GSI TECHNOLOGY INC - Quarter Report: 2022 December (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2022

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-33387

GSI Technology, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		77-0398779
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1213 Elko Drive

Sunnyvale, California 94089

(Address of principal executive offices, zip code)

(408) 331-8800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value	GSIT	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ◻		Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filer ⌧		Smaller reporting company ☒
		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2023: 24,685,059.

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GSI TECHNOLOGY, INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022


		Page

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	28

	PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	29
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
Item 6.	Exhibits	48
Signatures		49

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements

GSI TECHNOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


	December 31,		March 31,
	2022		2022

	(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	31,870	$	36,971
Short-term investments		3,331		6,992
Accounts receivable, net		3,644		4,518
Inventories		6,199		4,655
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,318		1,555
Total current assets		46,362		54,691
Property and equipment, net		6,995		7,359
Operating lease right-of-use assets		838		889
Long-term investments		—		3,345
Goodwill		7,978		7,978
Intangible assets, net		1,848		2,023
Deposits		127		137
Total assets	$	64,148	$	76,422
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Accounts payable ($4 and $32 to a related party)	$	1,556	$	1,474
Lease liabilities, current		500		537
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		5,088		6,850
Total current liabilities		7,144		8,861
Deferred tax liability		11		11
Lease liabilities, non-current		300		361
Contingent consideration, non-current		1,893		2,738
Total liabilities		9,348		11,971
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value authorized: 5,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: none		—		—
Common Stock: $0.001 par value authorized: 150,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 24,685,059 and 24,486,239 shares, respectively		25		24
Additional paid-in capital		55,438		53,083
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(145)		(154)
Retained earnings (deficit)		(518)		11,498
Total stockholders’ equity		54,800		64,451
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	64,148	$	76,422

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GSI TECHNOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

	(In thousands, except per share amounts)				(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net revenues	$	6,447	$	8,065	$	24,309	$	24,653
Cost of revenues ($4, $268, $201 and $349 to a related party)		2,741		3,603		9,636		11,232
Gross profit		3,706		4,462		14,673		13,421
Operating expenses:
Research and development		5,529		6,152		18,543		18,162
Selling, general and administrative		2,966		2,842		8,066		8,669
Total operating expenses		8,495		8,994		26,609		26,831
Loss from operations		(4,789)		(4,532)		(11,936)		(13,410)
Interest income, net		118		20		195		60
Other expense, net		(57)		(5)		(94)		(73)
Loss before income taxes		(4,728)		(4,517)		(11,835)		(13,423)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		84		64		181		(66)
Net loss	$	(4,812)	$	(4,581)	$	(12,016)	$	(13,357)
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.20)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.49)	$	(0.55)
Diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.49)	$	(0.55)
Weighted average shares used in per share calculations:
Basic		24,621		24,406		24,566		24,244
Diluted		24,621		24,406		24,566		24,244

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GSI TECHNOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Net loss	$	(4,812)	$	(4,581)	$	(12,016)	$	(13,357)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments		34		(29)		9		(60)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(4,778)	$	(4,610)	$	(12,007)	$	(13,417)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GSI TECHNOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)


						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Retained		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Earnings (Deficit)		Equity

Three months ended December 31, 2022	(In thousands, except share amounts)
Balance, September 30, 2022	24,553,753	$	25	$	54,560	$	(179)	$	4,294	$	58,700
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option plans	131,306		—		223		—		—		223
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		655		—		—		655
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(4,812)		(4,812)
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments	—		—		—		34		—		34
Balance, December 31, 2022	24,685,059	$	25	$	55,438	$	(145)	$	(518)	$	54,800


Three months ended December 31, 2021
Balance, September 30, 2021	24,328,128	$	24	$	50,858	$	(51)	$	19,090	$	69,921
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option plans	154,424		—		756		—		—		756
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		740		—		—		740
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(4,581)		(4,581)
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale investments	—		—		—		(29)		—		(29)
Balance, December 31, 2021	24,482,552	$	24	$	52,354	$	(80)	$	14,509	$	66,807


						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Retained		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Earnings (Deficit)		Equity

Nine months ended December 31, 2022	(In thousands, except share amounts)
Balance, March 31, 2022	24,486,239	$	24	$	53,083	$	(154)	$	11,498	$	64,451
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option plans	198,820		1		401		—		—		402
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		1,954		—		—		1,954
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(12,016)		(12,016)
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments	—		—		—		9		—		9
Balance, December 31, 2022	24,685,059	$	25	$	55,438	$	(145)	$	(518)	$	54,800


Nine months ended December 31, 2021
Balance, March 31, 2021	24,020,276	$	24	$	47,722	$	(20)	$	27,866	$	75,592
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option plans	462,276		—		2,353		—		—		2,353
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		2,279		—		—		2,279
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(13,357)		(13,357)
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale investments	—		—		—		(60)		—		(60)
Balance, December 31, 2021	24,482,552	$	24	$	52,354	$	(80)	$	14,509	$	66,807

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GSI TECHNOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021

	(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(12,016)	$	(13,357)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Allowance for doubtful accounts and other		(17)		(85)
Provision for excess and obsolete inventories		166		330
Non-cash lease expense		427		291
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(845)		68
Depreciation and amortization		763		752
Stock-based compensation		1,954		2,279
Amortization of premium on investments		15		59
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		891		702
Inventories		(1,710)		(723)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		247		(870)
Accounts payable		116		792
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(2,236)		(180)
Net cash used in operating activities		(12,245)		(9,942)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of investments		—		(7,163)
Maturities of short-term investments		7,000		7,384
Purchases of property and equipment		(258)		(541)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		6,742		(320)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock plans		402		2,353
Net cash provided by financing activities		402		2,353
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(5,101)		(7,909)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period		36,971		44,234
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	31,870	$	36,325
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment through accounts payable and accruals	$	—	$	26
Operating lease right-of-use assets exchanged for lease obligations		376		174
Supplemental cash flow information:
Net cash paid for income taxes	$	139	$	54

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GSI TECHNOLOGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1—THE COMPANY AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of GSI Technology, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“GSI” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, the interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. These interim financial statements contain all adjustments (which consist of only normal, recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to state fairly the interim financial information included therein. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information not misleading. However, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

The consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the fiscal 2022 condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the fiscal 2023 presentation.

Significant accounting policies

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies that were disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

Risk and uncertainties

The COVID-19 global pandemic has affected the business activities of the Company, its customers, suppliers and other business partners. Governments in affected regions have implemented, and may continue to implement, safety precautions including quarantines, travel restrictions, business closures, cancellations of public gatherings and other measures as they deem necessary. Many organizations and individuals, including the Company and its employees, took additional steps to avoid or reduce infection, including limiting travel and working from home. These measures have disrupted normal business operations and have had significant negative impacts on businesses and financial markets worldwide.

The Company continues to monitor its operations and government recommendations and has made modifications to its normal operations because of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, aside from supply chain shortages from the lengthening of lead times for wafers and assembly services and the impact of ongoing and expected price increases, including a 20% increase in the cost of wafers received in early calendar 2022 and a 6% increase in early calendar 2023, the Company has experienced minimal impact, and continues to experience minimal impact, on its manufacturing operations in Taiwan. Final testing of the Company’s products is conducted in house in both the US and Taiwan. The Company’s revenues were impacted by changes in customer buying patterns and communication limitations related to COVID-19 restrictions that required a significant number of its customer contacts to work from home. The Company’s results for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 demonstrated the challenges that the Company has faced during the COVID-19 global pandemic, which has restricted the activities of the Company’s sales force and distributors, reduced customer demand and

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caused the postponement of investment in certain customer sectors. These challenges have also impacted the Company as it entered new markets and engaged with target customers to sell its new APU product. Industry conferences and on-site training workshops, which are typically used for building a sales pipeline, were limited, and continue to be limited due to COVID-19 related restrictions. The Company adapted its sales strategies for the COVID-19 environment, where it could not do face-to-face meetings and conduct secure meetings with government and defense customers. In addition to the continuing COVID-19 global pandemic, the recent military conflict in Ukraine, the rapid rise in energy prices, worldwide inflationary pressures, rising interest rates and decline in the global economic environment may have an adverse impact on the Company’s business and financial condition.

The Company believes that during the next 12 months the COVID-19 global pandemic could impact general economic activity and demand in its end markets. Although the Company cannot estimate the length or gravity of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, if the pandemic continues, it will have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, including potential impairments, and liquidity in fiscal year 2023. The Company has made estimates of the impact of COVID-19 within its condensed consolidated financial statements and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods that could be material.

Accounting pronouncements not yet effective for fiscal 2023

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. For trade and other receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, the Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted beginning April 1, 2019. Application of the amendments is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2—REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

The majority of the Company’s customer contracts, which may be in the form of purchase orders, contracts or purchase agreements, contain performance obligations for delivery of agreed upon products. Delivery of all performance obligations contained within a contract with a customer typically occurs at the same time (or within the same accounting period). Transfer of control typically occurs at the point at which delivery has occurred, title and the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer, and the Company has a right to payment. For all transactions apart from consignment sales, the Company will generally recognize revenue upon shipment of the product. For consignment sales, which are infrequent, revenue is recognized at the time that the product is pulled from consignment warehouses.

Because all of the Company’s performance obligations relate to contracts with a duration of less than one year, the Company has elected to apply the optional exemption practical expedient and, therefore, is not required to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period.

The Company adjusts the transaction price for variable consideration. Variable consideration is not typically significant and primarily results from stock rotation rights and quick pay discounts provided to certain distributors. As a practical expedient, the Company is recognizing the incremental costs of obtaining a contract,

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specifically commission expenses that have a period of benefit of less than twelve months, as an expense when incurred. Additionally, the Company has adopted an accounting policy to recognize shipping costs that occur after control transfers to the customer as a fulfillment activity.

The Company’s contracts with customers do not typically include extended payment terms. Payment terms vary by contract type and type of customer and generally range from 30 to 60 days from shipment. Additionally, the Company has right to payment upon shipment.

The Company records revenue net of sales tax, value added tax, excise tax and other taxes collected concurrent with product sales. The impact of such taxes on products sales is immaterial. The Company has also elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over the products sold passes to customers and revenue is recognized.

The Company warrants its products to be free of defects generally for a period of three years. The Company estimates its warranty costs based on historical warranty claim experience and includes such costs in cost of revenues. Warranty costs and the accrued warranty liability were not material as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from sales of SRAM products, which represent approximately 98% and 96% of total revenues in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively and 97% and 98% of total revenues in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Nokia, the Company’s largest customer, purchases products directly from the Company and through contract manufacturers and distributors. Based on information provided to the Company by its contract manufacturers and distributors, purchases by Nokia represented approximately 20% and 24% of the Company’s net revenues in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 16% and 31% of the Company’s net revenues in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

See “Note 12 — Segment and Geographic Information” for revenue by shipment destination.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by customer type.


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Contract manufacturers	$	1,391	$	2,295	$	4,597	$	8,146
Distribution		4,992		5,668		19,110		15,877
OEMs		64		102		602		630
	$	6,447	$	8,065	$	24,309	$	24,653

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NOTE 3—NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE

The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the weighted average shares used in computing diluted net loss per share. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

	(In thousands, except per share amounts)				(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net loss	$	(4,812)	$	(4,581)	$	(12,016)	$	(13,357)

Denominators:
Weighted average shares—Basic		24,621		24,406		24,566		24,244
Dilutive effect of employee stock options		—		—		—		—
Dilutive effect of employee stock purchase plan options		—		—		—		—
Weighted average shares—Dilutive		24,621		24,406		24,566		24,244
Net loss per common share—Basic	$	(0.20)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.49)	$	(0.55)
Net loss per common share—Diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.49)	$	(0.55)

The following shares of common stock underlying outstanding stock options, determined on a weighted average basis, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they had an anti-dilutive effect:


	Three Months Ended December 31,		Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022	2021	2022	2021

	(In thousands)		(In thousands)
Shares underlying options and ESPP shares	8,797	6,552	8,492	6,136

NOTE 4—BALANCE SHEET DETAIL



	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022

	(In thousands)
Inventories:
Work-in-progress	$	3,738	$	3,085
Finished goods		2,452		1,555
Inventory at distributors		9		15
	$	6,199	$	4,655



	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022

	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, net:
Accounts receivable	$	3,708	$	4,599
Less: Allowances for doubtful accounts and other		(64)		(81)
	$	3,644	$	4,518



	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022

	(In thousands)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:
Prepaid tooling and masks	$	503	$	68
Other receivables		167		226
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets		648		1,261
	$	1,318	$	1,555

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	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022

	(In thousands)
Property and equipment, net:
Computer and other equipment	$	18,593	$	18,415
Software		4,428		4,425
Land		3,900		3,900
Building and building improvements		3,738		3,735
Furniture and fixtures		102		102
Leasehold improvements		910		878
		31,671		31,455
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(24,676)		(24,096)
	$	6,995	$	7,359

Depreciation expense was $195,000 and $193,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $588,000 and $577,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The following tables summarize the components of intangible assets and related accumulated amortization balances at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets:
Product designs	$	590	$	(590)	$	—
Patents		4,220		(2,372)		1,848
Software		80		(80)		—
Total	$	4,890	$	(3,042)	$	1,848


	As of March 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets:
Product designs	$	590	$	(590)	$	—
Patents		4,220		(2,197)		2,023
Software		80		(80)		—
Total	$	4,890	$	(2,867)	$	2,023

Amortization of intangible assets included in cost of revenues was $58,000 for each of the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and $175,000 for each of the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Company reviews identifiable amortizable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on the lowest level of identifiable estimated undiscounted cash flows resulting from use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss is based on the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. The Company identified a potential impairment indicator for the finite lived intangible assets and performed a recoverability test by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset group to the carrying amount as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022. The result of the recoverability tests indicated that the sum of the expected future cash flows was greater than the carrying amount of the finite lived intangible assets. Based on the uncertainty of forecasts inherent with a new product, events such as the failure to generate forecasted revenue from the APU product could result in a non-cash impairment charge in future periods.

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As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets in the table above is as follows (in thousands):


Fiscal year ending March 31,
2023 (remaining three months)	$	59
2024		233
2025		233
2026		233
2027		233
Thereafter		857
Total	$	1,848



	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022

	(In thousands)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
Accrued compensation	$	3,636	$	5,524
Accrued commissions		231		232
Income taxes payable		160		127
Miscellaneous accrued expenses		1,061		967
	$	5,088	$	6,850

On November 30, 2022, the Company announced cost reduction initiatives which included an approximate 15% reduction in the Company’s global workforce. The Company incurred $0.3 million in severance related charges during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 including $0.1 million recorded as cost of revenues and $0.2 million recorded as selling, general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company expects to incur an additional $0.3 million in severance related charges during the three months ending March 31, 2023. There were no severance charges accrued as of December 31, 2022 as the terms of the severance benefits have not been communicated to employees expected to be impacted. There was no accrued severance as of March 31, 2022 and there were no severance charges incurred during the year ended March 31, 2022.

NOTE 5—GOODWILL

Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. The Company tests for goodwill impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset is more likely than not impaired. The Company has one reporting unit. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on the last day of February in the fourth quarter of its fiscal year.

Goodwill Impairment Test

The Company had a goodwill balance of $8.0 million as of both December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022. The goodwill resulted from the acquisition of MikaMonu Group Ltd. in fiscal 2016. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, management identified a sustained decline in the Company’s stock price that resulted in the Company’s market capitalization being below the carrying value of its stockholders’ equity. The Company concluded the sustained decline in its stock price was a triggering event and proceeded with a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment. The quantitative impairment assessment was performed as of December 1, 2022, utilizing an equal weighting of the income approach and market comparable approach. The analysis required the comparison of the Company’s carrying value with its fair value, with an impairment recorded for any excess of carrying value over the fair value. The income approach utilized a discounted cash flow analysis to determine the fair value of the Company’s single reporting unit. Key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis included, but are not limited to, a discount rate of approximately 23.5% to account for risk in achieving the forecast and a terminal growth rate for cash flows of 3.0%. The market comparable method was used to determine the fair value of the reporting unit by multiplying forecasted revenue by a market multiple. The revenue market multiple was calculated by comparing the enterprise value to revenue for comparable companies in the semiconductor industry and then

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applying a control premium. The equal weighting of the income approach and the market comparable method was then reconciled to the market approach. The market approach was calculated by multiplying the average closing share price of the Company’s common stock for the 30 days prior to the measurement date, by the number of outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock and adding a control premium that reflected the premium a hypothetical buyer might pay. The control premium was estimated using historical acquisition transactions in the semiconductor industry over the past five years. The results of the quantitative analysis performed indicated the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. As a result, the Company concluded there was no goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2022.

A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the income approach and the market comparable method. The income approach assumes the future cash flows reflect market expectations. The market comparable method requires an estimate of a revenue market multiple and an appropriate control premium. These fair value measurements require significant judgements using Level 3 inputs, such as discounted cash flows from operations and revenue forecasts, which are not observable from the market, directly or indirectly. There is uncertainty in the projected future cash flows used in the Company’s impairment analysis, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions. If actual performance does not achieve the projections, if there is a further decline in the Company’s stock price, or if the assumptions used in the analysis change in the future, the Company may be required to recognize impairment charges in future periods. Key assumptions in the market approach include determining the control premium. The Company believes its procedures for determining fair value are reasonable and consistent with current market conditions as of December 31, 2022.

NOTE 6—INCOME TAXES

The current portion and long-term portion of the Company’s income tax liability related to unrecognized tax benefits was $0 at both December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, $3.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits had been recorded as a reduction to net deferred tax assets. Due to historical losses in the United States, the Company has a full valuation allowance on its United States federal and state deferred tax assets. Management continues to evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance.

Management believes that within the next twelve months the Company will not have a significant reduction in uncertain tax benefits, including interest and penalties, related to positions taken with respect to credits and loss carryforwards on previously filed tax returns.

The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various state and foreign jurisdictions. Fiscal years 2013 through 2022 remain open to examination by federal tax authorities, and fiscal years 2012 through 2022 remain open to examination by California tax authorities. Fiscal years 2020, 2021 and 2022 are subject to audit by the Israeli tax authorities.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company incurred income tax expense (benefit) of $181,000 and ($66,000) on net losses before income taxes of ($11.8 million) and ($13.4 million), respectively. The provision (benefit) was calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method. The Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rate, including discrete items, was approximately (2.16%) and 0.28% as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The annual effective tax rates as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 vary from the United States statutory income tax rate primarily due to valuation allowances in the United States, whereby pre-tax losses do not result in the recognition of corresponding income tax benefits and expenses and the foreign tax differential.

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NOTE 7—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value measurements

Authoritative accounting guidance for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and related disclosures. The guidance applies to all financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis. The guidance requires fair value measurement to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. The fair value of available-for-sale securities included in the Level 1 category is based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market. As of December 31, 2022, the Level 1 category included money market funds of $12.3 million, which were included in cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Level 2: Valuations based on observable inputs (other than Level 1 prices), such as quoted prices for similar assets at the measurement date; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly. The fair value of available-for-sale securities included in the Level 2 category is based on the market values obtained from an independent pricing service that were evaluated using pricing models that vary by asset class and may incorporate available trade, bid and other market information and price quotes from well-established independent pricing vendors and broker-dealers. As of December 31, 2022, the Level 2 category included short-term investments of $3.3 million, which were comprised of certificates of deposit, government and agency securities.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and involve management judgment and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participants and pricing. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the contingent consideration liability related to the acquisition of MikaMonu. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability was initially determined as of the acquisition date using unobservable inputs. These inputs included the estimated amount and timing of future cash flows, the probability of success (achievement of the various contingent events) and a risk-adjusted discount rate of approximately 14.8% used to adjust the probability-weighted cash flows to their present value. Significant increases (decreases) to the estimated amount and timing of future cash flows or the probability of success would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Conversely, a significant increase or (decrease) in the risk-adjusted discount rate would result in a significantly (lower) higher fair value measurement. Generally, changes used in the assumptions for future cash flows and probability of success would be accompanied by a directionally similar change in the fair value measurement and expense. Conversely, changes in the risk-adjusted discount rate would be accompanied by a directionally opposite change in the related fair value measurement and expense. Subsequent to the acquisition date, at each reporting period, the contingent consideration liability is re-measured to fair value with changes recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the most recent re-measurement of the contingent consideration liability as of December 31, 2022, the Company used a risk-adjusted discount rate of approximately 15.5% to adjust the probability-weighted cash flows to their present value using probabilities ranging from 20% to 90% for the remaining contingent events. The contingent consideration liability is included in contingent consideration, non-current on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022 in the amount of $1.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively.

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The fair value of financial assets measured on a recurring basis is as follows (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical Assets		Observable		Unobservable
			and Liabilities		Inputs		Inputs
	December 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	12,336	$	12,336	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities		3,331		—		3,331		—
Total	$	15,667	$	12,336	$	3,331	$	—

Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	1,893	$	—	$	—	$	1,893


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical Assets		Observable		Unobservable
			and Liabilities		Inputs		Inputs
	March 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	16,142	$	16,142	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities		10,337		—		10,337		—
Total	$	26,479	$	16,142	$	10,337	$	—

Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	$	2,738	$	—	$	—	$	2,738

The following table sets forth the changes in fair value of contingent consideration for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:


	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021

	(In thousands)
Contingent consideration, beginning of period	$	2,738	$	4,225
Change due to accretion		169		68
Re-measurement of contingent consideration		(1,014)		—
Contingent consideration, end of period	$	1,893	$	4,293

Short-term and long-term investments

All of the Company’s short-term and long-term investments are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale debt securities with maturities greater than twelve months are classified as long-term investments when they are not intended for use in current operations. Investments in available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value with unrecognized gains (losses), net of tax, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had money market funds of $12.3 million and $16.1 million at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively, included in cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company monitors its investments for impairment periodically and records appropriate reductions in carrying values when declines are determined to be other-than-temporary.

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The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale investments:


	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

	(In thousands)
Short-term investments:
Certificates of deposit	$	1,750	$	—	$	(27)	$	1,723
Supranational obligations		653		—		(24)		629
Agency bonds		999		—		(20)		979
Total short-term investments	$	3,402	$	—	$	(71)	$	3,331


	March 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
			Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

	(In thousands)
Short-term investments:
Certificates of deposit	$	4,000	$	—	$	(11)	$	3,989
Supranational obligations		1,007		—		(7)		1,000
Agency bonds		2,011		—		(8)		2,003
Total short-term investments	$	7,018	$	—	$	(26)	$	6,992
Long-term investments:
Certificates of deposit	$	1,750	$	—	$	(18)	$	1,732
Supranational obligations		651		—		(17)		634
Agency bonds		997		—		(18)		979
Total long-term investments	$	3,398	$	—	$	(53)	$	3,345

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investments with unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively.


	December 31, 2022
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
		Value		Loss		Value		Loss		Value		Loss

	(In thousands)
Certificates of deposit	$	985	$	(15)	$	738	$	(12)	$	1,723	$	(27)
Agency bonds		—		—		979		(20)		979		(20)
Supranational obligations		—		—		629		(24)		629		(24)
	$	985	$	(15)	$	2,346	$	(56)	$	3,331	$	(71)


	March 31, 2022
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
		Value		Loss		Value		Loss		Value		Loss

	(In thousands)
Certificates of deposit	$	4,974	$	(26)	$	246	$	(3)	$	5,220	$	(29)
Agency bonds		2,982		(26)		—		—		2,982		(26)
Supranational obligations		1,634		(24)		—		—		1,634		(24)
	$	9,590	$	(76)	$	246	$	(3)	$	9,836	$	(79)

The Company’s investment portfolio consists of both corporate and governmental securities that have a maximum maturity of three years. All unrealized gains and losses are due to changes in interest rates and bond

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yields. Subject to normal credit risks, the Company has the ability to realize the full value of all these investments upon maturity.

The deferred tax asset related to unrecognized gains and losses on short-term and long-term investments was $19,000 and $22,000 at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, contractual maturities of the Company’s available-for-sale investments were as follows:


			Fair
	Cost		Value

	(In thousands)
Maturing within one year	$	3,402	$	3,331
Maturing in one to three years		—		—
	$	3,402	$	3,331

The Company classifies its short-term investments as “available-for-sale” as they are intended to be available for use in current operations.

NOTE 8—LEASES

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices, research and development facilities, certain equipment and software. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of 8 months to 52 months, some of which include options to extend for up to 5 years.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:


	As of		As of
	December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022

	(In thousands)
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	838	$	889

Lease liabilities-current	$	500	$	537
Lease liabilities-non-current		300		361
Total operating lease liabilities	$	800	$	898

The following table provides the details of lease costs:


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	146	$	98	$	446	$	325
Short-term lease cost		8		84		23		197
	$	154	$	182	$	469	$	522

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The following table provides other information related to leases:


	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021

	(In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	443	$	329

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
Operating leases	$	376	$	174

Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases		2.46		2.00

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases		4.36%		4.33%

The following table provides the maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022:


	Operating Lease
	Liabilities
Fiscal Year	(In thousands)
2023 (Remaining three months)	$	145
2024		431
2025		84
2026		86
2027		89
Thereafter		8
Total undiscounted future cash flows		843
Less: Imputed interest		(43)
Present value of undiscounted future cash flows	$	800

Presentation on statement of financial position
Current	$	500
Non-current	$	300

NOTE 9—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Indemnification obligations

The Company is a party to a variety of agreements pursuant to which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Typically, these obligations arise in the context of contracts entered into by the Company, under which the Company agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations and covenants related to such matters as title to assets sold and certain intellectual property rights. In each of these circumstances, payment by the Company is conditioned on the other party making a claim pursuant to the procedures specified in the particular contract, which procedures typically allow the Company to challenge the other party’s claims. Further, the Company’s obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time and/or amount, and in some instances, the Company may have recourse against third parties for certain payments made by it under these agreements.

It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments that may be required under these or similar agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts and

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circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not had a material effect on its business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

NOTE 10—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

As of December 31, 2022, 3,528,901 shares of common stock were available for grant under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activities for the nine months ended December 31, 2022:


			Weighted
		Number of Shares	Average	Weighted
	Shares	Underlying	Remaining	Average
	Available for	Options	Contractual	Exercise		Intrinsic
	Grant	Outstanding	Life (Years)	Price		Value
Balance at March 31, 2022	4,535,663	8,590,675		$	6.07
Granted	(1,420,537)	1,420,537		$	3.10
Exercised	—	—		$	—	$	—
Forfeited	413,775	(1,057,642)		$	5.50
Balance at December 31, 2022	3,528,901	8,953,570	5.67	$	5.66
Options vested and exercisable		5,542,959	3.89	$	6.03	$	—
Options vested and expected to vest		8,850,150	5.63	$	5.68	$	—

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, all relating to employee stock plans:


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

	(In Thousands)				(In Thousands)
Cost of revenues	$	54	$	58	$	163	$	192
Research and development		328		416		1,069		1,304
Selling, general and administrative		273		266		722		783
Total	$	655	$	740	$	1,954	$	2,279

NOTE 11—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTION

The Company incurred non-recurring engineering service expense and production charges of approximately $201,000 and $349,000 during the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, from Wistron Neweb Corp (“WNC”) in connection with the manufacturing of single-APU PCIe boards, to be used in the Company’s in-place associative computing product. Haydn Hsieh, a member of the Company’s board of directors, is the Chairman and Chief Strategy Officer of WNC. The amount owed to WNC, of $4,000 and $32,000 at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively, is included in accounts payable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NOTE 12—SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Based on its operating management and financial reporting structure, the Company has determined that it has one reportable business segment: the design, development and sale of integrated circuits.

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The following is a summary of net revenues by geographic area based on the location to which product is shipped:


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021

	(In thousands)				(In thousands)
United States	$	3,048	$	3,217	$	11,649	$	11,659
China		201		560		1,399		1,190
Singapore		829		1,346		4,339		4,377
Netherlands		1,041		1,441		2,498		3,889
Germany		1,167		1,041		3,618		2,431
Rest of the world		161		460		806		1,107
	$	6,447	$	8,065	$	24,309	$	24,653

All sales are denominated in United States dollars.

Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in particular the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “will,” and other similar expressions. In addition, any statements which refer to expectations, projections, or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including those set forth in this report under “Risk Factors,” those described elsewhere in this report, and those described in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements after the filing of this report. You are urged to review carefully and consider our various disclosures in this report and in our other reports publicly disclosed or filed with the SEC that attempt to advise you of the risks and factors that may affect our business.

Overview

We are a leading provider of semiconductor memory solutions for in-place associative computing applications in high growth markets such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and high-performance computing (“HPC”), including natural language processing and computer vision. Our initial associative processing unit (“APU”) products are focused on applications using similarity search. Similarity search is used in visual search queries for ecommerce, computer vision, drug discovery, cyber security and service markets such as NoSQL, Elasticsearch, and OpenSearch. We also design, develop and market static random access memories, or SRAMs, that operate at speeds of less than 10 nanoseconds, which we refer to as Very Fast SRAMs, primarily for the networking and telecommunications and the military/defense and aerospace markets. We are subject to the highly cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, which has experienced significant fluctuations, often in connection with fluctuations in demand for the products in which semiconductor devices are used. Our revenues have been substantially impacted by significant fluctuations in sales to our largest customer, Nokia. We expect that future direct and indirect sales to Nokia will continue to fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis. The networking and telecommunications market has accounted for a significant portion of our net revenues in the past and has declined during the past several years and is expected to continue to decline. In anticipation of the decline of the networking and telecommunications market, we have been using the revenue generated by the sales of high-speed synchronous SRAM products to finance the development of our new in-place associative computing solutions and the marketing and sale of new types of SRAM products such as radiation-hardened and radiation-tolerant SRAMs. However, with no debt and sufficient liquidity, we believe we are in a better financial position than many other companies of our size.

Since 2020, the COVID-19 global pandemic has affected the business activities of the Company, its customers, its suppliers and its other business partners. Governments have implemented, and may continue to

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implement, safety precautions including quarantines, travel restrictions, business closures, cancellations of public gatherings and other measures as they deem necessary. Many organizations and individuals, including the Company and our employees, are taking additional steps to avoid or reduce infection, including limiting travel and working from home. These measures have disrupted normal business operations and have had significant negative impacts on businesses and financial markets worldwide. While originally expected to be temporary, these disruptions negatively impacted our revenue, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity in fiscal year 2021 and fiscal 2022, and are expected to continue to negatively impact us through at least the end of calendar 2023.

We continue to monitor our operations and government recommendations and have made modifications to our normal operations because of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, aside from supply chain shortages from the lengthening of lead times for wafers and assembly services and the impact of ongoing and expected price increases from suppliers, including a 20% increase in the cost of wafers received in early calendar 2022 and a 6% increase in early calendar 2023, we have experienced minimal impact, and continue to experience minimal impact, on our manufacturing operations in Taiwan. Final testing of our product is conducted in house. Our revenues were impacted by changes in customer buying patterns and communication limitations related to COVID-19 restrictions that required a significant number of our customer contacts to work from home. Our results for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2021 and 2022 demonstrated the challenges that we have faced during the COVID-19 global pandemic, which restricted the activities of our sales force and distributors, reduced customer demand and caused the postponement of investment in certain customer sectors. These challenges impacted us as we entered new markets and engaged with target customers to sell our new APU product. Industry conferences and on-site training workshops, which are typically used for building a sales pipeline, were limited, and continue to be limited, due to COVID-19 related restrictions. We adapted our sales strategies for the COVID-19 environment, where we could not have face-to-face meetings and conduct secure meetings with government and defense customers. In addition to the continuing COVID-19 global pandemic, the recent military conflict in Ukraine, the rapid rise in energy prices, worldwide inflationary pressures, rising interest rates and decline in the global economic environment may have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.

As of December 31, 2022, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments of $35.2 million, with no debt. We have a team in-place with tremendous depth and breadth of experience and knowledge, with a legacy business that is providing an ongoing source of funding for the development of new product lines. We have a strong balance sheet and liquidity position that we anticipate will provide financial flexibility and security in the current environment of economic uncertainty with no current expectations of additional cash infusions required. Generally, our primary source of liquidity is cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our level of cash equivalents and short-term investments has historically been sufficient to meet our current and longer term operating and capital needs. We believe that during the next 12 months, continued inflationary pressures and rising interest rates, will continue to negatively impact general economic activity and demand in our end markets. In addition, supply chain constraints have had an impact on our ability to fulfill all of our orders. While there has been some improvement in the supply chain, the situation remains fluid, and we do not expect significant relief from these constraints through at least the end of fiscal 2023. Although it is difficult to estimate the length or gravity of the continued inflationary pressures and rising interest rates and the decline in the global economic environment, it is expected to have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, including potential impairments, and liquidity in calendar year 2023.

In November 2022, we announced measures taken to reduce our operating expenses by approximately $7.0 million on an annualized basis, primarily from salary reductions related to reduced headcount and salary decreases for certain retained employees, as well as targeted reductions in research and development spending. These strategic cost reduction measures are expected to enable us to better focus on our operational resources on advancing our proprietary APU technology. None of the Gemini-II chip development and core APU software development, including the APU compiler, will be affected by the reduction in R&D spending. The APU marketing, sales, and APU engineering efforts will retain priority in the budget. The planned spending reductions will not impact the launch of Gemini-I in target markets, including SAR, search, and SaaS. The cost reduction initiative is expected to be completed by March 31, 2023 and will result in an approximate 15% decrease in our global workforce. We expect to incur approximately $850,000 in cash expenditures for termination costs, including the payout of accrued vacation, most of which are expected to be incurred in the current fiscal 2023.

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Revenues. Our revenues are derived primarily from sales of our Very Fast SRAM products. Sales to networking and telecommunications OEMs accounted for 49% to 53% of our net revenues during our last three fiscal years. We also sell our products to OEMs that manufacture products for military and aerospace applications such as radar and guidance systems, missiles and satellites, for test and measurement applications such as high-speed testers, for automotive applications such as smart cruise control, and for medical applications such as ultrasound and CAT scan equipment.

As is typical in the semiconductor industry, the selling prices of our products generally decline over the life of the product. Our ability to increase net revenues, therefore, is dependent upon our ability to increase unit sales volumes of existing products and to introduce and sell new products with higher average selling prices in quantities sufficient to compensate for the anticipated declines in selling prices of our more mature products. Although we expect the average selling prices of individual products to decline over the next several years, we believe that, over the next several quarters, our overall average selling prices will increase due to a continuing shift in product mix to a higher percentage of higher price, higher density products, and to a lesser extent, recent price increases to our customers due to supply constraints. Our ability to increase unit sales volumes is dependent primarily upon increases in customer demand but, particularly in periods of increasing demand, can also be affected by our ability to increase production through the availability of increased wafer fabrication capacity from TSMC, our wafer supplier, and our ability to increase the number of good integrated circuit die produced from each wafer through die size reductions and yield enhancement activities.

We may experience fluctuations in quarterly net revenues for a number of reasons. Historically, orders on hand at the beginning of each quarter are insufficient to meet our revenue objectives for that quarter and are generally cancelable up to 30 days prior to scheduled delivery. Accordingly, we depend on obtaining and shipping orders in the same quarter to achieve our revenue objectives. In addition, the timing of product releases, purchase orders and product availability could result in significant product shipments at the end of a quarter. Failure to ship these products by the end of the quarter may adversely affect our operating results. Furthermore, our customers may delay scheduled delivery dates and/or cancel orders within specified timeframes without significant penalty.

We sell our products through our direct sales force, international and domestic sales representatives and distributors. Our revenues have been and are expected to continue to be impacted by changes in customer buying patterns and communication limitations related to COVID-19 restrictions that require a significant number of our customer contacts to continue to work from home. The majority of our customer contracts, which may be in the form of purchase orders, contracts or purchase agreements, contain performance obligations for delivery of agreed upon products. Delivery of all performance obligations contained within a contract with a customer typically occurs at the same time (or within the same accounting period). Transfer of control typically occurs at the time of shipment or at the time the product is pulled from consignment as that is the point at which delivery has occurred, title and the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer, and we have a right to payment. Thus, we will generally recognize revenue upon shipment of the product. Sales to consignment warehouses, who purchase products from us for use by contract manufacturers, are recorded upon delivery to the contract manufacturer.

Nokia was our largest customer in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. Nokia purchases products directly from us and through contract manufacturers and distributors. Based on information provided to us by its contract manufacturers and our distributors, purchases by Nokia represented approximately 16%, 29%, 39% and 38% of our net revenues in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our revenues have been substantially impacted by significant fluctuations in sales to Nokia, and we expect that future direct and indirect sales to Nokia will continue to fluctuate substantially on a quarterly basis and that such fluctuations may significantly affect our operating results in future periods. To our knowledge, none of our other OEM customers accounted for more than 10% of our net revenues in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and in fiscal 2022, 2021 or 2020.

Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues consists primarily of wafer fabrication costs, wafer sort, assembly, test and burn-in expenses, the amortized cost of production mask sets, stock-based compensation and the cost of materials and overhead from operations. All of our wafer manufacturing and assembly operations, and a significant portion of our wafer sort testing operations, are outsourced. Accordingly, most of our cost of revenues consists of payments to TSMC and independent assembly and test houses. Because we do not have long-term, fixed-price supply contracts, our wafer fabrication and other outsourced manufacturing costs are subject to the cyclical

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fluctuations in demand for semiconductors. We have experienced increased costs as a result of inflation, supply chain constraints for wafers and outsourced assembly, burn-in and test operations. We expect these increased manufacturing costs will continue through calendar 2023. Cost of revenues also includes expenses related to supply chain management, quality assurance, and final product testing and documentation control activities conducted at our headquarters in Sunnyvale, California and our branch operations in Taiwan.

Gross Profit. Our gross profit margins vary among our products and are generally greater on our radiation-hardened and radiation-tolerant SRAMs, on our higher density products and, within a particular density, greater on our higher speed and industrial temperature products. We expect that our overall gross margins will fluctuate from period to period as a result of shifts in product mix, changes in average selling prices and our ability to control our cost of revenues, including costs associated with outsourced wafer fabrication and product assembly and testing.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for design engineers and other technical personnel, the cost of developing prototypes, stock-based compensation and fees paid to consultants. We charge all research and development expenses to operations as incurred. We charge mask costs used in production to cost of revenues over a 12-month period. However, we charge costs related to pre-production mask sets, which are not used in production, to research and development expenses at the time they are incurred. These charges often arise as we transition to new process technologies and, accordingly, can cause research and development expenses to fluctuate on a quarterly basis. We believe that continued investment in research and development is critical to our long-term success, and we expect to continue to devote significant resources to product development activities. In particular, we are devoting substantial resources to the development of a new category of in-place associative computing products. Accordingly, we expect that our research and development expenses will continue to be substantial in future periods and may lead to operating losses in some periods. Such expenses as a percentage of net revenues may fluctuate from period to period.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of commissions paid to independent sales representatives, salaries, stock-based compensation and related expenses for personnel engaged in sales, marketing, administrative, finance and human resources activities, professional fees, costs associated with the promotion of our products and other corporate expenses. We expect that our sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars in future periods if we are able to grow and expand our sales force but that, to the extent our revenues increase in future periods, these expenses will generally decline as a percentage of net revenues. We also expect that, in support of any future growth that we are able to achieve, general and administrative expenses will generally increase in absolute dollars.

Goodwill. We had a goodwill balance of $8.0 million as of both December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022. The goodwill resulted from the acquisition of MikaMonu Group Ltd. in fiscal 2016. We completed our annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 and concluded that there was no impairment, as the fair value of our sole reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. For purposes of the annual goodwill impairment test, our market capitalization was used as a proxy for the fair value of our sole reporting unit.

During the three months ended December 31, 2022, management identified a sustained decline in our stock price that resulted in our market capitalization being below the carrying value of stockholders’ equity. We concluded the sustained decline in our stock price was a triggering event and proceeded with a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment. The quantitative impairment assessment was performed as of December 1, 2022, utilizing an equal weighting of the income approach and the market comparable method. The analysis required the comparison of our carrying value with our fair value, with an impairment recorded for any excess of carrying value over the fair value. The income approach utilized a discounted cash flow analysis to determine the fair value of our single reporting unit. Key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis included, but are not limited to, a discount rate of approximately 23.5% to account for risk in achieving the forecast and a terminal growth rate for cash flows of 3.0%. The market comparable method was used to determine the fair value of the reporting unit by multiplying forecasted revenue by a market multiple. The revenue market multiple was calculated by comparing the enterprise value to revenue for comparable companies in the semiconductor industry and then applying a control premium. The equal weighting of the income approach and the market comparable method was then reconciled to the market approach. The market approach was calculated by multiplying the average closing share price of our common stock for the 30 days prior to the measurement date, by the number of outstanding shares of our common

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stock and adding a control premium that reflected the premium a hypothetical buyer might pay. The control premium was estimated using historical acquisition transactions in the semiconductor industry over the past five years. The results of the quantitative analysis performed indicated the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. As a result, we concluded there was no goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2022.

A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the income approach and the market comparable method. The income approach assumes the future cash flows reflect market expectations. The market comparable method requires an estimate of a revenue market multiple and an appropriate control premium. These fair value measurements require significant judgements using Level 3 inputs, such as discounted cash flows from operations and revenue forecasts, which are not observable from the market, directly or indirectly. There is uncertainty in the projected future cash flows used in our impairment analysis, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions. If actual performance does not achieve the projections, or if the assumptions used in the analysis change in the future, we may be required to recognize impairment charges in future periods. Key assumptions in the market approach include determining a control premium. We believe our procedures for determining fair value are reasonable and consistent with current market conditions as of December 31, 2022.

Intangible Assets. We review identifiable amortizable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on the lowest level of identifiable estimated undiscounted cash flows resulting from use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss is based on the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. We identified a potential impairment indicator for the finite lived intangible assets and performed a recoverability test by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset group to the carrying amount as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022. The result of the recoverability tests indicated that the sum of the expected future cash flows was greater than the carrying amount of the finite lived intangible assets. Based on the uncertainty of forecasts inherent with a new product, events such as the failure to generate forecasted revenue from the APU product could result in a non-cash impairment charge in future periods.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth statement of operations data as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net revenues	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of revenues	42.5		44.7		39.6		45.6
Gross profit	57.5		55.3		60.4		54.4
Operating expenses:
Research and development	85.8		76.3		76.3		73.7
Selling, general and administrative	46.0		35.2		33.2		35.1
Total operating expenses	131.8		111.5		109.5		108.8
Loss from operations	(74.3)		(56.2)		(49.1)		(54.4)
Interest and other income (expense), net	0.9		0.2		0.4		(0.1)
Loss before income taxes	(73.4)		(56.0)		(48.7)		(54.5)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	1.3		0.8		0.7		(0.3)
Net loss	(74.7)		(56.8)		(49.4)		(54.2)

Net Revenues. Net revenues decreased by 20.1% from $8.1 million in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $6.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and by 1.4% from $24.7 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to $24.3 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in net revenues in both periods is related to the current economic environment. While customer order patterns are variable right now, these fluctuations are related to economic and external factors which include the military conflict in Ukraine, the rapid rise in energy prices, worldwide inflationary pressures, rising interest rates and the decline in the global economic environment, not changes in the ongoing requirements for our products. Net revenues in both periods continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 global pandemic where there continues to be limitations with

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both in-person and virtual meetings, particularly, government and defense customers with regards to secure teleconferencing.

The overall average selling price of all units shipped in the quarter ended December 31, 2022 increased by 13.3% compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2021 and the number of units shipped decreased 30.0% in the quarter ended December 31, 2022 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2021. The overall average selling price of all units shipped in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 increased by 1.3% compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2021 and the number of units shipped decreased 2.9% in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2021. The changes in the average selling price were due to changes in product mix and a 20% price increase effective in December 2021 on most of our products. Direct and indirect sales to Nokia, currently our largest customer, decreased from $1.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $1.3 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and from $7.6 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to $3.8 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Shipments to Nokia will continue to fluctuate on a quarterly basis as a result of demand and shipments to its end customers. Shipments to Nokia in the quarter ended June 30, 2021 included approximately $1.1 million of buffer stock in anticipation of perceived market tightness. Shipments of our SigmaQuad product line accounted for 40.5% of total shipments in the three months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 45.2% of total shipments in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 52.5% of total shipments in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 and compared to 50.0% of total shipments in the nine months ended December 31, 2022.

Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues decreased by 23.9% from $3.6 million in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $2.7 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022, a result of the 20.1% decline in revenues, and decreased by 14.2% from $11.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to $9.6 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 due the mix of higher gross margin products sold in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2021. Cost of revenues included a provision for excess and obsolete inventories of $330,000 in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $166,000 in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Cost of revenues included stock-based compensation expense of $58,000 and $54,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively, and $192,000 and $163,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Gross Profit. Gross profit decreased by 16.9% from $4.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $3.7 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and increased by 9.3% from $13.4 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to $14.7 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Gross margin increased from 55.3% in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to 57.5% in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and increased from 54.4% in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to 60.4% in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. The changes in gross profit are primarily related to the changes in net revenues discussed above. The changes in gross margin are primarily related to changes in the mix of products and customers. Gross margin in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 reflect shipments of our radiation-hardened SRAMs, which typically have gross margins in excess of our overall average corporate gross margins.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses decreased by 10.1% from $6.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $5.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in research and development spending was primarily related to decreases of $439,000 in payroll related expenses, $164,000 in outside consulting expenses for the development of Gemini-II and $88,000 in stock-based compensation expense. Research and development expenses included stock-based compensation expense of $416,000 and $328,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The reduction in research and development spending in the quarter ended December 31, 2022 reflects the impact of cost reduction measures implemented in the quarter ended December 31, 2022. Research and development expenses increased by 2.1% from $18.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to $18.5 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. The increase in research and development spending was primarily related to increases of $654,000 in outside consulting expenses for the development of Gemini-II and $327,000 in software maintenance expense which was partially offset by decreases of $635,000 in payroll related expenses and $235,000 in stock-based compensation expense. Research and development expenses included stock-based compensation expense of $1.3 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 4.4% from $2.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $3.0 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022. This increase in expenses included an increase of $143,000 professional fees, partially offset by decreases of $57,000 in independent sales representatives’ commissions and $20,000 in payroll related expenses. Payroll related expenses included approximately $200,000 for severance payments made to terminated employees as a result of our cost cutting measures discussed above. Selling, general and administrative expenses included stock-based compensation expense of $266,000 and $273,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 7.0% from $8.7 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to $8.1 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. This decline in expenses included a decrease of $845,000 in the value of contingent consideration in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 compared to an increase of $68,000 in the nine months ended December 31, 2021. The change in contingent consideration was partially offset by an increase of $287,000 in professional fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses included stock-based compensation expense of $783,000 and $722,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Interest Income and Other Expense, Net. Interest and other income, net increased by $46,000 from a net $15,000 in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $61,000 in the three months ended December 31, 2022. Interest income increased by $98,000 primarily due to higher interest rates received on our cash and short-term and long-term investments. Foreign exchange losses were $5,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $57,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2022. Interest and other income, net increased by $114,000 from an expense of $13,000 in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to income of $101,000 in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. Interest income increased by $135,000 primarily due to higher interest rates received on our cash and short-term and long-term investments. Foreign exchange losses were $73,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $109,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2022. The exchange losses in each period were related to our Taiwan branch operations and our operations in Israel.

Provision (benefit) for Income Taxes. The provision (benefit) for income taxes increased from $64,000 in the three months ended December 31, 2021 to $84,000 in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and increased from a benefit of ($66,000) in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 to a provision of $181,000 in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2021 included a benefit of ($220,000) related to the approval by the Israel tax authorities of a “Preferred Company” tax rate that was retroactively applied to fiscal 2018 and subsequent fiscal years.

Net Loss. Net loss was $4.6 million in the three months ended December 31, 2021 compared $4.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and was $13.4 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $12.0 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. These fluctuations were primarily due to the changes in net revenues, gross profit and operating expenses discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2022, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $35.2 million compared to $44.0 million as of March 31, 2022.

Net cash used in operating activities was $12.2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $9.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021. The primary uses of cash in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 were the net loss of $12.0 million, a reduction in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $2.2 million and an increase in inventories of $1.7 million. The reduction in accrued expenses and other liabilities was primarily related to the payment of fiscal 2022 year-end accruals for incentive compensation. The uses of cash in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 were less than the net loss due to non-cash items including stock-based compensation of $2.0 million and depreciation and amortization expenses of $763,000. The primary sources of cash in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 were a decrease in accounts receivable of $891,000 and a lesser increase in accounts payable.

Net cash used in operating activities was $9.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $11.4 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2020. The primary uses of cash in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 was the net loss of $13.4 million and increases in prepaid expenses and other

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current assets and inventory. The uses of cash in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 were less than the net loss due to non-cash items including stock-based compensation of $2.3 million and depreciation and amortization expenses of $752,000. The primary sources of cash in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 were an increase in accounts payable of $792,000 and a lesser decrease in accounts receivable.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $6.7 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $320,000 in the nine months ended December 31, 2021. Investment activities in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 primarily consisted of the maturity of certificates of deposit and agency bonds of $7.0 million, partially offset by the purchase property and equipment of $258,000. Investment activities in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 primarily consisted of the maturity of certificates of deposit and agency bonds of $7.4 million partially offset by the purchase of certificates of deposit of $7.2 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 consisted of the net proceeds from the sale of common stock pursuant to our employee stock plans of $402,000. Net cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended December 31, 2021 consisted of the net proceeds from the sale of common stock pursuant to our employee stock plans of $2.4 million.

We believe that our existing balances of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, and cash flow expected to be generated from our future operations will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including revenue growth, if any, that we experience, any additional manufacturing cost increases resulting from supply constraints and the continuation of the impact of rising interest rates and inflation may have on our business, the extent to which we utilize subcontractors, the levels of inventory and accounts receivable that we maintain, the timing and extent of spending to support our product development efforts and the expansion of our sales and marketing team. Additional capital may also be required for the consummation of any acquisition of businesses, products or technologies that we may undertake. We cannot assure that additional equity or debt financing, if required, will be available on terms that are acceptable or at all.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $2.5 million in purchase obligations for facility leases, software leases, wafer, software and test purchase obligations that are binding commitments of which $1.1 million are payable in the next twelve months and $1.4 million are committed in the long term.

In connection with the acquisition of MikaMonu on November 23, 2015, we are required to make contingent consideration payments to the former MikaMonu shareholders conditioned upon revenue targets for products based on the MikaMonu technology. As of December 31, 2022, the accrual for potential contingent consideration was $1.9 million and is payable at various dates through December 31, 2025.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At December 31, 2022, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Accordingly, we are not exposed to the type of financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to Note 1 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing under Part I, Item 1 for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements that may impact the Company.

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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk. Our revenues and expenses, except those expenses related to our operations in Taiwan and in Israel, including subcontractor manufacturing expenses, are denominated in U.S. dollars. As a result, we have relatively little exposure for currency exchange risks, and foreign exchange gains and losses have been minimal to date. We do not currently enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge exposure denominated in foreign currencies or any other derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. In the future, if we feel our foreign currency exposure has increased, we may consider entering into hedging transactions to help mitigate that risk.

Interest Rate Sensitivity. We had cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments totaling $35.2 million at December 31, 2022. These amounts were invested primarily in money market funds, certificates of deposit, government agency bonds and foreign government obligations. The cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities are held for working capital purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates. We believe a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would not materially affect the fair value of our interest-sensitive financial instruments. Declines in interest rates, however, will reduce future investment income.

Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined by Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation and the identification of a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, because a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting existed as of March 31, 2022 and has not been remediated as of December 31, 2022, these disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022.

Management has concluded that, as of March 31, 2022, a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting exists related to management's controls over the review of forecasts used to calculate the contingent consideration liability and used in the recoverability test over intangible assets. Additionally, forecasts were also used in the goodwill impairment test as of December 1, 2022. This material weakness has not been remediated as of December 31, 2022.

Management's Plan to Remediate Material Weakness

We are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment. In response to the identified material weakness above, we, with the oversight of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, have begun to take comprehensive actions to remediate the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting. We are in the process of implementing a detailed plan for the remediation of the material weakness identified in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, including enhancing management’s review controls over the forecasts used to calculate the contingent consideration liability and used in the recoverability test for intangible assets. Additionally, forecasts were also used in the goodwill impairment test as of December 1, 2022. Although we have begun the remediation process, the material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating

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effectively. Until this material weakness is remediated, we plan to continue to perform additional analyses and other procedures to ensure our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, even if determined effective and no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives to prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Our future performance is subject to a variety of risks. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer and the trading price of our common stock could decline. Additional risks that we currently do not know about or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business operations. You should also refer to other information contained in this report, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. The risk factors described below do not contain any material changes from those previously disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

Risk Factor Summary

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, which are more fully described in the Risk Factors below. These risks include, but are not limited to:

Risks Related to Our Business and Financial Condition

●

Unpredictable fluctuations in our operating results could cause our stock price to decline.

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Our largest OEM customer accounts for a significant percentage of our net revenues. If this customer, or any of our other major customers, reduces the amount they purchase or stops purchasing our products, our financial position and operating results will suffer. Any significant order cancellations or order deferrals could adversely affect our operating results.

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We have incurred significant losses and may incur losses in the future.

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We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, and if our remediation of such material weakness is not effective, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements could be impaired.

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Goodwill impairment and related charges, as well as other accounting charges or adjustments could negatively impact our operating results.

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We depend upon the sale of our Very Fast SRAMs for most of our revenues and the market for Very Fast SRAMs is highly competitive.

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We are in the process of implementing various cost reduction initiatives, which may result in unintended and adverse impacts on our business and operations and cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the cost reduction initiatives.

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We are dependent on a number of single source suppliers.

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If we do not successfully develop and introduce the new in-place associative computing products, which entails certain significant risks, our business will be harmed.

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If we are unable to offset increased wafer fabrication and assembly costs, our gross margins will suffer.

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We are subject to the highly cyclical nature of the networking and telecommunications markets.

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We rely heavily on distributors and our business will be negatively impacted if we are unable to develop and manage distribution channels and accurately predict future sales through our distributors.

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The average selling prices of our products are expected to decline.

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We are substantially dependent on the continued services and performance of our senior management and other key personnel. If we are unable to recruit or retain qualified personnel, our business and product development efforts could be harmed.

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Cyber-attacks could disrupt our operations or the operations of our partners, and result in reduced revenue, increased costs, liability claims and harm our reputation or competitive position.

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Demand for our products may decrease if our OEM customers experience difficulty manufacturing, marketing or selling their products.

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Our products have lengthy sales cycles that make it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast results.

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Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.

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Our acquisition of companies or technologies could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our operating results.

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Our business will suffer if we are unable to protect our intellectual property or if there are claims that we infringe third party intellectual property rights.

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Current unfavorable economic and market conditions may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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If our business grows, such growth may place a significant strain on our management and operations.

Risks Related to Manufacturing and Product Development

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We may experience difficulties in transitioning our manufacturing process technologies, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

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Manufacturing process technologies are subject to rapid change and require significant expenditures for research and development.

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Our products may contain defects, which could reduce revenues or result in claims against us.

Risks Related to Our International Business and Operations

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The international political, social and economic environment, particularly as it relates to Taiwan, may affect our business performance.

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Certain of our independent suppliers and OEM customers have operations in the Pacific Rim, an area subject to significant risk of natural disasters and outbreak of contagious diseases such as COVID-19.

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The United States could materially modify certain international trade agreements, or change tax provisions related to the global manufacturing and sales of our products.

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Some of our products are incorporated into advanced military electronics, and changes in international geopolitical circumstances and domestic budget considerations may hurt our business.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and the Securities Market

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The trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and is likely to be volatile.

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We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and which may cause dilution to existing stockholders.

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Use of a portion of our cash reserves to repurchase shares of our common stock presents potential risks and disadvantages to us and our continuing stockholders.

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Our executive officers, directors and their affiliates hold a substantial percentage of our common stock.

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The provisions of our charter documents might inhibit potential acquisition bids that a stockholder might believe are desirable, and the market price of our common stock could be lower as a result.

Risks Related to Our Business and Financial Condition

Unpredictable fluctuations in our operating results could cause our stock price to decline.

Our quarterly and annual revenues, expenses and operating results have varied significantly and are likely to vary in the future. For example, in the eleven fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2022, we recorded net revenues of as much as $9.0 million and as little as $6.4 million, and operating losses from $2.9 million to $5.7 million. We therefore believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance, and you should not rely on them to predict our future performance or the future performance of our stock price. Furthermore, if our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our financial performance could be adversely affected. Factors that may affect periodic operating results in the future include:

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commercial acceptance of our associative computing products;

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commercial acceptance of our RadHard and RadTolerant products;

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changes in our customers' inventory management practices;

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unpredictability of the timing and size of customer orders, since most of our customers purchase our products on a purchase order basis rather than pursuant to a long-term contract;

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changes in our product pricing policies, including those made in response to new product announcements, pricing changes of our competitors and price increases by our foundry and suppliers;

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our ability to anticipate and conform to new industry standards;

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fluctuations in availability and costs associated with materials and manufacturing services needed to satisfy customer requirements caused by supply constraints;

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restructuring, asset and goodwill impairment and related charges, as well as other accounting changes or adjustments;

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manufacturing defects, which could cause us to incur significant warranty, support and repair costs, lose potential sales, harm our relationships with customers and result in write-downs; and

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our ability to address technology issues as they arise, improve our products' functionality and expand our product offerings.

Our expenses are, to a large extent, fixed, and we expect that these expenses will increase in the future. In fiscal years 2021 and 2022, we experienced price increases for raw materials, including a 20% increase in the price of wafers received in early calendar 2022 and a 6% increase in early calendar 2023, and manufacturing services due to the supply chain constraints in the semiconductor market. We expect to experience additional price increases for raw materials in fiscal year 2023 due to worldwide inflationary pressures. We will not be able to adjust our spending quickly if our revenues fall short of our expectations. If this were to occur, our operating results would be harmed. If our operating results in future quarters fall below the expectations of market analysts and investors, the price of our common stock could fall.

The military conflict in Ukraine, the rapid rise in energy prices, worldwide inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, the decline in the global economic environment and the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic have caused increased stock market volatility and uncertainty in customer demand and the worldwide economy in general, and we may continue to experience decreased sales and revenues in the future. We expect such impact will in particular affect our SRAM sales and has also impacted the launch of our APU product to some degree and the adoption of RadHard and RadTolerant SRAM products by aerospace and military customers. However, the magnitude of such impact on our business and its duration is highly uncertain.

Nokia, our largest customer, purchases our products directly from us and through contract manufacturers and distributors. Purchases by Nokia represented approximately 16%, 29%, 39% and 38% of our net revenues in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We expect that our operating results in any given period will continue to depend significantly on orders from our key OEM customers, particularly Nokia, and our future success is dependent to a large degree on the business success of this customer over which we have no control. We do not have long-term contracts with Nokia or any of our other major OEM customers, distributors or contract manufacturers that obligate them to purchase our products. We expect that future direct and indirect sales to Nokia and our other key OEM customers will continue to fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis and that such fluctuations may substantially affect our operating results in future periods. If we fail to continue to sell to our key OEM customers, distributors or contract manufacturers in sufficient quantities, our business could be harmed.

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Our business may be materially adversely affected by military conflict in Ukraine, the rapid rise in energy prices, worldwide inflationary pressures, rising interest rates and the ongoing the COVID-19 global pandemic. Since 2020, national, state and local governments have implemented, and may continue to implement, safety precautions including quarantines, travel restrictions, business closures, cancellations of public gatherings and other measures as they deem necessary. Many organizations and individuals, including the Company and our employees, took additional steps to avoid or reduce infection, including limiting travel and working from home. These measures have disrupted normal business operations and have had significant negative impacts on businesses and financial markets worldwide.

We continue to monitor our operations and government recommendations and have made modifications to our normal operations because of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, aside from supply chain shortages from the lengthening of lead times for wafers and assembly services and the impact of ongoing and expected price increases from suppliers, including a 20% increase in the cost of wafers received in early calendar 2022 and a 6% increase in early calendar 2023, we have experienced minimal impact, and continue to experience minimal impact, on our manufacturing operations in Taiwan. Final testing of our product is conducted in house. Our revenues were impacted by changes in customer buying patterns and communication limitations related to COVID-19 restrictions that required a significant number of our customer contacts to work from home. Industry conferences and on-site training workshops, which are typically used for building a sales pipeline, were limited, and continue to be limited due to COVID-19 related restrictions. We adapted our sales strategies for the COVID-19 environment where we could not do face-to-face meetings and conduct secure meetings with government and defense contractors. The military conflict in Ukraine and the rapid rise in energy prices, worldwide inflationary pressures, rising interest rates and the decline in the global economic environment may have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.

We experienced, and are continuing to experience, a number of adverse impacts as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, including reductions in demand for our products, delays and cancellations of orders, difficulties in obtaining raw materials and components, shortages of labor to manufacture products, inefficiencies caused by remote worker’s difficulties in performing their normal work outputs, closures of the facilities of some of our suppliers and customers, delays in shipments and delays in collecting accounts receivable. If the pandemic continues, it may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and liquidity the future. We have made estimates of the impact of COVID-19 within our financial statements and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods.

Disruptions in the capital markets as a result of the military conflict in Ukraine, the rapid rise in energy prices, worldwide inflationary pressures, rising interest rates and the COVID-19 global pandemic may also adversely affect our ability to obtain additional liquidity should the impacts of a decline in the global economic environment continue for a prolonged period.

We have incurred significant losses and may incur losses in the future.

We have incurred significant losses. We incurred net losses of $16.4 million, $21.5 million and $10.3 million during fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively and a net loss of $12.0 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2022. There can be no assurance that our Very Fast SRAMs will continue to receive broad market acceptance, that our new product development initiatives will be successful or that we will be able to achieve sustained revenue growth or profitability.

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We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, and if our remediation of such material weakness is not effective, or if we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired.

In the course of preparing our financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness identified pertains to the design of the control over the review of the forecasts used to calculate the contingent consideration liability and used in the recoverability test for intangible assets. Additionally, forecasts were also used in the goodwill impairment test as of December 1, 2022. This material weakness has not been remediated as of December 31, 2022. Our management is taking steps to remediate our material weakness, including re-evaluating the methodology and procedures involved in developing forecasts as well as the review and oversight of the forecasting process. We are in the process of implementing a detailed plan for the remediation of the material weakness identified in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, including enhancing management's review controls over the forecasts used to calculate the contingent consideration liability, used in the recoverability test for intangible assets and used in the goodwill impairment test. Although we have begun implementing the enhancements described above, the material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. Until this material weakness is remediated, we plan to continue to perform additional analyses and other procedures to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

If we are unable to further implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within required time periods could be adversely affected, which could subject us to litigation or investigations requiring management resources and payment of legal and other expenses, negatively affect investor confidence in our financial statements and adversely impact our stock price. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected and we could become subject to litigation or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and actions we may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we are required to include in our periodic reports that are filed with the SEC.

If we determine that our goodwill and intangible assets have become impaired, we may incur impairment charges, which would negatively impact our operating results.

Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, such as our acquisition of MikaMonu Group Ltd. in fiscal 2016. We test for goodwill impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset is more likely than not impaired. If the carrying value of a material asset is determined to be impaired, it will be written down to fair value by a charge to operating earnings. As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2022, we had a goodwill balance of $8.0 million and intangible assets of $2.0 million and $1.8 million, respectively, from the MikaMonu acquisition. An adverse change in market conditions, including a sustained decline in our stock price, loss of significant customers, or a weakened demand for our

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products could be considered to be an impairment triggering event. If such change has the effect of changing one of our critical assumptions or estimates, a change to the estimation of fair value could result in an impairment charge to our goodwill or intangible assets, which would negatively impact our operating results and harm our business. During the three months ended December 31, 2022, we identified a sustained decline in our stock price that resulted in our market capitalization being below the carrying value of our stockholders’ equity. We concluded the sustained decline in our stock price was a triggering event and proceeded with a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment. The results of the quantitative goodwill impairment assessment that we performed indicated the fair value of our sole reporting unit exceeded its carrying value as of December 31, 2022.

We depend upon the sale of our Very Fast SRAMs for most of our revenues, and a downturn in demand for these products could significantly reduce our revenues and harm our business.

We derive most of our revenues from the sale of Very Fast SRAMs, and we expect that sales of these products will represent the substantial majority of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Our business depends in large part upon continued demand for our products in the markets we currently serve, which will continue to be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 global pandemic, and adoption of our products in new markets. Market adoption will be dependent upon our ability to increase customer awareness of the benefits of our products and to prove their high-performance and cost-effectiveness. We may not be able to sustain or increase our revenues from sales of our products, particularly if the networking and telecommunications markets were to experience another significant downturn in the future. Any decrease in revenues from sales of our products could harm our business more than it would if we offered a more diversified line of products.

Our future success is substantially dependent on the successful introduction of new in-place associative computing products which entails significant risks.

Since 2015, our principal strategic objective has been the development of our first in-place associative computing product. We have devoted, and will continue to devote, substantial efforts and resources to the development of our new family of in-place associative computing products. This ongoing project involves the commercialization of new, cutting-edge technology, will require a continuing substantial effort during fiscal 2023 and beyond and will be subject to significant risks. In addition to the typical risks associated with the development of technologically advanced products, this project will be subject to enhanced risks of technological problems related to the development of this entirely new category of products, substantial risks of delays or unanticipated costs that may be encountered, and risks associated with the establishment of entirely new markets and customer and partner relationships. The establishment of new customer and partner relationships and selling our in-place associative computing products to such new customers is a significant undertaking that requires us to invest heavily in our sales team, enter into new channel partner relationships, expand our marketing activities and change the focus of our business and operations. Our inability to successfully establish a market for the product that we have developed will have a material adverse effect on our future financial and business success, including our prospects for increased revenues. Additionally, if we are unable to meet the expectations of market analysts and investors with respect to this major product introduction effort, then the price of our common stock could fall.

We are dependent on a number of single source suppliers, and if we fail to obtain adequate supplies, our business will be harmed and our prospects for growth will be curtailed.

We currently purchase several key components used in the manufacture of our products from single sources and are dependent upon supply from these sources to meet our needs. If any of these suppliers cannot provide components on a timely basis, at the same price or at all, our ability to manufacture our products will be constrained and our business will suffer. For example, due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, we could see additional disruptions in our supply chain beyond the longer lead-times for the purchase of wafers and assembly services that we are currently experiencing. Most significantly, we obtain wafers for our Very Fast SRAM and APU products from a single foundry, TSMC, and most of them are packaged at ASE. If we are unable to obtain an adequate supply of wafers from TSMC or find alternative sources in a timely manner, we will be unable to fulfill our customer orders and our operating results will be harmed. We do not have supply agreements with TSMC, ASE or any of our other independent assembly and test suppliers, and instead obtain manufacturing services and products from these suppliers on a purchase-order basis. Our suppliers, including TSMC, have no obligation to supply products or services to us for any specific product, in any specific quantity, at any specific price or for any specific

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time period. As a result, the loss or failure to perform by any of these suppliers could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Should any of our single source suppliers experience manufacturing failures or yield shortfalls, be disrupted by the COVID-19 global pandemic, natural disaster or political instability, choose to prioritize capacity or inventory for other uses or reduce or eliminate deliveries to us for any other reason, we likely will not be able to enforce fulfillment of any delivery commitments and we would have to identify and qualify acceptable replacements from alternative sources of supply. In particular, if TSMC is unable to supply us with sufficient quantities of wafers to meet all of our requirements, we would have to allocate our products among our customers, which would constrain our growth and might cause some of them to seek alternative sources of supply. Since the manufacturing of wafers and other components is extremely complex, the process of qualifying new foundries and suppliers is a lengthy process and there is no assurance that we would be able to find and qualify another supplier without materially adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we do not successfully develop new products to respond to rapid market changes due to changing technology and evolving industry standards, particularly in the networking and telecommunications markets, our business will be harmed.

If we fail to offer technologically advanced products and respond to technological advances and emerging standards, we may not generate sufficient revenues to offset our development costs and other expenses, which will hurt our business. The development of new or enhanced products is a complex and uncertain process that requires the accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. In particular, the networking and telecommunications markets are rapidly evolving and new standards are emerging. We are vulnerable to advances in technology by competitors, including new SRAM architectures, new forms of DRAM and the emergence of new memory technologies that could enable the development of products that feature higher performance or lower cost. In addition, the trend toward incorporating SRAM into other chips in the networking and telecommunications markets has the potential to reduce future demand for Very Fast SRAM products. We may experience development, marketing and other technological difficulties that may delay or limit our ability to respond to technological changes, evolving industry standards, competitive developments or end-user requirements. For example, because we have limited experience developing integrated circuits, or IC, products other than Very Fast SRAMs, our efforts to introduce new products may not be successful and our business may suffer. Other challenges that we face include:

our products may become obsolete upon the introduction of alternative technologies;

we may incur substantial costs if we need to modify our products to respond to these alternative technologies;

we may not have sufficient resources to develop or acquire new technologies or to introduce new products capable of competing with future technologies;

new products that we develop may not successfully integrate with our end-users’ products into which they are incorporated;

we may be unable to develop new products that incorporate emerging industry standards;

we may be unable to develop or acquire the rights to use the intellectual property necessary to implement new technologies; and

when introducing new or enhanced products, we may be unable to effectively manage the transition from older products.

If we do not successfully implement the cost reduction initiatives that were announced on November 30, 2022, we may suffer adverse impacts on our business and operations.

On November 30, 2022, we announced the implementation of cost reduction initiatives. The cost reduction initiatives are expected to be completed by March 31, 2023, and will result in an approximate 15% decrease in our

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global workforce. The aim of these initiatives is to reduce GSI Technology’s operating expenses by approximately $7.0 million on an annualized basis, primarily from salary reductions related to reduced headcount and salary decreases for certain retained employees, as well as targeted reductions in research and development spending. The implementation of these cost reduction initiatives may result in unintended and adverse impacts on our business and operations. Any failure to successfully implement the cost reduction initiatives could prevent us from focusing our operational resources on advancing GSI Technology’s proprietary APU technology.

If we are unable to offset increased wafer fabrication and assembly costs by increasing the average selling prices of our products, our gross margins will suffer.

If there is a significant upturn in the demand for the manufacturing and assembly of semiconductor products as has occurred in recent quarters as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the available supply of wafers and packaging services may be limited. As a result, we could be required to obtain additional manufacturing and assembly capacity in order to meet increased demand. Securing additional manufacturing and assembly capacity may cause our wafer fabrication and assembly costs to increase. Inflationary pressures may also cause our wafer fabrication costs to increase. If we are unable to offset these increased costs by increasing the average selling prices of our products, our gross margins will decline.

We are subject to the highly cyclical nature of the networking and telecommunications markets.

Our Very Fast SRAM products are incorporated into routers, switches, wireless local area network infrastructure equipment, wireless base stations and network access equipment used in the highly cyclical networking and telecommunications markets. We expect that the networking and telecommunications markets will continue to be highly cyclical, characterized by periods of rapid growth and contraction. Our business and our operating results are likely to fluctuate, perhaps quite severely, as a result of this cyclicality.

The market for Very Fast SRAMs is highly competitive.

The market for Very Fast SRAMs, which are used primarily in networking and telecommunications equipment, is characterized by price erosion, rapid technological change, cyclical market patterns and intense foreign and domestic competition. Several of our competitors offer a broad array of memory products and have greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution and other resources than we have. Some of our competitors maintain their own semiconductor fabrication facilities, which may provide them with capacity, cost and technical advantages over us. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against any of these competitors. Our ability to compete successfully in this market depends on factors both within and outside of our control, including:

real or perceived imbalances in supply and demand of Very Fast SRAMs;

the rate at which OEMs incorporate our products into their systems;

the success of our customers’ products;

the price of our competitors’ products relative to the price of our products;

our ability to develop and market new products; and

the supply and cost of wafers.

We recently experienced a 20% increase in wafer fabrication costs due to supply chain constraints, which resulted in us increasing the cost of our products. Inflationary pressures are expected to result in additional increases in our wafer fabrication costs, which may require us to further increase the cost of our products. Our customers may decide to purchase products from our competitors rather than accept these price increases and our business may suffer. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in the future. Our failure to compete successfully in these or other areas could harm our business.

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We rely heavily on distributors and our success depends on our ability to develop and manage our indirect distribution channels.

A significant percentage of our sales are made to distributors and to contract manufacturers who incorporate our products into end products for OEMs. For example, in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, our largest distributor Avnet Logistics accounted for 48.0%, 38.0%, 29.8% and 34.3%, respectively, of our net revenues. Avnet Logistics and our other existing distributors may choose to devote greater resources to marketing and supporting the products of other companies. Since we sell through multiple channels and distribution networks, we may have to resolve potential conflicts between these channels. For example, these conflicts may result from the different discount levels offered by multiple channel distributors to their customers or, potentially, from our direct sales force targeting the same equipment manufacturer accounts as our indirect channel distributors. These conflicts may harm our business or reputation.

The average selling prices of our products are expected to decline, and if we are unable to offset these declines, our operating results will suffer.

Historically, the average unit selling prices of our products have declined substantially over the lives of the products, and we expect this trend to continue. A reduction in overall average selling prices of our products could result in reduced revenues and lower gross margins. Our ability to increase our net revenues and maintain our gross margins despite a decline in the average selling prices of our products will depend on a variety of factors, including our ability to introduce lower cost versions of our existing products, increase unit sales volumes of these products, and introduce new products with higher prices and greater margins. If we fail to accomplish any of these objectives, our business will suffer. To reduce our costs, we may be required to implement design changes that lower our manufacturing costs, negotiate reduced purchase prices from our independent foundries and our independent assembly and test vendors, and successfully manage our manufacturing and subcontractor relationships. Because we do not operate our own wafer foundry or assembly facilities, we may not be able to reduce our costs as rapidly as companies that operate their own foundries or facilities.

We are substantially dependent on the continued services and performance of our senior management and other key personnel.

Our future success is substantially dependent on the continued services and continuing contributions of our senior management who must work together effectively in order to design our products, expand our business, increase our revenues and improve our operating results. Members of our senior management team have long-standing and important relationships with our key customers and suppliers. The loss of services, whether as a result of illness, resignation, retirement or death, of Lee-Lean Shu, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Avidan Akerib, our Vice President of Associative Computing, any other executive officer or other key employee could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our development and strategic objectives. We do not have employment contracts with, nor maintain key person insurance on, any of our executive officers or other key employees.

System security risks, data protection, cyber-attacks and systems integration issues could disrupt our internal operations or the operations of our business partners, and any such disruption could harm our reputation or cause a reduction in our expected revenue, increase our expenses, negatively impact our results of operation or otherwise adversely affect our stock price.

Security breaches, computer malware and cyber-attacks have become more prevalent and sophisticated in recent years and may increase in the future due to a number of our employees working from home and the potential for retaliatory cyber-attacks as a result of the military conflict in Ukraine. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate our network security or the network security of our business partners, and misappropriate or compromise our confidential and proprietary information, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. The costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cyber or other security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software programs and security vulnerabilities could be significant, and our efforts to address these problems may not be successful and could result in interruptions and delays that may impede our sales, manufacturing, distribution or other critical functions.

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We manage and store various proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to our business on the cloud. Breaches of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or confidential data about us, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in litigation and potential liability for us, damage our reputation or otherwise harm our business. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant.

Portions of our IT infrastructure also may experience interruptions, delays or cessations of service or produce errors in connection with systems integration or migration work that takes place from time to time. We may not be successful in implementing new systems and transitioning data, which could cause business disruptions and be more expensive, time consuming, disruptive and resource-intensive than originally anticipated. Such disruptions could adversely impact our ability to attract and retain customers, fulfill orders and interrupt other processes and could adversely affect our business, financial results, stock price and reputation.

We may be unable to accurately predict future sales through our distributors, which could harm our ability to efficiently manage our resources to match market demand.

Our financial results, quarterly product sales, trends and comparisons are affected by fluctuations in the buying patterns of the OEMs that purchase our products from our distributors. While we attempt to assist our distributors in maintaining targeted stocking levels of our products, we may not consistently be accurate or successful. This process involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties, including end user demand. Inventory levels of our products held by our distributors may exceed or fall below the levels we consider desirable on a going-forward basis. This could result in distributors returning unsold inventory to us, or in us not having sufficient inventory to meet the demand for our products. If we are not able to accurately predict sales through our distributors or effectively manage our relationships with our distributors, our business and financial results will suffer.

A small number of customers generally account for a significant portion of our accounts receivable in any period, and if any one of them fails to pay us, our financial position and operating results will suffer.

At December 31, 2022, three customers accounted for 48%, 32% and 10% of our accounts receivable, respectively. If any of these customers do not pay us, our financial position and operating results will be harmed. Generally, we do not require collateral from our customers.

Demand for our products may decrease if our OEM customers experience difficulty manufacturing, marketing or selling their products.

Our products are used as components in our OEM customers’ products, including routers, switches and other networking and telecommunications products. Accordingly, demand for our products is subject to factors affecting the ability of our OEM customers to successfully introduce and market their products, including:

capital spending by telecommunication and network service providers and other end-users who purchase our OEM customers’ products;

the competition our OEM customers face, particularly in the networking and telecommunications industries;

the technical, manufacturing, sales and marketing and management capabilities of our OEM customers;

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the financial and other resources of our OEM customers; and

the inability of our OEM customers to sell their products if they infringe third-party intellectual property rights.

As a result, if OEM customers reduce their purchases of our products, our business will suffer.

Our products have lengthy sales cycles that make it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast results.

Our products are generally incorporated in our OEM customers’ products at the design stage. However, their decisions to use our products often require significant expenditures by us without any assurance of success, and often precede volume sales, if any, by a year or more. If an OEM customer decides at the design stage not to incorporate our products into their products, we will not have another opportunity for a design win with respect to that customer’s product for many months or years, if at all. Our sales cycle can take up to 24 months to complete, and because of this lengthy sales cycle, we may experience a delay between increasing expenses for research and development and our sales and marketing efforts and the generation of volume production revenues, if any, from these expenditures. Moreover, the value of any design win will largely depend on the commercial success of our OEM customers’ products. There can be no assurance that we will continue to achieve design wins or that any design win will result in future revenues.

We are developing a subscription business model for certain of our new APU products, which will take time to implement and will be subject to execution risks. The sales cycle for subscription products is different from our hardware sales business and we will need to implement strategies to manage customer retention, which may be more volatile than the hardware sales to OEM customers. We anticipate that there will be quarterly fluctuations in the revenue and expenses associated with this new license-based business as we optimize the sales process for our target customers. Furthermore, because of the time it takes to build a meaningful subscription business, we expect to incur significant expenses relating to the subscription business before generating revenue from that new business.

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.

We may be subject to actions or proposals from stockholders or others that may not align with our business strategies or the interests of our other stockholders. Responding to such actions can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our business and operations, and divert the attention of our board of directors, management, and employees from the pursuit of our business strategies. Such activities could interfere with our ability to execute our strategic plan. Activist stockholders or others may create perceived uncertainties as to the future direction of our business or strategy which may be exploited by our competitors and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and potential customers, and may affect our relationships with current customers, vendors, investors, and other third parties. In addition, a proxy contest for the election of directors at our annual meeting would require us to incur significant legal fees and proxy solicitation expenses and require significant time and attention by management and our board of directors. The perceived uncertainties as to our future direction also could affect the market price and volatility of our securities.

Claims that we infringe third party intellectual property rights could seriously harm our business and require us to incur significant costs.

In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the semiconductor industry involving patents and other intellectual property rights. We were previously involved in protracted patent infringement litigation, and we could become subject to additional claims or litigation in the future as a result of allegations that we infringe others’ intellectual property rights or that our use of intellectual property otherwise violates the law. Claims that our products infringe the proprietary rights of others would force us to defend ourselves and possibly our customers, distributors or manufacturers against the alleged infringement. Any such litigation regarding intellectual property could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, changing our products or processes to avoid infringing the

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rights of others may be costly or impractical. If any claims received in the future were to be upheld, the consequences to us could require us to:

stop selling our products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;

obtain a license to sell or use the relevant technology, which license may not be available on reasonable terms or at all;

pay damages; or

redesign those products that use the disputed technology.

Although patent disputes in the semiconductor industry have often been settled through cross-licensing arrangements, we may not be able in any or every instance to settle an alleged patent infringement claim through a cross-licensing arrangement in part because we have a more limited patent portfolio than many of our competitors. If a successful claim is made against us or any of our customers and a license is not made available to us on commercially reasonable terms or we are required to pay substantial damages or awards, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

Our acquisition of companies or technologies could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our operating results.

In November 2015, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of privately held MikaMonu Group Ltd., a development-stage, Israel-based company that specializes in in-place associative computing for markets including big data, computer vision and cyber security. We also acquired substantially all of the assets related to the SRAM memory device product line of Sony Corporation in 2009. We intend to supplement our internal development activities by seeking opportunities to make additional acquisitions or investments in companies, assets or technologies that we believe are complementary or strategic. Other than the MikaMonu and Sony acquisitions, we have not made any such acquisitions or investments, and therefore our experience as an organization in making such acquisitions and investments is limited. In connection with the MikaMonu acquisition, we are subject to risks related to potential problems, delays or unanticipated costs that may be encountered in the development of products based on the MikaMonu technology and the establishment of new markets and customer relationships for the potential new products. In addition, in connection with any future acquisitions or investments we may make, we face numerous other risks, including:

difficulties in integrating operations, technologies, products and personnel;

diversion of financial and managerial resources from existing operations;

risk of overpaying for or misjudging the strategic fit of an acquired company, asset or technology;

problems or liabilities stemming from defects of an acquired product or intellectual property litigation that may result from offering the acquired product in our markets;

challenges in retaining key employees to maximize the value of the acquisition or investment;

inability to generate sufficient return on investment;

incurrence of significant one-time write-offs; and

delays in customer purchases due to uncertainty.

If we proceed with additional acquisitions or investments, we may be required to use a considerable amount of our cash, or to finance the transaction through debt or equity securities offerings, which may decrease our financial liquidity or dilute our stockholders and affect the market price of our stock. As a result, if we fail to properly evaluate and execute acquisitions or investments, our business and prospects may be harmed.

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If we are unable to recruit or retain qualified personnel, our business and product development efforts could be harmed.

We must continue to identify, recruit, hire, train, retain and motivate highly skilled technical, managerial, sales and marketing and administrative personnel. Competition for these individuals is intense, and we may not be able to successfully recruit, assimilate or retain sufficiently qualified personnel. We may encounter difficulties in recruiting and retaining a sufficient number of qualified engineers, which could harm our ability to develop new products and adversely impact our relationships with existing and future end-users at a critical stage of development. The failure to recruit and retain necessary technical, managerial, sales, marketing and administrative personnel could harm our business and our ability to obtain new OEM customers and develop new products.

Our business will suffer if we are unable to protect our intellectual property.

Our success and ability to compete depends in large part upon protecting our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of patent, trade secret, copyright and trademark laws and non-disclosure and other contractual agreements to protect our proprietary rights. These agreements and measures may not be sufficient to protect our technology from third-party infringement. Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. Our attempts to enforce our intellectual property rights could be time consuming and costly. In the past, we have been involved in litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Additional litigation of this type may be necessary in the future. Any such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. If competitors are able to use our technology without our approval or compensation, our ability to compete effectively could be harmed.

Any significant order cancellations or order deferrals could adversely affect our operating results.

We typically sell products pursuant to purchase orders that customers can generally cancel or defer on short notice without incurring a significant penalty. Any significant cancellations or deferrals in the future could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Cancellations or deferrals could cause us to hold excess inventory, which could reduce our profit margins, increase product obsolescence and restrict our ability to fund our operations. We generally recognize revenue upon shipment of products to a customer. If a customer refuses to accept shipped products or does not pay for these products, we could miss future revenue projections or incur significant charges against our income, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results.

If our business grows, such growth may place a significant strain on our management and operations and, as a result, our business may suffer.

We are endeavoring to expand our business, and any growth that we are successful in achieving could place a significant strain on our management systems, infrastructure and other resources. To manage the potential growth of our operations and resulting increases in the number of our personnel, we will need to invest the necessary capital to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. Our controls, systems and procedures may prove to be inadequate should we experience significant growth. In addition, we may not have sufficient administrative staff to support our operations. For example, we currently have only four employees in our finance department in the United States, including our Chief Financial Officer. Furthermore, our officers have limited experience in managing large or rapidly growing businesses. If our management fails to respond effectively to changes in our business, our business may suffer.

Our operations involve the use of hazardous and toxic materials, and we must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive, and may affect our business and operating results.

We are subject to federal, state and local regulations relating to the use, handling, storage, disposal and human exposure to hazardous and toxic materials. If we were to violate or become liable under environmental laws in the future as a result of our inability to obtain permits, human error, accident, equipment failure or other causes,

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we could be subject to fines, costs, or civil or criminal sanctions, face property damage or personal injury claims or be required to incur substantial investigation or remediation costs, which could be material, or experience disruptions in our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, environmental laws could become more stringent over time imposing greater compliance costs and increasing risks and penalties associated with violations, which could harm our business.

We face increasing complexity in our product design as we adjust to new and future requirements relating to the material composition of our products, including the restrictions on lead and other hazardous substances that apply to specified electronic products put on the market in the European Union, China and California. Other countries, including at the federal and state levels in the United States, are also considering similar laws and regulations. Certain electronic products that we maintain in inventory may be rendered obsolete if they are not in compliance with such laws and regulations, which could negatively impact our ability to generate revenue from those products. Although we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any such new laws and regulations, they will likely result in additional costs, or in the worst case decreased revenue, and could even require that we redesign or change how we manufacture our products. Such redesigns result in additional costs and possible delayed or lost revenue.

Risks Related to Manufacturing and Product Development

We may experience difficulties in transitioning to smaller geometry process technologies and other more advanced manufacturing process technologies, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

In order to remain competitive, we expect to continue to transition the manufacture of our products to smaller geometry process technologies. This transition will require us to migrate to new manufacturing processes for our products and redesign certain products. The manufacture and design of our products is complex, and we may experience difficulty in transitioning to smaller geometry process technologies or new manufacturing processes. These difficulties could result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses. We are dependent on our relationships with TSMC to transition successfully to smaller geometry process technologies and to more advanced manufacturing processes. If we or TSMC experience significant delays in this transition or fail to implement these transitions, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Manufacturing process technologies are subject to rapid change and require significant expenditures for research and development.

We continuously evaluate the benefits of migrating to smaller geometry process technologies in order to improve performance and reduce costs. Historically, these migrations to new manufacturing processes have resulted in significant initial design and development costs associated with pre-production mask sets for the manufacture of new products with smaller geometry process technologies. For example, in the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we incurred approximately $1.0 million in research and development expense associated with a pre-production mask set that will not be used in production as part of the transition to our new 28 nanometer SRAM process technology for our APU product. We will incur similar expenses in the future as we continue to transition our products to smaller geometry processes. The costs inherent in the transition to new manufacturing process technologies will adversely affect our operating results and our gross margin.

Our products are complex to design and manufacture and could contain defects, which could reduce revenues or result in claims against us.

We develop complex products. Despite testing by us and our OEM customers, design or manufacturing errors may be found in existing or new products. These defects could result in a delay in recognition or loss of revenues, loss of market share or failure to achieve market acceptance. These defects may also cause us to incur significant warranty, support and repair costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts, result in a loss of market acceptance of our products and harm our relationships with our OEM customers. Our OEM customers could also seek and obtain damages from us for their losses. A product liability claim brought against us, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time consuming and costly to defend. Defects in

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wafers and other components used in our products and arising from the manufacturing of these products may not be fully recoverable from TSMC or our other suppliers.

Risks Related to Our International Business and Operations

Changes in Taiwan’s political, social and economic environment may affect our business performance.

Because much of the manufacturing and testing of our products is conducted in Taiwan, our business performance may be affected by changes in Taiwan’s political, social and economic environment. For example, political instability resulting from changes in the relationship among the United States, Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China could negatively impact our business. Any significant armed conflict related to this matter would be expected to materially and adversely damage our business. Moreover, the role of the Taiwanese government in the Taiwanese economy is significant. Taiwanese policies toward economic liberalization, and laws and policies affecting technology companies, foreign investment, currency exchange rates, taxes and other matters could change, resulting in greater restrictions on our ability and our suppliers’ ability to do business and operate facilities in Taiwan. If any of these changes were to occur, our business could be harmed and our stock price could decline.

Our international business exposes us to additional risks.

Products shipped to destinations outside of the United States accounted for 52.1%, 53.5%, 55.4% and 59.6% of our net revenues in the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Moreover, a substantial portion of our products is manufactured and tested in Taiwan, and the software development for our associative computing products occurs in Israel. We intend to continue expanding our international business in the future. Conducting business outside of the United States subjects us to additional risks and challenges, including:

potential political and economic instability in, or foreign conflicts that involve or affect, the countries in which we, our customers and our suppliers are located;

local authorities’ decisions regarding travel restrictions, stay-at-home orders, testing requirements and other policies to address public health crises such as the COVID-19 global pandemic which have an adverse impact on the economy and demand for our products;

uncertainties regarding taxes, tariffs, quotas, export controls and license requirements, trade wars, policies that favor domestic companies over nondomestic companies, including government efforts to provide for the development and growth of local competitors, and other trade barriers;

heightened price sensitivity from customers in emerging markets;

compliance with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations and unexpected changes in these laws and regulations;

fluctuations in freight rates and transportation disruptions;

difficulties and costs of staffing and managing personnel, distributors and representatives across different geographic areas and cultures, including assuring compliance with the U. S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other U. S. and foreign anti-corruption laws;

difficulties in collecting accounts receivable and longer accounts receivable payment cycles; and

limited protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.

Moreover, our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. However, a portion of our cost of revenues and our operating expenses is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the New Taiwanese dollar and Israeli Shekel. As a result, appreciation or depreciation of other currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar could result

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in transaction gains or losses that could impact our operating results. We do not currently engage in currency hedging activities to reduce the risk of financial exposure from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

TSMC, as well as our other independent suppliers and many of our OEM customers, have operations in the Pacific Rim, an area subject to significant risk of earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters and adverse consequences related to the outbreak of contagious diseases such as COVID-19.

The foundry that manufactures our Fast SRAM and APU products, TSMC, and all of the principal independent suppliers that assemble and test our products are located in Taiwan. Many of our customers are also located in the Pacific Rim. The risk of an earthquake in these Pacific Rim locations is significant. The occurrence of an earthquake, typhoon or other natural disaster near the fabrication facilities of TSMC or our other independent suppliers could result in damage, power outages and other disruptions that impair their production and assembly capacity. Any disruption resulting from such events could cause significant delays in the production or shipment of our products until we are able to shift our manufacturing, assembling, packaging or production testing from the affected contractor to another third-party vendor. In such an event, we may not be able to obtain alternate foundry capacity on favorable terms, or at all.

The COVID-19 global pandemic, along with the previous outbreaks of SARS, H1N1 and the Avian Flu, has curtailed travel between and within countries, including in the Asia-Pacific region. Outbreaks of new contagious diseases or the resurgence of existing diseases that significantly affect the Asia-Pacific region could disrupt the operations of our key suppliers and manufacturing partners. In addition, our business could be harmed if such an outbreak resulted in travel being restricted, the implementation of stay-at-home or shelter-in-place orders or if it adversely affected the operations of our OEM customers or the demand for our products or our OEM customers’ products.

We do not maintain sufficient business interruption and other insurance policies to compensate us for all losses that may occur. Any losses or damages incurred by us as a result of a catastrophic event or any other significant uninsured loss in excess of our insurance policy limits could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The United States could materially modify certain international trade agreements, or change tax provisions related to the global manufacturing and sales of our products.

A portion of our business activities are conducted in foreign countries, including Taiwan and Israel. Our business benefits from free trade agreements, and we also rely on various U.S. corporate tax provisions related to international commerce as we develop, manufacture, market and sell our products globally. Any action to materially modify international trade agreements, change corporate tax policy related to international commerce or mandate domestic production of goods, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our products are incorporated into advanced military electronics, and changes in international geopolitical circumstances and domestic budget considerations may hurt our business.

Some of our products are incorporated into advanced military electronics such as radar and guidance systems. Military expenditures and appropriations for such purchases rose significantly in recent years. However, if current U.S. military operations around the world are scaled back, demand for our products for use in military applications may decrease, and our operating results could suffer. Domestic budget considerations may also adversely affect our operating results. For example, if governmental appropriations for military purchases of electronic devices that include our products are reduced, our revenues will likely decline.

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Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and the Securities Market

The trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and is likely to be volatile.

The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

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the establishment of a market for our new associative computing products;

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actual or anticipated declines in operating results;

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changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;

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the institution of legal proceedings against us or significant developments in such proceedings;

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announcements by us or our competitors of financial results, new products, significant technological innovations, contracts, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures, capital commitments or other events;

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changes in industry estimates of demand for Very Fast SRAM, RadHard and RadTolerant products;

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the gain or loss of significant orders or customers;

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recruitment or departure of key personnel; and

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market conditions in our industry, the industries of our customers and the economy as a whole.

In recent years the stock market in general, and the market for technology stocks in particular, have experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. The market price of our common stock might experience significant fluctuations in the future, including fluctuations unrelated to our performance. These fluctuations could materially adversely affect our business relationships, our ability to obtain future financing on favorable terms or otherwise harm our business. In addition, in the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. This risk is especially acute for us because the extreme volatility of market prices of technology companies has resulted in a larger number of securities class action claims against them. Due to the potential volatility of our stock price, we may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. This could harm our business and cause the value of our stock to decline.

We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and which may cause dilution to existing stockholders.

We may need to seek additional funding in the future. We do not know if we will be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, if and when needed, we may not be able to develop or enhance our products, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements, and we may be required to reduce operating costs, which could seriously harm our business. In addition, if we issue equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution or the new equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock.

Our executive officers, directors and entities affiliated with them hold a substantial percentage of our common stock.

As of December 31, 2022, our executive officers, directors and entities affiliated with them beneficially owned approximately 31% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders will be able to exercise

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substantial influence over, and may be able to effectively control, matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, which could have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over or merging with us.

The provisions of our charter documents might inhibit potential acquisition bids that a stockholder might believe are desirable, and the market price of our common stock could be lower as a result.

Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors can fix the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock without any further vote or action by our stockholders. The issuance of shares of preferred stock might delay or prevent a change in control transaction. As a result, the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of our stockholders might be adversely affected. The issuance of preferred stock might result in the loss of voting control to other stockholders. We have no current plans to issue any shares of preferred stock. Our charter documents also contain other provisions, which might discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition, including:

our stockholders have no right to act by written consent;

our stockholders have no right to call a special meeting of stockholders; and

our stockholders must comply with advance notice requirements to nominate directors or submit proposals for consideration at stockholder meetings.

These provisions could also have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for our common stock. As a result, these provisions might prevent the market price of our common stock from increasing substantially in response to actual or rumored takeover attempts. These provisions might also prevent changes in our management.

Use of a portion of our cash reserves to repurchase shares of our common stock presents potential risks and disadvantages to us and our continuing stockholders.

Since November 2008, we have repurchased and retired an aggregate of 12,004,779 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $60.7 million, including 3,846,153 shares repurchased at a total cost of $25 million pursuant to a modified “Dutch auction” self-tender offer that we completed in August 2014 and additional shares repurchased in the open market pursuant to our stock repurchase program. At December 31, 2022, we had outstanding authorization from our Board of Directors to purchase up to an additional $4.3 million of our common stock from time to time under our repurchase program. Although our Board has determined that these repurchases are in the best interests of our stockholders, they expose us to certain risks including:

the risks resulting from a reduction in the size of our “public float,” which is the number of shares of our common stock that are owned by non-affiliated stockholders and available for trading in the securities markets, which may reduce the volume of trading in our shares and result in reduced liquidity and, potentially, lower trading prices;

the risk that our stock price could decline and that we would be able to repurchase shares of our common stock in the future at a lower price per share than the prices we have paid in our tender offer and repurchase program; and

the risk that the use of a portion of our cash reserves for this purpose has reduced, or may reduce, the amount of cash that would otherwise be available to pursue potential cash acquisitions or other strategic business opportunities.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Stock Repurchase Program

Our Board of Directors has authorized us to repurchase, at management’s discretion, shares of our common stock. Under the repurchase program, we may repurchase shares from time to time on the open market or in private transactions. The specific timing and amount of the repurchases will be dependent on market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors. The repurchase program may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, we did not repurchase any of our shares under the repurchase program.

Item 6.Exhibits


Exhibit Number		Name of Document
31.1		Certification of Lee-Lean Shu, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Douglas M. Schirle, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of Lee-Lean Shu, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Douglas M. Schirle, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Date: February 14, 2023

	GSI Technology, Inc.

	By:	/s/ LEE-LEAN SHU
		Lee-Lean Shu
		President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

	By:	/s/ DOUGLAS M. SCHIRLE
		Douglas M. Schirle
		Chief Financial Officer