GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INC - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

	Commission File Number: 1-12911

GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED



State of Incorporation:	I.R.S. Employer Identification Number:
Delaware	77-0239383

Address of principal executive offices:

585 W. Beach Street

Watsonville, California 95076

(831) 724-1011

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. xYes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). xYes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o	Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of October 25, 2017.



Class		Outstanding
Common Stock, $0.01 par value		39,850,783

Index



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
		Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures
	Item 6.	Exhibits
SIGNATURES
EXHIBIT 31.1
EXHIBIT 31.2
EXHIBIT 32
EXHIBIT 95
EXHIBIT 101.INS
EXHIBIT 101.SCH
EXHIBIT 101.CAL
EXHIBIT 101.DEF
EXHIBIT 101.LAB
EXHIBIT 101.PRE

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited - in thousands, except share and per share data)
	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016			September 30, 2016
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents ($71,328, $73,115 and $47,803 related to consolidated construction joint ventures (“CCJVs”))	$	185,516	$	189,326		$	150,225
Short-term marketable securities	47,814		64,884			54,863
Receivables, net ($51,079, $52,613 and $77,012 related to CCJVs)	627,081		419,345			512,752
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings ($3,035, $5,046 and $2,940 related to CCJVs)	94,527		73,102			80,032
Inventories	62,059		55,245			61,015
Equity in construction joint ventures	242,358		247,182			263,180
Other current assets ($6,033, $7,500 and $8,649 related to CCJVs)	26,612		39,908			28,047
Total current assets	1,285,967		1,088,992			1,150,114
Property and equipment, net ($33,754, $20,500 and $15,302 related to CCJVs)	412,174		406,650			407,327
Long-term marketable securities	69,991		62,895			52,908
Investments in affiliates	39,946		35,668			34,356
Goodwill	53,799		53,799			53,799
Deferred income taxes, net	—		—			5,223
Other noncurrent assets	85,411		85,449			81,540
Total assets	$	1,947,288	$	1,733,453		$	1,785,267

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	14,796	$	14,796		$	14,795
Accounts payable ($27,443, $26,419 and $20,654 related to CCJVs)	286,913		199,029			223,612
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings ($38,581, $33,704 and $34,994 related to CCJVs)	168,707		97,522			116,151
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ($1,354, $1,544 and $817 related to CCJVs)	246,775		218,587			237,534
Total current liabilities	717,191		529,934			592,092
Long-term debt	225,922		229,498			240,715
Deferred income taxes, net	5,932		5,441			—
Other long-term liabilities	46,435		45,989			46,270
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 3,000,000 shares, none outstanding	—		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 150,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 39,850,587 shares as of September 30, 2017, 39,621,140 shares as of December 31, 2016 and 39,601,569 shares as of September 30, 2016	399		396			396
Additional paid-in capital	157,734		150,337			147,583
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	240		(371		)	(1,524		)
Retained earnings	756,183		735,626			724,691
Total Granite Construction Incorporated shareholders’ equity	914,556		885,988			871,146
Non-controlling interests	37,252		36,603			35,044
Total equity	951,808		922,591			906,190
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,947,288	$	1,733,453		$	1,785,267

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited - in thousands, except per share data)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenue
Construction	$	579,146		$	464,624		$	1,235,264		$	1,005,457
Large Project Construction	279,845			249,345			741,341			642,116
Construction Materials	98,135			89,936			211,834			200,363
Total revenue	957,126			803,905			2,188,439			1,847,936
Cost of revenue
Construction	487,798			393,094			1,053,463			857,938
Large Project Construction	273,460			225,826			731,906			591,438
Construction Materials	81,338			77,311			188,844			178,440
Total cost of revenue	842,596			696,231			1,974,213			1,627,816
Gross profit	114,530			107,674			214,226			220,120
Selling, general and administrative expenses	49,501			54,194			162,726			159,032
Gain on sales of property and equipment	(1,753		)	(398		)	(2,830		)	(2,364		)
Operating income	66,782			53,878			54,330			63,452
Other (income) expense
Interest income	(1,141		)	(790		)	(3,356		)	(2,424		)
Interest expense	2,660			3,034			8,097			9,270
Equity in income of affiliates	(2,732		)	(2,424		)	(4,907		)	(4,583		)
Other income, net	(1,309		)	(732		)	(2,821		)	(5,287		)
Total other income	(2,522		)	(912		)	(2,987		)	(3,024		)
Income before provision for income taxes	69,304			54,790			57,317			66,476
Provision for income taxes	21,249			16,617			16,841			19,540
Net income	48,055			38,173			40,476			46,936
Amount attributable to non-controlling interests	(2,073		)	(982		)	(4,151		)	(5,987		)
Net income attributable to Granite Construction Incorporated	$	45,982		$	37,191		$	36,325		$	40,949

Net income per share attributable to common shareholders (see Note 11)
Basic	$	1.15		$	0.94		$	0.91		$	1.04
Diluted	$	1.14		$	0.92		$	0.90		$	1.02
Weighted average shares of common stock
Basic	39,844			39,599			39,774			39,539
Diluted	40,387			40,313			40,367			40,205
Dividends per common share	$	0.13		$	0.13		$	0.39		$	0.39

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited - in thousands)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income	$	48,055		$	38,173		$	40,476		$	46,936
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives	$	46		$	382		$	(163	)	$	(1,016	)
Less: reclassification for net losses included in interest expense	25			126			141			226
Net change	$	71		$	508		$	(22	)	$	(790	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	98			(221		)	633			766
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	169		$	287		$	611		$	(24	)
Comprehensive income	$	48,224		$	38,460		$	41,087		$	46,912
Non-controlling interests in comprehensive income	(2,073		)	(982		)	(4,151		)	(5,987		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Granite	$	46,151		$	37,478		$	36,936		$	40,925

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited - in thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,	2017			2016
Operating activities
Net income	$	40,476		$	46,936
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	48,522			46,637
Gain on sales of property and equipment, net	(2,830		)	(2,364		)
Stock-based compensation	13,580			11,013
Equity in net loss (income) from unconsolidated joint ventures	15,415			(15,903		)
Gain on real estate entity	—			(2,452		)
Net income from affiliates	(4,907		)	(4,583		)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(207,908		)	(169,678		)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, net	14,726			1,793
Inventories	(6,814		)	(5,462		)
Contributions to unconsolidated construction joint ventures	(3,937		)	(11,545		)
Distributions from unconsolidated construction joint ventures	33,374			5,850
Other assets, net	10,523			(2,209		)
Accounts payable	90,799			62,787
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, net	23,595			19,782
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	64,614			(19,398		)
Investing activities
Purchases of marketable securities	(79,708		)	(84,758		)
Maturities of marketable securities	90,000			30,000
Proceeds from called marketable securities	—			50,000
Purchases of property and equipment ($13,537 and $9,976 related to CCJVs)	(56,808		)	(67,889		)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	5,107			5,790
Distributions from affiliates	—			2,233
Other investing activities, net	2,321			3,847
Net cash used in investing activities	(39,088		)	(60,777		)
Financing activities
Long-term debt principal repayments	(3,750		)	(3,750		)
Cash dividends paid	(15,506		)	(15,415		)
Repurchases of common stock	(6,713		)	(4,946		)
(Distributions to) contributions from non-controlling partners, net	(3,500		)	1,522
Other financing activities, net	133			153
Net cash used in financing activities	(29,336		)	(22,436		)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(3,810		)	(102,611		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	189,326			252,836
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	185,516		$	150,225



Supplementary Information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	6,720	$	7,557
Income taxes	2,689		6,748
Other non-cash operating activities:
Performance guarantees	$	5,761	$	17,596
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Restricted stock units issued, net of forfeitures	$	11,184	$	21,057
Accrued cash dividends	5,181		5,148
Accrued equipment purchases	2,440		(3,453		)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


1.	Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Granite Construction Incorporated (“we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” or “Granite”) and are unaudited, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. Further, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary to state fairly our financial position at September 30, 2017 and 2016 and the results of our operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The December 31, 2016 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

Our operations are typically affected more by weather conditions during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year which may alter our construction schedules and can create variability in our revenues and profitability. Therefore, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

We prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements on the same basis as our annual consolidated financial statements, except for the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, ASU No. 2016-05, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships and ASU 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. ASU No. 2016-01 eliminated the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheet, which related to our marketable securities and debt (see Note 5). ASU No. 2016-05 had no impact and ASU No. 2017-08 had an immaterial impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.


2.	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and subsequently issued several related ASUs (“Topic 606”), which provide guidance for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of Topic 606 is that revenue will be recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects consideration for which entitlement is expected in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2018.

We will adopt Topic 606 using the modified retrospective transition approach, which we will elect to apply to contracts with customers that are not substantially complete, i.e. less than 90% complete, as of January 1, 2018. We do not expect Topic 606 to have a material impact on our Construction and Construction Materials segments’ revenue. The most significant impact of Topic 606 relates to our Large Project Construction segment specifically in the following areas:

•

Multiple performance obligations - In accordance with Topic 606, construction contracts with customers, including those related to contract modifications, will be reviewed to determine if there are multiple performance obligations. If separate performance obligations are identified, the timing of revenue recognition could be impacted. Based on our assessment to-date of currently active construction contracts with customers, we have identified one unconsolidated joint venture contract in our Large Project Construction segment that will have multiple performance obligations.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

•

Multiple contracts - Contracts containing task orders may be determined to consist of multiple individual contracts as defined by Topic 606. Based on our assessment to-date of currently active construction contracts with customers, we have identified one Large Project Construction segment contract and one Construction segment contract that will consist of multiple individual contracts as defined by Topic 606.

•

Provision for losses - Provisions for losses will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the full amount of estimated losses at the uncompleted performance obligation level whenever evidence indicates that the estimated total cost of a performance obligation exceeds its estimated total revenue. Currently provisions for losses are recorded at the contract level. Based on our assessment to-date of currently active construction contracts with customers, we have identified one unconsolidated joint venture contract in our Large Project Construction segment that will have actual and provisions for losses related to completed and uncompleted performance obligations, respectively.

Based on our estimated costs to complete and our assessment of the impact from the adoption of Topic 606 as of September 30, 2017, we estimate a net cumulative decrease to retained earnings between $11.0 million and $19.0 million as of January 1, 2018. This estimate may change upon adoption for various reasons including, but not limited to, revisions to the estimated costs to complete or a difference in actual progress versus expected progress related to current or new performance obligations.

In addition to the above, we expect to separately present contract assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets will include amounts due under contractual retainage provisions, unbilled receivables, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and capitalized mobilization costs. Contract liabilities will include provisions for losses and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings.

There will also be new disclosures related to revenue including information about unearned revenue and revenue disaggregated by operating group. Unearned revenue will be similar to our existing contract backlog but will only include project amounts when the related contract, contract options and task orders, as applicable, are executed rather than when awarded and funding is probable.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (a) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (b) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2019. While we continue to evaluate the effect of this ASU, we expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our assets and liabilities due to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which is intended to help companies evaluate whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses by providing a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. This ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, which measures goodwill impairment by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with its carrying amount. This ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2020. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies that changes to the value, vesting conditions, or award classification of share-based payment awards must be accounted for as modifications. This ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which refines and expands hedge accounting for both financial (e.g., interest rate) and commodity risks. This ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2019. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)


3.	Revisions in Estimates

Our profit recognition related to construction contracts is based on estimates of costs to complete each project. These estimates can vary significantly in the normal course of business as projects progress, circumstances develop and evolve, and uncertainties are resolved. When we experience significant changes in our estimates of costs to complete, we undergo a process that includes reviewing the nature of the changes to ensure that there are no material amounts that should have been recorded in a prior period rather than as revisions in estimates for the current period. We use the cumulative catch-up method applicable to construction contract accounting to account for revisions in estimates. Under this method, revisions in estimates are accounted for in their entirety in the period of change. There can be no assurance that we will not experience further changes in circumstances or otherwise be required to revise our cost estimates in the future.

In our review of these changes for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we did not identify any material amounts that should have been recorded in a prior period. In our review of these changes for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we identified and corrected amounts that should have been recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2016. This correction resulted in a $4.9 million decrease to Large Project Construction revenue and gross profit and a $1.6 million increase in net loss attributable to Granite Construction Incorporated. We have assessed the impact of this correction to the financial statements of prior periods’ and to the financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and have concluded that the amounts were not material and are not expected to be material to the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2017.

In the normal course of business, we have revisions in estimated costs some of which are associated with unresolved affirmative claims and back charges. The estimated or actual recovery related to these estimated costs associated with unresolved affirmative claims and back charges may be recorded in future periods, which can cause fluctuations in the gross profit impact from revisions in estimates.

Affirmative Claims

Revisions in estimates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 included increases in revenue of $11.5 million and $25.5 million, respectively, related to the estimated cost recovery of customer affirmative claims, which included increases of $11.0 million and $25.1 million, respectively, which were also affected by an increase in estimated contract costs in excess of the estimated recovery during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The remaining $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, had estimated contract costs in excess of the estimated cost recovery that were recorded in prior periods.

Revisions in estimates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 included increases in revenue of $1.2 million and $21.4 million related to the estimated cost recovery of customer affirmative claims, which included increases of $0.2 million and $15.5 million that were also affected by an increase in estimated contract costs in excess of the estimated recovery during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The remaining $1.0 million and $5.9 million, respectively, had estimated contract costs in excess of the estimated cost recovery that were recorded in prior periods.

Back Charges

Revisions in estimates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 included a reduction of cost of revenue of $0.6 million and $3.6 million, respectively, related to the estimated recovery of back charges of which $0.6 million and $2.0 million was also affected by an increase in estimated contract costs that were in excess of the estimated recovery during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The remaining $1.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 had estimated contract costs in excess of estimated cost recovery that were recorded in prior periods.

Revisions in estimates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 included a reduction of cost of revenue of $3.3 million and $10.9 million, respectively, related to the estimated recovery of back charges of which $1.2 million and $3.4 million were also affected by an increase in estimated contract costs that were in excess of the estimated recovery during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The remaining $2.1 million and $7.5 million, respectively, had estimated contract costs in excess of estimated cost recovery that were recorded in prior periods.

The tables below include the impact to gross profit from significant revisions in estimates related to estimated and actual recovery of customer affirmative claims and back charges as well as the associated estimated contract costs.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

Construction

The changes in project profitability from revisions in estimates, both increases and decreases, which individually had an impact of $1.0 million or more on gross profit were net decreases of $0.3 million and $1.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 were net increases of $0.7 million and net decreases of $3.1 million, respectively. The projects are summarized as follows:

Increases



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions)		2017		2016		2017		2016
Number of projects with upward estimate changes		2		1		5		2
Range of increase in gross profit from each project, net	$	1.0 - 1.2	$	2.6	$	1.0 - 1.6	$	1.8 - 2.7
Increase on project profitability	$	2.2	$	2.6	$	6.0	$	4.5

The increases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were due to lower costs and higher productivity than originally anticipated as well as settlements of outstanding issues with contract owners during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Decreases



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions)		2017		2016		2017		2016
Number of projects with downward estimate changes		1		1		3		5
Range of reduction in gross profit from each project, net	$	2.5	$	1.9	$	1.1 - 3.5	$	1.1 - 2.6
Decrease on project profitability	$	2.5	$	1.9	$	7.3	$	7.6

The decreases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were due to additional costs and lower productivity than originally anticipated.

Large Project Construction

The changes in project profitability from revisions in estimates, both increases and decreases, which individually had an impact of $1.0 million or more on gross profit were decreases of $19.3 million and $58.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 were net increases of $0.4 million and net decreases of $6.0 million, respectively.

There were no amounts attributable to non-controlling interests for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amounts attributable to non-controlling interests were $2.1 million of the decrease and $3.5 million of the net decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The projects are summarized as follows:

Increases



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions)		2017		2016		2017		2016
Number of projects with upward estimate changes		—		3		—		7
Range of increase in gross profit from each project, net	$	—	$	1.4 - 3.0	$	—	$	1.2 - 6.5
Increase on project profitability	$	—	$	6.1	$	—	$	19.8

The increases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, were due to owner-directed scope changes, settlement of an outstanding back charge claim and higher productivity than originally anticipated as well as estimated recovery from back charge claims during the nine month period.

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Decreases



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions)		2017		2016		2017		2016
Number of projects with downward estimate changes		3		3		7		4
Range of reduction in gross profit from each project, net	$	2.4 - 12.7	$	1.1 - 3.5	$	1.3 - 14.5	$	3.4 - 7.9
Decrease on project profitability	$	19.3	$	5.7	$	58.1	$	25.8

The decreases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, were due to additional design, weather and owner-related costs and lower productivity than originally anticipated, net of estimated and actual recovery from customer affirmative claims and back charges. As of September 30, 2017, there were projects for which additional costs, including liquidated damages, were reasonably possible but the range of costs was not estimable. As the related projects proceed, future estimates may change and could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows in the future.


4.	Marketable Securities

All marketable securities were classified as held-to-maturity as of the dates presented and the carrying amounts of held-to-maturity securities were as follows:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
U.S. Government and agency obligations	$	12,909	$	10,002	$	14,999
Commercial paper	34,905		54,882		39,864
Total short-term marketable securities	47,814		64,884		54,863
U.S. Government and agency obligations	69,991		62,895		52,908
Total long-term marketable securities	69,991		62,895		52,908
Total marketable securities	$	117,805	$	127,779	$	107,771

Scheduled maturities of held-to-maturity investments were as follows:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017
Due within one year	$	47,814
Due in one to five years	69,991
Total	$	117,805

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5.	Fair Value Measurement

The following tables summarize significant assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis for each of the fair value levels (in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
September 30, 2017	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	22,896	$	—	$	—	$	22,896
Total assets	$	22,896	$	—	$	—	$	22,896



December 31, 2016
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	10,057	$	—	$	—	$	10,057
Total assets	$	10,057	$	—	$	—	$	10,057



September 30, 2016
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	12,041	$	—	$	—	$	12,041
Total assets	$	12,041	$	—	$	—	$	12,041

A reconciliation of cash equivalents to consolidated cash and cash equivalents is as follows



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
Cash equivalents	$	22,896	$	10,057	$	12,041
Cash	162,620		179,269		138,184
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	185,516	$	189,326	$	150,225

Interest Rate Swaps

As of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the cash flow hedge that we entered into in January 2016 was $0.8 million and was included in other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2016, the fair value of the cash flow hedge was $1.3 million and was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, on the effective portion reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the interest expense reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were both immaterial during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, there was no ineffective portion. We estimate an immaterial amount to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into pre-tax earnings within the next twelve months.

As of September 30, 2016, the fair value of the interest rate swap that was terminated in December 2016 was $1.1 million and was included in other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded net losses of $0.6 million and net gains of $1.0 million, respectively, that were included in other income, net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Other Assets and Liabilities

The carrying values and estimated fair values of our financial instruments that are not required to be recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows:



		September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016				September 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Assets:
Held-to-maturity marketable securities	Level 1	$	117,805	$	117,349	$	127,779	$	127,365	$	107,771	$	107,770
Liabilities (including current maturities):
2019 Notes¹	Level 3	$	120,000	$	124,792	$	120,000	$	124,654	$	160,000	$	169,094
Credit Agreement - term loan¹	Level 3	91,250		91,078		95,000		93,991		96,250		96,151
Credit Agreement - revolving credit facility¹	Level 3	30,000		30,018		30,000		29,452		—		—

¹See Note 10 for definitions of 2019 Notes and Credit Agreement.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we did not record any fair value adjustments related to nonfinancial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.


6.	Receivables, net



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
Construction contracts:
Completed and in progress	$	469,416	$	288,160	$	347,320
Retentions	88,650		84,878		97,385
Total construction contracts	558,066		373,038		444,705
Construction material sales	58,920		29,357		50,768
Other	10,412		17,523		17,760
Total gross receivables	627,398		419,918		513,233
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	317		573		481
Total net receivables	$	627,081	$	419,345	$	512,752

Receivables include amounts billed and billable to clients for services provided as of the end of the applicable period and do not bear interest. To the extent costs are not contractually billable or have not been earned, including claim recovery estimates, the associated revenue is included in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings or billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, the aggregate claim recovery estimates included in these balances were approximately $21.6 million, $12.3 million and $7.8 million, respectively. Included in other receivables at September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 were items such as estimated recovery from back charge claims, notes receivable, fuel tax refunds, receivables from vendors and income tax refunds. No such receivables individually exceeded 10% of total net receivables at any of these dates. As of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, the estimated recovery from back charge claims included in Other receivables was $0.3 million, $0.3 million and $9.3 million, respectively.

Certain construction contracts include retainage provisions. The balances billed but not paid by customers pursuant to these provisions generally become due upon completion and acceptance of the project work or products by the owners. As of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, no retention receivable individually exceeded 10% of total net receivables at any of the presented dates. The majority of the retentions receivable are expected to be collected within one year and there were no retentions receivables determined to be uncollectible.

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7.	Construction Joint Ventures

We participate in various construction joint ventures. We have determined that certain of these joint ventures are consolidated because they are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), and we are the primary beneficiary. We continually evaluate whether there are changes in the status of the VIEs or changes to the primary beneficiary designation of the VIE. Based on our assessments during the three months ended September 30, 2017, we determined no change to the primary beneficiary was required for existing construction joint ventures.

Due to the joint and several nature of the performance obligations under the related owner contracts, if any of the partners fail to perform, we and the remaining partners, if any, would be responsible for performance of the outstanding work (i.e., we provide a performance guarantee). At September 30, 2017, there was approximately $5.1 billion of construction revenue to be recognized on unconsolidated and line item construction joint venture contracts of which $1.7 billion represented our share and the remaining $3.4 billion represented our partners’ share. We are not able to estimate amounts that may be required beyond the remaining cost of the work to be performed. These costs could be offset by billings to the customer or by proceeds from our partners’ and/or other guarantees.

Consolidated Construction Joint Ventures (“CCJVs”)

At September 30, 2017, we were engaged in six active CCJV projects with total contract values ranging from $49.2 million to $409.6 million. Our share of revenue remaining to be recognized on these CCJVs ranged from $8.1 million to $204.8 million. Our proportionate share of the equity in these joint ventures was between 50.0% and 65.0%. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, total revenue from CCJVs was $44.5 million and $129.5 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, total revenue from CCJVs was $24.8 million and $79.9 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, CCJVs provided $26.4 million and $7.8 million of operating cash flows, respectively.

Unconsolidated Construction Joint Ventures

As of September 30, 2017, we were engaged in eleven active unconsolidated joint venture projects with total contract values ranging from $77.3 million to $3.7 billion, for which there were three with contract values greater than $1.0 billion. Our proportionate share of the equity in these unconsolidated construction joint ventures ranged from 20.0% to 50.0%. As of September 30, 2017, our share of the revenue remaining to be recognized on these unconsolidated construction joint ventures ranged from $0.5 million to $408.1 million.

As of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, one of our unconsolidated construction joint ventures was located in Canada and, therefore, the associated disclosures throughout this footnote include amounts that were translated from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars using the spot rate in effect as of the reporting date for balance sheet items, and the average rate in effect during the reporting period for the results of operations.

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The following is summary financial information related to unconsolidated construction joint ventures:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
Assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	333,751	$	537,991	$	509,644
Other current assets¹	721,014		644,809		683,854
Noncurrent assets	223,449		207,240		212,620
Less partners’ interest	846,832		935,615		942,183
Granite’s interest^1,2	431,382		454,425		463,935
Liabilities:
Current liabilities	650,065		696,215		656,621
Less partners’ interest and adjustments³	445,068		472,324		449,044
Granite’s interest	204,997		223,891		207,577
Equity in construction joint ventures⁴	$	226,385	$	230,534	$	256,358

¹Included in this balance and in accrued and other current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 was $88.9 million, $83.1 million and $83.1 million, respectively, related to performance guarantees.

²Included in this balance as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 was $77.6 million, $65.4 million and $62.5 million, respectively, related to Granite’s share of estimated cost recovery of customer affirmative claims. In addition, this balance included $11.1 million, $5.6 million and $5.9 million related to Granite’s share of estimated recovery of back charge claims as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, respectively.

³Partners’ interest and adjustments includes amounts to reconcile total liabilities as reported by our partners to Granite’s interest adjusted to reflect our accounting policies.

⁴As of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, this balance included $16.0 million, $16.6 million and $6.8 million, respectively, of deficit in construction joint ventures that is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016		2017			2016
Revenue:
Total	$	550,115		$	550,296	$	1,517,419		$	1,520,342
Less partners’ interest and adjustments¹	396,672			390,775		1,096,834			1,085,546
Granite’s interest	153,443			159,521		420,585			434,796
Cost of revenue:
Total	520,205			510,579		1,462,127			1,451,189
Less partners’ interest and adjustments¹	359,825			360,965		1,026,377			1,032,667
Granite’s interest	160,380			149,614		435,750			418,522
Granite’s interest in gross (loss) profit	$	(6,937	)	$	9,907	$	(15,165	)	$	16,274

¹Partners’ interest and adjustments represents amounts to reconcile total revenue and total cost of revenue as reported by our partners to Granite’s interest adjusted to reflect our accounting policies.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, unconsolidated construction joint venture net income was $31.0 million and $57.2 million, respectively, of which our share was net loss of $7.1 million and $15.3 million, respectively. The differences between our share of the joint venture net losses when compared to the joint venture net income primarily resulted from differences between our estimated total revenue and cost of revenue when compared to that of our partners’ on four projects. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, unconsolidated construction joint venture net income was $38.7 million and $68.0 million, respectively, of which our share was $10.3 million and $15.9 million, respectively. These joint venture net income amounts exclude our corporate overhead required to manage the joint ventures and include taxes only to the extent the applicable states have joint venture level taxes.

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Line Item Joint Ventures

As of September 30, 2017, we had one active line item joint venture construction project with a total contract value of $66.2 million of which our portion was $48.7 million. As of September 30, 2017, our share of revenue remaining to be recognized on this line item joint venture was $3.8 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, our portion of revenue from line item joint ventures was $5.4 million and $20.1 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, our portion of revenue from line item joint ventures was $9.5 million and $23.5 million, respectively.


8.	Investments in Affiliates

Our investments in affiliates balance is related to our investments in unconsolidated non-construction entities that we account for using the equity method of accounting, including investments in real estate entities and a non-real estate entity.

Our investments in affiliates balance consists of the following:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
Equity method investments in real estate affiliates	$	28,634	$	25,911	$	24,638
Equity method investment in other affiliate	11,312		9,757		9,718
Total investments in affiliates	$	39,946	$	35,668	$	34,356

The following table provides summarized balance sheet information for our affiliates accounted for under the equity method on a combined basis:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
Total assets	$	163,714	$	155,506	$	167,859
Net assets	98,490		99,804		95,128
Granite’s share of net assets	39,946		35,668		34,356

The equity method investments in real estate affiliates included $23.6 million, $20.8 million and $19.7 million in residential real estate in Texas as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, respectively. The remaining balances were in commercial real estate in Texas. Of the $163.7 million in total assets as of September 30, 2017, real estate entities had total assets ranging from $1.6 million to $73.1 million and the non-real estate entity had total assets of $26.5 million.


9.	Property and Equipment, net

Balances of major classes of assets and allowances for depreciation and depletion are included in property and equipment, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and were as follows:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
Equipment and vehicles	$	778,010	$	756,602	$	770,882
Quarry property	177,427		174,839		179,735
Land and land improvements	113,384		110,999		111,714
Buildings and leasehold improvements	83,914		82,762		82,733
Office furniture and equipment	59,791		56,381		61,007
Property and equipment	1,212,526		1,181,583		1,206,071
Less: accumulated depreciation and depletion	800,352		774,933		798,744
Property and equipment, net	$	412,174	$	406,650	$	407,327

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10.	Debt Covenants and Events of Default

Our debt and credit agreements require us to comply with various affirmative, restrictive and financial covenants, including the financial covenants described below. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants, or to pay principal, interest or other amounts when due thereunder, would constitute an event of default under the applicable agreements. Under certain circumstances, the occurrence of an event of default under one of our debt or credit agreements (or the acceleration of the maturity of the indebtedness under one of our agreements) may constitute an event of default under one or more of our other debt or credit agreements. Default under our debt and credit agreements could result in (i) us no longer being entitled to borrow under the agreements; (ii) termination of the agreements; (iii) the requirement that any letters of credit under the agreements be cash collateralized; (iv) acceleration of the maturity of outstanding indebtedness under the agreements; and/or (v) foreclosure on any collateral securing the obligations under the agreements.

As of September 30, 2017, we had a $291.3 million credit facility, of which $200.0 million was a revolving credit facility and $91.3 million was a term loan that matures on October 28, 2020 (the “Maturity Date”) and has a sublimit for letters of credit of $100.0 million (the “Credit Agreement”).

As of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, $5.0 million of the term loan balance was included in current maturities of long-term debt and the remaining $86.3 million, $90.0 million and $91.3 million, respectively, was included in long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $30.0 million had been drawn from the Credit Agreement to service the 2016 installment of the 2019 Notes (defined below).

Senior notes payable in the amount of $120.0 million as of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and in the amount of $160.0 million as of September 30, 2016 were due to a group of institutional holders and had an interest rate of 6.11% per annum (“2019 Notes”). As of September 30, 2017, three equal annual installments from 2017 through 2019 are remaining. Of the outstanding balances, $110.0 million as of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and $150.0 million as of September 30, 2016 were included in long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Of the $40.0 million due for the 2017 installment of the 2019 Notes, $30.0 million is included in long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 as we have the ability and intent to pay these installments using borrowings under the Credit Agreement or by obtaining other sources of financing. The remaining $10.0 million of the 2017 installment was included in current maturities of long-term debt as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Of the $40.0 million due for the 2016 installment of the 2019 Notes, $30.0 million was included in long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 as we had the ability and intent to pay these installments using borrowings under the Credit Agreement. The remaining $10.0 million of the 2016 installment was included in current maturities of long-term debt as of September 30, 2016.

As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in the Credit Agreement and related to the note purchase agreement governing our 2019 Notes. We are not aware of any non-compliance by any of our unconsolidated real estate entities with the covenants contained in their debt agreements.

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11.	Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Net Income Per Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of the weighted average shares outstanding used in calculating basic and diluted net income per share as well as the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Numerator (basic and diluted):
Net income allocated to common shareholders for basic calculation	$	45,982	$	37,191	$	36,325	$	40,949
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	39,844		39,599		39,774		39,539
Dilutive effect of common stock options and restricted stock units	543		714		593		666
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	40,387		40,313		40,367		40,205
Net income per share, basic	$	1.15	$	0.94	$	0.91	$	1.04
Net income per share, diluted	$	1.14	$	0.92	$	0.90	$	1.02


12.	Equity

The following tables summarize our equity activity for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Granite Construction Incorporated			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	885,988		$	36,603		$	922,591
Purchases of common stock¹	(6,713		)	—			(6,713		)
Other transactions with shareholders and employees²	14,488			—			14,488
Transactions with non-controlling interests, net	—			(3,502		)	(3,502		)
Net income	36,325			4,151			40,476
Dividends on common stock	(15,532		)	—			(15,532		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	914,556		$	37,252		$	951,808




Balance at December 31, 2015	$	839,237		$	30,884		$	870,121
Purchases of common stock³	(4,946		)	—			(4,946		)
Other transactions with shareholders and employees²	11,345			—			11,345
Transactions with non-controlling interests, net	—			(1,827		)	(1,827		)
Net income	40,949			5,987			46,936
Dividends on common stock	(15,439		)	—			(15,439		)
Balance at September 30, 2016	$	871,146		$	35,044		$	906,190

¹Represents 136,000 shares purchased in connection with employee tax withholding for restricted stock units vested under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

²Amounts are comprised primarily of amortized restricted stock units.

³Represents 111,000 shares purchased in connection with employee tax withholding for restricted stock units vested under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

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13.	Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we or our joint ventures and affiliates are involved in various legal proceedings alleging, among other things, public liability issues, breach of contract or tortious conduct in connection with the performance of services and/or materials provided. We are also subject to government inquiries and reporting requirements seeking information concerning our compliance with government construction contracting requirements and various laws and regulations. The outcomes of such proceedings and government inquiries cannot be predicted with certainty.

Some of the matters in which we or our joint ventures and affiliates are involved may include compensatory, punitive, or other claims or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that are not probable to be incurred or cannot currently be reasonably estimated. In addition, in some circumstances our government contracts could be terminated or suspended, we could be debarred or incur other administrative penalties or sanctions, or payment of our costs could be disallowed. While any of our pending legal proceedings may be subject to early resolution as a result of our ongoing efforts to settle, whether or when any legal proceeding will be resolved through settlement is neither predictable nor guaranteed.

Accordingly, it is possible that future developments in such proceedings and inquiries could require us to (i) adjust existing accruals, or (ii) record new accruals that we did not originally believe to be probable or that could not be reasonably estimated. Such changes could be material to our financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows in any particular reporting period. In addition to matters that are considered probable for which the loss can be reasonably estimated, we also disclose certain matters where the loss is considered reasonably possible and is reasonably estimable.

Liabilities relating to legal proceedings and government inquiries, to the extent that we have concluded such liabilities are probable and the amounts of such liabilities are reasonably estimable, are recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The aggregate liabilities recorded as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 related to these matters were approximately $1.7 million, $4.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, and were primarily included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The aggregate range of reasonably possible loss amounts in excess of accrued losses recorded for probable loss contingencies, including those related to liquidated damages, could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements if they become probable and the reasonably estimable amount is determined.

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14.	Business Segment Information

Summarized segment information is as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Construction		Large Project Construction		Construction Materials			Total
2017
Total revenue from reportable segments	$	579,146	$	279,845	$	180,265		$	1,039,256
Elimination of intersegment revenue	—		—		(82,130		)	(82,130		)
Revenue from external customers	579,146		279,845		98,135			957,126
Gross profit	91,348		6,385		16,797			114,530
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	5,770		3,226		5,824			14,820

2016
Total revenue from reportable segments	$	464,624	$	249,345	$	162,835		$	876,804
Elimination of intersegment revenue	—		—		(72,899		)	(72,899		)
Revenue from external customers	464,624		249,345		89,936			803,905
Gross profit	71,530		23,519		12,625			107,674
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	6,162		1,821		6,168			14,151



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Construction		Large Project Construction		Construction Materials			Total
2017
Total revenue from reportable segments	$	1,235,264	$	741,341	$	352,129		$	2,328,734
Elimination of intersegment revenue	—		—		(140,295		)	(140,295		)
Revenue from external customers	1,235,264		741,341		211,834			2,188,439
Gross profit	181,801		9,435		22,990			214,226
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	16,205		8,193		16,439			40,837
Segment assets	141,210		326,314		287,821			755,345

2016
Total revenue from reportable segments	$	1,005,457	$	642,116	$	327,108		$	1,974,681
Elimination of intersegment revenue	—		—		(126,745		)	(126,745		)
Revenue from external customers	1,005,457		642,116		200,363			1,847,936
Gross profit	147,519		50,678		21,923			220,120
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	16,032		4,809		17,364			38,205
Segment assets	156,458		322,800		290,898			770,156

A reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income before provision for income taxes is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Total gross profit from reportable segments	$	114,530		$	107,674		$	214,226		$	220,120
Selling, general and administrative expenses	49,501			54,194			162,726			159,032
Gain on sales of property and equipment	(1,753		)	(398		)	(2,830		)	(2,364		)
Total other income	(2,522		)	(912		)	(2,987		)	(3,024		)
Income before provision for income taxes	$	69,304		$	54,790		$	57,317		$	66,476

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Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Disclosure

From time to time, Granite makes certain comments and disclosures in reports and statements, including in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or statements made by its officers or directors, that are not based on historical facts, including statements regarding future events, occurrences, circumstances, activities, performance, outcomes and results, that may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “future,” “outlook,” “assumes,” “believes,” “expects,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “appears,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “continue,” and the negatives thereof or other comparable terminology or by the context in which they are made. In addition, other written or oral statements that constitute forward-looking statements have been made and may in the future be made by or on behalf of Granite. These forward-looking statements are estimates reflecting the best judgment of senior management and reflect our current expectations regarding future events, occurrences, circumstances, activities, performance, outcomes and results. These expectations may or may not be realized. Some of these expectations may be based on beliefs, assumptions or estimates that may prove to be incorrect. In addition, our business and operations involve numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could result in our expectations not being realized or otherwise materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those more specifically described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Due to the inherent risks and uncertainties associated with our forward-looking statements, the reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on them. The reader is also cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.

Overview

We are one of the largest diversified heavy civil contractors and construction materials producers in the United States, engaged in the construction and improvement of streets, roads, highways, mass transit facilities, airport infrastructure, bridges, trenchless and underground utilities, power-related facilities, water-related facilities, utilities, tunnels, dams and other infrastructure-related projects. We have three reportable business segments: Construction, Large Project Construction and Construction Materials (see Note 14 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”).

In addition to business segments, we review our business by operating groups and by public and private market sectors. Our operating groups are defined as follows: (i) California; (ii) Northwest, which primarily includes offices in Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and Washington; (iii) Heavy Civil, which primarily includes offices in California, Florida, New York and Texas; and (iv) Kenny, which primarily includes an office in Illinois.

The four primary economic drivers of our business are (i) the overall health of the U.S. economy; (ii) federal, state and local public funding levels; (iii) population growth resulting in public and private development; and (iv) the need to replace or repair aging infrastructure. Changes in these drivers can either reduce our revenues and/or gross profit margins or provide opportunities for revenue growth and gross profit margin improvement.

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Current Economic Environment and Outlook

Both public and private markets remain highly competitive, with record backlog of $4.2 billion reflecting a backdrop of consistent, modest economic growth. Private market activity, across geographies and end markets, remains a key growth and diversification opportunity. Following decades of under-investment, state, regional, and local public infrastructure investment is poised to grow. We continue to anticipate positive, multi-year demand from improved public-spending trends to have the most impact on our Construction and Construction Materials segments.

The five-year Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (“FAST”) Act, passed in December 2015, remains a stabilizing force for state departments of transportation. While not a growth catalyst, the five-year, $305 billion FAST Act broadened and stabilized state and local visibility through 2020. With a half dozen states joining a larger group in 2017, more than half of U.S. states have taken action over the past five years to stabilize maintenance and to reinvest in transportation infrastructure. California’s 10-year, $52.4 billion investment from Senate Bill 1, The Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017, passed in the third quarter of 2017 and is expected to accelerate meaningfully in 2018 and beyond.

Managing risks and being compensated appropriately for the complex skills required to build tomorrow's great public infrastructure projects guides our Large Project Construction strategy, as we prioritize and pursue billions of dollars’ worth of future North American projects. The market for these projects remains robust, and we are acutely focused on projects with appropriate returns relative to risks.

Results of Operations

Our operations are typically affected more by weather conditions during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year which may alter our construction schedules and can create variability in our revenues and profitability. Therefore, the results of operations of a given quarter are not indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The following table presents a financial summary for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Total revenue	$	957,126		$	803,905		$	2,188,439		$	1,847,936
Gross profit	114,530			107,674			214,226			220,120
Operating income	66,782			53,878			54,330			63,452
Total other income	(2,522		)	(912		)	(2,987		)	(3,024		)
Net income attributable to Granite Construction Incorporated	45,982			37,191			36,325			40,949

Revenue

Total Revenue by Segment



	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2017				2016				2017				2016
Construction	$	579,146	60.5	%	$	464,624	57.8	%	$	1,235,264	56.4	%	$	1,005,457	54.5	%
Large Project Construction	279,845		29.2		249,345		31.0		741,341		33.9		642,116		34.7
Construction Materials	98,135		10.3		89,936		11.2		211,834		9.7		200,363		10.8
Total	$	957,126	100.0	%	$	803,905	100.0	%	$	2,188,439	100.0	%	$	1,847,936	100.0	%

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Construction Revenue



	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2017				2016				2017				2016
California:
Public sector	$	151,414	26.1	%	$	118,887	25.5	%	$	307,222	24.9	%	$	272,233	27.2	%
Private sector	54,095		9.3		55,739		12.0		128,656		10.4		131,197		13.0
Northwest:
Public sector	226,082		39.0		192,180		41.4		455,116		36.8		361,026		35.9
Private sector	29,335		5.1		31,386		6.8		63,541		5.1		69,778		6.9
Heavy Civil
Public sector	15,784		2.7		7,119		1.5		46,470		3.8		16,914		1.7
Private sector	1,522		0.3		—		—		4,154		0.3		—		—
Kenny:
Public sector	40,299		7.0		47,671		10.3		116,930		9.5		114,828		11.4
Private sector	60,615		10.5		11,642		2.5		113,175		9.2		39,481		3.9
Total	$	579,146	100.0	%	$	464,624	100.0	%	$	1,235,264	100.0	%	$	1,005,457	100.0	%

Construction revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $114.5 million, or 24.6%, and $229.8 million, or 22.9%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The increases during the three months ended September 30, 2017 were primarily due to an increase in beginning contract backlog in the public sector of the California and Northwest operating groups and the private sector of the Kenny operating group as well as new work in the public sector of the California operating group and the private sector of the Kenny operating group. The increases during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were primarily due to new work in the public sector of the California and Northwest operating groups and the private sector of the Kenny operating group as well as an increase in the beginning contract backlog in the public sector of the Northwest and Heavy Civil operating groups.

Large Project Construction Revenue



	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2017				2016				2017				2016
Heavy Civil¹	$	202,585	72.4	%	$	202,844	81.3	%	$	552,812	74.6	%	$	509,876	79.5	%
Northwest¹	13,987		5.0		10,751		4.3		28,949		3.9		23,888		3.7
California¹	12,181		4.4		8,986		3.6		34,350		4.6		23,942		3.7
Kenny
Public sector	29,198		10.4		18,899		7.6		88,212		11.9		66,206		10.3
Private sector	21,894		7.8		7,865		3.2		37,018		5.0		18,204		2.8
Total	$	279,845	100.0	%	$	249,345	100.0	%	$	741,341	100.0	%	$	642,116	100.0	%

¹For the periods presented, this Large Project Construction revenue was earned only from the public sector.

Large Project Construction revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $30.5 million, or 12.2%, and $99.2 million, or 15.5%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The increases were primarily due to an increase in progress on projects partially offset by a net negative impact from revisions in estimates (see Note 3 of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more information).

Construction Materials Revenue



	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2017				2016				2017				2016
California	$	54,971	56.0	%	$	46,185	51.4	%	$	127,850	60.4	%	$	112,575	56.2	%
Northwest	43,164		44.0		43,751		48.6		83,984		39.6		87,788		43.8
Total	$	98,135	100.0	%	$	89,936	100.0	%	$	211,834	100.0	%	$	200,363	100.0	%

Construction Materials revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $8.2 million, or 9.1%, and $11.5 million, or 5.7%, compared to the same periods in 2016. The increases were primarily due to a net increase in sales volume from improved demand.

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Contract Backlog

Our contract backlog consists of the unearned revenue on awarded contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. We generally include a project in our contract backlog at the time it is awarded and to the extent we believe funding is probable. Certain government contracts where funding is appropriated on a periodic basis are included in contract backlog at the time of the award when it is probable the contract value will be funded and executed. Awarded contracts that include unexercised contract options and unissued task orders are included in contract backlog to the extent options are exercised or task order issuance is probable. Substantially all of the contracts in our contract backlog may be canceled or modified at the election of the customer; however, we have not been materially adversely affected by contract cancellations or modifications in the past.

Total Contract Backlog by Segment



(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2017				June 30, 2017				September 30, 2016
Construction	$	1,134,887	26.8	%	$	1,266,504	31.2	%	$	1,102,147	29.3	%
Large Project Construction	3,099,857		73.2		2,797,894		68.8		2,662,399		70.7
Total	$	4,234,744	100.0	%	$	4,064,398	100.0	%	$	3,764,546	100.0	%

Construction Contract Backlog



(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2017				June 30, 2017				September 30, 2016
California:
Public sector	$	342,998	30.3	%	$	355,872	28.2	%	$	254,833	23.1	%
Private sector	124,855		11.0		123,104		9.7		84,741		7.7
Northwest:
Public sector	295,504		26.0		422,700		33.4		295,581		26.8
Private sector	59,764		5.3		47,117		3.7		30,832		2.8
Heavy Civil
Public sector	49,964		4.4		64,844		5.1		102,283		9.3
Private sector	89		—		1,611		0.1		4,748		0.4
Kenny:
Public sector	175,049		15.4		175,017		13.8		284,601		25.9
Private sector	86,664		7.6		76,239		6.0		44,528		4.0
Total	$	1,134,887	100.0	%	$	1,266,504	100.0	%	$	1,102,147	100.0	%

Construction contract backlog of $1.1 billion at September 30, 2017 was $131.6 million, or 10.4%, lower than at June 30, 2017 due to the progress and completion of existing projects in the public sectors of Northwest, California and Heavy Civil operating groups partially offset by improved success rate of bidding activity in California and Kenny operating groups. Significant new awards during the three months ended September 30, 2017 totaled $85.0 million and included two airport projects in California and a bridge reconstruction project in Illinois.

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Large Project Construction Contract Backlog



(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2017				June 30, 2017				September 30, 2016
Heavy Civil¹	$	2,578,136	83.2	%	$	2,200,119	78.7	%	$	1,905,434	71.6	%
Northwest¹	64,650		2.1		77,193		2.8		101,013		3.8
California¹	50,919		1.6		65,679		2.3		104,810		3.9
Kenny:
Public sector²	342,922		11.1		369,780		13.2		471,067		17.7
Private sector	63,230		2.0		85,123		3.0		80,075		3.0
Total	$	3,099,857	100.0	%	$	2,797,894	100.0	%	$	2,662,399	100.0	%

¹For the periods presented, all Large Project Construction contract backlog was related to contracts with public agencies.

²As of September 30, 2017, June 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, $0.5 million, $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of the Kenny public sector contract backlog was translated from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars at the spot rate in effect at the reporting date.

Large Project Construction contract backlog of $3.1 billion as of September 30, 2017 was $302.0 million, or 10.8%, higher than at June 30, 2017 due to an improved success rate of bidding activity in the Heavy Civil operating group partially offset by progress on existing projects in all other operating groups. Significant new awards during the three months ended September 30, 2017 included a military infrastructure project in Guam and an interstate improvement project in Virginia.

Non-controlling partners’ share of Large Project Construction contract backlog as of September 30, 2017, June 30, 2017, and September 30, 2016 was $393.8 million, $135.0 million and $155.0 million, respectively.

Gross Profit

The following table presents gross profit by business segment for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Construction	$	91,348		$	71,530		$	181,801		$	147,519
Percent of segment revenue	15.8		%	15.4		%	14.7		%	14.7		%
Large Project Construction	6,385			23,519			9,435			50,678
Percent of segment revenue	2.3			9.4			1.3			7.9
Construction Materials	16,797			12,625			22,990			21,923
Percent of segment revenue	17.1			14.0			10.9			10.9
Total gross profit	$	114,530		$	107,674		$	214,226		$	220,120
Percent of total revenue	12.0		%	13.4		%	9.8		%	11.9		%

Construction gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $19.8 million, or 27.7%, and $34.3 million, or 23.2%, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2016. The increases were primarily due to increased revenue volume.

Large Project Construction gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased by $17.1 million, or 72.9%, and $41.2 million, or 81.4%, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2016. Large Project Construction gross profit as a percentage of segment revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased to 2.3% from 9.4% and to 1.3% from 7.9%, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to a net negative impact from revisions in estimates (see Note 3 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”).

Construction Materials gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $4.2 million, or 33.0%, and by $1.1 million, or 4.9%, respectively, when compared to same periods in 2016. The increases during the three months ended September 30, 2017 were primarily due to margin improvement from increased production volume resulting in increased fixed cost absorption. The increases during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were primarily due to an increase in sales volume.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The following table presents the components of selling, general and administrative expenses for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Selling
Salaries and related expenses	$	11,045		$	11,786		$	36,417		$	36,152
Restricted stock unit amortization	373			569			2,052			1,713
Other selling expenses	1,099			2,606			6,683			6,700
Total selling	12,517			14,961			45,152			44,565
General and administrative
Salaries and related expenses	21,439			21,337			62,543			58,080
Restricted stock unit amortization	1,053			1,191			10,198			8,260
Other general and administrative expenses	14,492			16,705			44,833			48,127
Total general and administrative	36,984			39,233			117,574			114,467
Total selling, general and administrative	$	49,501		$	54,194		$	162,726		$	159,032
Percent of revenue	5.2		%	6.7		%	7.4		%	8.6		%

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $4.7 million, or 8.7%, and increased $3.7 million, or 2.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percent of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased to 5.2% from 6.7% and to 7.4% from 8.6%, respectively.

Selling Expenses

Selling expenses include the costs for estimating and bidding, business development and materials facility permits. Selling expenses can vary depending on the volume of projects in process and the number of employees assigned to estimating and bidding activities. As projects are completed or the volume of work slows down, we temporarily redeploy project employees to bid on new projects, moving their salaries and related costs from cost of revenue to selling expenses. Selling expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $2.4 million, or 16.3%, compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to lower bidding costs. Selling expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 remained relatively unchanged compared to the same period in 2016.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include costs related to our operational offices that are not allocated to direct contract costs and expenses related to our corporate functions. Other general and administrative expenses include travel and entertainment, outside services, information technology, depreciation, occupancy, training, office supplies, changes in the fair market value of our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation plan liability and other miscellaneous expenses, none of which individually exceeded 10% of total general and administrative expenses. Total general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $2.2 million, or 5.7%, compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to a decrease in other general and administrative expenses from a change in the fair market value of our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation plan liability, which is offset in other income, net. Total general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $3.1 million, or 2.7%, compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to an increase in salaries and related expenses from an increase in employee benefits and compensation and due to an increase in restricted stock unit amortization from an increase in awards issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 that immediately vested. These increases were partially offset by decreases in other general and administrative expenses primarily due to a write-off of capitalized software during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

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Other Income

The following table presents the components of other income for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Interest income	$	(1,141	)	$	(790	)	$	(3,356	)	$	(2,424	)
Interest expense	2,660			3,034			8,097			9,270
Equity in income of affiliates	(2,732		)	(2,424		)	(4,907		)	(4,583		)
Other income, net	(1,309		)	(732		)	(2,821		)	(5,287		)
Total other income	$	(2,522	)	$	(912	)	$	(2,987	)	$	(3,024	)

Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2016 primarily due to a reduction of the principal balance of our 2019 Notes (as defined in the Senior Notes Payable section below) from payments made in the fourth quarter of 2016. Other income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 decreased $2.5 million when compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to changes in the fair market values of our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation plan assets partially offset by decreases from the termination of an interest rate swap in the fourth quarter of 2016 and a gain associated with a consolidated real estate entity during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Income Taxes

The following table presents the provision for income taxes for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Provision for income taxes	$	21,249		$	16,617		$	16,841		$	19,540
Effective tax rate	30.7		%	30.3		%	29.4		%	29.4		%

We calculate our income tax provision at the end of each interim period by estimating our annual effective tax rate and applying that rate to our year-to-date ordinary earnings. The effect of changes in enacted tax laws, tax rates or tax status is recognized in the interim period in which the change occurs.

Certain Legal Proceedings

As discussed in Note 13 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” under certain circumstances the resolution of certain legal proceedings to which we are subject could have direct or indirect consequences that could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and/or liquidity.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The timing differences between our cash inflows and outflows require us to maintain adequate levels of working capital. We believe our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, available borrowing capacity and cash expected to be generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our expected working capital needs, capital expenditures, financial commitments, cash dividend payments, and other liquidity requirements associated with our existing operations for the next twelve months. We maintain a collateralized credit facility of $291.3 million, of which $161.7 million was available at September 30, 2017, to provide capital needs to fund growth opportunities, either internal or generated through acquisitions (see Credit Agreement discussion below) or to pay installments on our 2019 Notes (see Senior Notes Payable discussion below). If we experience a prolonged change in our business operating results or make a significant acquisition, we may need additional sources of financing, which, if available, may be limited by the terms of our existing debt covenants, or may require the amendment of our existing debt agreements. There can be no assurance that sufficient capital will continue to be available in the future or that it will be available on terms acceptable to us.

Our revenue, gross profit and the resulting cash flows can differ significantly from period to period due to a variety of factors, including our projects’ progressions toward completion, outstanding contract change orders and claims and the payment terms of our contracts. We typically invoice our customers on a monthly basis. Our contracts frequently call for retention that is a specified percentage withheld from each payment until the contract is completed and the work accepted by the customer.

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The following table presents our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, including amounts from our consolidated construction joint ventures (“CCJVs”), as of the respective dates:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		September 30, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents excluding CCJVs	$	114,188	$	116,211	$	102,422
CCJV cash and cash equivalents¹	71,328		73,115		47,803
Total consolidated cash and cash equivalents	185,516		189,326		150,225
Short-term and long-term marketable securities²	117,805		127,779		107,771
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	303,321	$	317,105	$	257,996

¹The volume and stage of completion of contracts from our CCJVs may cause fluctuations in joint venture cash and cash equivalents between periods. These funds generally are not available for the working capital or other liquidity needs of Granite until distributed.

²See Note 4 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for the composition of our marketable securities.

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash generated from operations. We may also from time to time access our Credit Agreement (defined below), issue and sell equity, debt or hybrid securities or engage in other capital markets transactions.

Our cash and cash equivalents consisted of deposits and money market funds held with established national financial institutions. Marketable securities consist of U.S. Government and agency obligations and commercial paper.

Granite’s portion of CCJV cash and cash equivalents was $42.9 million, $44.7 million and $29.2 million as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, respectively. Excluded from the table above is Granite’s portion of unconsolidated construction joint venture cash and cash equivalents of $100.3 million, $151.3 million and $150.9 million as of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, respectively. The assets of each consolidated and unconsolidated construction joint venture relate solely to that joint venture. The decision to distribute joint venture assets must generally be made jointly by a majority of the members and, accordingly, these assets, including those associated with estimated cost recovery of customer affirmative claims and back charge claims, are generally not available for the working capital needs of Granite until distributed.

Our principal uses of liquidity are paying the costs and expenses associated with our operations, servicing outstanding indebtedness, making capital expenditures and paying dividends on our capital stock. We may also from time to time prepay or repurchase outstanding indebtedness and acquire assets or businesses that are complementary to our operations.

Cash Flows



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	64,614		$	(19,398	)
Investing activities	(39,088		)	(60,777		)
Financing activities	(29,336		)	(22,436		)

As a large construction and heavy civil contractor and construction materials producer, our operating cash flows are subject to seasonal cycles, as well as the cycles associated with winning, performing and closing projects. Additionally, operating cash flows are impacted by the timing related to funding construction joint ventures and the resolution of uncertainties inherent in the complex nature of the work that we perform, including claims settlements. Our working capital assets result from both public and private sector projects. Customers in the private sector can be slower paying than those in the public sector; however, private sector projects generally have higher gross profit as a percentage of revenue.

We manage our combined accounts receivable, net, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings balances, our primary working capital assets, using day’s sales outstanding (“DSO”). We calculate DSO by dividing the end of the period accounts receivable, net, removing retention and other receivables, plus costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings less billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings by total revenue, less Granite’s interest in revenue related to unconsolidated construction joint ventures, for the current quarter multiplied by 90 days. DSO remained flat at 50 days as of September 30, 2017 when compared to September 30, 2016.

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We manage our accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities balances, our primary working capital liabilities, using day’s payables outstanding (“DPO”). We calculate DPO by dividing the end of the period accounts payable plus accrued expenses and other current liabilities (excluding performance guarantees and deficit in construction joint ventures) by total selling, general and administrative expenses and cost of revenue less Granite’s interest in cost of revenue related to unconsolidated construction joint ventures for the current quarter multiplied by 90 days. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities typically include items such as accruals for salaries and related benefits, insurance and sales, use and property tax, some of which are not scalable to our cost volume. DPO decreased 3 days to 53 days as of September 30, 2017 from 56 days at September 30, 2016 due to a two day increase of DPO from an increase in accounts payable offset by a 5 day decrease of DPO resulting from a lower relative increase of accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Cash provided by operating activities of $64.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 represents an $84.0 million increase when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily due to a $35.1 million increase in net distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures, a $17.9 million increase in cash provided by working capital and a $31.0 million increase in cash provided by net income after adjusting for non-cash items. The increase in cash provided by working capital was due to a $31.8 million increase in cash provided by working capital liabilities partially offset by a $13.9 million decrease in cash provided by working capital assets. The increase in cash provided by working capital liabilities was primarily due to an increase in volume partially offset by a decrease in DPO. The decrease in cash provided by working capital assets was primarily due to an increase in revenue volume.

Cash used in investing activities of $39.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 represents a $21.7 million decrease when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily due to a decrease in purchases, net of sales proceeds, of property and equipment (see Capital Expenditures discussion below) and an increase in maturities, net of purchases and proceeds, of marketable securities.

Cash used in financing activities of $29.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 represents a $6.9 million increase when compared to the same period in 2016. The change was primarily due to a $5.0 million increase in net distributions to non-controlling partners related to consolidated joint ventures and a $1.8 million increase in repurchases of common stock related to shares surrendered to pay taxes for vested restricted stock.

Capital Expenditures

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we had capital expenditures of $56.8 million compared to $67.9 million during the same period in 2016. Major capital expenditures are typically for aggregate and asphalt production facilities, aggregate reserves, construction equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements and investments in our information technology systems. The timing and amount of such expenditures can vary based on the progress of planned capital projects, the type and size of construction projects, changes in business outlook and other factors. We currently anticipate 2017 capital expenditures to be between $75.0 million and $85.0 million.

Derivatives

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value using Level 2 inputs.

In January 2016, we entered into an interest rate swap designed to convert the interest rate on our term loan from a variable to fixed interest rate (see Credit Agreement section below).

In March 2014, we entered into an interest rate swap designed to convert the interest rate on our 2019 Notes (as defined below) from a fixed to variable interest rate, which we terminated in December 2016 (see Senior Notes Payable section below).

Credit Agreement

As of September 30, 2017, we had a $291.3 million credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”), of which $200.0 million was a revolving credit facility and $91.3 million was a term loan that matures on October 28, 2020 (the “Maturity Date”) and has a sublimit for letters of credit of $100.0 million. As of September 30, 2017, December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016, $5.0 million of the term loan balance was included in current maturities of long-term debt and the remaining $86.3 million, $90.0 million and $91.3 million, respectively, was included in long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $30.0 million had been drawn from the Credit Agreement to service the 2016 installment of the 2019 Notes (defined below). As of September 30, 2017, the total stated amount of all issued and outstanding letters of credit under the Credit Agreement was $8.3 million. The total unused availability under the Credit Agreement was $161.7 million. The letters of credit will expire between October 2017 and August 2018.

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Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at LIBOR or a base rate (at our option), plus an applicable margin based on certain financial ratios calculated quarterly. LIBOR varies based on the applicable loan term, market conditions and other external factors. The applicable margin was 1.75% for loans bearing interest based on LIBOR and 0.75% for loans bearing interest at the base rate at September 30, 2017. Accordingly, the effective interest rate using three-month LIBOR and base rate was between 3.08% and 5.00%, respectively, at September 30, 2017 and we elected to use LIBOR.

The Credit Agreement provides for the release of the liens securing the obligations, at our option and expense, so long as certain conditions as defined by the terms in the Credit Agreement are satisfied (“Collateral Release Period”). However, if subsequent to exercising the option, our Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is less than 1.25 or our Consolidated Leverage Ratio is greater than 2.50, then we would be required to promptly re-pledge substantially all of the assets of the Company and our subsidiaries that are guarantors or borrowers under the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2017, the conditions to release the liens were not satisfied.

Senior Notes Payable

Senior notes payable in the amount of $120.0 million as of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and in the amount of $160.0 million as of September 30, 2016 were due to a group of institutional holders and had an interest rate of 6.11% per annum (“2019 Notes”). As of September 30, 2017, three equal annual installments from 2017 through 2019 were remaining. Of the outstanding balances, $110.0 million as of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and $150.0 million as of September 30, 2016 were included in long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2016, the fair value of the interest rate swap that was terminated in December 2016 was $1.1 million and was included in other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded net losses of $0.6 million and net gains $1.0 million, respectively, that were included in other income, net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Surety Bonds and Real Estate Mortgages

We are generally required to provide various types of surety bonds that provide an additional measure of security under certain public and private sector contracts. At September 30, 2017, approximately $3.9 billion of our contract backlog was bonded. Performance bonds do not have stated expiration dates; rather, we are generally released from the bonds after the owner accepts the work performed under contract. The ability to maintain bonding capacity to support our current and future level of contracting requires that we maintain cash and working capital balances satisfactory to our sureties.

Our unconsolidated real estate held for development and sale is subject to mortgage indebtedness. This indebtedness is non-recourse to Granite but is recourse to the real estate entities. The terms of this indebtedness are typically renegotiated to reflect the evolving nature of the real estate projects as they progress through acquisition, entitlement and development. Modification of these terms may include changes in loan-to-value ratios requiring the real estate entity to repay portions of the debt.

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Covenants and Events of Default

Our debt and credit agreements require us to comply with various affirmative, restrictive and financial covenants, including the financial covenants described below. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants, or to pay principal, interest or other amounts when due thereunder, would constitute an event of default under the applicable agreements. Under certain circumstances, the occurrence of an event of default under one of our debt or credit agreements (or the acceleration of the maturity of the indebtedness under one of our agreements) may constitute an event of default under one or more of our other debt or credit agreements. Default under our debt and credit agreements could result in (i) us no longer being entitled to borrow under the agreements; (ii) termination of the agreements; (iii) the requirement that any letters of credit under the agreements be cash collateralized; (iv) acceleration of the maturity of outstanding indebtedness under the agreements and/or (v) foreclosure on any collateral securing the obligations under the agreements.

The most significant financial covenants under the terms of our Credit Agreement and the note purchase agreement governing the 2019 Notes require the maintenance of a minimum Consolidated Tangible Net Worth, a minimum Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio and a maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio.

As of September 30, 2017 and pursuant to the definitions in the agreements, our Consolidated Tangible Net Worth was $912.2 million, which exceeded the minimum of $734.7 million and our Consolidated Leverage Ratio was 1.60, which did not exceed the maximum of 3.00. Our Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio was 12.50, which exceeded the minimum of 4.00.

As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in the Credit Agreement and related to the 2019 Notes. We are not aware of any non-compliance by any of our unconsolidated real estate entities with the covenants contained in their debt agreements.

Share Purchase Program

On April 7, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to $200.0 million of our common stock at management’s discretion, which replaced the former authorization including the amount available. We did not purchase shares under the share purchase program in any of the periods presented. The specific timing and amount of any future purchases will vary based on market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors.

Website Access

Our website address is www.graniteconstruction.com. On our website we make available, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on our website is not incorporated into, and is not part of, this report. These reports, and any amendments to them, are also available at the website of the SEC, www.sec.gov.


Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There has been no significant change in our exposure to market risks since December 31, 2016.

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Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management carried out, as of September 30, 2017, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, we implemented new transition and adoption controls as part of our efforts to adopt Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and the related Accounting Standards Updates (“Topic 606”). These controls will be effective until the adoption of Topic 606 is complete and relate to evaluation of our contracts with customers and the resulting impact, if any, upon the adoption of Topic 606, the monitoring of the adoption process and evaluation of the amounts used in the disclosures in Note 2 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” within Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As the transition and adoption process continues, there may be additional changes in internal controls over financial reporting. However, there were no other changes to our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The description of the matters set forth in Part I, Item 1 of this Report under Note 13 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table sets forth information regarding the repurchase of shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2017:



Period	Total number of shares purchased¹	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs²
July 1, 2017 through July 31, 2017	1,743	$	48.34	—	$	200,000,000
Aug 1, 2017 through Aug 31, 2017	696	$	51.56	—	$	200,000,000
Sept 1, 2017 through Sept 30, 2017	449	$	55.86	—	$	200,000,000
	2,888	$	50.29	—

¹The number of shares purchased is in connection with employee tax withholding for units vested under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

²On April 7, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to $200.0 million of our common stock at management’s discretion, which replaced the former authorization including the amount available. We did not purchase shares under the share purchase plan in any of the periods presented. The specific timing and amount of any future purchases will vary based on market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors.

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Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 6. EXHIBITS



31.1	†	Certification of Principal Executive Officer
31.2	†	Certification of Principal Financial Officer
32	††	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
95	†	Mine Safety Disclosure
101.INS	†	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

	†	Filed herewith
	††	Furnished herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



			GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

Date:	October 27, 2017	By:	/s/ Laurel J. Krzeminski
			Laurel J. Krzeminski
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)