Green Brick Partners, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________
FORM 10-Q
___________________
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
or
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-33530
Green Brick Partners, Inc. | ||
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 20-5952523 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (IRS Employer Identification Number) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2805 Dallas Pkwy | , | Ste 400 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Plano | , | TX | 75093 | (469) | 573-6755 | |||||||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code) | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) | |||||||||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | GRBK | The New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
| Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/1000th interest in a share of 5.75% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share) | GRBK PRA | The New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares of the Registrant's common stock outstanding as of October 28, 2022 was 46,037,649.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |||||||||||
| Item 1. | |||||||||||
| Item 2. | |||||||||||
| Item 4. | |||||||||||
| OTHER INFORMATION | |||||||||||
| Item 2. | |||||||||||
| Item 6. | |||||||||||
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data) (Unaudited)
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 48,203 | $ | 77,166 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | 18,739 | 16,388 | |||||||||
| Receivables | 7,239 | 6,871 | |||||||||
| Inventory | 1,453,056 | 1,203,743 | |||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated entities | 69,250 | 55,616 | |||||||||
| Right-of-use assets - operating leases | 3,800 | 4,596 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 2,894 | 2,812 | |||||||||
| Earnest money deposits | 25,203 | 26,008 | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax assets, net | 15,741 | 15,741 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 473 | 537 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 680 | 680 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 12,457 | 11,709 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,657,735 | $ | 1,421,867 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 60,984 | $ | 45,682 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | 99,425 | 61,351 | |||||||||
| Customer and builder deposits | 43,622 | 64,610 | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities - operating leases | 3,972 | 4,745 | |||||||||
| Borrowings on lines of credit, net | 42,902 | (738) | |||||||||
| Senior unsecured notes, net | 335,729 | 335,446 | |||||||||
| Notes payable | 14,638 | 210 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 601,272 | 511,306 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interest in equity of consolidated subsidiary | 25,660 | 21,867 | |||||||||
| Equity: | |||||||||||
| Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized; 2,000 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively | 47,696 | 47,696 | |||||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized; 46,037,649 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and 51,151,911 and 50,759,972 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021, respectively | 460 | 512 | |||||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost: none as of September 30, 2022 and 391,939 shares as of December 31, 2021 | — | (3,167) | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 261,570 | 289,641 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 699,514 | 539,866 | |||||||||
| Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity | 1,009,240 | 874,548 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | 21,563 | 14,146 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 1,030,803 | 888,694 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,657,735 | $ | 1,421,867 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units revenue | $ | 396,749 | $ | 338,900 | $ | 1,273,925 | $ | 889,636 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Land and lots revenue | 11,195 | 3,440 | 52,779 | 60,989 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 407,944 | 342,340 | 1,326,704 | 950,625 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of residential units | 268,536 | 247,899 | 879,108 | 654,136 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of land and lots | 6,089 | 3,105 | 37,025 | 45,188 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenues | 274,625 | 251,004 | 916,133 | 699,324 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross profit | 133,319 | 91,336 | 410,571 | 251,301 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | (43,251) | (33,709) | (119,314) | (97,182) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in income of unconsolidated entities | 5,697 | 5,555 | 19,907 | 14,039 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 1,831 | 1,976 | 7,347 | 6,239 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 97,596 | 65,158 | 318,511 | 174,397 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 16,963 | 13,898 | 65,678 | 37,093 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 80,633 | 51,260 | 252,833 | 137,304 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 7,113 | 2,753 | 16,480 | 10,565 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. | $ | 73,520 | $ | 48,507 | $ | 236,353 | $ | 126,739 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.58 | $ | 0.96 | $ | 4.86 | $ | 2.50 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.57 | $ | 0.95 | $ | 4.82 | $ | 2.48 | ||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 46,032 | 50,732 | 48,205 | 50,689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 46,390 | 51,079 | 48,544 | 51,046 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
| Common Stock | Preferred Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Non controlling Interests | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2022 | 51,275,158 | $ | 513 | 2,000 | $ | 47,696 | (4,804,152) | $ | (95,479) | $ | 293,336 | $ | 701,325 | $ | 947,391 | $ | 16,104 | $ | 963,495 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share forfeitures | (1,011) | — | — | — | — | — | (1) | — | (1) | — | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | 204 | — | 204 | — | 204 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (718) | (718) | — | (718) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock repurchases | — | — | — | — | (432,346) | (9,151) | — | — | (9,151) | — | (9,151) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock retirement | (5,236,498) | (53) | — | — | 5,236,498 | 104,630 | (29,964) | (74,613) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | (2,005) | — | (2,005) | — | (2,005) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 73,520 | 73,520 | 5,459 | 78,979 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2022 | 46,037,649 | $ | 460 | 2,000 | $ | 47,696 | — | $ | — | $ | 261,570 | $ | 699,514 | $ | 1,009,240 | $ | 21,563 | $ | 1,030,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Non controlling Interests | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2021 | 51,151,911 | $ | 511 | (391,939) | $ | (3,167) | $ | 292,157 | $ | 427,888 | $ | 717,389 | $ | 14,302 | $ | 731,691 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 161 | — | 161 | — | 161 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | 732 | — | 732 | — | 732 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 48,507 | 48,507 | 2,130 | 50,637 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2021 | 51,151,911 | $ | 511 | (391,939) | $ | (3,167) | $ | 293,050 | $ | 476,395 | $ | 766,789 | $ | 16,432 | $ | 783,221 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
| Common Stock | Preferred Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Non controlling Interests | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | 51,151,911 | $ | 512 | 2,000 | $ | 47,696 | (391,939) | $ | (3,167) | $ | 289,641 | $ | 539,866 | $ | 874,548 | $ | 14,146 | $ | 888,694 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan | 168,651 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 2,751 | — | 2,753 | — | 2,753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withholdings from vesting of restricted stock awards | (46,415) | (1) | — | — | — | — | (1,074) | — | (1,075) | — | (1,075) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (2,092) | (2,092) | — | (2,092) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | — | 664 | — | 664 | — | 664 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock repurchases | — | — | — | — | (4,844,559) | (101,463) | — | — | (101,463) | — | (101,463) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock retirement | (5,236,498) | (53) | — | — | 5,236,498 | 104,630 | (29,964) | (74,613) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | (448) | — | (448) | — | (448) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (5,718) | (5,718) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 236,353 | 236,353 | 13,135 | 249,488 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2022 | 46,037,649 | $ | 460 | 2,000 | $ | 47,696 | — | $ | — | $ | 261,570 | $ | 699,514 | $ | 1,009,240 | $ | 21,563 | $ | 1,030,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Non controlling Interests | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 51,053,858 | $ | 511 | (391,939) | $ | (3,167) | $ | 293,242 | $ | 349,656 | $ | 640,242 | $ | 9,167 | $ | 649,409 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan | 139,371 | 1 | — | — | 2,436 | — | 2,437 | — | 2,437 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Withholdings from vesting of restricted stock awards | (41,318) | (1) | — | — | (833) | — | (834) | — | (834) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 480 | — | 480 | — | 480 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | (2,275) | — | (2,275) | — | (2,275) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (1,606) | (1,606) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 126,739 | 126,739 | 8,871 | 135,610 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2021 | 51,151,911 | $ | 511 | (391,939) | $ | (3,167) | $ | 293,050 | $ | 476,395 | $ | 766,789 | $ | 16,432 | $ | 783,221 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands) (Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 252,833 | $ | 137,304 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | 1,717 | 2,075 | |||||||||
| Loss on disposal of property and equipment, net | (386) | 195 | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | 3,329 | 2,917 | |||||||||
| Equity in income of unconsolidated entities | (19,907) | (14,039) | |||||||||
| Allowances for option deposits and pre-acquisition costs | 839 | 210 | |||||||||
| Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities | 9,870 | 7,755 | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Increase in receivables | (368) | (1,805) | |||||||||
| Increase in inventory | (248,303) | (325,086) | |||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in earnest money deposits | 727 | (4,166) | |||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in other assets | (1,486) | 617 | |||||||||
| Increase in accounts payable | 15,302 | 23,793 | |||||||||
| Increase in accrued expenses | 38,161 | 24,151 | |||||||||
| Payment of contingent consideration in excess of acquisition date fair value | — | (368) | |||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in customer and builder deposits | (20,988) | 31,948 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 31,340 | (114,499) | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated entities | (3,597) | (8) | |||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | (1,349) | (1,782) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (4,946) | (1,790) | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Borrowings from lines of credit | 355,000 | 506,000 | |||||||||
| Borrowings from senior unsecured notes | — | 125,000 | |||||||||
| Repayments of lines of credit | (312,000) | (490,000) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from notes payable | 14,472 | 127 | |||||||||
| Repayments of notes payable | (44) | (2,030) | |||||||||
| Payments of debt issuance costs | (86) | (894) | |||||||||
| Payments of withholding tax on vesting of restricted stock awards | (1,075) | (834) | |||||||||
| Stock repurchases | (101,463) | — | |||||||||
| Dividends paid | (2,092) | — | |||||||||
| Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interest | — | (106) | |||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (5,718) | (1,606) | |||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (53,006) | 135,657 | |||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (26,612) | 19,368 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 77,166 | 19,479 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash, beginning of period | 16,388 | 14,156 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 93,554 | 33,635 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | 48,203 | 21,561 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash, end of period | 18,739 | 31,442 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 66,942 | $ | 53,003 | |||||||
5
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands) (Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds | $ | 63,527 | $ | 32,485 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), but do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods presented reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022 or subsequent periods due to seasonal variations and other factors.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Green Brick Partners, Inc., its controlled subsidiaries, and variable interest entities in which Green Brick Partners, Inc. or one of its controlled subsidiaries is deemed to be the primary beneficiary (together, the “Company”, “we”, or “Green Brick”).
All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in unconsolidated entities over which it exercises significant influence but does not have a controlling interest. Under the equity method, the Company’s share of the unconsolidated entities’ earnings or losses, if any, is included in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, including the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation with no impact to net income in any period.
For a complete set of the Company’s significant accounting policies, refer to Note 1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the FASB through Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) to the FASB ASC. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs and has determined that any recently adopted accounting pronouncements did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and all recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted are not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
2. INVENTORY
A summary of inventory is as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Homes completed or under construction | $ | 674,916 | $ | 544,258 | |||||||
| Land and lots - developed and under development | 769,640 | 620,129 | |||||||||
| Land held for sale | 8,500 | 39,356 | |||||||||
| Total inventory | $ | 1,453,056 | $ | 1,203,743 | |||||||
A summary of interest costs incurred, capitalized and expensed is as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest capitalized at beginning of period | $ | 20,420 | $ | 18,960 | $ | 19,950 | $ | 17,520 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest incurred | 4,206 | 3,597 | 11,985 | 9,698 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest charged to cost of revenues | (3,183) | (2,797) | (10,492) | (7,458) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest capitalized at end of period | $ | 21,443 | $ | 19,760 | $ | 21,443 | $ | 19,760 | |||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest as a percentage of inventory | 1.5 | % | 1.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2022, the Company reviewed the performance and outlook for all of its communities for indicators of potential impairment and performed detailed impairment analysis when necessary. As of September 30, 2022, the Company did not identify any selling communities with indicators of impairment.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not record an impairment adjustment to reduce the carrying value of impaired communities to fair value.
8
3. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES
A summary of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated entities is as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| GB Challenger, LLC | $ | 46,392 | $ | 37,737 | ||||||||||
| GBTM Sendera, LLC | 13,451 | 9,854 | ||||||||||||
| EJB River Holdings, LLC | 7,717 | 6,130 | ||||||||||||
| BHome Mortgage, LLC | 875 | 1,180 | ||||||||||||
| Green Brick Mortgage, LLC | 815 | 715 | ||||||||||||
| Total investment in unconsolidated entities | $ | 69,250 | $ | 55,616 | ||||||||||
A summary of the unaudited condensed financial information of the five unconsolidated entities that are accounted for by the equity method is as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 15,891 | $ | 15,903 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | 3,754 | 4,787 | |||||||||
| Bonds and notes receivable | 5,772 | 5,772 | |||||||||
| Loans held for sale, at fair value | 20,145 | 20,734 | |||||||||
| Inventory | 198,968 | 166,861 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 11,140 | 7,220 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 255,670 | $ | 221,277 | |||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 11,341 | $ | 7,701 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 15,818 | 13,992 | |||||||||
| Notes payable | 99,295 | 95,816 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 126,454 | 117,509 | |||||||||
| Owners’ equity: | |||||||||||
| Green Brick | 65,540 | 52,983 | |||||||||
| Others | 63,676 | 50,785 | |||||||||
| Total owners’ equity | 129,216 | 103,768 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and owners’ equity | $ | 255,670 | $ | 221,277 | |||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 65,620 | $ | 64,131 | $ | 221,650 | $ | 155,589 | |||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | 54,140 | 52,917 | 181,612 | 127,276 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings of unconsolidated entities | $ | 11,480 | $ | 11,214 | $ | 40,038 | $ | 28,313 | |||||||||||||||
| Company’s share in net earnings of unconsolidated entities | $ | 5,697 | $ | 5,555 | $ | 19,907 | $ | 14,039 | |||||||||||||||
9
A summary of the Company’s share in net earnings by unconsolidated entity is as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| GB Challenger, LLC | $ | 5,196 | $ | 4,377 | $ | 16,282 | $ | 10,352 | |||||||||||||||
| EJB River Holdings, LLC | 203 | 361 | 1,587 | 833 | |||||||||||||||||||
| BHome Mortgage, LLC | 145 | 435 | 1,055 | 839 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Green Brick Mortgage, LLC | 153 | 382 | 983 | 2,015 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total net earnings from unconsolidated entities | $ | 5,697 | $ | 5,555 | $ | 19,907 | $ | 14,039 | |||||||||||||||
4. DEBT
Lines of Credit
Borrowings on lines of credit outstanding, net of debt issuance costs, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Secured Revolving Credit Facility | $ | — | $ | 2,000 | |||||||
| Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | 45,000 | — | |||||||||
| Debt issuance costs, net of amortization | (2,098) | (2,738) | |||||||||
| Total borrowings on lines of credit, net | $ | 42,902 | $ | (738) | |||||||
Secured Revolving Credit Facility
The Company is party to a revolving credit facility (the “Secured Revolving Credit Facility”) with Inwood National Bank, which provides for an aggregate commitment amount of $35.0 million. On February 9, 2022, the Company entered into the Eighth Amendment to this credit agreement to extend its maturity from May 1, 2022 to May 1, 2025 and to reduce the minimum interest rate from 4.00% to 3.15%. All other material terms of the credit agreement, as amended, remained unchanged. The entire unpaid principal balance and any accrued but unpaid interest is due and payable on the maturity date. As of September 30, 2022, the maturity date of the Secured Revolving Credit Facility is May 1, 2025.
As of September 30, 2022, there were no letters of credit outstanding under the Secured Revolving Credit Facility and a net available commitment amount of $35.0 million.
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
The Company is party to a credit agreement, providing for a senior, unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility”). The Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility provides for maximum aggregate lending commitments of up to $325.0 million of which the Company has secured outstanding commitments of $300.0 million. The termination date with respect to commitments under the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility is December 14, 2024.
As of September 30, 2022, the interest rates on outstanding borrowings under the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility ranged from 5.29% to 5.50% per annum.
Senior Unsecured Notes
On August 8, 2019, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with Prudential Private Capital to issue $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes (the “2026 Notes”) due on August 8, 2026 at a fixed rate of 4.00% per annum in a Section 4(a)(2) private placement transaction. The Company received net proceeds of $73.3 million and incurred debt issuance costs of approximately $1.7 million that were deferred and reduced the amount of debt on our condensed balance sheet. The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Notes to repay borrowings under the Company’s existing revolving credit facilities. Principal on the 2026 Notes is required to be paid in increments of $12.5 million on August 8, 2024 and $12.5 million on August 8, 2025. The final principal payment of $50.0 million is due on August 8, 2026. Optional prepayment is allowed with payment of a “make-whole” penalty which fluctuates depending on market interest rates. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears commencing on November 8, 2019.
10
On August 26, 2020, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with The Prudential Insurance Company of America and Prudential Universal Reinsurance Company to issue $37.5 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes (the “2027 Notes”) due on August 26, 2027 at a fixed rate of 3.35% per annum in a Section 4(a)(2) private placement transaction. The Company received net proceeds of $37.4 million and incurred debt issuance costs of approximately $0.1 million that were deferred and reduced the amount of debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2027 Notes to repay borrowings under the Company’s existing revolving credit facilities and for general corporate purposes. Optional prepayment is allowed with payment of a “make-whole” penalty which fluctuates depending on market interest rates. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears commencing on November 26, 2020.
On February 25, 2021, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with several purchasers to issue $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes (the “2028 Notes”) due on May 25, 2028 at a fixed rate of 3.25% per annum in a Section 4(a)(2) private placement transaction. The Company received net proceeds of $124.4 million and incurred debt issuance costs of approximately $0.6 million that were deferred and reduced the amount of debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2028 Notes to repay borrowings under the Company’s existing revolving credit facilities and for general corporate purposes. Principal on the 2028 Notes is due in increments of $25.0 million on February 25, 2024; $25.0 million on February 25, 2025; $25.0 million on February 25, 2026; $25.0 million on February 25, 2027 and $25.0 million on February 25, 2028. Optional prepayment is allowed with payment of a “make-whole” penalty which fluctuates depending on market interest rates. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears commencing on May 25, 2021.
On December 28, 2021, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with several purchasers to issue $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes (the “2029 Notes”) due on December 28, 2029 at a fixed rate of 3.25% per annum in a Section 4(a)(2) private placement transaction. The Company received net proceeds of $99.6 million and incurred debt issuance costs of approximately $0.4 million that were deferred and reduced the amount of debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes to repay borrowings under the Company’s existing revolving credit facilities and for general corporate purposes. Principal on the 2029 Notes of $30.0 million is due on December 28, 2028. The remaining principal amount of $70.0 million is due on December 28, 2029. Optional prepayment is allowed with payment of a “make-whole” penalty which fluctuates depending on market interest rates. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears commencing on March 28, 2022.
Notes payable
On February 7, 2022, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a Promissory Note agreement with another homebuilder for $28.8 million in connection with the acquisition of a tract of land in Bastrop County, Texas. The Company agreed to pay $14.4 million per the governing Joint Ownership and Development Agreement. The Promissory Note matures on February 7, 2024 and it carries an annual fixed rate of 0.6%.
5. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Equity of Consolidated Subsidiaries
The Company has a noncontrolling interest attributable to the 20% minority interest in GRBK GHO Homes, LLC (“GRBK GHO”) owned by our Florida-based partner that is included as redeemable noncontrolling interest in equity of consolidated subsidiary in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
The following tables show the changes in redeemable noncontrolling interest in equity of consolidated subsidiary during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interest, beginning of period | $ | 22,001 | $ | 17,515 | |||||||
| Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest partner | 1,654 | 623 | |||||||||
| Distributions of income to redeemable noncontrolling interest partner | — | — | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest | 2,005 | (732) | |||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interest, end of period | $ | 25,660 | $ | 17,406 | |||||||
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| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interest, beginning of period | $ | 21,867 | $ | 13,543 | |||||||
| Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest partner | 3,345 | 1,694 | |||||||||
| Distributions of income to redeemable noncontrolling interest partner | — | (106) | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest | 448 | 2,275 | |||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interest, end of period | $ | 25,660 | $ | 17,406 | |||||||
6. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
2021 Share Repurchase Program
On March 1, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a stock repurchase program (the “2021 Repurchase Plan”). The 2021 Repurchase Plan authorized the Company to purchase from time to time on or prior to December 31, 2022, up to $50.0 million of our outstanding common stock through open market repurchases in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act and/or in privately negotiated transactions at management’s discretion based on market and business conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors.
During the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 2,423,644 shares for approximately $50.0 million. The Company completed the repurchases under the 2021 Repurchase Plan on April 29, 2022. The repurchased shares were subsequently retired.
2022 Share Repurchase Program
On April 27, 2022, the Board approved a new stock repurchase program (the “2022 Repurchase Plan”) that authorizes the Company to purchase, from time to time, up to an additional $100.0 million of our outstanding common stock through open market repurchases in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act and/or in privately negotiated transactions at management’s discretion based on market and business conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The new plan has no time deadline and will continue until otherwise modified or terminated by the Board at any time in its sole discretion.
Under the 2022 Repurchase Plan, the Company repurchased 2,420,915 shares for approximately $51.3 million during the nine month period ended September 30, 2022. The remaining dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the 2022 Repurchase Plan was $48.7 million as of September 30, 2022. The repurchased shares were subsequently retired.
Preferred Stock
The table below presents a summary of the perpetual preferred stock outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| Series | Description | Initial date of issuance | Total Shares Outstanding | Liquidation Preference per Share (in dollars) | Carrying Value (in thousands) | Per Annum Dividend Rate | Redemption Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series A(1) | 5.75% Cumulative Perpetual | December 2021 | 2,000 | $ | 25 | $ | 50,000 | 5.75 | % | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Ownership is held in the form of Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of preferred stock, paying a quarterly cash dividend, if and when declared.
Dividends
On October 27, 2022, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.359 per depositary share on the Company’s preferred stock. The dividend is payable on December 15, 2022 to stockholders of record as of December 1, 2022.
Preferred share dividends paid totaled $0.7 million and $2.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. As the Series A Preferred Stock was issued in December 2021, no dividend payments were made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
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7. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Share-Based Award Activity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted stock awards (“SAs”) under its 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan to executive officers (“EOs”) and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) to non-employee members of the Board of Directors (“BOD”). The SAs granted to the EOs were 100% vested and non-forfeitable on the grant date. Some members of the BOD also elected to defer up to 100% of their annual retainer fee in the form of RSAs. The RSAs granted to the BOD will become fully vested on the earlier of (i) the first anniversary of the date of grant of the shares of restricted common stock or (ii) the date of the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The fair value of the SAs granted to EOs and RSAs granted to non-employee members of the BOD were recorded as share-based compensation expense on the grant date and over the vesting period, respectively. The Company withheld 46,415 shares of common stock from EOs, at a total cost of $1.1 million, to satisfy statutory minimum tax requirements upon grant of the SAs.
2021 Employee Stock Awards
On March 1, 2021, the Board approved an incentive program for eligible employees to participate in the Company’s new Employee Performance Based Restricted Stock Awards Plan (the “PBRS Award Plan”). This plan is being offered pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. The Company incurred de minimis share-based compensation expense related to the 2022 awards during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The Company incurred de minimis and $0.1 million share-based compensation expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
2022 Employee Stock Awards
On March 1, 2022, the Board approved the issuance of restricted stock awards for eligible employees in accordance with the PBRS Award Plan. The Company incurred $0.1 million and $0.2 million compensation expense related to these awards during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
A summary of share-based awards activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is as follows:
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Nonvested, December 31, 2021 | 28 | $ | 23.21 | ||||||||
| Granted | 171 | $ | 22.47 | ||||||||
| Vested | (153) | $ | 22.17 | ||||||||
| Forfeited | (3) | $ | 23.28 | ||||||||
| Nonvested, September 30, 2022 | 43 | $ | 23.96 | ||||||||
Stock Options
A summary of stock options activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is as follows:
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | (in years) | (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Options outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 500 | $ | 7.49 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Options outstanding, September 30, 2022 | 500 | $ | 7.49 | 2.08 | $ | 6,945 | |||||||||||||||||
| Options exercisable, September 30, 2022 | 500 | $ | 7.49 | 2.08 | $ | 6,945 | |||||||||||||||||
Share-Based Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense was $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Recognized tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was de minimis for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
13
Share-based compensation expense was $3.3 million and $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Recognized tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was $0.7 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
As of September 30, 2022, the estimated total remaining unamortized share-based compensation expense related to unvested RSAs, net of forfeitures, was $0.7 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.9 years.
8. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following reflects the disaggregation of revenue by primary geographic market, type of customer, product type, and timing of revenue recognition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units revenue | Land and lots revenue | Residential units revenue | Land and lots revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Geographical Market | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central | $ | 259,033 | $ | 3,950 | $ | 244,603 | $ | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 137,716 | 7,245 | 94,297 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 396,749 | $ | 11,195 | $ | 338,900 | $ | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||
| Type of Customer | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuyers | $ | 396,749 | $ | — | $ | 338,900 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Homebuilders and Multi-family Developers | — | 11,195 | — | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 396,749 | $ | 11,195 | $ | 338,900 | $ | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||
| Product Type | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units | $ | 396,749 | $ | — | $ | 338,900 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Land and lots | — | 11,195 | — | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 396,749 | $ | 11,195 | $ | 338,900 | $ | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||
| Timing of Revenue Recognition | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transferred at a point in time | $ | 394,731 | $ | 11,195 | $ | 338,075 | $ | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||
| Transferred over time | 2,018 | — | 825 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 396,749 | $ | 11,195 | $ | 338,900 | $ | 3,440 | |||||||||||||||
14
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units revenue | Land and lots revenue | Residential units revenue | Land and lots revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Geographical Market | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central | $ | 885,611 | $ | 45,416 | $ | 635,573 | $ | 34,413 | |||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 388,314 | 7,363 | 254,063 | 26,576 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 1,273,925 | $ | 52,779 | $ | 889,636 | $ | 60,989 | |||||||||||||||
| Type of Customer | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuyers | $ | 1,273,925 | $ | — | $ | 889,636 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Homebuilders and Multi-family Developers | — | 52,779 | — | 60,989 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 1,273,925 | $ | 52,779 | $ | 889,636 | $ | 60,989 | |||||||||||||||
| Product Type | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units | $ | 1,273,925 | $ | — | $ | 889,636 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Land and lots | — | 52,779 | — | 60,989 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 1,273,925 | $ | 52,779 | $ | 889,636 | $ | 60,989 | |||||||||||||||
| Timing of Revenue Recognition | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transferred at a point in time | $ | 1,268,329 | $ | 52,779 | $ | 886,488 | $ | 60,989 | |||||||||||||||
| Transferred over time | 5,596 | — | 3,148 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 1,273,925 | $ | 52,779 | $ | 889,636 | $ | 60,989 | |||||||||||||||
Revenue recognized over time represents revenue from mechanic’s lien contracts.
Contract Balances
Opening and closing contract balances included in customer and builder deposits on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Customer and builder deposits | $ | 43,622 | $ | 64,610 | |||||||
The difference between the opening and closing balances of customer and builder deposits results from the timing difference between the customers’ payments of deposits and the Company’s performance, impacted slightly by terminations of contracts.
The amount of deposits on residential units and land and lots held as of the beginning of the period and recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Type of Customer | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuyers | $ | 22,798 | $ | 14,839 | $ | 51,753 | $ | 24,120 | |||||||||||||||
| Homebuilders and Multi-Family Developers | 428 | 815 | 620 | 1,982 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits recognized as revenue | $ | 23,226 | $ | 15,654 | $ | 52,373 | $ | 26,102 | |||||||||||||||
15
Performance Obligations
There was no revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations on our land sale and lot option contracts is $8.1 million. The Company will recognize the remaining revenue when the lots are taken down, or upon closing for the sale of a land parcel, which is expected to occur as follows (in thousands):
| Total | |||||
| Remainder of 2022 | $ | 1,356 | |||
| 2023 | 6,704 | ||||
| 2024 | — | ||||
| Total | $ | 8,060 | |||
The timing of lot takedowns is contingent upon a number of factors, including customer needs, the number of lots being purchased, receipt of acceptance of the plat by the municipality, weather-related delays, and agreed-upon lot takedown schedules.
Our contracts with homebuyers have a duration of less than one year. As such, the Company uses the practical expedient as allowed under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and therefore has not disclosed the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations as of the end of the reporting period.
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9. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Financial information relating to the Company’s reportable segments is as follows. Operational results of each reportable segment are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had the reportable segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Builder operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central | $ | 259,033 | $ | 244,747 | $ | 885,611 | $ | 637,448 | |||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 144,961 | 94,298 | 395,677 | 280,640 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total builder operations | 403,994 | 339,045 | 1,281,288 | 918,088 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Land development | 3,950 | 3,295 | 45,416 | 32,537 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 407,944 | $ | 342,340 | $ | 1,326,704 | $ | 950,625 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Builder operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central | $ | 94,122 | $ | 72,071 | $ | 311,694 | $ | 184,104 | |||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 47,493 | 25,580 | 116,543 | 78,922 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total builder operations | 141,615 | 97,651 | 428,237 | 263,026 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Land development | 1,610 | 812 | 12,852 | 8,116 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate, other and unallocated (2) | (9,906) | (7,127) | (30,518) | (19,841) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross profit | $ | 133,319 | $ | 91,336 | $ | 410,571 | $ | 251,301 | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Builder operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central | $ | 67,698 | $ | 47,753 | $ | 230,174 | $ | 116,971 | |||||||||||||||
| Southeast | 34,042 | 15,360 | 79,720 | 49,769 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total builder operations | 101,740 | 63,113 | 309,894 | 166,740 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Land development | 915 | 608 | 12,125 | 7,737 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate, other and unallocated (3) | (5,059) | 1,437 | (3,508) | (80) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | $ | 97,596 | $ | 65,158 | $ | 318,511 | $ | 174,397 | |||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Inventory: | |||||||||||
| Builder operations | |||||||||||
| Central | $ | 569,696 | $ | 460,796 | |||||||
| Southeast | 304,853 | 258,759 | |||||||||
| Total builder operations | 874,549 | 719,555 | |||||||||
| Land development | 538,120 | 449,654 | |||||||||
Corporate, other and unallocated (4) | 40,387 | 34,534 | |||||||||
| Total inventory | $ | 1,453,056 | $ | 1,203,743 | |||||||
Goodwill: | |||||||||||
| Builder operations - Southeast | $ | 680 | $ | 680 | |||||||
(1)The sum of Builder operations Central and Southeast segments’ revenues does not equal residential units revenue included in the condensed consolidated statements of income in periods when our builders have revenues from land or
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lot closings, which for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $7.2 million and $7.4 million, respectively, compared to $0.1 million and $28.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
(2)Corporate, other and unallocated gross loss is comprised of capitalized overhead and capitalized interest adjustments that are not allocated to builder operations and land development segments.
(3)Corporate, other and unallocated income (loss) before income taxes includes results from Green Brick Title, LLC, Ventana Insurance, LLC, and investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries, in addition to capitalized cost adjustments that are not allocated to operating segments.
(4)Corporate, other and unallocated inventory consists of capitalized overhead and interest related to work in process and land under development.
10. INCOME TAXES
The Company’s income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $17.0 million and $65.7 million, respectively, compared to $13.9 million and $37.1 million in the prior year periods. The effective tax rate was 17.4% and 20.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to 21.3% in the comparable prior year periods. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 relates primarily to the benefit from the 45L Energy Efficient Home Credit enacted by Congress in August 2022 as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“the 2022 Act”). The 2022 Act extends and modifies the new energy efficient home credit that Congress had enacted through the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Acts of 2019 and 2020. This tax credit had expired at the end of 2021, but the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 revives and extends it through 2032.
11. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company’s RSAs have the right to receive forfeitable dividends on an equal basis with common stock and therefore are not considered participating securities that must be included in the calculation of net income per share using the two-class method.
Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income allocated to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period, adjusted for non-vested shares of restricted stock awards during each period. Net income applicable to common stockholders is net income adjusted for preferred stock dividends including dividends declared and cumulative dividends related to the current dividend period that have not been declared as of period end. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury stock method and includes the effect of all dilutive securities, including stock options and restricted stock awards.
The computation of basic and diluted net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. | $ | 73,520 | $ | 48,507 | $ | 236,353 | $ | 126,739 | |||||||||||||||
| Preferred dividends | (719) | — | (2,156) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income applicable to common stockholders | 72,801 | 48,507 | 234,197 | 126,739 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic | 46,032 | 50,732 | 48,205 | 50,689 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Basic net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per common share | $ | 1.58 | $ | 0.96 | $ | 4.86 | $ | 2.50 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic | 46,032 | 50,732 | 48,205 | 50,689 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock awards | 358 | 347 | 339 | 357 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted | 46,390 | 51,079 | 48,544 | 51,046 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per common share | $ | 1.57 | $ | 0.95 | $ | 4.82 | $ | 2.48 | |||||||||||||||
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The following shares which could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future are not included in the determination of diluted net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per common share (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Antidilutive options to purchase common stock and restricted stock awards | — | — | (17) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments, none of which are held for trading purposes, include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, earnest money deposits, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, customer and builder deposits, borrowings on lines of credit, senior unsecured notes, and notes payable.
Per the fair value hierarchy, level 1 financial instruments include: cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, earnest money deposits, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and customer and builder deposits due to their short-term nature. The Company estimates that, due to the short-term nature of the underlying financial instruments or the proximity of the underlying transaction to the applicable reporting date, the fair value of level 1 financial instruments does not differ materially from the aggregate carrying values recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Level 2 financial instruments include borrowings on lines of credit and senior unsecured notes. Due to the short-term nature and floating interest rate terms, the carrying amounts of borrowings on lines of credit are deemed to approximate fair value. The estimated fair value of the senior unsecured notes was $297.7 million and $352.3 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The carrying value of senior unsecured notes was $335.7 million and $335.4 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy for any of our financial instruments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company had the following related party transactions in the normal course of business.
Corporate Officers
Trevor Brickman, the son of Green Brick’s Chief Executive Officer, is the President of CLH20, LLC (“Centre Living”). Green Brick’s ownership interest in Centre Living is 90% and Trevor Brickman’s ownership interest is 10%. Green Brick has 90% voting control over the operations of Centre Living. As such, 100% of Centre Living’s operations are included within our condensed consolidated financial statements.
GRBK GHO
GRBK GHO leases office space from entities affiliated with the president of GRBK GHO. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, GRBK GHO incurred de minimis and $0.1 million rent expense, respectively, under such lease agreements. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no amounts due to the affiliated entities related to such lease agreements.
GRBK GHO receives title closing services on the purchase of land and third-party lots from an entity affiliated with the president of GRBK GHO. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, GRBK GHO incurred de minimis fees related to such title closing services. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, no amounts were due to the title company affiliate.
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14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Letters of Credit and Performance Bonds
During the ordinary course of business, certain regulatory agencies and municipalities require the Company to post letters of credit or performance bonds related to development projects. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, letters of credit and performance bonds outstanding were $6.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The Company does not believe that it is likely that any material claims will be made under a letter of credit or performance bond in the foreseeable future.
Warranties
Warranty accruals are included within accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Warranty activity during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Warranty accrual, beginning of period | $ | 12,065 | $ | 7,902 | $ | 9,378 | $ | 6,407 | |||||||||||||||
| Warranties issued | 1,923 | 1,962 | 6,134 | 4,724 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in liability for existing warranties | 2,079 | (44) | 2,495 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | (1,161) | (769) | (3,101) | (2,098) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Warranty accrual, end of period | $ | 14,906 | $ | 9,051 | $ | 14,906 | $ | 9,051 | |||||||||||||||
Operating Leases
The Company has leases associated with office and design center space in Georgia, Texas, and Florida that, at the commencement date, have a lease term of more than 12 months and are classified as operating leases. The exercise of any extension options available in such operating lease contracts is not reasonably certain.
Operating lease cost of $0.4 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.4 million and $1.0 million in the prior year periods, is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.9 million in the prior year periods.
As of September 30, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate used in calculating our lease liabilities were 4.4 years and 4.1%, respectively.
The future annual undiscounted cash flows in relation to the operating leases and a reconciliation of such undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 are presented below (in thousands):
| Remainder of 2022 | $ | 431 | |||
| 2023 | 1,459 | ||||
| 2024 | 590 | ||||
| 2025 | 566 | ||||
| 2026 | 504 | ||||
| Thereafter | 865 | ||||
| Total future lease payments | 4,415 | ||||
| Less: Interest | 443 | ||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 3,972 | |||
The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that, at the commencement date, have a lease term of 12 months or less and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. For such leases, the Company does not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities and instead recognizes lease payments in the condensed consolidated income statements on a straight-line basis. Short-term lease cost of $0.5 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.5
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million for the comparable prior year periods, is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
Legal Matters
Lawsuits, claims and proceedings may be instituted or asserted against us in the normal course of business. The Company is also subject to local, state and federal laws and regulations related to land development activities, house construction standards, sales practices, title company regulations, employment practices and environmental protection. As a result, the Company may be subject to periodic examinations or inquiry by agencies administering these laws and regulations.
The Company records an accrual for legal claims and regulatory matters when they are probable of occurring and a potential loss is reasonably estimable. The Company accrues for these matters based on facts and circumstances specific to each matter and revises these estimates when necessary.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting outcomes of legal claims and related contingencies, the Company generally cannot predict their ultimate resolution, related timing or eventual loss. If evaluations indicate loss contingencies that could be material are not probable, but are reasonably possible, the Company will disclose their nature with an estimate of the possible range of losses or a statement that such loss is not reasonably estimable. We believe that the disposition of legal claims and related contingencies will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity or on our financial condition.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements concern expectations, beliefs, projections, plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts and typically include the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “consider,” “estimate,” “expect,” “feel,” “forecast,” “intend,” “objective,” “plan,” “predict,” “projection,” “seek,” “strategy,” “target,” “will” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report include statements concerning (1) our balance sheet strategies, operational strength and margin performance; (2) our operational goals and strategies and their anticipated benefits; (3) our expectations that we will continue to experience increases in cost and decreased availability of skilled labor as well as increases, shortages, and significant extensions to our lead time for the delivery of key materials and inputs and the financial impact of such factors on our future financial and operational results; (4) expectations regarding our industry and our business, including management’s beliefs related to industry cancellation rates; (5) our beliefs regarding the advantages of the markets we operate in; (6) our land and lot acquisition strategy and its impact on our results; (7) the sufficiency of our capital resources to support our business strategy and to service our debt; (8) the impact of new accounting standards and changes in accounting estimates; (9) expectations about backlog and cancellation rates on future financial results; (10) our strategy to utilize leverage to invest in our business; (11) our expectations regarding future cash needs and access to additional growth capital; and (12) beliefs regarding the impact of legal claims and related contingencies. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events and involve estimates and assumptions which may be affected by risks and uncertainties in our business, as well as other external factors, which could cause future results to materially differ from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement. These risks include, but are not limited to: (1) changes in macroeconomic conditions, including increasing interest rates and inflation that could adversely impact demand for new homes or the ability of potential buyers to qualify; (2) general economic conditions, seasonality, cyclicality and competition in the homebuilding industry; (3) shortages, delays or increased costs of raw materials and increased demand for materials, or increases in other operating costs, including costs related to labor, real estate taxes and insurance, which in each case exceed our ability to increase prices; (4) a shortage of qualified labor; (5) an inability to acquire land in our current and new markets at anticipated prices or difficulty in obtaining land-use entitlements; (6) our inability to successfully execute our strategies, including an inability to grow our operations, expand our Trophy brand, and launch our Austin, TX operations; (7) our inability to implement new strategic investments; (8) a failure to recruit, retain or develop highly skilled and competent employees; (9) government regulation risks; (10) a lack of availability or volatility of mortgage financing; (11) severe weather events or natural disasters; (12) difficulty in obtaining sufficient capital to fund our growth; (13) our ability to meet our debt service obligations; (14) a decline in the value of our inventories and resulting write-downs of the carrying value of our real estate assets; and (15) changes in accounting standards that adversely affect our reported earnings or financial condition.
Please see “Risk Factors” located in Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for a further discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties which could affect our future results. We undertake no obligation to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of those statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, except to the extent we are legally required to disclose certain matters in SEC filings or otherwise.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 1, 2022. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview and Outlook
Our key financial and operating metrics are home deliveries, home closings revenue, average sales price of homes delivered, and net new home orders, which refers to sales contracts executed reduced by the number of sales contracts canceled during the relevant period. Our results for each key financial and operating metric, as compared to the same period in 2021, are provided below:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Home deliveries | Decreased by 11.9% | Increased by 8.9% | ||||||||||||
| Home closings revenue | Increased by 16.8% | Increased by 43.1% | ||||||||||||
| Average sales price of homes delivered | Increased by 32.6% | Increased by 31.4% | ||||||||||||
| Net new home orders | Decreased by 41.4% | Decreased by 34.7% | ||||||||||||
The expansion of our revenues year over year is primarily attributable to the strong performance of our Trophy division, strong growth in the average selling price of homes, the impact of macroeconomic factors, and an influx of millennial first-time home buyers. The significant increase in new home construction in our markets has, in turn, led to increased demand for labor and the raw materials, products and appliances for new homes. Due to the increased demand, we have experienced increases in cost and decreased availability of skilled labor as well as increases, shortages, and significant extensions to our lead time for the delivery of key materials and inputs. Additionally, the recent rapid rise in interest rates as well as the inflationary impact on buying power has impacted the ability of some buyers to qualify for mortgages in spite of unsatisfied demand for homes and the continued undersupply of existing and new home inventory.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Residential Units Revenue and New Homes Delivered
The table below represents residential units revenue and new homes delivered for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home closings revenue | $ | 394,731 | $ | 338,075 | $ | 56,656 | 16.8% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanic’s lien contracts revenue | 2,018 | 825 | 1,193 | 144.6% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units revenue | $ | 396,749 | $ | 338,900 | $ | 57,849 | 17.1% | |||||||||||||||||||
| New homes delivered | 650 | 738 | (88) | (11.9)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average sales price of homes delivered | $ | 607.3 | $ | 458.1 | $ | 149.2 | 32.6% | |||||||||||||||||||
The $57.8 million increase in residential units revenue was primarily driven by the 32.6% increase in the average sales price of homes delivered for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in new homes delivered was primarily due to a lower starts pace in prior quarters and a smaller backlog entering the quarter because of weakened demand. The 32.6% increase in the average sales price of homes delivered for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was attributable to overall price increases driven by high demand and low supply of inventory.
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New Home Orders and Backlog
The table below represents new home orders and backlog related to our builder operations segments, excluding mechanic’s lien contracts (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net new home orders | 404 | 689 | (285) | (41.4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from new net home orders | $ | 251,276 | $ | 380,945 | $ | (129,669) | (34.0) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Average selling price of net new home orders | $ | 622.0 | $ | 552.9 | $ | 69.1 | 12.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cancellation rate | 17.6 | % | 6.9 | % | 10.7 | % | 155.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Absorption rate per average active selling community per quarter | 5.3 | 8.2 | (2.9) | (35.4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average active selling communities | 76 | 84 | (8) | (9.5) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Active selling communities at end of period | 74 | 80 | (6) | (7.5) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Backlog | $ | 564,026 | $ | 1,017,220 | $ | (453,194) | (44.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Backlog (units) | 841 | 1,827 | (986) | (54.0) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average sales price of backlog | $ | 670.7 | $ | 556.8 | $ | 113.9 | 20.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Net new home orders decreased 41.4% over the prior year period while our absorption rate per average active selling communities decreased 35.4% year over year. The lower levels of buyer traffic to many of our communities reduced the level of new home orders; we believe that the traffic decline during the quarter was attributable to the recent rapid rise in interest rates as buyers sought to reevaluate their buying capacity as well as to inflationary impacts on consumer buying power. Despite the lower sales pace, our decline in new order revenues was smaller than the decline in orders at 34.0% as our average sales price on new orders rose by 12.5%.
Backlog refers to homes under sales contracts that have not yet closed at the end of the relevant period, and absorption rate refers to the rate at which net new home orders are contracted per average active selling community during the relevant period. Upon a cancellation, the escrow deposit may be returned to the prospective purchaser. Accordingly, backlog may not be indicative of our future revenue.
Backlog declined by 44.6% for the quarter with a 54.0% drop in backlog units, offset by a 20.5% increase in the average sales price of backlog units. The drop in backlog units is a function of the lower levels of new home orders described above as well as an increase in our cancellation rate. The increase in average sales price was attributable to overall price increases driven by high demand and low supply of inventory.
As a further result of the lower level of sales, increase of units closed, and decrease in backlog units, the level of our spec units under construction rose from 30.8% of total units under construction in the third quarter of 2021 to 65.1% of total units as of the end of September 30, 2022.
Our cancellation rate, which refers to sales contracts canceled divided by sales contracts executed during the relevant period, was 17.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 6.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 11.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Our cancellation rate increase was driven by rapidly rising interest rates as well as customer concerns with the macroeconomic environment. Sales contracts relating to homes in backlog may be canceled by the prospective purchaser for a number of reasons, such as the prospective purchaser’s inability to obtain suitable mortgage financing. Upon a cancellation, the escrow deposit may be returned to the prospective purchaser.
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Residential Units Gross Margin
The table below represents the components of residential units gross margin (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home closings revenue | $ | 394,731 | 100.0 | % | $ | 338,075 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of homebuilding units | 266,870 | 67.6 | % | 247,200 | 73.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuilding gross margin | $ | 127,861 | 32.4 | % | $ | 90,875 | 26.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanic’s lien contracts revenue | $ | 2,018 | 100.0 | % | $ | 825 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of mechanic’s lien contracts | 1,666 | 82.6 | % | 699 | 84.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanic’s lien contracts gross margin | $ | 352 | 17.4 | % | $ | 126 | 15.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units revenue | $ | 396,749 | 100.0 | % | $ | 338,900 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of residential units | 268,536 | 67.7 | % | 247,899 | 73.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units gross margin | $ | 128,213 | 32.3 | % | $ | 91,001 | 26.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Cost of residential units for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $20.6 million, or 8.3%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to increasing levels of cost input prices, and more expensive homes delivered in the quarter.
Residential units gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased to 32.3%, compared to 26.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to overall price increases that outpaced the levels of cost input price increases.
Land and Lots Revenue
The table below represents lots closed and land and lots revenue (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lots revenue | $ | 3,991 | $ | 2,126 | $ | 1,865 | 87.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Land revenue | 7,204 | 1,314 | 5,890 | 448.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Land and lots revenue | $ | 11,195 | $ | 3,440 | $ | 7,755 | 225.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lots closed | 57 | 31 | 26 | 83.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average sales price of lots closed | $ | 70.0 | $ | 68.6 | $ | 1.4 | 2.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Lots revenue increased by 87.7%, primarily driven by a 83.9% increase in the number of lots closed. Land revenue increased by $5.9 million or 448.2% due to the sale of a large tract of land during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
The table below represents the components of selling, general and administrative expenses (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | As Percentage of Segment Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Builder operations | $ | 40,890 | $ | 34,928 | 10.1 | % | 10.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Land development | 163 | 128 | 4.1 | % | 3.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate, other and unallocated (income) expense | 2,198 | (1,347) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 43,251 | $ | 33,709 | 10.6 | % | 9.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased by 0.8% due to an increase in unallocated corporate expenses.
Builder Operations
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for builder operations decreased by 0.2% due to an increase in builder operations revenues without a corresponding increase in the level of overhead costs. Builder operations expenditures include salary expenses, sales commissions, and community costs such as advertising and marketing expenses, rent, professional fees, and non-capitalized property taxes.
Land Development
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for land development increased by 0.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.
Corporate, Other and Unallocated
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the corporate, other and unallocated non-operating segment for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $2.2 million, compared to income of $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The change was driven primarily by a decrease in capitalized overhead adjustments that are not allocated to builder operations and land development segments.
Equity in Income of Unconsolidated Entities
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities increased to $5.7 million, or 2.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $5.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. See Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a summary of Green Brick’s share in net earnings by unconsolidated entity.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net, was $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $17.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to a $13.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher taxable income. See Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financials statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of the effective tax rate for the quarter.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Residential Units Revenue and New Homes Delivered
The table below represents residential units revenue and new homes delivered for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home closings revenue | $ | 1,268,329 | $ | 886,488 | $ | 381,841 | 43.1% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanic’s lien contracts revenue | 5,596 | 3,148 | 2,448 | 77.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units revenue | $ | 1,273,925 | $ | 889,636 | $ | 384,289 | 43.2% | |||||||||||||||||||
| New homes delivered | 2,189 | 2,011 | 178 | 8.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average sales price of homes delivered | $ | 579.4 | $ | 440.8 | $ | 138.6 | 31.4% | |||||||||||||||||||
The $384.3 million increase in residential units revenue was driven by the 31.4% increase in the average sales price of homes delivered and 8.9% increase in new homes delivered. The 31.4% increase in the average sales price of homes delivered for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was attributable to overall price increases driven by high demand and low supply of inventory.
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New Home Orders
The table below represents new home orders and backlog related to our builder operations segments, excluding mechanic’s lien contracts (dollars in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net new home orders | 1,550 | 2,375 | (825) | (34.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from new net home orders | $ | 962,497 | $ | 1,216,845 | $ | (254,348) | (20.9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Average selling price of net new home orders | $ | 621.0 | $ | 512.4 | $ | 108.6 | 21.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cancellation rate | 11.8 | % | 6.7 | % | 5.1 | % | 76.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Absorption rate per average active selling community per quarter | 6.8 | 8.8 | (2.0) | (22.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average active selling communities | 76 | 90 | (14) | (15.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Active selling communities at end of period | 74 | 80 | (6) | (7.5) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net new home orders decreased 34.7% over the prior year period and our absorption rate decreased 22.7% year over year. The lower levels of buyer traffic to many of our communities reduced the level of new home orders; we believe that the traffic decline starting in the middle of the second quarter was attributable to the recent rapid rise in interest rates as buyers sought to reevaluate their buying capacity as well as to inflationary impacts on consumer buying power. Despite the lower sales pace, our decline in new order revenues was smaller than the decline in orders at 20.9% as our average sales price on new orders rose by 21.2%.
Our cancellation rate, which refers to sales contracts canceled divided by sales contracts executed during the relevant period, was 11.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 6.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Our cancellation rate increase was driven by rapidly rising interest rates as well as customer concerns with the macroeconomic environment. Sales contracts relating to homes in backlog may be canceled by the prospective purchaser for a number of reasons, such as the prospective purchaser’s inability to obtain suitable mortgage financing. Upon a cancellation, the escrow deposit may be returned to the prospective purchaser.
Residential Units Gross Margin
The table below represents the components of residential units gross margin (dollars in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home closings revenue | $ | 1,268,329 | 100.0 | % | $ | 886,488 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of homebuilding units | 874,389 | 68.9 | % | 651,654 | 73.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Homebuilding gross margin | $ | 393,940 | 31.1 | % | $ | 234,834 | 26.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanic’s lien contracts revenue | $ | 5,596 | 100.0 | % | $ | 3,148 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of mechanic’s lien contracts | 4,719 | 84.3 | % | 2,482 | 78.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanic’s lien contracts gross margin | $ | 877 | 15.7 | % | $ | 666 | 21.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units revenue | $ | 1,273,925 | 100.0 | % | $ | 889,636 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of residential units | 879,108 | 69.0 | % | 654,136 | 73.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential units gross margin | $ | 394,817 | 31.0 | % | $ | 235,500 | 26.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Cost of residential units for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $225.0 million, or 34.4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the 8.9% increase in the number of new homes delivered, increasing levels of cost input prices, and more expensive homes delivered in the period.
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Residential units gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased to 31.0%, compared to 26.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to overall price increases that outpaced the levels of cost input price increases.
Land and Lots Revenue
The table below represents lots closed and land and lots revenue (dollars in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lots revenue | $ | 18,027 | $ | 15,184 | $ | 2,843 | 18.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Land revenue | 34,752 | $ | 45,805 | (11,053) | (24.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Land and lots revenue | $ | 52,779 | $ | 60,989 | $ | (8,210) | (13.5) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lots closed | 274 | 173 | 101 | 58.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average sales price of lots closed | $ | 65.8 | $ | 87.8 | $ | (22.0) | (25.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Lots revenue increased by 18.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by a 58.4% increase in the number of lots closed partially offset by a 25.1% decrease in the average lot price due to a higher number of entry level lots sold. Land revenue represents sales of tracts of land during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021. Such sales are opportunistic but are not generally in the ordinary course of business.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
The table below represents the components of selling, general and administrative expenses (dollars in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | As Percentage of Segment Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Builder operations | $ | 121,510 | $ | 97,616 | 9.5 | % | 10.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Land development | 405 | 373 | 0.9 | % | 1.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate, other and unallocated (income) expense | (2,601) | (807) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 119,314 | $ | 97,182 | 9.0 | % | 10.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
The 1.2% decrease of total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily driven by the leverage of higher revenues without a corresponding increase in the level of overhead costs.
Builder Operations
The 1.1% decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for builder operations from 10.6% to 9.5% was primarily attributable to an increase in builder operations revenues without a corresponding increase in the level of overhead costs. Builder operations expenditures include salary expenses, sales commissions, and community costs such as advertising and marketing expenses, rent, professional fees, and non-capitalized property taxes.
Land Development
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for land development decreased by 0.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Corporate, Other and Unallocated
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the corporate, other and unallocated non-operating segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was income of $2.6 million, compared to $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The change was driven primarily by an increase in capitalized overhead adjustments that are not allocated to builder operations and land development segments.
Equity in Income of Unconsolidated Entities
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities increased to $19.9 million, or 41.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $14.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. See Note 3 to our condensed consolidated
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financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a summary of Green Brick’s share in net earnings by unconsolidated entity.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net, increased to $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The change is primarily due to an increase in title closing and settlement services of $1.1 million arising from higher volume of closings during the period.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $65.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $37.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher taxable income.
Lots Owned and Controlled
The following table presents the lots we owned or controlled, including lot option contracts, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Owned lots are those for which we hold title, while controlled lots are those for which we have the contractual right to acquire title but we do not currently own.
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
Lots owned (1) | |||||||||||
| Central | 18,998 | 17,767 | |||||||||
| Southeast | 2,583 | 2,472 | |||||||||
| Total lots owned | 21,581 | 20,239 | |||||||||
Lots controlled (1) | |||||||||||
| Central | 3,691 | 7,321 | |||||||||
| Southeast | 618 | 1,061 | |||||||||
| Total lots controlled | 4,309 | 8,382 | |||||||||
Total lots owned and controlled (1) | 25,890 | 28,621 | |||||||||
| Percentage of lots owned | 83.4 | % | 70.7 | % | |||||||
(1) Total lots excludes lots with homes under construction.
The following table presents additional information on the lots we controlled as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Lots under third party option contracts | 2,284 | 2,740 | |||||||||
| Land under option for future acquisition and development | 307 | 3,826 | |||||||||
| Lots under option through unconsolidated development joint ventures | 1,718 | 1,816 | |||||||||
| Total lots controlled | 4,309 | 8,382 | |||||||||
The following table presents additional information on the lots we owned as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Total lots owned | 21,581 | 20,239 | |||||||||
| Land under option for future acquisition and development | 307 | 3,826 | |||||||||
| Lots under option through unconsolidated development joint ventures | 1,718 | 1,816 | |||||||||
| Total lots self-developed | 23,606 | 25,881 | |||||||||
| Self-developed lots as a percentage of total lots owned and controlled | 91.2 | % | 90.4 | % | |||||||
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Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $48.2 million and $77.2 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, respectively. Our historical cash management strategy includes redeploying net cash from the sale of home inventory to acquire and develop land and lots that represent opportunities to generate desired margins and using cash to make additional investments in business acquisitions, joint ventures, or other strategic activities.
Our principal uses of capital for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were home construction, land purchases, land development, repayments of lines of credit, operating expenses, payment of routine liabilities and stock repurchases. We used funds generated by operations and available borrowings to meet our short-term working capital requirements. We remain focused on generating positive margins in our builder operations segments and acquiring desirable land positions in order to maintain a strong balance sheet and remain poised for continued growth.
Cash flows for each of our communities depend on the community’s stage in the development cycle and can differ substantially from reported earnings. Early stages of development or expansion require significant cash outlays for land acquisitions, entitlements and other approvals, roads, utilities, general landscaping and other amenities. These costs are a component of our inventory and are not recognized in our statement of income until a home closes. In the later stages of community life cycle, cash inflows may significantly exceed earnings reported for financial statement purposes, as the cash outflows associated with home construction and land development previously occurred.
Our debt to total capitalization ratio, which is calculated as the sum of borrowings on lines of credit, the senior unsecured notes, and notes payable, net of debt issuance costs divided by the total capitalization, which equals the sum of Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity and total debt, was approximately 28.0% as of September 30, 2022. In addition, as of September 30, 2022, our net debt to total capitalization ratio, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, remained low at 25.5%. It is our intent to prudently employ leverage to continue to invest in our land acquisition, development and homebuilding businesses. We target a debt to total capitalization ratio of approximately 30% to 35%, which we expect will provide us with significant additional growth capital.
Reconciliation of a Non-GAAP Financial Measure
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we utilize a financial measure of net debt to total capitalization ratio that is a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Net debt to total capitalization is calculated as the total debt less cash and cash equivalents, divided by the sum of total Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity and total debt less cash and cash equivalents. We present this measure because we believe it is useful to management and investors in evaluating the Company’s financing structure. We also believe this measure facilitates the comparison of our financing structure with other companies in our industry. Because this measure is not calculated in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), it may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The closest GAAP financial measure to the net debt to total capitalization ratio is the debt to total capitalization ratio. The following table represents a reconciliation of the net debt to total capitalization ratio to the closest GAAP financial measure as of September 30, 2022:
| Gross | Cash and cash equivalents | Net | |||||||||||||||
| Total debt, net of debt issuance costs | $ | 393,269 | $ | (48,203) | $ | 345,066 | |||||||||||
| Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity | 1,009,240 | — | 1,009,240 | ||||||||||||||
| Total capitalization | $ | 1,402,509 | $ | (48,203) | $ | 1,354,306 | |||||||||||
| Debt to total capitalization ratio | 28.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net debt to total capitalization ratio | 25.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
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Key Sources of Liquidity
The Company’s key sources of liquidity were funds generated by operations and borrowings during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Debt Instruments
Secured Revolving Credit Facility – As of September 30, 2022, we had no amounts outstanding under our Secured Revolving Credit facility, down from $2.0 million as of December 31, 2021. Borrowings on the Secured Revolving Credit Facility have a maturity date of May 1, 2025 and bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to the rate announced by Bank of America, N.A. as its “Prime Rate” less 0.25%, subject to a minimum rate.
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility – As of September 30, 2022, our $300.0 million Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility had a $45.0 million outstanding balance, an increase from no outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2021. The borrowings on the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a floating rate equal to either (a) for base rate advances, the highest of (1) the lender’s base rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.5% and (3) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, in each case plus 1.5%; or (b) in the case of Eurodollar rate advances, the reserve adjusted LIBOR plus 2.5%. As of September 30, 2022, the interest rates on outstanding borrowings under the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility ranged from 5.29% to 5.50% per annum during the three months ended September 30, 2022, an increase from the rate in the prior quarter of 3.76% to 4.01% per annum. As amended, the aggregate principal amount of the revolving credit commitments under the Credit Agreement is $300.0 million through December 14, 2024. In addition, the Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement, as amended, permits us, without the consent of the other lenders, to request that one or more lenders increase their revolving credit commitments to provide an aggregate of $325.0 million of revolving credit commitments subject to compliance with customary conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement including compliance, on a pro forma basis, with the financial covenants set forth therein.
Senior Unsecured Notes - As of September 30, 2022, we had four series of senior unsecured notes outstanding which were each issued pursuant to a note purchase agreement. The aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes outstanding was $337.5 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and $335.7 million as of September 30, 2022 up from $335.4 million as of December 31, 2021, respectively, net of issuance costs.
•In August 2019, we issued $75 million of senior unsecured notes (the “2026 Notes”). Interest accrues at an annual rate of 4.0% and is payable quarterly. Principal on the 2026 Notes is required to be paid in increments of $12.5 million on August 8, 2024 and $12.5 million on August 8, 2025 with a final principal payment of $50.0 million on August 8, 2026.
•In August 2020, we issued $37.5 million of senior unsecured notes (the “2027 Notes”). Interest accrues at an annual rate of 3.35% and is payable quarterly. Principal on the 2027 Notes is due on August 26, 2027.
•In February 2021, we issued $125 million of senior unsecured notes (the “2028 Notes”). Interest accrues at an annual rate of 3.25% and is payable quarterly. Principal on the 2028 Notes is due in increments of $25.0 million annually on February 25 in each of 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, and 2028.
•In December 2021, we issued $100.0 million of senior unsecured notes (the “2029 Notes”). Interest accrues at an annual rate of 3.25% and is payable quarterly. A required principal prepayment of $30.0 million is due on December 28, 2028. The remaining unpaid principal balance is due on December 28, 2029.
Optional prepayment is allowed with payment of a “make-whole” premium which fluctuates depending on market interest rates. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears.
Our debt instruments require us to maintain specific financial covenants, each of which we were in compliance with as of September 30, 2022. Specifically, under the most restrictive covenants, we are required to maintain (1) a minimum interest coverage (consolidated EBITDA to interest incurred) of no less than 2.0 to 1.0 and, as of September 30, 2022, our interest coverage on a last 12 months’ basis was 25.4 to 1.0, (2) a Consolidated Tangible Net Worth of no less than approximately $651.1 million and, as of September 30, 2022, we had $1,008.1 million and (3) maximum debt to total capitalization rolling average ratio of no more than 40.0% and, as of September 30, 2022, we had a rolling average ratio of 29.0%.
As of September 30, 2022, we believe that our cash on hand, capacity available under our lines of credit and cash flows from operations for the next twelve months will be sufficient to service our outstanding debt during the next twelve months. For additional information on our lines of credit and senior unsecured notes, refer to Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements located in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Preferred Equity
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 we had issued and outstanding 2,000,000 Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1000 of a share of our 5.75% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”). We will pay cumulative cash dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock, when and as declared by the Board, at the rate of 5.75% of the $25,000 liquidation preference per share. Dividends will be payable quarterly in arrears. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we paid dividends of $2.1 million on the Series A Preferred Stock. On October 27, 2022, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.359 per depositary share on the Series A Preferred Stock. The dividend is payable on December 15, 2022 to stockholders of record as of December 1, 2022.
Cash Flows
The following summarizes our primary sources and uses of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
•Operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $31.3 million, compared to $114.5 million cash used during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The net cash inflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily from cash generated from business operations of $248.3 million and the deferral of expense payments through a $38.2 million increase in accrued expenses, partially offset by an increase in inventory of $248.3 million.
•Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased to $4.9 million, compared to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
•Financing activities. Net cash used for financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $53.0 million, compared to $135.7 million cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The cash outflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily from our stock repurchases of $101.5 million, partially offset by our net borrowings from lines of credit of $43.0 million.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
Land and Lot Option Contracts
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into land purchase contracts with third-party developers in order to procure lots for the construction of our homes in the future. We are subject to customary obligations associated with such contracts. These purchase contracts typically require an earnest money deposit, and the purchase of properties under these contracts is generally contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements, including obtaining applicable property and development entitlements.
We also utilize option contracts with lot sellers as a method of acquiring lots in staged takedowns, which are the schedules that dictate when lots must be purchased to help manage the financial and market risk associated with land holdings, and to reduce the use of funds from our corporate financing sources. Lot option contracts generally require us to pay a non-refundable deposit for the right to acquire lots over a specified period of time at pre-determined prices which typically include escalations in lot prices over time.
Our utilization of lot option contracts is dependent on, among other things, the availability of land sellers willing to enter into these arrangements, the availability of capital to finance the development of optioned lots, general housing market conditions and local market dynamics. Options may be more difficult to procure from land sellers in strong housing markets and are more prevalent in certain geographic regions.
We generally have the right, at our discretion, to terminate our obligations under both purchase contracts and option contracts by forfeiting the earnest money deposit with no further financial responsibility to the land seller.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company had earnest money deposits of $25.9 million at risk associated with contracts to purchase 3,186 lots past feasibility studies with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $231.1 million.
Guarantee
Refer to Note 5 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for details of our guarantee in relation to EJB River Holdings, LLC joint venture.
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Seasonality
The homebuilding industry experiences seasonal fluctuations in quarterly operating results and capital requirements. We have historically experienced the highest new home order activity in spring and summer, although this activity is highly dependent on the number of active selling communities, timing of new community openings and other market factors. Since it typically takes five to nine months to construct a new home, we have typically delivered more homes in the second half of the year as spring and summer home orders are delivered. Because of this seasonality, home starts, construction costs and related cash outflows have historically been highest in the second and third quarters, and the majority of cash receipts from home deliveries occur during the second half of the year. We expect this seasonal pattern to continue over the long term, although it may be affected by current the macroeconomic environment, including the impact of rising interest rates on the homebuilding industry.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical accounting policies are described in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for recent accounting pronouncements.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer ( “CEO”) and principal financial officer (“CFO”), we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022 in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file, furnish, submit or otherwise provide to the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in reports filed by us under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, in such a manner as to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended September 30, 2022, there were no changes in our internal controls that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Purchases of equity securities by the issuer
The following table provides information about repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2022:
| Period | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 1 - July 31, 2022 | 432,346 | $ | 21.17 | 432,346 | $ | 48,683,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| August 1 - August 31, 2022 | — | — | — | 48,683,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 1 - September 30, 2022 | — | — | — | 48,683,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 432,346 | 21.17 | 432,346 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) On April 27, 2022, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase, from time to time, up to an additional $100.0 million of our outstanding common stock (the “2022 Repurchase Plan”). As of September 30, 2022, the remaining dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the 2022 Repurchase Plan was approximately $48.7 million. This plan has no expiration and will continue until otherwise modified or terminated by the Board at any time in its sole discretion. There were no other repurchase plans announced as of September 30, 2022.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
| Number | Description | |||||||
| 31.1* | ||||||||
| 31.2* | ||||||||
| 32.1* | ||||||||
| 32.2* | ||||||||
| 101.INS** | XBRL Instance Document. The Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |||||||
| 101.SCH** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |||||||
| 101.CAL** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.DEF** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.LAB** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.PRE** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 104** | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101). | |||||||
* Filed with this Form 10-Q.
** Submitted electronically herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC. | |||||
| /s/ James R. Brickman | |||||
| By: James R. Brickman | |||||
| Its: Chief Executive Officer | |||||
| /s/ Richard A. Costello | |||||
| By: Richard A. Costello | |||||
| Its: Chief Financial Officer | |||||
Date: November 2, 2022
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