Holley Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 July (Form 10-Q)

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") that are intended to enjoy the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the Securities Act and Exchange Act, as well as protections afforded by other federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements relate to expectations for future financial performance, business strategies or expectations for the Company’s business. Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “forecast,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “plan,” “scheduled,” “anticipate,” “intend” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Actual results could differ materially due to numerous factors, including but not limited to the Company’s ability to do any of the following:

Forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our management’s expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgements, risks and uncertainties, and actual results, developments and business decisions may differ materially from those envisaged by such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

HOLLEY INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

HOLLEY INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

HOLLEY INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

HOLLEY INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Holley Inc., a Delaware corporation headquartered in Bowling Green, Kentucky (the “Company” or “Holley”), conducts operations through its wholly owned subsidiaries. These operating subsidiaries are comprised of Holley Performance Products Inc. (“Holley Performance”), Hot Rod Brands, Inc. (“Hot Rod Brands”), Simpson Safety Solutions, Inc., B&M Racing and Performance Products, Inc., and Speedshop.com, Inc.

The Company consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 11, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Empower Ltd., (“Empower”), Empower Merger Sub I Inc., Empower Merger Sub II LLC, and Holley Intermediate Holdings, Inc. (“Holley Intermediate”) on July 16, 2021, (the “Closing” and such date, the “Closing Date”). The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in which Holley Intermediate was deemed the accounting acquirer with Holley Inc. as the successor registrant. As such, Empower was treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. On the Closing Date, Empower changed its name to Holley Inc. and its trading symbol on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) from “EMPW” to “HLLY.”

The Company designs, manufactures and distributes performance automotive products to customers primarily in the United States, Canada and Europe. The Company is a leading manufacturer of a diversified line of performance automotive products, including carburetors, fuel pumps, fuel injection systems, nitrous oxide injection systems, superchargers, exhaust headers, mufflers, distributors, ignition components, engine tuners and automotive performance plumbing products. The Company is also a leading manufacturer of exhaust products as well as shifters, converters, transmission kits, transmissions, tuners and automotive software. The Company’s products are designed to enhance street, off-road, recreational and competitive vehicle performance through increased horsepower, torque and drivability. The Company has locations in the United States, Canada, Italy and China.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company is an emerging growth company, and, as such, has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company's business and results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity are impacted by broad economic conditions including inflation, labor shortages, and disruption of the supply chain, as well as by geopolitical events, specifically the conflict in Ukraine. The Company's operations have been adversely impacted by inflationary pressures primarily related to transportation, labor and component costs. Sales growth in certain products has been constrained by continuing supply chain challenges and automotive electronic component shortages. In response to the global supply chain volatility and inflationary impacts, the Company has attempted to minimize potential adverse impacts on its business with cost savings initiatives, price increases to customers, and by increasing inventory levels of certain products and working closely with its suppliers and customers to minimize disruptions in delivering products to customers. Our profitability has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by constrained consumer demand, a shift in sales to lower-margin products, and demands on our performance that increase our costs. Should the ongoing macroeconomic conditions not improve, or worsen, or if the Company's attempt to mitigate the impact on its supply chain, operations and costs is not successful, the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP" or “GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023, in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K. In management’s opinion, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, that are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year.

The Company operates on a fiscal year that ends on  December 31, 2023 and 2022. The three- and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022 each included 13 weeks and 26 weeks, respectively.

Principles of Consolidation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The following are updates to the significant accounting policies described in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Equity-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for equity-based awards granted to employees and nonemployees under the fair value method prescribed by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Subtopic 718-10, Stock Compensation. Equity-based compensation cost is measured based on the estimated grant date fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. Restricted stock units are valued at the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of profit interest units ("PIUs") granted by Holley Parent Holdings, LLC (the "Holley Stockholder") is estimated based on the Company’s estimated equity value for each unit class at the time of granting using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, discounted to reflect market considerations for illiquidity.

Performance share units that vest based on the achievement of company-designated performance targets are valued at the stock price on the grant date. Compensation expense in respect of such performance share units is recognized each period based on the expected level of achievement and, to the extent that the expected levels of achievement change, compensation cost is adjusted in the period of change with the remaining unrecognized cost recognized over the remaining requisite service period. For performance share units that vest based on the achievement of predetermined market conditions, the Company estimates the grant date fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value associated with each tranche of the award is recognized, straight-line, over the associated requisite service period for that tranche, subject to acceleration if the market condition is met prior to the end of the derived service period.

Unless the awards contain a market condition, previously recognized expense related to forfeited awards is reversed in the period in which the forfeiture occurs. For awards containing a market condition, previously recognized stock-based compensation expense is not reversed when the awards are forfeited as long as the service is provided for the duration of the required service period.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. Derivative liabilities are classified on the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates on borrowings under its debt facility. These derivative instruments are primarily valued on the basis of quotes obtained from banks, brokers, and/or dealers. The valuation of the derivative instruments considers future expected interest rates on the notional principal balance remaining, which is comparable to what a prospective acquirer would pay on the measurement date. Valuation pricing models consider inputs such as forward rates, anticipated interest rate volatility relating to the reference rate, as well as time value, counterparty risk and other factors underlying derivative instruments. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. This ASU requires entities to apply the definition of a performance obligation under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) relating to contracts with customers that are acquired in a business combination. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2021-08, an acquirer generally recognized assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers, at fair value on the acquisition date. ASU No. 2021-08 results in the acquirer recording acquired contract assets and liabilities on the same basis that would have been recorded by the acquiree before the acquisition under ASC Topic 606. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2023. Adoption of ASU 2021-08 did not impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In 2022, the Company completed three acquisitions. These acquisitions are expected to enhance the Company's portfolio of products and services in the automotive aftermarket and automotive safety solutions market.

The Company accounts for acquisitions using the acquisition method, and accordingly, the purchase price has been allocated based upon the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is subject to revision. If additional information becomes available, the Company may further revise the purchase price allocation as soon as practical, but no later than one year from the acquisition date. Goodwill generated by the acquisitions is primarily attributable to the strong market position of the entities acquired.

Purchase price consideration for all acquisitions was paid primarily in cash. All acquisitions were for 100 percent of the acquired business and are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, net of acquired cash and cash equivalents. Acquisition-related costs, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other costs, are typically expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred and are recorded in acquisition and restructuring costs. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in the consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date.

In 2022, the Company acquired substantially all the assets of John's Ind., Inc. ("John's"), Southern Kentucky Classics ("SKC"), and Vesta Motorsports USA, Inc., doing business as RaceQuip ("RaceQuip"). These acquisitions were immaterial business combinations. Cash paid for the three acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $14,863, and was funded with borrowings from the Company's credit facility and cash on hand. The acquisitions resulted in both amortizable and nonamortizable intangibles and goodwill totaling $10,553. The goodwill and intangibles generated as a result of these acquisitions are deductible for income tax purposes. The final allocation of the purchase price allocation to specific assets acquired and liabilities assumed was adjusted to reflect the final fair value estimate of acquired assets and liabilities, as noted below. 

The allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was based on estimates of the fair value of the net assets as follows:

The fair value of the acquired customer relationship intangible asset was estimated using the excess earnings approach. The customer relationship intangible asset is being amortized based on the attrition rate of customers which was determined to be 20 years. The fair value of the acquired tradenames intangible asset was estimated using the relief from royalty method, a form of the income approach. The tradenames were determined to have an indefinite life.

Inventories of the Company consisted of the following:

Property, plant and equipment of the Company consisted of the following:

The Company’s long-lived assets by geographic locations are as follows:

The following presents changes to goodwill for the period indicated:

Goodwill represents the premium paid over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Company's business combinations. The measurement period for the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed ends as soon as information on the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date becomes available, not to exceed 12 months. Adjustments in purchase price allocations may require a change in the amounts allocated to goodwill during the periods in which the adjustments are determined. 

No impairment charges were incurred during the 13-week and 26-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022. Potential changes in our costs and operating structure, the implementation of synergies, and overall performance in the automotive aftermarket industry, could negatively impact our near-term cash-flow projections and could trigger a potential impairment of the Company's goodwill and / or indefinite-lived intangible assets. In addition, failure to execute the Company's strategic plans as well as increases in weighted average costs of capital could negatively impact the fair value of the reporting unit and increase the risk of future impairment charges. 

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

The following outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held as of July 2, 2023:

Accrued liabilities of the Company consisted of the following:

Debt of the Company consisted of the following:

On November 18, 2021, the Company entered into a credit facility with a syndicate of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders, letter of credit issuer and swing line lender (the "Credit Agreement"). The financing consisted of a seven-year $600,000 first lien term loan, a five-year $125,000 revolving credit facility, and a $100,000 delayed draw term loan. The proceeds of delayed draw loans made after closing were available to the Company to finance acquisitions. Upon the expiration of the delayed draw term loan in May 2022, the Company had drawn $57,000, which is included in the amount outstanding under the first lien term loan due November 17, 2028.

The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit facility in the amount of $10,000, pursuant to which letters of credit may be issued as long as revolving loans may be advanced and subject to availability under the revolving credit facility. The Company had $1,728 in outstanding letters of credit on July 2, 2023.

Proceeds from the credit facility were used to repay in full the Company’s obligations under its previously existing first lien and second lien notes and to pay $13,413 in deferred financing fees related to the refinancing.

The first lien term loan is to be repaid in quarterly payments of $1,643 through September 30, 2028 with the balance due upon maturity on November 17, 2028. The Company is required to make annual payments on the term loan in an amount equal to 50% of annual excess cash flow greater than $5,000, as defined in the Credit Agreement. This percentage requirement may decrease or be eliminated if certain leverage ratios are achieved. Based on the Company's results for 2022, no excess cash flow payment was required in 2023. Any such payments offset future mandatory quarterly payments. 

As of July 2, 2023, amounts outstanding under the credit facility accrue interest at a rate equal to either the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") or base rate, at the Company's election, plus a specified margin. In the case of revolving credit loans and letter of credit fees, the specified margin is based on the Company's Total Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Commitment fees payable under the revolving credit facility are based on the Company's Total Leverage Ratio. On July 2, 2023, the weighted average interest rate on the Company's borrowings under the credit facility was 9.2%.

The Company has entered into an interest rate collar in the notional amount of $500,000 to hedge the Company's exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on its variable-rate debt. Refer to Note 9, "Derivative Instruments," for additional information.

Obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. The Credit Agreement includes representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type, including, but not limited to, limitations on restricted payments, additional borrowings, additional investments, and asset sales.

In February 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement which, among other things, increases the consolidated net leverage ratio financial covenant level applicable under the Credit Agreement as of the quarter ending April 2, 2023 through the quarter ending March 31, 2024 (the “Covenant Relief Period”), to initially 7.25:1.00, and provides for modified step-down levels for such covenant thereafter. As an ongoing condition to the Covenant Relief Period, the Company also agreed to (i) a minimum liquidity test, (ii) an interest coverage test, (iii) an anti-cash hoarding test at any time revolving loans are outstanding, and (iv) additional reporting obligations. Under the amended Credit Agreement, the revolving credit facility contains a minimum liquidity financial covenant of $45,000, which includes unrestricted cash and any available borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. In April 2023, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement in which the interest rate on any outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement was changed from LIBOR to SOFR. In May 2023, the Company entered into a third amendment to the Credit Agreement in which certain defined terms were clarified. The Company incurred $1,427 of deferred financing fees related to these amendments. On July 2, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants. 

Some of the lenders that are parties to the Credit Agreement, and their respective affiliates, have various relationships with the Company in the ordinary course of business involving the provision of financial services, including cash management, commercial banking, investment banking or other services.

Future maturities of long-term debt and amortization of debt issuance costs as of July 2, 2023 are as follows:

Upon the Closing, there were 14,666,644 Warrants, consisting of 9,999,977 public warrants ("Public Warrants") and 4,666,667 private warrants ("Private Warrants"), outstanding to purchase shares of Common Stock that were issued by Empower prior to the Business Combination. Each warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustments, provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available and such shares are registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder. The Warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares of Common Stock. The Warrants expire on July 16, 2026, the date that is five years after the Closing date, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. Additionally, the Private Warrants will be non-redeemable and are exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by Empower Sponsor Holdings, LLC (the "Sponsor") or any of its permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

The Company may redeem the Public Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon 30 days' notice if the closing price of Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share, subject to adjustments, on the trading day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given, provided there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus in effect with respect to the ordinary shares underlying such Warrants throughout the 30-day redemption period. If the foregoing conditions are satisfied and the Company issues a notice of redemption of the Warrants, the Warrant holder is entitled to exercise his, her or its Warrant prior to the scheduled redemption date. Any such exercise requires the Warrant holder to pay the exercise price for each Warrant being exercised. Further, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants at a price of $0.10 per warrant upon 30 days' notice if the closing price of Common Stock equals or exceeds $10.00 per share, subject to adjustments, on the trading day prior to the date on which notice of redemption is given. Beginning on the date the notice of redemption is given until the Warrants are redeemed or exercised, holders may elect to exercise their Warrants on a cashless basis and receive that number of shares of Common Stock as determined by reference to a table in the warrant agreement.

During any period when the Company has failed to maintain an effective registration statement, warrant holders may exercise Warrants on a cashless basis in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption, and the Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue-sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

The Company’s Warrants are accounted for as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented as a warrant liability on the balance sheet. The warrant liability was measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value recognized as non-operating expense. As of July 2, 2023 and  December 31, 2022, a warrant liability with a fair value of $7,725 and $4,272, respectively, was reflected as a long-term liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. An increase of $2,017 and a decrease of $23,168 in the fair value of the warrant liability was reflected as change in fair value of warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the 13-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022, respectively. An increase of $3,452 and a decrease of $20,941 in the fair value of the warrant liability was reflected as change in fair value of warrant liability in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the 26-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022, respectively. In April 2022, the Company issued 33,333 shares of Common Stock in connection with the exercise of Public Warrants assumed in the Business Combination.

Additionally, the Sponsor received 2,187,500 shares of Common Stock upon the Closing, which vest in two equal tranches upon achievement of certain market share price milestones during the earn-out period, as outlined in the Merger Agreement (“the “Earn-Out Shares”). The first tranche of Earn-Out Shares vested during the first quarter of 2022. Upon vesting, the first tranche of 1,093,750 Earn-Out Shares were issued and a liability of $14,689, representing the fair value of the shares on the date of vesting, was reclassified from liabilities to equity. The remaining tranche of Earn-Out Shares will be forfeited if the applicable conditions are not satisfied before July 16, 2028 (seven years after the Closing Date). The unvested Earn-Out Shares are presented as an earn-out liability on the balance sheet and are remeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized as non-operating expense. As of July 2, 2023 and  December 31, 2022, an earn-out liability with a fair value of $2,565 and $1,176, respectively, was reflected as a long-term liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. An increase of $961 and a decrease of $4,234 in the fair value of the earn-out liability was reflected as change in fair value of earn-out liability in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the 13-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022, respectively. An increase of $1,389 and a decrease of $1,853 in the fair value of the earn-out liability was reflected as change in fair value of earn-out liability in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the 26-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022, respectively. 

The Company from time to time enters into derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate collar agreements (“Collars”), to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on the Company’s variable rate debt. On January 4, 2023, the Company entered into a Collar with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. ("Wells Fargo") with a notional amount of $500,000 that expires on February 18, 2026. The Collar has a floor of 2.811% and a cap of 5% (based on three-month SOFR). The structure of this Collar is such that the Company receives an incremental amount if the Collar index exceeds the cap rate. Conversely, the Company pays an incremental amount to Wells Fargo if the Collar index falls below the floor rate. No payments are required if the Collar index falls between the cap and floor rates. 

As of July 2, 2023, the Company recognized a derivative asset of $2,068 for the Collar in other noncurrent assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For the 13-week and 26-week periods ended July 2, 2023, the Company recorded a net change in the fair value of the Collar as a decrease to interest expense of $5,088 and $2,068, respectively. No cash payments were made or received during the 13-week and 26-week periods ended July 2, 2023, as the applicable rate was between the cap and floor rates as of the settlement dates.

The fair value of the Collar is determined using observable market-based inputs and the impact of credit risk on the derivative’s fair value (the creditworthiness of the Company’s counterparty for assets and the creditworthiness of the Company for liabilities) (a Level 2 measurement, as described in Note 10, "Fair Value Measurements").

The Company’s financial liabilities subject to fair value measurement on a recurring basis and the level of inputs used for such measurements were as follows:

As of July 2, 2023, the Company's derivative liabilities for its Private and Public Warrants, earn-out liability, and derivative asset for its Collar are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (see Note 8, “Common Stock Warrants and Earn-Out Liability,” and Note 9, "Derivative Instruments," for more details). The fair values of the private warrants and earn-out liability are determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market (Level 3). The valuation of the Level 3 liabilities uses assumptions and estimates the Company believes would be made by a market participant in making the same valuation. The Company assesses these assumptions and estimates on an on-going basis as additional data impacting the assumptions and estimates are obtained. The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of its Private Warrants and earn-out liability. The fair value of the Collar, which is included in other noncurrent assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, is determined based on models that reflect the contractual terms of the derivative, yield curves, and the credit quality of the counterparties. Inputs are generally observable and do not contain a high level of subjectivity (Level 2). The fair value of the Public Warrants is determined using publicly traded prices (Level 1). Changes in the fair value of the derivative liabilities related to Warrants and the earn-out liability are recognized as non-operating expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Changes in the fair value of the Collar is recognized as an adjustment to interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The fair value of Private Warrants was estimated as of the measurement date using the Monte Carlo simulation model with the following assumptions:

The fair value of the earn-out liability was estimated as of the measurement date using the Monte Carlo simulation model with the following assumptions:

As of July 2, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses for which the carrying value approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates fair value as the rates used approximate the market rates currently available to the Company. Fair value measurements used in the impairment reviews of goodwill and intangible assets are Level 3 measurements.

The reconciliation of changes in Level 3 liabilities during the 26-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022 is as follows:

The principal activity from which the Company generates its revenue is the manufacturing and distribution of after-market automotive parts for its customers, comprised of resellers and end users. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time, rather than over time, as the performance obligation is satisfied when customer obtains control of the product upon title transfer and not as the product is manufactured or developed. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the purchase order price and adjusted for revenue allocated to variable consideration (i.e., estimated rebates, co-op advertising, etc.).

The Company collects sales tax and other taxes concurrent with revenue-producing activities which are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs incurred after control of the product is transferred to our customers are treated as fulfillment costs and not a separate performance obligation.

The Company allows customers to return products when certain Company-established criteria are met. These sales returns are recorded as a charge against gross sales in the period in which the related sales are recognized, net of returns to stock. Returned products, which are recorded as inventories, are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The physical condition and marketability of the returned products are the major factors considered in estimating realizable value. The Company also estimates expected sales returns and records the necessary adjustment as a charge against gross sales.

The Company’s payment terms with customers are customary and vary by customer and geography but typically range from 30 to 365 days. The Company elected the practical expedient to disregard the possible existence of a significant financing component related to payment on contracts, as the Company expects that customers will pay for the products within one year. The Company has evaluated the terms of our arrangements and determined that they do not contain significant financing components. Additionally, as all contracts with customers have an expected duration of one year or less, the Company has elected the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of information regarding the aggregate amount and future timing of performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied as of the end of the reporting period. The Company provides limited warranties on most of its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranty are made at the time products are sold. Refer to Note 18, “Commitments and Contingencies” for more information.

The following table summarizes total revenue by product category.

The following table summarizes total revenue based on geographic location from which the product is shipped:

The Company's effective income tax rate is based on expected income, statutory rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. For interim financial reporting, the Company estimates the annual income tax rate based on projected taxable income for the full year and records a quarterly income tax provision or benefit in accordance with the anticipated annual rate. The Company refines the estimates of the year's taxable income as new information becomes available, including actual year-to-date financial results. This continual estimation process often results in a change to the expected effective income tax rate for the year. When this occurs, the Company adjusts the income tax provision during the quarter in which the change in estimate occurs so that the year-to-date provision reflects the expected income tax rate. Significant judgment is required in determining the effective tax rate and in evaluating tax positions.

For the 13-week period ended July 2, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate of 24.0% differed from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due to permanent differences related to changes in fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities recognized during the period. For the 13-week period ended July 3, 2022, the Company’s effective tax rate of 6.9% differed from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due to permanent differences related to changes in the fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities recognized during the period. 

For the 26-week period ended July 2, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate of 24.7% differed from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due to permanent differences related to changes in fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities recognized during the period. For the 26-week period ended July 3, 2022, the Company’s effective tax rate of 15.1% differed from the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due a permanent difference related to changes in the fair value of the warrant and earn-out liabilities recognized during the period.

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

The following outstanding shares of Common Stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock having an exercise price greater than the average share market price are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. 

On January 28, 2022, the Company approved the termination of its defined benefit pension plan (the "Plan"), effective March 31, 2022. The final distribution of the Plan's assets pursuant to the termination was made in the fourth quarter of 2022 when the plan termination satisfied all regulatory requirements. Plan participants received their accrued benefits from plan assets by electing either lump sum distributions or annuity contracts with a qualifying third-party annuity provider.

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit cost for the 13-week and 26-week periods ended July 3, 2022:

The Company's contributions to the Plan were $150 for the 26-week period ended July 3, 2022. 

The Company made matching contributions totaling $565 and $1,156 to its 401(k) plan during the 13-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022, respectively. The Company made matching contributions totaling $1,140 and $1,844 to its 401(k) plan during the 26-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022, respectively.

In 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), under which awards, including stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance stock units ("PSUs") may be granted to employees and non-employee directors. The 2021 Plan authorized 8,850,000 shares of Common Stock to be available for award grants. As of July 2, 2023, 4,422,936 shares of Common Stock remained available for future issuance under the 2021 Plan. On June 6, 2023, the Company granted 1,000,000 RSUs and 1,520,000 PSUs to its new President and Chief Executive Officer. These awards were granted outside of the 2021 Plan as employment inducement awards and did not require shareholder approval under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise. 

Equity-based compensation expense included the following components:

All equity-based compensation expenses are recorded in selling, general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Restricted Stock Units

The Compensation Committee has awarded RSUs to select employees and non-employee directors. The RSUs vest ratably over one to four years of continued employment. The fair value of a RSU at the grant date is equal to the market price of Common Stock on the grant date. Compensation expense for RSUs is recorded based on amortization of the grant date fair market value over the period the restrictions lapse. As of July 2, 2023, there was $8,849 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 2.5 years. The weighted average grant date fair value for RSUs was $2.75 and $11.46 for the 26-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022, respectively. The fair value of RSUs vested and converted to shares of Common Stock was $303 for the 26-week period ended July 2, 2023.

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the 26-week period ended July 2, 2023:

Performance Stock Units

The Compensation Committee has awarded PSUs to select employees. The PSUs represent shares of Common Stock that are potentially issuable in the future based on a combination of performance and service requirements. On March 8, 2023, the Company granted 949,412 PSUs under the 2021 Plan to key employees with a grant date fair value of $1.98. The PSUs granted to employees were based on salary and include annual net sales and adjusted EBITDA growth targets with threshold and stretch goals. The awards vest ratably over three years, subject to the employee’s continuous employment through the vesting date and the level of performance achieved. The number of PSUs granted reflects the target number able to be earned under a given award. Non-vested PSU compensation expense is based on the most recent performance assumption available and is adjusted as assumptions change. The fair value of a PSU at the grant date is equal to the market price of Common Stock on the grant date. The cost estimates for PSU grants represent initial target awards until the Company can reasonably forecast the financial performance of each PSU award grant. The actual number of shares of Common Stock to be issued at the end of each performance period will range from 0% to 150% of the initial target awards.

On June 6, 2023, the Company granted 1,520,000 PSUs to its new President and Chief Executive Officer as an employment inducement award, which are potentially issuable in the future based on a combination of achievement of certain stock price metrics and service requirements through the expiration date of December 31, 2030. The fair value of this award is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation as of the date of the grant and share-based compensation expense will not be adjusted should the target awards vary from actual awards. The Company's estimates of fair value may be impacted by certain variables including, but not limited to, stock price volatility, the risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yields, and the Company's performance.

As of July 2, 2023, there was $4,397 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PSUs that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 2.35 years.

Stock Options

Stock option grants have an exercise price at least equal to the market value of the underlying Common Stock on the date of grant, have ten-year terms, and vest ratably over three years of continued employment. In general, vested options expire if not exercised within 90 days of termination of service. Compensation expense for stock options is recorded based on straight-line amortization of the grant date fair value over the requisite service period. As of July 2, 2023, there was $1,611 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.3 years.

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the 26-week period ended July 2, 2023:

Profit Interest Units

The Holley Stockholder authorized an incentive pool of 41,400,000 units of Holley Stockholder that its management had the right to grant to certain employees of the Company. The units, which are designated as Profit Interest Units (“PIUs”), are a special type of limited liability company equity unit that allows the recipient to potentially participate in a future increase in the value of the Company. The PIUs were issued for no consideration and generally provided for vesting over a requisite service period, subject to the recipient remaining an employee of the Company through each vesting date.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Holley Stockholder amended the vesting criteria to allow for immediate vesting of all outstanding and unvested PIUs. The changes to these awards were deemed to be modification events under ASC Subtopic 718-10, Stock Compensation. Accordingly, during the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recognized catch-up equity-based compensation expense, including incremental fair value resulting from the modification, as applicable to each award grant. At that time all PIUs were fully vested with no remaining unrecognized compensation cost, and there are no remaining PIUs authorized for issuance.

On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases, using the modified retrospective optional transition method provided by ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842). The effect of applying this guidance resulted in an increase in noncurrent assets for right-of-use assets of $33,887 and an increase in liabilities for associated lease obligations of $34,579, most of which were classified as noncurrent. The adoption of the standard did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.

Under the transition option elected by the Company, ASC Topic 842 is applied only to the most current period and reporting for comparative periods presented in the financial statements continues to be in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Leases, including disclosures. Upon adoption, the Company elected the following practical expedients related to ASC 842:

The Company leases retail stores, manufacturing, distribution, engineering, and research and development facilities, office space, equipment, and automobiles under operating lease agreements. Leases have remaining lease terms of one to 11 years, inclusive of renewal options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.

The following table summarizes operating lease assets and obligations, and provides information associated with the measurement of operating lease obligations.

The following summarizes the components of operating lease expense and provides supplemental cash flow information for operating leases:

The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities as of July 2, 2023:

The following table summarizes the Company's total acquisition, restructuring and management fee costs:

The Company is a party to various lawsuits and claims in the normal course of business. While the lawsuits and claims against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the ultimate resolution of such matters will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company; however, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in such lawsuits and claims, some of which may be beyond the Company’s control, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to the Company’s results of operations or cash flows for any particular reporting period.

The Company generally warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. These product warranties are provided for specific periods of time depending on the nature of the product. The accrued product warranty costs are based primarily on historical experience of actual warranty claims and are recorded at the time of the sale.

The following table provides the changes in the Company's accrual for product warranties, which is classified as a component of accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Holley,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “the Company” in this section are to the business and operations of Holley Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise indicates. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Holley’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause Holley’s actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed herein and under the caption, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We are a leading designer, marketer, and manufacturer of high performance automotive aftermarket products serving car and truck enthusiasts, with sales, processing, and distribution facilities reaching most major markets in the United States, Canada, Europe and China. We design, market, manufacture and distribute a diversified line of performance automotive products including fuel injection systems, tuners, exhaust products, carburetors, safety equipment and various other performance automotive products. Our products are designed to enhance street, off-road, recreational and competitive vehicle performance and safety. 

Innovation is at the core of our business and growth strategy. We have a history of developing innovative products, including new products in existing product families, product line expansions, and accessories, as well as products that bring us into new categories. We have thoughtfully expanded our product portfolio over time to adapt to consumer needs.

In addition, we have historically used strategic acquisitions to (i) expand our brand portfolio, (ii) enter new product categories and consumer segments, (iii) increase direct-to-consumer (“DTC”) scale and connection, (iv) expand share in current product categories and (v) realize value-enhancing revenue and cost synergies. While we believe our business is positioned for continued organic growth, we intend to continue evaluating opportunities for strategic acquisitions that would complement our current business and expand our addressable target market.

Factors Affecting our Performance

We believe that our performance and future success depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below, under the caption, "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, under the caption, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023, and in our subsequent filings with the SEC.

Business Environment

Our business and results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity are impacted by broad economic conditions including inflation, labor shortages, and disruption of the supply chain, as well as by geopolitical events, such as the conflict in Ukraine. Our operations have been adversely impacted by inflationary pressures primarily related to transportation, labor and component costs. Sales growth in certain products has been constrained by continuing supply chain challenges and automotive electronic component shortages. In response to the global supply chain volatility and inflationary impacts, we have attempted to minimize potential adverse impacts on our business with cost savings initiatives, price increases to customers, and by increasing inventory levels of certain products and working closely with our suppliers and customers to minimize disruptions in delivering products to customers. Our profitability has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by constrained consumer demand, a shift in sales mix to lower-margin products, and demands on our performance that increased our costs. Should the ongoing macroeconomic conditions not improve, or worsen, or if our attempts to mitigate the impact on our supply chain, operations and costs is not successful, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Key Components of Results of Operations

Net Sales

The principal activity from which we generate sales is the designing, marketing, manufacturing and distribution of performance after-market automotive parts for our end consumers. Sales are displayed net of rebates and sales returns allowances. Sales returns are recorded as a charge against gross sales in the period in which the related sales are recognized.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the cost of purchased parts and manufactured products, including materials and direct labor costs. In addition, warranty, incoming shipping and handling and inspection and repair costs are also included within costs of goods sold. Reductions in the cost of inventory to its net realizable value are also a component of cost of goods sold.

Selling, General, and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative costs consist of payroll and related personnel expenses, IT and office services, office rent expense and professional services. In addition, self-insurance, advertising, research and development, outgoing shipping costs, pre-production and start-up costs are also included within selling, general, and administrative. 

Acquisition and Restructuring Costs

Acquisition and restructuring costs consist of professional fees for legal, accounting, consulting, administrative, and other professional services directly attributable to potential acquisitions. In addition, operational restructuring costs and executive severance are included within this classification.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of interest due on the indebtedness under our credit facilities. Interest is based on SOFR or the base rate, at the Company's election, plus the applicable margin rate. As of July 2, 2023, $645.6 million was outstanding under our Credit Agreement.

Results of Operations

13-Week Period Ended July 2, 2023 Compared With 13-Week Period Ended July 3, 2022

The table below presents Holley’s results of operations for the 13-week periods ended July 2, 2023 and July 3, 2022 (dollars in thousands):