HEALTHSTREAM INC - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

Commission File No.: 000-27701

HealthStream, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(615) 301-3100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of May 3, 2018, there were 32,302,581 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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Index to Form 10-Q

HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.

On February 12, 2018, the Company divested its Patient Experience (“PX”) business to Press Ganey Associates, Inc. (“Press Ganey”). This sale of the PX business resulted in the Company’s divestiture of the Company’s patient experience solutions business segment. The Company has classified the results of its PX segment as discontinued operations in its condensed consolidated statements of income and cash flows for all periods presented. Additionally, the related assets and liabilities have been reported as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017. See Note 8 for additional information.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date and adjusted for discontinued operations as noted above but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017 (included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2018).

2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). This guidance supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“Topic 605”), and most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Accounting Standards Codification. The updated guidance states that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs – Contracts with Customers, which requires deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Collectively, Topic 606 and Subtopic 340-40 are referred to as the “new standard.”

The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach. Adoption of the new standard resulted in changes to the Company’s accounting policies for revenue recognition, trade and other receivables, and deferred commissions. See Note 3 for additional information regarding Topic 606 and its impact on the Company’s balance sheet and statement of income.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Sub Topic 825-10), which addresses certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The guidance, among other things, requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”), which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for most leases. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee is not expected to significantly change under such guidance. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION AND SALES COMMISSIONS

Adoption of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective approach applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. As such, results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with Topic 605.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet in connection with the adoption of Topic 606 was as follows (in thousands):

The impact of the adoption of Topic 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018 and statement of income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION AND SALES COMMISSIONS (continued)

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those goods or services.

Revenue is recognized based on the following five step model:

The following table represents our revenues included in continuing operations from contracts with customers disaggregated by revenue source for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands). Sales taxes are excluded from revenues.

Subscription/SaaS services revenues primarily consist of fees that provide customers access to one or more of our SaaS-based platforms and/or courseware subscriptions, with routine customer support. Revenue is generally recognized over time over the contract term beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Subscription/SaaS contracts are generally one to five years in length, billed annually, semi-annually, quarterly, or monthly in advance, and are non-cancelable.

Professional services revenues primarily consist of fees for implementation services, custom courseware development, as well as training. The majority of our professional services contracts are billed in advance based on a fixed price basis, and revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed. For both subscription/SaaS services and professional services, the time between billing the customer and when performance obligations are satisfied is not significant.

Our contracts with customers often contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The contract price, which represents transaction price, is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. We generally determine standalone selling prices based on the standard price list price for each product, taking into consideration certain factors, including contract length and the number of subscribers within the contract.

We receive payments from customers based on billing schedules established in our contracts. Accounts receivable—unbilled represent contract assets related to our conditional right to consideration for subscription/SaaS and professional services contracts where performance has occurred under the contract. Accounts receivable are primarily comprised of trade receivables that are recorded at the invoice amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION AND SALES COMMISSIONS (continued)

Other receivables, which are included within Accounts Receivable, include receivables from certain content partners and are not material. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $390,000 and $200,000 in impairment losses on receivables and contract assets arising from the Company’s contracts with customers.

Deferred revenue represents contract liabilities that are recorded when cash payments are received or are due in advance of our satisfaction of performance obligations. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recognized approximately $29.2 million of revenue from amounts included in deferred revenues at the beginning of the period. As of March 31, 2018, approximately $355 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations under contract with customers. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 45% of these remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the remaining amounts recognized thereafter.

Sales Commissions

Sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. The Company’s sales commission plans include multiple payments, including initial payments in the period a customer contract is obtained and subsequent payments either 15 or 27 months after the initial payment. Under Topic 606, costs to acquire contracts with customers, such as the initial sales commission payment, is capitalized and amortized consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition, whereas subsequent sales commission payments which require a substantive performance condition of the employee are expensed ratably through the payment date. In contrast, under Topic 605, initial sales commission payments were expensed. Under Topic 606, the initial commission payments are capitalized in the period a customer contract is obtained and are amortized consistent with the transfer of the goods or services to the customer over the expected period of benefit. The capitalized contract cost is included in Deferred commissions in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The expected period of benefit is the contract term, except when the commission payment is expected to provide economic benefit to the Company for a period longer than the contract term, such as for new customer or incremental sales where renewals are expected and renewal commissions are not commensurate with initial commissions. Non-commensurate commissions will be amortized over the greater of contract term or technological obsolescence period, which has been determined to be three years. The Company recorded amortization of deferred commissions of approximately $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which is included in Sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

4. INCOME TAXES

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities measured at tax rates that will be in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes from continuing operations of approximately $414,000 and $786,000, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was 10.2% and 31.5%, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded excess tax benefits primarily from stock option exercises of approximately $636,000 and $57,000, respectively, as a component of the provision for income taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate primarily reflects the statutory corporate income tax rate, the net effect of state taxes, and the effect of various permanent tax differences.

5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Dividends on Common Stock

On February 12, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a $1.00 per common share special cash dividend which was paid on April 3, 2018 to shareholders of record on March 6, 2018. The dividend payment is included in Accrued dividends in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018.

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)

Stock Based Compensation

The Company has stock awards outstanding under two stock incentive plans: the Company’s 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan and 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. The Company accounts for its stock based compensation plans using the fair-value based method for costs related to share based payments, including stock options and restricted share units (“RSUs”). During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued 83,168 RSUs, subject to service-based time vesting, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $24.70 per share, measured based on the closing fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company issued 86,727 RSUs, subject to service-based time vesting, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $23.54 per share, measured based on the closing fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant.

Total stock based compensation expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, which is recorded within continuing operations in the condensed consolidated statements of income, is as follows (in thousands):

6. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common shareholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common shareholders for the period by the weighted average number of potentially dilutive common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares are composed of incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and RSUs subject to vesting. The dilutive effect of common equivalent shares is included in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. The total number of common equivalent shares excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings per share, due to their anti-dilutive effect or contingent performance conditions, was approximately 159,000 and 143,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

7. MARKETABLE SECURITIES

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of marketable securities, which were all classified as available for sale, included the following (in thousands):

The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet approximate the fair value based on quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. As of March 31, 2018, the Company does not consider any of its marketable securities to be other than temporarily impaired. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not reclassify any items out of accumulated other comprehensive income to net income. All investments in marketable securities are classified as current assets on the balance sheet because the underlying securities mature within one year from the balance sheet date.

8. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Patient Experience

On February 12, 2018, the Company divested its PX business to Press Ganey for $65.5 million in cash (subject to adjustment based on the working capital of the PX business at closing), of which $6.55 million will be held in escrow for a period of time following the closing as a source of recovery for indemnification claims by Press Ganey. The sale of the PX business was effected (i) by the contribution by the Company of specified assets and certain liabilities used in the PX business to a newly-formed wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and (ii) immediately thereafter, the sale by the Company to Press Ganey of all the outstanding equity interests of such wholly-owned subsidiary. In connection with such contribution, the Company retained certain liabilities related to the PX business.

This sale of the PX business resulted in the Company’s divestiture of the Company’s patient experience solutions business segment. The Company has classified the results of its patient experience solutions business segment as discontinued operations in its condensed consolidated statements of income and cash flows for all periods presented. Additionally, the related assets and liabilities have been reported as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017.

The financial results of the PX business for the period prior to divestiture during the three months ended March 31, 2018, and during the three months ended March 31, 2017, are presented in discontinued operations in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income. The following table presents financial results of the PX business (in thousands):

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

8. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

The following table presents the aggregate carrying amounts of the classes of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

9. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

The Company provides services to healthcare organizations and other members within the healthcare industry. The Company’s services are focused on the delivery of workforce development products and services (HealthStream Workforce Solutions) and provider credentialing, privileging, and enrollment products and services (HealthStream Provider Solutions).

As noted above, the sale of the PX business on February 12, 2018 resulted in the Company’s divestiture of the Company’s Patient Experience Solutions segment. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company classified the results of its Patient Experience segment as discontinued operations in its condensed consolidated statements of income and cash flows for all periods presented. Additionally, the related assets and liabilities associated with the discontinued operations are shown separately in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017. See Note 8 for additional information.

The Company measures segment performance based on operating income before income taxes and prior to the allocation of certain corporate overhead expenses, interest income, interest expense, and depreciation. The Unallocated component below includes corporate functions, such as accounting, human resources, legal, investor relations, administrative, and executive personnel, depreciation, a portion of amortization, and certain other expenses, which are not currently allocated in measuring segment performance. The following is the Company’s business segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands).

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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

10. DEBT

Revolving Credit Facility

The Company entered into a First Amendment to Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of November 13, 2017, amending the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility, dated as of November 24, 2014 (“Revolving Credit Facility”) with SunTrust Bank (“SunTrust”), which amendment extended the maturity date under the Revolving Credit Facility to November 24, 2018. Under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Company may borrow up to $50.0 million, which includes a $5.0 million swing line subfacility and a $5.0 million letter of credit subfacility, as well as an accordion feature that allows the Company to increase the Revolving Credit Facility by a total of up to $25.0 million, subject to securing additional commitments from existing lenders or new lending institutions. The obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility are guaranteed by each of the Company’s subsidiaries. At the Company’s election, the borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at either (1) a rate per annum equal to the highest of SunTrust’s prime rate or 0.5% in excess of the Federal Funds Rate or 1.0% in excess of one-month LIBOR (the “Base Rate”), plus an applicable margin, or (2) the one, two, three, or six month per annum LIBOR for deposits in the applicable currency (the “Eurocurrency Rate”), as selected by the Company, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for Eurocurrency Rate loans depends on the Company’s funded debt leverage ratio and varies from 1.50% to 2.00%. The applicable margin for Base Rate loans depends on the Company’s funded debt leverage ratio and varies from 0.50% to 1.50%. Commitment fees and letter of credit fees are also payable under the Revolving Credit Facility. Principal is payable in full at maturity on November 24, 2018, and there are no scheduled principal payments prior to maturity. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee ranging between 20 and 30 basis points per annum of the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, depending on the Company’s funded debt leverage ratio.

The purpose of the Revolving Credit Facility is for general working capital needs, permitted acquisitions (as defined in the Revolving Credit Facility), and for stock repurchase and/or redemption transactions that the Company may authorize.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains certain covenants that, among other things, restrict additional indebtedness, liens and encumbrances, changes to the character of the Company’s business, acquisitions, asset dispositions, mergers and consolidations, sale or discount of receivables, creation or acquisitions of additional subsidiaries, and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements.

In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility requires the Company to meet certain financial tests, including, without limitation:

As of March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants. There were no balances outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility as of or during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2018 (the “2017 Form 10-K”). Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements that the Company intends to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend on or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “ projects,” “should,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions are forward-looking statements.

The Company cautions that forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

In evaluating any forward-looking statement, you should specifically consider the information regarding forward-looking statements and the information set forth under the caption Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2017 Form 10-K and the information regarding forward-looking statements and other disclosures in our 2017 Form 10-K, earnings releases and other filings with the SEC from time to time, as well as other cautionary statements contained elsewhere in this report, including the matters discussed in “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” We undertake no obligation beyond that required by law to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. You should read this report and the documents that we reference in this report and have filed as exhibits to this report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we currently expect.

Overview

HealthStream provides workforce and provider solutions for healthcare organizations—all designed to assess and develop the people that deliver patient care, which, in turn, supports the improvement of business and clinical outcomes. Our workforce products are used by healthcare organizations to meet a broad range of their training, certification, competency assessment, performance appraisal, and development needs. Our provider products are used by healthcare organizations for provider credentialing, privileging, call center, and enrollment needs. HealthStream’s customers include healthcare organizations, pharmaceutical and medical device companies, and other participants in the healthcare industry.

On February 12, 2018, the Company divested its Patient Experience (“PX”) business to Press Ganey Associates, Inc. (“Press Ganey”) for $65.5 million in cash (subject to adjustment based on the working capital of the PX business at closing), resulting in a gain, net of tax, of $20.3 million. This sale of the PX business resulted in the Company’s divestiture of the Company’s patient experience solutions business segment. With the proceeds of this sale, our Board of Directors declared a $1.00 per common share special cash dividend, which was paid on April 3, 2018 to shareholders of record on March 6, 2018. For additional information regarding the disposition of the PX business, including certain pro forma financial information reflecting the disposition of the PX business, see our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 12, 2018.

Key financial indicators of operations for the first quarter of 2018 are set forth in the bullets below. These indicators (i) reflect results from continuing operations (i.e., 2017 and 2018 results do not include the gain on the sale of the PX business and the results of operations of such business prior to this sale), and (ii) 2018 results are presented in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), whereas results for 2017 are presented in accordance with ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”).

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”). These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions during the preparation of our financial statements. We believe the estimates, judgments, and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates, judgments, or assumptions and actual results, our financial statements will be affected.

The accounting policies and estimates that we believe are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following:

In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by US GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas where management’s judgment in selecting among available alternatives would not produce a materially different result. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2017 Form 10-K, which contains additional information regarding our accounting policies and other disclosures required by US GAAP. There have been no changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates from those reported in our 2017 Form 10-K except as disclosed in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein. Note 2 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements summarizes new accounting guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that has been recently adopted by the Company, or not yet adopted by the Company, and our evaluation of such accounting guidance and the anticipated impact of such guidance (if known) on the Company. Note 3 summarizes our critical accounting polices related to the new revenue recognition accounting standard and its impact on our financial results as reflected in our balance sheet and statement of income.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2017

Revenues, net. Revenues increased approximately $2.9 million, or 6%, to $54.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $52.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The adoption of the new revenue standard had a negative impact on revenues of approximately $8,000 for the first quarter of 2018. In addition, revenue was adversely impacted by deferred revenue write-downs of $45,000 during the first quarter of 2018 compared to deferred revenue write-downs of $844,000 during the first quarter of 2017. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for additional information.

A comparison of revenues by business segment is as follows (in thousands):

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Revenues for HealthStream Workforce Solutions, which are primarily subscription-based, increased approximately $1.2 million, or 3%, to $44.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $43.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Revenues in 2018 were positively influenced by growth in courseware subscriptions and our enterprise applications, but were partially offset by an expected decline in ICD-10 readiness revenues of $554,000. Our implemented subscriber base increased by 6% over the prior year first quarter to 4.74 million implemented subscribers at March 31, 2018 compared to 4.47 million implemented subscribers at March 31, 2017. Additionally, we had a 5% increase in total subscribers over the prior year first quarter, with 4.81 million total subscribers at March 31, 2018 compared to 4.57 million total subscribers at March 31, 2017.

Revenues for HealthStream Provider Solutions increased approximately $1.6 million, or 20%, to $9.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $8.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was driven in part by increased revenues resulting from the business we acquired from Morrisey Associates, Inc. (“MAI”) on August 8, 2016. MAI revenues in the first quarter of 2018 increased 33% to $3.1 million, net of deferred revenue write-downs, compared to $2.3 million, net of deferred revenue write-downs, in the first quarter of 2017. Revenues from other Provider Solutions products increased $873,000, or 15%, over the first quarter of 2017 due to growth from acquiring new customers and selling new products.

Cost of Revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization). Cost of revenues increased approximately $1.0 million, or 5%, to $22.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $21.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues was 41% for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Cost of revenues for HealthStream Workforce Solutions increased approximately $561,000 to $19.0 million and approximated 42% of revenues for HealthStream Workforce Solutions for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The increase in amount is primarily associated with increased royalties paid by us resulting from growth in courseware subscription revenues. Cost of revenues for HealthStream Provider Solutions increased approximately $535,000 to $3.3 million and approximated 33% of HealthStream Provider Solutions revenues for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The increase in amount is primarily associated with hosting costs and increases to personnel over the prior year period.

Product Development. Product development expenses increased approximately $226,000, or 4%, to $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Product development expenses as a percentage of revenues were 11% for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Product development expenses for HealthStream Workforce Solutions increased approximately $161,000 to $4.8 million and approximated 11% of revenues for HealthStream Workforce Solutions for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The increase in amount is primarily due to higher outsourced labor expenses coupled with increases to personnel over the prior year period. Product development expenses for HealthStream Provider Solutions increased approximately $65,000 to $1.2 million and approximated 12% and 13% of revenues for HealthStream Provider Solutions for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in both amount and as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to increases to personnel over the prior year period.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses, including personnel costs, decreased approximately $492,000, or 5%, to $9.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $9.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Sales and marketing expenses were 17% and 18% of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Sales and marketing expenses for HealthStream Workforce Solutions decreased approximately $337,000 to $7.3 million and approximated 16% and 17% of revenues for HealthStream Workforce Solutions for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in amount and as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to lower sales commissions and lower marketing spending. The reduction in sales commissions is a result of adopting ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018. Under ASC 606, costs to acquire contracts with customers, such as initial sales commission payments, are capitalized and amortized consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition, whereas under ASC 605 such costs were expensed, resulting in faster expense recognition. Sales and marketing expenses for HealthStream Provider Solutions decreased approximately $192,000 to $1.5 million and approximated 15% and 20% of revenues for HealthStream Provider Solutions for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in amount and as a percentage of revenues is due to reductions in personnel over the prior year period and reduced sales commissions as a result of adopting ASC 606 as noted above.

Other General and Administrative Expenses. Other general and administrative expenses increased approximately $525,000, or 7%, to $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $7.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Other general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were 14% of revenues for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

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Other general and administrative expenses for HealthStream Workforce Solutions increased approximately $245,000 to $2.1 million and approximated 5% of HealthStream Workforce Solutions revenues for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The increase in amount is primarily due to higher technology infrastructure expenses and increases in other general expenses. Other general and administrative expenses for HealthStream Provider Solutions decreased approximately $43,000 to $1.4 million and approximated 14% of HealthStream Provider Solutions revenues for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The unallocated corporate portion of other general and administrative expenses increased approximately $329,000 to $4.3 million compared to the prior year first quarter primarily due to increases to personnel, contract labor, and facilities expenses, partially offset by decreases in other general expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased approximately $171,000, or 3%, to $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase primarily resulted from amortization of capitalized software development.

Other Income, Net. Other income, net was approximately $313,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $130,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase is a result of higher interest income from cash and investments in marketable securities.

Income Tax Provision. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of approximately $414,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $786,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The Company’s effective tax rate was 10.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 31.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease in the effective tax rate primarily resulted from the decrease in the enacted federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 that was signed into law in December 2017, coupled with $636,000 of excess tax benefits primarily from stock option exercises during the first quarter of 2018.

Income (Loss) on Discontinued Operations. Income (loss) from discontinued operations was income of $20.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to a loss of $424,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Income from discontinued operations during the three months ended March 31, 2018, was primarily driven by the gain, net of tax, of $20.3 million recognized by the Company in connection with the sale of the PX business which was completed on February 12, 2018.

Net Income from Continuing Operations; Net Income. Net income from continuing operations was $3.6 million in the first quarter of 2018, up from $1.7 million in the first quarter of 2017. The application of ASC 606 positively impacted net income from continuing operations in the first quarter of 2018 in the amount of $1.0 million. In addition, net income from continuing operations was also adversely impacted by deferred revenue write-downs of $41,000 during the first quarter of 2018 compared to deferred revenue write-downs of $578,000 during the first quarter of 2017. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for additional information. EPS from continuing operations was $0.11 and $0.05 per share (diluted) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net income increased approximately $22.6 million, to $23.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, which increase was primarily driven by the gain on sale of the PX business as noted above. Earnings per diluted share were $0.74 and $0.04 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Adjusted EBITDA (which we define as net income before interest, income taxes, stock based compensation, and depreciation and amortization) from continuing operations increased to $10.2 million for the first quarter of 2018, compared to $8.7 million for the first quarter of 2017. The application of ASC 606 had a positive impact of $1.4 million on Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations during the first quarter of 2018.

Adjusted EBITDA increased approximately $22.2 million to $30.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, which increase was primarily driven by the gain on the sale of the PX business as noted above. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for our reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations and Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable measures under US GAAP.

Discontinued Operations

On February 12, 2018, the Company divested its PX business to Press Ganey for $65.5 million in cash (subject to adjustment based on the working capital of the PX business at closing). This sale of the PX business resulted in the divestiture of our patient experience solutions business segment. We recorded a gain on sale, net of tax, of $20.3 million. With the proceeds of this sale, our Board of Directors declared a $1.00 per common share special cash dividend, which was paid on April 3, 2018 to shareholders of record on March 6, 2018.

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We have classified the results of our PX segment as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated statements of income and cash flows for all periods presented. Additionally, the related assets and liabilities associated with the discontinued operations are classified as discontinued in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017. See Note 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for additional information.

Other Developments

As previously announced, Laerdal Medical A/S, a Norwegian company (“Laerdal”), provided notice that, upon the December 31, 2018 expiration of our existing agreements with Laerdal regarding the HeartCode and Resuscitation Quality Improvement (“RQI”) products, Laerdal does not intend to continue these existing agreements or enter into new agreements with HealthStream in relation to such products. Our Joint Marketing and Licensing Agreements with Laerdal for HeartCode and for RQI, respectively, remain unaltered and continue in effect through December 31, 2018. Up to that expiration date, we retain the right to offer HeartCode and RQI licenses that extend through December 31, 2020. We retain exclusivity of RQI sales to our existing customer network through the agreement expiration date of December 31, 2018 and are prohibited from selling substantially similar products to HeartCode and RQI during that time.

Revenues associated with the sales of HeartCode and RQI products have been significant in recent years, although margins on such products have been lower than HealthStream’s average margin. We continue to be actively engaged in efforts to broaden the scope and utilization of our simulation-related offerings to include a range of clinical competencies that extend beyond resuscitation, and integrate with our platform in ways that HeartCode and RQI never have. We intend to bring to market a broadened scope of simulation-based offerings, including— following the December 31, 2018 expiration date of our agreements with Laerdal—resuscitation programs. We believe these efforts have the potential to give rise to additional and higher margin opportunities than currently exist under the Laerdal agreements for HeartCode and RQI, and will likely feature solutions with a lower price point than our current offerings. However, there is no assurance that we will be successful in these efforts, and to the extent that new simulation-based or other solutions do not generate revenue and/or earnings following the December 31, 2018 expiration date in a manner that supplants the impact of these agreements with Laerdal, our revenue and results of operations following this expiration date may be adversely affected.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This report contains certain non-GAAP financial measures, including non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP operating income, adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations, and adjusted EBITDA, which are used by management in analyzing our financial results and ongoing operational performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance which are prepared in accordance with US GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.

In order to better assess the Company’s financial results, management believes that adjusted EBITDA is an appropriate measure for evaluating the operating performance of the Company and provides useful information to investors because adjusted EBITDA reflects net income adjusted for certain non-cash and non-operating items. Management also believes that adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations is a useful measure for evaluating the operating performance of the Company because such measure does not include the results of operations of the PX business that we no longer own and thus reflects the Company’s ongoing business operations and assists in comparing the Company’s results of operations between periods. We also believe that adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations are useful to many investors and securities analysts to assess the Company’s ongoing results from current operations. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be considered as measures of financial performance under US GAAP. Because adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations are not financial measures determined in accordance with US GAAP, they are susceptible to varying calculations. Accordingly, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies, have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for an analysis of the Company’s results as reported under US GAAP.

In recent years, including in connection with the August 2016 acquisition of MAI, the Company has acquired businesses whose net tangible assets include deferred revenue. In accordance with GAAP reporting requirements, following the completion of any such acquisition, the Company may record a write-down of deferred revenue to fair value as defined in GAAP. If the Company is required to record a write-down of deferred revenue, it may result in lower recognized revenue, operating income, and net income in subsequent periods.

In connection therewith, this report presents below non-GAAP operating income and non-GAAP net income, which in each case reflects the corresponding GAAP figures adjusted to exclude the impact of the deferred revenue write-down associated with fair value accounting for acquired businesses as referenced above. Management believes that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures assists investors in understanding the Company’s performance between periods by excluding the impact of this deferred revenue write-down and provides a useful measure of the ongoing performance of the Company. As is typical for our business offerings, revenue for the acquired business is deferred and typically recognized over a one-to-two year period following

the completion of any particular acquisition, so our GAAP revenues (and, thus, our GAAP operating income and net income) for this one-to-two year period will not reflect the full amount of revenues that would have been reported if the acquired deferred revenue was not written down to fair value.

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A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations, Non-GAAP operating income, and Non-GAAP net income to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is set forth below (in thousands).

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations decreased by $5.5 million to $9.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $15.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017. The number of days sales outstanding (“DSO”) was 58 days for the first quarter of 2018 compared to 63 days for the first quarter of 2017. The decrease in DSO primarily relates to improved collections in the Workforce Development Solutions segment as compared to the prior year period. The Company calculates DSO by dividing the average accounts receivable balance for the quarter by average daily revenues for the quarter. The Company’s primary sources of cash were receipts generated from the sales of our products and services. The primary uses of cash to fund operations included personnel expenses, sales commissions, royalty payments, payments for contract labor and other direct expenses associated with delivery of our products and services, and general corporate expenses.

Net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations was approximately $60.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations of $12.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company divested its PX business segment, receiving net proceeds from the sale of $58.2 million (not including the $6.55 million portion of the purchase price to be held in escrow for a period of time following the closing as a source of recovery for indemnification claims) and had maturities of marketable securities of $19.6 million. These sources of cash were partially offset by purchases of $1.9 million of property and equipment and $2.5 million for capitalized software development and investments of $12.6 million in marketable securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company invested $28.2 million of marketable securities, purchased $931,000 of property and equipment, and spent $2.4 million for capitalized software development. These uses of cash were partially offset by maturities of marketable securities of $19.3 million.

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Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations was approximately $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations of $268,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The sources of cash from financing activities for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were the exercise of employee stock options. The uses of cash for both 2018 and 2017 were the payment of employee payroll taxes in relation to the vesting of restricted stock units (“RSU”). In this regard, the Company net-share settled the employee RSUs by withholding shares with value equivalent to the employee’s minimum statutory obligation for the applicable income and other employment taxes. Additionally, for the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company made an earn-out payment of $37,000 for a prior business combination.

Our balance sheet reflects positive working capital of $118.9 million at March 31, 2018 compared to $98.7 million at December 31, 2017. The Company’s primary source of liquidity as of March 31, 2018 was $156.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and $39.3 million of marketable securities. The Company also has a $50.0 million revolving credit facility, all of which was available for additional borrowing at March 31, 2018. The revolving credit facility expires on November 24, 2018, unless earlier renewed or amended.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, cash generated from operations, and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet anticipated working capital needs, new product development, and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.

In addition, the Company’s growth strategy includes acquiring businesses that provide complementary products and services. It is anticipated that future acquisitions, if any, would be effected through cash consideration, stock consideration, or a combination of both. The issuance of our stock as consideration for an acquisition or to raise additional capital could have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and could adversely affect our stock price. Our revolving credit facility contains financial covenants and availability calculations designed to set a maximum leverage ratio of outstanding debt to adjusted EBITDA and an interest coverage ratio of adjusted EBITDA to interest expense. Therefore, the maximum borrowings against our revolving credit facility would be dependent on the covenant calculations at the time of borrowing. As of March 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all covenants. There can be no assurance that amounts available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to consummate any possible acquisitions, and we cannot assure you that if we need additional financing that it will be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. Failure to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or raise additional capital when required in sufficient amounts and on terms acceptable to us could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. We do not have any foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk. As of March 31, 2018 and during the three months then ended, the Company had no outstanding debt. We may become subject to interest rate market risk associated with any future borrowings under our revolving credit facility. The interest rate under the revolving credit facility varies depending on the interest rate option selected by the Company plus a margin determined in accordance with a pricing grid. We are also exposed to market risk with respect to our cash and investment balances, which approximated $195.4 million at March 31, 2018. Assuming a hypothetical 10% decrease in interest rates for invested balances, interest income from cash and investments would decrease on an annualized basis by approximately $323,000.

The Company’s investment policy and strategy is focused on investing in highly rated securities, with the objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. The Company’s policy limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issuer and sets limits on the average portfolio maturity.

The above market risk discussion and the estimated amounts presented are forward-looking statements of market risk assuming the occurrence of certain adverse market conditions. Actual results in the future may differ materially from those projected as a result of actual developments in the market.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Controls and Procedures

HealthStream’s chief executive officer and principal financial officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, the chief executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that HealthStream’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and the information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act was accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its chief executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As noted above, the Company adopted the new revenue recognition guidance under ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018. In connection therewith, during the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company implemented changes to its processes and controls related to revenue recognition. These changes included creating new accounting policies based on the five-step model of ASC 606, implementing ongoing contract review requirements, and gathering information necessary for disclosures. Except as set forth above, there was no change in HealthStream’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the first quarter of 2018 that has materially affected, or that is reasonably likely to materially affect, HealthStream’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. Exhibits

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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