Graham Holdings Co - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

ý Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2019

¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number 1-671

GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	53-0182885
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1300 North 17th Street, Arlington, Virginia	22209
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(703) 345-6300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý. No ¨.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý. No ¨.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	¨	Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨	Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨. No ý.

Shares outstanding at April 26, 2019:

Class A Common Stock – 964,001 Shares

Class B Common Stock – 4,350,929 Shares

GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY

Index to Form 10-Q



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	a. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	1

	b. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	2

	c. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018	3

	d. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	4

	e. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	5

	f. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition	25

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	32

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6.	Exhibits	33

Signatures		34

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended March 31
	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2019			2018
Operating Revenues	$	692,199		$	659,436
Operating Costs and Expenses
Operating	477,230			365,151
Selling, general and administrative	148,383			225,045
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	13,523			14,642
Amortization of intangible assets	13,060			10,384
	652,196			615,222
Income from Operations	40,003			44,214
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net	1,679			2,579
Interest income	1,700			1,372
Interest expense	(7,425		)	(8,071		)
Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net	19,928			21,386
Gain (loss) on marketable equity securities, net	24,066			(14,102		)
Other income, net	29,351			9,187
Income Before Income Taxes	109,302			56,565
Provision for Income Taxes	27,600			13,600
Net Income	81,702			42,965
Net Loss (Income) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	46			(74		)
Net Income Attributable to Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders	$	81,748		$	42,891
Per Share Information Attributable to Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders
Basic net income per common share	$	15.38		$	7.84
Basic average number of common shares outstanding	5,284			5,436
Diluted net income per common share	$	15.26		$	7.78
Diluted average number of common shares outstanding	5,326			5,473

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Net Income	$	81,702		$	42,965
Other Comprehensive Income, Before Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Translation adjustments arising during the period	10,033			11,564
Pension and other postretirement plans:
Amortization of net prior service (credit) cost included in net income	(1,347		)	76
Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income	(548		)	(1,367		)
	(1,895		)	(1,291		)
Cash flow hedges (loss) gain	(467		)	236
Other Comprehensive Income, Before Tax	7,671			10,509
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income	619			303
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax	8,290			10,812
Comprehensive Income	89,992			53,777
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	46			(74		)
Total Comprehensive Income Attributable to Graham Holdings Company	$	90,038		$	53,703

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	170,882		$	253,256
Restricted cash	20,243			10,859
Investments in marketable equity securities and other investments	527,942			514,581
Accounts receivable, net	551,617			582,280
Income taxes receivable	2,591			19,166
Inventories and contracts in progress	107,344			69,477
Other current assets	96,916			82,723
Total Current Assets	1,477,535			1,532,342
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	319,408			293,085
Lease Right-of-Use Assets	382,050			—
Investments in Affiliates	140,127			143,813
Goodwill, Net	1,339,822			1,297,712
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	128,557			99,052
Amortized Intangible Assets, Net	250,256			263,261
Prepaid Pension Cost	1,017,584			1,003,558
Deferred Income Taxes	12,605			13,388
Deferred Charges and Other Assets	129,290			117,830
Total Assets	$	5,197,234		$	4,764,041

Liabilities and Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	422,380		$	486,578
Deferred revenue	295,966			308,728
Income taxes payable	12,025			10,496
Current portion of lease liabilities	82,429			—
Current portion of long-term debt	9,568			6,360
Dividends declared	7,388			—
Total Current Liabilities	829,756			812,162
Accrued Compensation and Related Benefits	176,319			179,652
Other Liabilities	22,747			57,901
Deferred Income Taxes	327,124			322,421
Lease Liabilities	337,648			—
Long-Term Debt	500,238			470,777
Total Liabilities	2,193,832			1,842,913
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	3,866			4,346
Preferred Stock	—			—
Common Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock	20,000			20,000
Capital in excess of par value	376,639			378,837
Retained earnings	6,303,094			6,236,125
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment	(19,237		)	(29,270		)
Unrealized gain on pensions and other postretirement plans	231,452			232,836
Cash flow hedges	(96		)	263
Cost of Class B common stock held in treasury	(3,918,254		)	(3,922,009		)
Total Common Stockholders’ Equity	2,993,598			2,916,782
Noncontrolling Interest	5,938			—
Total Equity	2,999,536			2,916,782
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	5,197,234		$	4,764,041

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income	$	81,702		$	42,965
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	26,583			25,026
Amortization of lease right-of-use asset	20,353			—
Net pension benefit	(13,653		)	(17,295		)
(Gain) loss on marketable equity securities and cost method investments, net	(25,357		)	14,102
Stock-based compensation expense, net	1,611			2,111
Gain on disposition of businesses, property, plant and equipment and investments, net	(29,204		)	(8,739		)
Foreign exchange gain	(514		)	(177		)
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of distributions	1,021			(2,115		)
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	5,892			(7,436		)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	30,556			87,311
Inventories	(8,807		)	(5,429		)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(84,663		)	(85,955		)
Deferred revenue	(16,459		)	(8,783		)
Income taxes receivable	17,964			18,718
Other assets and other liabilities, net	(45,327		)	(35,757		)
Other	380			404
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities	(37,922		)	18,951
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Investments in certain businesses, net of cash acquired	(83,721		)	(2,619		)
Net proceeds (payments) from disposition of businesses, property, plant and equipment and investments	34,718			(17,890		)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(28,252		)	(17,506		)
Proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities	17,162			49,635
Purchases of marketable equity securities	(7,499		)	—
Investments in equity affiliates, cost method and other investments	(3,401		)	(4,552		)
Loan to related party and advance related to Kaplan University transaction	(3,500		)	(20,000		)
Return of investment in equity affiliates	615			1,402
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(73,878		)	(11,530		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Common shares repurchased	—			(79,001		)
Issuance of borrowings	30,000			—
Net proceeds from vehicle floor plan payable	9,529			—
Dividends paid	(7,391		)	(7,319		)
Issuance of noncontrolling interest	6,000			—
Other	(1,104		)	(4,653		)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities	37,034			(90,973		)
Effect of Currency Exchange Rate Change	1,776			4,171
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	(72,990		)	(79,381		)
Beginning Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	264,115			407,566
Ending Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	$	191,125		$	328,185

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)



(in thousands)	Common Stock		Capital in Excess of Par Value			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Treasury Stock			Noncontrolling Interest			Total Equity			Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
As of December 31, 2018	$	20,000	$	378,837		$	6,236,125		$	203,829		$	(3,922,009	)	$	—		$	2,916,782		$	4,346
Net income for the period						81,702												81,702
Issuance of noncontrolling interest															6,000			6,000
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest						62									(62		)	—
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests						(16		)										(16		)	16
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests			(54		)													(54		)	54
Dividends on common stock						(14,779		)										(14,779		)
Issuance of Class B common stock, net of restricted stock award forfeitures			(3,783		)							3,755						(28		)
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense			1,639															1,639
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes									8,290									8,290
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest																		—			(550		)
As of March 31, 2019	$	20,000	$	376,639		$	6,303,094		$	212,119		$	(3,918,254	)	$	5,938		$	2,999,536		$	3,866

As of December 31, 2017	$	20,000	$	370,700		$	5,791,724		$	535,555		$	(3,802,834	)	$	—		$	2,915,145		$	4,607
Net income for the period						42,965												42,965
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests						(73		)										(73		)	73
Dividends on common stock						(14,638		)										(14,638		)
Repurchase of Class B common stock												(79,001		)				(79,001		)
Issuance of Class B common stock, net of restricted stock award forfeitures			(189		)							119						(70		)
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense			2,325															2,325
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes									10,812									10,812
Cumulative effect of accounting change						201,812			(194,889		)							6,923
As of March 31, 2018	$	20,000	$	372,836		$	6,021,790		$	351,478		$	(3,881,716	)	$	—		$	2,884,388		$	4,680

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Graham Holdings Company (the Company), is a diversified education and media company. The Company’s Kaplan subsidiary provides a wide variety of educational services, both domestically and outside the United States. The Company’s media operations comprise the ownership and operation of seven television broadcasting stations, several websites and print publications, and a marketing solutions provider. The Company’s other business operations include manufacturing, automotive dealerships and home health and hospice services.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with: (i) generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information; (ii) the instructions to Form 10-Q; and (iii) the guidance of Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for financial statements required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). They include the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the Company, including its domestic and foreign subsidiaries that are more than 50% owned or otherwise controlled by the Company. As permitted under such rules, certain notes and other financial information normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Management believes the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as of and for the periods presented herein. The Company’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 may not be indicative of the Company’s future results. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported herein. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in those estimates.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements – In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new guidance that requires, among other things, a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset representing an entity’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a liability for lease payments on its balance sheet, regardless of classification of a lease as operating or financing. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and liabilities and account for the lease similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. This new guidance supersedes all prior guidance. The guidance is effective for interim and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The standard provides two methods of adoption under the modified retrospective approach. Under the comparative date method, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. Under the effective date method, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases as of the period of adoption. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2019 using the effective date method.

The Company elected the available package of transition practical expedients, which allowed the Company to use its historical assessments of whether contracts are or contain leases, lease classification and initial direct costs. Additionally, the Company elected the transition practical expedient to use hindsight to determine the lease term. Upon adoption of the new guidance, the Company recognized right-of-use assets of $369.3 million and lease liabilities of $418.3 million.

The cumulative effect of the changes to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as a result of adopting the new guidance was as follows:



	Balance as of December 31, 2018		Adjustments			Balance as of January 1, 2019
Assets
Other current assets	$	82,723	$	(5,595	)	$	77,128
Lease Right-of-Use Assets	—		369,333			369,333
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	486,578	$	(14,029	)	$	472,549
Current portion of lease liabilities	—		86,747			86,747
Other Liabilities	57,901		(40,500		)	17,401
Lease Liabilities	—		331,520			331,520

2. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS OF BUSINESSES

Acquisitions. On January 31, 2019, the Company acquired an interest in two automotive dealerships for cash and the assumption of floor plan payables (see Note 5). In connection with the acquisition, the automotive subsidiary of the Company borrowed $30 million to finance the acquisition and entered into an interest rate swap to fix the interest rate on the debt at 4.7% per annum (see Note 8). The Company has a 90% interest in the automotive subsidiary. The Company also entered into a management services agreement with an entity affiliated with Christopher J. Ourisman, a member of the Ourisman Automotive Group family of dealerships. Mr. Ourisman and his team will operate and manage the dealerships. In addition, the Company advanced $3.5 million to the minority shareholder, an entity controlled by Mr. Ourisman, at an interest rate of 6% per annum. The acquisition is expected to provide benefits in the future by diversifying the Company’s business operations and is included in other businesses.

During 2018, the Company acquired eight businesses, five in its education division, one in its healthcare division and two in other businesses for $121.1 million in cash and contingent consideration. The assets and liabilities of the companies acquired were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

In January and February 2018, Kaplan acquired the assets of i-Human Patients, Inc., a provider of cloud-based, interactive patient encounter simulations for medical and nursing professionals and educators, and another small business in test preparation and international, respectively. These acquisitions are expected to provide strategic benefits in the future.

In May 2018, Kaplan acquired a 100% interest in Professional Publications, Inc. (PPI), an independent publisher of professional licensing exam review materials and engineering, surveying, architecture, and interior design licensure exam review, by purchasing all of its issued and outstanding shares. This acquisition is expected to provide certain strategic benefits in the future. This acquisition is included in Professional (U.S.).

On July 12, 2018, Kaplan acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of the College for Financial Planning (CFFP), a provider of financial education and training to individuals pursuing the Certified Financial Planner certification, a Master of Science in Personal Financial Planning, or a Master of Science in Finance. The acquisition is expected to expand Kaplan’s financial education product offerings and is included in Professional (U.S.).

On July 31, 2018, Dekko acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Furnlite, Inc., a Fallston, NC-based manufacturer of power and data solutions for the hospitality and residential furniture industries. Dekko’s primary reasons for the acquisition are to complement existing product offerings and to provide potential synergies across the businesses. The acquisition is included in other businesses.

In August 2018, SocialCode acquired 100% of the membership interests of Marketplace Strategy (MPS), a Cleveland-based digital marketing agency that provides strategy consulting, optimization services, advertising management and creative solutions on online marketplaces including Amazon. SocialCode’s primary reason for the acquisition is to expand its platform offerings. The acquisition is included in other businesses.

In September 2018, Graham Healthcare Group (GHG) acquired the assets of a small business and Kaplan acquired the test preparation and study guide assets of Barron’s Educational Series, a New York-based education publishing company. The acquisitions are expected to complement the healthcare and test preparation services currently offered by GHG and Kaplan, respectively. GHG is included in the healthcare division. The Barron’s Educational Series acquisition is included in test preparation.

Acquisition-related costs for acquisitions that closed during the first three months of 2018 were $0.1 million and were expensed as incurred. The aggregate purchase price of the 2018 acquisitions was allocated as follows, based on acquisition date fair values to the following assets and liabilities:



	Purchase Price Allocation
	Year Ended
(in thousands)	December 31, 2018
Accounts receivable	$	2,344
Inventory	1,268
Property, plant and equipment	1,518
Goodwill	41,840
Amortized intangible assets	78,427
Other assets	5,198
Other liabilities	(7,678		)
Deferred income taxes	(4,900		)
Aggregate purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	118,017

The fair values recorded were based upon valuations. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the estimated future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill recorded due to these acquisitions is attributable to the assembled workforces of the acquired companies and expected synergies. The Company expects to deduct $32.3 million of goodwill for income tax purposes for the acquisitions completed in 2018.

The acquired companies were consolidated into the Company’s financial statements starting on their respective acquisition dates. The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the Company’s results as if the current year acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of 2018. The unaudited pro forma information also includes the 2018 acquisitions as if they occurred at the beginning of 2017:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019		2018
Operating revenues	$	705,393	$	728,632
Net income	82,127		44,854

These pro forma results were based on estimates and assumptions, which the Company believes are reasonable, and include the historical results of operations of the acquired companies and adjustments for depreciation and amortization of identified assets and the effect of pre-acquisition transaction related expenses incurred by the Company and the acquired entities. The pro forma information does not include efficiencies, cost reductions and synergies expected to result from the acquisitions. They are not the results that would have been realized had these entities been part of the Company during the periods presented and are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s consolidated results of operations in future periods.

Kaplan University Transaction. On March 22, 2018, the Company closed on the Kaplan University (KU) transaction and recorded a pre-tax gain of $4.3 million in the first quarter of 2018. For financial reporting purposes, Kaplan may receive payment of additional consideration related to the sale of the institutional assets as part of its fee to the extent there are sufficient revenues available after paying all amounts required by the Transition and Operations Support Agreement (TOSA). The Company did not recognize any contingent consideration as part of the initial disposition. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a $0.2 million contingent consideration gain related to the disposition.

The revenue and operating income related to the KU business disposed of are as follows:



(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Revenue	$	91,526
Operating income	213

Sale of Businesses. In February 2018, Kaplan completed the sale of a small business which was included in Test Preparation. In September 2018, Kaplan Australia completed the sale of a small business which was included in Kaplan International. As a result of these sales, the Company reported gains in other non-operating income (see Note 13).

Other Transactions. In March 2019, a Hoover minority shareholder put some of his shares to the Company, which had a redemption value of $0.6 million. Following the redemption, the Company owns 98.01% of Hoover. In June 2018, the Company incurred $6.2 million of interest expense related to the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest redemption settlement at GHG. The mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest was redeemed and paid in July 2018.

3. INVESTMENTS

Money Market Investments. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had money market investments of $65.0 million and $75.5 million, respectively, that are classified as cash and cash equivalents in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Investments in Marketable Equity Securities. Investments in marketable equity securities consist of the following:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Total cost	$	282,349	$	282,563
Gross unrealized gains	227,958		216,111
Gross unrealized losses	—		(2,284		)
Total Fair Value	$	510,307	$	496,390

The Company purchased $7.5 million of marketable equity securities during the first three months of 2019. There were no purchases of marketable equity securities during the first three months of 2018.

During the first three months of 2019, the gross cumulative realized gains from the sales of marketable equity securities were $9.7 million. The total proceeds from such sales were $17.2 million. During the first three months of 2018, the gross cumulative realized gains from the sales of marketable equity securities were $28.5 million. The total proceeds from such sales were $50.5 million, of which $0.9 million settled in April 2018.

The gain (loss) on marketable equity securities comprised the following:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Gain (loss) on marketable equity securities, net	$	24,066		$	(14,102	)
Less: Net (gains) losses in earnings from marketable equity securities sold and donated	(2,982		)	2,611
Net unrealized gains (losses) in earnings from marketable equity securities still held at the end of the period	$	21,084		$	(11,491	)

Investments in Affiliates. As of March 31, 2019, the Company held an approximate 11% interest in Intersection Holdings, LLC, and in several other affiliates; GHG held a 40% interest in Residential Home Health Illinois, a 42.5% interest in Residential Hospice Illinois, a 40% interest in the joint venture formed between GHG and a Michigan hospital, and a 40% interest in the joint venture formed between GHG and Allegheny Health Network (AHN). For the three months ended March 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company recorded $2.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively, in revenue for services provided to the affiliates of GHG.

In February 2019, the Company sold its interest in Gimlet Media. In connection with this sale, the Company recorded a gain of $29.0 million in the first quarter of 2019. The total proceeds from the sale were $33.5 million.

Additionally, Kaplan International Holdings Limited (KIHL) held a 45% interest in a joint venture formed with York University. KIHL agreed to loan the joint venture £25 million, of which £16 million was advanced as of December 31, 2017. In the second quarter of 2018, KIHL advanced a final amount of £6 million in additional funding to the joint venture under this agreement, bringing the total amount advanced to £22 million. The loan is repayable over 25 years at an interest rate of 7% and the loan is guaranteed by the University of York.

Cost Method Investments. The Company held investments without readily determinable fair values in a number of equity securities that are accounted for as cost method investments, which are recorded at cost, less impairment, and adjusted for observable price changes for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The carrying value of these investments was $34.4 million and $30.6 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable consist of the following:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Receivables from contracts with customers, less doubtful accounts of $14,152 and $14,775	$	503,753	$	538,021
Other receivables	47,864		44,259
	$	551,617	$	582,280

Bad debt expense was $0.2 million and $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


5.	INVENTORIES, CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS AND VEHICLE FLOOR PLAN PAYABLE

Inventories and contracts in progress consist of the following:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Raw materials	$	35,178	$	37,248
Work-in-process	11,901		11,633
Finished goods	58,520		17,861
Contracts in progress	1,745		2,735
	$	107,344	$	69,477

The Company finances all new vehicle inventory through a standardized floor plan facility (the “floor plan facility”) with SunTrust Bank. The new vehicle floor plan facility bears interest at variable rates that are based on LIBOR plus 1.15% per annum. The weighted average interest rate for the floor plan facility was 3.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the aggregate capacity under the floor plan facility was $40 million, of which $35.3 million had been utilized, and is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes in the vehicle floor plan payable are reported as cash flows from financing activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The floor plan facility is collateralized by vehicle inventory and other assets of the relevant dealership subsidiary, and contains a number of covenants, including, among others, covenants restricting the dealership subsidiary with respect to the creation of liens and changes in ownership, officers and key management personnel. The Company was in compliance with all of these restrictive covenants as of March 31, 2019.

The floor plan interest expense related to the new vehicle floor plan arrangements is offset by amounts received from manufacturers in the form of floor plan assistance capitalized in inventory and recorded against operating expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations when the associated inventory is sold. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized a reduction in operating expense of $0.4 million related to manufacturer floor plan assistance.

6. LEASES

The Company has operating leases for substantially all of its educational facilities, corporate offices and other facilities used in conducting its business, as well as certain equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception.

Operating leases are included in lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of lease liabilities, and lease liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets also include any initial direct costs, prepaid lease payments and lease incentives received, when applicable. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company used its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company used the incremental borrowing rate on December 31, 2018 for operating leases that commenced prior to that date.

The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease by one to ten years or more when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; however, lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from nonlease components. As such, lease

expense includes these nonlease components, when applicable. Fixed lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized when incurred. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. In some instances, the Company subleases its leased real estate facilities to third parties. The Company does not have significant financing leases.

The components of lease expense were as follows:



(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	25,010
Short-term and month-to-month lease cost	4,813
Variable lease cost	4,356
Sublease income	(4,652		)
Total net lease cost	$	29,527

In connection with the sale of the KHE Campuses business, the Company is the guarantor of several leases for which it has established ROU assets and lease liabilities (see Note 15). Any lease cost or sublease income related to these leases is recorded in other non-operating income. The total net lease cost related to these leases was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Supplemental information related to leases was as follows:



(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (payments)	$	25,840
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (noncash)	30,410

	As of March 31, 2019
Balance Sheet Information:
Lease right-of-use assets	$	382,050

Current lease liabilities	$	82,429
Noncurrent lease liabilities	337,648
Total lease liabilities	$	420,077

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	6.8
Weighted average discount rate	3.9		%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2019
2019	$	73,800
2020	89,643
2021	72,055
2022	57,865
2023	49,787
Thereafter	137,671
Total payments	480,821
Less: Imputed interest	(60,744		)
Total	$	420,077

As of March 31, 2019, the Company has entered into operating leases, including educational and other facilities, that have not yet commenced that have minimum lease payments of $27.4 million. These operating leases will commence in fiscal years 2019 and 2020 with lease terms of 2 to 20 years.

Disclosure related to periods prior to the adoption of new lease accounting guidance

At December 31, 2018, future minimum rental payments under noncancelable operating leases approximate the following:



(in thousands)	December 31, 2018
2019	$	101,009
2020	84,945
2021	72,031
2022	53,709
2023	47,091
Thereafter	115,948
	$	474,733

Minimum payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $66.0 million due in the future under noncancelable subleases.

7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $13.1 million and $10.4 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $38 million for the remainder of 2019, $48 million in 2020, $43 million in 2021, $37 million in 2022, $30 million in 2023 and $54 million thereafter.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, were as follows:



(in thousands)	Education			Television Broadcasting		Healthcare		Other Businesses			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Goodwill	$	1,128,699		$	190,815	$	69,626	$	255,024		$	1,644,164
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151		)	—		—		(15,301		)	(346,452		)
	797,548			190,815		69,626		239,723			1,297,712
Acquisitions	—			—		—		33,062			33,062
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	9,048			—		—		—			9,048
Balance as of March 31, 2019
Goodwill	1,137,747			190,815		69,626		288,086			1,686,274
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151		)	—		—		(15,301		)	(346,452		)
	$	806,596		$	190,815	$	69,626	$	272,785		$	1,339,822

The changes in carrying amount of goodwill at the Company’s education division were as follows:



(in thousands)	Kaplan International		Higher Education			Test Preparation			Professional (U.S.)			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Goodwill	$	583,424	$	174,564		$	166,920		$	203,791		$	1,128,699
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(111,324		)	(102,259		)	(117,568		)	(331,151		)
	583,424		63,240			64,661			86,223			797,548
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	9,019		—			—			29			9,048
Balance as of March 31, 2019
Goodwill	592,443		174,564			166,920			203,820			1,137,747
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(111,324		)	(102,259		)	(117,568		)	(331,151		)
	$	592,443	$	63,240		$	64,661		$	86,252		$	806,596

Other intangible assets consist of the following:



		As of March 31, 2019						As of December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Useful Life Range	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortized Intangible Assets
Student and customer relationships	2–10 years	$	283,114	$	123,154	$	159,960	$	282,761	$	114,429	$	168,332
Trade names and trademarks	2–10 years	87,464		42,136		45,328		87,285		39,825		47,460
Network affiliation agreements	10 years	17,400		3,843		13,557		17,400		3,408		13,992
Databases and technology	3–6 years	27,059		9,702		17,357		27,041		8,471		18,570
Noncompete agreements	2–5 years	1,094		869		225		1,088		838		250
Other	1–8 years	24,530		10,701		13,829		24,530		9,873		14,657
		$	440,661	$	190,405	$	250,256	$	440,105	$	176,844	$	263,261
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Trade names and trademarks		$	81,607					$	80,102
Franchise agreements		28,000						—
FCC licenses		18,800						18,800
Licensure and accreditation		150						150
		$	128,557					$	99,052

8. DEBT

The Company’s borrowings consist of the following:



	As of
	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
5.75% unsecured notes due June 1, 2026 ⁽¹⁾	$	394,852		$	394,675
U.K. Credit facility ⁽²⁾	85,111			82,366
Commerical note	29,750			—
Other indebtedness	93			96
Total Debt	$	509,806		$	477,137
Less: current portion	(9,568		)	(6,360		)
Total Long-Term Debt	$	500,238		$	470,777

____________


(1)	The carrying value is net of $5.1 million and $5.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


(2)	The carrying value is net of $0.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The Company’s other indebtedness at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is at an interest rate of 2% and matures in 2026.

On January 31, 2019, the Company’s automotive subsidiary entered into a Commercial Note with SunTrust Bank in an aggregate principal amount of $30 million. The Commercial Note is payable over a 10-year period in monthly installments of $0.25 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest, due on the first of each month, with a final payment on January 31, 2029. The Commercial Note bears interest at LIBOR plus an applicable interest rate of 1.75% or 2% per annum, in each case determined on a quarterly basis based upon the automotive subsidiary’s Adjusted Leverage Ratio. The Commercial Note contains terms and conditions, including remedies in the event of a default by the automotive subsidiary. On the same date, the Company’s automotive subsidiary entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a total notional value of $30 million and a maturity date of January 31, 2029. The interest rate swap agreement will pay the automotive subsidiary variable interest on the $30 million notional amount at the one-month LIBOR, and the automotive subsidiary will pay counterparties a fixed rate of 2.7%, effectively resulting in a total fixed interest rate of 4.7% on the outstanding borrowings at the current applicable margin of 2.0%. The interest rate swap agreement was entered into to convert the variable rate borrowing under the Commercial Note into a fixed rate borrowing. Based on the terms of the interest rate swap agreement and the underlying borrowing, the interest rate swap was determined to be effective and thus qualifies as a cash flow hedge. As such, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are recorded in other comprehensive income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows.

Indenture). The Notes have a coupon rate of 5.75% per annum, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1. The Company may redeem the Notes in whole or in part at any time at the respective redemption prices described in the Indenture.

On June 29, 2018, the Company used the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes, together with cash on hand, to redeem the $400 million of 7.25% notes due February 1, 2019. The Company incurred $11.4 million in debt extinguishment costs in relation to the early termination of the 7.25% notes.

In combination with the issuance of the Notes, the Company and certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries named therein as guarantors entered into an amended and restated credit agreement providing for a U.S. $300 million five-year revolving credit facility (the Revolving Credit Facility) with each of the lenders party thereto, certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries from time to time party thereto as foreign borrowers, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (Wells Fargo), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Syndication Agent, and HSBC Bank USA, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A. as Documentation Agents (the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), which amends and restates the Company’s existing Five Year Credit Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2015, among the Company, certain of its domestic subsidiaries as guarantors, the several lenders from time to time party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Syndication Agent (the Existing Credit Agreement). The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amends the Existing Credit Agreement to (i) extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to May 30, 2023, unless the Company and the lenders agree to further extend the term, (ii) increase the aggregate principal amount of the Revolving Credit Facility to U.S. $300 million, consisting of a U.S. Dollar tranche of U.S. $200 million for borrowings in U.S. Dollars and a multicurrency tranche equivalent to U.S. $100 million for borrowings in U.S. Dollars and certain foreign currencies, (iii) provide for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility in U.S. Dollars and certain other foreign currencies specified in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, (iv) permit certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company to be added to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as foreign borrowers thereunder and (v) effect certain other modifications to the Existing Credit Agreement.

Under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on a quarterly basis, based on the Company’s leverage ratio, of between 0.15% and 0.25% of the amount of the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility. Any borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are made on an unsecured basis and bear interest at the Company’s option, either at (a) a fluctuating interest rate equal to the highest of Wells Fargo’s prime rate, 0.5 percent above the Federal funds rate or the one-month Eurodollar rate plus 1%, or (b) the Eurodollar rate for the applicable currency and interest period as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which is generally a periodic rate equal to LIBOR, CDOR, BBSY or SOR, as applicable, in the case of each of clauses (a) and (b) plus an applicable margin that depends on the Company’s consolidated debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA (as determined pursuant to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, Total Net Leverage Ratio). The Company and its foreign subsidiaries may draw on the Revolving Credit Facility for general corporate purposes. Any outstanding borrowings must be repaid on or prior to the final termination date. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains terms and conditions, including remedies in the event of a default by the Company, typical of facilities of this type and requires the Company to maintain a Total Net Leverage Ratio of not greater than 3.5 to 1.0 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of at least 3.5 to 1.0 based upon the ratio of consolidated adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest expense as determined pursuant to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Company is in compliance with all financial covenants as of March 31, 2019.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had average borrowings outstanding of approximately $494.4 million and $496.5 million, respectively, at average annual interest rates of approximately 5.1% and 6.2%, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred net interest expense of $5.7 million and $6.7 million, respectively.

At March 31, 2019, the fair value of the Company’s 5.75% unsecured notes, based on quoted market prices (Level 2 fair value assessment), totaled $421.0 million, compared with the carrying amount of $394.9 million. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of the Company’s 5.75% unsecured notes, based on quoted market prices (Level 2 fair value assessment), totaled $406.7 million, compared with the carrying amount of $394.7 million. The carrying value of the Company’s other unsecured debt at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 approximates fair value.

9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:



	As of March 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Total
Assets
Money market investments ⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	65,000	$	65,000
Marketable equity securities ⁽²⁾	510,307		—		510,307
Other current investments ⁽³⁾	10,608		7,027		17,635
Interest rate swap ⁽⁴⁾	—		190		190
Total Financial Assets	$	520,915	$	72,217	$	593,132
Liabilities
Deferred compensation plan liabilities ⁽⁵⁾	$	—	$	31,738	$	31,738
Interest rate swap ⁽⁶⁾	—		275		275
Total Financial Liabilities	$	—	$	32,013	$	32,013



	As of December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Total
Assets
Money market investments ⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	75,500	$	75,500
Marketable equity securities ⁽²⁾	496,390		—		496,390
Other current investments ⁽³⁾	11,203		6,988		18,191
Interest rate swap⁽⁴⁾	—		369		369
Total Financial Assets	$	507,593	$	82,857	$	590,450
Liabilities
Deferred compensation plan liabilities ⁽⁵⁾	$	—	$	36,080	$	36,080

____________


(1)	The Company’s money market investments are included in Cash and Cash Equivalents and the value considers the liquidity of the counterparty.


(2)	The Company’s investments in marketable equity securities are held in common shares of U.S. corporations that are actively traded on U.S. stock exchanges. Price quotes for these shares are readily available.


(3)	Includes U.S. Government Securities, corporate bonds, mutual funds and time deposits. These investments are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of the security or inputs that include quoted market prices for similar instruments and are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.


(4)	Included in Deferred Charges and Other Assets. The Company utilized a market approach model using the notional amount of the interest rate swap multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.

(5)

Includes Graham Holdings Company’s Deferred Compensation Plan and supplemental savings plan benefits under the Graham Holdings Company’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, which are included in accrued compensation and related benefits. These plans measure the market value of a participant’s balance in a notional investment account that is comprised primarily of mutual funds, which are based on observable market prices. However, since the deferred compensation obligations are not exchanged in an active market, they are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on deferred compensation are included in operating income.


(6)	Included in Other Liabilities. The Company utilized a market approach model using the notional amount of the interest rate swap multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.

10. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Revenue Recognition. The Company’s revenue disaggregated by revenue source was as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Education Revenue
Kaplan international	$	185,756		$	183,582
Higher education	82,780			99,830
Test preparation	61,150			59,151
Professional (U.S.)	41,214			33,356
Kaplan corporate and other	2,302			285
Intersegment elimination	(748		)	(705		)
	372,454			375,499
Television broadcasting	108,223			108,802
Manufacturing	115,157			117,406
Healthcare	37,728			37,621
SocialCode	13,447			13,299
Other	45,230			6,833
Intersegment elimination	(40		)	(24		)
Total Revenue	$	692,199		$	659,436

The Company generated 75% and 74% of its revenue from U.S. domestic sales for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively. The remaining 25% and 26% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively, was generated from non-U.S. sales.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, the Company recognized 76% and 81%, respectively, of its revenue over time as control of the services and goods transferred to the customer. The remaining 24% and 19%, respectively, of revenue was recognized at a point in time, when the customer obtained control of the promised goods.

Deferred Revenue. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of the Company’s performance, including amounts which are refundable. The following table presents the change in the Company’s deferred revenue balance:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		%
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		Change
Deferred revenue	$	299,068	$	311,214	(4)

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized $163.7 million related to the Company’s deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2018.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents deferred revenue amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of March 31, 2019, KTP’s deferred revenue balance related to certain medical and nursing qualifications with an original contract length greater than twelve months was $5.7 million. KTP expects to recognize 78% of this revenue over the next twelve months and the remainder thereafter.

Costs to Obtain a Contract. The following table presents changes in the Company’s costs to obtain a contract asset:



(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Costs associated with new contracts		Less: Costs amortized during the period			Other		Balance at End of Period
2019	$	21,311	$	11,071	$	(11,936	)	$	466	$	20,912

The majority of other activity is related to currency translation adjustments during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company’s unvested restricted stock awards contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends and, therefore, are considered participating securities for purposes of computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The diluted earnings per share computed under the two-class method is lower than the diluted earnings per share computed under the treasury stock method, resulting in the presentation of the lower amount in diluted earnings per share. The computation of the earnings per share under the two-class method excludes the income attributable to the unvested restricted stock awards from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of those underlying shares from the denominator.

The following reflects the Company’s net income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations using the two-class method:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2019			2018
Numerator:
Numerator for basic earnings per share:
Net income attributable to Graham Holdings Company common stockholders	$	81,748		$	42,891
Less: Dividends paid-common stock outstanding and unvested restricted shares	(14,779		)	(14,638		)
Undistributed earnings	66,969			28,253
Percent allocated to common stockholders	99.43		%	99.30		%
	66,588			28,057
Add: Dividends paid-common stock outstanding	14,695			14,539
Numerator for basic earnings per share	$	81,283		$	42,596
Add: Additional undistributed earnings due to dilutive stock options	3			1
Numerator for diluted earnings per share	$	81,286		$	42,597
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding	5,284			5,436
Add: Effect of dilutive stock options	42			37
Denominator for diluted earnings per share	5,326			5,473
Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders:
Basic earnings per share	$	15.38		$	7.84
Diluted earnings per share	$	15.26		$	7.78

Diluted earnings per share excludes the following weighted average potential common shares, as the effect would be antidilutive, as computed under the treasury stock method:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019	2018
Weighted average restricted stock	10	28

The diluted earnings per share amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 exclude the effects of 104,000 stock options outstanding, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive due to a market condition. The diluted earnings per share amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2018 exclude the effects of 5,250 restricted stock awards as their inclusion would have been antidilutive due to a performance condition.

In the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, the Company declared regular dividends totaling $2.78 and $2.66 per common share, respectively.

12. PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS

On March 22, 2018, the Company eliminated the accrual of pension benefits for certain Kaplan University employees related to their future service. As a result, the Company remeasured the accumulated and projected benefit obligation of the pension plan as of March 22, 2018, and the Company recorded a curtailment gain in the first quarter of 2018. The new measurement basis was used for the recognition of the Company’s pension benefit following the remeasurement. The curtailment gain on the Kaplan University transaction is included in the gain on the Kaplan University transaction and reported in Other income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Defined Benefit Plans. The total benefit arising from the Company’s defined benefit pension plans consists of the following components:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Service cost	$	5,221		$	4,940
Interest cost	11,592			11,255
Expected return on assets	(30,838		)	(32,486		)
Amortization of prior service cost	409			42
Recognized actuarial gain	(37		)	(1,046		)
Net Periodic Benefit	(13,653		)	(17,295		)
Curtailment gain	—			(806		)
Total Benefit	$	(13,653	)	$	(18,101	)

The total cost arising from the Company’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) consists of the following components:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019		2018
Service cost	$	214	$	205
Interest cost	1,078		966
Amortization of prior service cost	85		78
Recognized actuarial loss	579		601
Net Periodic Cost	$	1,956	$	1,850

Defined Benefit Plan Assets. The Company’s defined benefit pension obligations are funded by a portfolio made up of a U.S. stock index fund, a relatively small number of stocks and high-quality fixed-income securities that are held by a third-party trustee. The assets of the Company’s pension plan were allocated as follows:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
U.S. equities	53	%	53	%
U.S. stock index fund	28	%	28	%
U.S. fixed income	13	%	13	%
International equities	6	%	6	%
	100	%	100	%

The Company manages approximately 45% of the pension assets internally, of which the majority is invested in a U.S. stock index fund with the remaining investments in Berkshire Hathaway stock and short-term fixed income securities. The remaining 55% of plan assets are managed by two investment companies. The goal for the investments is to produce moderate long-term growth in the value of these assets, while protecting them against large decreases in value. Both investment managers may invest in a combination of equity and fixed-income securities and cash. The managers are not permitted to invest in securities of the Company or in alternative investments. One investment manager cannot invest more than 15% of the assets at the time of purchase in the stock of Alphabet and Berkshire Hathaway, no more than 25% of the assets it manages in specified international exchanges at the time the investment is made, and no less than 5% of the assets could be invested in fixed-income securities. The other investment manager cannot invest more than 20% of the assets at the time of purchase in the stock of Berkshire Hathaway, no more than 15% of the assets it manages in specified international exchanges, at the time the investment is made, and no less than 10% of the assets could be invested in fixed-income securities. Excluding the exceptions noted above, the investment managers cannot invest more than 10% of the assets in the securities of any other single issuer, except for obligations of the U.S. Government, without receiving prior approval from the Plan administrator.

In determining the expected rate of return on plan assets, the Company considers the relative weighting of plan assets, the historical performance of total plan assets and individual asset classes and economic and other indicators of future performance. In addition, the Company may consult with and consider the input of financial and other professionals in developing appropriate return benchmarks.

The Company evaluated its defined benefit pension plan asset portfolio for the existence of significant concentrations (defined as greater than 10% of plan assets) of credit risk as of March 31, 2019. Types of concentrations that were evaluated include, but are not limited to, investment concentrations in a single entity, type of industry, foreign country and individual fund. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the pension plan held investments in one common stock and one U.S. stock index fund that exceeded 10% of total plan assets. These

investments were valued at $1,001.3 million and $945.6 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, or approximately 43% and 45%, respectively, of total plan assets.

Other Postretirement Plans. The total cost arising from the Company’s other postretirement plans consists of the following components:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Service cost	$	—		$	268
Interest cost	72			170
Amortization of prior service credit	(1,841		)	(44		)
Recognized actuarial gain	(1,090		)	(922		)
Net Periodic Benefit	$	(2,859	)	$	(528	)

13. OTHER NON-OPERATING INCOME

A summary of non-operating income is as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Gain on sale of an equity affiliate	$	28,994		$	—
Foreign currency gain, net	514			177
Gain on sales of businesses	189			5,907
Gain on sale of a cost method investment	—			2,845
Other, net	(346		)	258
Total Other Non-Operating Income	$	29,351		$	9,187

In the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a $29.0 million gain on the sale of the Company’s interest in Gimlet Media.

In the first quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a $5.9 million gain on the sale of two businesses in the education division, including a gain of $4.3 million on the Kaplan University transaction (see Note 2).

14. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The other comprehensive income consists of the following components:



	Three Months Ended March 31
	2019								2018
	Before-Tax			Income		After-Tax			Before-Tax			Income			After-Tax
(in thousands)	Amount			Tax		Amount			Amount			Tax			Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Translation adjustments arising during the period	$	10,033		$	—	$	10,033		$	11,564		$	—		$	11,564
Pension and other postretirement plans:
Amortization of net prior service (credit) cost included in net income	(1,347		)	364		(983		)	76			(21		)	55
Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income	(548		)	147		(401		)	(1,367		)	369			(998		)
	(1,895		)	511		(1,384		)	(1,291		)	348			(943		)
Cash flow hedges:
(Loss) gain for the period	(467		)	108		(359		)	236			(45		)	191
Other Comprehensive Income	$	7,671		$	619	$	8,290		$	10,509		$	303		$	10,812

The accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:



(in thousands, net of taxes)	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Unrealized Gain on Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans			Cash Flow Hedges			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	(29,270	)	$	232,836		$	263		$	203,829
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	10,033			—			(305		)	9,728
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—			(1,384		)	(54		)	(1,438		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	10,033			(1,384		)	(359		)	8,290
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	(19,237	)	$	231,452		$	(96	)	$	212,119

The amounts and line items of reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) are as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31						Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	Three Months Ended March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans:
Amortization of net prior service (credit) cost	$	(1,347	)	$	76		(1)
Amortization of net actuarial gain	(548		)	(1,367		)	(1)
	(1,895		)	(1,291		)	Before tax
	511			348			Provision for Income Taxes
	(1,384		)	(943		)	Net of Tax
Cash Flow Hedges
	(69		)	3			Interest expense
	15			(1		)	Provision for Income Taxes
	(54		)	2			Net of Tax
Total reclassification for the period	$	(1,438	)	$	(941	)	Net of Tax

____________


(1)	These accumulated other comprehensive income components are components of net periodic pension and postretirement plan cost (see Note 12) and are included in non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

15. CONTINGENCIES

Litigation, Legal and Other Matters. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to complaints and administrative proceedings and are defendants in various civil lawsuits that have arisen in the ordinary course of their businesses, including contract disputes; actions alleging negligence, libel, defamation, invasion of privacy; trademark, copyright and patent infringement; U.S. False Claims Act (False Claims Act) violations; violations of applicable wage and hour laws; and statutory or common law claims involving current and former students and employees. Although the outcomes of the legal claims and proceedings against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, based on currently available information, management believes that there are no existing claims or proceedings that are likely to have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, based on currently available information, management believes it is reasonably possible that future losses from existing and threatened legal, regulatory and other proceedings in excess of the amounts recorded could reach approximately $45 million.

During 2014, certain Kaplan subsidiaries were subject to unsealed cases filed by former employees that include, among other allegations, claims under the False Claims Act relating to eligibility for Title IV funding. The U.S. government declined to intervene in all cases, and, as previously reported, court decisions either dismissed the cases in their entirety or narrowed the scope of their allegations. The remaining case is captioned United States of America ex rel. Carlos Urquilla-Diaz et al. v. Kaplan University et al. (unsealed March 25, 2008). On August 17, 2011, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida issued a series of rulings in the Diaz case, which included three separate complaints: Diaz, Wilcox and Gillespie. The court dismissed the Wilcox complaint in its entirety; dismissed all False Claims Act allegations in the Diaz complaint, leaving only an individual employment claim; and dismissed in part the Gillespie complaint, thereby limiting the scope and time frame of its False Claims Act allegations regarding compliance with the U.S. Federal Rehabilitation Act. On October 31, 2012, the court entered summary judgment in favor of the Company as to the sole remaining employment claim in the Diaz complaint. On July 16, 2013, the court likewise entered summary judgment in favor of the Company on all remaining claims in the Gillespie complaint. Diaz and Gillespie each appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Judicial Circuit. Arguments on both appeals were heard on February 3, 2015. On March 11, 2015, the appellate court issued a decision affirming the lower court’s dismissal of all of Gillespie’s claims. The appellate court

also dismissed three of the four Diaz claims, but reversed and remanded on Diaz’s claim that incentive compensation for admissions representatives was improperly based solely on enrollment counts. Kaplan filed an answer to Diaz’s amended complaint on September 11, 2015. Kaplan filed a motion to dismiss Diaz’s claims, and a hearing was held on December 17, 2015. On March 24, 2016, the Court denied the motion to dismiss. Discovery in the case closed in January 2017. Kaplan filed a motion for summary judgment on February 21, 2017. Summary judgment was granted in full and entered on July 13, 2017. Diaz filed a notice of appeal in September 2017 and filed his initial brief. Kaplan filed a response brief in the third quarter of 2018. In April 2019, the Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court’s summary judgment in full.

On September 3, 2015, Kaplan sold to ECA substantially all of the assets of KHE nationally accredited on-ground Title IV eligible schools (KHE Campuses). The transaction included the transfer of certain real estate leases that were guaranteed by Kaplan. As part of the transaction, Kaplan retained liability for, among other things, obligations arising under certain lease guarantees. ECA is currently in receivership and has terminated all of its higher education operations other than the New England College of Business (NECB). The receiver has repudiated all of ECA’s real estate leases not connected to NECB. Although ECA is required to indemnify Kaplan for any amounts Kaplan must pay due to ECA’s failure to fulfill its obligations under real estate leases guaranteed by Kaplan, ECA’s financial situation and the existence of secured and unsecured creditors make it unlikely that Kaplan will recover from ECA. In the second half of 2018, the Company recorded an estimated $17.5 million in losses on guarantor lease obligations in connection with this transaction in other non-operating expense. The Company continues to monitor the status of these obligations and there was no significant change to estimated losses in the first quarter of 2019.

Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC), a department of the U.K. government responsible for the collection of taxes, has raised assessments against the Kaplan U.K. Pathways business for Value Added Tax (VAT) relating to 2017 and earlier years, which have been paid by Kaplan. In September 2017, in a case captioned Kaplan International Colleges UK Limited v. The Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs, Kaplan challenged these assessments. The Company believes it has met all requirements under U.K. VAT law and expects to recover the £16.1 million receivable related to the assessments and subsequent payments that have been paid. Following a hearing held in January 2019, before the First Tier Tax Tribunal, all issues related to EU law in the case were referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union. If the Company does not prevail in this case, a pre-tax charge of £16.1 million will be recorded to operating expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations.

In March 2018, HMRC issued new VAT guidance indicating a change of policy in relation to certain aspects of a cost sharing exemption that could impact the U.K. Pathways business adversely if this guidance were to become law. As of March 31, 2019, this guidance had not been incorporated into U.K. law. If Kaplan is not successful in preserving a valid exemption under U.K. VAT law, the U.K. Pathways business would incur additional VAT expense in the future.

Department of Education (ED) Program Reviews. The ED has undertaken program reviews at various KHE locations.

On February 23, 2015, the ED began a program review assessing KU’s administration of its Title IV and Higher Education Act programs during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 award years. In 2018, Kaplan contributed the institutional assets and operations of KU to Purdue Global, and the university became Purdue Global, under the ownership and control of Purdue University. However, Kaplan retains liability for any financial obligations the ED might impose under this program review and that are the result of actions taken during the time that Kaplan owned the institution. On September 28, 2018, the ED issued a Preliminary Program Report (Preliminary Report). This Preliminary Report is not final, and the ED may change the findings in the final report. None of the initial findings in the Preliminary Report carries material financial liability. Although the program review technically covers only the 2013–2015 award years, the ED included a review of the treatment of student financial aid refunds for students who withdrew from a program prior to completion in 2017–2018. KHE cannot predict the outcome of this review, when it will be completed, whether any final findings of non-compliance with financial aid program or other requirements will impact KHE’s operations, or what liability or other limitations the ED might place on KHE or Purdue Global as a result of this review.

There are also two open program reviews at campuses that were part of the KHE Campuses business prior to its sale in 2015 to ECA. The ED’s final reports on the program reviews at former KHE Broomall, PA, and Pittsburgh, PA, locations are pending. KHE retains responsibility for any financial obligations resulting from these program reviews.

The Company does not expect the open program reviews to have a material impact on KHE; however, the results of open program reviews and their impact on Kaplan’s operations are uncertain.

16. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

The Company has six reportable segments: Kaplan International, Kaplan Higher Education, Kaplan Test Preparation, Kaplan Professional (U.S.), Television Broadcasting and Healthcare.

The following table summarizes the financial information related to each of the Company’s business segments:



	Three months ended
	March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Operating Revenues
Education	$	372,454		$	375,499
Television broadcasting	108,223			108,802
Healthcare	37,728			37,621
Other businesses	173,834			137,538
Corporate office	—			—
Intersegment elimination	(40		)	(24		)
	$	692,199		$	659,436
Income (Loss) from Operations
Education	$	25,595		$	22,700
Television broadcasting	35,540			40,542
Healthcare	2,329			(1,391		)
Other businesses	(9,237		)	(3,695		)
Corporate office	(14,224		)	(13,942		)
	$	40,003		$	44,214
Equity in Earnings of Affiliates, Net	1,679			2,579
Interest Expense, Net	(5,725		)	(6,699		)
Non-Operating Pension and Postretirement Benefit Income, Net	19,928			21,386
Gain (Loss) on Marketable Equity Securities, Net	24,066			(14,102		)
Other Income, Net	29,351			9,187
Income Before Income Taxes	$	109,302		$	56,565
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
Education	$	6,201		$	7,606
Television broadcasting	3,239			3,071
Healthcare	610			653
Other businesses	3,233			3,059
Corporate office	240			253
	$	13,523		$	14,642
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Education	$	3,567		$	1,149
Television broadcasting	1,408			1,408
Healthcare	1,398			1,808
Other businesses	6,687			6,019
Corporate office	—			—
	$	13,060		$	10,384
Pension Service Cost
Education	$	2,664		$	2,664
Television broadcasting	731			493
Healthcare	183			122
Other businesses	474			289
Corporate office	1,169			1,372
	$	5,221		$	4,940

Asset information for the Company’s business segments are as follows:



	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Identifiable Assets
Education	$	1,853,208	$	1,568,747
Television broadcasting	467,270		452,853
Healthcare	115,622		108,596
Other businesses	951,773		827,113
Corporate office	141,343		162,971
	$	3,529,216	$	3,120,280
Investments in Marketable Equity Securities	510,307		496,390
Investments in Affiliates	140,127		143,813
Prepaid Pension Cost	1,017,584		1,003,558
Total Assets	$	5,197,234	$	4,764,041

The Company’s education division comprises the following operating segments:



	Three months ended
	March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Operating Revenues
Kaplan international	$	185,756		$	183,582
Higher education	82,780			99,830
Test preparation	61,150			59,151
Professional (U.S.)	41,214			33,356
Kaplan corporate and other	2,302			285
Intersegment elimination	(748		)	(705		)
	$	372,454		$	375,499
Income (Loss) from Operations
Kaplan international	$	24,285		$	20,404
Higher education	1,915			1,355
Test preparation	(454		)	521
Professional (U.S.)	11,259			9,315
Kaplan corporate and other	(11,404		)	(8,895		)
Intersegment elimination	(6		)	—
	$	25,595		$	22,700
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
Kaplan international	$	3,882		$	3,974
Higher education	597			1,858
Test preparation	805			978
Professional (U.S.)	865			642
Kaplan corporate and other	52			154
	$	6,201		$	7,606
Amortization of Intangible Assets	$	3,567		$	1,149
Pension Service Cost
Kaplan international	$	117		$	83
Higher education	1,163			1,406
Test preparation	866			729
Professional (U.S.)	348			290
Kaplan corporate and other	170			156
	$	2,664		$	2,664

Asset information for the Company’s education division is as follows:



	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Identifiable assets
Kaplan international	$	1,273,080	$	1,101,040
Higher education	182,909		126,752
Test preparation	159,620		145,308
Professional (U.S.)	170,395		166,916
Kaplan corporate and other	67,204		28,731
	$	1,853,208	$	1,568,747

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

This analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

Results of Operations

The Company reported net income attributable to common shares of $81.7 million ($15.26 per share) for the first quarter of 2019, compared to $42.9 million ($7.78 per share) for the first quarter of 2018.

Items included in the Company’s net income for the first quarter of 2019:


•	a $1.8 million reduction to operating expenses from property, plant and equipment gains in connection with the spectrum repacking mandate of the FCC (after-tax impact of $1.4 million, or $0.26 per share);


•	$24.1 million in net gains on marketable equity securities (after-tax impact of $18.0 million, or $3.37 per share);


•	$29.0 million gain from the sale of Gimlet Media (after-tax impact of $21.7 million, or $4.06 per share);


•	$0.5 million in non-operating foreign currency gains (after-tax impact of $0.4 million, or $0.07 per share); and


•	$1.7 million in income tax benefits related to stock compensation ($0.32 per share).

Items included in the Company’s net income for the first quarter of 2018:


•	a $0.3 million reduction to operating expenses from property, plant and equipment gains in connection with the spectrum repacking mandate of the FCC (after-tax impact of $0.2 million, or $0.04 per share);


•	$14.1 million in net losses on marketable equity securities (after-tax impact of $10.7 million, or $1.94 per share);


•	non-operating gain, net, of $4.4 million from sales of a cost method investment and a business (after-tax impact of $3.6 million, or $0.65 per share);


•	a $4.3 million gain on the Kaplan University Transaction (after-tax impact of $1.8 million, or $0.33 per share);


•	$0.2 million in non-operating foreign currency gains (after-tax impact of $0.1 million, or $0.02 per share); and


•	$1.8 million in income tax benefits related to stock compensation ($0.33 per share).

Revenue for the first quarter of 2019 was $692.2 million, up 5% from $659.4 million in the first quarter of 2018. Revenues grew at other businesses, partially offset by declines at the education, television broadcasting, and manufacturing divisions. The Company reported operating income of $40.0 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared to $44.2 million for the first quarter of 2018. The operating income decline is driven by lower earnings in the television broadcasting and manufacturing divisions, partially offset by improvements in education and healthcare division results.

Division Results

Education

Education division revenue totaled $372.5 million for the first quarter of 2019, down 1% from $375.5 million for the same period of 2018. Kaplan reported operating income of $25.6 million for the first quarter of 2019, up 13% from $22.7 million for the first quarter of 2018.

A summary of Kaplan’s operating results is as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31
(in thousands)	2019			2018			% Change
Revenue
Kaplan international	$	185,756		$	183,582		1
Higher education	82,780			99,830			(17	)
Test preparation	61,150			59,151			3
Professional (U.S.)	41,214			33,356			24
Kaplan corporate and other	2,302			285			—
Intersegment elimination	(748		)	(705		)	—
	$	372,454		$	375,499		(1	)
Operating Income (Loss)
Kaplan international	$	24,285		$	20,404		19
Higher education	1,915			1,355			41
Test preparation	(454		)	521			—
Professional (U.S.)	11,259			9,315			21
Kaplan corporate and other	(7,837		)	(7,746		)	(1	)
Amortization of intangible assets	(3,567		)	(1,149		)	—
Intersegment elimination	(6		)	—			—
	$	25,595		$	22,700		13

Kaplan International includes English-language programs, and postsecondary education and professional training businesses largely outside the United States. Kaplan International revenue increased 1% for the first quarter of 2019. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 7% for the first quarter of 2019. Operating income increased to $24.3 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $20.4 million in the first quarter of 2018. Revenue and operating income increased due to improved results at Pathways and UK Professional, offset by declines in Singapore.

Prior to the KU Transaction closing on March 22, 2018, Higher Education included Kaplan’s domestic postsecondary education businesses, made up of fixed-facility colleges and online postsecondary and career programs. Following the KU Transaction closing, the Higher Education division includes the results as a service provider to higher education institutions. In the first quarter of 2019, Higher Education revenue was down 17% due to the KU Transaction. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded a portion of the service fee with Purdue Global based on an assessment of its collectability under the TOSA. The Company will continue to assess the collectability of the service fee with Purdue Global on a quarterly basis to make a determination as to whether to record all or part of the service fee in the future and whether to make adjustments to service fee amounts recognized in earlier periods.

Kaplan Test Preparation (KTP) includes Kaplan’s standardized test preparation programs. In September 2018, KTP acquired the test preparation and study guide assets of Barron’s Educational Series, a New York-based education publishing company. KTP revenue increased 3% for the first quarter of 2019 due to the Barron’s acquisition. Excluding revenue from the Barron’s acquisition, revenues were down 5% for the first quarter of 2019, due to declines in demand for classroom-based offerings, offset in part by growth in online-based programs. KTP operating results declined in the first quarter of 2019, due partly to increased losses from the new economy skills training programs. Operating losses for the new economy skills training programs were $1.1 million and $0.5 million for the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Excluding losses from the new economy skills training programs, KTP operating results were down in the first quarter of 2019, due primarily to revenue declines for classroom-based offerings.

Kaplan Professional (U.S.) includes the domestic professional and other continuing education businesses. In the first quarter of 2019, Kaplan Professional (U.S.) revenue was up 24% due mostly to the May 2018 acquisition of Professional Publications, Inc. (PPI), an independent publisher of professional licensing exam review materials that provides engineering, surveying, architecture, and interior design licensure exam review products, and the July 2018 acquisition of College for Financial Planning (CFFP), a provider of financial education and training to individuals through programs of study for professionals pursuing a career in Financial Planning. Kaplan Professional (U.S) operating results increased 21% for the first quarter of 2019 due mostly to earnings from PPI and CFFP.

Kaplan corporate and other represents unallocated expenses of Kaplan, Inc.’s corporate office, other minor businesses and certain shared activities.

Television Broadcasting

Revenue at the television broadcasting division decreased 1% to $108.2 million in the first quarter of 2019, from $108.8 million in the same period of 2018. The revenue decline is due to $8.6 million in first quarter 2018 incremental winter Olympics-related advertising revenue at the Company’s NBC affiliates and a $1.6 million decrease in political advertising revenue, offset by $9.7 million in higher retransmission revenues. Operating income for the first quarter of 2019 declined 12% to $35.5 million, from $40.5 million in the same period of 2018, due to lower revenues and increased network fees.

In the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, the television broadcasting division recorded $1.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in reductions to operating expenses related to non-cash property, plant and equipment gains due to new equipment received at no cost in connection with the spectrum repacking mandate of the FCC.

In March 2019, the Company’s television station in Orlando (WKMG) entered into a new network affiliation agreement with CBS that covers the period April 7, 2019 through June 30, 2022.

Healthcare

The Graham Healthcare Group (GHG) provides home health and hospice services in three states. Healthcare revenues were flat in the first quarter of 2019. The improvement in GHG operating results in 2019 is due to the absence of integration costs and other overall cost reduction in the first quarter of 2019.

Other Businesses

A summary of Other Businesses’ operating results is as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						%
(in thousands)	2019			2018			Change
Operating Revenues
Manufacturing	$	115,157		$	117,406		(2	)
SocialCode	13,447			13,299			1
Other	45,230			6,833			—
	$	173,834		$	137,538		26
Operating Expenses
Manufacturing	$	111,883		$	108,778		3
SocialCode	17,465			17,080			2
Other	53,723			15,375			—
	$	183,071		$	141,233		30
Operating Income (Loss)
Manufacturing	$	3,274		$	8,628		(62	)
SocialCode	(4,018		)	(3,781		)	(6	)
Other	(8,493		)	(8,542		)	1
	$	(9,237	)	$	(3,695	)	—
Depreciation
Manufacturing	$	2,433		$	2,451		(1	)
SocialCode	152			233			(35	)
Other	648			375			73
	$	3,233		$	3,059		6
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Manufacturing	$	6,530		$	5,936		10
SocialCode	157			83			89
Other	—			—			—
	$	6,687		$	6,019		11
Pension Expense
Manufacturing	$	25		$	17		47
SocialCode	248			156			59
Other	201			116			73
	$	474		$	289		64

Manufacturing includes four businesses: Hoover, a supplier of pressure impregnated kiln-dried lumber and plywood products for fire retardant and preservative applications; Dekko, a manufacturer of electrical workspace solutions, architectural lighting and electrical components and assemblies; Joyce/Dayton, a manufacturer of screw jacks and other linear motion systems; and Forney, a global supplier of products and systems that control and monitor

combustion processes in electric utility and industrial applications. In July 2018, Dekko acquired Furnlite, Inc., a Fallston, NC-based manufacturer of power and data solutions for the hospitality and residential furniture industry.

Manufacturing revenues declined 2% in the first quarter of 2019 due to a decline at Hoover from lower wood prices. Manufacturing operating income declined in the first quarter of 2019 due largely to increased labor and other operating costs at Hoover and Dekko, along with gains on inventory sales at Hoover in the first quarter of 2018.

SocialCode is a provider of marketing solutions on social, mobile and video platforms. In the third quarter of 2018, SocialCode acquired Marketplace Strategy, a Cleveland-based Amazon sales acceleration agency. SocialCode’s revenue increased 1% in the first quarter of 2019. SocialCode reported operating losses of $4.0 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $3.8 million in the first quarter of 2018.

On January 31, 2019, the Company acquired two automotive dealerships, Lexus of Rockville and Honda of Tysons Corner, from Sonic Automotive. The Company also announced it had entered into an agreement with Christopher J. Ourisman, a member of the Ourisman Automotive Group family of dealerships. Mr. Ourisman and his team of industry professionals will operate and manage the dealerships. Graham Holdings Company holds a 90% stake. Revenues from other businesses increased due mostly to the automotive dealership acquisition.

Other businesses also includes Slate and Foreign Policy, which publish online and print magazines and websites; and three investment stage businesses, Megaphone, Pinna and CyberVista. Megaphone, Slate and CyberVista reported revenue increases in the first quarter of 2019. Losses from each of these five businesses in the first three months of 2019 adversely affected operating results.

Corporate Office

Corporate office includes the expenses of the Company’s corporate office and certain continuing obligations related to prior business dispositions.

Equity in Earnings of Affiliates

At March 31, 2019, the Company held an 11% interest in Intersection Holdings, LLC, a company that provides digital marketing and advertising services and products for cities, transit systems, airports, and other public and private spaces. The Company also holds interests in a number of home health and hospice joint ventures, and several other affiliates. The Company recorded equity in earnings of affiliates of $1.7 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared to $2.6 million for the first quarter of 2018.

Net Interest Expense and Related Balances

In connection with the auto dealership acquisition that closed on January 31, 2019, a subsidiary of the Company borrowed $30 million to finance a portion of the acquisition and entered into an interest rate swap to fix the interest rate on the debt at 4.7% per annum. The subsidiary is required to repay the loan over a 10-year period by making monthly installment payments.

On May 30, 2018, the Company issued 5.75% unsecured eight-year fixed-rate notes due June 1, 2026. Interest is payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1. On June 29, 2018, the Company used the net proceeds from the sale of the notes and other cash to repay $400 million of 7.25% notes that were due February 1, 2019.

The Company incurred net interest expense of $5.7 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared to $6.7 million for the first quarter of 2018.

At March 31, 2019, the Company had $509.8 million in borrowings outstanding at an average interest rate of 5.1% and cash, marketable equity securities and other investments of $719.1 million.

Non-operating Pension and Postretirement Benefit Income, net

The Company recorded net non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income of $19.9 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared to $21.4 million for the first quarter of 2018.

Gain (Loss) on Marketable Equity Securities, net

Overall, the Company recognized $24.1 million in net gains on marketable equity securities in first quarter of 2019, compared to $14.1 million in net losses on marketable equity securities in the first quarter of 2018.

Other Non-Operating Income

The Company recorded total other non-operating income, net, of $29.4 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared to $9.2 million for the first quarter of 2018. The 2019 amounts included a $29.0 million gain on the sale of the Company’s interest in Gimlet Media and $0.5 million in foreign currency gains, offset by other items. The 2018 amounts included a $5.9 million gain on sales of businesses; a $2.8 million gain on the sale of a cost method investment; $0.2 million in foreign currency gains; and other items.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the first three months of 2019 and 2018 was 25.3% and 24.0%, respectively. In the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded income tax benefits related to stock compensation of $1.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

Earnings Per Share

The calculation of diluted earnings per share for the first quarter of 2019 was based on 5,326,448 weighted average shares outstanding, compared to 5,472,643 for the first quarter of 2018. At March 31, 2019, there were 5,314,930 shares outstanding. On November 9, 2017, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to acquire up to 500,000 shares of its Class B common stock; the Company has remaining authorization for 273,655 shares as of March 31, 2019.

Financial Condition: Capital Resources and Liquidity

Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses and Other Transactions

Acquisitions. On January 31, 2019, the Company acquired an interest in two automotive dealerships for cash and the assumption of floor plan payables. In connection with the acquisition, the automotive subsidiary of the Company borrowed $30 million to finance the acquisition and entered into an interest rate swap to fix the interest rate on the debt at 4.7% per annum. The Company has a 90% interest in the automotive subsidiary. The Company also entered into a management services agreement with an entity affiliated with Christopher J. Ourisman, a member of the Ourisman Automotive Group family of dealerships. Mr. Ourisman and his team will operate and manage the dealerships. In addition, the Company advanced $3.5 million to the minority shareholder, an entity controlled by Mr. Ourisman, at an interest rate of 6% per annum. The acquisition is expected to provide benefits in the future by diversifying the Company’s business operations and is included in other businesses.

publishing company. The acquisitions are expected to complement the healthcare and test preparation services currently offered by GHG and Kaplan, respectively. GHG is included in the healthcare division. The Barron’s Educational Series acquisition is included in test preparation.

Capital Expenditures

During the first three months of 2019, the Company’s capital expenditures totaled $26.1 million. This amount includes assets acquired during the year, whereas the amounts reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are based on cash payments made during the relevant periods. The Company estimates that its capital expenditures will be in the range of $95 million to $105 million in 2019. This includes amounts for constructing an academic and student residential facility in connection with Kaplan’s Pathways program in Liverpool, U.K. This also includes capital expenditures in connection with spectrum repacking at the Company’s television stations in Detroit, MI, Jacksonville, FL, and Roanoke, VA, as mandated by the FCC; these expenditures are expected to be largely reimbursed to the Company by the FCC.

Liquidity

The Company’s borrowings were $509.8 million and $477.1 million, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

At March 31, 2019, the Company had cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments in marketable securities and other investments totaling $719.1 million, compared with $778.7 million at December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, the Company held approximately $92 million in cash and cash equivalents in businesses domiciled outside the U.S., of which approximately $8 million is not available for immediate use in operations or for distribution. Additionally, Kaplan’s business operations outside the U.S. retain cash balances to support ongoing working capital requirements, capital expenditures, and regulatory requirements. As a result, the Company considers a significant portion of the cash and cash equivalents balance held outside the U.S. as not readily available for use in U.S. operations.

The Company’s net cash used by operating activities, as reported in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, was $37.9 million for the first three months of 2019, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $19.0 million for the first three months of 2018. The decrease is due to changes in working capital, payroll timing and an increase in incentive compensation payments.

On January 31, 2019, the Company’s automotive subsidiary entered into a Commercial Note with SunTrust Bank in an aggregate principal amount of $30 million. The Commercial Note is payable over a 10-year period in monthly installments of $0.25 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest, due on the first of each month, with a final payment on January 31, 2029. The Commercial Note bears interest at LIBOR plus an applicable interest rate of 1.75% or 2.00% per annum, in each case determined on a quarterly basis based upon the automotive subsidiary’s Adjusted Leverage Ratio. The Commercial Note contains terms and conditions, including remedies in the event of a default by the automotive subsidiary. On the same date, the Company’s automotive subsidiary entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a total notional value of $30 million and a maturity date of January 31, 2029. The interest rate swap agreement will pay the automotive subsidiary variable interest on the $30 million notional amount at the one-month LIBOR, and the automotive subsidiary will pay counterparties a fixed rate of 2.7%, effectively resulting in a total fixed interest rate of 4.7% on the outstanding borrowings at the current applicable margin of 2.0%. The interest rate swap agreement was entered into to convert the variable rate borrowing under the Commercial Note into a fixed rate borrowing. Based on the terms of the interest rate swap agreement and the underlying borrowing, the interest rate swap was determined to be effective and thus qualifies as a cash flow hedge. As such, changes in the

fair value of the interest rate swap are recorded in other comprehensive income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows.

On May 30, 2018, the Company issued $400 million senior unsecured fixed-rate notes due June 1, 2026 (the Notes). The Notes are guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis, by certain of the Company’s existing and future domestic subsidiaries, as described in the terms of the indenture, dated as of May 30, 2018 (the Indenture). The Notes have a coupon rate of 5.75% per annum, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1. The Company may redeem the Notes in whole or in part at any time at the respective redemption prices described in the Indenture.

On May 21, 2018, Moody’s affirmed the Company’s credit ratings, but revised the outlook from Negative to Stable.

The Company’s current credit ratings are as follows:



	Moody’s	Standard & Poor’s
Long-term	Ba1	BB+

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had working capital of $647.8 million and $720.2 million, respectively. The Company maintains working capital levels consistent with its underlying business requirements and consistently generates cash from operations in excess of required interest or principal payments. The Company expects to fund its estimated capital needs primarily through existing cash balances and internally generated funds. In management’s opinion, the Company will have sufficient liquidity to meet its various cash needs within the next 12 months.

The Company adopted the new lease accounting guidance on January 1, 2019 and recognized right-of-use assets of $369.3 million and lease liabilities of $418.3 million. Please refer to Note 1 - Organization, Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Note 6 - Leases for further discussion of the new lease accounting guidance.

There were no other significant changes to the Company’s contractual obligations or other commercial commitments from those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain forward-looking statements that are based largely on the Company’s current expectations. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and achievements to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. For more information about these forward-looking statements and related risks, please refer to the section titled “Forward-Looking Statements” in Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

The Company is exposed to market risk in the normal course of its business due primarily to its ownership of marketable equity securities, which are subject to equity price risk; to its borrowing and cash-management activities, which are subject to interest rate risk; and to its foreign business operations, which are subject to foreign exchange rate risk. The Company’s market risk disclosures set forth in its 2018 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K have not otherwise changed significantly.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed by the Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the Company’s principal executive officer) and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (the Company’s principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), as of March 31, 2019. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as designed and implemented, are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner that allows timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. Exhibits.



Exhibit Number	Description

3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated November 13, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2003).

3.2	Certificate of Amendment, effective November 29, 2013, to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s current Report on Form 8-K dated November 29, 2013).

3.3	By-Laws of the Company as amended and restated through November 29, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 29, 2013).

4.1	Senior Notes Indenture dated as of May 30, 2018, between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 24, 2018).

4.2	Amended and Restated Five Year Credit Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2018, among the Company, and the foreign borrowers from time to time party thereto, and certain of its domestic subsidiaries as guarantors, the several lenders from time to time party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Syndication Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018).

31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer.

31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer.

32	Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. *

101	The following financial information from Graham Holdings Company Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed "furnished" and not "filed" or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, are deemed "furnished" and not "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise are not subject to liability under these sections.


*	Furnished herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
		(Registrant)

Date: May 1, 2019		/s/ Timothy J. O’Shaughnessy
		Timothy J. O’Shaughnessy, President & Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 1, 2019		/s/ Wallace R. Cooney
		Wallace R. Cooney, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)