Green Plains Partners LP - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_______________________

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2022

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission File Number 001-37469

GREEN PLAINS PARTNERS LP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			47-3822258
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1811 Aksarben Drive, Omaha, NE 68106			(402) 884-8700
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)			(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Units, Representing Limited Partner Interests

GPP

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer o			Accelerated Filer x
Non-Accelerated Filer ¨
Smaller Reporting Company o			Emerging Growth Company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

o Yes x No

The registrant had 23,246,822 common units outstanding as of October 28, 2022.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Commonly Used Defined Terms		3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Consolidated Statements of Operations	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	34
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	37
Item 5.	Other Information	37
Item 6.	Exhibits	37
Signatures.		38

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Commonly Used Defined Terms

The abbreviations, acronyms and industry terminology used in this quarterly report are defined as follows:


Green Plains Partners LP, Subsidiaries, and Partners:
Green Plains Operating Company			Green Plains Operating Company LLC
Green Plains Partners; the partnership			Green Plains Partners LP and its subsidiaries
NLR			NLR Energy Logistics LLC
Green Plains Inc. and Subsidiaries:
Green Plains; the parent or sponsor			Green Plains Inc. and its subsidiaries
Green Plains Holdings, the general partner			Green Plains Holdings LLC
Green Plains Trade			Green Plains Trade Group LLC
Other Defined Terms:
2021 annual report			The partnership’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed February 18, 2022
ARO			Asset retirement obligation
ASC			Accounting Standards Codification
Bgy			Billion gallons per year
BlackRock			Funds and accounts managed by BlackRock
Conflicts committee			The partnership’s committee responsible for reviewing situations involving certain transactions with affiliates or other potential conflicts of interest
COVID-19			Coronavirus Disease 2019
D.C.			District of Columbia
DOE			Department of Energy
E10			Gasoline blended with up to 10% ethanol by volume
E15			Gasoline blended with up to 15% ethanol by volume
E85			Gasoline blended with up to 85% ethanol by volume
EBITDA			Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
EIA			U.S. Energy Information Administration
EPA			U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Exchange Act			Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
FFV			Flexible-fuel vehicle
GAAP			U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
LIBOR			London Interbank Offered Rate
LTIP			Green Plains Partners LP 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan
MSCTM			Maximized Stillage Coproducts produced using process technology developed by Fluid Quip Technologies LLC
Mmg			Million gallons
MTBE			Methyl tertiary-butyl ether
Partnership agreement			First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Green Plains Partners LP, dated as of July 1, 2015, between Green Plains Holdings LLC and Green Plains Inc.
RFS			Renewable Fuels Standard
RIN			Renewable identification number
RVO			Renewable volume obligation
SEC			Securities and Exchange Commission
SRE			Small refinery exemption
USDA			U.S. Department of Agriculture

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

GREEN PLAINS PARTNERS LP

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except unit amounts)


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,742	$	17,645
Accounts receivable	426		432
Accounts receivable from affiliates	16,499		14,123
Prepaid expenses and other	1,219		845
Total current assets	33,886		33,045

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $35,145 and $35,215, respectively	26,579		28,773
Operating lease right-of-use assets	36,898		38,863
Goodwill	10,598		10,598
Investment in equity method investee	3,647		3,193
Other assets	316		—
Total assets	$	111,924	$	114,472

LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	4,356	$	4,232
Accounts payable to affiliates	397		722
Accrued and other liabilities	4,161		4,264
Asset retirement obligations	1,894		1,156
Operating lease current liabilities	12,007		12,108
Total current liabilities	22,815		22,482

Long-term debt	58,531		59,467
Asset retirement obligations	2,279		2,658
Operating lease long-term liabilities	26,431		27,562
Total liabilities	110,056		112,169

Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)

Partners' equity
Common unitholders - public (11,660,274 and 11,641,105 units issued and outstanding, respectively)	135,544		135,666
Common unitholders - Green Plains (11,586,548 units issued and outstanding)	(133,721)		(133,420)
General partner interests	45		57
Total partners' equity	1,868		2,303
Total liabilities and partners' equity	$	111,924	$	114,472

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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GREEN PLAINS PARTNERS LP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited and in thousands, except per unit amounts)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues
Affiliate	$	19,030	$	18,221	$	55,867	$	56,061
Non-affiliate	1,036		1,030		2,953		3,297
Total revenues	20,066		19,251		58,820		59,358
Operating expenses
Operations and maintenance (excluding depreciation and amortization reflected below)	6,287		5,161		18,012		17,153
General and administrative	949		892		3,059		3,152
Depreciation and amortization	1,194		1,089		2,915		2,771
Total operating expenses	8,430		7,142		23,986		23,076
Operating income	11,636		12,109		34,834		36,282
Interest expense	(1,516)		(2,781)		(4,139)		(6,120)
Income before income taxes and income from equity method investee	10,120		9,328		30,695		30,162
Income tax expense	(37)		(77)		(114)		(229)
Income from equity method investee	83		174		454		517
Net income	$	10,166	$	9,425	$	31,035	$	30,450

Net income attributable to partners' ownership interests:
General partner	$	204	$	188	$	621	$	609
Limited partners - common unitholders	9,962		9,237		30,414		29,841

Earnings per limited partner unit (basic and diluted):
Common units	$	0.43	$	0.40	$	1.31	$	1.29

Weighted average limited partner units outstanding (basic and diluted):
Common units	23,228		23,208		23,215		23,177

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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GREEN PLAINS PARTNERS LP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited and in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	31,035	$	30,450
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,915		2,771
Accretion	196		(206)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	95		1,267
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		1,009
Unit-based compensation	180		219
Income from equity method investee	(454)		(517)
Other	(372)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities before effects of asset dispositions:
Accounts receivable	46		387
Accounts receivable from affiliates	(2,376)		917
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(318)		(210)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(145)		(2,123)
Accounts payable to affiliates	(325)		(572)
Operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets	733		273
Other	—		11
Net cash provided by operating activities	31,210		33,676

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(432)		(494)
Disposition of assets	—		27,500
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(432)		27,006

Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments of distributions	(31,650)		(8,528)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	—		2,700
Payments on revolving credit facility	—		(2,700)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	—		10,000
Principal payments on long-term debt	(1,031)		(50,000)
Payments of loan fees	—		(436)
Other	—		5
Net cash used in financing activities	(32,681)		(48,959)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(1,903)		11,723
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	17,645		2,478
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	15,742	$	14,201

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	76	$	462
Cash paid for interest	$	4,010	$	3,922

Non-cash investing activities:
Assets disposed of in sale	$	—	$	310

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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GREEN PLAINS PARTNERS LP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION, DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization

References to “we,” “our,” “us” or “the partnership” in the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements refer to Green Plains Partners LP and its subsidiaries.

Green Plains Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Green Plains Inc., serves as the general partner of the partnership. References to (i) “the general partner” and “Green Plains Holdings” refer to Green Plains Holdings LLC; (ii) “the parent,” “the sponsor” and “Green Plains” refer to Green Plains Inc.; and (iii) “Green Plains Trade” refers to Green Plains Trade Group LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Green Plains.

Consolidated Financial Statements

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the partnership and its controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated on a consolidated basis for reporting purposes. Results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the expected results for the entire year.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Because they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP, the consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the partnership’s 2021 annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 18, 2022.

The partnership accounts for its interest in joint ventures using the equity method of accounting, with its investment recorded at the acquisition cost plus the partnership’s share of equity in undistributed earnings and reduced by the partnership’s share of equity in undistributed losses and distributions received.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements

Preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The partnership bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions it believes are proper and reasonable under the circumstances. The partnership regularly evaluates the appropriateness of these estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Key accounting policies, including, but not limited to, those related to leases, depreciation of property and equipment, asset retirement obligations, and impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill are impacted by judgments, assumptions and estimates used to prepare the consolidated financial statements.

Description of Business

The partnership provides fuel storage and transportation services by owning, operating, developing and acquiring ethanol and fuel storage terminals, transportation assets and other related assets and businesses. The partnership is its parent’s primary downstream logistics provider to support the parent’s approximately 1.0 bgy ethanol marketing and distribution business since the partnership’s assets are the principal method of storing and delivering the ethanol the parent produces. The ethanol produced by the parent is fuel grade, made principally from starch extracted from corn, and is primarily used for blending with gasoline. Ethanol currently comprises approximately 10% of the U.S. gasoline market and is an economical source of octane and oxygenates for blending into the fuel supply. The partnership does not take ownership of, or receive any payments based on the value of the ethanol or other fuels it handles; as a result, the partnership does not have any direct exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices.

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Revenue Recognition

The partnership recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the completion of services or the transfer of control of products to the customer or another specified third party. For contracts with customers in which a take-or-pay commitment exists, any minimum volume deficiency charges are recognized as revenue in the period incurred and are not allowed to be credited towards excess volumes in future periods.

The partnership generates a substantial portion of its revenues under fee-based commercial agreements with Green Plains Trade. Operating lease revenue related to minimum volume commitments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Under the terms of the storage and throughput agreement with Green Plains Trade, to the extent shortfalls associated with minimum volume commitments in the previous four quarters continue to exist, volumes in excess of the minimum volume commitment are applied to those shortfalls. Remaining excess volumes generating operating lease revenue are recognized as incurred.

Please refer to Note 2 - Revenue to the consolidated financial statements for further details.

Operations and Maintenance Expenses

The partnership’s operations and maintenance expenses consist primarily of lease expenses related to the transportation assets, labor expenses, outside contractor expenses, insurance premiums, repairs and maintenance expenses, and utility costs. These expenses also include fees for certain management, maintenance and operational services to support the storage and terminal facilities, trucks, and leased railcar fleet allocated by Green Plains under the operational services and secondment agreement.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

In the normal course of business, the partnership is exposed to credit risk resulting from the possibility a loss may occur due to failure of another party to perform according to the terms of their contract. The partnership provides fuel storage and transportation services for various parties with a significant portion of its revenues earned from Green Plains Trade. The partnership continually monitors its credit risk exposure and concentrations. Please refer to Note 2 – Revenue and Note 10 – Related Party Transactions to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

The partnership reviews its long-lived assets, currently consisting primarily of property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. No impairment charges were recorded for the periods reported.

The partnership’s goodwill currently is comprised of amounts recognized by the MLP predecessor related to terminal services assets. The partnership reviews goodwill at the reporting unit level for impairment at least annually, as of October 1, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred.

Leases

The partnership leases certain facilities, parcels of land, and railcars. These leases are accounted for as operating leases, with lease expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The term of the lease may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that such options will be exercised. For leases with initial terms greater than 12 months, the partnership records operating lease right-of-use assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. The partnership had $0.1 million short-term lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and no short term lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the right to control an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. These assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the partnership’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the incremental borrowing rate is used based on information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of future payments.

The partnership utilizes a portfolio approach for lease classification, which allows for an entity to group together leases with similar characteristics, provided that its application does not create a material difference when compared to accounting for the leases at a contract level. For the partnership’s railcar leases, the partnership combines the railcars within each contract rider and accounts for each contract rider as an individual lease.

From a lessee perspective, the partnership combines both the lease and non-lease components and accounts for them as one lease component. Certain of the partnership’s railcar agreements provide for maintenance costs to be the responsibility of the partnership as incurred or charged by the lessor. This maintenance cost is a non-lease component that the partnership combines with the monthly rental payment and accounts for the total cost as operating lease expense. In addition, the partnership has a land lease that contains a non-lease component for the handling and unloading services the landlord provides. The partnership combines the cost of services with the land lease cost and accounts for the total as operating lease expense.

The partnership records operating lease revenue as part of its operating lease agreements for storage and throughput services, rail transportation services, and certain terminal services. In addition, the partnership may sublease certain of its railcars to third parties on a short-term basis. These subleases are classified as operating leases, with the associated sublease revenue recognized on a straight-line basis over the sublease lease term.

From a lessor perspective, the partnership classifies certain costs as lease costs for accounting purposes, which may differ from a tax or legal perspective. The partnership combines both the lease and non-lease components and accounts for them as one lease component. The storage and throughput agreement consists of costs paid by Green Plains Trade for the rental of the terminal facilities, which for accounting purposes are treated as lease costs, as well as other costs for the throughput services provided by the partnership, which are treated as non-lease costs. For this agreement, the partnership combines the facility rental revenue and the service revenue and accounts for the total as leasing revenue. Similarly, the railcar transportation services agreement consists of costs paid by Green Plains Trade for the use of the partnership’s railcar assets, which are treated as lease costs for accounting purposes, as well as costs for logistical operations management and other services, which are treated as non-lease costs. For this agreement, the partnership combines the railcar rental revenue and the service revenue and accounts for the total as leasing revenue.

Please refer to Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies to the consolidated financial statements for further details on operating lease expense and revenue. Please refer to Note 2 - Revenue to the consolidated financial statements for further details on the operating lease agreements in which the partnership is a lessor.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The partnership records an ARO for the fair value of the estimated costs to retire a tangible long-lived asset in the period incurred if it can be reasonably estimated, which is subsequently adjusted for accretion expense. Corresponding asset retirement costs are capitalized as a long-lived asset and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the asset’s remaining useful life. The expected present value technique used to calculate the fair value of the AROs includes assumptions about costs, settlement dates, interest accretion, and inflation. Changes in assumptions, such as the amount or timing of estimated cash flows, could increase or decrease the AROs. The partnership’s AROs are based on legal obligations to perform remedial activity related to land, machinery and equipment when certain operating leases expire.

Segment Reporting

The partnership accounts for segment reporting in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, which establishes standards for entities reporting information about the operating segments and geographic areas in which they operate. Management evaluated how its chief operating decision maker has organized the partnership for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing performance, and concluded it has one reportable segment.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued amended guidance in ASC 848, Reference Rate Reform, and subsequent updates in January 2021 and October 2022, which provide optional expedients and exceptions to U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burden related to the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amended guidance do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2024, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2024, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The guidance is effective upon issuance and to be applied prospectively from any date beginning March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2024. The partnership does not have any hedges and the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the partnership’s consolidated financial statements.

2. REVENUE

Revenue Recognition

The partnership recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the completion of services or the transfer of control of products to the customer or another specified third party. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for providing services.

Revenue by Source

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues
Service revenues
Terminal services	$	1,864	$	1,987	$	5,984	$	6,196
Trucking and other	1,022		1,001		2,757		3,186
Total service revenues	2,886		2,988		8,741		9,382
Leasing revenues (1)
Storage and throughput services	11,565		11,564		34,693		35,389
Railcar transportation services	5,615		4,688		15,386		14,525
Terminal services	—		11		—		62
Total leasing revenues	17,180		16,263		50,079		49,976
Total revenues	$	20,066	$	19,251	$	58,820	$	59,358

(1) Leasing revenues do not represent revenues recognized from contracts with customers under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and are accounted for under ASC 842, Leases.

Terminal Services Revenue

The partnership provides terminal services and logistics solutions to Green Plains Trade, and other customers, through its fuel terminal facilities under various terminal service agreements, some of which have minimum volume commitments. Revenue generated by these terminals is disaggregated between service revenue and leasing revenue. If Green Plains Trade, or other customers, fail to meet their minimum volume commitments during the applicable term, a deficiency payment equal to the deficient volume multiplied by the applicable fee is charged. Deficiency payments related to the partnership’s terminal services revenue may not be utilized as credits toward future volumes. At terminals where customers have shared use of terminal and tank storage assets, revenue is generated from contracts with customers and accounted for as service revenue. This service revenue is recognized at the point in time when product is withdrawn from tank storage.

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At terminals where a customer is predominantly provided exclusive use of the terminal or tank storage assets, the partnership is considered a lessor as part of an operating lease agreement. Revenue is recognized over the term of the lease based on the minimum volume commitment or total actual throughput if in excess of the minimum volume commitment.

Trucking and Other Revenue

The partnership transports ethanol, natural gasoline, other refined fuels and feedstocks by truck from identified receipt points to various delivery points. Trucking revenue is recognized over time based on the percentage of total miles traveled, which is on average less than 100 miles.

Railcar Transportation Services Revenue

Under the rail transportation services agreement, Green Plains Trade is obligated to use the partnership to transport ethanol and other fuels from receipt points identified by Green Plains Trade to nominated delivery points. Green Plains Trade is required to pay the partnership fees for the minimum railcar volumetric capacity provided, regardless of utilization of that capacity. However, Green Plains Trade is not charged for railcar volumetric capacity that is not available for use due to inspections, upgrades or routine repairs and maintenance. Revenue associated with the rail transportation services fee is considered leasing revenue and is recognized over the term of the lease based on the actual average daily railcar volumetric capacity provided. The partnership may also charge Green Plains Trade a related services fee for logistical operations management of railcar volumetric capacity utilized by Green Plains Trade which is not provided by the partnership. Revenue associated with the related services fee is also considered leasing revenue and recognized over the term of the lease based on the average volumetric capacity for which services are provided.

Storage and Throughput Revenue

The partnership generates leasing revenue from its storage and throughput agreement with Green Plains Trade based on contractual rates charged for the handling, storage and throughput of ethanol. Under this agreement, Green Plains Trade is required to pay the partnership a fee for a minimum volume commitment regardless of the actual volume delivered. If Green Plains Trade fails to meet its minimum volume commitment during any quarter, the partnership charges Green Plains Trade a deficiency payment equal to the deficient volume multiplied by the applicable fee. The deficiency payment may be applied as a credit toward volumes delivered by Green Plains Trade in excess of the minimum volume commitment during the following four quarters, after which time any unused credits will expire. Revenue is recognized over the term of the lease based on the minimum volume commitment or total actual throughput if in excess of the minimum volume commitment.

Payment Terms

The partnership has standard payment terms, which vary depending on the nature of the services provided, with the majority of terms falling within 10 to 30 days after transfer of control or completion of services. Contracts generally do not include a significant financing component in instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing.

Major Customers

Revenue from Green Plains Trade Group was $19.0 million and $55.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $18.3 million and $56.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, which exceeds 10% of the partnership’s total revenue.

Contract Liabilities

The partnership records unearned revenue when consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of service and lease agreements. Unearned revenue from service agreements, which represents a contract liability, is recorded for fees that have been charged to the customer prior to the completion of performance obligations, and is generally recognized in the subsequent quarter.

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The following table reflects the changes in our unearned revenue from service agreements, which is recorded in accrued and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):


	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	210
Revenue recognized included in beginning balance	(210)
Net additions	112
Balance at March 31, 2022	112
Revenue recognized included in beginning balance	(112)
Net additions	132
Balance at June 30, 2022	132
Revenue recognized included in beginning balance	(132)
Net additions	204
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	204

The partnership expects to recognize all of the unearned revenue associated with service agreements from contracts with customers as of September 30, 2022, in the subsequent quarter when the product is withdrawn from tank storage.

3. DEBT

Term Loan Facility

Green Plains Operating Company has a term loan to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general partnership purposes. On July 20, 2021, the credit facility was amended, decreasing the total amount available to $60.0 million, extending the maturity from December 31, 2021 to July 20, 2026, and converting the credit facility to a term loan. Under the terms of the amended agreement, BlackRock purchased the outstanding balance of the prior credit facility from the previous lenders. On February 11, 2022, the Amended Credit Facility was modified to allow Green Plains Partners and its affiliates to repurchase outstanding notes and in conjunction, the partnership repurchased $1.0 million of the outstanding notes and subsequently retired the notes. Interest on the term loan is based on three-month LIBOR plus 8.00%, with a 0% LIBOR floor. Interest is payable on the 15th day of each March, June, September and December during the term, which commenced September 15, 2021. The amended term loan does not require any principal payments; however, the partnership has the option to prepay $1.5 million per quarter beginning twelve months after the closing date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the partnership made $50.0 million in principal payments on the term loan, including $19.5 million of scheduled repayments, $27.5 million related to the sale of the storage assets located adjacent to the Ord, Nebraska ethanol plant, and a $3.0 million prepayment made with excess cash. As of September 30, 2022, the term loan had an outstanding balance of $59.0 million and an interest rate of 11.19%.

The partnership’s obligations under the term loan are secured by a first priority lien on (i) the equity interests of the partnership’s present and future subsidiaries, (ii) all of the partnership’s present and future personal property, such as investment property, general intangibles and contract rights, including rights under any agreements with Green Plains Trade, (iii) all proceeds and products of the equity interests of the partnership’s present and future subsidiaries and its personal property and (iv) substantially all of the partnership’s real property and material leases of real property. The terms impose affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on the partnership’s ability to incur additional debt, acquire and sell assets, create liens, invest capital, pay distributions and materially amend the partnership’s commercial agreements with Green Plains Trade. The term loan also requires the partnership to maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated debt service coverage ratio, each of which is calculated on a pro forma basis with respect to acquisitions and divestitures occurring during the applicable period. As of the end of any fiscal quarter, the maximum consolidated leverage ratio required is no more than 2.50x and the minimum debt service coverage ratio required is no less 1.10x. The consolidated leverage ratio is calculated by dividing total funded indebtedness by the sum of the four preceding fiscal quarters’ consolidated EBITDA. The consolidated debt service coverage ratio is calculated by taking the sum of the four preceding fiscal quarters’ consolidated EBITDA minus income taxes and consolidated capital expenditures for such period divided by the sum of the four preceding fiscal quarters’ consolidated interest charges plus consolidated scheduled funded debt payments for such period. Under the amended terms of the loan, the partnership has no restrictions on the amount of quarterly distribution payments, so long as (i) no default has occurred and is continuing, or would result

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from payment of the distribution, and (ii) the partnership and its subsidiaries are in compliance with its financial covenants and remain in compliance after payment of the distribution.

The partnership had $59.0 million and $60.0 million of borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. In addition, the partnership had $0.5 million of unamortized debt issuance costs recorded as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the partnership’s long-term debt as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The partnership believes the carrying amount of its debt approximated fair value at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Covenant Compliance

The partnership, including all of its subsidiaries, was in compliance with its debt covenants as of September 30, 2022.

4. DISPOSITIONS

Ord Disposition

On March 22, 2021, Green Plains completed the sale of its ethanol plant located in Ord, Nebraska to GreenAmerica Biofuels Ord LLC. Correspondingly, the partnership’s storage assets located adjacent to the Ord plant were sold to Green Plains for $27.5 million, along with the transfer of associated railcar operating leases.

This transaction was accounted for as a transfer between entities under common control and was approved by the conflicts committee. There were no material transaction costs recorded for the disposition.

The following is a summary of assets and liabilities disposed of or assumed (in thousands):


Total consideration	$	27,500
Identifiable assets and liabilities disposed of:
Property and equipment, net	542
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,811
Operating lease current liabilities	(1,021)
Operating lease long-term liabilities	(790)
Total identifiable net assets	542
Partners' equity effect	$	26,958

In conjunction with the disposition, the partnership amended the 1) operational services agreement, 2) ethanol storage and throughput agreement, and 3) rail transportation services agreement. Please refer to Note 10 – Related Party Transactions to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

5. UNIT-BASED COMPENSATION

The partnership has a long-term incentive plan (LTIP) intended to promote the interests of the partnership, its general partner and affiliates by providing unit-based incentive compensation awards to employees, consultants and directors to encourage superior performance. The LTIP reserves 2,500,000 common limited partner units for issuance in the form of options, restricted units, phantom units, distribution equivalent rights, substitute awards, unit appreciation rights, unit awards, profit interest units or other unit-based awards. The partnership measures unit-based compensation at fair value on the grant date, with no adjustments for estimated forfeitures. The partnership records noncash compensation expense related to the awards over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis.

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The non-vested unit-based award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, is as follows:


	Non-Vested Units	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Term (in years)
Non-vested at December 31, 2021	19,482	$	12.32
Granted	19,707	12.18
Vested	(19,482)	12.32
Non-vested at September 30, 2022	19,707	$	12.18	0.8

Compensation costs related to the unit-based awards of $61 thousand and $180 thousand were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Compensation costs related to the unit-based awards of $60 thousand and $219 thousand were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, there was $180 thousand of unrecognized compensation costs from unit-based compensation awards.

6. PARTNERS’ EQUITY

Changes in partners’ equity are as follows (in thousands):


	Limited Partners				General Partner		Total
	Common Units- Public		Common Units- Green Plains
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	135,666	$	(133,420)	$	57	$	2,303
Quarterly cash distributions to unitholders ($0.44 per unit)	(5,122)		(5,098)		(209)		(10,429)
Net income	5,083		5,060		207		10,350
Unit-based compensation, including general partner net contributions	59		—		—		59
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	135,686	$	(133,458)	$	55	$	2,283
Quarterly cash distributions to unitholders ($0.445 per unit)	(5,180)		(5,156)		(211)		(10,547)
Net income	5,167		5,142		210		10,519
Unit-based compensation, including general partner net contributions	60		—		—		60
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	135,733	$	(133,472)	$	54	$	2,315
Quarterly cash distributions to unitholders ($0.45 per unit)	(5,247)		(5,214)		(213)		(10,674)
Net income	4,997		4,965		204		10,166
Unit-based compensation, including general partner net contributions	61		—		—		61
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	135,544	$	(133,721)	$	45	$	1,868

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	Limited Partners				General Partner		Total
	Common Units- Public		Common Units- Green Plains
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	124,823	$	(170,368)	$	(917)	$	(46,462)
Quarterly cash distributions to unitholders ($0.12 per unit)	(1,395)		(1,390)		(57)		(2,842)
Net income	5,264		5,248		215		10,727
Ord disposition	—		26,419		539		26,958
Unit-based compensation, including general partner net contributions	79		—		—		79
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	128,771	$	(140,091)	$	(220)	$	(11,540)
Quarterly cash distributions to unitholders ($0.12 per unit)	(1,395)		(1,390)		(57)		(2,842)
Net income	5,054		5,038		206		10,298
Unit-based compensation, including general partner net contributions	80		—		—		80
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	132,510	$	(136,443)	$	(71)	$	(4,004)
Quarterly cash distributions to unitholders ($0.12 per unit)	(1,397)		(1,390)		(57)		(2,844)
Net income	4,630		4,607		188		9,425
Unit-based compensation, including general partner net contributions	60		—		5		65
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	135,803	$	(133,226)	$	65	$	2,642

A roll forward of the number of common limited partner units outstanding is as follows:


	Common Units- Public	Common Units- Green Plains	Total
Units, December 31, 2021	11,641,105	11,586,548	23,227,653
Units issued under the LTIP	19,707	—	19,707
Units surrendered for tax purposes	(538)	—	(538)
Units, September 30, 2022	11,660,274	11,586,548	23,246,822

Issuance of Additional Securities

The partnership agreement authorizes the partnership to issue unlimited additional partnership interests on the terms and conditions determined by the general partner without unitholder approval.

Cash Distribution Policy

Quarterly distributions are made from available cash within 45 days after the end of each calendar quarter, assuming the partnership has available cash. Available cash generally means all cash and cash equivalents on hand at the end of that quarter less cash reserves established by the general partner, including those for future capital expenditures, future acquisitions and anticipated future debt service requirements, plus all or any portion of the cash on hand resulting from working capital borrowings made subsequent to the end of that quarter.

The general partner also holds incentive distribution rights that entitle it to receive increasing percentages, up to 48%, of available cash distributed from operating surplus, as defined in the partnership agreement, in excess of $0.46 per unit per quarter. The maximum distribution of 48% does not include any distributions the general partner or its affiliates may receive on its general partner interest or common units.

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On February 11, 2022, the partnership distributed $10.4 million to unitholders of record as of February 4, 2022, related to the quarterly cash distribution of $0.44 per unit that was declared on January 20, 2022, for the quarter ended December 31, 2021.

On May 13, 2022, the partnership distributed $10.5 million to unitholders of record as of May 6, 2022, related to the quarterly cash distribution of $0.445 per unit that was declared on April 21, 2022, for the quarter ended March 31, 2022.

On August 12, 2022, the partnership distributed $10.7 million to unitholders of record as of August 5, 2022, related to the quarterly cash distribution of $0.45 per unit that was declared on July 21, 2022, for the quarter ended June 30, 2022.

On October 20, 2022, the board of directors of the general partner declared a quarterly cash distribution of $0.455 per unit, or approximately $10.8 million, for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The distribution is payable on November 14, 2022, to unitholders of record at the close of business on November 4, 2022.

The total cash distributions declared for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
General partner distributions	$	216	$	206	$	640	$	320

Limited partner common units - public	5,305		5,064		15,733		7,856
Limited partner common units - Green Plains	5,272		5,040		15,642		7,820
Total distributions to limited partners	10,577		10,104		31,375		15,676
Total distributions declared	$	10,793	$	10,310	$	32,015	$	15,996

7. EARNINGS PER UNIT

The partnership computes earnings per unit using the two-class method. Earnings per unit applicable to common units is calculated by dividing the respective limited partners’ interest in net income by the weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of any outstanding dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per limited partner unit was the same as basic earnings per limited partner unit as there were no potentially dilutive common units outstanding as of September 30, 2022.

The following tables show the calculation of earnings per limited partner unit – basic and diluted (in thousands, except for per unit data):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Limited Partner Common Units		General Partner		Total
Net income:
Distributions declared	$	10,577	$	216	$	10,793
Earnings less than distributions	(615)		(12)		(627)
Total net income	$	9,962	$	204	$	10,166

Weighted-average units outstanding - basic and diluted	23,228

Earnings per limited partner unit - basic and diluted	$	0.43

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Limited Partner Common Units		General Partner		Total
Net income:
Distributions declared	$	31,375	$	640	$	32,015
Earnings less than distributions	(961)		(19)		(980)
Total net income	$	30,414	$	621	$	31,035

Weighted-average units outstanding - basic and diluted	23,215

Earnings per limited partner unit - basic and diluted	$	1.31


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Limited Partner Common Units		General Partner		Total
Net income:
Distributions declared	$	10,104	$	206	$	10,310
Earnings less than distributions	(867)		(18)		(885)
Total net income	$	9,237	$	188	$	9,425

Weighted-average units outstanding - basic and diluted	23,208

Earnings per limited partner unit - basic and diluted	$	0.40


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Limited Partner Common Units		General Partner		Total
Net income:
Distributions declared	$	15,676	$	320	$	15,996
Earnings in excess of distributions	14,165		289		14,454
Total net income	$	29,841	$	609	$	30,450

Weighted-average units outstanding - basic and diluted	23,177

Earnings per limited partner unit - basic and diluted	$	1.29

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8. INCOME TAXES

The partnership is a limited partnership, which is not subject to federal income taxes. However, the partnership is subject to state income taxes in certain states. As a result, the financial statements reflect a provision or benefit for such income taxes. The general partner and the unitholders are responsible for paying federal and state income taxes on their share of the partnership’s taxable income. The partnership’s income tax balances did not have a material impact on the financial statements.

The partnership recognizes uncertainties in income taxes based upon the technical merits of the position, and measures the maximum benefit and degree of likelihood to determine the tax liability in the financial statements. The partnership does not have any material uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2022.

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Lease Expense

The partnership leases certain facilities, parcels of land, and railcars with remaining terms ranging from less than one year to approximately 9.1 years, including renewal options reasonably certain to be exercised for the land and facility leases. Railcar agreement renewals are not considered reasonably certain to be exercised as they typically renew with different underlying terms.

The components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease expense
Operating lease expense	$	3,680	$	3,276	$	10,849	$	10,631
Variable lease expense (benefit) (1)	172		33		334		(124)
Total lease expense	$	3,852	$	3,309	$	11,183	$	10,507

(1) Represents railcar lease abatements provided by the lessor when railcars are out of service during periods of maintenance or upgrade, offset by amounts incurred in excess of the minimum payments required for the handling and unloading of railcars for a certain lease.

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Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	3,357	$	3,188	$	10,044	$	10,373

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	—		2,959		7,740		12,641

Right-of-use assets and lease obligations derecognized due to lease modifications:
Operating leases	—		1,838		—		1,889

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term	3.9 years		4.1 years

Weighted average discount rate	3.53	%	3.65	%

Aggregate minimum lease payments under the operating lease agreements for the remainder of 2022 and in future years are as follows (in thousands):


Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2022	$	3,759
2023	12,576
2024	10,533
2025	7,962
2026	3,078
Thereafter	3,236
Total	41,144
Less: Present value discount	(2,706)
Operating lease liabilities	$	38,438

The partnership has additional railcar operating leases that will commence within the next twelve months, with undiscounted future lease payments of approximately $4.4 million and lease terms of five years. This amount is not included in the tables above.

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Lease Revenue

The components of lease revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease revenue
Operating lease revenue	$	16,656	$	15,631	$	48,247	$	48,191
Variable lease revenue (1)	524		632		1,832		1,785
Total lease revenue	$	17,180	$	16,263	$	50,079	$	49,976

(1) Represents amounts charged to Green Plains Trade under the storage and throughput agreement in excess of the initial rate of $0.05 per gallon, amounts delivered by Green Plains Trade and other customers in excess of various minimum volume commitments, and the difference between the contracted railcar volumetric capacity and the actual amount provided to Green Plains Trade during the period.

In accordance with the amended storage and throughput agreement, Green Plains Trade is obligated to deliver a minimum volume of 217.7 mmg per calendar quarter to the partnership’s storage facilities and pay $0.05312 per gallon on all volume it throughputs associated with the agreement. The minimum volume commitment decreased from 232.5 mmg per calendar quarter to 217.7 mmg per calendar quarter as of March 22, 2021, in conjunction with the Ord disposition.

The remaining lease term for the storage and throughput agreement is 6.8 years with automatic one year renewal periods in which either party has the right to terminate the contract. Due to the unilateral right to termination during the renewal period, the lease contract would no longer contain enforceable rights or obligations. Therefore, the lease term does not include the successive one year renewal periods. Anticipated minimum operating lease revenue under this agreement assuming a consistent rate of $0.05312 per gallon for the remainder of 2022 and in future years, is as follows (in thousands):


Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2022	$	11,564
2023	46,257
2024	46,257
2025	46,257
2026	46,257
Thereafter	115,642
Total	$	312,234

In accordance with the amended rail transportation services agreement with Green Plains Trade, Green Plains Trade is required to pay the rail transportation services fee for railcar volumetric capacity provided by the partnership. The remaining lease term for this agreement is 6.8 years, with automatic one year renewal periods in which either party has the right to terminate the contract. Due to the unilateral right to termination during the renewal period, the lease contract would no longer contain enforceable rights or obligations. Therefore, the lease term does not include the successive one year renewal periods. Under the terms of the agreement, Green Plains Trade is not required to pay for volumetric capacity that is not available due to inspections, upgrades, or routine repairs and maintenance. As a result, the actual volumetric capacity billed may be reduced based on the amount of volumetric capacity available for use during any applicable period.

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Anticipated minimum operating lease revenue under this agreement for the remainder of 2022 and in future years is as follows (in thousands):


Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2022	$	5,564
2023	16,771
2024	12,714
2025	19,831
2026	2,743
Thereafter	1,203
Total	$	58,826

Other Commitments and Contingencies

The partnership has agreements for contracted services with certain vendors that require the partnership to pay minimum monthly amounts, which expire on various dates. These agreements do not contain an identified asset and therefore are not considered operating leases. The partnership satisfied the minimum commitments under these agreements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Aggregate minimum payments under these agreements for the remainder of 2022 and in future years are as follows (in thousands):


Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2022	$	165
2023	—
2024	—
2025	—
2026	—
Thereafter	—
Total	$	165

Legal

The partnership may be involved in litigation that arises during the ordinary course of business. Currently, the partnership is not a party to any material litigation.

10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The partnership engages in various related party transactions with Green Plains and subsidiaries of Green Plains. Green Plains provides a variety of shared services to the partnership, including general management, accounting and finance, payroll and human resources, information technology, legal, communications and treasury activities. These costs are proportionally allocated by Green Plains to its subsidiaries based on common financial metrics management believes are reasonable. The partnership recorded expenses related to these shared services of $0.8 million and $2.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.8 million and $2.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. In addition, the partnership reimburses Green Plains for wages and benefit costs of employees directly performing services on its behalf. Green Plains may also pay certain direct costs on behalf of the partnership, which are reimbursed by the partnership. The partnership believes the consolidated financial statements reflect all material costs of doing business related to its operations, including expenses incurred by other entities on its behalf.

Omnibus Agreement

The partnership has entered into an omnibus agreement, as amended, with Green Plains and its affiliates which, among other terms and conditions, addresses the partnership’s obligation to reimburse Green Plains for direct or allocated costs and expenses incurred by Green Plains for general and administrative services; the prohibition of Green Plains and its subsidiaries from owning, operating or investing in any business that owns or operates fuel terminals or fuel transportation

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assets; the partnership’s right of first offer to acquire assets if Green Plains decides to sell them; a nontransferable, nonexclusive, royalty-free license to use the Green Plains trademark and name; the allocation of taxes among the parent, the partnership and its affiliates and the parent’s preparation and filing of tax returns; and an indemnity by Green Plains for certain environmental and other liabilities.

If Green Plains or its affiliates cease to control the general partner, then either Green Plains or the partnership may terminate the omnibus agreement, provided that (i) the indemnification obligations of the parties survive according to their respective terms; and (ii) Green Plains’ obligation to reimburse the partnership for operational failures survives according to its terms.

Operating Services and Secondment Agreement

The general partner has entered into an operational services and secondment agreement, as amended, with Green Plains. Under the terms of the agreement, Green Plains seconds employees to the general partner to provide management, maintenance and operational functions for the partnership, including regulatory matters, health, environment, safety and security programs, operational services, emergency response, employee training, finance and administration, human resources, business operations and planning. The seconded personnel are under the direct management and supervision of the general partner who reimburses the parent for the cost of the seconded employees, including wages and benefits. If a seconded employee does not devote 100% of his or her time providing services to the general partner, the general partner reimburses the parent for a prorated portion of the employee’s overall wages and benefits based on the percentage of time the employee spent working for the general partner.

Under the operational services and secondment agreement, Green Plains will indemnify the partnership from any claims, losses or liabilities incurred by the partnership, including third-party claims, arising from their performance of the operational services secondment agreement; provided, however, that Green Plains will not be obligated to indemnify the partnership for any claims, losses or liabilities arising out of the partnership’s gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith with respect to any services provided under the operational services and secondment agreement.

Commercial Agreements

The partnership has various fee-based commercial agreements with Green Plains Trade, including:

•Storage and throughput agreement, expiring on June 30, 2029;

•Rail transportation services agreement, expiring on June 30, 2029;

•Trucking transportation agreement, expiring on May 31, 2023;

•Terminal services agreement for the Birmingham, Alabama unit train terminal, expiring on December 31, 2023; and

•Terminal services agreement for the Collins, Mississippi terminal, expiring on December 31, 2023.

The storage and throughput, rail transportation services, and trucking transportation agreements have various automatic renewal terms if not cancelled by either party within specified timeframes. Refer to Item 15 - Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules in our 2021 annual report for further details.

The storage and throughput agreement and terminal services agreements are supported by minimum volume commitments. The rail transportation services agreement is supported by minimum take-or-pay volumetric capacity commitments.

Under the storage and throughput agreement, as amended, Green Plains Trade is obligated to deliver a minimum volume of 217.7 mmg of product per calendar quarter to the partnership’s storage facilities and pay $0.05312 per gallon on all volume it throughputs associated with the agreement. The minimum volume commitment decreased from 232.5 mmg per calendar quarter to 217.7 mmg per calendar quarter as of March 22, 2021, in conjunction with the Ord disposition. In addition, the storage and throughput agreement with Green Plains Trade was extended an additional year to June 30, 2029 as part of this transaction.

If Green Plains Trade fails to meet its minimum volume commitment during any quarter, Green Plains Trade will pay the partnership a deficiency payment equal to the deficient volume multiplied by the applicable fee. The deficiency

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payment may be applied as a credit toward payments due on future volumes delivered by Green Plains Trade in excess of the minimum volume commitment during the following four quarters, after which time this option will expire.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, Green Plains Trade exceeded the minimum volume commitment and utilized a prior period deficiency credit of $0.1 million toward the excess volume. Prior year credits of $1.8 million expired unused, leaving a cumulative balance of minimum volume deficiency credits available to Green Plains Trade of $1.9 million. These credits expire, if unused, as follows:

• $0.8 million, expiring on December 31, 2022; and

• $1.1 million, expiring on March 31, 2023.

The above credits have been previously recognized as revenue by the partnership, and as such, future volumes throughput by Green Plains Trade in excess of the quarterly minimum volume commitment, up to the amount of these credits, will not be recognized in revenue in future periods prior to expiration.

Under the rail transportation services agreement, Green Plains Trade is obligated to use the partnership to transport ethanol and other fuels from receipt points identified by Green Plains Trade to nominated delivery points. The average daily railcar volumetric capacity provided by the partnership was 74.7 mmg and 73.0 mmg, respectively, and the associated average monthly fee was approximately $0.0250 and $0.0236 per gallon, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The average daily railcar volumetric capacity provided by the partnership was 68.6 mmg and 70.3 mmg, respectively, and the associated monthly fee was approximately $0.0228 and $0.0230 per gallon, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The partnership’s leased railcar fleet consisted of approximately 2,500 and 2,300 railcars as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Green Plains Trade is also obligated to use the partnership for logistical operations management and other services related to average daily railcar volumetric capacity provided by Green Plains Trade, which was approximately 0.7 mmg during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Green Plains Trade is obligated to pay a monthly fee of approximately $0.0013 per gallon for these services. In addition, Green Plains Trade reimburses the partnership for costs related to: (1) railcar switching and unloading fees; (2) increased costs related to changes in law or governmental regulation related to the specification, operation or maintenance of railcars; (3) demurrage charges, except when the charges are due to the partnership’s gross negligence or willful misconduct; and (4) fees related to rail transportation services under transportation contracts with third-party common carriers. As needed, Green Plains Trade contracts with the partnership for additional railcar volumetric capacity during the normal course of business at comparable margins.

Under the trucking transportation agreement, Green Plains Trade pays the partnership to transport ethanol and other fuels by truck from identified receipt points to various delivery points. Green Plains Trade is obligated to pay a monthly trucking transportation services fee equal to the aggregate volume transported in a calendar month by the partnership’s trucks, multiplied by the applicable rate for each truck lane. A truck lane is defined as a specific and routine route of travel between a point of origin and point of destination. Rates for each truck lane are negotiated based on product, location, mileage and other factors. Green Plains Trade reimburses the partnership for costs related to: (1) truck switching and unloading fees; (2) increased costs related to changes in law or governmental regulation related to the specification, operation and maintenance of trucks; and (3) fees related to trucking transportation services under transportation contracts with third-party common carriers.

Under the existing Birmingham terminal services agreement, effective through December 31, 2023, Green Plains Trade is obligated to throughput a minimum volume commitment of approximately 8.3 mmg per month and pay associated throughput fees, as well as fees for ancillary services.

The partnership recorded revenues from Green Plains Trade under the storage and throughput agreement and rail transportation services agreement of $17.2 million and $50.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $16.2 million and $49.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. In addition, the partnership recorded revenues from Green Plains Trade and other Green Plains subsidiaries related to trucking and terminal services of $1.9 million and $5.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $2.0 million and $6.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

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Cash Distributions

The partnership distributed $5.4 million and $16.1 million to Green Plains related to the quarterly cash distribution paid for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $1.4 million and $4.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

11. EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT

NLR Energy Logistics LLC

The partnership and Delek Renewables LLC have a 50/50 joint venture, NLR Energy Logistics LLC, which operates a unit train terminal in the Little Rock, Arkansas area with capacity to unload 110-car unit trains and provide approximately 100,000 barrels of storage. As of September 30, 2022, the partnership’s investment balance in the joint venture was $3.6 million.

The partnership does not consolidate any part of the assets or liabilities or operating results of its equity method investee. The partnership’s share of net income or loss in the investee increases or decreases, as applicable, the carrying value of the investment. With respect to NLR, the partnership determined that this entity does not represent a variable interest entity and consolidation is not required. In addition, although the partnership has the ability to exercise significant influence over the joint venture through board representation and voting rights, all significant decisions require the consent of the other investor without regard to economic interest.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis provides information we believe is relevant to understand our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes contained in this report together with our 2021 annual report. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results we expect for the full year.

Cautionary Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Forward-looking statements are made in accordance with safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on current expectations that involve a number of risks and uncertainties and do not relate strictly to historical or current facts, but rather to plans and objectives for future operations. These statements may be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “outlook,” “plan,” “predict,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “will” and similar expressions, as well as statements regarding future operating or financial performance or guidance, business strategy, environment, key trends and benefits of actual or planned acquisitions.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements include those discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our 2021 annual report and in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in this report, or incorporated by reference. Specifically, we may experience fluctuations in future operating results due to disruption caused by health epidemics, such as the COVID-19 outbreak; changes in general economic, market or business conditions; foreign imports of ethanol; fluctuations in demand for ethanol and other fuels; risks of accidents or other unscheduled shutdowns affecting our assets, including mechanical breakdown of equipment or infrastructure; risks associated with changes to federal policy or regulation; ability to comply with changing government usage mandates and regulations affecting the ethanol industry; price, availability and acceptance of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles, and laws mandating such fuels or vehicles; changes in operational costs at our facilities and for our railcars; failure to realize the benefits projected for capital projects; competition; inability to successfully implement growth strategies; the supply of corn and other feedstocks; unusual or severe weather conditions and natural disasters; ability and willingness of parties with whom we have material relationships, including Green Plains Trade, to fulfill their obligations; labor and material shortages; changes in the availability of unsecured credit and changes affecting the credit markets in general; risks related to acquisition and disposition activities; and other risk factors detailed in our reports filed with the SEC.

We believe our expectations regarding future events are based on reasonable assumptions. However, these assumptions may not be accurate or account for all risks and uncertainties. Consequently, forward-looking statements are not guaranteed. Actual results may vary materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. In addition, we are not obligated nor do we intend to update our forward-looking statements as a result of new information unless it is required by applicable securities laws. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which represent management’s views as of the date of this report or documents incorporated by reference.

Overview

Green Plains Partners provides fuel storage and transportation services by owning, operating, developing and acquiring ethanol and fuel storage facilities, terminals, transportation assets and other related assets and businesses. We are Green Plains’ primary downstream logistics provider and generate a substantial portion of our revenues under fee-based commercial agreements with Green Plains Trade for receiving, storing, transferring and transporting ethanol and other fuels, which are supported by minimum volume or take-or-pay capacity commitments.

Recent Developments

Amendment to the Rail Transportation Services Agreement

On August 16, 2022, we amended the Rail Transportation Services Agreement with Green Plains Trade to extend the term of the agreement to June 30, 2029, with automatic renewals for successive twelve month terms thereafter until terminated by either party providing 360 days written notice of termination.

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Results of Operations

During the third quarter of 2022, our parent maintained an average utilization rate of approximately 90.9% of capacity. Ethanol throughput was 219.7 mmg, which exceeded the contracted minimum volume commitment per quarter. As a result, Green Plains Trade utilized prior period credits in the amount of $0.1 million for the third quarter 2022. Prior year credits totaling of $1.8 million expired unused, leaving a cumulative balance of minimum volume deficiency credits available to Green Plains Trade of $1.9 million. These credits expire, if unused, as follows:

•$0.8 million, expiring on December 31, 2022; and

•$1.1 million, expiring on March 31, 2023.

Our parent’s operating strategy is to transform to a value-added agricultural technology company creating sustainable high value ingredients. Depending on the margin environment, our parent may exercise operational discretion that results in reductions in throughput volumes. It is possible that throughput volumes could be below minimum volume commitments in the future, depending on various factors that drive each of our parent's biorefineries variable contribution margin, including future driving and gasoline demand for the industry and the availability and price of renewable feedstocks. As part of this strategy, our parent is deploying MSCTM technology, to help meet growing global demand for protein feed ingredients and low-carbon renewable corn oil, which could lead to our parent having more consistent margins and operating throughput rates over time.

Adjusted EBITDA and Distributable Cash Flow

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization excluding the amortization of right-of-use assets, plus adjustments for transaction costs related to acquisitions or financing transactions, unit-based compensation expense, net gains or losses on asset sales, and our proportional share of EBITDA adjustments of our equity method investee.

Distributable cash flow is defined as adjusted EBITDA less interest paid or payable, income taxes paid or payable, maintenance capital expenditures, which are defined under our partnership agreement as cash expenditures (including expenditures for the construction or development of new capital assets or the replacement, improvement or expansion of existing capital assets) made to maintain our operating capacity or operating income, and our proportional share of distributable cash flow adjustments of our equity method investee.

Adjusted EBITDA and distributable cash flow are supplemental financial measures that we use to assess our financial performance. We believe their presentation provides useful information to investors in assessing our financial condition and results of operations. However, these presentations are not made in accordance with GAAP. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to adjusted EBITDA and distributable cash flow is net income. Since adjusted EBITDA and distributable cash flow may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of adjusted EBITDA and distributable cash flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, diminishing their utility. Adjusted EBITDA and distributable cash flow should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to net income or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP to analyze our financial performance and operating results.

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The following table presents reconciliations of net income to adjusted EBITDA and to distributable cash flow, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited, dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Reconciliations to Non-GAAP Financial Measures:
Net income	$	10,166		$	9,425		$	31,035		$	30,450
Interest expense	1,516			2,781			4,139			6,120
Income tax expense	37			77			114			229
Depreciation and amortization	1,194			1,089			2,915			2,771
Transaction costs	—			—			—			5
Unit-based compensation expense	61			60			180			219
Proportional share of EBITDA adjustments of equity method investee (1)	45			45			135			139
Adjusted EBITDA	13,019			13,477			38,518			39,933
Interest paid or payable	(1,516)			(1,781)			(4,139)			(5,120)
Income taxes paid or payable	(37)			(77)			(114)			(229)
Maintenance capital expenditures	(124)			(137)			(382)			(139)
Distributable cash flow (2)	$	11,342		$	11,482		$	33,883		$	34,445

Distributions declared (3)	$	10,793		$	10,310		$	32,015		$	15,996

Coverage ratio	1.05		x	1.11		x	1.06		x	2.15		x

(1) Represents our proportional share of depreciation and amortization of our equity method investee.

(2) Distributable cash flow does not include adjustments for the principal payment on the term loan of $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Distributable cash flow does not include adjustments for the principal payments on the credit facility of $3.2 million and $50.0 million, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

(3) Represents distributions declared for the applicable period and paid in the subsequent quarter for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and distributions declared for each quarter of the applicable period for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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Selected Financial Information and Operating Data

The following discussion reflects the results of the partnership for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Selected financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, is as follows (unaudited, in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		% Var.		2022		2021		% Var.
Revenues
Storage and throughput services	$	11,565	$	11,564	—	%	$	34,693	$	35,389	(2.0)	%
Railcar transportation services	5,615		4,688		19.8		15,386		14,525		5.9
Terminal services	1,864		1,998		(6.7)		5,984		6,258		(4.4)
Trucking and other	1,022		1,001		2.1		2,757		3,186		(13.5)
Total revenues	20,066		19,251		4.2		58,820		59,358		(0.9)
Operating expenses
Operations and maintenance (excluding depreciation and amortization reflected below)	6,287		5,161		21.8		18,012		17,153		5.0
General and administrative	949		892		6.4		3,059		3,152		(3.0)
Depreciation and amortization	1,194		1,089		9.6		2,915		2,771		5.2
Total operating expenses	8,430		7,142		18.0		23,986		23,076		3.9
Operating income	$	11,636	$	12,109	(3.9)	%	$	34,834	$	36,282	(4.0)	%

Selected operating data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, is as follows (unaudited):


	Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	% Var.	2022	2021	% Var.
Product volumes (mmg)
Storage and throughput services	219.7	182.2	20.6%	649.4	553.1	17.4%

Terminal services:
Affiliate	24.2	22.1	9.5	79.2	62.1	27.5
Non-affiliate	23.7	26.2	(9.5)	68.9	77.7	(11.3)
	47.9	48.3	(0.8)	148.1	139.8	5.9

Railcar capacity billed (daily avg.)	74.7	68.6	8.9	73.0	70.3	3.8

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022, Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

Consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased $0.8 million compared with the same period for 2021. Storage and throughput services revenue was consistent with the prior year. Railcar transportation services revenue increased $0.9 million primarily due to an increase in capacity provided. Terminal services revenue decreased $0.1 million due to slightly lower throughput volumes compared to the prior year. Trucking and other revenue was consistent with the prior year.

Operations and maintenance expenses increased $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared with the same period for 2021 primarily due to higher railcar lease expense.

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General and administrative expenses increased $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compare with the same period for 2021 due to an increase in expenses allocated by our parent under the Operational Services and Secondment Agreement.

Distributable cash flow decreased $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared with the same period for 2021, associated with the increase in net income offset by the changes in interest expense versus the prior period.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022, Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

Consolidated revenues decreased $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with the same period for 2021. Storage and throughput services revenue decreased $0.7 million due to a reduction in contracted minimum volume commitments as a result of the sale of our parent’s Ord ethanol plant in the first quarter of 2021. Railcar transportation services revenue increased $0.9 million due to an increase in capacity provided and higher fees charged on the volumetric capacity. Terminal services revenue decreased $0.3 million due to lower minimum volume commitment fees earned. Trucking and other revenue decreased $0.4 million primarily as a result of lower non-affiliate freight volume.

Operations and maintenance expenses increased $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with the same period for 2021 primarily due to an increase in railcar lease expense.

General and administrative expenses decreased $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with the same period for 2021 primarily due to lower insurance expense.

Distributable cash flow decreased $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with the same period for 2021, associated with an increase in net income offset by changes in interest expense versus the prior period.

Industry Factors Affecting our Results of Operations

U.S. Ethanol Supply and Demand

According to the EIA, domestic ethanol production averaged 979 thousand barrels per day during the third quarter of 2022, which was 0.5% higher than the 974 thousand barrels per day for the same quarter last year. Refiner and blender input volume was 902 thousand barrels per day for the third quarter of 2022, compared with 919 thousand barrels per day for the same quarter last year. Gasoline demand decreased 0.6 million barrels per day, or 6.6% during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the prior year. U.S. domestic ethanol ending stocks increased by approximately 1.5 million barrels compared to the prior year, or 7.2%, to 21.7 million barrels as of September 30, 2022. As of this filing, according to Prime the Pump, there were approximately 2,743 retail stations selling E15 in 31 states, up from 2,555 at the beginning of the year, and approximately 386 suppliers at 113 pipeline terminal locations now offering E15 to wholesale customers.

Global Ethanol Supply and Demand

According to the USDA Foreign Agriculture Service, domestic ethanol exports through August 31, 2022, were approximately 1,012 mmg, up from 796 mmg for the same period of 2021. Canada was the largest export destination for U.S. ethanol accounting for 32% of domestic ethanol export volume, driven in part by their national clean fuel standard. South Korea, India and the Netherlands accounted for 13%, 8%, and 7%, respectively, of U.S. ethanol exports. We currently estimate that net ethanol exports will range from 1.3 to 1.5 billion gallons in 2022, based on historical demand from a variety of countries and certain countries that seek to improve their air quality, reduce green house gas emissions through low carbon fuel programs and eliminate MTBE from their own fuel supplies. The recent strengthening of the U.S. Dollar relative to other currencies has the potential to adversely impact the U.S. ethanol competitiveness in the global market.

Legislation and Regulation

We are sensitive to government programs and policies that affect the supply and demand for ethanol and other fuels, which in turn may impact the volume of ethanol and other fuels we handle. Over the years, various bills and amendments have been proposed in the House and Senate, which would eliminate the RFS entirely, eliminate the corn based ethanol portion of the mandate, and make it more difficult to sell fuel blends with higher levels of ethanol. Bills have also been

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introduced to require higher levels of octane blending, and require car manufacturers to produce vehicles that can operate on higher ethanol blends. We believe it is unlikely that any of these bills will become law in the current Congress. In addition, the manner in which the EPA administers the RFS and related regulations can have a significant impact on the actual amount of ethanol and other biofuels blended into the domestic fuel supply.

Federal mandates and state-level clean fuel programs supporting the use of renewable fuels are a significant driver of ethanol demand in the U.S. Ethanol policies are influenced by concerns for the environment, diversifying the fuel supply, and reducing the country’s dependence on foreign oil. Consumer acceptance of flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) and higher ethanol blends in non-FFVs may be necessary before ethanol can achieve further growth in U.S. surface transportation fleet market share. In addition, expansion of clean fuel programs in other states and countries, or a national low carbon fuel standard, could increase the demand for ethanol, depending on how it is structured.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was signed into law on August 16, 2022, is a sweeping policy that could have many potential impacts on both our and our parent's business which we are continuing to evaluate. The legislation (a) created a new Clean Fuel Production Credit, section 45Z of the Internal Revenue Code, which runs from 2025 to 2027 of up to $1.00 per gallon, which could impact our parent's fuel ethanol, depending on the level of green house gas reduction for each gallon; (b) created a new tax credit for sustainable aviation fuel of $1.25 to $1.75 per gallon, depending on the green house gas reduction for each gallon, that could possibly involve some of our parent's low carbon ethanol through an alcohol to jet pathway, depending on the life cycle analysis model being used (this credit expires after 2024 and shifts to the Clean Fuel Production Credit, where it qualifies for up to $1.75 per gallon); (c) expanded the carbon capture and sequestration credit, section 45Q, to $85 for each ton of carbon sequestered, which could impact our parent's carbon capture partnership and other potential carbon capture investments; (d) extended the biodiesel tax credit which could impact our parent's renewable corn oil values, as this co-product serves as a low-carbon feedstock for renewable diesel and biomass based diesel production; (e) funded biofuel refueling infrastructure, which could impact the availability of higher level ethanol blended fuel; (f) increased funding for working lands conservation programs for farmers by $20 billion; and (g) provided credits for the production and purchase of electric vehicles, which could impact the amount of internal combustion engines built and sold longer term, and by extension impact the demand for liquid fuels including ethanol.

The RFS sets a floor for biofuels use in the United States. When the RFS was established in 2010, the required volume of conventional, or corn-based, ethanol to be blended with gasoline was to increase each year until it reached 15 billion gallons in 2015, which left the EPA to address existing limitations in both supply and demand. As of this filing, the EPA has finalized RVOs, reducing the conventional ethanol levels for 2020 and 2021 to reflect lower fuel demand during the pandemic, and finalized an RVO at the statutory 15 billion gallons for 2022, with an additional 250 million gallons of supplemental volume to reflect a court-ordered remand of a previously-lowered RVO. The EPA has agreed to a consent decree from the U.S. District Court for D.C. to propose an RVO for 2023 (and possibly 2024 and 2025) by November 16, 2022, and finalize the rule by June 14, 2023. It is possible they expand the types of fuels that can qualify for credits under the RFS, including so-called e-RINS for electric vehicles.

According to the RFS, if mandatory renewable fuel volumes are reduced by at least 20% for two consecutive years, the EPA is required to modify, or reset, statutory volumes through 2022, the year through which the statutorily prescribed volumes run. While conventional ethanol maintained 15 billion gallons, 2019 was the second consecutive year that the total RVO was more than 20% below the statutory volume levels. Thus, the EPA was expected to initiate a reset rulemaking, and modify statutory volumes through 2022, and do so based on the same factors they are to use in setting the RVOs post 2022. These factors include environmental impact, domestic energy security, expected production, infrastructure impact, consumer costs, job creation, price of agricultural commodities, food prices, and rural economic development. However, in late 2019, the EPA announced it would not be moving forward with a reset rulemaking in 2020. The current EPA has indicated they will not propose a reset rulemaking, though they have stated an intention to propose a post 2022 set rulemaking by November 16, 2022, and finalize by June 14, 2023, in compliance with a consent decree from the U.S. District Court for D.C.

Under the RFS, RINs and SREs are important tools impacting supply and demand. The EPA assigns individual refiners, blenders, and importers the volume of renewable fuels they are obligated to use in each annual RVO based on their percentage of total production of domestic transportation fuel. Obligated parties use RINs to show compliance with the RFS mandated volumes. Ethanol producers assign a RIN to each gallon of renewable fuel they produce and the RINs are detached when the renewable fuel is blended with transportation fuel domestically. Market participants can trade the detached RINs in the open market. The market price of detached RINs affects the price of ethanol in certain markets and can influence purchasing decisions by obligated parties.

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As it relates to SREs, a small refinery is defined as one that processes fewer than 75,000 barrels of petroleum per day. Small refineries can petition the EPA for a SRE which, if approved, waives their portion of the annual RVO requirements. The EPA, through consultation with the DOE and the USDA can grant a full or partial waiver, or deny it outright within 90 days of submittal. The EPA granted significantly more of these waivers for the 2016, 2017 and 2018 reporting years than they had in prior years, totaling 790 mmg of waived requirements for the 2016 compliance year, 1.82 billion gallons for 2017 and 1.43 billion gallons for 2018. In doing so, the EPA effectively reduced the RFS mandated volumes for those compliance years by those amounts respectively, and as a result RIN values declined significantly. In the waning days of the previous administration, the EPA approved three additional SREs, reversing one denial from 2018 and granting two from 2019. A total of 88 SREs were granted under the Trump Administration, erasing a total of 4.3 billion gallons of potential blending demand. The EPA, under the current administration, reversed the three SREs issued in the final weeks of the previous administration, and in conjunction with the RVO rulemaking for 2020, 2021 and 2022, denied all pending SREs. There are multiple on-going legal challenges to how the EPA has handled SREs and RFS rulemakings.

The One-Pound Waiver, which was extended in May 2019 to allow E15 to be sold year-round to all vehicles model year 2001 and newer, was challenged in an action filed in Federal District Court for the D.C. Circuit. On July 2, 2021, the Circuit Court vacated the EPA’s rule so the future of summertime, defined as June 1 to September 15, sales of E15 is uncertain. The Supreme Court declined to hear a challenge to this ruling. On April 12, 2022, the President announced that he has directed the EPA to issue an emergency waiver to allow for the continued sale of E15 during the summer months, and that the temporary waiver should be extended as long as the gasoline supply emergency lasts. As of this filing, E15 is sold year-round at approximately 2,743 stations in 31 states.

In October 2019, the White House directed the USDA and EPA to move forward with rulemaking to expand access to higher blends of biofuels. This includes funding for infrastructure, labeling changes and allowing E15 to be sold through E10 infrastructure. The USDA rolled out the Higher Blend Infrastructure Incentive Program in the summer of 2020, providing competitive grants to fuel terminals and retailers for installing equipment for dispensing higher blends of ethanol and biodiesel. In December 2021, the USDA announced they would administer another infrastructure grant program. The recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act provided for an additional $500 million in USDA grants for biofuel infrastructure from 2022 to 2031.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity include cash generated from operating activities. We expect operating cash flows will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs. We consider opportunities to repay or refinance our debt, depending on market conditions, as part of our normal course of doing business. Our ability to meet our debt service obligations and other capital requirements depends on our future operating performance, which is subject to general economic, financial, business, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other conditions, many of which are beyond our control. We plan to utilize a combination of operating cash, refinancing and other strategic actions, to repay debt obligations as they come due.

As of September 30, 2022, we had $15.7 million of cash and cash equivalents.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $31.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with $33.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to changes in net working capital. Net cash used by investing activities was $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with net cash provided by investing activities of $27.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, with the change primarily associated with the Ord disposition in the first quarter of 2021. Net cash used in financing activities was $32.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared with $49.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was due to a reduction of required principal payments on our previous credit facility, offset by an increase in our quarterly distribution payment.

We incurred capital expenditures of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 for various maintenance and upgrades. We expect to incur approximately $0.3 million for the remainder of 2022 for additional capitalized costs.

We did not make any equity method investee contributions related to the NLR joint venture for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and we do not anticipate making significant equity contributions to NLR for the remainder of 2022. We anticipate receiving future distributions from NLR as excess cash becomes available.

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Term Loan Facility

On July 20, 2021, we entered into the Amended Credit Facility to our existing credit facility with BlackRock and TMI Trust Company as administrative agent. The Amended Credit Facility reduced the total amount available to $60.0 million, extended the maturity from December 31, 2021 to July 20, 2026, and converted the balance to a term loan. On February 11, 2022, the Amended Credit Facility was modified to allow Green Plains Partners and its affiliates to repurchase outstanding notes. At that time, we purchased $1.0 million of the outstanding notes from BlackRock and subsequently retired the notes. The term loan does not require any principal payments; however, we have the option to prepay $1.5 million per quarter beginning July 2022. As of September 30, 2022, the term loan had a balance of $59.0 million and an interest rate of 11.19%.

Under the terms of the Amended Credit Facility, BlackRock purchased the outstanding balance of the existing notes from the previous lenders. Interest on the term loan is based on three-month LIBOR plus 8.00%, with a 0% LIBOR floor, and is payable on the 15th day of each March, June, September and December, during the term, and commenced September 15, 2021. Financial covenants of the Amended Credit Facility include a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 2.5x and a minimum consolidated debt service coverage ratio of 1.10x. The Amended Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the assets of the partnership.

The administrator of LIBOR ceased publication of the one-week and two-month LIBOR settings immediately following the LIBOR publication on December 31, 2021, and announced that the remaining USD LIBOR settings, including the three-month LIBOR, will cease immediately following the LIBOR publication on June 30, 2023. We use three-month LIBOR as a reference rate for our term loan. It is unclear if LIBOR will cease to exist or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established by the applicable phase out dates. We may need to amend our credit facility to determine the interest rate to replace LIBOR with the new standard that is established. The potential effect of any such event on interest expense cannot yet be determined.

For more information related to our debt, see Note 3 – Debt to the consolidated financial statements in this report.

Distributions to Unitholders

Effects of Inflation

While inflation has increased relative to recent years, we do not expect it to have a material impact on our future results of operations. However, inflation has and may continue to impact the interest rate environment in which we operate resulting in a higher cost of capital. See Item 3 below for additional information related to interest rate risk.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

In addition to debt, our material future obligations include certain lease agreements associated with our railcar fleet. Aggregate minimum lease payments under these operating lease agreements for future fiscal years as September 30, 2022 totaled $41.1 million. Refer to Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies included in the notes to consolidated financial statements for more information.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies relating to leases and impairment of goodwill are impacted significantly by judgments, assumptions and estimates used to prepare our consolidated financial statements. Information about our critical accounting policies and estimates is included in our 2021 annual report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices. At this time, we conduct all of our business in U.S. dollars and are not exposed to foreign currency risk.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk through our credit facility, which bears interest at variable rates. At September 30, 2022, we had $59.0 million outstanding under our credit facility. A 10% change in interest rates would affect our interest expense by approximately $0.7 million per year, assuming no changes in the amount outstanding or other variables.

Other details about our outstanding debt are discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report and in our 2021 annual report.

Commodity Price Risk

We do not have any direct exposure to risks associated with fluctuating commodity prices because we do not own the ethanol and other fuels that are stored at our facilities or transported by our railcars and trucks.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure information that must be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Under the supervision and participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, management carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2022, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We may be involved in litigation that arises during the ordinary course of business. We are not, however, involved in any material litigation at this time.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Investors should carefully consider the discussion of risks and the other information in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and the discussion of risks and other information in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” under “Cautionary Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” of this report. Although we have attempted to discuss key factors, our investors need to be aware that other risks may prove to be important in the future. New risks may emerge at any time and we cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our financial performance. The following risk factors supplement and/or update risk factors previously disclosed and should be considered in conjunction with the other information included in, or incorporated by reference in, this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Future demand for ethanol is uncertain and changes in federal mandates, public perception, global political or economic events, climate concerns related to fossil fuels, consumer acceptance and overall consumer demand for transportation fuel could affect demand.

There are limited markets for fuel ethanol beyond the federal mandates and further consumer acceptance of E15 and E85 fuels may be necessary before ethanol can achieve significant market share growth. Discretionary and E85 blending are important secondary markets. Discretionary blending is often determined by the price of ethanol relative to gasoline, and availability to consumers. When discretionary blending is financially unattractive, the demand for ethanol may be reduced. Demand for ethanol is also affected by overall demand for transportation fuel and with fossil fuels under pressure due to climate change concerns, which may adversely affect ethanol demand. Global events, such as COVID-19, which has disrupted supply chains and at times travel, and such as the war in Ukraine and sanctions associated therewith, which have disrupted customary product flows, exports and prices, all which impact the demand and supply of fossil fuels and in turn, for ethanol. Consumer demand for gasoline may be impacted by emerging transportation trends, such as electric vehicles or ride sharing. Additionally, factors such as over-supply of ethanol, which has been the case for some time, could continue to negatively impact our parent’s business. Reduced demand for ethanol may depress the value of our parent’s products, erode its margins, and reduce our parent’s, and consequently our, ability to generate revenue or operate profitably.

Government mandates affecting ethanol could change and impact the ethanol market.

Under the provisions of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, as amended, Congress expanded the RFS. The RFS mandates the minimum volume of renewable fuels that must be blended into the transportation fuel supply each year which affects the domestic market for ethanol. Each year the EPA is supposed to undertake rulemaking to set the RVO for the following year, though at times months or years pass without a finalized RVO. Further, the EPA has the authority to waive the requirements, in whole or in part, if there is inadequate domestic renewable fuel supply or the requirement severely harms the economy or the environment. After 2022, volumes shall be determined by the EPA in coordination with the Secretaries of Energy and Agriculture, taking into account such factors as impact on environment, energy security, future rates of production, cost to consumers, infrastructure, and other factors such as impact on commodity prices, job creation, rural economic development, or impact on food prices.

According to the RFS, if mandatory renewable fuel volumes are reduced by at least 20% for two consecutive years, the EPA is required to modify, or reset, statutory volumes through 2022; the year through which the statutorily prescribed volumes run. While conventional ethanol maintained 15 billion gallons, 2019 was the second consecutive year that the total RVO was more than 20% below the statutory volumes levels. Thus, the EPA was expected to initiate a reset rulemaking, and modify statutory volumes through 2022, and do so based on the same factors they are to use in setting the RVOs post-2022. However, on December 19, 2019, the EPA announced it would not be moving forward with a reset rulemaking. It is unclear when or if they will propose a reset rulemaking. The EPA has stated an intention to propose a post-2022 set rulemaking by November 16, 2022, and finalize by June 14, 2023, in compliance with a consent decree from the U.S. District Court for D.C.

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Volumes can also be impacted as small refineries can petition the EPA for an SRE which, if approved, waives their portion of the annual RVO requirements. The EPA, through consultation with the DOE and the USDA, can grant them a full or partial waiver, or deny it outright within 90 days of submittal. A small refinery is defined as one that processes fewer than 75,000 barrels of petroleum per day.

Our parent’s operations, and consequently our operations, could be adversely impacted by legislation, administration actions, EPA actions, or lawsuits that may reduce the RFS mandated volumes of conventional ethanol and other biofuels through the annual RVO, the 2022 set rulemaking, the point of obligation for blending, or SREs. A recent Supreme Court ruling held that the small refineries can continue to apply for an extension of their waivers from the RFS, even if they have not been awarded a continuous string of exemptions, though the current EPA, in conjunction with the RVO rulemaking for 2020, 2021 and 2022, denied all pending SREs. There are multiple legal challenges to how the EPA has handled SREs and RFS rulemakings. A recent D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals ruling held that the EPA overstepped its authority in extending the one pound Reid Vapor Pressure waiver for 10% ethanol blends to 15% ethanol blends in the summer, effectively limiting summertime sales of ethanol blends above 10% to FFVs from June 1 to September 15 each year. Notwithstanding, on April 12, 2022, the President announced that he has directed the EPA to issue an emergency waiver to allow for the continued sale of E15 during the June 1 to September 15 period. As of this filing, E15 is sold year-round at approximately 2,743 stations in 31 states.

Similarly, should federal mandates regarding oxygenated gasoline be repealed, the market for domestic ethanol could be adversely impacted. Economic incentives to blend based on the relative value of gasoline versus ethanol, taking into consideration the octane value of ethanol, environmental requirements and the RFS mandate, may affect future demand. A significant increase in supply beyond the RFS mandate could have an adverse impact on ethanol prices. Moreover, changes to RFS could negatively impact the price of ethanol or cause imported sugarcane ethanol to become more economical than domestic ethanol. Likewise, national, state and regional LCFS like that of California, Oregon, Brazil or Canada could be favorable or harmful to conventional ethanol, depending on how the regulations are crafted, enforced and modified.

Future demand may be influenced by economic incentives to blend based on the relative value of gasoline versus ethanol, taking into consideration the octane value of ethanol, environmental requirements and the value of RFS credits or RINs. A significant increase in supply beyond the RFS mandate could have an adverse impact on ethanol prices. Moreover, any changes to RFS, whether by legislation, EPA action or lawsuit, originating from issues associated with the market price of RINs could negatively impact the demand for ethanol, discretionary blending of ethanol and/or the price of ethanol. Prior actions by the EPA to grant SREs without accounting for the lost gallons, for example, resulted in lower RIN prices. Similarly, proposals to reduce annual RVO levels could also lead to lower RIN prices.

To the extent federal or state laws or regulations are modified and/or enacted, it may result in the demand for ethanol being reduced, which could negatively and materially affect our parent’s, and consequently our, financial performance.

Regulatory and/or railroad tariff changes may result in additional costs, equipment issues, service delays and/or facility improvements to satisfy customers' requirements to mitigate increased rail rates.

The U.S. ethanol industry has long relied on railroads to deliver its product to market. In 2015, the DOT announced final rules which call for enhanced tank car standards known as the DOT specification 117, or DOT-117 tank car, and establishes a schedule for retrofitting or replacing older tank cars carrying crude oil and ethanol. The rule also establishes new braking standards that are intended to reduce the severity of accidents. These regulations will result in upgrades or replacements of our railcars, and may have an adverse effect on our operations as lease costs for railcars may increase over the long term. The deadline for compliance with DOT specification 117 is May 1, 2023. As of September 30, 2022, approximately 74% of our 2,500 railcars were DOT 117 compliant. Our railcars are also subject to federally-mandated tank car requalification, which requires inspection, repairs and upgrades to our current railcar fleet every ten years. Due to these regulatory standards, as well as any potential modifications that may be issued in the future, existing railcars could be out of service for a period of time while such upgrades are made, tightening supply in an industry that is highly dependent on such railcars to transport its product. Since we cannot charge our customers for railcars that are out of service, a significant increase in out of service railcars could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to make distributions. Additionally, railroads may make tariff adjustments and specifically have modified their tariffs to incent larger unit trains that in some instances may require modifications to our terminals to accommodate these larger unit trains. Tariff changes of this nature may result in customers’ unwillingness to renew contracts with us if such improvements are not made. The foregoing could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to make distributions.

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Rail logistical or labor problems may delay the delivery of our customers’ products.

Rail labor issues or weather related incidents, particularly snow and flooding, can cause increased transit times and result in rail congestion at destinations. In the past, rail delays have caused some ethanol plants to slow or suspend production. If railroad performance is inadequate, we may face delays in shipping railcars to and from our parent’s ethanol production plants, which may affect our ability to transport product. Rail logistical problems due to circumstances outside of the control or us or our customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to make distributions.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Directors may surrender units when restricted unit awards are vested to satisfy income tax withholding obligations.

The following table lists the units that were surrendered during the third quarter of 2022:


Period	Total Number of Shares Withheld	Average Price per Share
July 1 - July 31	538	$	12.18
August 1 - August 31	—	—
September 1 - September 30	—	—
Total	538	$	12.18

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit No.			Description of Exhibit
10.1			Amendment No. 6 to Rail Transportation Services Agreement, dated August 16, 2022, by and between Green Plains Logistics LLC and Green Plains Trade Group LLC.
31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101			The following information from Green Plains Partners LP Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
104			The cover page from Green Plains Partners LP Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022, formatted in iXBRL.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		GREEN PLAINS PARTNERS LP
		(Registrant)

	By:	Green Plains Holdings LLC, its general partner

Date: November 3, 2022	By:	/s/ Todd A. Becker
		Todd A. Becker
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 3, 2022	By:	/s/ James E. Stark
		James E. Stark
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)