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Graham Holdings Co - Quarter Report: 2023 June (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2023
or
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number 001-06714
GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware53-0182885
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1300 North 17th Street, Arlington, Virginia

22209
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(703) 345-6300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class B Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share GHCNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  .    No  .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  .    No  .  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
Accelerated
filer
Non-accelerated
filer
Smaller reporting
company
Emerging growth
company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐.    No  .  
Shares outstanding at July 28, 2023:
Class A Common Stock – 964,001 Shares
Class B Common Stock – 3,684,526 Shares



GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
Index to Form 10-Q
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Organization, Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses

Investments

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Inventories, Contracts in Progress and Vehicle Floor Plan Payable

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Debt

Fair Value Measurements

Revenue From Contracts With Customers

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Pension and Postretirement Plans

Other Non-Operating Income

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Contingencies

Business Segments
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition
 
 
 
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
 
 
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
 
 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 6.
Exhibits
 
 
Signatures



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
  
(in thousands, except per share amounts)2023202220232022
Operating Revenues
Sales of services$625,219 $563,113 $1,212,082 $1,120,682 
Sales of goods479,780 370,189 924,463 727,341 
1,104,999 933,302 2,136,545 1,848,023 
Operating Costs and Expenses    
Cost of services sold (exclusive of items shown below)363,030 329,702 719,972 654,683 
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of items shown below)404,824 302,126 775,096 592,646 
Selling, general and administrative244,683 227,844 486,645 452,706 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment21,103 19,413 41,128 38,888 
Amortization of intangible assets13,304 14,889 27,248 29,801 
Impairment of long-lived assets — 745 — 
  1,046,944 893,974 2,050,834 1,768,724 
Income from Operations58,055 39,328 85,711 79,299 
Equity in (losses) earnings of affiliates, net(6,115)1,427 (1,454)4,031 
Interest income1,548 696 2,752 1,411 
Interest expense(11,774)(15,973)(26,068)(27,390)
Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net29,815 50,871 61,660 101,376 
Gain (loss) on marketable equity securities, net78,648 (165,540)96,670 (118,628)
Other income, net15,794 1,176 18,877 4,052 
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes165,971 (88,015)238,148 44,151 
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes41,800 (21,400)61,000 14,200 
Net Income (Loss)124,171 (66,615)177,148 29,951 
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests(1,383)(870)(2,088)(1,812)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders$122,788 $(67,485)$175,060 $28,139 
Per Share Information Attributable to Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders
      
Basic net income (loss) per common share$25.96 $(13.95)$36.78 $5.76 
Basic average number of common shares outstanding4,700 4,842 4,729 4,857 
Diluted net income (loss) per common share$25.89 $(13.95)$36.67 $5.74 
Diluted average number of common shares outstanding4,713 4,842 4,744 4,870 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
1


GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Net Income (Loss)$124,171 $(66,615)$177,148 $29,951 
Other Comprehensive Loss, Before Tax      
Foreign currency translation adjustments:      
Translation adjustments arising during the period2,384 (40,928)11,378 (42,666)
Pension and other postretirement plans:        
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income
411 716 820 1,432 
Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income
(10,434)(18,082)(21,200)(35,856)
  (10,023)(17,366)(20,380)(34,424)
Cash flow hedges gain1,188 1,091 258 2,733 
Other Comprehensive Loss, Before Tax(6,451)(57,203)(8,744)(74,357)
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive loss
2,305 4,224 5,183 8,243 
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax(4,146)(52,979)(3,561)(66,114)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)120,025 (119,594)173,587 (36,163)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(1,383)(870)(2,088)(1,812)
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Graham Holdings Company$118,642 $(120,464)$171,499 $(37,975)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2


GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of
(in thousands)June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
  (Unaudited)  
Assets    
Current Assets    
Cash and cash equivalents$111,738 $169,319 
Restricted cash40,468 20,467 
Investments in marketable equity securities and other investments661,306 622,408 
Accounts receivable, net468,363 560,779 
Inventories and contracts in progress259,224 226,811 
Prepaid expenses119,100 97,450 
Income taxes receivable2,048 9,313 
Other current assets3,683 1,547 
Total Current Assets1,665,930 1,708,094 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net511,182 503,000 
Lease Right-of-Use Assets420,357 429,403 
Investments in Affiliates198,261 186,419 
Goodwill, Net1,568,020 1,560,953 
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets181,026 178,934 
Amortized Intangible Assets, Net134,363 161,422 
Prepaid Pension Cost1,684,914 1,658,046 
Deferred Income Taxes6,850 6,812 
Deferred Charges and Other Assets (includes $174 and $646 of restricted cash)
233,055 189,132 
Total Assets$6,603,958 $6,582,215 
Liabilities and Equity    
Current Liabilities    
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities$559,153 $563,005 
Deferred revenue319,549 381,416 
Income taxes payable10,305 3,766 
Current portion of lease liabilities70,431 70,007 
Current portion of long-term debt141,161 155,813 
Dividends declared7,788 — 
Total Current Liabilities1,108,387 1,174,007 
Accrued Compensation and Related Benefits137,588 134,921 
Other Liabilities32,974 37,506 
Deferred Income Taxes485,467 466,275 
Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest31,136 30,845 
Lease Liabilities383,318 393,626 
Long-Term Debt565,564 570,547 
Total Liabilities2,744,434 2,807,727 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14)
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests26,999 21,827 
Preferred Stock — 
Common Stockholders’ Equity    
Common stock20,000 20,000 
Capital in excess of par value385,399 390,438 
Retained earnings7,314,654 7,163,128 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes  
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment(43,260)(54,638)
Unrealized gain on pensions and other postretirement plans373,453 388,591 
Cash flow hedges2,397 2,198 
Cost of Class B common stock held in treasury(4,243,166)(4,178,334)
Total Common Stockholders’ Equity3,809,477 3,731,383 
Noncontrolling Interests23,048 21,278 
Total Equity3,832,525 3,752,661 
Total Liabilities and Equity$6,603,958 $6,582,215 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3


GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
  Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)20232022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities    
Net Income$177,148 $29,951 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation, amortization and long-lived asset impairments69,121 68,689 
Amortization of lease right-of-use asset33,245 33,473 
Net pension benefit and special separation benefit expense(46,074)(90,971)
(Gain) loss on marketable equity securities and cost method investments, net(99,774)118,628 
Gain on disposition of business, property, plant and equipment and investments, net(11,755)(2,265)
Credit loss expense1,909 2,218 
Stock-based compensation expense3,334 3,102 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss(100)1,525 
Equity in losses (earnings) of affiliates, net of distributions
8,386 2,036 
Provision for deferred income taxes26,224 5,795 
Accretion expense and change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities(4,466)(2,655)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable93,496 126,006 
Inventories(32,276)(36,360)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(50,664)(37,455)
Deferred revenue(58,505)(59,558)
Income taxes receivable/payable13,908 (8,284)
Lease liabilities(34,878)(40,872)
Other assets and other liabilities, net(26,009)(15,834)
Other(31)2,239 
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities62,239 99,408 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities    
Proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities61,979 74,233 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment(40,909)(32,154)
Loan to related party(30,000)— 
Investments in equity affiliates, cost method and other investments
(11,982)(27,950)
Purchases of marketable equity securities(6,162)(31,468)
Net proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment, and investments
3,234 2,324 
Other 868 (2,901)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities(22,972)(17,916)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities    
Common shares repurchased(69,082)(34,303)
Net proceeds from vehicle floor plan payable28,982 14,121 
Net payments under revolving credit facilities(15,000)(47,000)
Dividends paid(15,746)(15,465)
Repayments of borrowings(7,983)(7,580)
Proceeds from bank overdrafts3,656 6,073 
Deferred payments of acquisitions(1,361)(4,731)
Other(1,346)(686)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities(77,880)(89,571)
Effect of Currency Exchange Rate Change561 (4,901)
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash(38,052)(12,980)
Beginning Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash190,432 158,843 
Ending Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash$152,380 $145,863 


See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4


GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)Common
Stock
Capital in
Excess of
Par Value
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeTreasury
Stock
Noncontrolling
Interest
Total EquityRedeemable Noncontrolling Interest
As of December 31, 2022$20,000 $390,438 $7,163,128 $336,151 $(4,178,334)$21,278 $3,752,661 $21,827 
Net income for the period52,977 52,977 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(650)650 — 
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(55)(55)55 
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests64 64 70 
Noncontrolling interest capital contribution520 520 
Distribution to redeemable noncontrolling interest— (70)
Dividends on common stock(15,812)(15,812)
Repurchase of Class B common stock(23,439)(23,439)
Issuance of Class B common stock(4,067)4,494 427 
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense1,802 1,802 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes585 585 
As of March 31, 2023$20,000 $388,173 $7,199,588 $336,736 $(4,197,279)$22,512 $3,769,730 $21,882 
Net income for the period124,171 124,171 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(809)809  
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests(574)(574)574 
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests(4,550)51 (4,499)4,604 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest(324)(324)(61)
Dividends on common stock(7,722)(7,722)
Repurchase of Class B common stock(45,643)(45,643)
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards, net of Class B common stock issuances61 (244)(183)
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense1,715 1,715 
Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes(4,146)(4,146)
As of June 30, 2023$20,000 $385,399 $7,314,654 $332,590 $(4,243,166)$23,048 $3,832,525 $26,999 
5


(in thousands)Common
Stock
Capital in
Excess of
Par Value
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeTreasury
Stock
Noncontrolling
Interest
Total EquityRedeemable Noncontrolling Interest
As of December 31, 2021$20,000 $389,456 $7,126,761 $971,388 $(4,108,022)$12,086 $4,411,669 $14,311 
Net income for the period96,566 96,566 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(986)986 — 
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
44 44 (44)
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests64 64 64 
Distribution to noncontrolling interest(357)(357)
Dividends on common stock(15,497)(15,497)
Repurchase of Class B common stock(9,527)(9,527)
Issuance of Class B common stock1,437 1,437 
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense
1,677 1,677 
Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes
(13,135)(13,135)
As of March 31, 2022$20,000 $391,133 $7,206,888 $958,253 $(4,116,112)$12,779 $4,472,941 $14,331 
Net loss for the period(66,615)(66,615)
Noncontrolling interest capital contribution140 140 
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest512 512 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(929)929 — 
Acquisition of redeemable noncontrolling interest— 2,164 
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
59 59 (59)
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests
64 64 64 
Distribution to noncontrolling interest(872)(872)
Dividends on common stock(7,656)(7,656)
Repurchase of Class B common stock(24,776)(24,776)
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards, net of Class B common stock issuances(462)(415)(877)
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense
2,302 2,302 
Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes(52,979)(52,979)
As of June 30, 2022$20,000 $392,973 $7,131,747 $905,274 $(4,141,303)$13,552 $4,322,243 $16,500 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6


GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Graham Holdings Company (the Company) is a diversified holding company whose operations include: education; television broadcasting–online, podcast, print and local TV news; manufacturing; home health and hospice care; automotive dealerships; and other businesses. The Company’s Kaplan subsidiary provides a wide variety of educational services, both domestically and outside the United States (U.S.). The Company’s television broadcast segment owns and operates seven television broadcasting stations. The Company’s manufacturing companies comprise the ownership of a supplier of pressure treated wood, a manufacturer of electrical solutions, a manufacturer of lifting solutions, and a supplier of parts used in electric utilities and industrial systems. The Company’s healthcare segment provides home health, hospice and palliative services, in-home specialty pharmacy infusion therapies, applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy, physician services for allergy, asthma and immunology patients, in-home aesthetics, and healthcare software-as-a-service technology. The Company’s automotive business comprises six dealerships and valet repair services. The Company’s other businesses include a consumer internet company; restaurants; a custom framing company; a marketing solutions provider; a customer data and analytics software company; website and print magazines; and a daily local news podcast and newsletter company.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with: (i) generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information; (ii) the instructions to Form 10-Q; and (iii) the guidance of Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for financial statements required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). They include the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the Company, including its domestic and foreign subsidiaries that are more than 50% owned or otherwise controlled by the Company. As permitted under such rules, certain notes and other financial information normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Management believes the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as of and for the periods presented herein. The Company’s results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 may not be indicative of the Company’s future results. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.
Certain amounts in previously issued financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation (see Note 15).
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported herein. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in those estimates.
Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements – In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued new guidance that requires a buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose certain qualitative and quantitative information about the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. The standard was adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2023 and did not have a significant impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS OF BUSINESSES
Acquisitions. In January 2023, Graham Healthcare Group (GHG) acquired two small businesses which are included in healthcare.
During 2022, the Company acquired seven businesses: five in healthcare and two in automotive, for $143.2 million in cash and contingent consideration and the assumption of floor plan payables. The assets and liabilities of the companies acquired were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.
In May 2022, GHG acquired two small businesses which are included in healthcare.
7


On July 5, 2022, the Company’s automotive subsidiary acquired two automotive dealerships, including the real property for the dealership operations. In addition to a cash payment and the assumption of $10.9 million in floor plan payables, the automotive subsidiary borrowed $77.4 million to finance the acquisition. The dealerships are operated and managed by an entity affiliated with Christopher J. Ourisman, a member of the Ourisman Automotive Group family of dealerships. These acquisitions expand the Company’s automotive business operations and are included in automotive.
In July 2022, GHG acquired a 100% interest in a multi-state provider of ABA clinics. The acquisition is expected to expand the product offerings of the healthcare division and is included in healthcare.
In August 2022, GHG acquired two small businesses which are included in healthcare.
Acquisition-related costs for acquisitions were expensed as incurred. The aggregate purchase price of the 2022 acquisitions was allocated as follows, based on acquisition date fair values to the following assets and liabilities:
Purchase Price Allocation
Year Ended
(in thousands)December 31, 2022
Accounts receivable$3,172 
Inventory21,278 
Property, plant and equipment36,255 
Lease right-of-use assets4,773 
Goodwill53,946 
Indefinite-lived intangible assets41,800 
Amortized intangible assets1,200 
Other assets404 
Deferred income taxes2,535 
Floor plan payables(10,908)
Other liabilities(3,798)
Current and noncurrent lease liabilities(5,865)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest(2,164)
Noncontrolling interest(512)
Aggregate purchase price, net of cash acquired$142,116 
The 2022 fair values recorded were based upon valuations and the estimates and assumptions used in such valuations are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the estimated future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill recorded due to these acquisitions is attributable to the assembled workforces of the acquired companies and expected synergies. The Company expects to deduct $38.5 million of goodwill for income tax purposes for the acquisitions completed in 2022.
The acquired companies were consolidated into the Company’s financial statements starting on their respective acquisition dates. The following unaudited pro forma information includes the 2022 acquisitions as if they occurred at the beginning of 2021:
Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)20222022
Operating revenues$1,015,285 $2,013,479 
Net (loss) income(62,062)38,614 
These pro forma results were based on estimates and assumptions, which the Company believes are reasonable, and include the historical results of operations of the acquired companies and adjustments for depreciation and amortization of identified assets and the effect of pre-acquisition transaction related expenses incurred by the Company and the acquired entities. The pro forma information does not include efficiencies, cost reductions and synergies expected to result from the acquisitions. They are not the results that would have been realized had these entities been part of the Company during the periods presented and are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s consolidated results of operations in future periods.
Disposition of Businesses. In June 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to merge the Pinna business with Realm of Possibility, Inc. (Realm) in return for an additional noncontrolling financial interest in Realm (the Pinna
8


transaction). The Company deconsolidated the Pinna subsidiary, which was included in other businesses, and continues to account for its interest in Realm under the equity method of accounting (see Notes 3 and 12).
In October 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to merge the CyberVista business with CyberWire, Inc. in return for a noncontrolling financial interest in the merged entity, N2K Networks, Inc. (the CyberVista transaction). The Company deconsolidated the CyberVista subsidiary, which was included in other businesses, and accounts for its continuing interest in N2K Networks under the equity method of accounting (see Note 3).
Other Transactions. In November 2022, a CSI Pharmacy Holdings Company, LLC (CSI) minority shareholder put some shares to the Company, which had a redemption value of $1.2 million. Following the redemption, the Company owns 76.5% of CSI.
3. INVESTMENTS
Money Market Investments. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had money market investments of $6.0 million and $7.7 million, respectively, that are classified as cash and cash equivalents in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Investments in Marketable Equity Securities. Investments in marketable equity securities consist of the following:
  As of
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
(in thousands)
Total cost
$225,971 $270,764 
Gross unrealized gains
422,785 363,147 
Gross unrealized losses (23,990)
Total Fair Value
$648,756 $609,921 
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company owned 55,430 shares in Markel Group Inc. (Markel) valued at $76.7 million and $73.0 million, respectively. The Chief Executive Officer of Markel, Mr. Thomas S. Gayner, is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. As of June 30, 2023, the Company owned 422 Class A and 482,945 Class B shares in Berkshire Hathaway valued at $383.2 million, which exceeded 5% of the Company’s total assets.
The Company purchased $4.6 million of marketable equity securities during the first six months of 2023. The Company purchased $31.5 million of marketable equity securities during the first six months of 2022.
During the first six months of 2023, the gross cumulative realized net gains from the sales of marketable equity securities were $13.0 million. The total proceeds from such sales were $62.0 million. During the first six months of 2022, the gross cumulative realized gains from the sales of marketable equity securities were $39.1 million. The total proceeds from such sales were $74.2 million.
The net gain (loss) on marketable equity securities comprised the following:

Three Months Ended 
 June 30

Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)
2023202220232022
Gain (loss) on marketable equity securities, net
$78,648 $(165,540)$96,670 $(118,628)
Less: Net (gains) losses in earnings from marketable equity securities sold and donated
(9,132)4,838 (5,475)10,605 
Net unrealized gains (losses) in earnings from marketable equity securities still held at the end of the period
$69,516 

$(160,702)

$91,195 $(108,023)
Investments in Affiliates. In June 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to merge the Pinna business with Realm in return for an additional noncontrolling financial interest in Realm. The Company held an equity interest in Realm prior to the merger transaction, which was accounted for under the equity method. Following the merger transaction, the Company’s convertible note in Realm converted into equity and the Company also made an additional investment in Realm. As of June 30, 2023, the Company held a 42.2% interest in Realm on a fully diluted basis, and continues to account for its investment under the equity method.
As of June 30, 2023, the Company held a 49.9% interest in N2K Networks on a fully diluted basis, and accounts for its investment under the equity method. The Company holds two of the five seats of N2K Networks’ governing board with the other shareholders retaining substantive participation rights to control the financial and operating decisions of N2K Networks through representation on the board.
9


As of June 30, 2023, the Company held an approximate 18% interest in Intersection Holdings, LLC (Intersection), and accounts for its investment under the equity method. The Company holds two of the ten seats of Intersection’s governing board, which allows the Company to exercise significant influence over Intersection. In April 2023, the Company entered into a term note agreement to loan Intersection $30.0 million at an interest rate of 9% per annum. The principal and interest on the note are payable in monthly installments over 5 years with the final payment due by May 2028. The outstanding balance on this loan was $29.7 million as of June 30, 2023.
As of June 30, 2023, the Company also held investments in several other affiliates; GHG held a 40% interest in Residential Home Health Illinois, a 40% interest in Residential Hospice Illinois, a 40% interest in the joint venture formed between GHG and a Michigan hospital, and a 40% interest in the joint venture formed between GHG and Allegheny Health Network (AHN). During the first quarter of 2022, GHG invested an additional $18.5 million in the Residential Home Health Illinois and Residential Hospice Illinois affiliates to fund their acquisition of certain home health and hospice assets of the NorthShore University HealthSystem. The transaction diluted GHG’s interest in Residential Hospice Illinois resulting in a $0.6 million gain on the sale of investment in affiliate (see Note 12). For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded $3.9 million and $7.4 million, respectively, in revenue for services provided to the affiliates of GHG. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded $3.7 million and $7.0 million, respectively, in revenue for services provided to the affiliates of GHG.
The Company had $42.6 million and $49.1 million in its investment account that represents cumulative undistributed income in its investments in affiliates as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Additionally, Kaplan International Holdings Limited (KIHL) held a 45% interest in a joint venture formed with University of York. KIHL loaned the joint venture £22 million, which loan is repayable over 25 years at an interest rate of 7% and guaranteed by the University of York. The outstanding balance on this loan was £20.4 million as of June 30, 2023. The loan is repayable by December 2041.
Cost Method Investments. The Company held investments without readily determinable fair values in a number of equity securities that are accounted for as cost method investments, which are recorded at cost, less impairment, and adjusted for observable price changes for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The carrying value of these investments was $73.4 million and $66.7 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded gains of $1.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively, to those equity securities based on observable transactions.
4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accounts receivable consist of the following:
As of
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
(in thousands)
Receivables from contracts with customers, less estimated credit losses of $24,252 and $21,387
$440,944 $533,622 
Other receivables27,419 27,157 
 $468,363 $560,779 
Credit loss expense was $1.4 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Credit loss expense was $1.9 million and $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following:
As of
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
(in thousands)
Accounts payable$135,173 $136,186 
Accrued compensation and related benefits112,145 149,823 
Other accrued liabilities311,835 276,996 
$559,153 $563,005 
Cash overdrafts of $4.1 million and $0.5 million are included in accounts payable as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
10


5. INVENTORIES, CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS AND VEHICLE FLOOR PLAN PAYABLE
Inventories and contracts in progress consist of the following:
As of
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
(in thousands)
Raw materials$65,076 $68,494 
Work-in-process14,687 15,718 
Finished goods178,323 140,548 
Contracts in progress1,138 2,051 
 $259,224 $226,811 
The Company finances new, used and service loaner vehicle inventory through standardized floor plan facilities with Truist Bank (Truist floor plan facility) and Ford Motor Credit Company (Ford floor plan facility). At June 30, 2023, the floor plan facilities bore interest at variable rates that are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) and prime-based interest rates. The weighted average interest rate for the floor plan facilities was 6.1% and 2.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The weighted average interest rate for the floor plan facilities was 5.7% and 2.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate capacity under the floor plan facilities was $106.3 million, of which $98.7 million had been utilized, and is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes in the vehicle floor plan payable are reported as cash flows from financing activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The floor plan facilities are collateralized by vehicle inventory and other assets of the relevant dealership subsidiary, and contains a number of covenants, including, among others, covenants restricting the dealership subsidiary with respect to the creation of liens and changes in ownership, officers and key management personnel. The Company was in compliance with all of these restrictive covenants as of June 30, 2023.
The floor plan interest expense related to the vehicle floor plan arrangements is offset by amounts received from manufacturers in the form of floor plan assistance capitalized in inventory and recorded against cost of goods sold in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations when the associated inventory is sold. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized a reduction in cost of goods sold of $1.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively, related to manufacturer floor plan assistance. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized a reduction in cost of goods sold of $2.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively, related to manufacturer floor plan assistance.
6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $13.3 million and $14.9 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $27.2 million and $29.8 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $23 million for the remainder of 2023, $37 million in 2024, $29 million in 2025, $20 million in 2026, $6 million in 2027 and $19 million thereafter.
11


The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, were as follows:
(in thousands)EducationTelevision
Broadcasting
ManufacturingHealthcareAutomotiveOther
Businesses
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022        
Goodwill$1,145,502 $190,815 $234,993 $135,870 $84,697 $251,216 $2,043,093 
Accumulated impairment losses
(331,151)— (34,302)— — (116,687)(482,140)
814,351 190,815 200,691 135,870 84,697 134,529 1,560,953 
Measurement period adjustments
   (2,217)  (2,217)
Acquisitions   385   385 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
8,899      8,899 
Balance as of June 30, 2023        
Goodwill1,154,401 190,815 234,993 134,038 84,697 251,216 2,050,160 
Accumulated impairment losses
(331,151) (34,302)  (116,687)(482,140)
$823,250 $190,815 $200,691 $134,038 $84,697 $134,529 $1,568,020 
The changes in carrying amount of goodwill at the Company’s education division were as follows:
(in thousands)Kaplan
International
Higher
Education
Supplemental EducationTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2022      
Goodwill$579,561 $174,564 $391,377 $1,145,502 
Accumulated impairment losses— (111,324)(219,827)(331,151)
579,561 63,240 171,550 814,351 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes8,856  43 8,899 
Balance as of June 30, 2023      
Goodwill588,417 174,564 391,420 1,154,401 
Accumulated impairment losses (111,324)(219,827)(331,151)
$588,417 $63,240 $171,593 $823,250 
Other intangible assets consist of the following:
As of June 30, 2023As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Useful Life
Range
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
 Carrying
Amount
Amortized Intangible Assets              
Student and customer relationships
2–10 years
$282,017 $226,281 $55,736 $297,766 $230,429 $67,337 
Trade names and trademarks
2–15 years
143,024 83,129 59,895 148,102 81,078 67,024 
Network affiliation agreements
10 years
17,400 11,857 5,543 17,400 10,367 7,033 
Databases and technology
3–6 years
36,287 34,545 1,742 36,216 32,219 3,997 
Noncompete agreements
2–5 years
20 17 3 1,000 995 
Other
1–8 years
41,144 29,700 11,444 43,644 27,618 16,026 
    $519,892 $385,529 $134,363 $544,128 $382,706 $161,422 
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
              
Franchise agreements$85,858 $85,858 
Trade names and trademarks  83,997     81,905     
FCC licenses11,000 11,000 
Licensure and accreditation  150     150     
Other21 21 
  $181,026 $178,934 
12


7. DEBT
The Company’s borrowings consist of the following:
  As of
(in thousands)MaturitiesStated Interest RateEffective Interest RateJune 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
Unsecured notes (1)
20265.75%5.75%$397,904 $397,548 
Revolving credit facility2027
4.80% - 8.63%
6.09%188,136 200,236 
Truist Bank commercial note (2)
2031
6.10% - 6.86%
6.58%23,031 23,522 
Truist Bank commercial note2032
6.38% - 7.21%
6.81%60,452 66,513 
Truist Bank commercial note (3)
2032
6.13% - 6.96%
6.63%25,873 26,548 
Pinnacle Bank term loan20244.15%4.18%7,871 8,433 
Other indebtedness2025 - 2030
0.00% - 16.00%
3,458 3,560 
Total Debt706,725 726,360 
Less: current portion(141,161)(155,813)
Total Long-Term Debt$565,564 $570,547 
____________
(1)     The carrying value is net of $2.1 million and $2.5 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)     The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(3)     The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
On July 28, 2023, the Company entered into a $150 million term note with each of the lenders party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., Bank of America, N.A., HSBC Bank USA, N.A., and PNC Bank, N.A. The term note is payable in quarterly installments of $1.875 million starting in December 2023 with a final payment of the principal balance due on May 30, 2027. The term note bears interest at variable rates based on SOFR plus 1.75% per annum. The Company may redeem the term note in whole or in part with no penalty at any time. The term note has no impact on the existing financial covenants of the revolving credit facility.
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s 5.75% unsecured notes, based on quoted market prices (Level 2 fair value assessment), totaled $395.1 million.
The outstanding balance on the Company’s $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility was $188.1 million as of June 30, 2023, consisting of U.S. dollar borrowings of $125 million with interest payable at SOFR plus 1.375% or prime rate plus 0.375%, and British Pound (GBP) borrowings of £50 million with interest payable at Daily Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA) plus 1.375%.
The fair value of the Company’s other debt, which is based on Level 2 inputs, approximates its carrying value as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company is in compliance with all financial covenants of the revolving credit facility, commercial notes, and Pinnacle Bank term loan as of June 30, 2023.
During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had average borrowings outstanding of approximately $742.1 million and $638.3 million, respectively, at average annual interest rates of approximately 6.0% and 4.7%, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred net interest expense of $10.2 million and $15.3 million, respectively.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had average borrowings outstanding of approximately $738.3 million and $648.8 million, respectively, at average annual interest rates of approximately 5.9% and 4.5%, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred net interest expense of $23.3 million and $26.0 million, respectively.
During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded a credit to interest expense of $1.2 million to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.3 million to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded interest expense of $8.0 million and $11.4 million, respectively, to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest. The fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest was based on the fair value of the underlying subsidiaries owned by GHC One and GHC Two, after taking into account any debt and other noncontrolling interests of its subsidiary investments. The fair value of the owned subsidiaries is determined by reference to either a discounted cash flow or EBITDA multiple, which approximates fair value (Level 3 fair value assessment).
13


8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:
As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets      
Money market investments (1) 
$ $6,001 $ $6,001 
Marketable equity securities (2)
648,756   648,756 
Other current investments (3)
11,419 1,131  12,550 
Interest rate swaps (4) 
 2,841  2,841 
Total Financial Assets
$660,175 $9,973 $ $670,148 
Liabilities
  
  
  
Contingent consideration liabilities (5)
$ $ $2,915 $2,915 
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (6)
  31,136 31,136 
Total Financial Liabilities
$ $ $34,051 $34,051 

As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
  
  

  
Money market investments (1) 
$— $7,686 $— $7,686 
Marketable equity securities (2)
609,921 — — 609,921 
Other current investments (3)
7,471 5,016 — 12,487 
Interest rate swaps (4)
— 2,636 — 2,636 
Total Financial Assets
$617,392 $15,338 $— $632,730 
Liabilities
  
  

  
Contingent consideration liabilities (5)
$— $— $8,423 $8,423 
Foreign exchange swap (7)
— 333 — 333 
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (6)
— — 30,845 30,845 
Total Financial Liabilities
$— $333 $39,268 $39,601 
____________
(1)
The Company’s money market investments are included in cash and cash equivalents and the value considers the liquidity of the counterparty.
(2)
The Company’s investments in marketable equity securities are held in common shares of U.S. corporations that are actively traded on U.S. stock exchanges. Price quotes for these shares are readily available.
(3)
Includes U.S. Government Securities, corporate bonds, mutual funds and time deposits. These investments are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of the security or inputs that include quoted market prices for similar instruments and are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
(4)
Included in Deferred charges and other assets. The Company utilized a market approach model using the notional amount of the interest rate swap multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.
(5)
Included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and Other Liabilities. The Company determined the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities using either a Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes model, or probability-weighted analysis depending on the type of target included in the contingent consideration requirements (revenue, EBITDA, client retention). All analyses included estimated financial projections for the acquired businesses and acquisition-specific discount rates.
(6)
The fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is based on the fair value of the underlying subsidiaries owned by GHC One and GHC Two, after taking into account any debt and other noncontrolling interests of its subsidiary investments. The fair value of the owned subsidiaries is determined using enterprise value analyses which include an equal weighing between guideline public company and discounted cash flow analyses.
(7)
Included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and valued based on a valuation model that calculates the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.

14


The following tables provide a reconciliation of changes in the Company’s financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, using Level 3 inputs:
(in thousands)Contingent consideration liabilitiesMandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest
As of December 31, 2022
$8,423 $30,845 
Acquisition of business220  
Changes in fair value (1)
(5,157)289 
Capital contributions
 66 
Accretion of value included in net income (1)
691  
Settlements or distributions
(1,262)(64)
As of June 30, 2023
$2,915 $31,136 
(in thousands)Contingent consideration liabilitiesMandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest
As of December 31, 2021$14,881 $13,661 
Acquisition of business397 — 
Changes in fair value (1)
(3,317)11,430 
Capital contributions
— 242 
Accretion of value included in net income (1)
662 — 
Settlements or distributions
(1,750)(184)
As of June 30, 2022$10,873 $25,149 
____________
(1)Changes in fair value and accretion of value of contingent consideration liabilities are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses and the changes in fair value of mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is included in Interest expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded long-lived asset impairment charges of $0.7 million. The remeasurement of the long-lived assets is classified as a Level 3 fair value assessment due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed in the determination of the fair value. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of the long-lived assets and made estimates and assumptions regarding future cash flows and discount rates.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded gains of $1.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively, to equity securities that are accounted for as cost method investments based on observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.
9. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
The Company generated 79% of its revenue from U.S. domestic sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The remaining 21% of revenue was generated from non-U.S. sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized 56% of its revenue over time as control of the services and goods transferred to the customer, and the remaining 44% at a point in time, when the customer obtained control of the promised goods. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized 60% of its revenue over time, and the remaining 40% at a point in time.
Contract Assets. As of June 30, 2023, the Company recognized a contract asset of $36.0 million related to a contract at a Kaplan International business, which is included in Deferred Charges and Other Assets. The Company expects to recognize an additional $322.5 million related to this contract over the next six years. As of December 31, 2022, the contract asset was $26.3 million.
Deferred Revenue. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of the Company’s performance, including amounts which are refundable. The following table presents the change in the Company’s deferred revenue balance:
As of
June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
%
(in thousands)Change
Deferred revenue$323,330 $385,507 (16)
In April 2020, GHG received $31.5 million under the expanded Medicare Accelerated and Advanced Payment Program modified by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) as a result of COVID-19.
15


The Department of Health and Human Services started to recoup this advance 365 days after the payment was issued. The advance has been recouped in full as of September 30, 2022. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, GHG recognized $5.6 million and $12.0 million of the balance in revenue for claims submitted for eligible services.
The majority of the change in the deferred revenue balance is related to the cyclical nature of services in the Kaplan international division. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized $280.4 million related to the Company’s deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2022.
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents deferred revenue amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of June 30, 2023, the deferred revenue balance related to certain medical and nursing qualifications with an original contract length greater than twelve months at Kaplan Supplemental Education was $7.0 million. Kaplan Supplemental Education expects to recognize 68% of this revenue over the next twelve months and the remainder thereafter.
Costs to Obtain a Contract. The following table presents changes in the Company’s costs to obtain a contract asset:
(in thousands)Balance at
Beginning
of Period
Costs associated with new contractsLess: Costs amortized during the periodOtherBalance
at
End of
Period
2023$31,647 $28,477 $(39,583)$801 $21,342 
The majority of other activity was related to currency translation adjustments for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
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10. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The Company’s unvested restricted stock awards contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends and, therefore, are considered participating securities for purposes of computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The diluted earnings per share computed under the two-class method is lower than the diluted earnings per share computed under the treasury stock method, resulting in the presentation of the lower amount in diluted earnings per share. The computation of the earnings per share under the two-class method excludes the income attributable to the unvested restricted stock awards from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of those underlying shares from the denominator.
The following reflects the Company’s net income (loss) and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share computations using the two-class method:
Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands, except per share amounts)2023202220232022
Numerator:
Numerator for basic earnings (loss) per share:        
Net income (loss) attributable to Graham Holdings Company common stockholders
$122,788 $(67,485)$175,060 $28,139 
Less: Dividends paid-common stock outstanding and unvested restricted shares
(7,722)(7,656)(23,534)(23,153)
Undistributed earnings (loss)115,066 (75,141)151,526 4,986 
Percent allocated to common stockholders (1)
99.37 %100.00 %99.37 %99.40 %
114,337 (75,141)150,566 4,956 
Add: Dividends paid-common stock outstanding7,673 7,610 23,388 23,016 
Numerator for basic earnings (loss) per share$122,010 $(67,531)$173,954 $27,972 
Add: Additional undistributed earnings due to dilutive stock options
2 — 3 — 
Numerator for diluted earnings (loss) per share$122,012 $(67,531)$173,957 $27,972 
Denominator:    
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding4,700 4,842 4,729 4,857 
Add: Effect of dilutive stock options13 — 15 13 
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share4,713 4,842 4,744 4,870 
Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders:        
Basic earnings (loss) per share
$25.96 $(13.95)$36.78 $5.76 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
$25.89 $(13.95)$36.67 $5.74 
____________
Earnings (loss) per share amounts may not recalculate due to rounding.
(1)    Percent of undistributed losses allocated to common stockholders is 100% in the three months ended June 30, 2022 as participating securities are not contractually obligated to share in losses.
Diluted earnings (loss) per share excludes the following weighted average potential common shares, as the effect would be antidilutive, as computed under the treasury stock method:
Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Weighted average restricted stock10 17 10 17 
Weighted average stock options 13  — 
The diluted earnings (loss) per share amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 exclude the effects of 105,000 stock options and contingently issuable shares outstanding as their inclusion would have been antidilutive due to a market condition.
In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company declared regular dividends totaling $1.65 and $4.95 per common share, respectively. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company declared regular dividends totaling $1.58 and $4.74 per common share, respectively.
17


11. PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS
Defined Benefit Plans. The total benefit arising from the Company’s defined benefit pension plans consists of the following components:
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Service cost$7,573 $4,993 $16,816 $11,024 
Interest cost11,559 7,611 23,093 15,281 
Expected return on assets(38,085)(41,963)(76,423)(83,926)
Amortization of prior service cost412 709 822 1,418 
Recognized actuarial gain(9,888)(17,539)(20,028)(34,768)
Net Periodic Benefit(28,429)(46,189)(55,720)(90,971)
Special separation benefit expense
5,517 — 9,646 — 
Total Benefit$(22,912)$(46,189)$(46,074)$(90,971)
In the second quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $5.5 million in expenses related to Separation Incentive Programs (SIPs) for certain Kaplan, Graham Media Group, Leaf Group, Code3 and Pinna employees, which will be funded from the assets of the Company’s pension plans. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $4.1 million in expenses related to SIPs for certain Leaf Group and Code3 employees, which was funded from the assets of the Company’s pension plans.
The total cost arising from the Company’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) consists of the following components:
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Service cost$148 $228 $296 $456 
Interest cost1,165 822 2,330 1,644 
Amortization of prior service cost  18 
Recognized actuarial loss 167  333 
Net Periodic Cost$1,313 $1,226 $2,626 $2,451 
Defined Benefit Plan Assets. The Company’s defined benefit pension obligations are funded by a portfolio made up of private investment funds, a U.S. stock index fund, and a relatively small number of stocks and high-quality fixed-income securities that are held by a third-party trustee. The assets of the Company’s pension plans were allocated as follows:
  As of
  June 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
  
U.S. equities61 %59 %
Private investment funds17 %16 %
International equities11 %11 %
U.S. stock index fund4 %%
U.S. fixed income7 %%
  100 %100 %
The Company manages approximately 41% of the pension assets internally, of which the majority is invested in private investment funds with the remaining investments in Berkshire Hathaway and Markel stock, a U.S. stock index fund, and short-term fixed-income securities. The remaining 59% of plan assets are managed by two investment companies. The goal of the investment managers is to produce moderate long-term growth in the value of these assets, while protecting them against large decreases in value. Both investment managers may invest in a combination of equity and fixed-income securities and cash. The managers are not permitted to invest in securities of the Company or in alternative investments. One investment manager cannot invest more than 15% of the assets at the time of purchase in the stock of Alphabet and Berkshire Hathaway, and no more than 30% of the assets it manages in specified international exchanges at the time the investment is made. The other investment manager cannot invest more than 20% of the assets at the time of purchase in the stock of Berkshire Hathaway, and no more than 15% of the assets it manages in specified international exchanges at the time the investment is made, and no less than 10% of the assets could be invested in fixed-income securities. Excluding the exceptions noted above, the investment managers cannot invest more than 10% of the assets in the securities of any other single issuer, except for obligations of the U.S. Government, without receiving prior approval from the Plan administrator.
18


In determining the expected rate of return on plan assets, the Company considers the relative weighting of plan assets, the historical performance of total plan assets and individual asset classes and economic and other indicators of future performance. In addition, the Company may consult with and consider the input of financial and other professionals in developing appropriate return benchmarks.
The Company evaluated its defined benefit pension plan asset portfolio for the existence of significant concentrations (defined as greater than 10% of plan assets) of credit risk as of June 30, 2023. Types of concentrations that were evaluated include, but are not limited to, investment concentrations in a single entity, type of industry, foreign country and individual fund. At June 30, 2023, the pension plan held investments in one common stock and one private investment fund that exceeded 10% of total plan assets, valued at $946.4 million, or approximately 34% of total plan assets. At December 31, 2022, the pension plan held investments in one common stock and one private investment fund that exceeded 10% of total plan assets, valued at $842.6 million, or approximately 33% of total plan assets.
Other Postretirement Plans. The total benefit arising from the Company’s other postretirement plans consists of the following components:
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Interest cost$52 $25 $74 $49 
Amortization of prior service credit(1)(2)(2)(4)
Recognized actuarial gain(546)(710)(1,172)(1,421)
Net Periodic Benefit$(495)$(687)$(1,100)$(1,376)
12. OTHER NON-OPERATING INCOME
A summary of non-operating income is as follows:

Three Months Ended 
 June 30

Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)
2023202220232022
Gain on sale of businesses$12,232 $753 $13,232 $1,698 
Gain on cost method investments1,273 — 3,104 — 
Gain (loss) on sale of cost method investments46 (51)831 1,024 
Foreign currency gain (loss), net1,604 (478)100 (1,525)
Gain on sale of investments in affiliates — 15 604 
Other gain, net639 952 1,595 2,251 
Total Other Non-Operating Income
$15,794 $1,176 $18,877 $4,052 
The gain on cost method investments resulted from observable price changes in the fair value of the underlying equity securities accounted for under the cost method (see Notes 3 and 8).
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded contingent consideration gains of $2.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively, related to the disposition of Kaplan University (KU) in 2018. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded contingent consideration gains of $0.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
In the second quarter of 2023, the Company recorded a $10.0 million gain related to the Pinna transaction (see Notes 2 and 3). The Company used a market approach to determine the fair value of the noncontrolling financial interest received in Realm in exchange for the Pinna business.
19


13. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The other comprehensive income (loss) consists of the following components:
Three Months Ended June 30
  20232022
  Before-TaxIncomeAfter-TaxBefore-TaxIncomeAfter-Tax
(in thousands)AmountTaxAmountAmountTaxAmount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:            
Translation adjustments arising during the period$2,384 $ $2,384 $(40,928)$— $(40,928)
Pension and other postretirement plans:            
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income
411 (106)305 716 (185)531 
Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income
(10,434)2,684 (7,750)(18,082)4,660 (13,422)
(10,023)2,578 (7,445)(17,366)4,475 (12,891)
Cash flow hedges:            
Gains for the period1,188 (273)915 1,091 (251)840 
Other Comprehensive Loss$(6,451)$2,305 $(4,146)$(57,203)$4,224 $(52,979)
  Six Months Ended June 30
  20232022
  Before-TaxIncomeAfter-TaxBefore-TaxIncomeAfter-Tax
(in thousands)AmountTaxAmountAmountTaxAmount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:            
Translation adjustments arising during the period$11,378 $ $11,378 $(42,666)$— $(42,666)
Pension and other postretirement plans:            
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income
820 (211)609 1,432 (369)1,063 
Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income
(21,200)5,453 (15,747)(35,856)9,241 (26,615)
  (20,380)5,242 (15,138)(34,424)8,872 (25,552)
Cash flow hedges:          
Gains for the period258 (59)199 2,733 (629)2,104 
Other Comprehensive Loss$(8,744)$5,183 $(3,561)$(74,357)$8,243 $(66,114)
The accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
(in thousands, net of taxes)Cumulative
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment
Unrealized Gain
on Pensions
and Other
Postretirement
Plans
Cash Flow
Hedges
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Balance as of December 31, 2022$(54,638)$388,591 $2,198 $336,151 
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
11,378  608 11,986 
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 (15,138)(409)(15,547)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)
11,378 (15,138)199 (3,561)
Balance as of June 30, 2023$(43,260)$373,453 $2,397 $332,590 
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The amounts and line items of reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) are as follows:
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
  
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans:        
Amortization of net prior service cost$411 $716 $820 $1,432 (1)
Amortization of net actuarial gain(10,434)(18,082)(21,200)(35,856)(1)
  (10,023)(17,366)(20,380)(34,424)Before tax
  2,578 4,475 5,242 8,872 Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes
  (7,445)(12,891)(15,138)(25,552)Net of Tax
Cash Flow Hedges(235)151 (409)335 Interest expense
Total reclassification for the period$(7,680)$(12,740)$(15,547)$(25,217)Net of Tax
____________
(1)    These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and postretirement plan cost (see Note 11) and are included in non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
14. CONTINGENCIES
Litigation, Legal and Other Matters.  The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to complaints and administrative proceedings and are defendants in various civil lawsuits that have arisen in the ordinary course of their businesses, including contract disputes; actions alleging negligence, libel, defamation and invasion of privacy; trademark, copyright and patent infringement; violations of employment laws and applicable wage and hour laws; and statutory or common law claims involving current and former students and employees. Although the outcomes of the legal claims and proceedings against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, based on currently available information, management believes that there are no existing claims or proceedings that are likely to have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, based on currently available information, management believes it is reasonably possible that future losses from existing and threatened legal, regulatory and other proceedings in excess of the amounts recorded could reach approximately $15 million.
In 2015, Kaplan sold substantially all of the assets of the KHE Campuses (KHEC) business to Education Corporation of America. In 2018, certain subsidiaries of Kaplan contributed the institutional assets and operations of KU to a new university: an Indiana nonprofit, public-benefit corporation affiliated with Purdue University, known as Purdue University Global. Kaplan could be held liable to the current owners of KU and the KHEC schools related to the pre-sale conduct of the schools, and the pre-sale conduct of the schools has been and could be the subject of future compliance reviews, regulatory proceedings or lawsuits that could result in monetary liabilities or fines or other sanctions. On May 6, 2021, Kaplan received a notice from the Department of Education (ED) that it would be conducting a fact-finding process pursuant to the borrower defense to repayment (BDTR) regulations to determine the validity of more than 800 BDTR claims and a request for documents related to several of Kaplan’s previously owned schools. Beginning in July 2021, Kaplan started receiving the claims and related information requests. In total, Kaplan received 1,449 borrower defense applications that seek discharge of approximately $35 million in loans, excluding interest. Most claims received are from former KU students. The ED’s process for adjudicating these claims is subject to the borrower defense regulations including those finalized in 2022 and effective July 1, 2023, but it is not clear to what extent the ED will exclude claims based on the underlying statutes of limitations, evidence provided by Kaplan, or any prior investigation related to schools attended by the student applicants. Compared to the previous rule, the new rule in part, expands actions that can give rise to claims for discharge; provides that the borrower’s claim will be presumed true if the institution does not provide any responsive evidence; provides an easier process for group claims; and relies on current program review penalty hearing processes for discharge recoupment. Under the rule, the recoupment process applies only to loans first disbursed after July 1, 2023; however, the discharge process and standards apply to any pending application regardless of loan date. Kaplan believes it has defenses that would bar any student discharge or school liability including that the claims are barred by the applicable statute of limitations, unproven, incomplete and fail to meet regulatory filing requirements. Kaplan expects to vigorously defend any attempt by the ED to hold Kaplan liable for any ultimate student discharges and has responded to all claims with documentary and narrative evidence to refute the allegations, demonstrate their lack of merit, and support the denial of all such claims by the ED. If the claims are successful, the ED may seek reimbursement for the amount discharged from Kaplan. If the ED initiates a reimbursement action against Kaplan following approval of former students’ BDTR applications, Kaplan may be subject to significant liability. In November 2022 the Northern District of California approved the settlement agreement in the lawsuit Sweet v. Cardona. The Plaintiffs in that lawsuit claimed that the ED failed to properly consider and decide pending BDTR claims. As part of the settlement, the ED agreed to discharge loans of borrowers who attended 150 specific schools, including schools formerly owned by Kaplan, and who had BDTR claims pending as of the June 22, 2022 settlement
21


execution date. This discharge will likely cover each of the 1,449 applications the ED sent to Kaplan and to which Kaplan responded. The ED and the Court made clear that these discharges as part of a settlement are not determinations that the pending BDTR claims are valid and the fact of the settlement discharge cannot be used as evidence of any determination of wrongdoing by the institutions. However, despite the fact that the loans are discharged per the settlement, the ED may still attempt to separately adjudicate the associated BDTR claims and follow the regulatory process for seeking recoupment from the institutions for such claims. On October 27, 2022, the ED released a final rule that among other things, changes the Title IV definition of “Nonprofit” institution to generally exclude from that definition any institution that is an obligor on a debt owed to a former owner of the institution or that maintains a revenue-based service agreement with a former owner of the institution. The final rule had an effective date of July 1, 2023 and could subject Purdue Global to additional regulatory requirements.

22


15. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
In the second quarter of 2023, Kaplan modified its segment reporting for Kaplan India, a shared services center that supports Higher Education. Kaplan India was previously included in Kaplan corporate and other. Certain amounts in previously issued financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
The Company has seven reportable segments: Kaplan International, Kaplan Higher Education, Kaplan Supplemental Education, Television Broadcasting, Manufacturing, Healthcare and Automotive.
The following tables summarize the financial information related to each of the Company’s business segments:
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Operating Revenues    
Education$402,227 $353,013 $780,268 $711,025 
Television broadcasting118,829 122,386 231,706 245,805 
Manufacturing120,082 127,062 234,666 243,002 
Healthcare113,282 76,385 215,341 143,640 
Automotive260,672 147,602 493,233 298,569 
Other businesses90,449 107,326 182,457 206,943 
Corporate office850 — 850 — 
Intersegment elimination(1,392)(472)(1,976)(961)
  $1,104,999 $933,302 $2,136,545 $1,848,023 
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets






Education$34,100 $22,769 $61,556 $47,327 
Television broadcasting34,553 41,042 64,498 82,300 
Manufacturing16,314 9,666 28,504 24,804 
Healthcare9,259 7,250 13,149 14,538 
Automotive9,460 7,365 20,303 14,443 
Other businesses(21,118)(23,031)(49,024)(50,461)
Corporate office(11,209)(10,844)(25,282)(23,851)
$71,359 $54,217 $113,704 $109,100 
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Education$3,984 $4,064 $8,400 $8,210 
Television broadcasting1,363 1,360 2,725 2,720 
Manufacturing4,332 5,164 9,194 10,327 
Healthcare882 988 1,836 1,917 
Automotive —  — 
Other businesses2,743 3,313 5,838 6,627 
Corporate office —  — 
$13,304 $14,889 $27,993 $29,801 
Income (Loss) from Operations
Education$30,116 $18,705 $53,156 $39,117 
Television broadcasting33,190 39,682 61,773 79,580 
Manufacturing11,982 4,502 19,310 14,477 
Healthcare8,377 6,262 11,313 12,621 
Automotive9,460 7,365 20,303 14,443 
Other businesses(23,861)(26,344)(54,862)(57,088)
Corporate office(11,209)(10,844)(25,282)(23,851)
  $58,055 $39,328 $85,711 $79,299 
Equity in (Losses) Earnings of Affiliates, Net(6,115)1,427 (1,454)4,031 
Interest Expense, Net(10,226)(15,277)(23,316)(25,979)
Non-Operating Pension and Postretirement Benefit Income, Net
29,815 50,871 61,660 101,376 
Gain (Loss) on Marketable Equity Securities, Net
78,648 (165,540)96,670 (118,628)
Other Income, Net
15,794 1,176 18,877 4,052 
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
$165,971 $(88,015)$238,148 $44,151 
23


  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
Education$9,460 $8,531 $18,428 $17,036 
Television broadcasting3,087 3,085 6,123 6,374 
Manufacturing2,287 2,323 4,569 4,751 
Healthcare1,287 455 2,391 865 
Automotive1,148 752 2,261 1,529 
Other businesses3,681 4,114 7,050 8,029 
Corporate office153 153 306 304 
  $21,103 $19,413 $41,128 $38,888 
Pension Service Cost  
Education$2,256 $1,931 $4,454 $4,467 
Television broadcasting805 856 1,665 1,782 
Manufacturing281 224 556 552 
Healthcare2,685 93 7,042 279 
Automotive5 10 11 
Other businesses613 477 1,185 997 
Corporate office928 1,407 1,904 2,936 
  $7,573 $4,993 $16,816 $11,024 
Asset information for the Company’s business segments is as follows:
  As of
(in thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Identifiable Assets    
Education$1,925,946 $1,987,042 
Television broadcasting420,915 431,084 
Manufacturing483,495 486,487 
Healthcare258,435 249,845 
Automotive461,630 427,221 
Other businesses424,718 475,583 
Corporate office96,888 70,567 
  $4,072,027 $4,127,829 
Investments in Marketable Equity Securities648,756 609,921 
Investments in Affiliates198,261 186,419 
Prepaid Pension Cost1,684,914 1,658,046 
Total Assets$6,603,958 $6,582,215 
24


The Company’s education division comprises the following operating segments:
  Three Months Ended 
 June 30
Six Months Ended 
 June 30
  
(in thousands)2023202220232022
Operating Revenues      
Kaplan international$237,663 $200,871 $464,739 $405,384 
Higher education90,291 74,427 168,632 151,676 
Supplemental education74,616 77,546 148,203 153,850 
Kaplan corporate and other2,887 2,445 5,259 4,798 
Intersegment elimination(3,230)(2,276)(6,565)(4,683)
  $402,227 $353,013 $780,268 $711,025 
Income (Loss) From Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Kaplan international$20,751 $19,063 $42,052 $39,627 
Higher education17,795 3,012 24,878 8,359 
Supplemental education3,512 4,829 7,263 8,200 
Kaplan corporate and other(7,824)(4,079)(12,662)(8,822)
Intersegment elimination(134)(56)25 (37)
$34,100 $22,769 $61,556 $47,327 
Amortization of Intangible Assets$3,984 $4,064 $7,923 $8,210 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets$ $— $477 $— 
Income (Loss) from Operations      
Kaplan international$20,751 $19,063 $42,052 $39,627 
Higher education17,795 3,012 24,878 8,359 
Supplemental education3,512 4,829 7,263 8,200 
Kaplan corporate and other(11,808)(8,143)(21,062)(17,032)
Intersegment elimination(134)(56)25 (37)
  $30,116 $18,705 $53,156 $39,117 
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
        
Kaplan international$6,903 $5,794 $13,233 $11,549 
Higher education1,071 1,127 2,173 2,206 
Supplemental education1,461 1,578 2,970 3,217 
Kaplan corporate and other25 32 52 64 
  $9,460 $8,531 $18,428 $17,036 
Pension Service Cost        
Kaplan international$81 $63 $161 $135 
Higher education923 820 1,845 1,901 
Supplemental education1,023 895 2,047 2,077 
Kaplan corporate and other229 153 401 354 
  $2,256 $1,931 $4,454 $4,467 
Asset information for the Company’s education division is as follows:
  As of
(in thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Identifiable Assets    
Kaplan international$1,416,815 $1,479,833 
Higher education207,928 187,034 
Supplemental education249,206 268,499 
Kaplan corporate and other51,997 51,676 
  $1,925,946 $1,987,042 

25


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
This analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.
Results of Operations
The Company reported net income attributable to common shares of $122.8 million ($25.89 per share) for the second quarter of 2023, compared to a net loss of $67.5 million ($13.95 per share) for the second quarter of 2022.
Items included in the Company’s net income for the second quarter of 2023:
a $4.3 million net credit related to a fair value change in contingent consideration from a prior acquisition at Corporate (after-tax impact of $4.2 million, or $0.89 per share);
$5.5 million in expenses related to non-operating Separation Incentive Programs (SIPs) at other businesses and the education and television broadcasting divisions (after-tax impact of $4.1 million, or $0.86 per share);
$78.6 million in net gains on marketable equity securities (after-tax impact of $57.9 million, or $12.22 per share);
$8.6 million in net losses of affiliates whose operations are not managed by the Company (after-tax impact of $6.4 million, or $1.34 per share);
a non-operating gain of $10.0 million on the sale of Pinna (after-tax-impact of $7.4 million, or $1.56 per share);
non-operating gain of $1.3 million from the write-up and sale of cost method investments (after-tax impact of $1.0 million, or $0.21 per share); and
a $1.2 million credit to interest expense to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (after-tax impact of $1.2 million, or $0.24 per share).
Items included in the Company’s net loss for the second quarter of 2022:
a $3.2 million net credit related to a fair value change in contingent consideration from a prior acquisition at Corporate (after-tax impact of $3.2 million, or $0.66 per share);
$165.5 million in net losses on marketable equity securities (after-tax impact of $122.4 million, or $25.05 per share);
$0.4 million in net losses of affiliates whose operations are not managed by the Company (after-tax impact of $0.3 million, or $0.07 per share); and
$8.0 million in interest expense to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (after-tax impact of $7.6 million, or $1.56 per share).
Revenue for the second quarter of 2023 was $1,105.0 million, up 18% from $933.3 million in the second quarter of 2022. Revenues increased at education, healthcare and automotive, partially offset by declines at television broadcasting, manufacturing and other businesses. The Company reported operating income of $58.1 million for the second quarter of 2023, compared to $39.3 million for the second quarter of 2022. Operating results increased at education, manufacturing, healthcare, automotive and other businesses, partially offset by a decline at television broadcasting.

26


For the first six months of 2023, the Company recorded net income attributable to common shares of $175.1 million ($36.67 per share), compared to $28.1 million ($5.74 per share) for the first six months of 2022.
Items included in the Company’s net income for the first six months of 2023:
a $4.2 million net credit related to a fair value change in contingent consideration from a prior acquisition at Corporate (after-tax impact of $4.1 million, or $0.86 per share);
$9.6 million in expenses related to non-operating SIPs at other businesses and the education and television broadcasting divisions (after-tax impact of $7.2 million, or $1.50 per share);
$96.7 million in net gains on marketable equity securities (after-tax impact of $71.2 million, or $14.92 per share);
$6.8 million in net losses of affiliates whose operations are not managed by the Company (after-tax impact of $5.0 million, or $1.05 per share);
a non-operating gain of $10.0 million on the sale of Pinna (after-tax-impact of $7.4 million, or $1.55 per share);
non-operating gain of $3.9 million from the write-up and sales of cost method investments (after-tax impact of $2.9 million, or $0.61 per share); and
$0.3 million in interest expense to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (after-tax impact of $0.2 million, or $0.05 per share).
Items included in the Company’s net income for the first six months of 2022:
a $3.2 million net credit related to a fair value change in contingent consideration from a prior acquisition at Corporate (after-tax impact of $3.1 million, or $0.64 per share);
$118.6 million in net losses on marketable equity securities (after-tax impact of $87.7 million, or $17.90 per share);
$0.1 million in net losses of affiliates whose operations are not managed by the Company (after-tax impact of $0.1 million, or $0.01 per share);
Non-operating gain of $1.7 million from sales of an equity method and cost method investment (after-tax impact of $1.3 million, or $0.26 per share); and
$11.4 million in interest expense to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (after-tax impact of $10.9 million, or $2.23 per share).
Revenue for the first six months of 2023 was $2,136.5 million, up 16% from $1,848.0 million in the first six months of 2022. Revenues increased at education, healthcare and automotive, partially offset by declines at television broadcasting, manufacturing and other businesses. The Company reported operating income of $85.7 million for the first six months of 2023, compared to $79.3 million for the first six months of 2022. Operating results increased at education, manufacturing, automotive and other businesses, partially offset by declines at television broadcasting and healthcare.
Division Results
Education
Education division revenue totaled $402.2 million for the second quarter of 2023, up 14% from $353.0 million for the same period of 2022. Kaplan reported operating income of $30.1 million for the second quarter of 2023, compared to $18.7 million for the second quarter of 2022.
For the first six months of 2023, education division revenue totaled $780.3 million, up 10% from $711.0 million for the same period of 2022. Kaplan reported operating income of $53.2 million for the first six months of 2023, compared to $39.1 million for the first six months of 2022.
In the second quarter of 2023, Kaplan modified its segment reporting for Kaplan India, a shared services center that supports Higher Education (previously included in Kaplan corporate and other); prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation.
27


A summary of Kaplan’s operating results is as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
  June 30  June 30  
(in thousands)20232022% Change20232022% Change
Revenue            
Kaplan international$237,663 $200,871 18 $464,739 $405,384 15 
Higher education90,291 74,427 21 168,632 151,676 11 
Supplemental education74,616 77,546 (4)148,203 153,850 (4)
Kaplan corporate and other2,887 2,445 18 5,259 4,798 10 
Intersegment elimination(3,230)(2,276)— (6,565)(4,683)— 
  $402,227 $353,013 14 $780,268 $711,025 10 
Operating Income (Loss)            
Kaplan international$20,751 $19,063 $42,052 $39,627 
Higher education17,795 3,012 — 24,878 8,359 — 
Supplemental education3,512 4,829 (27)7,263 8,200 (11)
Kaplan corporate and other(7,824)(4,079)(92)(12,662)(8,822)(44)
Amortization of intangible assets(3,984)(4,064)(7,923)(8,210)
Impairment of long-lived assets
 — — (477)— — 
Intersegment elimination(134)(56)— 25 (37)— 
  $30,116 $18,705 61 $53,156 $39,117 36 
Kaplan International includes postsecondary education, professional training and language training businesses largely outside the United States. Kaplan International revenue increased 18% and 15% for the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively (increases of 19% each on a constant currency basis). The increases are due largely to growth at Pathways, Australia and Languages, partially offset by a decline at Singapore. Kaplan International reported operating income of $20.8 million in the second quarter of 2023, compared to $19.1 million in the second quarter of 2022. Operating income increased to $42.1 million in the first six months of 2023, compared to $39.6 million in the first six months of 2022. The improved results are due largely to improved results at Pathways and Australia, partially offset by declines at UK Professional and Singapore.
Higher Education includes the results of Kaplan as a service provider to higher education institutions. In the second quarter and first six months of 2023, Higher Education revenue increased 21% and 11%, respectively, due to an increase in the Purdue Global fee recorded. For the second quarter and first six months of 2023 and 2022, Kaplan recorded a portion of the fee with Purdue Global based on an assessment of its collectability under the TOSA. Enrollments at Purdue Global for the first half of 2023 increased 2% compared to the first half of 2022. The Company will continue to assess the collectability of the fee with Purdue Global on a quarterly basis to make a determination as to whether to record all or part of the fee in the future and whether to make adjustments to fee amounts recognized in earlier periods. Higher Education results increased in the second quarter and first six months of 2023 due to an increase in the Purdue Global fee recorded, and a decline in investment costs incurred related to other university agreements and other higher education development costs.
As of June 30, 2023, Kaplan had a total outstanding accounts receivable balance of $113.3 million from Purdue Global related to amounts due for reimbursements for services, fees earned and a deferred fee. Included in this total, Kaplan has a $19.5 million long-term receivable balance due from Purdue Global at June 30, 2023, related to the advance of $20 million during the initial KU Transaction.
Supplemental Education includes Kaplan’s standardized test preparation programs and domestic professional and other continuing education businesses. Supplemental Education revenue declined 4% for the second quarter and first six months of 2023, driven mostly by softness in Real Estate, Securities and Medical Licensure test preparation, offset in part by growth in CFP and MCAT test preparation and publishing activities. Overall, demand for graduate and pre-college test preparation programs has declined due to the strength of U.S. employment markets and the decline in test-takers, while demand for professional programs remained stable. Operating results declined in the second quarter and first six months of 2023 due to lower revenues, partially offset by savings from reduced headcount.
Kaplan corporate and other represents unallocated expenses of Kaplan, Inc.’s corporate office, other minor businesses and certain shared activities. Kaplan corporate and other expenses increased in the second quarter and first six months of 2023, largely due to increased incentive compensation costs.
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Television Broadcasting
A summary of television broadcasting’s operating results is as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
  June 30  June 30  
(in thousands)20232022% Change20232022% Change
Revenue$118,829 $122,386 (3)$231,706 $245,805 (6)
Operating Income33,190 39,682 (16)61,773 79,580 (22)
Graham Media Group, Inc. owns seven television stations located in Houston, TX; Detroit, MI; Orlando, FL; San Antonio, TX; Jacksonville, FL; and Roanoke, VA, as well as SocialNewsDesk, a provider of social media management tools designed to connect newsrooms with their users. Revenue at the television broadcasting division decreased 3% to $118.8 million in the second quarter of 2023, from $122.4 million in the same period of 2022. The revenue decline is due primarily to a $2.5 million decline in political advertising revenue and a decline in national advertising revenue, partially offset by modest increases in digital advertising and retransmission revenues. Operating income for the second quarter of 2023 declined 16% to $33.2 million, from $39.7 million in the same period of 2022, due to reduced revenues and higher network fees.
Revenue at the television broadcasting division decreased 6% to $231.7 million in the first six months of 2023, from $245.8 million in the same period of 2022. The revenue decline is due primarily to winter Olympics and Super Bowl advertising at the Company’s NBC affiliates in the first quarter of 2022, a $3.5 million decline in political advertising revenue as well as modest declines in retransmission and digital advertising revenues. Operating income for the first six months of 2023 declined 22% to $61.8 million, from $79.6 million in the same period of 2022, due to reduced revenues and higher network fees. While per subscriber rates from cable, satellite and OTT providers have grown, overall cable and satellite subscribers are down due to cord cutting, resulting in retransmission revenue net of network fees in 2023 expected to be similar compared with 2022.
Manufacturing
A summary of manufacturing’s operating results is as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
  June 30  June 30  
(in thousands)20232022% Change20232022% Change
Revenue$120,082 $127,062 (5)$234,666 $243,002 (3)
Operating Income11,982 4,502 — 19,310 14,477 33 
Manufacturing includes four businesses: Hoover, a supplier of pressure impregnated kiln-dried lumber and plywood products for fire retardant and preservative applications; Dekko, a manufacturer of electrical workspace solutions, architectural lighting and electrical components and assemblies; Joyce/Dayton, a manufacturer of screw jacks and other linear motion systems; and Forney, a global supplier of products and systems that control and monitor combustion processes in electric utility and industrial applications.
Manufacturing revenues decreased 5% and 3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively. The revenue decline in the second quarter of 2023 is due primarily to lower revenues at Hoover and Dekko, partially offset by increased revenues at Forney. The revenue decline in the first six months of 2023 is due primarily to lower revenues at Hoover and Dekko, partially offset by increased revenues at Joyce. Revenues declined at Hoover due largely to lower wood prices, partially offset by increased product demand. Revenues declined at Dekko due largely to lower product demand, particularly in the commercial office electrical products sector. Overall, Hoover results included wood gains on inventory sales in the first half of 2023 and 2022, with gains in the first half of 2023 lower than the prior year. For the second quarter of 2023, Hoover results included wood gains on inventory sales, compared with wood losses on inventory sales in the second quarter of 2022. Manufacturing operating results increased in the second quarter of 2023, due primarily to improvements at Hoover, partially offset by a decline at Dekko. Manufacturing results increased for the first six months of 2023, due primarily to improvements at Hoover and Joyce, partially offset by declines at Dekko.
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Healthcare
A summary of healthcare’s operating results is as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
  June 30  June 30  
(in thousands)20232022% Change20232022% Change
Revenue$113,282 $76,385 48 $215,341 $143,640 50 
Operating Income8,377 6,262 34 11,313 12,621 (10)
Graham Healthcare Group (GHG) provides home health and hospice services in seven states. GHG also provides other healthcare services, including nursing care and prescription services for patients receiving in-home infusion treatments through its 76.5% interest in CSI Pharmacy Holdings Company, LLC (CSI). In May 2022, GHG acquired two small businesses, one of which expanded GHG’s home health operations into Kansas and Missouri. In July 2022, GHG acquired a 100% interest in a multi-state provider of Applied Behavior Analysis clinics and in August 2022, GHG acquired two small businesses, which expanded GHG’s hospice services into Missouri and Ohio. Healthcare revenues increased 48% and 50% for the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively, largely due to significant growth at CSI and from businesses acquired in 2022, along with growth in home health and hospice services.
In 2022, GHG implemented a new pension credit retention program in order to improve employee retention and utilize the Company’s surplus pension assets. The GHG pilot program offers a pension credit up to $50,000 per employee, cliff vested after three years of continuous employment for certain existing employees and new employees hired from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. GHG recorded pension expense of $2.5 million and $6.7 million related to this program in the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively.
The increase in GHG operating results in the second quarter of 2023 is due to improved results at CSI and in home health and hospice, partially offset by an increase in pension expense related to the new GHG pension credit retention program. The decline in GHG operating results in the first six months of 2023 is due to an increase in pension expense related to the new GHG pension credit retention program, partially offset by improved results at CSI and in home health and hospice. Excluding pension expense and net losses from newly acquired businesses, GHG operating results increased in the first six months of 2023 due to improved results at CSI and in home health and hospice.
The Company also holds interests in four home health and hospice joint ventures managed by GHG, whose results are included in equity in earnings of affiliates in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recorded equity in earnings of $2.3 million and $1.7 million for the second quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively, from these joint ventures. The Company recorded equity in earnings of $5.0 million and $3.6 million for the first six months of 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the first quarter of 2022, GHG, through its Residential Home Health Illinois and Residential Hospice Illinois affiliates, acquired an interest in the home health and hospice assets of NorthShore University HealthSystem, an integrated healthcare delivery system serving patients throughout the Chicago, IL area. The transaction resulted in a decrease to GHG’s interest in Residential Hospice Illinois and a $0.6 million non-operating gain was recorded in the first quarter of 2022 related to the change in interest.
Automotive
A summary of automotive’s operating results is as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
  June 30  June 30  
(in thousands)20232022% Change20232022% Change
Revenue$260,672 $147,602 77 $493,233 $298,569 65 
Operating Income9,460 7,365 28 20,303 14,443 41 
Automotive includes six automotive dealerships in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area: Ourisman Lexus of Rockville, Ourisman Honda of Tysons Corner, Ourisman Jeep Bethesda, Ourisman Ford of Manassas, and Toyota of Woodbridge and Ourisman Chrysler-Dodge-Jeep-Ram (CDJR) of Woodbridge, which were acquired on July 5, 2022 from the Lustine Automotive Group. Christopher J. Ourisman, a member of the Ourisman Automotive Group family of dealerships, and his team of industry professionals operate and manage the dealerships; the Company holds a 90% stake.
Revenues for the second quarter and first six months of 2023 increased significantly due to the acquisitions of the Toyota and CDJR dealerships and sales growth at the Ford, Honda and Lexus dealerships, partially offset by lower revenue at the Jeep dealership due to a decline in new vehicle sales. Additionally, all of the dealerships reported
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sales growth for services and parts. Operating results for the second quarter and first six months of 2023 improved due largely to the Toyota and CDJR acquisitions, and improved results at the Lexus and Honda dealerships, partially offset by declines at the Jeep dealership due primarily to declines in new vehicle sales and related margins, and declines at the Ford dealership in margins on new vehicle sales.
Other Businesses
A summary of revenue by category for other businesses:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30%June 30%
(in thousands)20232022Change20232022Change
Operating Revenues
Retail (1)
$29,373 $40,157 (27)$61,770 $83,246 (26)
Media (2)
25,283 33,252 (24)50,686 64,042 (21)
Specialty (3)
35,793 33,917 70,001 59,655 17 
$90,449 $107,326 (16)$182,457 $206,943 (12)
____________
(1)
Includes Society6 and Saatchi Art (formerly Leaf Marketplace) and Framebridge
(2)
Includes World of Good (formerly Leaf Media), Code3, Slate, Foreign Policy, Pinna and City Cast
(3)
Includes Clyde’s Restaurant Group, Decile and CyberVista
Overall, revenue from other businesses declined 16% and 12% in the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively. Retail revenue declined in the first half of 2023 largely due to significantly lower revenue at Society6. Media revenue declined in the first half of 2023 due to lower revenue at World of Good and Code3, partially offset by revenue growth at Slate and Foreign Policy. Specialty revenue increased in the first half of 2023 due to revenue growth at Clyde’s Restaurant Group (CRG). Excluding the Leaf businesses, revenue from other businesses grew in the second quarter and first six months of 2023.
Overall, operating results at other businesses improved in the first six months of 2023 due to improved results at CRG, reduced losses at Framebridge, Slate, Decile and Foreign Policy, and a reduction in losses due to the sales of CyberVista and Pinna; partially offset by increased losses at the Leaf businesses, City Cast and Code3.
Leaf Group
On June 14, 2021, the Company acquired Leaf Group Ltd. (Leaf), a consumer internet company headquartered in Santa Monica, CA, that builds enduring, creator-driven brands that reach passionate audiences in large and growing lifestyle categories, including fitness and wellness (Well+Good and Livestrong.com), and home, art and design (Saatchi Art, Society6 and Hunker). In the second quarter of 2023, the Company restructured Leaf into three stand-alone businesses: Society6 (formerly included in Leaf Marketplace), Saatchi Art (formerly included in Leaf Marketplace) and World of Good (formerly Leaf Media).
Revenue at each of the three Leaf businesses declined in the second quarter and first half of 2023, with substantial declines at Society6 and World of Good. Revenue decreases at Society6 are due to declines in traffic, conversion rates and related sales for both direct to consumer and business to business categories; revenue declines at World of Good are due to reduced traffic and the soft digital advertising market for both direct and programmatic categories. Overall, the Leaf businesses reported significant operating losses in each of the second quarters and first six months of 2023 and 2022, with an increase in operating losses in the first half of 2023.
In the first and second quarters of 2023, Leaf implemented a SIP to reduce the number of employees, which is being funded by the assets of the Company’s pension plan; $2.9 million and $3.9 million in related non-operating pension expense was recorded in the first and second quarters of 2023, respectively.
Clyde’s Restaurant Group
CRG owns and operates 12 restaurants and entertainment venues in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, including Old Ebbitt Grill and The Hamilton. CRG reported an operating profit for each of the second quarters and first six months of 2023 and 2022. Both revenues and operating results improved in the first half of 2023, due to strong guest traffic, modest price increases, and the absence of any significant adverse impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Operating results in the second quarter of 2022 benefited from a favorable rent concession.
CRG recently announced plans to open new restaurants in Baltimore, MD; Washington, D.C.; and Reston, VA in early 2024, mid 2024 and early 2025, respectively.
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Framebridge
Framebridge is a custom framing service company, headquartered in Washington, D.C., with 19 retail locations in the Washington, D.C., New York City, Atlanta, GA, Philadelphia, PA, Boston, MA and Chicago, IL areas and two manufacturing facilities in Kentucky and New Jersey. Framebridge continues to explore opportunities for further store expansion. Revenues increased modestly in the second quarter of 2023 but were flat for the first half of 2023, as Framebridge worked through a significant backlog of orders in the first quarter of 2022 that had built-up in the fourth quarter of 2021. In the fourth quarter of 2022, Framebridge successfully managed their production operations for timely completion of holiday orders without a significant backlog of orders going into the first quarter of 2023. Retail revenue increased in the second quarter and first six months of 2023 from same-store sales growth and operating additional retail stores compared to the same periods in 2022. Framebridge is an investment stage business and reported significant operating losses in the first six months of 2023 and 2022, with a reduction in losses in 2023.
Other
Other businesses also include Code3, a performance marketing agency focused on driving performance for brands though three core elements of digital success: media, creative and commerce; Slate and Foreign Policy, which publish online and print magazines and websites; and two investment stage businesses, Decile and City Cast. Slate, Foreign Policy and City Cast reported revenue increases in the first six months of 2023, while Code3 reported revenue declines. Losses from each of these five businesses in the first six months of 2023 adversely affected operating results.
Other businesses also included Pinna, which was sold in June 2023 when the Company entered into a merger agreement with Realm of Possibility, Inc. (Realm), a provider of audio entertainment services, to merge Pinna with Realm in return for a noncontrolling financial interest in the merged entity. In connection with the merger, the Company recorded a $10.0 million non-cash, non-operating gain related to the transaction. The Company held a noncontrolling interest in Realm prior to the transaction and continues to hold a noncontrolling interest in Realm following the transaction. The Company’s investment in Realm is reported as an equity method investment.
Other businesses also included CyberVista, which was sold in October 2022 when the Company announced a strategic merger of CyberVista and CyberWire, a B2B cybersecurity audio network to form a new parent company, N2K Networks. The Company’s investment in N2K Networks is reported as an equity method investment.
In the first and second quarters of 2023, Code3 implemented a SIP to reduce the number of employees, which is being funded by the assets of the Company’s pension plan; $1.2 million and $0.6 million in related non-operating pension expense was recorded in the first and second quarters of 2023, respectively.
Corporate Office
Corporate office includes the expenses of the Company’s corporate office and certain continuing obligations related to prior business dispositions.
Equity in (Losses) Earnings of Affiliates
At June 30, 2023, the Company held an approximate 18% interest in Intersection Holdings, LLC (Intersection), a company that provides digital marketing and advertising services and products for cities, transit systems, airports, and other public and private spaces; and a 49.9% interest in N2K Networks on a fully diluted basis. The Company also holds interests in several other affiliates, including a number of home health and hospice joint ventures managed by GHG and two joint ventures managed by Kaplan. Overall, the Company recorded equity in losses of affiliates of $6.1 million for the second quarter of 2023, compared to earnings of $1.4 million for the second quarter of 2022. These amounts include $8.6 million and $0.4 million in net losses for the second quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively, from affiliates whose operations are not managed by the Company.
The Company recorded equity in losses of affiliates of $1.5 million for the first six months of 2023, compared to earnings of $4.0 million for the first six months of 2022. These amounts include $6.8 million and $0.1 million in net losses for the first six months of 2023 and 2022, respectively, from affiliates whose operations are not managed by the Company.
Net Interest Expense and Related Balances
The Company incurred net interest expense of $10.2 million and $23.3 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively, compared to $15.3 million and $26.0 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively. The Company recorded a credit to interest expense of $1.2 million in the second quarter of 2023 and interest expense of $0.3 million in the first six months of 2023, to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest at GHG. The Company recorded interest expense of $8.0 million
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and $11.4 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively, to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest at GHG. Excluding these adjustments, the increase in net interest expense relates primarily to increased debt at the automotive dealerships and higher interest rates on the Company’s variable debt.
At June 30, 2023, the Company had $706.7 million in borrowings outstanding at an average interest rate of 6.0%, and cash, marketable equity securities and other investments of $813.7 million. At June 30, 2023, the Company had $188.1 million outstanding on its $300 million revolving credit facility.
Non-operating Pension and Postretirement Benefit Income, net
The Company recorded net non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income of $29.8 million and $61.7 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively, compared to $50.9 million and $101.4 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively.
In the second quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $5.5 million in expenses related to non-operating SIPs at other businesses and the education and television broadcasting divisions. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $4.1 million in expenses related to non-operating SIPs at other businesses.
Gain (Loss) on Marketable Equity Securities, net
Overall, the Company recognized $78.6 million and $96.7 million in net gains on marketable equity securities in the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively, compared to $165.5 million and $118.6 million in net losses on marketable equity securities in the second quarter and first six months of 2022, respectively.
Other Non-Operating Income
The Company recorded total other non-operating income, net, of $15.8 million for the second quarter of 2023, compared to $1.2 million for the second quarter of 2022. The 2023 amounts included a non-cash gain of $10.0 million on the sale of Pinna; $2.2 million in gains related to the sale of businesses and contingent consideration; $1.6 million in foreign currency gains; a $1.3 million fair value increase on a cost method investment, and other items. The 2022 amounts included $0.8 million in gains related to the sale of businesses and contingent consideration, and other items; partially offset by $0.5 million in foreign currency losses.
The Company recorded total non-operating income, net, of $18.9 million for the first six months of 2023, compared to $4.1 million for the first six months of 2022. The 2023 amounts included a non-cash gain of $10.0 million on the sale of Pinna; $3.2 million in gains related to the sale of businesses and contingent consideration; a $3.1 million fair value increase on cost method investments; a $0.8 million gain on sales of cost method investments; $0.1 million in foreign currency gains, and other items. The 2022 amounts included $1.7 million in gains related to the sale of businesses and contingent consideration; a $1.0 million gain sale of a cost method investment; a $0.6 million gain on sale of an equity affiliate, and other items; partially offset by $1.5 million on foreign currency losses.
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate for the first six months of 2023 and 2022 was 25.6% and 32.2%, respectively.
Earnings Per Share
The calculation of diluted earnings per share for the second quarter and first six months of 2023 was based on 4,712,626 and 4,744,076 weighted average shares outstanding, respectively, compared to 4,842,383 and 4,870,316, respectively, for the second quarter and first six months of 2022. At June 30, 2023, there were 4,684,690 shares outstanding. On May 4, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to acquire up to 500,000 shares of its Class B common stock; the Company has remaining authorization for 444,715 shares as of June 30, 2023.
Financial Condition: Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company considers the following when assessing its liquidity and capital resources:
 As of
(In thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents$111,738 $169,319 
Restricted cash40,642 21,113 
Investments in marketable equity securities and other investments661,306 622,408 
Total debt706,725 726,360 
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Cash generated by operations is the Company’s primary source of liquidity. The Company maintains investments in a portfolio of marketable equity securities, which is considered when assessing the Company’s sources of liquidity. An additional source of liquidity includes the undrawn portion of the Company’s $300 million revolving credit facility, amounting to $111.9 million at June 30, 2023.
During the first six months of 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents decreased by $57.6 million, due to share repurchases, capital expenditures, a loan to a related party, additional investments in marketable equity securities and equity affiliates, dividend payments, and net repayments of borrowings, which was offset by cash generated from operations, the proceeds from the sale of marketable equity securities, and net proceeds from the vehicle floor plan payable. In the first six months of 2023, the Company’s borrowings decreased by $19.6 million, primarily due to repayments under the revolving credit facility and of commercial notes at the automotive subsidiary.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had money market investments of $6.0 million and $7.7 million, that are included in cash and cash equivalents. At June 30, 2023, the Company held approximately $84 million in cash and cash equivalents in businesses domiciled outside the U.S., of which approximately $8 million is not available for immediate use in operations or for distribution. Additionally, Kaplan’s business operations outside the U.S. retain cash balances to support ongoing working capital requirements, capital expenditures, and regulatory requirements. As a result, the Company considers a significant portion of the cash and cash equivalents balance held outside the U.S. as not readily available for use in U.S. operations.
At June 30, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s investments in marketable equity securities was $648.8 million, which includes investments in the common stock of four publicly traded companies. During the first six months of 2023, the Company purchased $4.6 million of marketable equity securities and sold marketable equity securities that generated proceeds of $62.0 million. At June 30, 2023, the unrealized gain related to the Company’s investments totaled $422.8 million.
In April 2023, the Company entered into a term note agreement to loan Intersection $30.0 million at an interest rate of 9% per annum. The principal and interest on the note are payable in monthly installments over 5 years with the final payment due by May 2028. The outstanding balance on this loan was $29.7 million as of June 30, 2023.
The Company had working capital of $557.5 million and $534.1 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company maintains working capital levels consistent with its underlying business requirements and consistently generates cash from operations in excess of required interest or principal payments.
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had borrowings outstanding of $706.7 million and $726.4 million, respectively. The Company’s borrowings at June 30, 2023 were mostly from $400.0 million of 5.75% unsecured notes due June 1, 2026, $188.1 million in outstanding borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility and commercial notes of $109.4 million at the automotive subsidiary. The Company’s borrowings at December 31, 2022 were mostly from $400.0 million of 5.75% unsecured notes due June 1, 2026, $200.2 million in outstanding borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility and commercial notes of $116.6 million at the automotive subsidiary. The interest on the $400.0 million of 5.75% unsecured notes is payable semiannually on June 1 and December 1.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had average borrowings outstanding of approximately $738.3 million and $648.8 million, respectively, at average annual interest rates of approximately 5.9% and 4.5%, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred net interest expense of $23.3 million and $26.0 million, respectively.
On July 28, 2023, the Company entered into a $150 million term note with each of the lenders party thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., Bank of America, N.A., HSBC Bank USA, N.A., and PNC Bank, N.A. The term note is payable in quarterly installments of $1.875 million starting in December 2023 with a final payment of the principal balance due on May 30, 2027. The term note bears interest at variable rates based on SOFR plus 1.75% per annum. The Company may redeem the term note in whole or in part with no penalty at any time. The term note has no impact on the existing financial covenants of the revolving credit facility.
On April 4, 2023, Standard & Poor’s affirmed the Company’s credit rating and maintained the outlook as Stable. On August 30, 2022, Moody’s affirmed the Company’s credit rating and maintained the outlook as Stable.
The Company’s current credit ratings are as follows:
Moody’sStandard & Poor’s
Long-termBa1BB
OutlookStableStable
The Company expects to fund its estimated capital needs primarily through existing cash balances and internally generated funds, and, as needed, from borrowings under its revolving credit facility. As of June 30, 2023, the
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Company had $188.1 million outstanding under the $300 million revolving credit facility. In management’s opinion, the Company will have sufficient financial resources to meet its business requirements in the next 12 months, including working capital requirements, capital expenditures, interest payments, potential acquisitions and strategic investments, dividends and stock repurchases.
In summary, the Company’s cash flows for each period were as follows:
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(In thousands)20232022
Net cash provided by operating activities$62,239 $99,408 
Net cash used in investing activities(22,972)(17,916)
Net cash used in financing activities(77,880)(89,571)
Effect of currency exchange rate change561 (4,901)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash$(38,052)$(12,980)
Operating Activities. Cash provided by operating activities is net income adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in assets and liabilities. The Company’s net cash flow provided by operating activities were as follows:
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(In thousands)20232022
Net Income$177,148 $29,951 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Depreciation, amortization and long-lived asset impairments69,121 68,689 
Amortization of lease right-of-use asset33,245 33,473 
Net pension benefit and special separation benefit expense
(46,074)(90,971)
Other non-cash activities(76,273)130,623 
Change in operating assets and liabilities(94,928)(72,357)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities$62,239 $99,408 
Net cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of cash receipts from customers, less disbursements for costs, benefits, income taxes, interest and other expenses.
For the first six months of 2023 compared to the first six months of 2022, the decrease in net cash provided by operating activities is primarily driven by lower net income, after adjusting for non-cash activities. The change in non-cash activities is largely the result of fluctuations in the share prices of the Company’s investments in marketable equity securities which resulted in a gain in 2023 compared to a loss in 2022.
Investing Activities. The Company’s net cash flow used in investing activities were as follows:
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(In thousands)20232022
Net proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities$55,817 $42,765 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment(40,909)(32,154)
Investments in equity affiliates, cost method and other investments(11,982)(27,950)
Loan to related party
(30,000)— 
Other4,102 (577)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities$(22,972)$(17,916)
Net proceeds from sale of marketable equity securities. During the first six months of 2023 and 2022, the Company sold marketable equity securities that generated proceeds of $62.0 million and $74.2 million, respectively. The Company purchased $4.6 million and $31.5 million of marketable equity securities during the first six months of 2023 and 2022.
Capital Expenditures. The amounts reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are based on cash payments made during the relevant periods, whereas the Company’s capital expenditures for the first six months of 2023 of $44.8 million include assets acquired during the quarter. The Company estimates that its capital expenditures will be in the range of $90 million to $100 million in 2023.
Investment in equity affiliates. During the first six months of 2022, GHG invested an additional $18.5 million in two affiliates to fund their acquisition of an interest in a health system in Illinois.
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Loan to related party. In April 2023, the Company entered into a term note agreement to loan Intersection $30.0 million at an interest rate of 9% per annum. The principal and interest on the note are payable in monthly installments over 5 years with the final payment due by May 2028. The outstanding balance on this loan was $29.7 million as of June 30, 2023.
Financing Activities. The Company’s net cash flow used in financing activities were as follows:
 Six Months Ended 
 June 30
(In thousands)20232022
Net payments under revolving credit facility$(15,000)$(47,000)
Repayments of borrowings(7,983)(7,580)
Net proceeds from vehicle floor plan payable28,982 14,121 
Common shares repurchased(69,082)(34,303)
Dividends paid(15,746)(15,465)
Other949 656 
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities$(77,880)$(89,571)
Borrowings and Vehicle Floor Plan Payable. In the first six months of 2023 and 2022, the Company made repayments on the $300 million revolving credit facility. In the first six months of 2023 and 2022, the Company used vehicle floor plan financing to fund the purchase of new, used and service loaner vehicles at its automotive division. The proceeds from the vehicle floor plan payable fluctuates with changes in the amount of vehicle inventory held by the automotive dealerships.
Common Stock Repurchases. During the first six months of 2023, the Company purchased a total of 116,822 shares of its Class B common stock at a cost of approximately $69.1 million. On May 4, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to acquire up to 500,000 shares of its Class B common stock. The Company did not announce a ceiling price or time limit for the purchases. At June 30, 2023, the Company had remaining authorization from the Board of Directors to purchase up to 444,715 shares of Class B common stock.
Dividends. The quarterly dividend rate per share was $1.65 and $1.58 for the first six months of 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company expects to pay a dividend of $6.60 per share in 2023.
There were no other significant changes to the Company’s contractual obligations or other commercial commitments from those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Forward-Looking Statements
All public statements made by the Company and its representatives that are not statements of historical fact, including certain statements in this report, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report to Stockholders, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties. Other forward-looking statements include comments about expectations related to acquisitions or dispositions or related business activities, including the TOSA, the Company’s business strategies and objectives, the prospects for growth in the Company’s various business operations and the Company’s future financial performance. As with any projection or forecast, forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties described in Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, undue reliance should not be placed on any forward-looking statement made by or on behalf of the Company. The Company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement after the date on which such statement is made, even if new information subsequently becomes available.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
The Company is exposed to market risk in the normal course of its business due primarily to its ownership of marketable equity securities, which are subject to equity price risk; to its borrowing and cash-management activities, which are subject to interest rate risk; and to its foreign business operations, which are subject to foreign exchange rate risk. The Company’s market risk disclosures set forth in its 2022 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K have not otherwise changed significantly.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was performed by the Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), as of June 30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as designed and implemented, are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner that allows timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, the Company purchased shares of its Class B Common Stock as set forth in the following table:
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan*Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan*
April 1 - 3019,949 $593.29 19,949 89,677 
May 1 - 3122,700 585.56 22,700 480,093 
June 1 - 3035,378 579.90 35,378 444,715 
78,027 $584.97 78,027 
*On September 10, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase, on the open market or otherwise, up to 500,000 shares of its Class B Common Stock. There was no expiration date for this authorization. On May 4, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase, on the open market or otherwise, up to 500,000 shares of its Class B Common Stock. This authorization includes shares that remained under the previous authorization. There is no expiration date for this authorization. All purchases made during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 were open market transactions and some of these shares were purchased under a 10b5-1 plan.
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Item 6. Exhibits.
Exhibit Number 
Description 
3.1
 
 
3.2
 
 
3.3
 
 
4.1
 
 
4.2
4.3
10.1
31.1
31.2
 
 
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101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL and included as Exhibit 101
*     Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  GRAHAM HOLDINGS COMPANY
  (Registrant)
   
Date: August 2, 2023 /s/ Timothy J. O’Shaughnessy
  
Timothy J. O’Shaughnessy,
President & Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
   
Date: August 2, 2023 /s/ Wallace R. Cooney
  Wallace R. Cooney,
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
40