HACKETT GROUP, INC. - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED January 1, 2021

OR

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                     TO                    

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 333-48123

The Hackett Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(305) 375-8005

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes   ☐     No   ☒  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes   ☐     No   ☒  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   ☒     No   ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes   ☒     No   ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ☐     No   ☒  

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $254,514,295 on June 26, 2020 based on the last reported sale price of the registrant’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding on March 8, 2021 was 30,244,060.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

THE HACKETT GROUP, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the information incorporated by reference in it include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend the forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements in these sections. All statements regarding our expected financial position and operating results, our business strategy, our financing plans and forecasted demographic and economic trends relating to our industry are forward-looking statements. These statements can sometimes be identified by our use of forward-looking words such as “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” or “intend” and similar expressions. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We cannot promise you that our expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements will turn out to be correct. Factors that could impact such forward-looking statements include, among others, the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and changes in worldwide and U.S. economic conditions that impact business confidence and the demand for our products and services, our ability to mitigate or manage disruptions posed by COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to effectively integrate acquisitions into our operations, our ability to retain existing business, our ability to attract additional business, our ability to effectively market and sell our product offerings and other services, the timing of projects and the potential for contract cancellation by our customers, changes in expectations regarding the business consulting and information technology industries, our ability to attract and retain skilled employees, possible changes in collections of accounts receivable due to the bankruptcy or financial difficulties of our customers, risks of competition, price and margin trends, foreign currency fluctuations, the impact of Brexit on our business and changes in general economic conditions, interest rates and our ability to obtain additional debt financing if needed. For a discussion of risks and actions taken in response to the coronavirus pandemic, see “Our results of operations have been adversely affected and could in the future be materially adversely impacted by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)” under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” An additional description of our risk factors is described in Part I – Item 1A. “Risk Factors”. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Many of the risks, uncertainties and other factors identified in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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PART I

ITEM  1. BUSINESS

GENERAL

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context otherwise requires, “The Hackett Group,” “Hackett,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to The Hackett Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries and predecessors. We were originally incorporated on April 23, 1997.

The Hackett Group is an intellectual property-based strategic consultancy and leading enterprise benchmarking and best practices implementation firm serving global companies. Services include benchmarking, executive advisory, business transformation, and cloud enterprise application implementation. The Hackett Group also provides dedicated expertise in business strategy, operations, finance, human capital management, strategic sourcing, procurement, and information technology, including its award-winning Oracle and SAP practices.

The Hackett Group has completed nearly 20,000 benchmarking and performance studies with major organizations, including 93% of the Dow Jones Industrials, 91% of the Fortune 100, 80% of the DAX 30 and 55% of the FTSE 100. These studies drive our Digital Transformation Platform (“DTP” or “Hackett DTP”) which includes the firm's benchmarking metrics, best practices repository, and best practice configuration and process flow accelerators, which enable The Hackett Group’s clients and partners to achieve world-class performance.

The rapid development and move to cloud applications and infrastructure along with improving analytics, mobile functionality and enhanced user experience is dramatically influencing the way businesses compete and deliver their services. This was further accelerated by the necessity to work remotely as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is redefining entire industries at an accelerated pace, forcing organizations to fundamentally change and adopt these new capabilities in order to remain competitive. Traditional sequential and linear-based business models are changing to fully networked and dynamic automated workflows and events with enhanced analytics. This era is very attractive to our sector since we believe clients will increasingly require organizational and technology implementation insight on what technology can deliver and what changes in business models are required to justify significant investments.  

We have repositioned all of our offerings to the emerging digital transformation opportunities which started by digitizing all of our benchmarking and best practices intellectual property (“IP”). We wanted to deliver our proprietary insight in new ways and to do so efficiently and whenever possible, virtually.   This also required us to change the way we go to market and engage clients, as well as added additional software implementation partners.   For example, we have:

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We continue to expect one of the key drivers for our growth to come from the growing leverage of our “wedge” or IP as a Service offerings, which include our Benchmarking and Best Practices Advisory, and our IP as a Service offerings which are enabled by our QL and DTP platforms.    

OUR PROPRIETARY BEST PRACTICE IMPLEMENTATION INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL

Hackett uses its proprietary benchmarking enterprise performance metrics and best practices repository intellectual capital to help clients improve their performance. Our benchmark offerings allow clients to empirically quantify their performance improvement opportunity at an actionable level. It also provides us visibility into how leading global companies deploy technology or organizational strategies to optimize their performance.  This insight results in a proprietary Best Practices Repository, as well as, best practice software configuration, process flows and organizational strategies.  Utilizing the benchmarking metrics and repository of best practices, combined with the global strategy and implementation insight of our transformation and technology associates, Hackett has also created a series of organizational and technology accelerators that allow clients to effect proven sustainable performance improvement.

During 2017, we launched the first version of the Hackett DTP which resulted in our new way to share and leverage our IP in a single platform.  This required us to digitize much of our intellectual capital and the way we shared it with our clients across our benchmarking, advisory, transformation and Cloud Enterprise application implementation solutions. Our ability to fully digitize our IP and align proven technology and organizational solutions to help clients drive transformational change allows us to highly differentiate our offerings.  It also allows us to engage and support clients more efficiently, remotely, and where appropriate continuously.

Our Hackett DTP leverages our inventory of Hackett-Certified best practices, observed through benchmark and other business transformation engagements, which correlate best practices with superior performance levels. We utilize Capability Maturity Models to better understand our clients’ capabilities and organizational maturity so that we can determine the level of performance that they can realistically pursue. In addition, we utilize Hackett’s intellectual capital in the form of best practice process flows and software configuration guides to integrate Hackett’s empirically proven best practices directly into business processes and workflows that are enabled by enterprise software applications. The repository of best practice processes and software configuration guides now reside in the new releases of our DTP.  This allows us to utilize our IP on client engagements to ensure that best practices are identified and implemented, whenever possible. This coordinated approach addresses people, process, information, and technology, all within the framework of our Hackett-Certified best practices.

Because Hackett solutions are based on Hackett-Certified best practices, we believe that clients gain significant advantages. Clients can have confidence that their solutions are based on strategies from the world’s leading companies. More importantly, Hackett’s solutions deliver enhanced efficiency, improved effectiveness, and reduced implementation risk.

The Hackett DTP, often begins with an assessment of a client’s performance, which is normally gained through benchmarking key processes and comparing the results to world-class levels and industry standards captured in the Hackett performance metrics database. We then help clients prioritize and select the appropriate best practices to implement through a coordinated performance improvement strategy. Without a coordinated strategy that addresses the seven key business components which include organization and governance, process design, process sourcing, service placement, information, enabling technology and skills and talent, we believe companies risk losing a significant portion of business case benefits with their investments. We have designed detailed best practice process flows based on Hackett’s deep knowledge of world-class business performance. This enables clients to streamline and automate key processes and generate performance improvements quickly and efficiently at both the functional and enterprise levels.

Similarly, we integrate Hackett-Certified best practices directly into technology solutions. We believe it is imperative that companies simplify and automate processes to meet best practice standards before new technology implementations and upgrades are completed. The automation of inefficient processes only serves to continue to drive up costs, cycle times and error rates. We have completed detailed fit-gap analyses in most functional areas of major business application packages including Oracle, SAP and other Enterprise applications to determine their ability to support best practices. Application-specific tools, implementation guides and process flows allow us to optimize the configuration of enterprise software applications. Hackett DTP enables the foundation for improved performance.

We believe the combination of optimized processes, best practice-based business applications and enhanced business analytics environments allow our clients to achieve and sustain significant business performance improvement. The specific client circumstances normally dictate how they engage us. Our goal is to be responsive to client needs, and to establish a continuous and trusted relationship. We have developed a series of offerings that allow us to efficiently help the client without regard to where they are in their performance improvement lifecycle.

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COMPETITION

The strategic business advisory and technology consulting marketplace continues to be extremely competitive. The marketplace will remain competitive as companies continue to look for ways to improve their organizational effectiveness. Our competitors include international accounting firms; international, national and regional strategic consulting and systems implementation firms; and the IT services divisions of application software firms. Mergers and acquisitions throughout our industry have resulted in higher levels of competition. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the industries in which we compete include: skills and capabilities of people, innovative services and product offerings, perceived ability to add value, reputation and client references, price, scope of services, service delivery approaches, technical and industry expertise, quality of services and solutions, ability to deliver results on a timely basis, availability of appropriate resources, and global reach and scale. We acknowledge that many of our competitors are larger, however we believe very few, if any, of our competitors have proprietary intellectual capital similar to the benchmarking-based performance metrics QL delivers and the insight within the Hackett DTP that supports our Transformational Benchmark, Best Practices Advisory and Business Transformation and Technology offerings.

Despite our size relative to our competitor group, we believe our competitive position is distinct. With Hackett’s best practice intellectual capital and our QL and DTP platforms, we believe we can empirically and digitally assist our clients. Our ability to apply best practices and benchmarking metrics to client operations via proven techniques is at the core of our competitive standing.

Similarly, we believe that Hackett is the definitive source for best practice performance metrics and strategies. Hackett has conducted nearly 20,000 benchmark and performance studies over 27 years at over 7,000 clients, generating proprietary data sets spanning multiple performance metrics and correlating best practices with superior performance. The combination of Hackett benchmark data, along with deep expertise and knowledge in evaluating, designing and implementing business transformation strategies leveraging our proprietary Best Practices Repository and other accelerators within DTP, delivers a powerful and distinct value proposition to our clients.

Our culture of client collaboration leverages the power of our cross-functional and service line teams to increase revenue and strengthen relationships. We believe that this culture, along with terrific talent and with our intellectual capital-centric approach, gives us a distinct competitive advantage.

STRATEGY

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the way we sell and deliver our services, as we quickly and successfully transitioned to a virtual and remote delivery model.   Our efforts in the last few years to fully digitize our IP and go to market through our QL and DTP platforms proved to be critical to our success.

Correspondingly, we remain focused on executing the following strategies:

We believe that clients that leverage our IP are more likely to allow us to serve them more broadly.  IP-based services enhance our opportunities to serve clients remotely, continuously and more profitably.  Our goal is to use our unique intellectual capital to establish a strategic relationship with our clients directly or through strategic alliances and channels and to further use that entry point to introduce our business transformation and technology capabilities.

The launch of QL and DTP should expand and attract new alliance partners that can leverage our unique benchmarking and best practices, software configuration and process flow IP to help them differentiate and sell their software or services solutions.  

If our clients need off-site access to our IP and advisors to help them either assess or execute transformation initiatives on their own, they can avail themselves of our Best Practices Advisory Programs or our new IP-as-a-Service offerings. The

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key is for the client to know that we can support them strategically by leveraging our unique IP and insight so that we are able to build a strategic relationship which is appropriate for them. We also believe that clients that value our IP will turn to us for other services when the need arises, allowing us over time to ascribe a larger amount of our total revenue to our existing client base, which will improve the predictability of our results. We continue to explore ways to leverage our IP through new external strategic partners and their channels. 

We launched a program with ADP that added a dedicated Hackett Best Practices advisory program to ADP’s Vantage HCM solution which has now expanded to cover their Workforce Now offering. Given our success with ADP and our investment in QL and DTP platforms, we are now in a stronger position to attract new alliance partners and to support and accelerate their sales initiatives as well as and their clients’ continuous improvement efforts.  We believe this capability is unique to Hackett given our strong brand permission, benchmarking capabilities and best practice IP.

OUR OFFERINGS

We offer a comprehensive range of services, including executive advisory programs, benchmarking, business transformation and technology consulting services. With strategic and functional knowledge in finance, human resources, information technology, procurement, supply chain management, corporate services, customer service, and sales and marketing, our expertise extends across the enterprise. We have completed successful engagements in a variety of industries, including automotive, consumer goods, financial services, technology, life sciences, manufacturing, media and entertainment, retail, telecommunications, transportation and utilities.

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The Hackett Group

STRATEGY & BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION GROUP

Our Advisory programs provide on-demand access to world-class performance metrics, peer-learning opportunities and best practice implementation advice. The scope of Hackett’s advisory programs is defined by business function (Executive Advisory), end-to-end process coverage (Process Advisory) and dedicated partner platforms. Our advisory programs include a mix of the following deliverables:

Our benchmarking group dates back to 1991 and has measured and evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of enterprise functions for over 7,000 organizations globally. This includes 93% of the Dow Jones Industrials, 91% of the Fortune 100, 80% of the DAX 30 and 55% of the FTSE 100. Ongoing studies are conducted in a wide range of areas, including selling, general and administrative, finance, human resources, information technology, procurement, enterprise performance management and shared services. Hackett has identified approximately 2,000 best practices for over 130 processes in these key functional areas and uses proprietary performance measurement tools and data collection processes that enable companies to complete the performance measurement cycle and identify and quantify improvement opportunities in as little as four weeks. Benchmarks are used by our clients to objectively establish priorities, generate organizational consensus, align compensation to establish performance goals and develop the required business case for business and technology investments.

Our Business Transformation practices help clients develop a coordinated strategy for achieving performance improvements across the enterprise. Our experienced teams utilize Hackett performance measurement data to link performance gains to industry best practices. Our strategic capabilities include operational assessments, process and organization design, change management and the effective application of technology. We combine best practices knowledge with business expertise and broad technology capabilities, which we believe enables our programs to optimize return on client investments in people, process, technology and information. We also maintain our procurement (Coupa and SAP Arriba) functionally led groups, as well as Workforce Management groups within this practice.

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ERP, EPM AND ANALYTICS (EEA) SOLUTIONS

Our EEA practice focuses on helping clients maximize the value of their investments in Cloud Enterprise Software and business analytics.  

          Our Oracle EEA practice helps clients choose and deploy Oracle applications that best meet their needs and objectives. In 2017, we acquired Oracle ERP and Cloud implementation capabilities.  This allowed us to greatly increase the size of our Oracle addressable market and strongly positioned us to be a strategic provider of Oracle’s rapidly growing cloud software and services market.  The software market is rapidly moving to cloud-based software, which led us to aggressively transition our Oracle EEA group from being primarily focused on the implementation of Oracle EPM on-premise software to the entire Oracle Cloud Enterprise Suite. We believe the actions we took to expand our Oracle Cloud capabilities from EPM on-premise to the entire Oracle Cloud ERP Suite have strongly positioned us to take advantage of this secular cloud migration growth opportunity. Another significant investment we made was to digitize all of our IP and to build our proprietary Hackett DTP. By specifically building one of our first versions around the Oracle Cloud application functionality, we believe we can quickly demonstrate how to optimize the configuration of Oracle Cloud applications to drive to its fully intended transformative outcome. We believe these moves align our EEA practices with the Oracle go-to-market strategy and will also allow us to use our unique best-practice implementation IP to demonstrate the value of Oracle Cloud apps for the Oracle sales channel. These improvements cover many aspects of service delivery, including process improvement, technology deployment, organizational alignment, information and data definition and skills and competency alignment.  Solutions typically reside in three primary areas: Core Financial Close and Consolidation, Integrated Business Planning, and Reporting / Advanced Analytics.  Solution innovations have taken the practice into areas such as Big Data, cloud technology data management and governance, and industry-specific analytic templates. 

         Our SAP Solutions practice helps clients choose and deploy S4 HANA applications that best meet their needs and objectives. Our expertise is focused on SAP ERP (with primary focus on Life Sciences and Consumer Goods).  The group offers comprehensive services from planning, architecture, and vendor evaluation and selection through implementation, customization, testing and integration. Comprehensive fit-gap analyses of all major packages against Hackett Best Practices are utilized by our SAP Solutions teams. Our tools and templates help integrate best practices into business and analytical applications. The group also offers post-implementation support, change management, exception management, process transparency, system documentation and end-user training, all of which are designed to enhance return on investment. We also provide off-shore application development and Application Maintenance and Support (“AMS”) services. These services include post-implementation support for select business application and infrastructure platforms. Our SAP Solutions group also includes a division responsible for the sale of the SAP suite of applications.

Our OneStream practice includes technical and transformational professionals that help clients choose and deploy OneStream XF Platform and Market Place solutions that best meet their needs and objectives in Corporate Performance Management (“CPM”).  The CPM market has responded to OneStream’s unified platform with significant growth and we expect that trend to continue.  To take advantage of this opportunity, Hackett has made a significant investment to grow the OneStream practice and we believe that we are strongly positioned as a OneStream strategic provider having recently been named a OneStream Diamond Partner.  Our rapid OneStream deployment methodologies enable clients to quickly realize benefits by integrating Hackett best practices and intellectual property into accelerated solutions utilizing OneStream.  This enables world class performance for complex financial consolidation, financial planning, reporting, analytics and data management challenges. The group also offers post-implementation support, change management, exception management, process improvement, robotics process automation, system documentation and end-user training, all of which are designed to enhance return on investment.

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CLIENTS

We focus on developing long-term client relationships with Global 2000 firms and other sophisticated buyers of business and IT consulting services. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, our ten most significant clients accounted for 22%, 22% and 22% of total revenue, respectively. In addition, during 2020, 2019 and 2018, our largest client generated 5%, 4% and 5% of total revenue, respectively. We have achieved a high level of satisfaction across our client base. We receive surveys from a significant number of our engagements which are utilized in a rigorous process to improve our delivery execution, sales processes, methodologies and training.

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING

Our extensive client base and relationships with Global 2000 firms remain our most significant sources of new business. Our revenue generation strategy is formulated to ensure that we are addressing multiple facets of business development. Our primary goal is to continue to increase awareness of our brand which we have created around Hackett’s empirical knowledge capital in the extended enterprise that we now serve. We have a regional sales and market development effort in both North America and Europe, so we can better coordinate the sales and marketing messages from our various offerings. Our compensation programs for our associates reflect an emphasis on optimizing our total revenue relationship with our clients. In our technology practice groups, we have continued to utilize Hackett intellectual capital as a way to differentiate the relationships we have with the software providers and with our clients. The categories below define our business development resources.

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES

Although virtually all of our advisors and consultants have the ability to and are expected to contribute to new revenue opportunities, our primary internal business development resources are comprised of the following:

In addition to our business development resources, we have a corporate marketing and communications organization responsible for overseeing our marketing programs, public relations and employee communications activities.

         We have organized our market focus into the following categories:

TALENT MANAGEMENT

We fully believe that our culture fosters intellectual creativity, collaboration and innovation. We believe in building relationships with both our associates and clients. We believe the best solutions come from teams of diverse individuals addressing problems collectively and from multiple dimensions, including the business, technological and human dimensions. We believe that the most effective working environment is one where everyone is encouraged to contribute and is rewarded for that contribution. Our core values are the strongest expression of our working style and represent what we stand for. These core values are:

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Our human resources staff includes seasoned professionals in North America, Europe, India and South America who support our practices by, among other things, administering our benefit programs, facilitating the hiring process and coordinating training activities. Our human resources staff also includes dedicated individuals who recruit consultants with both business and technology expertise. Our recruiting team supports our hiring process by focusing on the highest demand solution areas of our business to ensure an adequate pipeline of new associates. We also have an employee referral program, which rewards existing employees who source new hires.

As of January 1, 2021, we had 1,047 associates, excluding subcontractors, 80% of whom were billable professionals. We do not have any associates that are subject to collective bargaining arrangements, however, in France, our associates enjoy the benefit of certain government regulations based on industry classification. We have entered into nondisclosure and non-solicitation agreements with virtually all of our personnel. We also engage consultants as independent contractors pursuant to written agreements that contain non-disclosure and non-solicitation provisions.

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

One important way we put our values into action is through our commitment to the communities where we work. We do so by encouraging and supporting our associates communities and personal volunteer and service programs and social gatherings.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

We have obtained trademark registrations for The Hackett Group, Hackett Best Practices, World Class Defined and Enabled, Quantum Leap, Digital Excelleration, Intellectual Property As A Service and Book of Numbers, and own registrations for certain of our other trademarks in the United States and abroad that we use in our business and believe are important to protect. We believe that the protection of these marks is an important part of our strategy of increasing the brand recognition we have built around our empirical knowledge capital and the growing number of services we provide.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We make our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all exhibits and amendments to these reports, available free of charge at our website www.thehackettgroup.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Any material that we file with the SEC or at www.sec.gov.

Also available on our website, free of charge, are copies of our Code of Conduct and Ethics, Corporate Governance Guidelines, and the charters for the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee of our Board of Directors. We intend to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines applicable to our senior financial officers, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller on our website within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver.

ITEM  1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to risks. The following important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or printed elsewhere by management from time to time.

Business, Market and Strategy Risks

Our results of operations could be negatively affected by global and regional economic conditions.

Global and regional economic conditions may affect our clients’ businesses and the markets they serve. A substantial or prolonged economic downturn, weak or uncertain economic conditions or similar factors could adversely affect our clients’ financial condition which may reduce our clients’ demand for our services, force price reductions, cause project cancellations, or delay consulting services for which they have engaged us. For example, the recent coronavirus outbreak has created uncertainty in the global economy and could result in a reduction in spending on our services. In addition, if we are unable to successfully anticipate the changing economic conditions, we may be unable to effectively plan for and respond to those changes, and our business could be negatively affected.

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Our results of operations have been adversely affected and could in the future be materially adversely impacted by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. Our clients, and therefore our business and revenues, are sensitive to negative changes in general economic conditions and business confidence. We expect that the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operating revenue may continue until economic conditions improve.

We continue to work with our clients and employees to responsibly address this global pandemic. We will continue to monitor the situation and assess possible implications to our business and our clients and employees and will take appropriate actions in an effort to mitigate adverse consequences. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in any such mitigation efforts. The extent to which the coronavirus pandemic impacts our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration, severity and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on economic activity and actions taken in response; the effect on our clients and client demand for our services and solutions; the ability of our clients to pay for our services and solutions; and any closures of our clients’ offices and facilities. Clients may also slow down decision making, delay planned work or seek to terminate existing agreements. Any of these events could cause or contribute to the risks and uncertainties enumerated in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or stock price.

Our quarterly operating results may vary.

Our financial results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter in any given year and should not be used to predict future performance. In future quarters, our operating results may not meet analysts’ and investors’ expectations. If that happens, the price of our common stock may fall. Many factors can cause fluctuations in our financial results, including:

A high percentage of our operating expenses, particularly personnel and rent, are fixed in advance of any particular quarter. As a result, if we experience unanticipated changes in client engagements or in consultant utilization rates, we could experience large variations in quarterly operating results and losses in any particular quarter. Due to these factors, we believe our quarter-to-quarter operating results should not be used to predict future performance.

If we are unable to maintain our reputation and expand our brand name recognition, we may have difficulty attracting new business and retaining current clients and employees.

We believe that establishing and maintaining a good reputation and name recognition are critical for attracting and retaining clients and employees in our industry. We also believe that the importance of reputation and name recognition will continue to increase due to the number of providers of business consulting and IT services. If our reputation is damaged or if potential clients are not familiar with us or with the solutions we provide, we may be unable to attract new, or retain existing, clients and employees. Promotion and enhancement of our name will depend largely on our success in continuing to provide effective solutions. If clients do not perceive our solutions to be effective or of high quality, our brand name and reputation will suffer. In addition, if solutions we

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provide have defects, critical business functions of our clients may fail, and we could suffer adverse publicity as well as economic liability.

We depend heavily on a limited number of clients.

We have derived, and believe that we will continue to derive, a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of clients for which we perform large projects. In 2020, our ten largest clients accounted for 22% of our aggregate revenue. In addition, revenue from a large client may constitute a significant portion of our total revenue in any particular quarter. Our customer contracts generally can be cancelled for convenience by the customer upon 30 days’ notice. The loss of any of our large clients for any reason, including as a result of the acquisition of that client by another entity, our failure to meet that client’s expectations, the client’s decision to reduce spending on projects, or failure to collect amounts owed to us from our client could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our markets are highly competitive.

We may not be able to compete effectively with current or future competitors. The business consulting and IT services markets are highly competitive. We expect competition to further intensify as these markets continue to evolve. Some of our competitors have longer operating histories, larger client bases, longer relationships with their clients, greater brand or name recognition and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. As a result, our competitors may be in a stronger position to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in client requirements and to devote greater resources than we can to the development, promotion and sale of their services. Competitors could lower their prices, potentially forcing us to lower our prices and suffer reduced operating margins. We face competition from international accounting firms; international, national and regional strategic consulting and systems implementation firms; and the IT services divisions of application software firms.

In addition, there are relatively low barriers for entry into the business consulting and IT services market. We do not own any patented technology that would stop competitors from entering this market and providing services similar to ours. As a result, the emergence of new competitors may pose a threat to our business. Existing or future competitors may develop and offer services that are superior to, or have greater market acceptance, than ours, which could significantly decrease our revenue and the value of your investment.

We could lose money on our contracts.

As part of our strategy, from time to time, we enter into capped or fixed-price contracts, in addition to contracts based on payment for time and materials. Because of the complexity of many of our client engagements, accurately estimating the cost, scope and duration of a particular engagement can be a difficult task. We maintain an Office of Risk Management (“ORM”) that evaluates and attempts to mitigate delivery risk associated with complex projects. In connection with their review, ORM analyzes the critical estimates associated with these projects. If we fail to make these estimates accurately, we could be forced to devote additional resources to these engagements for which we will not receive additional compensation. To the extent that an expenditure of additional resources is required on an engagement, this could reduce the profitability of, or result in a loss on, the engagement. We may be unsuccessful in negotiating with clients regarding changes to the cost, scope or duration of specific engagements. To the extent we do not sufficiently communicate to our clients, or our clients fail to adequately appreciate the nature and extent of any of these types of changes to an engagement, our reputation may be harmed, and we may suffer losses on an engagement.

Lack of detailed written contracts could impair our ability to recognize revenue for services performed, collect fees, protect our IP and protect ourselves from liability to others.

We protect ourselves by entering into detailed written contracts with our clients covering the terms and contingencies of the client engagement. In some cases, however, consistent with what we believe to be industry practice, work is performed for clients on the basis of a limited statement of work or verbal agreement before a detailed written contract can be finalized. To the extent that we fail to have detailed written contracts in place, our ability to collect fees, protect our IP and protect ourselves from liability to others may be impaired.

We may lose large clients or may not be able to secure targeted follow-on work or achieve expected client retention rates.

Our client engagements are generally short-term arrangements, and most clients can reduce or cancel their contracts for our services with a 30 days’ notice and without penalty. As a result, if we lose a major client or large client engagement, our revenue will be adversely affected. We perform varying amounts of work for specific clients from year to year. A major client in one year may not use our services in another year. In addition, we may derive revenue from a major client that constitutes a large portion of total revenue for particular quarters. If we lose any major clients or any of our clients cancel programs or significantly reduce the scope of a large engagement, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Also, if we fail to collect a large accounts receivable balance, we could be subjected to significant financial exposure. Consequently, you should

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not predict or anticipate our future revenue based upon the number of clients we currently have or the number and size of our existing client engagements.

We also derive a portion of our revenue from annual memberships for our Executive Advisory Programs. Our growth prospects therefore depend on our ability to achieve and sustain renewal rates on programs and to successfully launch new programs. Failure to achieve expected renewal rate levels or to successfully launch new programs and services could have an adverse effect on our operating results.

The market price of our common stock may fluctuate widely.

The market price of our common stock could fluctuate substantially due to:

In addition, the stock prices of many business and technology services companies fluctuate widely for reasons which may be unrelated to operating results. Fluctuation in the market price of our common stock may impact our ability to finance our operations and retain personnel.

Operational Risks

We have risks associated with potential acquisitions or investments.

Since our inception, we have expanded through acquisitions. In the future, we plan to pursue additional acquisitions as opportunities arise. We may not be able to successfully integrate businesses which we may acquire in the future without substantial expense, delays or other operational or financial problems. We may not be able to identify, acquire or profitably manage additional businesses. Also, acquisitions may involve a number of risks, including:

Client dissatisfaction or performance problems at a single acquired business could have a material adverse impact on our reputation as a whole. Further, we cannot assure you that our future acquired businesses will generate anticipated revenue or earnings.

Difficulties in integrating businesses we acquire in the future may demand time and attention from our senior management.

Integrating businesses that we acquire in the future may involve unanticipated delays, costs and/or other operational and financial problems. In integrating acquired businesses, we may not achieve expected economies of scale or profitability or realize sufficient revenue to justify our investment. If we encounter unexpected problems as we try to integrate an acquired firm into our business, our management may be required to expend time and attention to address the problems, which would divert their time and attention from other aspects of our business.

We may not be able to hire, train, motivate, retain and manage professional staff.

To succeed, we must hire, train, motivate, retain and manage highly skilled employees. Competition for skilled employees who can perform the services we offer is intense. We might not be able to hire enough skilled employees or train, motivate, retain and manage the employees we hire. This could hinder our ability to complete existing client engagements and bid for new ones. Hiring, training, motivating, retaining and managing employees with the skills we need is time-consuming and expensive.

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We rely on information management systems and any damage, interruption or compromise of our information management systems or data could disrupt and harm our business.

We rely upon information technology systems and networks, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit, and store electronic information in connection with the operation of our business. Additionally, we collect and store data that is sensitive to our company. Operating these information technology systems and networks and processing and maintaining this data, in a secure manner, are critical to our business operations and strategy. Our information management systems and the data contained therein may be vulnerable to damage, including interruption due to power loss, system and network failures, operator negligence and similar causes.

The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems are constantly evolving and often are not recognized until launched against a target, or even some time after. We may be unable to anticipate these techniques, implement adequate preventative measures or remediate any intrusion on a timely or effective basis even if our security measures are appropriate, reasonable, and/or comply with applicable legal requirements. Certain efforts may be state-sponsored and supported by significant financial and technological resources, making them even more sophisticated and difficult to detect. Insider or employee cyber and security threats are also a significant concern for all companies, including ours. Given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of such disruptions, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services to our customers, the compromising, misappropriation, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems or networks, financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, and/or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. Any significant compromise of our information management systems or data could impede or interrupt our business operations and may result in negative consequences including loss of revenue, fines, penalties, litigation, reputational damage, inability to accurately and/or timely complete required filings with government entities including the SEC and the Internal Revenue Service, unavailability or disclosure of confidential information (including personal information) and negative impact on our stock price.

Global Operational Risks

We earn revenue, incur costs and maintain cash balances in multiple currencies, and currency fluctuations could adversely affect our financial results.

We have international operations, where we earn revenue and incur costs in various foreign currencies, primarily the British Pound, and the Euro. Doing business in these foreign currencies exposes us to foreign currency risks in numerous areas, including revenue, purchases, payroll and investments. Certain foreign currency exposures are naturally offset within an international business unit, because revenue and costs are denominated in the same foreign currency, and certain cash balances are held in U.S. Dollar denominated accounts. However, due to the increasing size and importance of our international operations, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could materially impact our results.

Our cash position includes amounts denominated in foreign currencies. We manage our worldwide cash requirements considering available funds from our subsidiaries and the cost effectiveness with which these funds can be accessed. The repatriation of cash balances from certain of our subsidiaries outside the U.S. could have adverse tax consequences and be limited by foreign currency exchange controls. However, those balances are generally available in the local jurisdiction without legal restrictions to fund ordinary business operations. Any fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could materially impact the availability and amount of these funds available for transfer.

The U.K.’s departure from the EU could adversely affect us.

We are subject to risks and uncertainties associated with the U.K.’s withdrawal from the E.U. (referred to as “Brexit”), including implications for the free flow of labor and goods in the U.K. and the E.U. and other financial, legal, tax and trade implications.  Brexit could cause disruptions to and create uncertainty surrounding our business in the U.K, including affecting our relationships with our existing and future customers, suppliers and employees, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial results and operations. In addition, developments regarding Brexit may also create global economic uncertainty, which may cause our customers, particularly those who do business in the U.K., to closely monitor their costs and reduce their spending on our solutions and services.

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Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks

Our corporate governance provisions may deter a financially attractive takeover attempt.

Provisions of our charter and by-laws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition which shareholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which shareholders would receive a premium for their shares. These provisions include the following:

If we are unable to protect our IP rights or infringe on the IP rights of third parties, our business may be harmed.

We rely upon a combination of nondisclosure and other contractual arrangements and trade secrets, copyright and trademark laws to protect our proprietary rights and the proprietary rights of third parties from whom we license IP. Although we enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and limit distribution of proprietary information, there can be no assurance that the steps we have taken in this regard will be adequate to deter misappropriation of our IP, or that we will be able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce our IP rights.

Although we believe that our services do not infringe on the IP rights of others and that we have all rights necessary to utilize the IP employed in our business, we are subject to the risk of claims alleging infringement of third-party IP rights. Any claims could require us to spend significant sums in litigation, pay damages, develop non-infringing IP or acquire licenses to the IP that is the subject of asserted infringement.

Data privacy and information security may require significant resources and presents certain risks.

We collect, store, have access to and otherwise process certain confidential or sensitive data, including proprietary business information, personal data or other information that is subject to privacy and security laws, regulations and/or customer-imposed controls. We operate in an environment in which data privacy regulatory and legal framework is evolving quickly and varies by jurisdiction. We cannot predict the cost of compliance with future data privacy laws, regulations and standards, or future interpretations of current laws, regulations and standards, related to privacy and cybersecurity or the potential effects on our business. 

As a company doing business in Europe, we are also subject to European data protection laws and regulations. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation, which took effect in May 2018, superseded prior European Union data protection legislation and imposes more stringent requirements in how we collect and process personal data and provides for significantly greater penalties for noncompliance; and several other countries have passed laws that require personal data relating to their citizens to be maintained on local servers and impose additional data transfer restrictions. In addition, we are also subject to and affected by new state privacy and data security laws such as the recently implemented California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”). The CCPA became effective January 1, 2020 and imposes additional data privacy requirements on many businesses operating in the state, including, potentially, with respect to employee data.  In addition, in 2020 several states introduced varying comprehensive privacy laws modeled to some degree on the CCPA and/or the GDPR. Compliance with multiple country and state laws containing varying requirements could be complicated and costly.  Government enforcement actions can be costly and interrupt the regular operation of our business, and violations of data privacy laws can result in fines, reputational damage and civil lawsuits, any of which may adversely affect our business, reputation and financial statements.

Replacement of the LIBOR benchmark interest rate could increase our cost of borrowing and interest expense.    

The London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) is used as an interest rate benchmark for establishing the variable rates of interest under our revolving credit facility. LIBOR has been the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit the rates to calculate LIBOR after 2021. On November 30, 2020, ICE Benchmark Administration, the current administrator of LIBOR, announced that it intends to cease publication of 1-week and 2-month LIBOR at the end of 2021 and, subject to compliance with applicable regulations, including as to representativeness, it does not intend to cease publication of the remaining LIBOR tenors until June 30, 2023.  It is uncertain whether LIBOR will be available as a benchmark for pricing our floating rate indebtedness until, or after, June 30, 2023. The consequences of the phase-out of LIBOR cannot be entirely predicted, but could result in new interest rate benchmarks, which could result in an increase in our variable rates of interest and interest expense.

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ITEM  1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our principal executive office is currently located at 1001 Brickell Bay Drive, Floor 30, Miami, Florida 33131. As of January 1, 2021, we had operating leases that expire on various dates through June 2024. During the fourth quarter of 2020, as a result of and in consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce, the Company evaluated its existing office space leases as part of its transformation initiatives related to real estate. This evaluation resulted in the complete and partial abandonment of certain leased office spaces and an asset impairment charge for certain lease right-of-use assets and certain property, equipment and leasehold improvements for impairment.

We do not own real estate and do not intend to invest in real estate or real estate-related assets.

ITEM  3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business not specifically discussed herein. In the opinion of management, the final disposition of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

ITEM  4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is traded under the NASDAQ Stock Market symbol, "HCKT". The closing sale price for the common stock on March 8, 2021, was $17.20.

As of March 8, 2021, there were 231 holders of record of our common stock and 30,244,060 shares of common stock outstanding.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The information required by this section is set forth under Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is herein incorporated by reference.

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Performance Graph

The following graph compares our cumulative total shareholder return since January 1, 2016 with the NASDAQ Composite Index, Russell 2000 and a peer group index composed of other companies with similar business models identified below. We are electing to change from the NASDAQ Composite Index to the Russell 2000 Index and we have updated our Peer group as we believe the Russell 2000 Index and the new Peer group are a closer representation of our market capitalization.. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock and each index (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on January 1, 2016.

The 2020 Peer Group includes Alithya Group Inc. (formerly known as Edgewater Technology, Inc.), Huron Consulting Group, Inc. and Information Services Group, Inc. The 2019 Peer Group includes FTI Consulting, Inc., Huron Consulting Group, Inc. and Information Services Group, Inc.

Company Dividend Policy

In December 2012, we announced an annual dividend of $0.10 per share, and we have been gradually increasing the dividend for our shareholders since the announcement. In 2018, 2019 and 2020, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the annual dividend to $0.34 per share, $0.36 per share, and $0.38 per share, respectively.  In addition, during 2020, the Board of Directors approved the increase in the frequency of dividend payments from semi-annual to a quarterly. During fiscal 2020, we paid the semi-annual dividend declared in December 2019 of $5.8 million in January 2020 and we paid the quarterly dividend to shareholders of record on June 30, 2020, September 25, 2020 and December 18, 2020, totaling $9.1 million. Our credit agreement contains restrictions on our ability to declare dividends and repurchase shares.  Subsequent to fiscal year end the Board of Directors increased the annual dividend to $0.40 per share and declared the first quarterly dividend of 2021. The declaration of dividends shall at all times

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be subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors that a dividend is prudent and unlawful at that time in consideration of the needs of the business and other factors including the ability to pay dividends under our credit agreement.

Purchases of Equity Securities

We have an ongoing authorization from our Board of Directors to repurchase shares of our common stock. The repurchase plan was first announced on July 30, 2002.  All repurchases under this program are discretionary and are made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, subject to market conditions and trading restrictions. There is no expiration date on the current authorization. The following table summarizes our share repurchases during the year ended January 1, 2021 under this authorization:

As of January 1, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors had approved a cumulative authorization of $147.2 million with cumulative purchases under the plan of $142.9 million, leaving $4.3 million available for future purchases. During the year ended January 1, 2021, the Company repurchased 184 thousand shares of its common stock under the repurchase plan approved by the Company's Board of Directors for $2.4 million at an average share price of $12.84, which included 37 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock from members of our Board of Directors for a total of $0.7 million, or $17.43 per share. All shares repurchased from members of the Board of Directors were approved by the Audit Committee. During the year ended December 27, 2019, the Company repurchased 339 thousand shares of its common stock under the repurchase plan approved by the Company's Board of Directors for $5.3 million at an average share price of $15.60, which included 28 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock from members of our Board of Directors for a total of $0.5 million, or $16.25 per share. Subsequent to fiscal year end, we repurchased 24 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock from members of our Board of Directors for a total of $0.4 million, or $16.05 per share. Including these subsequent purchases, we have approximately $3.9 million available for future purchases under the plan.

Shares purchased under the repurchase plan do not include shares withheld to satisfy withholding tax obligations. These withheld shares are never issued and in lieu of issuing the shares, taxes were paid on our employee’s behalf.  In 2020, 139 thousand shares were withheld and not issued for a cost of $2.1 million, bringing the total cumulative cash used to repurchase stock in 2020 to $4.5 million. In 2019, 132 thousand shares were withheld and not issued for a cost of $2.5 million, bringing the total cumulative cash used to repurchase stock in 2019 to $7.8 million.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following consolidated financial data sets forth our selected financial information as of and for each of the years in the five-year period ended January 1, 2021, and has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The selected consolidated financial data should be read together with our consolidated financial statements, related notes thereto and with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

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ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

Hackett, originally incorporated on April 23, 1997, is a leading strategic advisory and technology consulting firm that enables companies to achieve world-class business performance. By leveraging the comprehensive Hackett database, the world’s leading repository of enterprise business process performance metrics and best practice intellectual capital, our business and technology solutions help clients improve performance and maximize returns on technology investments.

Hackett is a strategic advisory firm and a world leader in best practice research, benchmarking and business transformation services which empirically defines and enables world-class enterprise performance. Hackett empirically defines world-class performance in sales, general and administrative and certain supply chain activities with analysis gained through nearly 20,000 benchmark and performance studies over 27 years at over 7,000 of the world’s leading companies.

Hackett’s combined capabilities include executive advisory programs, benchmarking, business transformation and technology solutions, with corresponding offshore support. In addition, we are identifying new opportunities for our benchmarking and best practice intellectual property by leveraging new channels through strategic alliances to introduce new recurring revenue, high margin offerings that could redefine our organizational model that we have started to refer to as “IP as a Service” business.

In the following discussion, Strategy and Business Transformation Group includes the results of our North America IP as-a-service offerings, which include our Executive Advisory Programs and Benchmarking Services, and our Business Transformation Practices (S&BT). ERP, EPM and Analytics Solutions includes the results of our North America Oracle EEA and SAP Solutions Practices (EEA). International includes results of our S&BT and EEA Practices, primarily in Europe.

COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Our Business

The level of revenue we achieve is based on our ability to deliver market leading services and solutions and to deploy skilled teams of professionals quickly. Our results of operations are affected by economic conditions, including macroeconomic conditions and levels of business confidence. Despite the disruption in March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations during the first quarter of 2020. However, our net revenue and diluted earnings per share were negatively impacted for the remainder of 2020, due to adverse economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we expect negative impacts to continue until economic conditions improve. A prolonged economic downturn as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, weak or uncertain economic conditions or similar factors could adversely affect our clients’ financial condition which may further reduce our clients’ demand for our services.  

We are actively managing our business to respond to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We have reduced employee headcount and employee travel to only essential business needs and most of our employees have been working remotely from home. We are generally following the requirements and protocols published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization, and state and local governments. We cannot predict when or how we will begin to lift the actions put in place.

As a response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we have implemented plans to manage our costs and preserve cash. We have significantly limited the addition of new employees and third party contracted services, eliminated all travel except where necessary to meet customer needs, and limited discretionary spending. At the end of June 2020, we reduced our global workforce by approximately 10% and recorded a $5.0 million restructuring charge. All client concessions and accounts receivable allowances have been appropriately reflected in our financial statements. During the fourth quarter of 2020, as a result of and in consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the changing nature of our use of office space for its workforce, we evaluated our existing office leases as part of our transformation initiatives related to real estate. This evaluation resulted in the complete and partial abandonment of certain leased office spaces and an asset impairment charge of $3.9 million for certain lease right-of-use assets and certain property, equipment and leasehold improvements. To the extent the business disruption continues for an extended period, additional cost management actions will be considered.  All future asset impairment charges, increases in allowance for doubtful accounts, or restructuring charges will be dependent on the severity and duration of the pandemic.

In light of the evolving health, social, economic and business environment, governmental regulations or mandates, and business disruptions that could occur, the potential impact that COVID-19 could have on our financial condition and operating results remains highly uncertain.

For more information, see “Our results of operations have been adversely affected and could in the future be materially adversely impacted by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19),” under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

Critical Accounting Policies

In the ordinary course of business, we make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of results of operations and financial position in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies. These policies require management to exercise judgment on issues that are often difficult, subjective and complex due to the necessity of estimating the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

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Revenue Recognition

We generate substantially all of our revenue from providing professional services to our clients. We also generate revenue from software licenses, software support and maintenance, as well as subscriptions to our executive and best practices advisory programs. A single contract could include one or multiple performance obligations. For those contracts that have multiple performance obligations, we allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price.  We determine the standalone selling price based on the respective selling price of the individual elements when they are sold separately.  

Revenue is recognized when control of the goods and services provided are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services using the following steps: 1) identify the contract, 2) identify the performance obligations, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and 5) recognize revenue as or when we satisfy the performance obligations.  

We typically satisfy our performance obligations for professional services over time as the related services are provided. The performance obligations related to software support, maintenance and subscriptions to our executive and best practice advisory programs are typically satisfied evenly over the course of the service period. Other performance obligations, such as software licenses, are satisfied at a point in time.

We generate our revenue under four types of billing arrangements: fixed-fee (including software license revenue); time-and-materials; executive and best practice advisory services; and software sales, maintenance and support.

In fixed-fee billing arrangements, which would also include contracts with capped fees, we agree to a pre-established fee or fee cap in exchange for a predetermined set of professional services. We set the fees based on our estimates of the costs and timing for completing the engagements. We generally recognize revenue under fixed-fee or capped fee arrangements using a proportionate performance approach, which is based on work completed to-date as compared to estimates of the total services to be provided under the engagement. Estimates of total engagement revenue and cost of services are monitored regularly during the term of the engagement. If our estimates indicate a potential loss, such loss is recognized in the period in which the loss first becomes probable and reasonably estimable. The customer is invoiced based on the contractual agreement between the parties, typically bi-weekly, monthly or milestone driven, with net thirty-day terms.

Time-and-material billing arrangements require the client to pay based on the number of hours worked by our consultants at agreed upon hourly rates. We recognize revenue under time-and-material arrangements as the related services or goods are provided, using the right to invoice practical expedient which allows us to recognize revenue in the amount based on the number of hours worked and the agreed upon hourly rates.  The customer is invoiced based on the contractual agreement between the parties, typically bi-weekly, monthly or milestone driven, with net thirty-day terms.

Advisory services contracts are typically in the form of a subscription agreement which allows the customer access to our executive and best practice advisory programs.  There is typically a single performance obligation and the transaction price is the contractual amount of the subscription agreement.  Revenue from advisory service contracts is recognized ratably over the life of the agreements.  Customers are typically invoiced at the inception of the contract, with net thirty-day terms.

The resale of software and maintenance contracts are in the form of SAP America software license or maintenance agreements provided by SAP America.  SAP is the principal and we are the agent in these transactions as we do not obtain title to the software and maintenance which is sold simultaneously.  The transaction price is our agreed-upon percentage of the software license or maintenance amount in the contract with the vendor.  Revenue for the resale of software licenses is recognized upon contract execution and customer’s receipt of the software. Revenue from maintenance contracts is recognized ratably over the life of the agreements.  The customer is typically invoiced at contract inception, with net thirty-day terms.

Expense reimbursements that are billable to clients are included in total revenue and are substantially all billed as time-and-material billing arrangements.  Therefore, we recognize all reimbursable expenses as revenue as the related services are provided, using the right to invoice practical expedient. Reimbursable expenses are recognized as expenses in the period in which the expense is incurred.  Any expense reimbursements that are billable to clients under fixed-fee billing arrangements are recognized in line with the proportionate performance approach.  

The payment terms and conditions in our customer contracts vary. The agreements entered into in connection with a project, whether time-and-materials-based or fixed-fee or capped-fee based, typically allow clients to terminate early due to breach or for convenience with 30 days’ notice. In the event of termination, the client is typically contractually required to pay for all time, materials and expenses incurred by us through the effective date of the termination. In addition, from time to time we enter into agreements with our clients that limit its ability to enter into business relationships with specific competitors of that client for a specific time period. These provisions typically prohibit us from performing a defined range of services which it might otherwise be willing to perform for potential clients. These provisions are generally limited to three to six months and usually apply only to specific employees or the specific project team.

Differences between the timing of billings and the recognition of revenue are recognized as either contract assets or contract liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognized for services performed but not yet billed to clients are recorded as contract assets. Revenue recognized, but for which we are not yet entitled to bill because of certain events, such as the completion of the measurement period, are recorded as contract assets and included within contract assets. Client prepayments are classified as contract liabilities and recognized over future periods as earned in accordance with the applicable engagement agreement. See Note 3, “Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, Net” and Note 5 “Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities” to our

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consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. During the 12 months ended January 1, 2021, we recognized $9.2 million of revenue as a result of changes in the contract liability balance, as compared to $7.7 million for the twelve months ended December 27, 2019, respectively.

The following table reflects our disaggregation of revenue before reimbursements from continuing operations for the twelve months ended January 1, 2021, December 27, 2019 and December 28, 2018:

Capitalized Sales Commissions

Sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and then amortized as project revenue is recognized.  We determined the period of amortization by taking into consideration the customer contract period, which is generally less than 12 months. Commission expense is included in Selling, General and Administrative Costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of January 1, 2021 and December 27, 2019, we had $1.5 million, and $1.6 million, respectively, of deferred commissions, of which $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, was amortized during the twelve months ended January 1, 2021 and December 27, 2019, respectively. No impairment loss was recognized relating to the capitalization of deferred commission.

Practical Expedients

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.  We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be less than one year.

Sales tax collected from customers and remitted to the applicable taxing authorities is accounted for on a net basis, with no impact on revenue.

Expense reimbursements that are billable to clients are included in total revenue and are substantially all billed as time-and-material billing arrangements.  Therefore, we recognize all reimbursable expenses as revenue as the related services are provided, using the right to invoice practical expedient. Reimbursable expenses are recognized as expenses in the period in which the expense is incurred.  Any expense reimbursements that are billable to clients under fixed-fee billing arrangements are recognized in line with the proportionate performance approach.  

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from our clients not making required payments. Periodically, we review accounts receivable to assess our estimates of collectability. Management critically reviews accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, past-due accounts, client credit worthiness and current economic trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. If the financial condition of our clients were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Long-Lived Assets (excluding Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets)

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If an evaluation is required, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset are compared to the asset’s carrying amount to determine if there has been an impairment. The amount of an impairment is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the asset and the carrying value. Estimates of future undiscounted cash flows are based on management’s view of growth rates for the related business, anticipated future economic conditions and estimates of residual values.

Business Combinations

For transactions that are considered business combinations, we utilize fair values in determining the carrying values of the purchased assets and assumed liabilities, which are recorded at fair value at acquisition date, and identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value. Costs directly related to the business combinations are recorded as expenses as they are incurred. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of an acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values become available. A bargain purchase gain on an acquisition occurs when the net of the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the consideration paid.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but rather are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate potential impairment. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives and are subject to impairment evaluations. The excess cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment at the reporting unit level. The reporting units are The Hackett Group (including Benchmarking, Business Transformation, Business Transformation EPM, Strategy and Operations, Executive Advisory Programs and Robotics Process Automation) and Hackett Technology Solutions (including SAP ERP and AMS, Oracle EPM and EPM AMS). In assessing the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, we make estimates based on assumptions regarding various factors to determine if impairment tests are met. These estimates contain management’s judgment, using appropriate and customary assumptions available at the time. We performed our annual step one impairment test of our goodwill in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 and determined that goodwill was not impaired.

Other intangible assets are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If an evaluation is required, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset are compared to the asset’s carrying amount to determine if there has been an impairment. The amount of an impairment is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the asset and the carrying value. Estimates of future undiscounted cash flows are based on management’s view of growth rates for the related business, anticipated future economic conditions and estimates of residual values. Other intangible assets arise from business combinations and consist of customer relationships, customer backlog, non-compete agreements and trademarks that are amortized on a straight-line or accelerated basis over periods of up to five years.

Stock Based Compensation

We recognize compensation expense for awards of equity and liability instruments to employees based on the grant-date fair value of those awards, over the requisite service period, with limited exceptions.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting carrying values and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured by using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income taxes also reflect the impact of certain state operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided if we believe it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. An increase or decrease in the valuation allowance, if any, that results from a change in circumstances, and which causes a change in our judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset, is included in the current tax provision.

We adopted a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods and income tax disclosures. We report penalties and tax-related interest expense as a component of income tax expense.

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Results of Operations

Our fiscal year generally consists of a 52-week period and periodically consists of a 53-week period as each fiscal year ends on the Friday closest to December 31. Fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, ended on January 1, 2021, December 27, 2019, and December 28, 2018, respectively. References to a year included in this document refer to a fiscal year rather than a calendar year.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our results of operations and the percentage relationship to revenue before reimbursements of such results (in thousands, except per share amounts).

Comparison of 2020 to 2019

Overview. For fiscal year 2020, revenue before reimbursements decreased 10% to $234.8 million, as compared to fiscal year 2019. Fiscal year 2020 results included restructuring charges for the reduction of staff in the U.S. and Europe and the impairment of our operating lease right-of-use assets and certain property, equipment and leasehold improvements relating to the reduction in office space as we have transitioned towards a remote work environment. Together, these items negatively impacted dilutive earnings per share by $0.24. Fiscal year 2019 results included restructuring charges relating to the reduction of staff in Australia and Europe and the impairment of assets related to the Hackett Institute’s Enterprise Analytic Program. Together, these items negatively impacted dilutive earnings per share by $0.12.

Revenue. We are a global company with operations primarily in the United States and Western Europe.  Our revenue is denominated in multiple currencies, primarily the U.S. Dollar, British Pound, Euro and Australian Dollar, and as a result is affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations. The impact of the currency fluctuation did not have a significant impact on comparisons between 2020 and 2019. Revenue is analyzed based on geographic location of engagement team personnel. 

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The following table sets forth revenue by group for the periods indicated (in thousands):  

Our total Company revenue from continuing operations and before reimbursements decreased 10%, to $234.8 million in 2020, as compared to $260.8 million in 2019. Our North American revenue from continuing operations and before reimbursements decreased 6% and our international revenue from continuing operations and before reimbursements decreased 36% in 2020, as compared to 2019.  Net revenue and reimbursable expenses were both affected from the economic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic and as we transitioned to a remote service delivery model throughout the U.S. and Europe. Reimbursable expenses are project and travel-related expenses passed through to a client with no margin associated with them. Reimbursable expenses as a percentage of net revenue were 2% in 2020, as compared to 8% in 2019.

In 2020 and 2019, no customer accounted for more than 5% of our total revenue.

S&BT net revenue from continuing operations decreased 17% in 2020, to $88.7 million as compared to $107.1 million in 2019. This group’s business transformation practice was disrupted by the impact of the pandemic.

EEA net revenue from continuing operations increased 5% in 2020, to $122.6 million, as compared to $116.9 million in 2019, primarily driven by strong growth in our SAP S4 HANA implementation and Reseller practices, as well as our Oracle Cloud ERP and OneStream practices. The strong growth was partially offset by declines in our Oracle EPM practice.

Hackett U.S. net revenue from continuing operations represented 90% of our total Company net revenue during 2020 and as compared to 86% in 2019.

Hackett international net revenue from continuing operations decreased 36% in 2020, as compared to 2019. Europe continues to be impacted by lengthened client decision-making from economic uncertainty, which has been further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.  Total Company international net revenue from continuing operations accounted for 10% of our total revenue in 2020, as compared to 14% in 2019.

Cost of Service. Cost of service primarily consists of salaries, benefits and incentive compensation for consultants and subcontractor fees; acquisition-related cash and stock compensation costs; non-cash stock compensation expense; and reimbursable expenses associated with projects.

Personnel costs from continuing operations decreased 3%, to $154.3 million in 2020, from $159.4 million in 2019. The decrease in personnel costs in 2020 were primarily due to the restructuring actions that were implemented in 2020 which included a reduction of approximately 10% of the global workforce. Personnel costs before reimbursable expenses and as a percentage of revenue before reimbursements 66% in 2020, as compared to 61% in 2019. 

Non-cash stock compensation expense from continuing operations was $6.3 million in 2020 and $3.8 million in 2019.  This increase was primarily driven by a new retention-based non-cash incentive compensation program effective in 2020 for our key practice leaders. Historically, annual performance grants are amortized over a three-year vesting period after the performance year.  However, due to competitive market conditions for these key employees, a program change was effected whereby 50% of their annual performance stock opportunity was granted based on the achievement of certain non-financial objectives and the grants vest at the end of the performance year, assuming the objectives were met.   In addition, there were some acceleration of expense associated with COVID-19 related terminations and the finalization of the Jibe acquisition earnout liability.  See Note 10, “Stock Based Compensation” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

The acquisition related compensation expense in 2020 and compensation benefit in 2019 both related to the accrual for the cash portion of contingent consideration related to acquisitions, all of which was subject to service vesting and as a result is recorded as compensation expense. The majority of these liabilities were settled during the fourth quarter of 2019.

Acquisition related non-cash stock compensation expense in 2020 and 2019 related to equity awards issued in relation to acquisitions.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”). SG&A costs from continuing operations, excluding non-cash compensation expense, acquisition related costs and the amortization of intangible assets decreased 13% to $50.6 million in 2020, from $58.1

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million in 2019 primarily due to decreased travel related selling and marketing activities due to the move to virtual sales and delivery models resulting from the pandemic. SG&A costs as a percentage of revenue before reimbursements were 22% in both 2020 and 2019.

Non-cash compensation expense included in total SG&A decreased to $2.4 million in 2020, as compared to $2.9 million in 2019. See Note 10, “Stock Based Compensation” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Amortization expense was $1.0 million in both 2020 and 2019. The amortization expense in both periods related to the amortization of the intangible assets acquired in our acquisitions in 2017. The intangible assets related to the acquisitions will continue to amortize until 2022 and the intangible asset related to the joint venture will continue to amortize until 2021.

          Acquisition-contingent Consideration Liability. During 2019, the liabilities related to the cash portion of the Jibe acquisition contingent consideration due to selling shareholders, which was not subject to service vesting, was reduced based on the estimated achievement of the contingent earnout targets, resulting in a benefit. The liability was settled in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments. During 2020, we recorded restructuring costs of $6.6 million, which were primarily related to the reduction of staff in the U.S. and Europe as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2020, as a result of and in consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the changing nature of our use of office space for our workforce, we evaluated our existing office space utilization as part of our transformation initiatives related to real estate. This evaluation resulted in the complete and partial abandonment of certain leased office spaces and a $3.9 million restructuring charge related to the asset impairment for certain lease right-of-use assets and certain property, equipment and leasehold improvements and other real estate related costs.

In 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of $3.3 million primarily related to the continued weakness in our international operations. These costs primarily related to severance costs as we reduced staff to be commensurate with current demand primarily in both Australia and Europe.  In addition, in 2019, we recorded a $1.2 million restructuring charge related to the asset impairment of our investment in the Hackett Institute’s Enterprise Analytics Program.

Interest Expense. In 2020 and 2019, we recorded interest expense of $126 thousand and $311 thousand, respectively. The decrease was due to the lower average outstanding debt balance. The debt was fully paid off during the fourth quarter of 2019 and there was no outstanding debt in 2020.

Income Taxes. During 2020, we recorded $2.9 million of income tax expense related to certain federal, foreign and state taxes which reflected an effective tax rate of 33.7% from continuing operations. During 2019, we recorded $7.7 million of income tax expense related to certain federal, foreign and state taxes which reflected an effective tax rate of 25.0% from continuing operations. The increase in the tax rate for 2020 was primarily due to lower tax benefits related to share-based compensation when compared to 2019. In addition, the tax rate increase in 2020 related to restructuring charges impacting countries with lower statutory income tax rates and changes in our overall profitability due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Discontinued Operations. The discontinued operations related to the discontinuance of our European REL Working Capital group in 2018.

Comparison of 2019 to 2018

Overview. For fiscal year 2019, revenue from continuing operations and before reimbursements decreased 1% to $260.8 million, as compared to fiscal year 2018. Fiscal year 2019 results included restructuring charges and the impairment of an asset related to the Hackett Institute’s Enterprise Analytic Program. Together, these items negatively impacted dilutive earnings per share by $0.12. Fiscal year 2018 results included discontinued operations related to the discontinuance of our European REL Working Capital group and the impairment of assets primarily related to our investments in the Hackett Performance Exchange. Together these items negatively impacted dilutive earnings per share by $0.23. Fiscal 2018 had a more favorable tax rate as a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which reduced corporate tax rates from 35% to 21%.

Revenue. We are a global company with operations primarily in the United States and Western Europe.  Our revenue is denominated in multiple currencies, primarily the U.S. Dollar, British Pound, Euro and Australian Dollar, and as a result is affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations. The impact of the currency fluctuation did not have a significant impact on comparisons between 2019 and 2018. Revenue is analyzed based on geographic location of engagement team personnel. 

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The following table sets forth revenue by group for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Our total Company revenue before reimbursements decreased 1%, to $260.8 million in 2019, as compared to $264.5 million in 2018. Our North American revenue from continuing operations and before reimbursements increased 3% and our international revenue from continuing operations and before reimbursements decreased 21% in 2019, as compared to 2018.  Reimbursable expenses are project and travel-related expenses passed through to a client with no margin associated with them. Reimbursable expenses as a percentage of net revenue were 8% during both 2019 and 2018.

In 2019 and 2018, no customer accounted for more than 5% of our total revenue.

S&BT net revenue from continuing operations increased 3% in 2019, to $107.1 million as compared to $104.1 million in 2018, primarily driven by improved results across most practices.

EEA net revenue from continuing operations increased 3% in 2019, to $116.9 million, as compared to $114.0 million in 2018, primarily driven by strong results in our SAP and OneStream practices, as well as strong cloud revenue growth from our EPM practices, partially offset by the Oracle EPM On-Premise declines.

Hackett international net revenue from continuing operations decreased 21% in 2019, as compared to 2018. This decrease in revenue, which is primarily derived in Europe, was largely due to the uncertainties surrounding Brexit which appears to have impacted client decision making. Total Company international net revenue from continuing operations accounted for 14% of our total revenue in 2019, as compared to 18% in 2018.

Cost of Service. Cost of service primarily consists of salaries, benefits and incentive compensation for consultants and subcontractor fees; acquisition-related cash and stock compensation costs; non-cash stock compensation expense; and reimbursable expenses associated with projects.

Personnel costs from continuing operations were $159.4 million in 2019 from $159.6 million in 2018. Personnel costs before reimbursable expenses, as a percentage of revenue before reimbursements were 61% in 2019 and 60% in 2018. 

Non-cash stock compensation expense from continuing operations was $3.8 million in both 2019 and 2018. See Note 10, “Stock Based Compensation” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

The acquisition related compensation benefit of $0.1 million and $0.5 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to the liability for the cash portion of the Aecus contingent consideration that was to be paid to the selling shareholders and key personnel, and the cash portion of the Jibe contingent consideration that is to be paid to key personnel, all of which are subject to service vesting and as a result is recorded as compensation expense. See Note 15, “Acquisitions” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These liabilities were both settled in 2019.

Acquisition related non-cash stock compensation expense in 2019 and 2018 primarily related to our EPM AMS acquisition of Technolab in fiscal 2014 and the Jibe and Aecus acquisitions in 2017. See Note 15, “Acquisitions” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”). SG&A costs from continuing operations, excluding non-cash compensation expense, acquisition related costs and the amortization of intangible assets decreased 1% to $58.1 million in 2019, from $58.5 million in 2018. SG&A costs as a percentage of revenue before reimbursements were 22% in both 2019 and 2018.

Non-cash compensation expense included in total SG&A decreased to $2.9 million in 2019, as compared to $3.2 million in 2018. See Note 10, “Stock Based Compensation” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Amortization expense was $1.0 million in 2019, as compared to $2.4 million in 2018. The amortization expense in 2019 and 2018 related to the amortization of the intangible assets acquired in our acquisitions of Jibe and Aecus in the second quarter of 2017 and the buyout of our partner’s joint venture interest in the CGBS Training and Certification Programs during the fourth quarter of 2017. The 2018 amortization expense also includes the amortization of the intangible assets acquired in our 2014 EPM AMS acquisition of Technolab. The intangible assets relate to the customer relationship, trademarks, customer backlog and non-compete

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agreements. The Jibe and Aecus intangible assets will continue to amortize until 2022.  The CGBS Training and Certification intangible asset will amortize until 2021.

Acquisition-contingent Consideration Liability. During 2019 and 2018, the liability related to the cash portion of the Jibe acquisition contingent consideration due to selling shareholders, which is not subject to service vesting, was reduced based on the estimated achievement of the contingent earnout targets, resulting in a benefit. The liability was settled during 2019.

Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments. In 2019, we recorded restructuring costs of $3.3 million primarily related to the continued weakness in our international operations. These costs primarily related to severance costs as we reduced staff to be commensurate with current demand primarily in both Australia and Europe.  In addition, in 2019, we recorded a $1.2 million restructuring charge, related to the asset impairment of our investment in the Hackett Institute’s Enterprise Analytics Program.

In 2018, we recorded a $6.3 million restructuring charge related to the asset impairment of our investments in the Hackett Performance Exchange and our Working Capital Course.

Interest Expense. In 2019, we recorded interest expense of $311 thousand, as compared to $638 thousand in 2018, primarily due to the lower average outstanding debt balance. The debt was fully paid off during the fourth quarter of 2019.

Income Taxes. During 2019, we recorded $7.7 million of income tax expense related to certain federal, foreign and state taxes which reflected an effective tax rate of 25.0% from continuing operations. During 2018, we recorded $5.6 million of income tax expense related to certain federal, foreign and state taxes which reflected an effective tax rate of 16.9% from continuing operations. In 2018 the effective tax rate reflected a lower federal tax rate of 21% as a result of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Discontinued Operations. The discontinued operations related to the discontinuance of our European REL Working Capital group in 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of January 1, 2021 and December 27, 2019, we had $49.5 million and $26.0 million, respectively, of cash. As of January 1, 2021 and December 27, 2019, we had no outstanding debt under our credit facility. We currently believe that available funds (including the cash on hand and funds available for borrowing under our credit facility), and cash flows generated by operations will be enough to fund our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months. We may decide to raise additional funds to support expansion, to develop new or enhance products and services, to respond to competitive pressures or to acquire complementary businesses or technologies. There is no assurance, however, that additional financing will be available when needed or desired.

The following table summarizes our cash flow activity (in thousands):

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $44.1 million in 2020, as compared to $42.4 million in 2019. In 2020, the net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to net income adjusted for non-cash items, and decreased account receivables and contract assets and higher accrued expenses and other liabilities.   In 2019, the net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to net income adjusted for non-cash items, and decreased account receivables and contract assets, partially offset by lower accrued expenses and other liabilities.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.9 million in 2020, as compared to $5.6 million in 2019. During 2020, cash flows from investing activities included investments related to the continued development of our Quantum Leap benchmark technologies. In the comparable 2019 period, cash flows used in investing activities included investments to our internal corporate systems, the rollout of new laptops, and the development of our Quantum Leap benchmark technologies. In addition, in 2019 the Jibe earnout consideration with the selling shareholders was finalized and settled.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $18.7 million in 2020, as compared to $24.7 million in 2019. The usage of cash in 2020 was primarily related to dividend payments of $14.9 million, the repurchase of Company common stock under our share

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repurchase program of $2.4 million and employee net vesting related tax withholding requirements of $2.1 million. The usage of cash in 2019 was primarily related to the dividend payments of $11.2 million, the net paydown of the revolving line of credit of $6.5 million, the repurchase of Company common stock under our share repurchase program of $5.3 million and employee net vesting related tax withholding requirements of $2.5 million.

As of January 1, 2021, we did not have any outstanding borrowings under the Revolver, leaving us with a capacity of approximately $45.0 million. See Note 7, “Credit Facility,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

Contractual Obligations

There were no material capital commitments as of January 1, 2021. The following table summarizes our future principal payments under our credit facility (See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) and future lease commitments under our non-cancelable operating leases as of January 1, 2021 (in thousands):

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of January 1, 2021.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

For discussion of recently issued accounting standards, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM  7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As of January 1, 2021, our exposure to market risk related primarily to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rate risks.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the credit facility, which is subject to variable interest rates. The interest rates per annum applicable to loans under the credit facility will be, at our option, equal to either a base rate or a LIBOR rate for one-, two-, three- or nine-month interest periods chosen by us in each case, plus an applicable margin percentage. A 100-basis point increase in our interest rate under our credit facility would not have had a material impact on our 2020 results of operations.

Exchange Rate Sensitivity

We face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates, as a portion of our revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, primarily the British Pound, the Euro, the Canadian Dollar and the Australian Dollar. We recognized income related to foreign currency exchange of $49 thousand, $0.1 million and $0.6 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve. Currently, we do not hold any derivative contracts that hedge our foreign currency risk, but we may adopt such strategies in the future.

For a discussion of the risks we face as a result of foreign currency fluctuations, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of this report.

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ITEM 8.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

THE HACKETT GROUP, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of The Hackett Group, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Hackett Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of January 1, 2021, and December 27, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 1, 2021, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements and schedule (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 1, 2021 and December 27, 2019, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 1, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 1, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated March 12, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter 

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. 

Revenue Recognition for Fixed-fee Billing Arrangements

As described in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company generates substantially all of its revenue from providing professional services to its clients. In fixed-fee billing arrangements, the Company agrees to a pre-established fee or fee cap in exchange for a predetermined set of professional services. The Company sets the fees based on its estimates of the costs and timing for completing the engagements. The Company generally recognizes revenue under these arrangements using an input method approach, which is a subjective process based on work completed to-date as compared to estimates of the total services to be provided under the engagement. Estimates of total engagement revenue and cost of services are monitored regularly during the term of the engagement.

We identified the measurement of progress for the purpose of revenue recognition under fixed-fee billing arrangements as a critical audit matter. Auditing management’s assumptions to estimate total engagement revenue and cost of services for the contract performance obligations used to recognize revenue for fixed-fee billing arrangements, including the historical experience of fulfilling the performance obligations of the contract or other similar contracts, involved a high degree of subjectivity and increased audit effort.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s revenue recognition for fixed-fee billing arrangements included the following, among others:

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/s/ RSM US LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015.

Miami, Florida

March 12, 2021    

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THE HACKETT GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)