value of $8,964 at $14.69 per share, and cash consideration of $61,150, subject to certain potential adjustments, including a customary working capital adjustment. The cash consideration was funded through cash on-hand and debt proceeds (See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K). The purchase agreement with respect to the acquisition also included a contingent earn-out dependent upon certain financial measures of BN post-acquisition, pursuant to which the sellers were eligible to receive up to $14,000 in additional cash consideration. At June 30, 2021, a liability of $1,900 was recorded for the contingent earn-out. Subsequent to the acquisition, the earn-out agreement was terminated and the contingent liability was reversed into Other operating income, net, on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations. Acquisition and integration related costs of $562 were expensed in fiscal 2022 and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. As of October 26, 2021, the Company entered into a Performance Bonus Agreement (the "Bonus Agreement") to provide certain employees of BN with performance-based awards considering the BN business results on a stand-alone basis. The purpose of the bonus arrangement is to align a broader number of the BN leadership team with the achievement of BN performance objectives. The Bonus Agreement provides for payments to be made for certain performance-based results of BN for fiscal years ending March 31, 2024, 2025, and 2026.

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Key Results

Key results for our fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, which we refer to as "fiscal 2022," include:

Current Market Conditions

Demand for our equipment and systems for the defense industry is expected to remain strong and continue to expand, based on the planned procurement of submarines, aircraft carriers and undersea propulsion and power systems. Based on defense budget plans and the solutions we provide, we anticipate demand for our equipment and systems will continue to increase in coming years. With the addition of revenue from the BN acquisition, consolidated sales to the U.S. Navy for fiscal 2022 was $62,189, or 51% of total sales. In addition to U.S. Navy applications, we also provide specialty pumps, turbines, compressors and controllers for various fluid and thermal management systems used in Department of Defense radar, laser, electronics and power systems. We have built a leading position, and in some instances, a sole source position, for certain systems and equipment for the defense/space industry and others.

Our traditional energy markets are undergoing significant transition. While we expect that fossil fuels will continue to be an important component in the energy industry for many years to come, there are significant changes in the priorities for capital investments by our customers and the regions in which those investments are being made. We expect that the systemic changes in the energy markets, which are influenced by the increasing use by consumers of alternative fuels, will lead to demand growth for fossil-based fuels that is less than the global growth rate. We also anticipate that future investment by refiners in renewable fuels (e.g., renewable diesel), in existing refineries (e.g., to expand feedstock processing flexibility and to improve conversion of oil to refined products) to gain greater throughput, or to build new capacity (e.g., integrated refineries with petrochemical products capabilities), will continue to drive demand for our products and services. The timing and catalyst for a recovery in these markets (crude oil refining and chemical/petrochemical) remains uncertain. Accordingly, we believe that in the near term the quantity of projects available for us to compete for will remain low and that new project pricing will remain challenging.

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Of note, we have experienced a noticeable increase in our energy and chemical aftermarket orders in fiscal 2022, primarily from the domestic market. Aftermarket orders have historically been a leading indicator of future capital investment by our customers in their facilities for upgrades and expansions. As such we believe there is the possibility of a cyclical upturn in the next twelve to eighteen months following several years of reduced capital spending in a low oil price environment, although not as robust as years past due to the factors discussed above.

The alternative and clean energy opportunities for our heat transfer, power production and fluid transfer systems are expected to continue to grow. We assist in designing, developing and producing equipment for hydrogen production, distribution and fueling systems, concentrated solar power and storage, and small modular nuclear systems. We are positioning the Company to be a more significant contributor as these markets continue to develop.

We believe in the near and medium-term that chemical and petrochemical capital investment will continue to decouple from energy investment. Over the long term, we expect that population growth, an expanding global middle class and an increasing desire for improved quality of life and access to consumer products will drive increased demand for industrial goods within the plastics and resins value chain along with fertilizers or related products. Consequently, when global economies return to stable growth, we expect investment in new global chemical and petrochemical capacity will resume and that such investments will in turn drive growth in demand for our products and services.

BN products and market access provide revenue and growth potential in the commercial space/aerospace markets. The commercial space market has grown and evolved rapidly, and BN has provided rocket engine turbo pump systems and components for many of the launch providers. We expect that in the long term extended space exploration will become more prevalent, and we anticipate that our thermal/fluid management and environmental control and life support system turbomachinery will play important roles. BN is also participating in future aerospace power and propulsion system development through supply of fluid and thermal management systems components. Small power dense systems are imperative for these applications and we believe our technology and expertise will enable us to achieve sales growth in this market as well.

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The chart below illustrates our strategy to increase our participation in the defense market. The defense market comprised 76% of our total backlog at March 31, 2022. We believe this diversification is especially beneficial when our commercial markets are weak, as is presently the case.

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Results of Operations

For an understanding of the significant factors that influenced our performance, the following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated:

Fiscal 2022 Compared with Fiscal 2021

Sales for fiscal 2022 were $122,814, up 26% as compared with sales of $97,489 for fiscal 2021. Domestic sales were $97,639 or 80% of total sales, up from $52,724 or 54% of total sales in fiscal 2021. Domestic sales increased $44,915, or 85%, compared with fiscal 2021. International sales accounted for $25,175, or 20% of total sales, for fiscal 2022, down from $44,765 or 46% of total sales in fiscal 2021. International sales decreased $19,590, or 44% compared with fiscal 2021. By market, sales for fiscal 2022 were 20% to the refining industry (down from 41% in fiscal 2021), 13% to the chemical and petrochemical industries (down from 25% in fiscal 2021), 51% to the defense industry (U.S. Navy) (up from 24% in fiscal 2021), and 18% to space and other commercial and industrial markets (up from 10% in fiscal 2021). Fluctuation in sales among markets, products and geographic locations varies, sometimes significantly, from quarter-to-quarter based on timing and magnitude of projects. The significant shift towards domestic sales in the defense industry is primarily due to the BN acquisition in June 2021 and the strategic decision by management to diversify its revenue stream away from the refining industry. See also "Current Market Conditions," above. For additional information on anticipated future sales and our markets, see "Orders and Backlog" below.

Our gross margin for fiscal 2022 was 7.4% compared with 21.0% for fiscal 2021. Gross profit for fiscal 2022 decreased $11,340, or 55%, compared with fiscal 2021. The decline in gross profit and margin was the result of cost and schedule issues and COVID-19 related delays related to our first article defense projects at our Batavia operation. We have chosen, in the near term, to over-resource certain critical defense orders to ensure we meet the delivery expectations of our customers. We have continued to be challenged by labor shortages in our local market and made the strategic decision to increase our use of external contract welders, at a much higher cost, in order to meet our customers' delivery schedules and help secure future orders. Redirecting resources to defense contracts at our Batavia operation has also impacted our commercial market orders which had to be outsourced. We estimate that the impact of all these factors, along with material cost increases for first article projects, was over $10,000 in fiscal 2022. These losses were partially offset by the positive contribution from the BN acquisition and strong energy and chemical aftermarket sales in fiscal 2022. We expect that we will be able to reduce the use of contract welders and our contract losses in fiscal 2023. As we make further progress on our production schedule and grow our welding staff, we will be able to reduce our reliance on contract welders. This is expected to help with margin improvement over the coming quarters. We recently shipped a first article condenser for a critical navy submarine application and are on schedule to ship the remaining first article projects throughout fiscal 2023.

SG&A expense for fiscal 2022 was $21,299, up 22%, or $3,828, compared with $17,471 in fiscal 2021. SG&A expenses included intangible amortization of $913 in fiscal 2022. Approximately $4,800 of this increase was from ten months of BN being added in fiscal 2022. Additionally, fiscal 2022 results include $840 of costs incurred in connection with the BN acquisition, and bank waiver and amendment fees. SG&A expense as a percentage of sales in fiscal 2022 was 17.3% of sales compared with 17.9% of sales in fiscal 2021. The SG&A expense increases discussed above were partially offset by decreased variable compensation and outside sales agent commissions.

Other operating income for fiscal 2022 was $827 compared to $0 for fiscal 2021 and includes $1,900 of income related to the change in fair value of the BN contingent earn-out, which was terminated in fiscal 2022, partially offset by $1,073 of severance and transition expense recognized in connection with the departure of our former CEO and CFO.

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Net interest expense for fiscal 2022 was $400 compared to income of $156 in fiscal 2021 primarily due to increased borrowings related to the BN acquisition.

Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2022 was 22% compared with 27% in fiscal 2021. The decrease in tax rate was primarily due to the mix of earnings by geography, which were in lower tax rate jurisdictions as compared with the prior year.

Net loss and loss per diluted share for fiscal 2022, were $8,773 and $0.83, respectively, compared with net income and income per diluted share of $2,374 and $0.24, respectively, for fiscal 2021.

Non-GAAP Measures

Adjusted earnings before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), adjusted net income, and adjusted diluted earnings per share are provided for information purposes only and are not measures of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP"). Management believes the presentation of these financial measures reflecting non-GAAP adjustments provides important supplemental information to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating the operating results of the Company. In particular, those charges and credits that are not directly related to operating performance, and that are not a helpful measure of the performance of our underlying business particularly in light of their unpredictable nature. These non-GAAP disclosures have limitations as analytical tools, should not be viewed as a substitute for net income determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP, nor is it necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. In addition, supplemental presentation should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by similar adjustments to net income determined in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income is a key metric used by management and our board of directors and is the basis for a portion of management's performance-based compensation.

We believe adjusted EBITDA is often a useful measure of a company’s operating performance and is used by management to measure the operating performance of our business. Adjusted EBITDA excludes charges for depreciation, amortization, interest expense, taxes, other acquisition related expenses (income), and other unusual/nonrecurring expenses. Adjusted EBITDA does not represent and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income, net cash provided by operating activities or any other measure for determining operating performance or liquidity that is calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Management uses adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share to assess the Company’s consolidated financial and operating performance. Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share are provided for informational purposes only and are not a measure of financial performance under GAAP. These measures help management make decisions that are expected to facilitate meeting current financial goals as well as achieving optimal financial performance. Adjusted net income provides management with a measure of financial performance of the Company based on operational factors as it removes the impact of certain unusual/nonrecurring items from the Company’s operating results. Adjusted diluted earnings per share provides management with an indication of how adjusted net income would be reflected on a per share basis for comparison to the GAAP diluted earnings per share measure.

A reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, and adjusted diluted earnings per share to net income (loss) in accordance with GAAP is as follows:

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(1) Applies a normalized tax rate of 20% to non-GAAP adjustments above, which are each pre-tax.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated statements of cash flows and consolidated balance sheets appearing in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

We use the above ratios to assess our liquidity and overall financial strength.

Net cash used by operating activities for fiscal 2022 was $2,219, compared with $1,722 for fiscal 2021. This $497 increase was primarily due to lower cash net income of $12,353 partially offset by $11,856 generated from lower working capital levels (primarily customer deposits) due to the timing of payments on these contracts versus when revenue is earned/billed.

Capital spending in fiscal 2022 was $2,324, compared with $2,158 in fiscal 2021. Capital expenditures in each of fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were approximately 90% and 80% for facilities along with machinery and equipment, respectively, and the remaining for all other items.

Dividend payments were $3,524 in fiscal 2022, compared with $4,391 in fiscal 2021. In fiscal 2022, we suspended our dividend in accordance with the terms of our credit agreement with Bank of America. There can be no guarantee that we will pay dividends in the future and will depend on a variety of factors, including our future financial performance, organic growth opportunities, general economic conditions and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

Cash and investments were $14,741 at March 31, 2022, compared with $65,032 at March 31, 2021, down $50,291 or 77% primarily due to the $60,282 used to fund the BN acquisition.

We invest net cash generated from operations in excess of cash held for near-term needs in short-term, less than 365 days, certificates of deposit, money market accounts or U.S. government instruments, generally with maturity periods of up to 180 days. Our certificates of deposit are used to securitize our outstanding letters of credit, which reduces our cost on those letters of credit. Approximately 90% of our cash and investments are held in the U.S. The remaining 10% is invested in our China operations.

Capital expenditures for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2023, which we refer to as "fiscal 2023," are expected to be between approximately $4,500 and $5,500. Approximately 35% of our fiscal 2023 capital expenditures are expected to be for machinery and equipment, and 50% for buildings and leasehold improvements to fund our growth initiatives with the remaining amounts expected to be used for other items. The majority of our planned capital expenditures are discretionary.

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On June 1, 2021, we entered into a $20,000 five-year loan with Bank of America. The term loan requires monthly principal payments of $167 through June 1, 2026, with the remaining principal amount plus all interest due on the maturity date. The interest rate on the term loan is the applicable Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index ("BSBY"), plus 1.50%, subject to a 0.00% floor.

On June 1, 2021, we entered into a five-year revolving credit facility with Bank of America that provides a $30,000 line of credit, including letters of credit and bank guarantees, expandable at our option and the bank's approval at any time up to $40,000. As of March 31, 2022, there was no amount outstanding on the line of credit. Amounts outstanding under the facility agreement bear interest at a rate equal to BSBY plus 1.50%, subject to a 0.00% floor. As of March 31, 2022, the BSBY rate was 0.130830%. Outstanding letters of credit under this agreement are subject to a fee of 1.50% per annum of the outstanding undrawn amount of each letter of credit that is not secured by cash and 0.60% of each letter of credit that is secured by cash. Amounts available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility are subject to an unused commitment fee of 0.25%. As of March 31, 2022, there was $4,750 letters of credit outstanding with Bank of America.

Under the original term loan agreement and revolving credit facility, the Company covenants to maintain a maximum total leverage ratio, as defined in such agreements, of 3.0 to 1.0, with an allowable increase to 3.25 to 1.0 following an acquisition for a period of twelve months following the closing of the acquisition. In addition, the Company covenanted to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined in such agreements, of 1.2 to 1.0 and minimum margined assets, as defined in such agreements, of 100% of total amounts outstanding on the revolving credit facility, including letters of credit. At December 31, 2021, the Company was out of compliance with its bank agreement covenants and was granted a waiver for noncompliance by Bank of America. At March 31, 2022, the amount available under the revolving credit facility was $10,250.

On March 31, 2022 and June 7, 2022, we entered into amendment agreements with Bank of America. Under the amended agreement, the Company is not required to comply with the maximum total leverage ratio and the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenants contained in the original term loan agreement for the periods ending December 31, 2021 and March 31, June 30 and September 30, 2022. The principal balance outstanding on the line of credit may not exceed $15,000, unless letters of credit exceed $11,500, in which case the limit is $17,000, until the compliance date. The compliance date is defined as the date on which Bank of America has received all required financial information for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2023 and no event of default exists. In addition, on or before September 1, 2022 and at all times thereafter, all of our deposit accounts, except certain foreign subsidiary accounts, will be either subject to a deposit account control agreement or maintained with Bank of America. The Company covenants to maintain EBITDA, as defined in such amendment, of at least ($700) for the twelve-month period ending June 30, 2022 and $1,800 for the twelve-month period ending September 30, 2022; maintain a total maximum leverage ratio of 4.0 to 1.0 for the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2022 and 3.0 to 1.0 for the period ending March 31, 2023; and maintain liquidity, as defined in such amendment, of at least $10,000 prior to the occurrence of the compliance date and $20,000 from and after the occurrence of the compliance date.

In connection with the waiver and amendments discussed above, we are required to pay a back-end fee of $725 to Bank of America payable upon the earliest to occur of (i) any default or event of default, (ii) the last date of availability under the revolving credit facility, and (iii) repayment in full of all principal, interest, fees and other obligations, which may be waived or cancelled if certain criteria are met.

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, other than letters of credit incurred in the ordinary course of business.

We believe that cash generated from operations, combined with the liquidity provided by available financing capacity under our credit facility, will be adequate to meet our cash needs for the immediate future.

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Stockholders' Equity

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity that can be found in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following table shows the balance of stockholders' equity on the dates indicated:

Fiscal 2022 Compared with Fiscal 2021

Stockholders' equity decreased $1,435 or 1%, at March 31, 2022 compared with March 31, 2021.

On March 31, 2022, our net book value per share was $9.07, down from $9.83 at March 31, 2021.

Orders and Backlog

Management uses orders and backlog as measures of our current and future business and financial performance. Orders in fiscal 2022 increased 18% to $143,877 from $121,619 in fiscal 2021. Orders represent communications received from customers requesting us to supply products and services. Revenue is recognized on orders received in accordance with our revenue recognition policy described in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Domestic orders were 81%, or $117,106, and international orders were 19%, or $26,772, of our total orders in fiscal 2022. This compared with domestic orders of $89,283, or 73% of total orders, and international orders of $32,336, or 27% of our total orders in fiscal 2021. Domestic orders increased by $27,823, or 31%. This increase was due to the BN acquisition, which added $66,149 to domestic orders, as well as higher aftermarket orders, partly offset by lower energy and petrochemical orders and a decrease in defense (U.S. Navy) orders, which are lumpy in nature. Net international orders decreased by $5,564, or 17% in fiscal 2022.

Backlog was $256,536 at March 31, 2022, up 86% compared with $137,567 at March 31, 2021. Backlog is defined by us as the total dollar value of orders received for which revenue has not yet been recognized. All orders in backlog represent orders from our traditional markets in established product lines. Included in backlog at March 31, 2022 was $117,769 from BN. Approximately 40% to 50% of orders currently in our backlog are expected to be converted to sales within one year. At March 31, 2022, approximately 76% of our backlog was attributable to defense (U.S. Navy) projects, 10% for refinery project work, 5% for chemical and petrochemical projects, 4% for space projects and 5% for other industrial applications.

Outlook

Our defense business continues to be strong. With the acquisition of BN, 76% of our $256,536 backlog is in defense. Because much of the defense backlog includes projects with order to shipment timeframes of up to five years, we expect 45% to 50% of our sales in fiscal 2023 to be from the defense market. Defense spending, specifically for the U.S. Navy, is expected to remain steady over the foreseeable future.

Near term opportunities in the global energy and petrochemical markets have slowed significantly due to the combined impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and increasing use by consumers of alternative fuels. However, the recent improvement in our aftermarket and short cycle business in North America is encouraging. As such we believe there is the possibility of a cyclical upturn in the next twelve to eighteen months following several years of reduced capital spending in a low oil price environment, although not as robust as in years past. Strategically, we are implementing efforts to capture more aftermarket opportunity less oriented to capital projects.

Our objective is to leverage our engineering knowhow and depth of application experience to identify more opportunities for our products and technologies in our targeted markets.

Our expectations for sales and profitability assume that we are able to operate our production facilities in Batavia, New York and Arvada, Colorado at or above "normal" (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) capacity throughout fiscal 2023. We project that approximately 40% to 50% of backlog will convert to sales over the next 12 months. We expect the remaining backlog will convert beyond fiscal 2023, which includes a combination of U.S. Navy orders that have a long conversion cycle (up to six years) as well as certain commercial orders, the conversion of which has been extended by our customers.

Sales in fiscal 2023 is expected to be $135,000 to $150,000. We expect gross profit margins to recover to 16% to 17% of sales as the U.S. Navy project cost overruns at our Batavia facility in fiscal 2022 are not expected to reoccur and we expect to begin work on the more profitable Navy projects in the second half of fiscal 2023. We expect SG&A to be 15% to 16% of sales and our effective tax

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rate to be 21% to 22% for fiscal 2023. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be $6,500 to $9,500 for fiscal 2023. We have not reconciled non-GAAP forward-looking Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure, as permitted by Item 10(e)(1)(i)(B) of Regulation S-K. Such reconciliation would require unreasonable efforts to estimate and quantify various necessary GAAP components largely because forecasting or predicting our future operating results is subject to many factors out of our control or not readily predictable.

Contingencies and Commitments

We have been named as a defendant in lawsuits alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos allegedly contained in or accompanying our products. We are a co-defendant with numerous other defendants in these lawsuits and intend to vigorously defend ourselves against these claims. The claims in our current lawsuits are similar to those made in previous asbestos lawsuits that named us as a defendant. Such previous lawsuits either were dismissed when it was shown that we had not supplied products to the plaintiffs’ places of work, or were settled by us for immaterial amounts.

As of March 31, 2022, we are subject to the claims noted above, as well as other legal proceedings and potential claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of the lawsuits, legal proceedings or potential claims to which we are or may become a party cannot be determined and an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be made for the majority of the claims, we do not believe that the outcomes, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon the consolidated financial statements and the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that reflect significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.

Revenue Recognition. The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606").

We recognize revenue on all contracts when control of the product is transferred to the customer. Control is generally transferred when products are shipped, title is transferred, significant risks of ownership have transferred, we have rights to payment, and rewards of ownership pass to the customer. Customer acceptance may also be a factor in determining whether control of the product has transferred. Although revenue on the majority of our contracts, as measured by number of contracts, is recognized upon shipment to the customer, revenue on larger contracts, which are fewer in number but generally represent the majority of revenue, is recognized over time as these contracts meet specific criteria in ASC 606. Revenue from contracts that is recognized upon shipment accounted for approximately 25% of revenue in fiscal 2022. Revenue from contracts that is recognized over time accounted for approximately 75% of revenue in fiscal 2022. We recognize revenue over time when contract performance results in the creation of a product for which we do not have an alternative use and the contract includes an enforceable right to payment in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of the performance completed. To measure progress towards completion on performance obligations for which revenue is recognized over time the Company utilizes an input method based upon a ratio of direct labor hours incurred to date to management’s estimate of the total labor hours to be incurred on each contract, or cost incurred to date to management's estimate of the total cost to be incurred on each contract, or an output method based upon completion of operational milestones, depending upon the nature of the contract.

Business Combinations and Intangible Assets. Assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based upon detailed valuations that use various assumptions made by management. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. Definite lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are assessed for impairment if certain indicators are present. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized but are subject to impairment testing annually or earlier if an event or change in circumstances indicates that the fair value of a reporting unit or the indefinite lived asset may have been reduced below its carrying value.

Pension and Postretirement Benefits. Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit costs and obligations are dependent on actuarial assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These assumptions are reviewed annually and include the discount rate, long-term expected rate of return on plan assets, salary growth, healthcare cost trend rate and other economic and demographic factors. We base the discount rate assumption for our plans on the FTSE Pension Liability Above-Median AA-Index. The long-term

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expected rate of return on plan assets is based on the plan’s asset allocation, historical returns and expectations as to future returns that are expected to be realized over the estimated remaining life of the plan liabilities that will be funded with the plan assets. The salary growth assumptions are determined based on long-term actual experience and future and near-term outlook. The healthcare cost trend rate assumptions are based on historical cost and payment data, the near-term outlook, and an assessment of likely long-term trends.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

We have evaluated the accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and believe those policies to be reasonable and appropriate.

We believe that the most critical accounting estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements relate to labor hour estimates, total cost, and establishment of operational milestones which are used to recognize revenue over time, accounting for contingencies, under which we accrue a loss when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated, accounting for business combinations and intangible assets, and accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefits.

As discussed above under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies", we recognize a majority of our revenue using an over-time recognition method. The key estimate for the over-time recognition model is total labor, total cost and operational milestones to be incurred on each contract and to the extent that these estimates changes, it may significantly impact revenue recognized in each period.

Contingencies, by their nature, relate to uncertainties that require us to exercise judgment both in assessing the likelihood that a liability has been incurred as well as in estimating the amount of potential loss. For more information on these matters, see the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As discussed above under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies", we allocate the purchase price of an acquired company, including when applicable, the acquisition date fair value of contingent consideration between tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquired business based on their estimated fair values, with the residual of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. Third party appraisal firms and other consultants are engaged to assist management in determining the fair values of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Estimating fair values requires significant judgments, estimates and assumptions, including but not limited to: discount rates, future cash flows and the economic lives of trade names, technology, customer relationships, and property, plant and equipment. These estimates are based on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired company and are inherently uncertain.

During fiscal 2022, we completed the acquisition of BN for an aggregate purchase price of $72,014. We identified and assigned value to identifiable intangible assets of customer relationships, technology and technical know-how, backlog and trade name, and estimated the useful lives over which these intangible assets would be amortized. The estimates of fair values of these identifiable intangible assets were based upon discounted cash flow models, which include assumptions such as forecasted cash flows, customer attrition rates, discount rates, and royalty rates. The fair value estimates resulted in identifiable intangible assets, in the aggregate, of $32,500. The resulting goodwill, in the aggregate, from this acquisition was $23,523. For more information on these matters, see the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefits involves estimating the cost of benefits to be provided well into the future and attributing that cost over the time period each employee works. To accomplish this, assumptions are made about inflation, investment returns, mortality, turnover, medical costs and discount rates. These assumptions are reviewed annually.

The discount rate used in accounting for pensions and other postretirement benefits expense (income) is determined in conjunction with our actuary by reference to a current yield curve and by considering the timing and amount of projected future benefit payments. The discount rate assumption for fiscal 2022 was 3.21% for our defined benefit pension plans and 2.34% for our other postretirement benefit plan. A reduction in the discount rate of 50 basis points, with all other assumptions held constant, would have increased fiscal 2022 net periodic benefit expense for our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plan by approximately $351 and $0.1, respectively.

The expected return on plan assets assumption of 5.5% used in accounting for our pension plan is determined by evaluating the mix of investments that comprise plan assets and external forecasts of future long-term investment returns. A reduction in the rate of return of 50 basis points, with other assumptions held constant, would have increased fiscal 2022 net periodic pension expense by approximately $210.

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During fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, the pension plan released liabilities for vested benefits of certain participants through the purchase of nonparticipating annuity contracts with a third-party insurance company. As a result of these transactions, in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, the projected benefit obligation and plan assets each decreased $1,279 and $1,477, respectively.

As part of our ongoing financial reporting process, a collaborative effort is undertaken involving our managers with functional responsibilities for financial, credit, tax, engineering, manufacturing and benefit matters, and outside advisors such as lawyers, consultants and actuaries. We believe that the results of this effort provide management with the necessary information on which to base their judgments and to develop the estimates and assumptions used to prepare the financial statements.

We believe that the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K related to revenue, contingencies, pensions, other postretirement benefits and other matters requiring the use of estimates and judgments are reasonable, although actual outcomes could differ materially from our estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In the normal course of business, management evaluates all new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, the Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or any other authoritative accounting body to determine the potential impact they may have on our consolidated financial statements. For discussion of the newly issued accounting pronouncements see ''Accounting and reporting changes'' in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The principal market risks (i.e., the risk of loss arising from market changes) to which we are exposed are foreign currency exchange rates, price risk, and interest rate risk.

The assumptions applied in preparing the following qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding foreign currency exchange rate, price risk and interest rate risk are based upon volatility ranges experienced by us in relevant historical periods, our current knowledge of the marketplace, and our judgment of the probability of future volatility based upon the historical trends and economic conditions of the markets in which we operate.

Foreign Currency

International consolidated sales for fiscal 2022 were 20% of total sales, down from 46% of sales in fiscal 2021. Operating in markets throughout the world exposes us to movements in currency exchange rates. Currency movements can affect sales in several ways, the foremost being our ability to compete for orders against foreign competitors that base their prices on relatively weaker currencies. Business lost due to competition for orders against competitors using a relatively weaker currency cannot be quantified. In addition, cash can be adversely impacted by the conversion of sales made by us in a foreign currency to U.S. dollars. In fiscal 2022, substantially all sales by us and our wholly owned subsidiaries, for which we were paid, were denominated in the local currency of the respective subsidiary (U.S. dollars or Chinese RMB).

We have limited exposure to foreign currency purchases. In fiscal 2022, our purchases in foreign currencies represented 5% of the cost of products sold. At certain times, we may enter into forward foreign currency exchange agreements to hedge our exposure against potential unfavorable changes in foreign currency values on significant sales and purchase contracts negotiated in foreign currencies. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts were not used in fiscal 2022 and as of March 31, 2022, we held no forward foreign currency contracts.

Price Risk

Operating in a global marketplace requires us to compete with other global manufacturers which, in some instances, benefit from lower production costs and more favorable economic conditions. Although we believe that our customers differentiate our products on the basis of our manufacturing quality and engineering experience and excellence, among other things, such lower production costs and more favorable economic conditions mean that our competitors are able to offer products similar to ours at lower prices. In extreme market downturns, such as we recently experienced, we typically see depressed price levels. Moreover, the cost of metals and other materials used in our products have experienced significant volatility. Such factors, in addition to the global effects of the recent volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, have resulted in downward demand and pricing pressure on our products.

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Interest Rate Risk

In connection with the BN acquisition, we entered into a $20,000 five-year term loan and a five-year revolving credit facility with Bank of America. The term loan and revolving credit facility bear interest rates that are tied to BSBY, plus 1.50%, subject to a 0.00% floor. As part of our risk management activities, we evaluate the use of interest rate derivatives to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. As of March 31, 2022, we had $18,500 outstanding on our term loan, $0 outstanding on our revolving credit facility and no interest rate derivatives outstanding. See ''Debt'' in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about our outstanding debt. A hypothetical one percentage point (100 basis points) change in the BSBY rate on the $18,500 of variable rate debt outstanding at March 31, 2022 would have an impact of approximately $185 on our interest expense for fiscal 2022.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Graham Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Graham Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 31, 2022 and 2021; the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2022 and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition — Over time – Input Method – Refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company recognizes a majority of its revenue over time when contract performance results in the creation of a product for which the Company does not have an alternative use and the contract includes an enforceable right to payment in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of the performance completed. To measure progress towards completion on performance obligations for which revenue is recognized over time, the Company primarily utilizes an input method based upon a ratio of direct labor hours incurred to date to management’s estimate of the total direct labor hours to be incurred at completion on each contract or an input method based upon a ratio of direct costs incurred to date to management’s estimate of total costs to be incurred at the completion of each contract. Revenue from contracts that is recognized over time accounted for approximately 75% of revenue in fiscal 2022.

We identified revenue associated with in-process contracts recognized over time utilizing an input method as a critical audit matter because of the judgments necessary for management to estimate total direct labor hours or costs, at completion. An extensive audit

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effort and a high degree of auditor judgment was required when performing audit procedures to audit management’s estimates of total direct labor hours or total costs at completion, used to recognize revenue over time and evaluating the results of those procedures.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to management’s estimate of total direct labor hours or total costs, at completion, included the following, among others:

Acquisition — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

On June 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Barber-Nichols, LLC ("BN"). This transaction was accounted for as a business combination which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair value as of the acquisition date. The fair value of acquisition-related intangible assets includes customer relationships of $11.8 million, technology and technical know-how of $10.1 million, backlog and trade name of $3.9 and $6.7 million respectively. Backlog and trade name are included in the line item "Other intangible assets, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The valuation of customer relationships was determined using an income approach, specifically the multi-period excess earnings method, which incorporates assumptions regarding retention rate, revenue growth and customer related costs. The valuation of technology and technical know-how, and trade name were determined using a relief-from-royalty method, which incorporates a market-based royalty rate used to reflect the after-tax royalty savings attributable to owning the intangible asset. The fair value of backlog was determined using a net realizable value methodology, and was computed as the present value of the expected sales attributable to backlog less the remaining costs to fulfill the backlog.

We identified the valuation of the intangible assets acquired as a critical audit matter because of the significant estimates and assumptions management made to determine the fair value of these assets. Performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of forecasted sales growth rates, cash flows, market-based royalty rates, contributory asset charge (“CAC”), and estimated discount rates, required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the involvement of our fair value specialists.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the market-based royalty rates, CAC, and estimated discount rates for the acquired BN intangible assets included the following, among others:

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/s/DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Rochester, New York

June 9, 2022

We have served as the Company's auditor since 1993.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

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See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS