HireQuest, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

 

or

 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Commission File Number 000-53088

 

 

HIREQUEST, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)

 

Delaware		91-2079472
(State of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. employer identification no.
111 Springhall Drive, Goose Creek, SC 29445
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (843) 723-7400

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Common Stock, $0.001 par value		HQI		The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒     No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒     No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer ☐, an accelerated filer ☐, a non-accelerated filer ☒, a smaller reporting company ☒, or an emerging growth company ☐ (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐     No ☒

 

Number of shares of issuer's common stock outstanding at November 2, 2022: 13,877,653

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

HireQuest, Inc.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

HireQuest, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

HireQuest, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Income

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

HireQuest, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

HireQuest, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

HireQuest, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

HireQuest, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “HQI, the “Company,” “we,” us,” or “our”) s a nationwide franchisor of offices providing direct-dispatch, executive search, and commercial staffing solutions primarily in the light industrial and blue-collar segments of the staffing industry and traditional commercial staffing. Our franchisees provide various types of temporary personnel through two business models operating under the trade names “HireQuest Direct”, “HireQuest”, “Snelling”, “LINK Staffing”, “DriverQuest”, “HireQuest Health”, and “Northbound Executive Search”. HireQuest Direct specializes primarily in unskilled and semi-skilled industrial and construction personnel. HireQuest, Snelling, and LINK Staffing specialize primarily in skilled and semi-skilled industrial personnel, clerical and administrative personnel, and permanent placement services. DriverQuest specializes in both commercial and non-CDL drivers serving a variety of industries and applications. HireQuest Health specializes in skilled personnel in the medical and dental industries. Northbound Executive Search specializes in executive placement and consultant services in the financial services industry.

On January 24, 2022 we completed our acquisition of Temporary Alternatives, Inc. (“Temporary Alternatives”) to acquire three locations in west Texas and New Mexico for $7.0 million, inclusive of $336 thousand of adjusted net working capital payable. Temporary Alternatives is a staffing division of dmDickason Personnel Services, a family-owned company based in El Paso, TX. On February 21, 2022 we completed our acquisition of  The Dubin Group, Inc., and Dubin Workforce Solutions, Inc. (collectively, “Dubin”). We acquired their staffing operations for $2.5 million, inclusive of a $300 thousand note payable and $62 thousand of adjusted net working capital payable. Dubin provides executive placement services and commercial staffing in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. On February 28, 2022 we completed our acquisition of Northbound Executive Search, LTD. (“Northbound”) to acquire their operations for $11.4 million, inclusive of a $1.5 million note payable and $328 thousand of adjusted net working capital payable. Northbound provides executive placement and short-term consultant services primarily to blue-chip clients in the financial services industry. 

On March 1, 2021, we completed our acquisition of Snelling Staffing and affiliates (“Snelling”). We acquired substantially all of the operating assets and assumed certain liabilities of Snelling for a purchase price of approximately $17.9 million. On March 22, 2021, we completed our asset acquisition of LINK Staffing and affiliates (“LINK”) in which we acquired all of the franchise relationships and certain other assets of LINK for a purchase price of approximately $11.1 million. On October 1, 2021 we completed our acquisition of Recruit Media, Inc. (“Recruit Media”). We purchased all of the outstanding shares of Recruit Media for approximately $4.4 million, inclusive of $1.0 million of liabilities assumed. On December 6, 2021 we completed the acquisition of the Dental Power Staffing division from Dental Power International, Inc. ("DPI") for $1.9 million, inclusive of $382 thousand of contingent consideration.

For additional information related to these transactions, see Note 2 - Acquisitions.

As of  September 30, 2022 we had 225 franchisee-owned offices and 2 company owned offices in 38 states and the District of Columbia. We are the employer of record to approximately 75,000 employees annually, who in turn provide services to thousands of clients in various industries including construction, recycling, warehousing, logistics, auctioneering, manufacturing, hospitality, landscaping, retail, and dental practices. We provide employment, marketing, working capital funding, software, and administrative services to our franchisees.

Basis of Presentation

We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods presented.

These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year or for any other period.

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HQI and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

U.S. GAAP requires the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) to consolidate that entity. To be the primary beneficiary of a VIE, an entity must have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that are significant to the beneficiary. We provide acquisition financing to some of our franchisees that could result in our having to absorb losses. This results in some franchisees being considered VIEs. We have reviewed our relationship with each of these franchisees and determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of any of these entities. Accordingly, we have not consolidated these entities.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions underlie our workers’ compensation claim liabilities, our workers’ compensation risk management incentive program accrual, our deferred taxes, the reserve for losses on notes receivable, and the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including goodwill.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable consist of amounts due for labor services from customers of franchisees, accounts receivable purchased in acquisitions, and accounts receivable originating at, or attributable to, company-owned locations. We own the accounts receivable from labor services provided by our franchisees until they age beyond a date agreed upon with each respective franchisee between 42 and 84 days. When accounts receivable age beyond the agreed-upon date, or are otherwise deemed uncollectable, they are charged back to our franchisees. Accordingly, we do not record an allowance for doubtful accounts on these accounts receivable.

For staffing services provided by company-owned offices, and for purchased accounts receivable, we record accounts receivable at face value less an allowance for doubtful accounts. We determine the allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical write-off experience, the age of the receivable, other qualitative factors and extenuating circumstances, and current economic data which represents our best estimate of the amount of probable losses on these accounts receivable, if any. We review the allowance for doubtful accounts periodically and write off past due balances when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected. Our allowance for doubtful accounts on company-owned and purchased accounts receivable was approximately $27 thousand and $26 thousand at September 30, 2022,and  December 31, 2021, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

Our primary source of revenue comes from royalty fees based on the operation of our franchised offices. Royalty fees from our HireQuest Direct business model are based on a percentage of sales for services our franchisees provide to customers, which ranges from 6.0% to 8.0%. Royalty fees from our HireQuest business line, including HireQuest franchisees, DriverQuest franchisees, the Northbound franchisee, the HireQuest Health franchisees, and Snelling and LINK franchisees who executed new franchise agreements upon closing, are 4.5% of the payroll we fund plus 18.0% of the gross margin for the territory. Royalty fees from the Snelling and LINK franchise agreements assumed and not renegotiated at closing range from 5.0% to 8.0% of sales for services our franchisees provide to customers. Our franchisees are responsible for taking customer orders, providing customers with services, establishing the prices charged for services, and controlling other aspects related to providing service to customers prior to the service being transferred to the customer, such as determining which temporary employees to dispatch to the customer and establishing pay rates for the temporary employees. Accordingly, we present revenue from franchised locations on a net basis as agent as opposed to a gross basis as principal. With company owned locations, we control the conditions under which we provide services to customers. Accordingly, we present revenue from owned locations on a gross basis as principal.

For franchised locations, we recognize revenue when we satisfy our performance obligations. Our performance obligations primarily take the form of a franchise license and promised services. Promised services consist primarily of paying temporary employees, completing all statutory payroll related obligations, and providing workers' compensation insurance on behalf of temporary employees. Because these performance obligations are interrelated, we do not consider them to be individually distinct and therefore account for them as a single performance obligation. Because our franchisees receive and consume the benefits of our services simultaneously, our performance obligations are satisfied when our services are provided. Franchise royalties are billed on a weekly basis. We also offer various incentive programs for franchisees including royalty incentives, royalty credits, and other support initiatives. These incentives and credits are provided to encourage new office development and organic growth, and to limit workers' compensation exposure. We present franchise royalty fees net of these incentives and credits.

For owned locations, we account for revenue when both parties to the contract have approved the contract, the rights and obligations of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue derived from owned locations is recognized at the time we satisfy our performance obligation. Our contracts have a single performance obligation, which is the transfer of services. Because our customers receive and consume the benefits of our services simultaneously, our performance obligations are satisfied when our services are provided. Revenue from owned locations is reported net of customer credits, discounts, and taxes collected from customers that are remitted to taxing authorities. Our customers are invoiced every week and we rarely require payment prior to the delivery of service. Substantially all of our contracts include payment terms of 30 days or less and are short-term in nature. Because of our payment terms with our customers, there are no significant contract assets or liabilities. We do not extend payment terms beyond one year.

Below are summaries of our franchise royalties disaggregated by business model (in thousands):

Service revenue, which forms the other component of our total revenue, consists of interest we charge our franchisees on overdue customer accounts receivable, trademark license fees, and other fees for optional services we provide. We recognize interest income based on the effective interest rate applied to the outstanding principal balance of overdue accounts. License fees are charged to some locations that utilize our intellectual property that are not franchisees. License fees are 9.0% of the gross margin for the location and are recognized when earned. We recognize revenue from optional services as we provide them.

Notes Receivable

Notes receivable from franchisees consist primarily of amounts due to us related to the financing of franchised locations. We report notes receivable from franchisees at the principal balance outstanding less an allowance for losses. We charge interest at a fixed rate and interest income is calculated by applying the effective rate to the outstanding principal balance. Notes receivable are generally secured by the assets of each location and the ownership interests in the franchise. We monitor the financial condition of our debtors and record provisions for estimated losses when we believe it is probable that our debtors will be unable to make their required payments. We evaluate the potential impairment of notes receivable based on various analyses, including estimated discounted future cash flows, at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. When a note receivable is deemed impaired, we discontinue accruing interest and only recognize interest income when payment is received. Our allowance for losses on notes receivable was approximately $405 thousand at  September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Notes receivable from non-franchisees consist primarily of amounts due to us from the sale of non-core assets acquired after an acquisition. We report notes receivable from non-franchisees at the principal balance outstanding less an allowance for losses. We charge interest at a fixed rate and interest income is calculated by applying the effective rate to the outstanding principal balance. Notes receivable are generally unsecured. We monitor the financial condition of our debtors and evaluate the potential impairment of notes receivable based on various analyses, including estimated discounted future cash flows, at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. When a note receivable is deemed impaired, we discontinue accruing interest and only recognize interest income when payment is received. Our impairment reserve on notes receivable from non-franchisees was approximately $1.6 million and $1.5 million at  September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired are recorded at fair value. We test our finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets  may not be recoverable. We test our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets  may not be recoverable (see "Impairment" below). If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, we recognize an impairment in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying value. Management uses considerable judgment to determine key assumptions, including projected revenue, royalty rates and appropriate discount rates. There were no intangible asset impairment charges in 2022 or 2021. 

Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which ranges from 7 to 15 years. Our finite-lived intangible assets include acquired franchise agreements, acquired customer lists, internally developed software, and purchased software. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets include acquired domain names and trade names. For additional information related to significant additions to intangible assets, see Note 2 - Acquisitions. 

Intangible assets internally developed are measured at cost. We capitalize costs to develop or purchase computer software for internal use which are incurred during the application development stage. These costs include fees paid to third parties for development services and payroll costs for employees' time spent developing the software. We expense costs when incurred during the preliminary project stage and the post-implementation stage. Capitalized development costs will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software. The capitalization and ongoing assessment of recoverability of development costs requires considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors, including, but not limited to, technological and economic feasibility, and estimated economic life.

The table below reflects information related to our intangible assets (in thousands). 

Impairment

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events or substantive changes in circumstances that indicate the Indefinite-lived intangible asset is more likely than not impaired. Such indicators may include a deterioration in macroeconomic conditions a significant increase in cost factors; negative overall financial performance (including a decline in our expected future cash flows); entity-specific changes in key personnel, strategy or customers; and industry considerations including competition, legal, regulatory, contractual or asset-specific factors, among others. The occurrence of these indicators could have a significant impact on the recoverability of the indefinite-lived intangible and could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. For purposes of our impairment test, the assessment of indefinite-lived intangibles is performed at the asset level. 

Impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles is determined using a two-step process. The first step involves assessing qualitative factors to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. Further testing is only required if  we determine, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset's fair value is less than its carrying amount. Otherwise, no further impairment testing is required. The qualitative assessment may be performed on none, some, or all of our indefinite-lived intangible assets. Alternatively, we can bypass the qualitative assessment for any indefinite-lived intangible asset in any period and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets received attributable to business combinations. Goodwill is measured for impairment at least annually, or whenever events and circumstances arise that indicate an impairment may exist (see "Impairment" below). These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. We test for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level. In assessing the value of goodwill, assets and liabilities are assigned to a reporting unit and the appropriate valuation methodologies are used to determine fair value at the reporting unit level. At September 30, 2022 we had a single reporting unit.

The table below summarizes our goodwill at December 31, 2021 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

Impairment 

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment during the third quarter or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events or substantive changes in circumstances that indicate goodwill is more likely than not impaired. Such indicators may include a sustained, significant decline in our stock price; a decline in our expected future cash flows; significant disposition activity; a significant adverse change in the economic or business environment; and the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group, among others. The occurrence of these indicators could have a significant impact on the recoverability of goodwill and could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

For purposes of our impairment test, we operate as a single reporting unit. Different judgments relating to the determination of reporting units could significantly affect the testing of goodwill for impairment and the amount of any impairment recognized.

When evaluating goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Qualitative factors include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, and overall company financial performance. If, after assessing these events and circumstances, we determine that it is more likely than not the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is not necessary. If necessary, the quantitative impairment test involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. Fair value reflects the price a market participant would be willing to pay in a potential sale of the reporting unit. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, no impairment of goodwill is deemed necessary. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, up to the carrying value of the goodwill. 

Based on our annual qualitative assessment, we have concluded that it is more likely than not the fair value of our reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and our goodwill was not impaired. As such, it was not necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test.

Earnings per Share

We calculate basic earnings per share by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. We do not include the impact of any potentially dilutive common stock equivalents in our basic earnings per share calculations. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in our earnings through the conversion of common shares issuable via outstanding stock options and unvested restricted shares, except where their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Outstanding common stock equivalents at  September 30, 2022 and  September 30, 2021 totaled approximately 240 thousand and 229 thousand, respectively.

We use the treasury stock method to calculate the diluted common shares outstanding which were as follows (in thousands):

Fair Value Measures

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Our policy on fair value measures requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The policy establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The policy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and all other current liabilities approximate fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair value of notes receivable approximates the net book value and balances are reviewed for impairment at least annually. The fair value of the term loan payable approximates its carrying value. The fair value of impaired notes receivable are determined based on estimated future payments discounted back to present value using the notes effective interest rate.

For additional information related to our impaired notes receivable, see Note 10 - Notes Receivable. 

Discontinued Operations

Company-owned offices that have been disposed of by sale, disposed of other than by sale, or are classified as held-for-sale, are reported separately as discontinued operations. In addition, a newly acquired business that, upon acquisition, meets the held-for-sale criteria will be reported as discontinued operations. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities, operating results, and cash flows for these businesses are presented separate from our continuing operations for all periods presented in our consolidated financial statements and footnotes, unless indicated otherwise. The assets and liabilities of a discontinued operation held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying value or fair value less cost to sell.

Savings Plan

We have a savings plan that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under our 401(k) plan, eligible employees  may contribute a portion of their pre-tax earnings, subject to certain limitations. As a benefit, we match 100% of each employee’s first 3% of contributions, then 50% of each employee’s contribution beyond 3%, up to a maximum match of 4% of the employee’s eligible earnings. Matching expense related to our savings plan totaled approximately $16 thousand and $14 thousand during the three months ended   September 30, 2022 and  September 30, 2021, respectively. Matching expense totaled approximately $47 thousand and $41 thousand during the nine months ended   September 30, 2022 and  September 30, 2021, respectively. 

Reclassification

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements  

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today's “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. It also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). The amendments in ASU 2017-4 simplify the measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under these amendments, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company adopted this guidance using a prospective transition method and incorporated the guidance into its annual goodwill impairment testing performed in the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

We do not expect other accounting standards that the FASB or other standards-setting bodies have issued to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 2 - Acquisitions

Business Combinations

Snelling Staffing

On March 1, 2021, we completed our acquisition of certain assets of Snelling in accordance with the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated January 29, 2021 (the “Snelling Agreement”). Founded in 1951, Snelling is a well-known staffing company previously headquartered in Richardson, TX. Pursuant to the Snelling Agreement, HQ Snelling Corporation (“HQ Snelling”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired substantially all of the operating assets and assumed certain liabilities of the sellers for a purchase price of approximately $17.9 million. Also on March 1, 2021, HQ Snelling entered into the First Amendment to the Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which HireQuest, Inc. agreed to advance $2.1 million to the sellers at closing so the seller could facilitate payment on behalf of HQ Snelling to settle accrued payroll liabilities HQ Snelling assumed pursuant to the Snelling Agreement. Where we assumed franchisor status in this transaction, locations converting to the HireQuest model have subsequently signed our HireQuest franchise agreement but will continue to operate under the Snelling tradename.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. From the date of acquisition through December 31, 2021, the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were adjusted in conjunction with the net working capital reconciliation. These adjustments included an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $1.1 million, a decrease in other current assets of approximately $9 thousand, an increase in current liabilities of approximately $77 thousand, an increase in other liabilities of approximately $217 thousand, and an increase in the bargain purchase gain of approximately $662 thousand. No adjustments were made during 2022.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

The bargain purchase is attributable to the financial position of the seller and because there were few suitable potential buyers. This gain is included in the line item, “Other miscellaneous income (expense),” in our consolidated statement of income.

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information (in thousands, except per share data) assuming (a) the acquisition of Snelling had occurred on January 1, 2020, (b) all of Snelling’s operations had been converted to franchises on such date, and (c) none of the other acquisitions discussed in this Note 2 had occurred.  The unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had in fact taken place on that date. Gross profit attributable to the acquiree of approximately $1.1 million and approximately $3.4 million is included in our consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. 

These calculations reflect increased amortization expense, increased payroll expense, the elimination of gains associated with the transaction, the elimination of transaction related costs, and the consequential tax effects that would have resulted had the acquisition closed on January 1, 2020.

In connection with the acquisition, we sold the 10 locations that had been company-owned by Snelling located in Bakersfield, CA; Albany, NY; Arlington Heights, IL; Amherst, NY; Dallas, TX; Hayward, CA; Hoffman Estates, IL; Lathrop, CA; Ontario, CA; and Tracy, CA. Two of these locations were sold to franchisees. Four locations were sold to a third-party purchaser. Four offices were sold to a California purchaser (the “California Purchaser”) and operate under the Snelling name pursuant to a license agreement with us. The aggregate sale price for these 10 locations consisted of (i) $1.0 million in the form of a promissory note that bears interest at 6.0% per annum, (ii) the right to receive 1.5% of revenue generated at the Ontario location for the next 12 months, subject to certain conditions being satisfied (the "California Conditions"), (iii) the right to receive 2.5% of revenue generated at the Tracy and Lathrop locations for the next 12 months, subject to the California Conditions, (iv) the right to receive 2.0% of revenue generated at the Princeton location for the next 36 months, and (v) approximately $1 million in cash. There were no remaining company-owned locations at March 31, 2021. One of the California locations operates pursuant to a license agreement whereby the California Purchaser licenses the Snelling trademark and pays us a royalty of 9% of their gross margin. In conjunction with the sale of assets acquired in this transaction, we recognized a gain of $-0- and approximately $638 thousand which is reflected on the line item, "Other miscellaneous income," in our consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Temporary Alternatives

On January 24, 2022, we completed our acquisition of certain assets of Temporary Alternatives in accordance with the terms of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated  January 10, 2022, including three locations in West Texas and New Mexico for $7.0 million, inclusive of a prescribed amount of net working capital. Temporary Alternatives is a staffing division of dmDickason Personnel Services, a family-owned company based in El Paso, TX. The acquisition of Temporary Alternatives will expand our national footprint into West Texas and grow our franchise base. 

The fair values of the assets acquired were determined based on information available to us. From the date of acquisition through September 30, 2022, the fair value of assets acquired were adjusted in conjunction with a third-party valuation and the net working capital reconciliation. These adjustments included a decrease in customer lists of approximately $375 thousand, a decrease in accounts receivable of approximately $3 thousand, and the recognition of approximately $375 thousand of goodwill. The following table summarizes the revised values of the identifiable assets acquired as of the acquisition date (in thousands). 

Goodwill represents the expected synergies with our existing business, the acquired assembled workforce, potential new customers, and future cash flows after the acquisition of Temporary Alternatives. Goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information (in thousands, except per share data) assuming (a) the acquisition of Temporary Alternatives had occurred on January 1, 2021, (b) all of Temporary Alternative’s operations had been converted to franchises on such date, and (c) none of the other acquisitions discussed in this Note 2 had occurred.  The unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had in fact taken place on that date. Gross profit attributable to the acquiree of approximately $72 thousand and approximately $252 thousand is included in our consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. 

These calculations reflect increased amortization expense, increased SG&A expense, the elimination of losses associated with the transaction, and the consequential tax effects that would have resulted had the acquisition closed on January 1, 2021.

In connection with the acquisition, we sold certain assets related to the operations of the acquired locations. In connection with their purchase, the buyers executed franchise agreements with us and became franchisees. The aggregate sale price for the operating assets was approximately $2.9 million. In conjunction with the sale of assets acquired in this transaction, we recognized a loss of approximately $1.1 million which is reflected on the line item, "Other miscellaneous income (expense)," in our consolidated statement of income. The franchisee is a related party. See Note 3 - Related Party Transactions for more information regarding the Worlds Franchisees. We provisionally recognized a loss of approximately $1.5 million. Subsequently, the fair value of assets acquired were adjusted in conjunction with a third-party valuation and the net working capital reconciliation. These adjustments included a decrease in the loss of approximately $375 thousand, which is reflected on the line item, "Other miscellaneous income (expense)," in our consolidated statement of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The Dubin Group, Inc., and Dubin Workforce Solutions 

On February 21, 2022 we completed our acquisition of the staffing operations of The Dubin Group, Inc., and Dubin Workforce Solutions, Inc. (collectively “Dubin”) in accordance with the terms of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated  January 19, 2022  for approximately $2.5 million, inclusive of a prescribed amount of working capital. Dubin provides executive placement services and commercial staffing in the Philadelphia metro area. The acquisition of Dubin will help expedite growth into a new staffing vertical, expand our national footprint, and grow our franchise base. 

The fair values of the assets acquired were determined based on information available to us. From the date of acquisition through September 30, 2022, the fair value of assets acquired were adjusted in conjunction with a third-party valuation. These adjustments included an increase in customer relationships of approximately $972 thousand, a decrease in customer lists of approximately $772 thousand, and the recognition of approximately $200 thousand of goodwill. The following table summarizes the revised values of the identifiable assets acquired as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

Goodwill represents the expected synergies with our existing business, the acquired assembled workforce, potential new customers, and future cash flows after the acquisition of Dubin. Goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information (in thousands, except per share data) assuming (a) the acquisition of Dubin had occurred on January 1, 2021, (b) all of Dubin’s operations had been converted to franchises on such date, and (c) none of the other acquisitions discussed in this Note 2 had occurred.  The unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had in fact taken place on that date. Gross profit attributable to the acquiree of approximately $56 thousand and approximately $107 thousand is included in our consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. 

These calculations reflect increased amortization expense, increased payroll expense, increased SG&A expense, the elimination of gains associated with the transaction, and the consequential tax effects that would have resulted had the acquisition closed on January 1, 2021.

In connection with the acquisition, we divided Dubin into separate businesses and sold certain assets related to the operations of one of the acquired locations. In connection with their purchase, the buyers executed franchise agreements with us and became franchisees. The aggregate sale price for the operating assets was $350 thousand. In conjunction with the sale of assets acquired in this transaction, we recognized a gain of approximately $150 thousand which is reflected on the line item, "Other miscellaneous income (expense)," in our consolidated statement of income. We provisionally recognized a loss of approximately $478 thousand. Subsequently, the fair value of assets acquired were adjusted in conjunction with a third-party valuation and the net working capital reconciliation. These adjustments included a decrease in the loss of approximately $628 thousand, which is reflected on the line item, "Other miscellaneous income (expense)," in our consolidated statement of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The remaining assets related to the operations of the other acquired locations have not been sold and as of September 30, 2022 are classified as available-for-sale and the operating results are reported as “Income from discontinued operations, net of tax.” We are actively working to sell these assets. In the meantime, we operate the Philadelphia Snelling franchise as company-owned. The income from discontinued operations amounts as reported on our consolidated statements of income is comprised of the following amounts (in thousands):

Northbound Executive Search

On February 28, 2022 we completed our acquisition of certain assets of Northbound Executive Search, LTD (“Northbound”) in accordance with the terms of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated  January 25, 2022, for approximately $11.4 million, inclusive of a $1.5 million note payable and a prescribed amount of working capital. Northbound provides executive placement and short-term consultant services primarily to blue chip clients in the financial services industry. The acquisition of Northbound will help expedite growth into a new staffing vertical, expand our national footprint, and grow our franchise base.

The fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed were determined based on information available to us. From the date of acquisition through September 30, 2022, the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were adjusted in conjunction with a third-party valuation and the net working capital reconciliation. These adjustments included a decrease in customer relationships of approximately $389 thousand, a decrease in trade name of approximately $111 thousand, an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $363 thousand, a decrease in other current assets of approximately $34 thousand, an increase in other current liabilities of approximately $64 thousand, and the recognition of approximately $500 thousand of goodwill. The following table summarizes the revised values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

Goodwill represents the expected synergies with our existing business, the acquired assembled workforce, potential new customers, and future cash flows after the acquisition of Northbound. Goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information (in thousands, except per share data) assuming (a) the acquisition of Northbound had occurred on January 1, 2021, (b) all of Northbound's operations had been converted to franchises on such date, and (c) none of the other acquisitions discussed in this Note 2 had occurred.  The unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had in fact taken place on that date. Gross profit attributable to the acquiree of approximately $286 thousand and approximately $717 thousand is included in our consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. 

These calculations reflect increased amortization expense, increased SG&A expense, the elimination of losses associated with the transaction, and the consequential tax effects that would have resulted had the acquisition closed on January 1, 2021.

In connection with the Northbound acquisition, we entered into an amortizing term loan from the seller for $1.5 million scheduled to mature on March 1, 2025 that bears interest at 4.0%. The term loan is unsecured and subordinated to our senior instruments (Truist line of credit and Truist term loan). The Northbound term loan is payable in 36 monthly installments beginning on April 1, 2022 until March 1, 2025. We  may prepay the Northbound term loan in whole or in part at any time or from time to time without penalty or premium by paying the principal amount to be prepaid together with accrued interest thereon to the date of prepayment.

Immediately after the acquisition, we sold certain assets related to the operations of the acquired locations. In connection with their purchase, the buyers executed franchise agreements with us and became franchisees. The aggregate sale price for the operating assets was $6.4 million. In conjunction with the sale of assets acquired in this transaction, we recognized a loss of approximately $1.3 million which is reflected on the line item, "Other miscellaneous income (expense)," in our consolidated statement of income. The franchisee that purchased these operating assets is a related party. For more information. See Note 3 - Related Party Transactions regarding the Worlds Franchisees. We provisionally recognized a loss of approximately $1.7 million. Subsequently, the fair value of assets acquired were adjusted in conjunction with a third-party valuation and the net working capital reconciliation. These adjustments included a decrease in the loss of approximately $389 thousand, which is reflected on the line item, "Other miscellaneous income (expense)," in our consolidated statement of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Asset Acquisitions

LINK Staffing

On March 22, 2021, we completed our acquisition of the franchise relationships and similar assets of LINK in accordance with the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated February 12, 2021 (the "LINK Agreement"). LINK is a family-owned staffing company headquartered in Houston, TX. Pursuant to the LINK Agreement, HQ Link Corporation ("HQ Link"), our wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired franchise agreements for approximately 35 locations, and other assets of LINK Staffing for a purchase price of $11.1 million. Substantially all of the locations where we assumed franchisor status in this transaction have subsequently signed our HireQuest franchise agreement and all but one operate under the Snelling tradename. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the identifiable assets acquired as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

We determined the LINK transaction was an asset acquisition for accounting purposes as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in the franchise agreements. Accordingly, no pro forma financial information is presented.

We assigned six of the franchise agreements we purchased in the transaction, all located in California, to the California Purchaser. These six franchisees operate pursuant to a LINK trademark sublicense agreement whereby they pay us 9% of the gross margin of their offices in exchange for a sublicense to utilize the LINK tradename. In conjunction with the sale of assets acquired in this transaction, we recognized a loss of approximately $1.9 million which is reflected on the line item, "Other miscellaneous income," in our consolidated statement of income.

Recruit Media

On October 1, 2021 we completed our acquisition of Recruit Media in accordance with the Stock Purchase Agreement dated October 1, 2021 (the “Recruit Agreement”). Pursuant to the Recruit Agreement, we purchased all of the outstanding shares of Recruit Media for approximately $4.4 million. Recruit Media was a pre-revenue information technology company whose intellectual property will allow us to accelerate improvements to our platform. The following table summarizes the values of the identifiable assets acquired as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

We determined the Recruit Media transaction was an asset acquisition for accounting purposes as it did not meet the definition of a business. Accordingly, no pro forma financial information is presented.

Dental Power

On December 6, 2021, we completed our acquisition of the Dental Power Staffing division (“Dental Power”) in accordance with the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated November 2, 2021 (the "Dental Power Agreement") for $1.9 million, inclusive of contingent consideration. DPI is a 46-year-old dental staffing company headquartered in Carrboro, North Carolina. Dental Power is a provider of temporary, long-term contract, and direct-hire staffing services to dental practices across the U.S. The addition of Dental Power brings additional resources and experience to HQI that will help expedite growth into a new staffing vertical.

The following table summarizes the values of the identifiable assets acquired as of the acquisition date (in thousands):

The contingent consideration consists of estimated future payments based on the achievement of performance metrics over the following 3 years. Through September 30, 2022, we have paid out approximately $159 thousand in contingent consideration. 

We determined the Dental Power transaction was an asset acquisition for accounting purposes as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in the customer list. Accordingly, no pro forma financial information is presented.

Note 3 - Related Party Transactions

Prior to entering into a new related party transaction which is disclosable pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K, the Audit Committee reviews all relevant information available. In addition, the Audit Committee reviews a summary of related parties and related party transactions on a quarterly basis. The Audit Committee, in its sole discretion, may approve the related party transaction only if it determines, in good faith and under all circumstances, that the transaction is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. The Audit Committee, in its sole discretion, may also impose conditions as it deems appropriate on the Company or the related party in connection with the approval of the related party transaction.

Several significant shareholders and directors of HQI own portions of Jackson Insurance Agency, Bass Underwriters, Inc., Insurance Technologies, Inc., and a number of our franchisees (in whole or in part).

Jackson Insurance Agency ("Jackson Insurance") and Bass Underwriters, Inc. ("Bass")

Edward Jackson, a member of our Board and significant stockholder, and a member of Mr. Jackson’s immediate family own Jackson Insurance. Mr. Jackson, Richard Hermanns, our CEO, Chairman of our Board, and most significant stockholder, and irrevocable trusts set up by each of them, collectively own a majority of Bass, a large managing general agent.

In March of 2021, we sold approximately $5.3 million of notes receivable to Bass, without recourse. Virtually all of the notes sold to Bass originated from the sale of branch locations acquired in the 2019 merger with Command Center, Inc. (the "Merger"). These notes were sold at their current outstanding principal value. The proceeds from the sale of these notes were used to help finance the Snelling and LINK transactions.

Jackson Insurance and Bass brokered property, casualty, general liability, and cybersecurity insurance for a series of predecessor entities (“Legacy HQ”) prior to the Merger. Since July 15, 2019, they have continued to broker these same policies for HQI. Jackson Insurance also brokers certain insurance policies on behalf of some of our franchisees, including the Worlds Franchisees (defined below).

During the three months ended  September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, Jackson Insurance and Bass invoiced HQI approximately $-0- and $117 thousand, respectively, for premiums, taxes, and fees related to these insurance policies. During the nine months ended  September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, Jackson Insurance and Bass invoiced HQI approximately $252 thousand and $701 thousand, respectively, for premiums, taxes, and fees related to these insurance policies. Jackson Insurance and Bass retain a commission of approximately 9% - 15% of premiums.

Insurance Technologies, Inc. ("Insurance Technologies")

Mr. Jackson, Mr. Hermanns, and irrevocable trusts set up by each of them, collectively own a majority of Insurance Technologies, an IT development and security firm. On October 24, 2019, HQI entered into an agreement with Insurance Technologies to add certain cybersecurity protections to our existing information technology systems and to assist in developing future information technology systems within our HQ Webconnect software. In addition, Insurance Technologies assisted with the IT diligence and integration process with respect to the Snelling and LINK acquisitions.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, Insurance Technologies invoiced HQI approximately $82 thousand and $5 thousand, respectively, for services provided pursuant to this agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, Insurance Technologies invoiced HQI approximately $119 thousand and $198 thousand, respectively, for services provided pursuant to this agreement. 

The Worlds Franchisees

Mr. Jackson and immediate family members of Mr. Hermanns have significant ownership interests in certain of our franchisees (the “Worlds Franchisees”). There were 26 Worlds Franchisees at  September 30, 2022 that operated 64 of our 225 offices. Concurrent with the acquisitions of Temporary Alternatives and Northbound, we sold a portion of the assets acquired to entities partially owned by the Worlds Franchisees. Gross proceeds from the sale of Temporary Alternatives was $2.9 million and we recognized a loss of $1.1 million. Gross proceeds from the sale of Northbound was $6.4 million and we recognized a loss of $1.3 million.

Concurrent with the Snelling acquisition in 2021 we sold the Princeton, NJ assets acquired to an entity partially owned by the Worlds Franchisees. Gross proceeds from the sale of Princeton was $81 thousand and we recognized a gain of $81 thousand.

Other transactions regarding the Worlds Franchisees are summarized below (in thousands):

Balances regarding the Worlds Franchisees are summarized below (in thousands):

Note 4 - Line of Credit and Term Loans

In June 2021, we entered into a loan agreement with Truist Bank (“Truist”) for a $60 million revolving line of credit with a $20 million sublimit for letters of credit and a $3.2 million term loan. The credit facilities are set up to facilitate a syndication of lenders with Truist acting as the administrative agent. The line of credit is subject to a borrowing base that is derived from our accounts receivable, subject to certain reserves and other limitations. Under the agreement, Truist may also make swingline loans available in its discretion. As of September 30, 2022, Truist remains the only lender. The Truist loan agreement replaces our prior $30 million line of credit.

All loans made under the line of credit are scheduled to mature on June 29, 2026. The line of credit and swingline loans bear interest at a variable rate equal to: (a) for LIBOR index rate loans, the Daily One Month London Interbank Offering Rate, (“LIBOR”) plus a margin between 1.25% and 1.75% per annum or; (b), for base rate loans, the then applicable base rate plus a margin between 0.25% and 0.75% per annum. The margin is determined based on our average excess availability, which is generally equal to our total collateral less the outstanding balance, if any, under the loan agreement. At  September 30, 2022 the effective interest rate was approximately 4.9%. A non-use fee of 0.25% accrues on the unused portion of the line of credit. As collateral for repayment of any and all obligations under this agreement, we granted Truist a security interest in substantially all of our operating assets and the operating assets of our subsidiaries. This agreement, and other loan documents, contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, including without limitation, those covenants governing indebtedness, liens, fundamental changes, restrictions on certain payments, including dividends, unless certain conditions are met, transactions with affiliates, investments, and the sale of assets. This agreement requires us to comply with a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25:1.00, and a leverage ratio of not more than 3.0:1.0, tested monthly on a rolling twelve-month basis. At  September 30, 2022 we were in compliance with these covenants. Our obligations under this agreement are subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of an event of default as defined in the loan agreement.

At September 30, 2022, approximately $10.7 million of availability under the line of credit was utilized by outstanding letters of credit that secure our obligations to our workers’ compensation insurance carrier, $500 thousand was utilized by a letter of credit that secures our paycard funding account, and approximately $177 thousand was utilized as a reserve against the Northbound term loan. For additional information related to the letter of credit securing our workers’ compensation obligations see Note 5 - Workers’ Compensation Insurance and Reserves.

The Truist term loan is scheduled to mature on June 29, 2036 and bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 2.0%. At  September 30, 2022 the effective interest rate was approximately 5.1%. The term loan will be paid in equal monthly installments based upon a 15-year amortization of the original principal amount of the term loan, provided that any remaining principal balance is due and payable in full on the earlier of the date of termination of the commitments on the line of credit and June 29, 2036. The term loan is collateralized by all real property owned by us. The proceeds of approximately $3.2 million were used to pay off our prior credit facility and to pay transaction related fees and expenses. The loan agreement contains hardwired mechanics for the replacement of LIBOR with a rate based upon the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or a successor administrator upon LIBOR’s cessation or other benchmark transition event set forth in the loan agreement, together with a spread adjustment.

The Truist line of credit and the Truist term loan are cross collateralized, cross defaulted and coterminous.

In connection with the Northbound acquisition, we entered into an amortizing term loan from the seller for $1.5 million scheduled to mature on March 1, 2025 that bears interest at 4.0%. The Northbound term loan is unsecured and subordinated to our senior instruments (the Truist line of credit and Truist term loan). The Northbound term loan is payable in 36 monthly installments beginning on April 1, 2022 until March 1, 2025. We  may prepay the Northbound term loan in whole or in part at any time or from time to time without penalty or premium by paying the principal amount to be prepaid together with accrued interest thereon to the date of prepayment.

Note 5 - Workers’ Compensation Insurance and Reserves

Beginning in March 2014, Legacy HQ obtained its workers’ compensation insurance through Chubb Limited and ACE American Insurance Company (collectively, “ACE”), in all states in which it operated, other than monopolistic jurisdictions. The ACE policy was a high deductible policy pursuant to which Legacy HQ had primary responsibility for all claims with ACE providing insurance for covered losses and expenses in excess of $500 thousand per incident. In addition to the ACE policy, Legacy HQ purchased a deductible reimbursement insurance policy from Hirequest Insurance Company (“HQ Ins.”), a captive insurer, to cover losses up to the $500 thousand deductible with ACE. This resulted in Legacy HQ effectively being fully insured until the Merger. Effective July 15, 2019, Legacy HQ terminated its deductible reimbursement policy with HQ Ins. We assumed the primary responsibility for all claims up to the deductible occurring on or after July 15, 2019. The primary responsibility for all claims occurring before July 15, 2019 remains with HQ Ins.

Command Center, the predecessor entity that acquired Legacy HQ in 2019, also obtained its workers’ compensation insurance through ACE. Pursuant to Command Center’s most recent policy, which expired on March 1, 2020, ACE provided insurance for covered losses and expenses in excess of $500 thousand per incident. Command Center’s ACE policy included a one-time obligation for the Company to pay any single claim filed under the Command Center policy within a policy year that exceeds $500 thousand (if any), but only up to $750 thousand for that claim. All other claims within the policy year were subject to the $500 thousand deductible. Effective July 15, 2019, in connection with the Merger, we assumed all of the workers’ compensation claims of Command Center. We also assumed Command Center’s workers’ compensation policy with ACE.

Under these high deductible programs, we are effectively self-insured. Per our contractual agreements with ACE, we must provide collateral deposits of approximately $10.7 million, which we accomplished by providing a letter of credit under our agreement with Truist. For workers’ compensation claims originating in the monopolistic jurisdictions of North Dakota, Ohio, Washington, and Wyoming, we pay workers’ compensation insurance premiums and obtain full coverage under mandatory state administered programs. Our liability associated with claims in these jurisdictions is limited to premium payments based upon the amount of payroll paid, or hours worked, within each jurisdiction. Accordingly, our consolidated financial statements reflect only the mandated workers’ compensation insurance premium liability for workers’ compensation claims in these jurisdictions.

Note 6 - Stockholders’ Equity

Dividend

In the third quarter of 2020, we initiated the payment of a quarterly dividend and intend to continue to pay a quarterly dividend, based on our business results and financial position. The following common share dividends were paid during 2022 and 2021 (total paid in thousands):

Note 7 - Stock Based Compensation

Employee Stock Incentive Plan

In December 2019, our Board approved the 2019 HireQuest, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). Subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the 2019 Plan, no more than 1.5 million shares of common stock are available in the aggregate for the grant of awards under the 2019 Plan. No more than 1 million shares may be issued in the aggregate pursuant to the exercise of incentive stock options. In addition, no more than 250 thousand shares may be issued in the aggregate to any employee or consultant, and no more than 50 thousand shares may be issued in the aggregate to any non-employee director in any twelve-month period. Shares of common stock available for distribution under the Plan may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares, treasury shares or shares reacquired by the Company in any manner. The 2019 Plan was approved by our shareholders in June 2020 and became effective as of that date.

In September 2019, our Board approved a share purchase match program to encourage ownership and further align the interests of key employees and directors with those of our shareholders. Under this program, we will match 20% of any shares of our common stock purchased on the open market by or granted in lieu of cash compensation to key employees and directors up to $25 thousand in aggregate value per individual within any calendar year. These shares vest on the second anniversary of the date on which the matched shares were purchased if the individual is still employed by the Company or still serves as a director and certain other vesting criteria are met. During the first nine months of 2022, we issued approximately 10 thousand shares valued at approximately $151 thousand under this program. During the first nine months of 2021, we issued approximately 5 thousand shares valued at approximately $73 thousand under this program.

In the first nine months of 2022, we have issued 12,512 shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the 2019 Plan valued at approximately $205 thousand to members of our Board of Directors for their services in lieu of cash compensation. Of these, 10,532 shares vested equally over the following three months. The remaining 1,980 shares were issued pursuant to our share purchase match program. 

Also in the first nine months of 2022, we have issued 94,871 shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the 2019 Plan valued at approximately $1.5 million to key employees for their services in lieu of cash compensation. Of these, 41,066 shares vested equally over the following three months. Of the remaining 53,805 shares, 50,000 were issued to our CEO pursuant to his employment contract and vest over 4 years, and 3,805 shares were issued pursuant to our share purchase match program. In addition, we issued 28,735 shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the 2019 Plan valued at approximately $537 thousand to the vast majority of our workforce for services and to encourage retention. These shares vest on the first anniversary of the date of grant. 

In the first nine months of 2021, we issued 45,929 shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the 2019 Plan valued at approximately $913 thousand to members of our Board of Directors for their services in lieu of cash compensation. Of these, 43,274 shares vested equally over the following three months. The remaining 2,655 shares were issued pursuant to our share purchase match program. Also in 2021, we issued 50 thousand shares of restricted common stock to key employees pursuant to the 2019 Plan valued at approximately $919 thousand for services and to encourage retention. These shares vest over four years, with 50% vesting on their second anniversary, and 6.25% vesting each quarter thereafter for the next eight quarters. Also in the first nine months of 2021, we issued 2,280 shares of restricted common stock to certain Board members and employees pursuant to our share purchase match program valued at approximately $34 thousand.

The following table summarizes our restricted stock outstanding at December 31, 2021, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (number of shares in thousands).

Stock options that were outstanding at Command Center were deemed to be issued on the date of the Merger. Outstanding awards continue to remain in effect according to the terms of the Command Center 2008 Plan, the Command Center 2016 Plan, and the corresponding award documents. There were approximately 13 thousand stock options vested at  September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes our stock options outstanding at December 31, 2021, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (number of shares in thousands).

There were no non-vested stock options outstanding at September 30, 2022 or at  December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes information about our outstanding stock options, and reflects the intrinsic value recalculated based on the closing price of our common stock of $14.09 at September 30, 2022 (number of shares in thousands). 

At September 30, 2022, there was unrecognized stock-based compensation expense totaling approximately $2.0 million relating to non-vested restricted stock grants that will be recognized over the next 3.9 years.

Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies

Franchise Acquisition Indebtedness

New franchisees financed the purchase of several offices with promissory notes. In some instances, this financing resulted in certain franchises being considered VIEs. We have determined that we are not required to consolidate these entities because we do not have the power to direct these entities’ daily operations. If these franchises default on these notes, we bear the risk of loss of the outstanding balance on these notes, less what we could recoup from the potential resale of the repossessed office(s). The balance due from the franchises determined to be VIEs was approximately $2.9 million on  September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in various legal and administrative proceedings. Based on information currently available to us, we do not expect material uninsured losses to arise from any of these matters. We believe the outcome of these matters, even if determined adversely, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. There have been no material changes in our legal proceedings as of September 30, 2022.

Note 9 - Income Tax

Income tax expense during interim periods is based on applying an estimated annual effective income tax rate to year-to-date income, plus any significant unusual or infrequently occurring items which are recorded in the interim period. The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year and changes in tax law and tax rates. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, more experience is obtained, additional information becomes known, or the tax environment changes.

Our effective tax rate for continuing operations during the three months ended  September 30, 2022 and  September 30, 2021 was 18.6% and 9.2%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for continuing operations during the nine months ended  September 30, 2022 and  September 30, 2021 was 16.6% and 4.1%, respectively. The bulk of the difference between the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0% and our effective income tax rate results from the bargain purchase gain, which is recorded net of deferred taxes and is treated as a permanent difference, and the federal Work Opportunity Tax Credit, which is designed to encourage employers to hire workers from certain targeted groups with higher-than-average unemployment rates. Other differences result from state income taxes, certain non-deductible expenses, and tax effects of stock-based compensation.

We use an intra-period tax allocation is to allocate total income tax expense (or benefit) to the different components of continuing operations and discontinued operations.  This allocation uses a with and without methodology to determine income tax expense for discontinued operations. Tax expense allocated to discontinued operations was $32 thousand for the three months ended   September 30, 2022 , and $89 thousand for the nine months ended   September 30, 2022 .  There were no discontinued operations in 2021.

Note 10 - Notes Receivable

Notes from Franchisees

Several franchisees borrowed funds from us primarily to finance the initial purchase price of office assets, including intangible assets.

Notes outstanding, net of allowance for losses, were approximately $3.7 million and $3.9 million as of  September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Notes receivable generally bear interest at a fixed rate between 6.0% and 10.0%. Notes receivable are generally secured by the assets of each office and the ownership interests in the franchise. We report interest income on notes receivable as interest income in our consolidated statements of income. Interest income was approximately $51 thousand and $54 thousand during the three months ended  September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. Interest income was approximately $198 thousand and $285 thousand during the nine months ended  September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively.

We estimate the allowance for losses for franchisees separately from the allowance for losses from non-franchisees because of the level of detailed sales information available to us with respect to our franchisees. Based on our review of the financial condition of the borrowers, the underlying collateral value, and the potential future impact of the economy on certain borrowers’ economic performance and estimated future cash flows, we have established an allowance of approximately $405 thousand as of  September 30, 2022 and  December 31, 2021 for potentially uncollectible notes receivable from franchisees.

The following table summarizes our notes receivable balance to franchisees (in thousands):

Notes from Non-Franchisees

In connection with the Snelling acquisition, we sold certain California locations that had been company-owned by Snelling to the California purchaser (the “California Purchaser”). These locations are permitted to operate utilizing Snelling intellectual property pursuant to a license agreement paying us a license fee of 9% of their gross margin. The aggregate sale price for these locations consisted of cash, a promissory note that bears interest at 6.0% per annum, plus the right to receive a portion of revenue generated, subject to certain conditions being satisfied (the "California Conditions"). Similarly, in connection with the LINK acquisition, we assigned certain franchise agreements we purchased in the transaction, all located in California, to the California Purchaser. These franchisees operate pursuant to a LINK sublicense agreement whereby they pay us 9% of the gross margin of their offices in exchange for a sublicense to utilize LINK intellectual property. 

During 2020, the California Purchaser experienced significant economic hardships due to the impacts of COVID-19 and the related government mandates in the state. As a result, we restructured a portion of the notes receivable in an effort to increase the probability of repayment. We granted near-term payment concessions to help the debtor attempt to improve its financial condition so it may eventually be able to repay the amount due. On August 23, 2022 we provided a third forbearance agreement to avoid foreclosure action. As part of the forbearance we forgave additional payments due on the notes and agreed to a short-term payment schedule to collect a total of $71 thousand.  The first two payments were received by  September 30, 2022, and a third and final payment was received in October 2022, subsequent to the date of these financial statements.

We recognized no interest income on this note during the three months ended  September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021. We recognized interest income on this note of approximately $-0- and $83 thousand during the nine months ended  September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively.

The following table summarizes our non-franchisee note receivable balance that has been deemed impaired (in thousands):

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The financial position, results of operations, cash flows and other information included herein are not necessarily indicative of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows that may be expected in future periods. See "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" below for a discussion of uncertainties and assumptions that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Additionally, we use a non-GAAP financial measure and a key performance indicator to evaluate our results of operations. For important information regarding the use of such non-GAAP measure, including a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure, see the section titled "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measure: Adjusted EBITDA" below. For important information regarding the use of such key performance indicator, see the section titled “Key Performance Indicator: System-Wide Sales” below.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other documents incorporated herein by reference include, and our officers and other representatives may sometimes make or provide, certain estimates and other forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, including, among others, statements with respect to future revenue, franchise sales, system-wide sales, and the growth thereof; net income and Adjusted EBITDA (a Non-GAAP Financial Measure); the impact of any global pandemic including COVID-19; operating results; dividends and shareholder returns; anticipated benefits of mergers or acquisitions; intended office openings or closings; expectations of the effect on our financial condition of claims and litigation; strategies for customer retention and growth; strategies for risk management; and all other statements that are not purely historical and that may constitute statements of future expectations. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “believe,” “project,” “estimate,” “expect,” “strategy,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “will,” and similar references to future periods.

While we believe these statements are accurate, forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are inherently uncertain. They are based only on our current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy, and other future conditions. We cannot assure you that these expectations will materialize, and our actual results may be significantly different. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in any forward-looking statements made by us include the following: the level of demand and financial performance of the temporary staffing industry; the financial performance of our franchisees; our and our franchisees’ customers’ ability to navigate successfully the challenges posed by current global supply disruptions and inflation, including with respect to energy prices; the impacts of COVID-19 or other diseases or pandemics; changes in customer demand; the extent to which we are successful in gaining new long-term relationships with customers or retaining existing ones, the level of service failures that could lead customers to use competitors’ services; significant investigative or legal proceedings including, without limitation, those brought about by the existing regulatory environment or changes in the regulations governing the temporary staffing industry and those arising from the action or inaction of our franchisees and temporary employees; strategic actions, including acquisitions and dispositions and our success in integrating acquired businesses; disruptions to our technology network including computer systems and software whether resulting from a cyber-attack or otherwise; natural events such as severe weather, fires, floods, and earthquakes, or man-made or other disruptions of our operating systems or the economy including by war; the factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which we filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022; and the other factors discussed in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report.

Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. The Company disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, based on the occurrence of future events, the receipt of new information, or otherwise, except as required by law.

Overview

We are a nationwide franchisor of offices providing direct-dispatch, executive search, and commercial staffing solutions primarily in the light industrial  and blue-collar segments of the staffing industry. Our franchisees provide various types of temporary personnel through two business models operating under the trade names “HireQuest Direct”, “HireQuest”, “Snelling”, “LINK Staffing”, “DriverQuest”, “HireQuest Health”, and “Northbound Executive Search”. HireQuest Direct specializes primarily in unskilled and semi-skilled industrial and construction personnel. HireQuest, Snelling, and LINK specialize primarily in skilled and semi-skilled industrial personnel, clerical and administrative personnel, and permanent placement services. DriverQuest specializes in both commercial and non-CDL drivers serving a variety of industries and applications. HireQuest Health specializes in skilled personnel in the medical and dental industries. Northbound Executive Search specializes in executive placement and consultant services in the financial services industry. As of September 30, 2022 we had 225 franchisee-owned offices and 2 company owned offices in 38 states and the District of Columbia. We provide employment for an estimated 75,000 temporary employees annually working for thousands of clients in many industries including construction, recycling, warehousing, logistics, auctioneering, manufacturing, hospitality, landscaping, and retail.

The COVID-19 pandemic materially adversely impacted our business in 2020 and, to a much lesser extent, into 2021. Comparisons between 2022 and 2021 should be viewed through a COVID-19 lens with the understanding that for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 our revenues and expenses were impacted by COVID and were lower than they otherwise would have been. A full economic recovery has been slow to occur, and it is uncertain if businesses will remain fully open, or another broad shutdown will occur due to a variant or new strain. The long-term effectiveness of economic stabilization efforts, including government payments to affected citizens and industries, and government vaccination efforts, is also uncertain. Also affecting comparisons between 2022 and 2021 were the acquisitions consummated in 2021 and 2022 as described below.

Recent Developments

The Snelling Acquisition

On March 1, 2021, we completed our acquisition of certain assets of Snelling Staffing ("Snelling") in accordance with the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated January 29, 2021 (the “Snelling Agreement”). At the time of acquisition, Snelling Staffing was an eminent staffing company headquartered in Richardson, TX. Pursuant to the Snelling Agreement, HQ Snelling Corporation (“HQ Snelling”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired approximately 47 offices and substantially all of the operating assets, and assumed certain liabilities of the sellers for a purchase price of approximately $17.9 million (the "Snelling Acquisition"). Also on March 1, 2021, HQ Snelling entered into the First Amendment to the Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which HireQuest, Inc. agreed to advance $2.1 million to be paid to the sellers at closing to be used to pay accrued payroll liabilities that HQ Snelling assumed pursuant to the Snelling Agreement. We funded this acquisition with existing cash on hand and a draw on our existing line of credit with Truist Bank ("Truist").

The LINK Acquisition

On March 22, 2021, we completed our acquisition of the franchise relationships and certain other assets of LINK Staffing (“LINK”) in accordance with the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated February 12, 2021 (the "LINK Agreement"). At the time of acquisition LINK was a family-owned staffing company headquartered in Houston, TX. Pursuant to the LINK Agreement, HQ Link Corporation ("HQ Link"), our wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired approximately 35 franchised offices, customer lists and contracts, and other assets of LINK for a purchase price of $11.1 million (the "LINK Acquisition"). We funded this acquisition with existing cash on hand.

The Recruit Media Acquisition

On October 1, 2021 we completed our acquisition of Recruit Media, Inc. (“Recruit Media”) in accordance with the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement dated October 1, 2021 (the “Recruit Agreement”). Pursuant to the Recruit Agreement, we purchased all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Recruit Media for approximately $4.4 million. Recruit Media is a tuck-in acquisition whose intellectual property compliments our technological structure, allowing us to accelerate improvements to our platform. We funded this acquisition with existing cash on hand and a draw on our existing line of credit with Truist.

The Dental Power Acquisition

On December 6, 2021 we completed our acquisition of the Dental Power Staffing division ("Dental Power") of Dental Power International, Inc. (“DPI”) in accordance with the terms of a definitive agreement, dated November 2, 2021, for approximately $1.9 million. DPI is a 46-year-old dental staffing company headquartered in Carrboro, North Carolina with long-standing client relationships in the dental industry. providing temporary, long-term contract, and direct-hire staffing services to dental practices across the U.S. As of September 30, 2022, all of the operations acquired from DPI remain company owned. We funded this acquisition with existing cash on hand and a draw on our existing line of credit with Truist.

The Temporary Alternatives Acquisition

On January 24, 2022 we completed our acquisition of certain assets of Temporary Alternatives in accordance with the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated  January 10, 2022 , including three locations in West Texas and New Mexico for approximately $7.0 million, inclusive of a prescribed amount of working capital. Temporary Alternatives is a staffing division of dmDickason Personnel Services, a family-owned company based in El Paso, TX. The acquisition of Temporary Alternatives will expand our national footprint into West Texas and grow our franchise base, and we immediately entered into a franchise agreement and sold the non-working capital assets acquired. We funded this acquisition with existing cash on hand and a draw on our existing line of credit with Truist.

The Dubin Acquisition

On February 21, 2022 we completed our acquisition of the staffing operations of The Dubin Group, Inc., and Dubin Workforce Solutions, Inc. (collectively “Dubin”) in accordance with the terms of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated January 19, 2022  for approximately $2.5 million, inclusive of a prescribed amount of working capital. Dubin provides executive placement services and commercial staffing in the Philadelphia metro area. The acquisition of Dubin will help expedite growth into a new staffing vertical, expand our national footprint, and grow our franchise base. We funded this acquisition with existing cash on hand, deferred purchase payments, and a draw on our existing line of credit with Truist. We divided Dubin into separate businesses and sold certain customer related assets of one of the acquired locations to a new franchisee. The remaining assets related to the operations of the other acquired locations have not been sold and as of September 30, 2022 are classified as available-for-sale. In the meantime, we operate the Philadelphia Snelling franchise as company-owned.

The Northbound Acquisition

On February 28, 2022 we completed our acquisition of certain assets of Northbound Executive Search, LTD (“Northbound”) in accordance with the terms of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated January 25, 2022, for approximately $11.4 million, inclusive of a $1.5 million note payable and a prescribed amount of working capital. Northbound provides executive placement and short-term consultant services primarily to blue chip clients in the financial services industry. The acquisition of Northbound will help expedite growth into a new staffing vertical, expand our national footprint, and grow our franchise base, and we immediately entered into a franchise agreement and sold the customer-related assets acquired. We funded this acquisition with existing cash on hand, seller financing of $1.5 million, and a draw on our existing line of credit with Truist.

Results of Operations

Financial Summary

The following table displays our consolidated statements of operations for the interim periods ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021. Percentages reflect the line item as a percentage of total revenue (in thousands, except percentages).

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measure: Adjusted EBITDA

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and non-cash compensation, or Adjusted EBITDA, is a non-GAAP measure that represents our net income before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, non-cash compensation, compliance costs related to the work opportunity tax credit (“WOTC”) and other charges we consider unusual and/or non-recurring. We utilize Adjusted EBITDA as a financial measure as management believes investors find it a useful tool to perform more meaningful comparisons and evaluations of past, present, and future operating results. We believe it is a complement to net income and other financial performance measures. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to represent or replace net income as defined by U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other measure of performance prescribed by U.S. GAAP. We use Adjusted EBITDA to measure our financial performance because we believe interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, non-cash compensation, WOTC-related costs and other non-recurring charges bear little or no relationship to our operating performance. By excluding interest expense, Adjusted EBITDA measures our financial performance irrespective of our capital structure or how we finance our operations. By excluding taxes on income, we believe Adjusted EBITDA provides a basis for measuring the financial performance of our operations excluding factors that are beyond our control. By excluding depreciation and amortization expense, Adjusted EBITDA measures the financial performance of our operations without regard to their historical cost. By excluding non-cash compensation, Adjusted EBITDA provides a basis for measuring the financial performance of our operations excluding the value of our restricted stock and stock option awards. By excluding WOTC related costs, Adjusted EBITDA provides a basis for measuring the financial performance of our operations excluding the costs associated with qualifying for this tax credit. In addition, by excluding certain non-recurring charges, Adjusted EBITDA provides a basis for measuring financial performance without such items. In addition, our Credit Agreement requires us to comply with a fixed charge coverage ratio and a leverage ratio, both of which include Adjusted EBITDA substantially as defined above. For all of these reasons, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides us, and investors, with information that is relevant and useful in evaluating our business.

However, because Adjusted EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization, it does not measure the capital we require to maintain or preserve our fixed and intangible assets. In addition, because Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest expense, it does not take into account the total amount of interest we pay on outstanding debt, nor does it show trends in interest costs due to changes in our financing or changes in interest rates. Adjusted EBITDA, as defined by us, may not be comparable to Adjusted EBITDA as reported by other companies that do not define Adjusted EBITDA exactly as we define the term. Because we use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our financial performance, we reconcile it to net income, which is the most comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP below (in thousands).

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

Gross Profit

Our total revenue consists of franchise royalties, staffing revenue with respect to our owned locations, and service revenue. Gross profit includes total revenue less the cost of staffing services at owned locations. Once a company-owned office is sold, disposed of, or otherwise classified as available-for-sale, it would not be reflected in gross profit and instead reported as “Income from discontinued operations, net of tax.”

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was approximately $8.2 million compared to $6.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of 19.7%. Gross profit as a percentage of system-wide sales was 6.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 versus 6.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in gross profit is consistent with the 21.0% increase in underlying system-wide-sales for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 compared to the prior year quarter. 

Franchise Royalties

Franchise royalties for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were approximately $7.4 million, an increase of 13.7% from $6.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Approximately $240 thousand of this increase in royalties was due to the Snelling, LINK, Northbound, Temporary Alternatives and Dubin acquisitions and approximately $653 thousand was due to organic growth. Our net effective royalty rate (as a percentage of external system-wide sales) was 6.2% for the three-month period ended September 30, 2022 compared to 6.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Our net effective royalty rate will generally fluctuate due to mix of business among the various royalty models we operate under, as well as incentives we offer during the year. A summary of franchise royalties for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

Service Revenue

Service revenue consists of interest we charge our franchisees on overdue customer accounts receivable and other miscellaneous fees for optional services we provide. Direct costs to provide certain services are reflected as a reduction in service revenue. As accounts receivable age over 42 days, our franchisees pay us interest on these accounts equal to 0.5% of the amount of the uncollected receivable each 14-day period. All accounts that age beyond 84 days are charged back to the franchisee and no longer incur interest, although some of our franchisees elect to charge back accounts that age over 42 days in order to avoid the interest charge. In addition to royalty fees, we also charge a license fee to some locations that utilize our intellectual property that are not franchisees. License fees are 9% of the gross margin for the location. We have no employees and provide no services at the licensed locations.

Service revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was approximately $429 thousand, an increase of $88 thousand from the three months ended September 30, 2021, when service revenue was approximately $341 thousand. This increase was largely due to the growth in the number of franchisee locations and corresponding service-related fees. Due to the timing of how we charge for certain services and the related costs to provide them, service revenue is expected to fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter. Included in service revenue is interest income of $252 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and $151 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in interest generally follows our overall balance in accounts receivable, although relatively few age over 42 days and result in service revenue for us. Many of our franchisees have elected to charge back accounts early in order to avoid or reduce the interest charge. Therefore, there will not be a proportionally large increase in service revenue even when there is a large increase in accounts receivable. We pride ourselves on maintaining quality, creditworthy customers who pay timely. We do not strive to increase interest on aged accounts receivable.

Staffing Revenue, Owned Locations

Following the December 2021 acquisition of Dental Power, we have a platform to build a customer base in the medical and dental-oriented sector of the staffing industry, which we expect will benefit our entire network by increasing revenue opportunities under the HireQuest Health brand. As of September 30, 2022, all of the operations acquired from DPI remain company-owned, but franchisees in 8 locations are operating under the HireQuest Health banner. Although we may franchise Dental Power operations in the future, we currently have no firm plans in place to do so. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, staffing revenue from owned locations was $1.5 million. We had no company owned locations during the three months ended September 30, 2021.  

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were approximately $2.4 million, a decrease of $649 thousand from the three months ended September 30, 2021 when SG&A expenses were $3.0 million. The decrease in SG&A was primarily driven by a $982 thousand decrease in net workers compensation expense. During the current year quarter we reduced our reserves based on recent claims resolution and experience. Most of the workers compensation benefit relates to the Snelling reserve assumed at the time of acquisition and will run off as claims are resolved. This decrease was offset by an increase in salaries and benefits, which increased $824 thousand as a result of additional headcount to keep pace with growth in system-wide sales as a result of the 2021 and 2022 acquisitions, plus organic growth. In addition, Compensation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2022 includes an accrual of approximately $393 thousand for performance bonuses. There was no such accrual in the three months ended September 30, 2021. Stock-based compensation decreased by $267 thousand. Compensation-related expenses remain by far the largest component of SG&A.

Other Income and Expense