GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC. - Quarter Report: 2017 February (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

Commission file number 000-26331

GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(918) 583-7441

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to post and submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

Applicable only to corporate issuers:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:April 10, 2017 - 28,361,201

GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

For the Period Ended February 28, 2017

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the Nine Months Ended February 28(29),

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the Three Months Ended February 28(29),

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Nine Months Ended February 28(29),

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Financial Statements

In the opinion of Greystone Logistics, Inc. (“Greystone”), the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments and reclassifications, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly its financial position as of February 28, 2017, the results of its operations for the nine-month and three-month periods ended February 28(29), 2017 and 2016, and its cash flows for the nine-month periods ended February 28(29), 2017 and 2016. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 and the notes thereto included in Greystone’s Form 10-K for such period. The results of operations for the nine-months and three-month periods ended February 28(29), 2017 and 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year.

The consolidated financial statements of Greystone include its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Greystone Manufacturing, L.L.C. (“GSM”) and Plastic Pallet Production, Inc. (“PPP”), and the variable interest entity, Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C. (“GRE”). GRE owns two buildings located in Bettendorf, Iowa which are leased to GSM.

Note 2. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted-average effect of all common shares issued and outstanding and is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares used in the basic earnings per share calculation plus the number of common shares that would be issued assuming exercise or conversion of all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding.

Greystone excludes equity instruments from the calculation of diluted earnings per share if the effect of including such instruments is anti-dilutive, as follows:

The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the following periods:

Note 3. Inventory

Inventory consists of the following:

Note 4. Related Party Transactions

Yorktown Management & Financial Services, LLC

Yorktown Management & Financial Services, LLC (“Yorktown”), an entity wholly owned by Greystone’s CEO and President, owns and rents to Greystone (1) grinding equipment used to grind raw materials for Greystone’s pallet production and (2) extruders for pelletizing recycled plastic into pellets for resale and for use as raw material in the manufacture of pallets. GSM pays weekly rental fees to Yorktown of $22,500 for use of Yorktown’s grinding equipment and $5,000 for the use of Yorktown’s pelletizing equipment for which GSM paid Yorktown rental fees of $1,100,000 for the nine months ended February 28(29), 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Effective February 21, 2017, Greystone purchased certain production equipment from Yorktown for $1,500,340 which included a cash payment of $30,627 and the assumption of a note payable with First Bank in the amount of $1,469,713 with an interest rate of 1.45% above the prime rate of interest (5.2% at February 28, 2017), and a maturity of August 21, 2021. The note with First Bank is secured by the equipment. During the period from September 2016 through January 2016, Greystone rented this equipment from Yorktown for a total of $163,204.

In addition, Yorktown provides office space for Greystone in Tulsa, Oklahoma at a monthly rental of $2,200.

TriEnda Holdings, L.L.C.

TriEnda Holdings, L.L.C. (“TriEnda”) is a manufacturer of plastic pallets, protective packing and dunnage utilizing thermoform processing for which Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, serves TriEnda as the non-executive Chairman of the Board and is a partner in a partnership which has a majority ownership interest. Greystone charges a tolling fee for blending and pelletizing plastic resin using TriEnda’s equipment and raw materials. Revenue from TriEnda totaled $519,814 and $253,466 for the nine months ended February 28(29), 2017 and 2016, respectively. The account receivable from TriEnda at February 28, 2017 was $65,168.

The tolling service provided by Greystone generates a certain amount of scrap material which is purchased by Greystone. Purchases for the nine months ended February 28(29), 2017 and 2016 totaled $24,265 and $71,000, respectively. Greystone had accounts payable to TriEnda of $17,031 at February 28, 2017.

Green Plastic Pallets

Greystone sells plastic pallets to Green Plastic Pallets (“Green”), an entity that is owned by James Kruger, brother to Warren Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO. Greystone had sales to Green of $220,325 and $203,562 for the nine months ended February 28(29), 2017 and 2016, respectively. The account receivable due from Green at February 28, 2017 was $73,440.

Note 5. Debt

Debt as of February 28, 2017 and May 31, 2016 is as follows:

The prime rate of interest as of February 28, 2017 was 3.75%. The prime rate of interest changed to 4% effective March 16, 2017.

Loan Agreement between Greystone and IBC

On January 31, 2014, Greystone and GSM (the “Borrowers”) and International Bank of Commerce (“IBC”) entered into a Loan Agreement (the “IBC Loan Agreement”). The IBC Loan Agreement provides for a revolving loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $2,500,000 (the “Revolving Loan”) and a term loan in the aggregate principal amount of $9,200,000 (the “Term Loan”). The exact amount which can be borrowed under the Revolving Loan from time to time is dependent upon the amount of the borrowing base, but can in no event exceed $2,500,000.

On January 7, 2016, the Borrowers and IBC entered into the First Amendment to the IBC Loan Agreement (the “First Amendment”) whereby IBC made an additional term loan to Borrowers in the original principal amount of $2,530,072 (the “New Equipment Loan”). The New Equipment Loan and $2,917,422 of the principal amount outstanding on the Term Loan were consolidated into a new loan in the combined principal amount of $5,447,504 (the “Term Loan A”). The Term Loan’s remaining principal balance of $3,000,000 was deemed to be a separate term loan (the “Term Loan B”). Greystone’s board of directors approved compensation to Warren F. Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s board of directors, as the individual guarantors pursuant to the IBC Agreement, as amended. Messrs. Kruger and Rosene each recieved a cash payment of $65,000 and a warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of Greystone common stock for $0.01 per share as discussed further in Note 6. The cost of the compensation is accounted for as debt issue costs to be amortized over the remaining primary terms of the IBC notes.

The Term Loans A and B bear interest at the New York Prime Rate plus 0.5% but not less than 4.0% and mature January 7, 2019. The Borrowers are required to make equal monthly payments of principal and interest in such amounts sufficient to amortize the principal balance of (i) the Note A Term Loan over a seven year period beginning January 31, 2016 (currently $74,455 per month) and (ii) the Note B Term Loan over the three-year life of the loan (currently $88,790 per month).

The Revolving Loan bears interest at the New York Prime Rate plus 0.5% but not less than 4.0%. Effective December 12, 2016, the Revolving Loan was amended and restated to extend the maturity of the note to January 31, 2019. The Borrowers are required to pay all interest accrued on the outstanding principal balance of the Revolving Loan on a monthly basis. Any principal on the Revolving Loan that is prepaid by the Borrowers does not reduce the original amount available to the Borrowers.

The IBC Loan Agreement includes customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants which include (i) requiring the Borrowers to maintain a debt service coverage ratio of 1:25 to 1:00 and a funded debt to EBIDA ratio not exceeding 3:00 to 1:00 measured quarterly, (ii) subject to certain exceptions, limiting the Borrowers’ combined capital expenditures on fixed assets to $1,000,000 per year, (iii) prohibiting Greystone, without IBC’s prior written consent, from declaring or paying any dividends, redemptions of stock or membership interests, distributions and withdrawals (as applicable) in respect of its capital stock or any other equity interest, other than additional payments to holders of its preferred stock in an amount not to exceed $500,000 in any fiscal year, (iv) subject to certain exceptions, prohibiting the incurrence of additional indebtedness by the Borrowers, and (v) requiring the Borrowers to prevent (A) any change in capital ownership such that there is a material change in the direct or indirect ownership of (1) Greystone’s outstanding preferred stock, and (2) any equity interest in GSM, or (B) Warren Kruger from ceasing to be actively involved in the management of Greystone as President and/or Chief Executive Officer. The foregoing list of covenants is not exhaustive and there are several other covenants contained in the IBC Loan Agreement.

Greystone’s debt service coverage ratio as of February 28, 2017 was 0.95 to 1:00 which was less than the required minimum as discussed above. Effective December 12, 2016, the Borrowers and IBC entered into the Third Amendment to the IBC Loan Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) waiving this instance of noncompliance, and further removing the requirement to maintain the minimum debt service coverage ratio until the rolling test period ending February 28, 2018.

The IBC Loan Agreement includes customary events of default, including events of default relating to non-payment of principal and other amounts owing under the IBC Loan Agreement from time to time, inaccuracy of representations, violation of covenants, defaults under other agreements, bankruptcy and similar events, the death of a guarantor, certain material adverse changes relating to a Borrower or guarantor, certain judgments or awards against a Borrower, or government action affecting a Borrower’s or guarantor’s ability to perform under the IBC Loan Agreement or the related loan documents. Among other things, a default under the IBC Loan Agreement would permit IBC to cease lending funds under the IBC Loan Agreement, and require immediate repayment of any outstanding loans with interest and any unpaid accrued fees.

The IBC Loan Agreement is secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers. In addition, the IBC Loan Agreement is secured by a mortgage granted by GRE on the real property owned by GRE in Bettendorf, Iowa (the “Mortgage”). GRE is owned by Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a director of Greystone. Messrs. Kruger and Rosene have provided a combined limited guaranty of the Borrowers’ obligations under the IBC Loan Agreement, with such guaranty being limited to a combined amount of $6,500,000 (the “Guaranty”). The Mortgage and the Guaranty also secure or guaranty, as applicable, the obligations of GRE under the Loan Agreement between GRE and IBC dated January 31, 2014 as discussed in the following paragraph.

Loan Agreement between GRE and IBC

On January 31, 2014, GRE and IBC entered into a Loan Agreement which provided for a mortgage loan to GRE of $3,412,500. The loan provides for a 4.5% interest rate and a maturity of January 31, 2019 and is secured by a mortgage on the two buildings in Bettendorf, Iowa which are leased to Greystone.

Capital Lease with Private Pallet Leasing Company

In August, 2016, Greystone entered into a three-year lease agreement with a private pallet leasing company to provide for certain production equipment with a total cost of approximately $5.4 million. The lease agreement includes a bargain purchase option to acquire the production equipment at the end of the lease term. The lease is for two Milacron injection molding machines and two pallet molds designed and dedicated to production of 48X40 pallets (the “Pallets”) for the pallet leasing company. Monthly lease payments, estimated at approximately $100,000 per machine, are payable on a per invoice basis at the rate of $6.25 for each pallet produced by the leased production equipment and shipped to the leasing company. The lease bears an interest rate of 5%, has a three-year maturity and provides for minimum monthly lease rental payment based upon the total Pallets sold in excess of a specified amount not to exceed the monthly productive capacity of the leased machines.

The first of the Milacron machines was placed into service in August, 2016. The second machine was placed into service in September, 2016 under the same terms and conditions as the first machine. Maturities for the two years subsequent to February 28, 2017 for the capital lease are estimated to be $2,148,796 and $2,231,614.

Note Payable between Greystone and Robert B. Rosene, Jr.

Effective December 15, 2005, Greystone entered into an agreement with Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s board of directors, to convert $2,066,000 of advances into a note payable at 7.5% interest. Effective June 1, 2016, the note was restated (the “Restated Note”) to combine the outstanding principal, $2,066,000, and accrued interest, $2,475,690, into a note payable of $4,541,690. Effective April 10, 2017, Mr. Rosene agreed to an extended maturity date of January 15, 2019. The Restated Note provides that accrued interest is payable monthly and allows Greystone to use commercially reasonable efforts to pay such amounts as allowed by the IBC Loan Agreement against the interest accrued prior to the restatement.

Note Payable between Greystone and Yorktown Management Financial Services, LLC (“Yorktown”)

On February 29, 2016, Greystone entered into an unsecured note payable to Yorktown in the amount of $688,296 in connection with the acquisition of equipment from Yorktown. The note payable bears interest at the rate of 5% and is payable over three years with monthly principal and interest payments of $20,629.

Maturities

Maturities of Greystone’s long-term debt and capital leases for the five years subsequent to February 28, 2017 are $4,629,186, $16,962,065, $373,064, $379,791 and $337,944.

Note 6. Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

Effective September 1, 2016, Greystone’s board of directors authorized the issuance of warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Greystone’s common stock for $0.01 per share to each of Warren F. Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s board, as compensation for providing guarantees on Greystone’s debt with International Bank of Commerce. The warrants have a vesting period of two years and expire August 31, 2026. The issuance will be capitalized as debt issue cost as of the measurement date for approximately $120,000 and amortized over the remaining guaranty term.

The value of Greystone’s common stock on September 1, 2016 was $0.24 per share. The estimated fair value at the date of the grant for the warrants utilizing the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the assumptions that were used in the Black-Scholes option model for fiscal year 2017 are as follows:

Note 7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions are used in estimating the fair-value disclosures for financial instruments:

Debt: The carrying amount of loans with floating rates of interest approximate fair value. Fixed rate loans are valued based on cash flows using estimated rates of comparable loans. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet approximate fair value.

Note 8. Concentrations, Risks and Uncertainties

Greystone derived approximately 67% of its total sales from two customers (21% and 46% respectively) in fiscal year 2017 and approximately 41% (31% and 10%, respectively) in fiscal year 2016. The loss of a material amount of business from these customers could have a material adverse effect on Greystone.

Greystone purchases damaged pallets from its customers at a price based on the value of the raw material content in the pallet. A majority of these purchases, totaling $1,202,381 and $1,216,492 in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively, is from one of its major customers.

Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a Greystone director, has provided financing and guarantees on Greystone’s bank debt. As of February 28, 2017, Greystone is indebted to Mr. Rosene in the amount of $4,498,383 for a note payable due January 15, 2019. There is no assurance that Mr. Rosene will renew the note as of the maturity date.

Note 9. Commitment

As of February 28, 2017, Greystone had an outstanding commitment in the amount of $1.9 million toward the purchase of certain production equipment.

Note 10. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 14-09”) which creates a comprehensive set of guidelines for the recognition of revenue under the principle: “Recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The requirements of ASU 14-09 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017 and will require either retrospective application to each prior period presented or retrospective application with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of adoption. Greystone is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which is intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. The ASU will require organizations (“lessees”) that lease assets with lease terms of more than twelve months to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Organizations that own the assets leased by lessees (“lessors”) will remain largely unchanged from current GAAP. In addition, the ASU will require disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The effective date of this ASU is for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2018 and interim periods within that year. Greystone is currently reviewing the ASU to assess the potential impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which amends ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The objective of this amendment is part of the FASB’s Simplification Initiative as it applies to several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The effective date of the amendment is for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2016 and interim periods within that reporting period. Greystone is currently reviewing the ASU to assess the potential impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Results of Operations

General to All Periods

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include Greystone Logistics, Inc., its two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Greystone Manufacturing, L.L.C. (“GSM”) and Plastic Pallet Production, Inc. (“PPP”). Greystone also consolidates its variable interest entity, Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C. (“GRE”). All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

References to fiscal year 2017 refer to the nine-month and three-month periods ended February 28, 2017. References to fiscal year 2016 refer to the nine-month and three-month periods ended February 29, 2016.

Sales

Greystone’s primary focus is to provide quality plastic pallets to its existing customers while continuing its marketing efforts to broaden its customer base. Greystone’s existing customers are primarily located in the United States and engaged in the beverage, pharmaceutical and other industries. Greystone has generated and plans to continue to generate interest in its pallets by attending trade shows sponsored by industry segments that would benefit from Greystone’s products. Greystone hopes to gain wider product acceptance by marketing the concept that the widespread use of plastic pallets could greatly reduce the destruction of trees on a worldwide basis. Greystone’s marketing is conducted through contract distributors, its President and other employees.

Greystone derives a substantial portion of its revenue from two customers. One customer accounted for approximately 21% and 31% of Greystone’s total sales in fiscal year 2017 and 2016, respectively. The second customer accounted for 46% and 10% of Greystone’s total sales in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Personnel

Greystone had approximately 158 and 150 full-time employees as of February 28(29), 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Nine-Month Period Ended February 28, 2017 Compared to Nine-Month Period Ended February 29, 2016

Sales

Sales for fiscal year 2017 were $25,759,823 compared to $15,270,671 in fiscal year 2016 for an increase of $10,489,152. Pallet sales were $25,240,009 in fiscal year 2016 compared to $14,999,740 in fiscal year 2016 for an increase of $10,240,269. Other sales included tolling services of $519,814 in fiscal year 2017 and $270,931 in fiscal 2016.

Greystone has two major customers – a national brewer and a pallet leasing company. Sales to these major customers in fiscal year 2017 were 67% of total sales compared to 41% in fiscal year 2016. Sales to the national brewer were 21% and 31% in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. Sales to the pallet leasing company were 46% and 10% in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in pallet sales from fiscal year 2016 to 2017 was primarily due to increased sales to the pallet leasing company. Pallet sales to Greystone’s major customers are generally based on their need and may vary by period. Greystone cannot predict the future needs for these major customers and continues its marketing efforts toward new customers to broaden and diversify the customer base.

Due to Greystone’s increased demand for refined, recycled plastic resin in the manufacturing process for pallets, Greystone estimates that tolling services and sales of pelletized resin will be minimal, if any, in future periods.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales in fiscal year 2017 was $21,103,691, or 82% of sales, compared to $12,743,989, or 83% of sales, in fiscal year 2016. Greystone showed an improved ratio of cost of sales to sales (the “cost of sales ratio”) in fiscal year 2017 over fiscal year 2016 as well as the previously reported cost of sales ratio of 87% for the six-month period ended November 30, 2016.

As discussed herein in the comparison of the three-month period ended February 28, 2017 to the prior period, Greystone achieved a cost of sales ratio of 72% in fiscal year 2017 resulting principally by emerging from the production start-up phase for the pallet designed for the pallet leasing customer.

General, Selling and Administrative Expenses

General, selling and administrative expenses were $2,133,228 in fiscal year 2017 compared to $1,840,574 in fiscal year 2016 for an increase of $292,654, or approximately 16%. The increase is primarily due to increased activity from the substantial increase in sales and related operations in fiscal year 2017 compared to fiscal year 2016.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $832,887 in fiscal year 2017 compared to $619,481 in fiscal year 2016 for an increase of $213,406. This increase in interest expense in fiscal year 2017 over fiscal year 2016 is principally attributable to the increase in debt related to the acquisition of equipment to necessary to meet current demand for plastic pallets.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes was $556,700 and $(39,100) in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. The provision for income taxes does not include the income from the variable interest entity as the entity is not included in the income tax returns of Greystone and the taxable income of the entity is passed-through to the respective owners.

Based upon a review of its income tax filing positions, Greystone believes that its positions would be sustained upon an audit by the Internal Revenue Service and does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to its financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded.

Net Income

Greystone recorded net income of $1,133,317 in fiscal year 2017 compared to $105,727 in fiscal year 2016 primarily for the reasons discussed above.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders

Net income available to common stockholders for fiscal year 2017 was $697,337, or $0.02 per share, compared to a net loss available to common stockholders of $(314,263), or $(0.01) per share, in fiscal year 2016 primarily for the reasons discussed above.

Three-Month Period Ended February 28, 2017 Compared to Three-Month Period Ended February 29, 2016

Sales

Sales for fiscal year 2017 were $8,693,851 compared to $5,280,480 in fiscal year 2016 for an increase of $3,413,371. Pallet sales were $8,542,727 in fiscal year 2017 compared to $5,122,785 in fiscal year 2016 for an increase of $3,419,942. Other sales included tolling services of $151,124 in fiscal year 2017 and compared to $157,695 in fiscal year 2016.

Greystone has two major customers – a national brewer and a pallet leasing company. Sales to these major customers in fiscal year 2017 were 67% of total sales compared to 54% in fiscal year 2016. Sales to the national brewer were 14% and 32% in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. Sales to the pallet leasing company were 53% and 22% in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in pallet sales from fiscal year 2016 to 2017 was primarily due to increased sales to the pallet leasing company. Pallet sales to Greystone’s major customers are generally based on their need and may vary by period. Greystone cannot predict the future needs for these major customers and continues its marketing efforts toward new customers to broaden and diversify the customer base.

Due to the Greystone’s increased demand for refined, recycled plastic resin in the manufacturing process for pallets, Greystone estimates that tolling services and sales of pelletized resin will be minimal, if any, in future periods.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales in fiscal year 2017 was $6,234,807, or 72% of sales, compared to $4,574,839, or 87% of sales, in fiscal year 2016. The improved ratio of cost of sales to sales in fiscal year 2017 resulted principally by Greystone ability to emerge from the production start-up phase for the pallet designed for the pallet leasing customer.

General, Selling and Administrative Expenses

General, selling and administrative expenses were $745,924 in fiscal year 2017 compared to $601,106 in fiscal year 2016 for an increase of $144,818 or 24%. The increase is primarily due to increased activity from the substantial increase in sales and related operations in fiscal year 2017 compared to fiscal year 2016.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $290,087 in fiscal year 2017 compared to $232,105 in fiscal year 2016 for an increase of $57,982. This increase in interest expense in fiscal year 2017 over fiscal year 2016 is principally attributable to the increase in debt related to the acquisition of equipment to necessary to meet current demand for plastic pallets.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes was $502,150 and $(67,750) in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively. The provision for income taxes does not include the income from the variable interest entity as the entity is not included in the income tax returns of Greystone and the taxable income from this entity is passed-through to the respective owners.

Based upon a review of its income tax filing positions, Greystone believes that its positions would be sustained upon an audit by the Internal Revenue Service and does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to its financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded.

Net Income

Greystone recorded a net income of $920,883 in fiscal year 2017 compared to a net loss of $(59,820) in fiscal year 2016 primarily for the reasons discussed above.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders

The net income available to common stockholders for fiscal year 2017 was $773,667, or $0.03 per share, compared to a net loss of $(200,528), or $(0.01) per share, in fiscal year 2016 primarily for the reasons discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

A summary of cash flows for the nine-month period ended February 28, 2017 is as follows:

The contractual obligations of Greystone are as follows:

Greystone had a working capital deficit of $(2,897,949) at February 28, 2017. To provide for the funding to meet Greystone’s operating activities and contractual obligations as of February 28, 2017, Greystone will have to continue to produce positive operating results or explore various options including additional long-term debt and equity financing. However, there is no guarantee that Greystone will continue to create positive operating results or be able to raise sufficient capital to meet these obligations.

As discussed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, Greystone has loans with IBC which include a term loan with a maturity of January 7, 2019 and a revolving loan which expires January 31, 2019. The exact amount which can be borrowed under the revolving loan from time to time is dependent upon the amount of the borrowing base, but can in no event exceed $2,500,000.

Substantially all of the financing that Greystone has received through the last few fiscal years resulted from loans provided by certain officers and directors of Greystone and bank loans which are guaranteed by certain officers and directors of Greystone. Greystone continues to be dependent upon its officers and directors to provide and/or secure additional financing and there is no assurance that its officers and directors will continue to do so. As such, there is no assurance that funding will be available for Greystone to continue operations.

Greystone has 50,000 outstanding shares of cumulative 2003 Preferred Stock with a liquidation preference of $5,000,000 and a preferred dividend rate of the prime rate of interest plus 3.25%. Greystone does not anticipate that it will make cash dividend payments to any holders of its common stock unless and until the financial position of Greystone improves through increased revenues, another financing transaction or otherwise. Pursuant to the IBC Loan Agreement, as discussed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, Greystone may pay dividends on its preferred stock in an amount not to exceed $500,000 per year.

Forward Looking Statements and Material Risks

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes certain statements that may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are made in reliance on the safe harbor protections provided under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that Greystone expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future, including decreased costs, securing financing, the profitability of Greystone, potential sales of pallets or other possible business developments, are forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q could be affected by any of the following factors: Greystone’s prospects could be affected by changes in availability of raw materials, competition, rapid technological change and new legislation regarding environmental matters; Greystone may not be able to secure additional financing necessary to sustain and grow its operations; and a material portion of Greystone’s business is and will be dependent upon a few large customers and there is no assurance that Greystone will be able to retain such customers. These risks and other risks that could affect Greystone’s business are more fully described in Greystone’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016, which was filed on August 29, 2016. Actual results may vary materially from the forward-looking statements. Greystone undertakes no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Greystone carried out an evaluation under the supervision of Greystone’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Greystone’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based on an evaluation as of May 31, 2016, Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s Chief Executive Officer, and William W. Rahhal, Greystone’s Chief Financial Officer, identified two material weaknesses in Greystone’s internal control over financial reporting. As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, such material weaknesses had not been rectified. As a result of the continuation of these two material weaknesses, Greystone’s CEO and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Greystone’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at February 28, 2017.

During the nine-month period ended February 28, 2017, there were no changes in Greystone’s internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, Greystone’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

None.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Not applicable.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Index to Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.