HomeStreet, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________________

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2019

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number: 001-35424

________________________________

HOMESTREET, INC.

(a Washington Corporation )

91-0186600

________________________________

601 Union Street, Suite 2000

Seattle, Washington 98101

(Address of principal executive offices)

Telephone Number - Area Code (206) 623-3050

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	HMST	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:



Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☒

Non-accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐

Emerging growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.			☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐

No ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's common stock as of November 4, 2019 was 24,410,586.6.



PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited) at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018		4
Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018		5
Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018		6
Interim Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018		7
Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018		8
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies		10
Note 2 – Discontinued Operations		12
Note 3 – Investment Securities		14
Note 4 – Loans and Credit Quality		19
Note 5 – Deposits		37
Note 6 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities		37
Note 7 – Mortgage Banking Operations		41
Note 8 – Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies		46
Note 9 – Fair Value Measurement		47
Note 10 – Earnings Per Share		56
Note 11 – Leases		57
Note 12 - Business Combinations		59
Note 13 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		59
Note 14 - Revenue		59
Note 15 - Restructuring		61
Note 16 - Subsequent Events		61
ITEM 2	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements		62
Summary Financial Data		63
Management’s Overview of Financial Performance		66
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates		69
Results of Operations		70
Review of Financial Condition		76
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements		80
Enterprise Risk Management		80



Credit Risk Management		80
Liquidity and Capital Resources		86
Accounting Developments		90

ITEM 3	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	91
ITEM 4	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	94
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	94
ITEM 1A	RISK FACTORS	95
ITEM 2	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	111
ITEM 3	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	112
ITEM 4	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	112
ITEM 5	OTHER INFORMATION	112
ITEM 6	EXHIBITS	113
SIGNATURES		114

Unless we state otherwise or the content otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-Q to "HomeStreet," "we," "our," "us" or the "Company" refer collectively to HomeStreet, Inc., a Washington corporation, HomeStreet Bank ("Bank"), HomeStreet Capital Corporation ("HomeStreet Capital") and other direct and indirect subsidiaries of HomeStreet, Inc.

PART I



ITEM 1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(Unaudited)



(in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018

ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents (includes interest-earning instruments of $48,559 and $28,534)	$	74,788	$	57,982
Investment securities (includes $862,339 and $851,968 carried at fair value)	866,736		923,253
Loans held for sale (includes $87,717 and $52,186 carried at fair value)	172,958		77,324
Loans held for investment (net of allowance for loan losses of $43,437 and $41,470; includes $5,295 and $4,057 carried at fair value)	5,139,108		5,075,371
Mortgage servicing rights (includes $61,823 and $75,047 carried at fair value)	90,624		103,374
Other real estate owned	1,753		455
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost	8,764		45,497
Premises and equipment, net	78,925		88,112
Lease right-of-use assets	101,843		—
Goodwill	30,170		22,564
Other assets	187,298		171,255
Assets of discontinued operations	82,911		477,034
Total assets	$	6,835,878	$	7,042,221
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	5,804,307	$	4,888,558
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	5,590		932,590
Accounts payable and other liabilities	84,095		169,970
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—		19,000
Long-term debt	125,603		125,462
Lease liabilities	120,072		—
Liabilities of discontinued operations	5,075		167,121
Total liabilities	6,144,742		6,302,701
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, no par value, authorized 10,000 shares, issued and outstanding, 0 shares and 0 shares	—		—
Common stock, no par value, authorized 160,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding, 24,408,513 shares and 26,995,348 shares	511		511
Additional paid-in capital	309,649		342,439
Retained earnings	372,981		412,009
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	7,995		(15,439		)
Total shareholders' equity	691,136		739,520
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	6,835,878	$	7,042,221

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share data)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Interest income:
Loans	$	64,803		$	58,624		$	194,749		$	166,280
Investment securities	4,879			5,580			15,327			16,666
Other	395			76			763			263
	70,077			64,280			210,839			183,209
Interest expense:
Deposits	20,502			11,286			51,754			28,636
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	501			3,277			8,778			8,286
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	39			83			806			139
Long-term debt	1,698			1,695			5,167			4,941
Other	203			79			456			154
	22,943			16,420			66,961			42,156
Net interest income	47,134			47,860			143,878			141,053
Provision for credit losses	—			750			1,500			2,500
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	47,134			47,110			142,378			138,553
Noninterest income:
Net gain on loan origination and sale activities	15,951			4,193			30,736			8,350
Loan servicing income	2,687			954			5,906			2,799
Depositor and other retail banking fees	2,079			2,031			5,848			5,915
Insurance agency commissions	603			588			1,801			1,658
(Loss) gain on sale of investment securities available for sale, net	(18		)	(4		)	(128		)	234
Other	3,278			2,888			8,338			7,195
	24,580			10,650			52,501			26,151
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and related costs	32,793			25,183			92,311			79,393
General and administrative	9,539			8,591			25,565			25,658
Amortization of core deposit intangibles	429			406			1,223			1,219
Legal	594			873			2,214			2,393
Consulting	866			426			3,161			1,723
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (recoveries) assessments	(694		)	880			960			2,739
Occupancy	4,856			4,548			15,650			13,531
Information services	7,325			7,005			21,361			20,782
Net benefit (cost) from operation and sale of other real estate owned	13			2			(46		)	(89		)
	55,721			47,914			162,399			147,349
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	15,993			9,846			32,480			17,355
Income tax expense from continuing operations	2,328			1,757			4,865			3,341
Income from continuing operations	13,665			8,089			27,615			14,014
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes (includes net gain on disposal of $1,260 and net loss on disposal of $21,760 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019)	190			4,561			(24,928		)	13,651
Income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations	28			815			(3,837		)	2,865
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	162			3,746			(21,091		)	10,786
NET INCOME	$	13,827		$	11,835		$	6,524		$	24,800
Basic earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.55		$	0.30		$	1.04		$	0.52
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	0.01			0.14			(0.81		)	0.40
Basic earnings per share	$	0.55		$	0.44		$	0.23		$	0.92

Diluted earnings per common share
Income from continuing operations	$	0.54		$	0.30		$	1.03		$	0.52
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	0.01			0.14			(0.80		)	0.40
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.55		$	0.44		$	0.22		$	0.91
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding	24,419,793			26,985,425			26,020,172			26,963,260
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding	24,625,938			27,181,688			26,204,414			27,165,672

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018			2019		2018

Net income	$	13,827	$	11,835		$	6,524	$	24,800
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising during the period, net of tax expense (benefit) of $1,402 and $(1,169) for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $6,607 and $(4,469) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively	5,273		(4,399		)	25,412		(16,811		)
Reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) included in net income, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(4) and zero for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $(27) and $49 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively	15		4			102		(184		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	5,288		(4,395		)	25,514		(16,995		)
Comprehensive income	$	19,115	$	7,440		$	32,038	$	7,805

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)



(in thousands, except share data)	Number of shares		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Total temporary equity			Total permanent equity

For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Balance, July 1, 2019	26,085,164		$	511	$	308,705		$	359,252		$	2,707		$	52,735		$	671,175
Net income	—		—		—			13,827			—			—			13,827
Common stock issued	15,750		—		95			—			—			—			95
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		849			(98		)	—			—			751
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—			—			5,288			—			5,288
Common stock repurchased and retired	(1,692,401	)	—		—			—			—			(52,735		)	—
Reclassification from temporary equity	—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Balance, September 30, 2019	24,408,513		$	511	$	309,649		$	372,981		$	7,995		$	—		$	691,136

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
Balance, January 1, 2019	26,995,348		$	511	$	342,439		$	412,009		$	(15,439	)	$	—		$	739,520
Net income	—		—		—			6,524			—						6,524
Common stock issued	69,166		—		176			—			—						176
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		1,109			(98		)	—						1,011
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standards	—		—		—			1,532			(2,080		)				(548		)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—			—			25,514						25,514
Common stock repurchased and retired	(2,656,001	)	—		(12,199		)	(16,127		)	—			(52,735		)	(28,326		)
Reclassification to temporary equity	—		—		(21,876		)	(30,859		)	—			52,735			(52,735		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	24,408,513		$	511	$	309,649		$	372,981		$	7,995		$	—		$	691,136

For the three months ended September 30, 2018
Balance at July 1, 2018	26,978,229		$	511	$	340,723		$	384,947		$	(19,722	)				$	706,459
Net income	—		—		—			11,835			—			—			11,835
Common stock issued	11,513		—		107			—			—			—			107
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		776			—			—			—			776
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—			—			(4,395		)	—			(4,395		)
Balance, September 30, 2018	26,989,742		$	511	$	341,606		$	396,782		$	(24,117	)	$	—		$	714,782

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
January 1, 2018	26,888,288		$	511	$	339,009		$	371,982		$	(7,122	)	$	—		$	704,380
Net income	—		—		—			24,800			—			—			24,800
Common stock issued	101,454		—		361			—			—			—			361
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		2,236			—			—			—			2,236
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—			—			(16,995		)	—			(16,995		)
Balance, September 30, 2018	26,989,742		$	511	$	341,606		$	396,782		$	(24,117	)	$	—		$	714,782

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

HOMESTREET, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	6,524		$	24,800
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	29,834			18,671
Provision for credit losses	1,500			2,500
Net fair value adjustment and gain on sale of loans held for sale	(72,287		)	(71,098		)
Gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights, gross	(6,206		)	—
Loss on sale of HLC mortgage origination assets, net	573			—
Fair value adjustment of loans held for investment	(193		)	35
Origination of mortgage servicing rights	(27,823		)	(50,551		)
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	37,293			(28,243		)
Net loss (gain) on sale of investment securities	128			(234		)
Net gain on sale of loans originated as held for investment	(6,405		)	(169		)
Net fair value adjustment, gain on sale and provision for losses on other real estate owned	(110		)	(92		)
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	128			303
Loss on lease abandonment and exit costs	15,816			6,073
Change in deferred income taxes	(40,409		)	4,372
Share-based compensation expense	1,187			2,528
Origination of loans held for sale	(3,232,664		)	(4,850,098		)
Proceeds from sale of loans originated as held for sale	3,496,809			5,175,266
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease in accounts receivable and other assets	3,797			4,986
Decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities	(25,217		)	(10,250		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	182,275			228,799

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of investment securities	(146,780		)	(147,134		)
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	144,602			38,465
Principal repayments and maturities of investment securities	84,890			82,432
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	744			460
Proceeds from sale of loans originated as held for investment	528,745			319,004
Proceeds from sale of mortgage servicing rights	2,958			65,318
Net cash provided by disposal of discontinued operations	174,333			—
Origination of loans held for investment and principal repayments, net	(593,292		)	(887,449		)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	—			467
Purchase of property and equipment	(1,196		)	(7,056		)
Net cash used for acquisitions	(47,390		)	—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	147,614			(535,493		)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Increase in deposits, net	678,016			393,916
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances	5,798,300			9,077,500
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(6,725,300		)	(9,240,000		)
Proceeds from federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	7,750,703			1,733,700
Repayment of federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(7,769,703		)	(1,678,700		)
Proceeds from line of credit draws	20,000			30,000
Repayment of line of credit draws	(20,000		)	(30,000		)
Repayment of lease principal	(1,375		)	—
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank stock repurchase	138,099			151,771
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	(101,366		)	(145,864		)
Stock repurchased	(81,061		)	—
Proceeds from stock issuance, net	—			69
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(313,687		)	292,392
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	16,202			(14,302		)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	58,586			73,909
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	74,788			59,607
Less: restricted cash included in other assets	—			(601		)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	74,788		$	59,006
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest paid	$	70,738		$	47,007
Federal and state income taxes paid, net	17,600			193
Non-cash activities:
Loans held for investment foreclosed and transferred to other real estate owned	915			455
Loans transferred from held for investment to held for sale	617,778			423,504
Loans transferred from held for sale to held for investment	6,488			57,061
Ginnie Mae loans (derecognized) recognized with the right to repurchase, net	(26,418		)	415
Receivable from sale of mortgage servicing rights	6,945			3,414
Acquisition:
Assets acquired	114,725			—
Liabilities assumed	74,941			—
Goodwill	7,606			—

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

HomeStreet, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1–SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

HomeStreet, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (the "Company") is a diversified financial services company serving customers primarily on the West Coast of the United States, including Hawaii. The Company is principally engaged in commercial banking, mortgage banking, and consumer/retail banking activities. The Company's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HomeStreet, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, HomeStreet Capital Corporation, HomeStreet Statutory Trusts and HomeStreet Bank (the "Bank"), and the Bank's subsidiaries, HomeStreet/WMS, Inc., HomeStreet Reinsurance, Ltd., Continental Escrow Company, HomeStreet Foundation, HS Properties, Inc., HS Evergreen Corporate Center LLC, Union Street Holdings LLC, HS Cascadia Holdings LLC and YNB Real Estate LLC. HomeStreet Bank was formed in 1986 and is a state-chartered commercial bank.

The Company's accounting and financial reporting policies conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting periods and related disclosures. Some of these estimates require application of management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and result in amounts that are inherently uncertain and may change in future periods. Management has made significant estimates in several areas, including the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations (Note 12, Business Combinations), allowance for credit losses (Note 4, Loans and Credit Quality), valuation of residential mortgage servicing rights and loans held for sale (Note 7, Mortgage Banking Operations), valuation of investment securities (Note 3, Investment Securities), and valuation of derivatives (Note 6, Derivatives and Hedging Activities). We have reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications are immaterial and have no effect on net income, comprehensive income, cash flows, total assets or total shareholders' equity as previously reported.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") adopted a Resolution of Exit or Disposal of Home Loan Center ("HLC") Based Mortgage Banking Operations to sell or abandon the assets and transfer or terminate the personnel associated with the Company's high-volume home loan center-based mortgage origination business. The Company also successfully closed and settled two separate sales of the rights to service $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balance of single family mortgage loans serviced for others, representing in the aggregate 71% of HomeStreet's total single family mortgage loans serviced for others portfolio at December 31, 2018. These two actions largely represent the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20, the Company determined that the Board's decision to sell or abandon the assets and personnel associated with the Company's HLC-based mortgage business and the related mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") sales met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations and its operating results and financial condition are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements for the current and all comparative periods which have been recast to conform to the new presentation (see Note 2, Discontinued Operations for additional information). Unless otherwise indicated, information included in these notes to the consolidated financial statements (unaudited) are presented on a consolidated operations basis, which includes results from both continuing and discontinued operations, for all periods presented.

In connection with the mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") sales and Board resolution regarding the former Mortgage Banking segment, the Company reassessed its reportable operating segments given these changes and associated changes made to its Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) package as of March 31, 2019. The Company concluded that as of March 31, 2019 the CODM evaluates the Company’s performance on a consolidated, entity-wide basis and accordingly has resulted in the elimination of segment reporting. The Company will no longer disclose operating results below the consolidated entity level which is now the reportable segment.

These unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results of the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results of operations in the interim financial statements do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for the full year. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K").

Share Repurchase Program

On March 28, 2019, the Board authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Company could purchase up to $75 million of its issued and outstanding common stock, no par value, at prevailing market rates at the time of such purchase.

On June 20, 2019, the Company agreed to repurchase approximately 1.7 million shares from Blue Lion Capital and affiliates at a share price of $31.16, which represented the five-day volume weighted average price prior to the date of the 2019 annual meeting on June 20, 2019. This agreement required the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco to review and provide its non-objection prior to consummation. On July 11, 2019, we received the non-objection to the purchase agreement from the Federal Reserve and executed this share repurchase. We subsequently terminated the March 28, 2019 share repurchase program on

July 25, 2019.

There were repurchases of 2,656,001 shares of our common stock in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

On September 26, 2019, the Board authorized a new share repurchase program pursuant to which the Company could purchase up to $25.0 million of its issued and outstanding common stock, no par value, at prevailing market rates at the time of such purchase.

Recent Accounting Developments

In May 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, or ASU 2019-05. This ASU allows entities to irrevocably elect, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the fair value option on financial instruments that (1) were previously recorded at amortized cost and (2) are within the scope of ASC 326-20 if the instruments are eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10. The fair value option election does not apply to held-to-maturity debt securities. Entities are required to make this election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. ASU 2019-05 has the same effective date as ASU 2016-13 therefore, it will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.

The Company does not expect to elect the fair value option under this guidance, and therefore, ASU 2019-05 is not expected to impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825 – Financial Instruments. The new ASU provides narrow-scope amendments to help apply these recent standards. The transition requirements and effective date of this ASU for HomeStreet is January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted for certain amendments. The Company is currently assessing this standard’s impact on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU adds, eliminates, and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Among the changes, entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted. Entities are also allowed to elect early adoption of the eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and delay adoption of the added disclosure requirements until their effective date. As ASU No. 2018-13 only revises disclosure requirements, it will not impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, or ASU 2017-04, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 also eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Adoption of ASU 2017-04 is required for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Current U.S. GAAP requires an "incurred loss" methodology for recognizing credit losses that delay recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The main objective of this ASU is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the

expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The amendment affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial asset not excluded from the scope that has the contractual right to receive cash. The amendments in this ASU replace the incurred loss impairment model in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The amendments in this ASU require a financial asset (or group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. Our allowance for credit losses includes both the allowance for loan losses and a separate allowance for losses related to unfunded loan commitments. The measurement of expected credit losses will be based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The amendments in this ASU broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The use of forecasted information incorporates more timely information in the estimate of expected credit loss, which will be more decision relevant to users of the financial statements. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company plans to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2020.

The Company has substantially completed the development of the credit loss models for all loan portfolios and is in the process of testing these models and validating data inputs, while continuing to develop the policies, systems and controls that will be required to implement CECL. Based on forecasted economic conditions and portfolio composition at September 30, 2019, the adoption of the CECL standard is estimated to result in an overall allowance for credit losses increase of 0% to 10%, as compared to our current aggregate reserve levels. The estimated increase is driven by the fact that the allowance will cover expected credit losses over the full expected life of the loan portfolios and will also consider forecasts of expected future economic conditions. The extent of the impact of the adoption of CECL on the Company’s consolidated financial statements may vary and will depend on, completion of the Company’s models, policies and management judgment's, and the composition of the loan portfolios on the date of adoption. At adoption, we will have a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for our change in the allowance for credit losses.

In addition, the current accounting policy and procedures for other-than-temporary impairment on investment securities classified as available for sale will be replaced with an allowance approach. The Company has begun developing and implementing processes to address the provisions of this ASU. Based on the credit quality of our existing debt securities portfolio, the Company does not expect the allowance for credit losses for HTM and AFS debt securities to be material.

NOTE 2–DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:

On March 29, 2019, the Company successfully closed and settled two sales of the rights to service $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balance of single family mortgage loans serviced for Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ('Freddie Mac") and Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"), representing 71% of HomeStreet's total single family mortgage loans serviced for others portfolio as of December 31, 2018. The sale resulted in a $941 thousand pre-tax loss from discontinued operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company transferred the servicing for some of these loans in the second quarter of 2019 and transferred the remainder in the third quarter of 2019 and subserviced these loans through the transfer dates.

On March 31, 2019, based on mortgage market conditions and the operating environment, the Board adopted a Resolution of Exit or Disposal of HLC Based Mortgage Banking Operations to sell or abandon the assets and related personnel associated with those operations. The assets that were sold or abandoned largely represented the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment, the activities of which related to originating, servicing, underwriting, funding and selling single family residential mortgage loans.

The Company determined that the above actions constituted commitment to a plan of exit or disposal of certain long-lived assets (through sale or abandonment) and termination of employees. Further, the Company determined that the shift from a large-scale HLC based originator and servicer to a branch-focused product offering represented a strategic shift. As a result, the HLC-related mortgage banking operations are reported separately from the continuing operations as discontinued operations. In addition, the former Mortgage Banking operating segment and reporting unit were eliminated. This has resulted in a recast of the financial statements in the current and all comparative periods as detailed below.

On April 4, 2019 the Company entered into a definitive agreement related to the sale of the HLC based mortgage origination business assets and transfer of personnel to Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. ("Homebridge").

On June 24, 2019 the Company completed the sale with Homebridge. This sale included 47 stand-alone HLCs and the transfer of certain related mortgage personnel. These HLCs, along with certain other mortgage banking related assets and liabilities that were to be sold or abandoned within one year, are classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Operations. HLCs that were not sold were closed during the second quarter of 2019 and none remain as of September 30, 2019. Certain components of the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment, including MSRs on certain mortgage loans that were not part of the sales and right-of-use assets and lease liabilities where we did not obtain full landlord release have been classified as continuing operations based on the Company's intent.

The following table summarizes the calculation of the net gain (loss) on disposal of discontinued operations.



(in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Proceeds from asset sales	$	—		$	186,612
Book value of asset sales	(4		)	180,978
Gain on assets sold	4			5,634
Transaction cost (recovery) expenses	(386		)	8,791
Compensation expense related to the transactions	596			4,388
Facility and IT related cost (recovery) expenses	(1,466		)	14,215
Total cost (recovery) expenses	(1,256		)	27,394
Net gain (loss) on disposal	$	1,260		$	(21,760	)

The carrying amount of major classes of assets and liabilities related to discontinued operations consisted of the following.



(in thousands)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Loans held for sale, at fair value	$	71,213	$	269,683
Mortgage serving rights	—		177,121
Premises and equipment, net	—		6,689
Other assets ⁽¹⁾	11,698		23,541
Assets of discontinued operations	$	82,911	$	477,034
LIABILITIES
Deposits	$	—	$	162,850
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	5,075		4,271
Liabilities of discontinued operations	$	5,075	$	167,121

(1) Includes $1.2 million and $15.5 million of derivative balances at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Statements of Operations of Discontinued Operations



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2019			2018
Net interest income	$	842	$	3,784	$	5,604		$	10,054
Noninterest income	1,604		47,458		64,332			162,177
Noninterest expense	2,256		46,681		94,864			158,580
Income (loss) before income taxes	190		4,561		(24,928		)	13,651
Income tax expense (benefit)	28		815		(3,837		)	2,865
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	162	$	3,746	$	(21,091	)	$	10,786

Cash Flows for Discontinued Operations



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	196,712	$	179,273
Net cash provided by investing activities	177,291		214,488

NOTE 3–INVESTMENT SECURITIES:

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the amortized cost basis and fair values of our investment securities available for sale and held to maturity.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value

AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	111,221	$	149	$	(1,789	)	$	109,581
Commercial	29,219		624		(7		)	29,836
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	187,651		1,269		(931		)	187,989
Commercial	109,116		1,072		(645		)	109,543
Municipal bonds	369,988		11,078		(972		)	380,094
Corporate debt securities	18,507		311		(50		)	18,768
U.S. Treasury securities	1,296		12		—			1,308
Agency debentures	25,221		—		(1		)	25,220
	$	852,219	$	14,515	$	(4,395	)	$	862,339

HELD TO MATURITY ⁽¹⁾
Municipal bonds	$	4,397	$	116	$	—		$	4,513
	$	4,397	$	116	$	—		$	4,513

(1) In conjunction with adopting ASU 2017-12, in the first quarter of 2019, we transferred $66.2 million in HTM securities to AFS.



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value

AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	112,852	$	19	$	(4,910	)	$	107,961
Commercial	34,892		109		(487		)	34,514
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	171,412		221		(4,889		)	166,744
Commercial	118,555		140		(2,021		)	116,674
Municipal bonds	393,463		1,526		(9,334		)	385,655
Corporate debt securities	21,177		1		(1,183		)	19,995
U.S. Treasury securities	11,211		6		(317		)	10,900
Agency debentures	9,876		—		(351		)	9,525
	$	873,438	$	2,022	$	(23,492	)	$	851,968

HELD TO MATURITY
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	11,071	$	—	$	(274	)	$	10,797
Commercial	17,307		30		(311		)	17,026
Collateralized mortgage obligations	15,624		10		(65		)	15,569
Municipal bonds	27,191		190		(319		)	27,062
Corporate debt securities	92		—		—			92
	$	71,285	$	230	$	(969	)	$	70,546

Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO") represent securities issued by government sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"). Each of the MBS and CMO securities in our investment portfolio are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae or Freddie Mac. Municipal bonds are comprised of general obligation bonds (i.e., backed by the general credit of the issuer) and revenue bonds (i.e., backed by either collateral or revenues from the specific project being financed) issued by various municipal corporations. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all securities held, including municipal bonds and corporate debt securities, were rated investment grade, based upon external ratings where available and, where not available, based upon internal ratings which correspond to ratings as defined by Standard and Poor's Rating Services ("S&P") or Moody's Investors Services ("Moody's"). As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, substantially all securities held had ratings available by external ratings agencies.

Investment securities available for sale and held to maturity that were in an unrealized loss position are presented in the following tables based on the length of time the individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position.



	At September 30, 2019
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
(in thousands)	Gross unrealized losses			Fair value		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value

AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	(338	)	$	18,888	$	(1,451	)	$	80,120	$	(1,789	)	$	99,008
Commercial	(2		)	2,929		(5		)	2,509		(7		)	5,438
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	(277		)	44,854		(654		)	31,432		(931		)	76,286
Commercial	(195		)	22,845		(450		)	42,873		(645		)	65,718
Municipal bonds	(192		)	26,805		(780		)	54,189		(972		)	80,994
Corporate debt securities	—			—		(50		)	1,744		(50		)	1,744
U.S. Treasury securities	—			—		—			—		—			—
Agency debentures	(1		)	25,221		—			—		(1		)	25,221
	$	(1,005	)	$	141,542	$	(3,390	)	$	212,867	$	(4,395	)	$	354,409

There were no held to maturity securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2019.



	At December 31, 2018
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
(in thousands)	Gross unrealized losses			Fair value		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value

AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	(34	)	$	1,269	$	(4,876	)	$	104,822	$	(4,910	)	$	106,091
Commercial	—			—		(487		)	18,938		(487		)	18,938
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	(131		)	24,085		(4,758		)	128,899		(4,889		)	152,984
Commercial	(350		)	22,051		(1,671		)	73,429		(2,021		)	95,480
Municipal bonds	(1,283		)	85,057		(8,051		)	201,189		(9,334		)	286,246
Corporate debt securities	(104		)	5,557		(1,079		)	14,213		(1,183		)	19,770
U.S. Treasury securities	—			—		(317		)	9,598		(317		)	9,598
Agency debentures	—			—		(351		)	9,525		(351		)	9,525
	$	(1,902	)	$	138,019	$	(21,590	)	$	560,613	$	(23,492	)	$	698,632

HELD TO MATURITY
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	(31	)	$	2,314	$	(243	)	$	6,197	$	(274	)	$	8,511
Commercial	(24		)	2,800		(287		)	11,256		(311		)	14,056
Collateralized mortgage obligations	(65		)	10,597		—			—		(65		)	10,597
Municipal bonds	(102		)	7,210		(217		)	11,273		(319		)	18,483
	$	(222	)	$	22,921	$	(747	)	$	28,726	$	(969	)	$	51,647

The Company has evaluated securities available for sale that are in an unrealized loss position and has determined that the decline in value is temporary and is related to the change in market interest rates since purchase. The decline in value is not

related to any issuer- or industry-specific credit event. The Company has not identified any expected credit losses on its debt securities as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. In addition, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had not made a decision to sell any of its debt securities held, nor did the Company consider it more likely than not that it would be required to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis.

The following tables present the fair value of investment securities available for sale and held to maturity by contractual maturity along with the associated contractual yield for the periods indicated below. Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations as presented exclude the effect of expected prepayments. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations before the underlying mortgages mature. The weighted-average yield is computed using the contractual coupon of each security weighted based on the fair value of each security and does not include adjustments to a tax equivalent basis.



	At September 30, 2019
	Within one year				After one year through five years				After five years through ten years				After ten years				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield

AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	—	—	%	$	4	1.33	%	$	5,654	1.67	%	$	103,923	2.13	%	$	109,581	2.11	%
Commercial	—		—		7,603		2.74		12,125		2.76		10,108		2.42		29,836		2.64
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	—		—		—		—		—		—		187,989		2.45		187,989		2.45
Commercial	—		—		7,607		2.34		28,058		2.79		73,878		2.47		109,543		2.54
Municipal bonds	—		—		—		—		14,081		3.01		366,013		3.69		380,094		3.67
Corporate debt securities	1,016		3.41		7,584		3.63		10,078		3.70		90		6.13		18,768		3.67
U.S. Treasury securities	1,308		2.83		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,308		2.83
Agency debentures	—		—		25,220		1.90		—		—		—		—		25,220		1.90
Total available for sale	$	2,324	3.08	%	$	48,018	2.37	%	$	69,996	2.87	%	$	742,001	3.01	%	$	862,339	2.96	%

HELD TO MATURITY
Mortgage-backed securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	—	%	$	1,794	2.90	%	$	2,719	2.08	%	$	—	—	%	$	4,513	2.40	%
Total held to maturity	$	—	—	%	$	1,794	2.90	%	$	2,719	2.08	%	$	—	—	%	$	4,513	2.40	%



	At December 31, 2018
	Within one year				After one year through five years				After five years through ten years				After ten years				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield

AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	7,094	1.62	%	$	100,867	2.05	%	$	107,961	2.03	%
Commercial	—		—		14,175		2.20		16,737		2.99		3,602		2.90		34,514		2.66
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	—		—		—		—		—		—		166,744		2.43		166,744		2.43
Commercial	—		—		9,008		2.42		29,292		2.88		78,374		2.42		116,674		2.53
Municipal bonds	5,670		2.12		16,276		2.24		30,659		2.89		333,050		3.51		385,655		3.39
Corporate debt securities	—		—		3,949		2.96		13,608		3.31		2,438		3.65		19,995		3.29
U.S. Treasury securities	—		—		10,900		1.87		—		—		—		—		10,900		1.87
Agency debentures	—		—		—		—		9,525		2.23		—		—		9,525		2.23
Total available for sale	$	5,670	2.12	%	$	54,308	2.24	%	$	106,915	2.81	%	$	685,075	2.90	%	$	851,968	2.84	%

HELD TO MATURITY
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	10,797	2.82	%	$	10,797	2.82	%
Commercial	—		—		12,147		2.51		4,879		2.64		—		—		17,026		2.55
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		7,205		3.59		—		—		8,364		2.94		15,569		3.24
Municipal bonds	—		—		1,790		2.85		5,651		2.29		19,621		3.24		27,062		3.01
Corporate debt securities	—		—		—		—		—		—		92		6.00		92		6.00
Total held to maturity	$	—	—	%	$	21,142	2.91	%	$	10,530	2.45	%	$	38,874	3.07	%	$	70,546	2.93	%

Sales of investment securities available for sale were as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

Proceeds	$	25,190		$	16,233		$	144,602		$	38,465
Gross gains	58			39			589			300
Gross losses	(76		)	(43		)	(717		)	(66		)

The following table summarizes the carrying value of securities pledged as collateral to secure borrowings, public deposits and other purposes as permitted or required by law:



(in thousands)	At September 30, 2019		At December 31, 2018

Federal Home Loan Bank to secure borrowings	$	—	$	63,179
Washington and California State to secure public deposits	150,828		126,565
Securities pledged to secure derivatives in a liability position	—		5,077
Other securities pledged	4,516		5,147
Total securities pledged as collateral	$	155,344	$	199,968

The Company assesses the creditworthiness of the counterparties that hold the pledged collateral and has determined that these arrangements have little risk. There were no securities pledged under repurchase agreements at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Tax-exempt interest income on securities totaling $2.5 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $7.8 million and $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, was recorded in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

NOTE 4–LOANS AND CREDIT QUALITY:

For a detailed discussion of loans and credit quality, including accounting policies and the methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 5, Loans and Credit Quality, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company's portfolio of loans held for investment is divided into two portfolio segments, consumer loans and commercial loans, which are the same segments used to determine the allowance for loan losses. Within each portfolio segment, the Company monitors and assesses credit risk based on the risk characteristics of each of the following loan classes: single family and home equity and other loans within the consumer loan portfolio segment and non-owner occupied commercial real estate, multifamily, construction/land development, owner occupied commercial real estate and commercial business loans within the commercial loan portfolio segment.

Loans held for investment consist of the following.



(in thousands)	At September 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018

Consumer loans
Single family ⁽¹⁾	$	1,188,159		$	1,358,175
Home equity and other	567,791			570,923
Total consumer loans	1,755,950			1,929,098
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	794,863			701,928
Multifamily	920,279			908,015
Construction/land development	762,332			794,544
Total commercial real estate loans	2,477,474			2,404,487
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	476,650			429,158
Commercial business	446,739			331,004
Total commercial and industrial loans	923,389			760,162
Loans held for investment before deferred fees, costs and allowance	5,156,813			5,093,747
Net deferred loan fees and costs	25,732			23,094
	5,182,545			5,116,841
Allowance for loan losses	(43,437		)	(41,470		)
Total loans held for investment	$	5,139,108		$	5,075,371


(1)	Includes $5.3 million and $4.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Loans in the amount of $2.12 billion and $2.16 billion at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") as part of our liquidity management strategy. Additionally, loans totaling $505.0 million and $502.7 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank. The FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank do not have the right to sell or re-pledge these loans.

Credit Risk Concentrations

Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of customers are engaged in similar business activities or activities in the same geographic region, or when they have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions.

Loans held for investment are primarily secured by real estate located in the Pacific Northwest, California and Hawaii. At September 30, 2019, we had concentrations representing 10% or more of the total portfolio by state and property type for the loan classes of single family and multifamily within the states of Washington and California, which represented 11.5% and 10.6% of the total portfolio, respectively. At December 31, 2018, we had concentrations representing 10% or more of the total portfolio by state and property type for the loan classes of single family and multifamily within the states of Washington and California, which represented 13.1% and 10.2% of the total portfolio, respectively.

Credit Quality

Management considers the level of allowance for loan losses to be appropriate to cover credit losses inherent within the loans held for investment portfolio as of September 30, 2019. In addition to the allowance for loan losses, the Company maintains a separate allowance for losses related to unfunded loan commitments, and this amount is included in accounts payable and other liabilities on our consolidated statements of financial condition. Collectively, these allowances are referred to as the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for unfunded commitments was $1.2 million at September 30, 2019, compared to $1.4 million at September 30, 2018.

For further information on the policies that govern the determination of the allowance for loan losses levels, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 5, Loans and Credit Quality, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses was as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Allowance for credit losses (roll-forward):
Beginning balance	$	44,628	$	40,982	$	42,913	$	39,116
Provision for credit losses	—		750		1,500		2,500
Recoveries, net of (charge-offs)	6		122		221		238
Ending balance	$	44,634	$	41,854	$	44,634	$	41,854

Activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan portfolio and loan class was as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Beginning balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		(Reversal of) Provision			Ending balance

Consumer loans
Single family	$	7,540	$	—		$	1	$	(321	)	$	7,220
Home equity and other	7,563		(68		)	59		(69		)	7,485
Total consumer loans	15,103		(68		)	60		(390		)	14,705
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	6,151		—			—		330			6,481
Multifamily	7,047		—			—		(357		)	6,690
Construction/land development	9,707		—			1		99			9,807
Total commercial real estate loans	22,905		—			1		72			22,978
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	3,462		—			—		139			3,601
Commercial business	3,158		—			13		179			3,350
Total commercial and industrial loans	6,620		—			13		318			6,951
Total allowance for credit losses	$	44,628	$	(68	)	$	74	$	—		$	44,634



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Beginning balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		(Reversal of) Provision			Ending balance

Consumer loans
Single family	$	8,594	$	(43	)	$	2	$	(46	)	$	8,507
Home equity and other	7,346		(107		)	102		205			7,546
Total consumer loans	15,940		(150		)	104		159			16,053
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	4,764		—			—		249			5,013
Multifamily	5,017		—			—		608			5,625
Construction/land development	9,205		—			170		(94		)	9,281
Total commercial real estate loans	18,986		—			170		763			19,919
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	3,032		—			—		111			3,143
Commercial business	3,024		(10		)	8		(283		)	2,739
Total commercial and industrial loans	6,056		(10		)	8		(172		)	5,882
Total allowance for credit losses	$	40,982	$	(160	)	$	282	$	750		$	41,854



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Beginning balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		(Reversal of) Provision			Ending balance

Consumer loans
Single family	$	8,217	$	—		$	143	$	(1,140	)	$	7,220
Home equity and other	7,712		(209		)	212		(230		)	7,485
	15,929		(209		)	355		(1,370		)	14,705
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	5,496		—			—		985			6,481
Multifamily	5,754		—			—		936			6,690
Construction/land development	9,539		—			48		220			9,807
Total commercial real estate loans	20,789		—			48		2,141			22,978
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	3,282		—			—		319			3,601
Commercial business	2,913		—			27		410			3,350
Total commercial and industrial loans	6,195		—			27		729			6,951
Total allowance for credit losses	$	42,913	$	(209	)	$	430	$	1,500		$	44,634



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Beginning balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		(Reversal of) Provision			Ending balance
Consumer loans
Single family	$	9,412	$	(43	)	$	284	$	(1,146	)	$	8,507
Home equity and other	7,081		(349		)	325		489			7,546
	16,493		(392		)	609		(657		)	16,053
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	4,755		—			—		258			5,013
Multifamily	3,895		—			—		1,730			5,625
Construction/land development	8,677		—			513		91			9,281
Total commercial real estate loans	17,327		—			513		2,079			19,919
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	2,960		—			—		183			3,143
Commercial business	2,336		(663		)	171		895			2,739
	5,296		(663		)	171		1,078			5,882
Total allowance for credit losses	$	39,116	$	(1,055	)	$	1,293	$	2,500		$	41,854

The following tables disaggregate our allowance for credit losses and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Allowance: collectively evaluated for impairment		Allowance: individually evaluated for impairment		Total		Loans: collectively evaluated for impairment		Loans: individually evaluated for impairment		Total

Consumer loans
Single family	$	7,136	$	84	$	7,220	$	1,117,056	$	65,821	$	1,182,877
Home equity and other	7,448		37		7,485		566,739		1,039		567,778
Total consumer loans	14,584		121		14,705		1,683,795		66,860		1,750,655
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	6,481		—		6,481		794,863		—		794,863
Multifamily	6,690		—		6,690		920,279		—		920,279
Construction/land development	9,807		—		9,807		760,977		1,355		762,332
Total commercial real estate loans	22,978		—		22,978		2,476,119		1,355		2,477,474
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	3,601		—		3,601		474,349		2,301		476,650
Commercial business	3,342		8		3,350		444,374		2,365		446,739
Total commercial and industrial loans	6,943		8		6,951		918,723		4,666		923,389
Total loans evaluated for impairment	44,505		129		44,634		5,078,637		72,881		5,151,518
Loans held for investment carried at fair value	—		—		—		—		—		5,295		⁽¹⁾
Total loans held for investment	$	44,505	$	129	$	44,634	$	5,078,637	$	72,881	$	5,156,813



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Allowance: collectively evaluated for impairment		Allowance: individually evaluated for impairment		Total		Loans: collectively evaluated for impairment		Loans: individually evaluated for impairment		Total

Consumer loans
Single family	$	8,151	$	66	$	8,217	$	1,286,556	$	67,575	$	1,354,131
Home equity and other	7,671		41		7,712		569,673		1,237		570,910
Total consumer loans	15,822		107		15,929		1,856,229		68,812		1,925,041
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	5,496		—		5,496		701,928		—		701,928
Multifamily	5,754		—		5,754		907,523		492		908,015
Construction/land development	9,539		—		9,539		793,818		726		794,544
Total commercial real estate loans	20,789		—		20,789		2,403,269		1,218		2,404,487
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	3,282		—		3,282		427,938		1,220		429,158
Commercial business	2,787		126		2,913		329,170		1,834		331,004
Total commercial and industrial loans	6,069		126		6,195		757,108		3,054		760,162
Total loans evaluated for impairment	42,680		233		42,913		5,016,606		73,084		5,089,690
Loans held for investment carried at fair value	—		—		—		—		—		4,057		⁽¹⁾
Total loans held for investment	$	42,680	$	233	$	42,913	$	5,016,606	$	73,084	$	5,093,747


(1)	Comprised of single family loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Impaired Loans

Loans are classified as impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, in accordance with the terms of the original loan agreement, without unreasonable delay. This includes all loans classified as nonaccrual and troubled debt restructurings. Impaired loans are risk rated for internal and regulatory rating purposes, but presented separately for clarification.

The following tables present impaired loans by loan portfolio segment and loan class.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Recorded investment⁽¹⁾		Unpaid principal balance ⁽²⁾		Related allowance

With no related allowance recorded:
Consumer loans
Single family⁽³⁾	$	64,316	$	64,754	$	—
Home equity and other	559		585		—
Total consumer loans	64,875		65,339		—
Commercial real estate loans
Construction/land development	1,355		1,355		—
Total commercial real estate loans	1,355		1,355		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	2,301		2,369		—
Commercial business	1,848		2,500		—
Total commercial and industrial loans	4,149		4,869		—
	$	70,379	$	71,563	$	—
With an allowance recorded:
Consumer loans
Single family	$	1,505	$	1,505	$	84
Home equity and other	480		480		37
Total consumer loans	1,985		1,985		121
Commercial and industrial loans
Commercial business	517		548		8
Total commercial and industrial loans	517		548		8
	$	2,502	$	2,533	$	129
Total:
Consumer loans
Single family ⁽³⁾	$	65,821	$	66,259	$	84
Home equity and other	1,039		1,065		37
Total consumer loans	66,860		67,324		121
Commercial real estate loans
Construction/land development	1,355		1,355		—
Total commercial real estate loans	1,355		1,355		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	2,301		2,369		—
Commercial business	2,365		3,048		8
Total commercial and industrial loans	4,666		5,417		8
Total impaired loans	$	72,881	$	74,096	$	129


(1)	Includes partial charge-offs and nonaccrual interest paid and purchase discounts and premiums.


(2)	Unpaid principal balance does not include partial charge-offs, purchase discounts and premiums or nonaccrual interest paid. Related allowance is calculated on net book balances not unpaid principal balances.


(3)	Includes $63.8 million in single family performing trouble debt restructurings ("TDRs").



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Recorded investment ⁽¹⁾		Unpaid principal balance ⁽²⁾		Related allowance

With no related allowance recorded:
Consumer loans
Single family⁽³⁾	$	66,725	$	67,496	$	—
Home equity and other	743		769		—
Total consumer loans	67,468		68,265		—
Commercial real estate loans
Multifamily	492		492		—
Construction/land development	726		726		—
Total commercial real estate loans	1,218		1,218		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	1,220		1,543		—
Commercial business	1,331		2,087		—
Total commercial and industrial loans	2,551		3,630		—
	$	71,237	$	73,113	$	—
With an allowance recorded:
Consumer loans
Single family	$	850	$	850	$	66
Home equity and other	494		494		41
Total consumer loans	1,344		1,344		107
Commercial and industrial loans
Commercial business	503		503		126
Total commercial and industrial loans	503		503		126
	$	1,847	$	1,847	$	233
Total:
Consumer loans
Single family ⁽³⁾	$	67,575	$	68,346	$	66
Home equity and other	1,237		1,263		41
Total consumer loans	68,812		69,609		107
Commercial real estate loans
Multifamily	492		492		—
Construction/land development	726		726		—
Total commercial real estate loans	1,218		1,218		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	1,220		1,543		—
Commercial business	1,834		2,590		126
Total commercial and industrial loans	3,054		4,133		126
Total impaired loans	$	73,084	$	74,960	$	233


(1)	Includes partial charge-offs and nonaccrual interest paid and purchase discounts and premiums.


(2)	Unpaid principal balance does not include partial charge-offs, purchase discounts and premiums or nonaccrual interest paid. Related allowance is calculated on net book balances not unpaid principal balances.


(3)	Includes $65.8 million in single family performing TDRs.

The following tables provide the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by portfolio segment and class.



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019				Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

(in thousands)	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Consumer loans
Single family	$	67,814	$	662	$	66,754	$	653
Home equity and other	1,044		14		1,256		20
Total consumer loans	68,858		676		68,010		673
Commercial real estate loans
Multifamily	242		—		640		6
Construction/land development	677		—		677		6
Total commercial real estate loans	919		—		1,317		12
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	1,744		—		1,250		19
Commercial business	1,842		9		1,895		28
Total commercial and industrial loans	3,586		9		3,145		47
	$	73,363	$	685	$	72,472	$	732



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

(in thousands)	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Consumer loans
Single family	$	68,181	$	2,088	$	69,384	$	1,963
Home equity and other	1,112		46		1,267		58
Total consumer loans	69,293		2,134		70,651		2,021
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	3		—		—		—
Multifamily	366		14		722		18
Construction/land development	1,689		—		600		17
Total commercial real estate loans	2,058		14		1,322		35
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	2,936		112		2,085		74
Commercial business	1,889		29		2,420		94
Total commercial and industrial loans	4,825		141		4,505		168
	$	76,176	$	2,289	$	76,478	$	2,224

Credit Quality Indicators

Management regularly reviews loans in the portfolio to assess credit quality indicators and to determine appropriate loan classification and grading in accordance with applicable bank regulations. The Company's risk rating methodology assigns risk ratings ranging from 1 to 10, where a higher rating represents higher risk. The Company differentiates its lending portfolios into homogeneous loans and non-homogeneous loans.

The 10 risk rating categories can be generally described by the following groupings for non-homogeneous loans:

Pass. We have five pass risk ratings which represent a level of credit quality that ranges from no well-defined deficiency or weakness to some noted weakness. However, the risk of default on any loan classified as pass is expected to be remote. The five pass risk ratings are described below:

Minimal Risk. A minimal risk loan, risk rated 1-Exceptional, is to a borrower of the highest quality. The borrower has an unquestioned ability to produce consistent profits and service all obligations and can absorb severe market disturbances with little or no difficulty.

Low Risk. A low risk loan, risk rated 2-Superior, is similar in characteristics to a minimal risk loan. Balance sheet and operations are slightly more prone to fluctuations within the business cycle; however, debt capacity and debt service coverage remains strong. The borrower will have a strong demonstrated ability to produce profits and absorb market disturbances.

Modest Risk. A modest risk loan, risk rated 3-Excellent, is a desirable loan with excellent sources of repayment and no currently identifiable risk associated with collection. The borrower exhibits a very strong capacity to repay the loan in accordance with the repayment agreement. The borrower may be susceptible to economic cycles, but will have cash reserves to weather these cycles.

Average Risk. An average risk loan, risk rated 4-Good, is an attractive loan with sound sources of repayment and no material collection or repayment weakness evident. The borrower has an acceptable capacity to pay in accordance with the agreement. The borrower is susceptible to economic cycles and more efficient competition, but should have modest reserves sufficient to survive all but the most severe downturns or major setbacks.

Acceptable Risk. An acceptable risk loan, risk rated 5-Acceptable, is a loan with lower than average, but still acceptable credit risk. These borrowers may have higher leverage, less certain but viable repayment sources, have limited financial reserves and may possess weaknesses that can be adequately mitigated through collateral, structural or credit enhancement. The borrower is susceptible to economic cycles and is less resilient to negative market forces or financial events. Reserves may be insufficient to survive a modest downturn.

Watch. A watch loan, risk rated 6-Watch, is still pass-rated, but represents the lowest level of acceptable risk due to an emerging risk element or declining performance trend. Watch ratings are expected to be temporary, with issues resolved or manifested to the extent that a higher or lower rating would be appropriate. The borrower should have a plausible plan, with reasonable certainty of success, to correct the problems in a short period of time. Borrowers rated watch are characterized by elements of uncertainty, such as:


•	The borrower may be experiencing declining operating trends, strained cash flows or less-than anticipated financial performance. Cash flow should still be adequate to cover debt service, and the negative trends should be identified as being of a short-term or temporary nature.


•	The borrower may have experienced a minor, unexpected covenant violation.


•	The borrower may be experiencing tight working capital or have a cash cushion deficiency.


•	A loan may also be a watch if financial information is late, there is a documentation deficiency, the borrower has experienced unexpected management turnover, or if it faces industry issues that, when combined with performance factors create uncertainty in its future ability to perform.


•	Delinquent payments, increasing and material overdraft activity, request for bulge and/or out-of-formula advances may be an indicator of inadequate working capital and may suggest a lower rating.


•	Failure of the intended repayment source to materialize as expected, or renewal of a loan (other than cash/marketable security secured or lines of credit) without reduction are possible indicators of a watch or worse risk rating.

Special Mention. A special mention loan, risk rated 7-Special Mention, has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loans or the institution's credit position at some future date. Loans in this category contain unfavorable characteristics and are generally undesirable. They are currently protected but are potentially weak and constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of a substandard classification. A special mention loan has potential weaknesses, which if not checked or corrected, weaken the loan or inadequately protect the Company's position at some future date. Such weaknesses include:


•	Performance is poor or significantly less than expected. There may be a temporary debt-servicing deficiency or inadequate working capital as evidenced by a cash cushion deficiency, but not to the extent that repayment is compromised. Material violation of financial covenants is common.


•	Loans with unresolved material issues that significantly cloud the debt service outlook, even though a debt servicing deficiency does not currently exist.


•	Modest underperformance or deviation from plan for real estate loans where absorption of rental/sales units is necessary to properly service the debt as structured. Depth of support for interest carry provided by owner/guarantors may mitigate and provide for improved rating.


•	This rating may be assigned when a loan officer is unable to supervise the credit properly, or when there is an inadequate loan agreement, an inability to control collateral, failure to obtain proper documentation, or any other deviation from prudent lending practices.


•	Unlike a substandard credit, there should be a reasonable expectation that these temporary issues will be corrected within the normal course of business, rather than through liquidation of assets, and in a reasonable period of time.

Substandard. A substandard loan, risk rated 8-Substandard, is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the loan. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard loans, does not have to exist in individual loans classified substandard. Loans are classified as substandard when they have unsatisfactory characteristics causing unacceptable levels of risk. A substandard loan normally has one or more well-defined weaknesses that could jeopardize repayment of the loan. The likely need to liquidate assets to correct the problem, rather than repayment from successful operations, is the key distinction between special mention and substandard. The following are examples of well-defined weaknesses:


•	Cash flow deficiencies or trends are of a magnitude to jeopardize current and future payments with no immediate relief. A loss is not presently expected; however, the outlook is sufficiently uncertain to preclude ruling out the possibility.


•	The borrower has been unable to adjust to prolonged and unfavorable industry or economic trends.


•	Material underperformance or deviation from plan for real estate loans where absorption of rental/sales units is necessary to properly service the debt and risk is not mitigated by willingness and capacity of owner/guarantor to support interest payments.


•	Management character or honesty has become suspect. This includes instances where the borrower has become uncooperative.

•

Due to unprofitable or unsuccessful business operations, some form of restructuring of the business, including liquidation of assets, has become the primary source of loan repayment. Cash flow has deteriorated, or been diverted, to the point that sale of collateral is now the Company's primary source of repayment (unless this was the original source of repayment). If the collateral is under the Company's control and is cash or other liquid, highly marketable securities and properly margined, then a more appropriate rating might be special mention or watch.


•	The borrower is involved in bankruptcy proceedings where collateral liquidation values are expected to fully protect the Company against loss.


•	There is material, uncorrectable faulty documentation or materially suspect financial information.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful, risk rated 9-Doubtful, have all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work towards strengthening the loan, classification as a loss (and immediate charge-off) is deferred until more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, liquidation procedures, capital injection, and perfection of liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans. In certain circumstances, a doubtful rating will be temporary, while the Company is awaiting an updated collateral valuation. In these cases, once the collateral is valued and appropriate margin applied, the remaining uncollateralized portion will be charged-off. The remaining balance, properly margined, may then be upgraded to substandard; however, must remain on non-accrual.

Loss. Loans classified as loss, risk rated 10-Loss, are considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as an active Company asset is not warranted. This rating does not mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value, but rather that the loan should be charged-off now, even though partial or full recovery may be possible in the future.

Homogeneous loans maintain their original risk rating until they are greater than 30 days past due, and risk rating reclassification is based primarily on the past due status of the loan. The risk rating categories can be generally described by the following groupings for commercial and commercial real estate homogeneous loans:

Watch. A homogeneous watch loan, risk rated 6, is 60-89 days past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Special Mention. A homogeneous special mention loan, risk rated 7, is less than 90 days past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Substandard. A homogeneous substandard loan, risk rated 8, is more than 90 days or more past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Loss. A homogeneous loss loan, risk rated 10, is 120 days or more past due from the required payment date for non-real estate secured closed-end loans or 180 days or more past due from the required payment date for open-end loans and all loans secured by real estate. These loans are generally charged off in the month in which the applicable time period elapses.

The risk rating categories can be generally described by the following groupings for residential and home equity and other homogeneous loans:

Watch. A homogeneous retail watch loan, risk rated 6, is 60-89 days past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Substandard. A homogeneous retail substandard loan, risk rated 8, is 90-180 days past due from the required payment date at month-end.

Loss. A homogeneous retail loss loan, risk rated 10, is past due 180 cumulative days or more from the contractual due date. These loans are generally charged-off in the month in which the 180 day period elapses.

Residential and home equity loans modified in a troubled debt restructure are not considered homogeneous. The risk rating classification for such loans are based on the non-homogeneous definitions noted above.

The following tables summarize designated loan grades by loan portfolio segment and loan class.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Pass			Watch		Special mention		Substandard		Total

Consumer loans
Single family	$	1,172,275	⁽¹⁾	$	2,417	$	7,992	$	5,475	$	1,188,159
Home equity and other	565,632			360		812		987		567,791
Total consumer loans	1,737,907			2,777		8,804		6,462		1,755,950
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	791,964			2,899		—		—		794,863
Multifamily	915,452			4,827		—		—		920,279
Construction/land development	727,673			14,208		19,096		1,355		762,332
Total commercial real estate loans	2,435,089			21,934		19,096		1,355		2,477,474
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	435,811			22,647		12,685		5,507		476,650
Commercial business	390,367			33,178		19,601		3,593		446,739
Total commercial and industrial loans	826,178			55,825		32,286		9,100		923,389
	$	4,999,174		$	80,536	$	60,186	$	16,917	$	5,156,813


(1)	Includes $5.3 million of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Pass			Watch		Special mention		Substandard		Total

Consumer loans
Single family	$	1,338,025	⁽¹⁾	$	2,882	$	8,775	$	8,493	$	1,358,175
Home equity and other	569,370			95		510		948		570,923
Total consumer loans	1,907,395			2,977		9,285		9,441		1,929,098
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	695,077			1,426		5,425		—		701,928
Multifamily	903,897			3,626		492		—		908,015
Construction/land development	767,113			21,531		1,084		4,816		794,544
Total commercial real estate loans	2,366,087			26,583		7,001		4,816		2,404,487
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	392,273			22,928		11,087		2,870		429,158
Commercial business	299,225			14,331		15,427		2,021		331,004
Total commercial and industrial loans	691,498			37,259		26,514		4,891		760,162
	$	4,964,980		$	66,819	$	42,800	$	19,148	$	5,093,747


(1)	Includes $4.1 million of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, none of the Company's loans were rated Doubtful or Loss. For a detailed discussion on credit quality, see Note 5, Loans and Credit Quality, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of principal and interest is doubtful, generally when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due for principal or interest payment or if part of the principal balance has been charged off. Loans whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration ("VA") are generally maintained on accrual status even if 90 days or more past due.

The following tables present an aging analysis of past due loans by loan portfolio segment and loan class.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current			Total loans		90 days or more past due and accruing

Consumer loans
Single family	$	6,447	$	2,972	$	27,065	$	36,484	$	1,151,675	⁽¹⁾	$	1,188,159	$	21,590	⁽²⁾
Home equity and other	147		360		987		1,494		566,297			567,791		—
Total consumer loans	6,594		3,332		28,052		37,978		1,717,972			1,755,950		21,590
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		794,863			794,863		—
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		920,279			920,279		—
Construction/land development	—		—		1,355		1,355		760,977			762,332		—
Total commercial real estate loans	—		—		1,355		1,355		2,476,119			2,477,474		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	1,110		—		2,301		3,411		473,239			476,650		—
Commercial business	45		—		2,315		2,360		444,379			446,739		—
Total commercial and industrial loans	1,155		—		4,616		5,771		917,618			923,389		—
	$	7,749	$	3,332	$	34,023	$	45,104	$	5,111,709		$	5,156,813	$	21,590



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current			Total loans		90 days or more past due and accruing

Consumer loans
Single family	$	9,725	$	3,653	$	47,609	$	60,987	$	1,297,188	⁽¹⁾	$	1,358,175	$	39,116	⁽²⁾
Home equity and other	145		100		948		1,193		569,730			570,923		—
Total consumer loans	9,870		3,753		48,557		62,180		1,866,918			1,929,098		39,116
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		701,928			701,928		—
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		908,015			908,015		—
Construction/land development	—		—		72		72		794,472			794,544		—
Total commercial real estate loans	—		—		72		72		2,404,415			2,404,487		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	—		—		374		374		428,784			429,158		—
Commercial business	—		—		1,732		1,732		329,272			331,004		—
Total commercial and industrial loans	—		—		2,106		2,106		758,056			760,162		—
	$	9,870	$	3,753	$	50,735	$	64,358	$	5,029,389		$	5,093,747	$	39,116


(1)	Includes $5.3 million and $4.1 million of loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in our consolidated statements of operations.


(2)	FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed single family loans that are 90 days or more past due are maintained on accrual status if they are determined to have little to no risk of loss.

The following tables present performing and nonperforming loan balances by loan portfolio segment and loan class.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Accrual		Nonaccrual		Total

Consumer loans
Single family ⁽¹⁾	$	1,182,684	$	5,475	$	1,188,159
Home equity and other	566,804		987		567,791
Total consumer loans	1,749,488		6,462		1,755,950
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	794,863		—		794,863
Multifamily	920,279		—		920,279
Construction/land development	760,977		1,355		762,332
Total commercial real estate loans	2,476,119		1,355		2,477,474
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	474,349		2,301		476,650
Commercial business	444,424		2,315		446,739
Total commercial and industrial loans	918,773		4,616		923,389
	$	5,144,380	$	12,433	$	5,156,813



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Accrual		Nonaccrual		Total

Consumer loans
Single family ⁽¹⁾	$	1,349,682	$	8,493	$	1,358,175
Home equity and other	569,975		948		570,923
Total consumer loans	1,919,657		9,441		1,929,098
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	701,928		—		701,928
Multifamily	908,015		—		908,015
Construction/land development	794,472		72		794,544
Total commercial real estate loans	2,404,415		72		2,404,487
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	428,784		374		429,158
Commercial business	329,272		1,732		331,004
Total commercial and industrial loans	758,056		2,106		760,162
	$	5,082,128	$	11,619	$	5,093,747


(1)	Includes $5.3 million and $4.1 million of loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

The following tables present information about TDR activity during the periods presented.



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Concession type	Number of loan modifications	Recorded investment		Related charge- offs

Consumer loans
Single family
	Interest rate reduction	6	$	1,112	$	—
	Payment restructure	21	5,420		—
Total consumer
	Interest rate reduction	6	1,112		—
	Payment restructure	21	5,420		—
		27	6,532		—
Total loans
	Interest rate reduction	6	1,112		—
	Payment restructure	21	5,420		—
		27	$	6,532	$	—



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Concession type	Number of loan modifications	Recorded investment		Related charge- offs

Consumer loans
Single family
	Interest rate reduction	2	$	374	$	—
	Payment restructure	42	8,854		—
Total consumer
	Interest rate reduction	2	374		—
	Payment restructure	42	8,854		—
		44	9,228		—
Total loans
	Interest rate reduction	2	374		—
	Payment restructure	42	8,854		—
		44	$	9,228	$	—



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Concession type	Number of loan modifications	Recorded investment		Related charge- offs

Consumer loans
Single family
	Interest rate reduction	13	$	2,386	$	—
	Payment restructure	111	23,904		—
Home equity and other
	Payment restructure	1	116		—
Total consumer
	Interest rate reduction	13	2,386		—
	Payment restructure	112	24,020		—
		125	26,406		—
Commercial real estate loans
Construction/land development
	Payment restructure	1	4,675		—
Total commercial real estate
	Payment restructure	1	4,675		—
		1	4,675		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate
	Payment restructure	1	5,840		—
Commercial business
	Payment restructure	1	259		—
Total commercial and industrial
	Payment restructure	2	6,099		—
		2	6,099		—
Total loans
	Interest rate reduction	13	2,386		—
	Payment restructure	115	34,794		—
		128	$	37,180	$	—



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Concession type	Number of loan modifications	Recorded investment		Related charge- offs

Consumer loans
Single family
	Interest rate reduction	15	$	2,836	$	—
	Payment restructure	106	22,784		—
Total consumer
	Interest rate reduction	15	2,836		—
	Payment restructure	106	22,784		—
		121	25,620		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Commercial business
	Payment restructure	2	267		—
Total commercial and industrial
	Payment restructure	2	267		—
		2	267		—
Total loans
	Interest rate reduction	15	2,836		—
	Payment restructure	108	23,051		—
		123	$	25,887	$	—

The following table presents loans that were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and subsequently re-defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. A TDR loan is considered re-defaulted when it becomes doubtful that the objectives of the modifications will be met, generally when a consumer loan TDR becomes 60 days or more past due on principal or interest payments or when a commercial loan TDR becomes 90 days or more past due on principal or interest payments.



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
(dollars in thousands)	Number of loan relationships that re-defaulted	Recorded investment		Number of loan relationships that re-defaulted	Recorded investment

Consumer loans
Single family	3	$	643	6	$	988
	3	$	643	6	$	988



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
(dollars in thousands)	Number of loan relationships that re-defaulted	Recorded investment		Number of loan relationships that re-defaulted	Recorded investment

Consumer loans
Single family	9	$	1,873	18	$	3,267
	9	$	1,873	18	$	3,267

NOTE 5–DEPOSITS:

Deposit balances, including stated rates, were as follows.



(in thousands)	At September 30, 2019		At December 31, 2018

Noninterest-bearing accounts ⁽¹⁾	$	952,380	$	914,154
NOW accounts, 0.00% to 1.44% at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	421,750		376,137
Statement savings accounts, due on demand, 0.05% to 1.13% at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	220,401		245,795
Money market accounts, due on demand, 0.00% to 3.43% at September 30, 2019 and 0.00% to 2.40% at December 31, 2018	2,073,907		1,935,516
Certificates of deposit, 0.10% to 3.06% at September 30, 2019 and 0.10% to 3.80% at December 31, 2018	2,135,869		1,579,806
	$	5,804,307	$	5,051,408

(1) Includes zero and $162.8 million in servicing deposits related to discontinued operations at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. These deposits were transferred to the MSR buyers concurrent with the transfer of the loan servicing.

Interest expense on deposits was as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018

NOW accounts	$	371	$	416	$	1,140	$	1,286
Statement savings accounts	121		197		407		643
Money market accounts	7,129		4,481		19,822		12,003
Certificates of deposit	12,972		6,192		30,476		14,704
	$	20,593	$	11,286	$	51,845	$	28,636

(1) Includes $91 thousand in interest expense on deposits related to discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The weighted-average interest rates on certificates of deposit were 2.27% and 1.87% at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Certificates of deposit outstanding mature as follows.



(in thousands)	At September 30, 2019

Within one year	$	1,737,262
One to two years	309,166
Two to three years	57,857
Three to four years	16,065
Four to five years	15,485
Thereafter	34
	$	2,135,869

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than $250 thousand at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $231.2 million and $85.3 million, respectively. There were $739.0 million and $786.1 million of brokered deposits at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

NOTE 6–DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES:

To reduce the risk of significant interest rate fluctuations on the value of certain assets and liabilities, such as certain mortgage loans held for sale or MSRs, the Company utilizes derivatives, such as forward sale commitments, futures, option contracts, interest rate swaps and interest rate swaptions as risk management instruments in its hedging strategy. Derivative transactions

are measured in terms of notional amount, which is not recorded in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The notional amount is generally not exchanged and is used as the basis for interest and other contractual payments.

We held no derivatives designated as a fair value, cash flow or foreign currency hedge instrument at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. Derivatives are reported at their respective fair values in the other assets or accounts payable and other liabilities line items on the consolidated statements of financial condition, with changes in fair value reflected in current period earnings.

As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Company nets derivative assets and liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between the Company and the derivative counterparty, which are documented under industry standard master agreements and credit support annexes. The Company's master netting agreements provide that following an uncured payment default or other event of default, the non-defaulting party may promptly terminate all transactions between the parties and determine a net amount due to be paid to, or by, the defaulting party. An event of default may also occur under a credit support annex if a party fails to make a collateral delivery (which remains uncured following applicable notice and grace periods). The Company's right of offset requires that master netting agreements are legally enforceable and that the exercise of rights by the non-defaulting party under these agreements will not be stayed or avoided under applicable law upon an event of default, including bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding.

The collateral used under the Company's master netting agreements is typically cash, but securities may be used under agreements with certain counterparties. Receivables related to cash collateral that has been paid to counterparties is included in other assets on the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition. Any securities pledged to counterparties as collateral remain on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Refer to Note 3, Investment Securities, for further information on securities collateral pledged. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not hold any collateral received from counterparties under derivative transactions.

In addition, the Company periodically enters into certain commercial loan interest rate swap agreements in order to provide commercial loan customers the ability to convert from variable to fixed interest rates. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable-rate loan agreement with a customer in addition to a swap agreement. This swap agreement effectively converts the customer’s variable rate loan into a fixed rate. The Company then enters into a corresponding swap agreement with a third-party in order to offset its exposure on the variable and fixed components of the customer loan agreement. As the interest rate swap agreements with the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the FASB ASC, the instruments are marked to market in earnings. The notional amount of open interest rate swap agreements at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $77.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were $115 thousand and $149 thousand, respectively, mark-to-market loss recorded to “Other” noninterest income in our consolidated statements of operations. The Company had no similar activity in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

For further information on the policies that govern derivative and hedging activities, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 11, Derivatives and Hedging Activities, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The notional amounts and fair values for derivatives consist of the following.



	At September 30, 2019
	Notional amount		Fair value derivatives
(in thousands)			Asset			Liability

Forward sale commitments	$	1,509,784	$	3,026		$	(2,180	)
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments	287,806		4,239			(203		)
Interest rate swaps	633,387		36,563			(14,568		)
Eurodollar futures	1,661,000		24			—
Total derivatives before netting	$	4,091,977	43,852			(16,951		)
Netting adjustment/Cash collateral ⁽¹⁾			(14,981		)	16,532
Carrying value on consolidated statements of financial condition ⁽²⁾			$	28,871		$	(419	)



	At December 31, 2018
	Notional amount		Fair value derivatives
(in thousands)			Asset			Liability

Forward sale commitments	$	1,334,947	$	3,025		$	(5,340	)
Interest rate swaptions	34,000		203			—
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments	390,558		10,289			(5		)
Interest rate swaps	803,652		14,566			(11,549		)
Eurodollar futures	3,135,000		—			(110		)
Total derivatives before netting	$	5,698,157	28,083			(17,004		)
Netting adjustment/Cash collateral ⁽¹⁾			(8,329		)	12,517
Carrying value on consolidated statements of financial condition⁽²⁾			$	19,754		$	(4,487	)


(1)	Includes cash collateral of $1.6 million and $4.2 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as part of netting adjustments which primarily consists of collateral transferred by the Company at the initiation of derivative transactions and held by the counterparty as security.


(2)	Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

The following tables present gross and net information about derivative instruments.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Gross fair value			Netting adjustments/ Cash collateral ⁽¹⁾			Carrying value			Securities not offset in consolidated balance sheet (disclosure-only netting)		Net amount

Derivative assets	$	43,852		$	(14,981	)	$	28,871		$	—	$	28,871
Derivative liabilities	(16,951		)	16,532			(419		)	—		(419		)



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Gross fair value			Netting adjustments/ Cash collateral ⁽¹⁾			Carrying value			Securities not offset in consolidated balance sheet (disclosure-only netting)		Net amount

Derivative assets	$	28,083		$	(8,329	)	$	19,754		$	—	$	19,754
Derivative liabilities	(17,004		)	12,517			(4,487		)	3,223		(1,264		)


(1)	Includes cash collateral of $1.6 million and $4.2 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, as part of the netting adjustments which primarily consists of collateral transferred by the Company at the initiation of derivative transactions and held by the counterparty as security.

The following table presents the net gain (loss) recognized on derivatives, including economic hedge derivatives, within the respective line items in the statement of operations for the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

Recognized in noninterest income:⁽¹⁾
Net (loss) gain on loan origination and sale activities ⁽²⁾	$	(6,884	)	$	(4,760	)	$	(17,983	)	$	12,322
Loan servicing income (loss) ⁽³⁾	9,040			(9,446		)	19,917			(52,611		)
Other ⁽⁴⁾	115			—			149			—
	$	2,271		$	(14,206	)	$	2,083		$	(40,289	)


(1)	Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.


(2)	Comprised of interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") and forward contracts used as an economic hedge of IRLCs and single family mortgage loans held for sale.


(3)	Comprised of interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, futures and forward contracts used as an economic hedge of single family MSRs.


(4)	Comprised of interest rate swaps used as an economic hedge of loans held for investment.

NOTE 7–MORTGAGE BANKING OPERATIONS:

Loans held for sale consisted of the following.



(in thousands)	At September 30, 2019		At December 31, 2018

Commercial	$	85,240	$	25,139
Single family ⁽¹⁾	158,931		321,868
Total loans held for sale	$	244,171	$	347,007


(1)	Includes loans from discontinued operations of $71.2 million and $269.7 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Loans sold proceeds consisted of the following.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Commercial	$	270,484	$	157,868	$	586,217	$	367,429
Single family ⁽¹⁾	893,959		1,724,697		3,352,872		5,043,769
Total loans sold ⁽²⁾	$	1,164,443	$	1,882,565	$	3,939,089	$	5,411,198

(1) Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

(2) Includes loans originated as held for investment.

Gain on loan origination and sale activities, including the effects of derivative risk management instruments, consisted of the following.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Commercial	$	6,693	$	4,236	$	12,179	$	8,481
Single family ⁽¹⁾	9,628		40,335		78,612		141,458
Gain on loan origination and sale activities ⁽²⁾	$	16,321	$	44,571	$	90,791	$	149,939

(1) Includes $370 thousand and $40.4 million from discontinued operations for three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $60.1 million and $142.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(2) Includes loans originated as held for investment.

The Company's portfolio of loans serviced for others is primarily comprised of loans held in U.S. government and agency MBS issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. Loans serviced for others are not included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as they are not assets of the Company.

The composition of loans serviced for others that contribute to loan servicing income is presented below at the unpaid principal balance.



(in thousands)	At September 30, 2019		At December 31, 2018

Commercial	$	1,576,714	$	1,542,477
Single family ⁽¹⁾	7,014,265		20,151,735
Total loans serviced for others	$	8,590,979	$	21,694,212


(1)	Includes both continuing and discontinued operations at December 31, 2018.

The Company has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The Company may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify loan purchasers due to defects in the origination process of the loan, such as documentation errors, underwriting errors and judgments, appraisal errors, early payment defaults and fraud. For further information on the Company's mortgage repurchase liability, see Note 8, Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The following is a summary of changes in the Company's liability for estimated mortgage repurchase losses.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

Balance, beginning of period	$	3,237		$	2,504		$	3,120		$	3,015
Additions, net of adjustments ⁽¹⁾	(22		)	643			482			1,248
Realized losses ⁽²⁾	(28		)	(273		)	(415		)	(1,389		)
Balance, end of period	$	3,187		$	2,874		$	3,187		$	2,874


(1)	Includes additions for new loan sales and changes in estimated probable future repurchase losses on previously sold loans.


(2)	Includes principal losses and accrued interest on repurchased loans, "make-whole" settlements, settlements with claimants and certain related expense.

The Company has agreements with certain investors to advance scheduled principal and interest amounts on delinquent loans. Advances are also made to fund the foreclosure and collection costs of delinquent loans prior to the recovery of reimbursable amounts from investors or borrowers. Advances of $3.0 million and $2.5 million were recorded in other assets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

When the Company has the unilateral right to repurchase Ginnie Mae pool loans it has previously sold (generally loans that are more than 90 days past due), the Company records the loan on its consolidated statement of financial condition. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, delinquent or defaulted mortgage loans currently in Ginnie Mae pools that the Company has recognized on its consolidated statements of financial condition totaled $11.2 million and $37.7 million, respectively, with a corresponding offsetting amount recorded within accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The recognition of previously sold loans does not impact the accounting for the previously recognized MSRs.

Revenue from mortgage servicing, including the effects of derivative risk management instruments, consisted of the following.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

Servicing income, net:
Servicing fees and other	$	7,454		$	15,046		$	30,877		$	51,882
Changes in fair value of single family MSRs due to modeled amortization ⁽¹⁾	(4,489		)	(8,300		)	(16,894		)	(26,570		)
Amortization of multifamily and SBA MSRs	(1,315		)	(1,034		)	(3,793		)	(3,147		)
	1,650			5,712			10,190			22,165
Risk management, single family MSRs:
Changes in fair value of MSRs due to changes in market inputs and/or model updates ⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	(7,501		)	11,562			(22,193		)	52,880
Net gain (loss) from derivatives economically hedging MSR	9,040			(9,446		)	19,917			(52,611		)
	1,539			2,116			(2,276		)	269
Loan servicing income ⁽⁴⁾	$	3,189		$	7,828		$	7,914		$	22,434


(1)	Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.


(2)	Principally reflects changes in market inputs, which include current market interest rates and prepayment model updates, both of which affect future prepayment speed and cash flow projections.


(3)	Includes pre-tax income of $333 thousand and pre-tax loss of $941 thousand, net of transaction costs, brokerage fees and prepayment reserves, resulting from the sales of single family MSRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and pre-tax income of $573 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.


(4)	Includes $502 thousand and $6.9 million from discontinued operations for three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and $2.0 million and $19.6 million for the nine months ended 2019 and 2018, respectively.

All MSRs are initially measured and recorded at fair value at the time loans are sold. Single family MSRs are subsequently carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in earnings in the periods in which the changes occur, while multifamily and SBA MSRs are subsequently carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

The fair value of MSRs is determined based on the price that would be received to sell the MSRs in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company determines fair value using a valuation model that calculates the net present value of estimated future cash flows. Estimates of future cash flows include contractual servicing fees, ancillary income and costs of servicing, the timing of which are impacted by assumptions, primarily expected prepayment speeds and discount rates, which relate to the underlying performance of the loans.

The initial fair value measurement of MSRs is adjusted up or down depending on whether the underlying loan pool interest rate is at a premium, discount or par. Key economic assumptions used in measuring the initial fair value of capitalized single family MSRs were as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(rates per annum)⁽¹⁾	2019		2018		2019		2018

Constant prepayment rate ("CPR")⁽²⁾	18.86	%	17.19	%	18.82	%	15.54	%
Discount rate⁽³⁾	8.96	%	10.29	%	9.39	%	10.27	%


(1)	Weighted average rates for sales during the period for sales of loans with similar characteristics.


(2)	Represents the expected lifetime average.


(3)	Discount rate is a rate based on market observations.

Key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value for single family MSRs to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions were as follows.



(dollars in thousands)	At September 30, 2019

Fair value of single family MSR	$	61,823
Expected weighted-average life (in years)	4.05
Constant prepayment rate ⁽¹⁾	20.50		%
Impact on fair value of 25 basis points adverse change in interest rates	$	(4,234	)
Impact on fair value of 50 basis points adverse change in interest rates	$	(7,956	)
Discount rate	9.00		%
Impact on fair value of 100 basis points increase	$	(1,718	)
Impact on fair value of 200 basis points increase	$	(3,331	)


(1)	Represents the expected lifetime average.

These sensitivities are hypothetical and subject to key assumptions of the underlying valuation model. As the table above demonstrates, the Company's methodology for estimating the fair value of MSRs is highly sensitive to changes in key assumptions. For example, actual prepayment experience may differ and any difference may have a material effect on MSR fair value. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may be associated with changes in another (for example, decreases in market interest rates may provide an incentive to refinance; however, this may also indicate a slowing economy and an increase in the unemployment rate, which reduces the number of borrowers who qualify for refinancing), which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Thus, any measurement of MSR fair value is limited by the conditions existing and assumptions made as of a particular point in time. Those assumptions may not be appropriate if they are applied to a different point in time.

In March 2019, the Company successfully closed and settled two sales of the rights to service an aggregate of $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balance of single family mortgage loans serviced for Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac representing 71% of HomeStreet's total single family mortgage loans serviced for others portfolio as of December 31, 2018. These sales resulted in a $941 thousand pre-tax loss from discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30,

2019. The Company completed the servicing transfer for a portion of these loans in the second quarter and then finalized the transfer of the remainder in the third quarter of 2019.

The changes in single family MSRs measured at fair value are as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

Beginning balance	$	67,723		$	245,744		$	252,168		$	258,560
Additions and amortization:
Originations	6,422			14,525			23,893			45,551
Sale of single family MSRs	—			(12		)	(176,944		)	(66,902		)
Changes due to modeled amortization ⁽¹⁾	(4,489		)	(8,300		)	(16,894		)	(26,570		)
Net additions and amortization	1,933			6,213			(169,945		)	(47,921		)
Changes in fair value of MSRs due to changes in market inputs and/or model updates ⁽²⁾	(7,833		)	11,665			(20,400		)	52,983
Ending balance	$	61,823		$	263,622		$	61,823		$	263,622


(1)	Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.


(2)	Principally reflects changes in market inputs, which include current market interest rates and prepayment model updates, both of which affect future prepayment speed and cash flow projections.

MSRs resulting from the sale of multifamily loans are recorded at fair value and subsequently carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Multifamily MSRs are amortized in proportion to, and over, the estimated period the net servicing income will be collected.

The changes in multifamily MSRs measured at the lower of amortized cost or fair value were as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

Beginning balance	$	27,227		$	26,460		$	28,326		$	26,093
Origination	2,770			2,657			3,931			5,000
Amortization	(1,196		)	(981		)	(3,456		)	(2,957		)
Ending balance	$	28,801		$	28,136		$	28,801		$	28,136

At September 30, 2019, the expected weighted-average remaining life of the Company's multifamily MSRs was 10.59 years. Projected amortization expense for the gross carrying value of multifamily MSRs is estimated as follows.



(in thousands)	At September 30, 2019

Remainder of 2019	$	1,028
2020	4,068
2021	3,953
2022	3,734
2023	3,516
2024	3,241
2025 and thereafter	9,261
Carrying value of multifamily MSR	$	28,801

NOTE 8–COMMITMENTS, GUARANTEES AND CONTINGENCIES:

Commitments

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers in accordance with predetermined contractual provisions. These commitments may be for specific periods or contain termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee by the borrower. The total amount of unused commitments does not necessarily represent future credit exposure or cash requirements in that commitments may expire without being drawn upon.

The Company makes certain unfunded loan commitments as part of its lending activities that have not been recognized in the Company's financial statements. These include commitments to extend credit made as part of the Company's lending activities on loans the Company intends to hold in its held for investment portfolio. The aggregate amount of these unrecognized unfunded loan commitments existing at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $36.7 million and $33.8 million, respectively.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company extends secured and unsecured open-end loans to meet the financing needs of its customers. Undistributed construction loan commitments, where the Company has an obligation to advance funds for construction progress payments, were $400.7 million and $607.2 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Unused home equity and commercial banking funding lines totaled $750.4 million and $662.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses on loan commitments, included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition, of $1.2 million and $1.4 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Guarantees

In the ordinary course of business, the Company sells and services loans through the Fannie Mae Multifamily DUS^® program and shares in the risk of loss with Fannie Mae under the terms of the DUS^® contracts (pari passu loss sharing agreement). Under such agreements, the Company and Fannie Mae share losses on a pro rata basis, where the Company is responsible for losses incurred up to one-third of principal balance on each loan and with two-thirds of the loss covered by Fannie Mae. For loans that have been sold through this program, a liability is recorded for this loss sharing arrangement under the accounting guidance for guarantees. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total unpaid principal balance of loans sold under this program was $1.50 billion and $1.46 billion, respectively. The Company's reserve liability related to this arrangement totaled $2.6 million and $2.5 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. There were no actual losses incurred under this arrangement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Mortgage Repurchase Liability

In the ordinary course of business, the Company sells residential mortgage loans to GSEs and other entities. In addition, the Company pools FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed mortgage loans into Ginnie Mae Securities guaranteed mortgage-backed securities. The Company has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The Company may be required to repurchase mortgage loans or indemnify loan purchasers due to defects in the origination process of the loan, such as documentation errors, underwriting errors and judgments, early payment defaults and fraud.

These obligations expose the Company to mark-to-market and credit losses on the repurchased mortgage loans after accounting for any mortgage insurance that we may receive. Generally, the maximum amount of future payments the Company would be required to make for breaches of these representations and warranties would be equal to the unpaid principal balance of such loans that are deemed to have defects that were sold to purchasers plus, in certain circumstances, accrued and unpaid interest on such loans and certain expenses.

The Company does not typically receive repurchase requests from the FHA or VA. As an originator of FHA-insured or VA-guaranteed loans, the Company is responsible for obtaining the insurance with FHA or the guarantee with the VA. If loans are later found not to meet the requirements of FHA or VA, through required internal quality control reviews or through agency audits, the Company may be required to indemnify FHA or VA against losses. The loans remain in Ginnie Mae pools unless and until they are repurchased by the Company. In general, once an FHA or VA loan becomes 90 days past due, the Company repurchases the FHA or VA residential mortgage loan to minimize the cost of interest advances on the loan. If the loan is cured through borrower efforts or through loss mitigation activities, the loan may be resold into another Ginnie Mae pool. The Company's liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses incorporates probable losses associated with such indemnification.

The total unpaid principal balance of loans sold on a servicing-retained basis that were subject to the terms and conditions of these representations and warranties totaled $7.09 billion and $20.24 billion as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had recorded a mortgage repurchase liability for loans sold on a servicing-retained and servicing-released basis, included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition, of $3.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company may have various legal claims and other similar contingent matters outstanding for which a loss may be realized. For these claims, the Company establishes a liability for contingent losses when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. For claims determined to be reasonably possible but not probable of resulting in a loss, there may be a range of possible losses in excess of the established liability. At September 30, 2019, we reviewed our legal claims and determined that there were no material claims that were considered to be probable or reasonably possible of resulting in a material loss. As a result, the Company did not have any material amounts reserved for legal claims as of September 30, 2019.

NOTE 9–FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT:

For a further discussion of fair value measurements, including information regarding the Company's valuation methodologies and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 18, Fair Value Measurement within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Valuation Processes

The Company has various processes and controls in place to ensure that fair value measurements are reasonably estimated. The Finance Committee of the Board provides oversight and approves the Company's Asset/Liability Management Policy ("ALMP"). The Company's ALMP governs, among other things, the application and control of the valuation models used to measure fair value. On a quarterly basis, the Company's Asset/Liability Management Committee ("ALCO") and the Finance Committee of the Board review significant modeling variables used to measure the fair value of the Company's financial instruments, including the significant inputs used in the valuation of single family MSRs. Additionally, ALCO periodically obtains an independent review of the MSR valuation process and procedures, including a review of the model architecture and the valuation assumptions. The Company obtains an MSR valuation from an independent valuation firm monthly to assist with the validation of the fair value estimate and the reasonableness of the assumptions used in measuring fair value.

The Company's real estate valuations are overseen by the Company's appraisal department, which is independent of the Company's lending and credit administration functions. The appraisal department maintains the Company's appraisal policy and recommends changes to the policy subject to approval by the Company's Loan Committee and the Credit Committee of the Board. The Company's appraisals are prepared by independent third-party appraisers and the Company's internal appraisers. Single family appraisals are generally reviewed by the Company's single family loan underwriters. Single family appraisals with unusual, higher risk or complex characteristics, as well as commercial real estate appraisals, are reviewed by the Company's appraisal department.

We obtain pricing from third party service providers for determining the fair value of a substantial portion of our investment securities available for sale. We have processes in place to evaluate such third party pricing services to ensure information obtained and valuation techniques used are appropriate. For fair value measurements obtained from third party services, we monitor and review the results to ensure the values are reasonable and in line with market experience for similar classes of securities. While the inputs used by the pricing vendor in determining fair value are not provided, and therefore unavailable for our review, we do perform certain procedures to validate the values received, including comparisons to other sources of valuation (if available), comparisons to other independent market data and a variance analysis of prices by Company personnel that are not responsible for the performance of the investment securities.

Estimation of Fair Value

Fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available. In cases where a quoted price for an asset or liability is not available, the Company uses valuation models to estimate fair value. These models incorporate inputs such as forward yield curves, loan prepayment assumptions, expected loss assumptions, market volatilities, and pricing spreads utilizing market-based inputs where readily available. The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those that would be used by other market participants. However, imprecision in estimating unobservable inputs and other factors may result in these fair value measurements not reflecting the amount realized in an actual sale or transfer of the asset or liability in a current market exchange.

The following table summarizes the fair value measurement methodologies, including significant inputs and assumptions, and classification of the Company's assets and liabilities.



Asset/Liability class	Valuation methodology, inputs and assumptions	Classification
Investment securities
Investment securities available for sale	Observable market prices of identical or similar securities are used where available.	Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
	If market prices are not readily available, value is based on discounted cash flows using the following significant inputs: • Expected prepayment speeds • Estimated credit losses • Market liquidity adjustments	Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.
Loans held for sale
Single family loans, excluding loans transferred from held for investment	Fair value is based on observable market data, including: • Quoted market prices, where available • Dealer quotes for similar loans • Forward sale commitments	Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
	When not derived from observable market inputs, fair value is based on discounted cash flows, which considers the following inputs: • Benchmark yield curve • Estimated discount spread to the benchmark yield curve • Expected prepayment speeds	Estimated fair value classified as Level 3.
Mortgage servicing rights
Single family MSRs	For information on how the Company measures the fair value of its single family MSRs, including key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of fair value to changes in those assumptions, see Note 7, Mortgage Banking Operations.	Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.
Derivatives
Eurodollar futures	Fair value is based on closing exchange prices.	Level 1 recurring fair value measurement.
Interest rate swaps Interest rate swaptions Forward sale commitments	Fair value is based on quoted prices for identical or similar instruments, when available. When quoted prices are not available, fair value is based on internally developed modeling techniques, which require the use of multiple observable market inputs including: • Forward interest rates • Interest rate volatilities	Level 2 recurring fair value measurement.
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments	The fair value considers several factors including: • Fair value of the underlying loan based on quoted prices in the secondary market, when available. • Value of servicing • Fall-out factor	Level 3 recurring fair value measurement.

The following table presents the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



(in thousands)	Fair Value at September 30, 2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets:
Investment securities available for sale
Mortgage backed securities:
Residential	$	109,581	$	—	$	107,647	$	1,934
Commercial	29,836		—		29,836		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	187,989		—		187,989		—
Commercial	109,543		—		109,543		—
Municipal bonds	380,094		—		380,094		—
Corporate debt securities	18,768		—		18,678		90
U.S. Treasury securities	1,308		—		1,308		—
Agency debentures	25,220		—		25,220		—
Single family loans held for sale ⁽¹⁾	158,931		—		152,854		6,077
Single family loans held for investment	5,295		—		—		5,295
Single family mortgage servicing rights	61,823		—		—		61,823
Derivatives ⁽¹⁾
Eurodollar futures	24		24		—		—
Forward sale commitments	3,026		—		3,026		—
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments	4,239		—		—		4,239
Interest rate swaps	36,563		—		36,563		—
Total assets	$	1,132,240	$	24	$	1,052,758	$	79,458
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Forward sale commitments	$	2,180	$	—	2,180		$	—
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments	203		—		—		203
Interest rate swaps	14,568		—		14,568		—
Total liabilities	$	16,951	$	—	$	16,748	$	203

(1) Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.



(in thousands)	Fair Value at December 31, 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets:
Investment securities available for sale
Mortgage backed securities:
Residential	$	107,961	$	—	$	107,961	$	—
Commercial	34,514		—		34,514		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	166,744		—		166,744		—
Commercial	116,674		—		116,674		—
Municipal bonds	385,655		—		385,655		—
Corporate debt securities	19,995		—		19,995		—
U.S. Treasury securities	10,900		—		10,900		—
Agency debentures	9,525		—		9,525		—
Single family loans held for sale ⁽¹⁾	321,868		—		319,177		2,691
Single family loans held for investment	4,057		—		—		4,057
Single family mortgage servicing rights	252,168		—		—		252,168
Derivatives
Forward sale commitments	3,025		—		3,025		—
Interest rate swaptions	203		—		203		—
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments	10,289		—		—		10,289
Interest rate swaps	14,566		—		14,566		—
Total assets	$	1,458,144	$	—	$	1,188,939	$	269,205
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Eurodollar futures	$	110	$	110	$	—	$	—
Forward sale commitments	5,340		—		5,340		—
Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments	5		—		—		5
Interest rate swaps	11,550		—		11,550		—
Total liabilities	$	17,005	$	110	$	16,890	$	5

(1) Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company's Level 3 recurring fair value measurements consist of investment securities available for sale, single family MSRs, single family loans held for investment where fair value option was elected, certain single family loans held for sale, and interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments, which are accounted for as derivatives. For information regarding fair value changes and activity for single family MSRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, see Note 7, Mortgage Banking Operations of this Form 10-Q.

The fair value of interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") considers several factors, including the fair value in the secondary market of the underlying loan resulting from the exercise of the commitment, the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan (referred to as the value of servicing) and the probability that the commitment will not be converted into a funded loan (referred to as a fall-out factor). The fair value of IRLCs on loans held for sale, while based on interest rates observable in the market, is highly dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. The significance of the fall-out factor to the fair value measurement of an individual IRLC is generally highest at the time that the rate lock is initiated and declines as closing procedures are performed and the underlying loan gets closer to funding. The fall-out factor applied is based on historical experience. The value of servicing is impacted by a variety of factors, including prepayment assumptions, discount rates, delinquency rates, contractually specified servicing fees, servicing costs, and underlying portfolio characteristics. Because these inputs are not

observable in market trades, the fall-out factor and value of servicing are considered to be level 3 inputs. The fair value of IRLCs decreases in value upon an increase in the fall-out factor and increases in value upon an increase in the value of servicing. Changes in the fall-out factor and value of servicing do not increase or decrease based on movements in other significant unobservable inputs.

The Company recognizes unrealized gains and losses from the time that an IRLC is initiated until the gain or loss is realized at the time the loan closes, which generally occurs within 30-90 days. For IRLCs that fall out, any unrealized gain or loss is reversed, which generally occurs at the end of the commitment period. The gains and losses recognized on IRLC derivatives generally correlates to volume of single family interest rate lock commitments made during the reporting period (after adjusting for estimated fallout) while the amount of unrealized gains and losses realized at settlement generally correlates to the volume of single family closed loans during the reporting period.

The Company uses the discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of certain loans that have been transferred from held for sale to held for investment and single family loans held for sale when the fair value of the loans is not derived using observable market inputs. The key assumption in the valuation model is the implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve. The implied spread is not directly observable in the market and is derived from third party pricing which is based on market information from comparable loan pools. The fair value estimate of these certain single family loans that have been transferred from held for sale to held for investment and these certain single family loans held for sale is sensitive to changes in the benchmark interest rate which might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

The Company transferred certain loans from held for sale to held for investment. These loans were originated as held for sale loans where the Company had elected fair value option. The Company determined these loans to be level 3 recurring assets as the valuation technique included a significant unobservable input. The total amount of held for investment loans where fair value option election was made was $5.3 million and $4.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of certain investment securities available for sale.

(dollars in thousands)

At September 30, 2019

Fair Value

Valuation

Technique

Significant Unobservable

Input

Low

High

Weighted Average

Investment securities available for sale ⁽¹⁾

2,024

Income approach

Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve

2.00%


(1)	In conjunction with adopting ASU 2017-12 in the first quarter of 2019, we transferred $66.2 million HTM securities to AFS, therefore we did not have a similar balance at December 31, 2018.

The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of single family loans held for investment where fair value option was elected.

(dollars in thousands)

At September 30, 2019

Fair Value

Valuation

Technique

Significant Unobservable

Input

Low

High

Weighted Average

Loans held for investment, fair value option

5,295

Income approach

Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve

4.34%

7.01%

5.30%

(dollars in thousands)

At December 31, 2018

Fair Value

Valuation

Technique

Significant Unobservable

Input

Low

High

Weighted Average

Loans held for investment, fair value option

4,057

Income approach

Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve

3.34%

5.15%

4.20%

The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of certain single family loans held for sale where fair value option was elected.

(dollars in thousands)

At September 30, 2019

Fair Value

Valuation

Technique

Significant Unobservable

Input

Low

High

Weighted Average

Loans held for sale, fair value option

6,077

Income approach

Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve

5.71%

6.71%

6.07%

Market price movement from comparable bond

(0.10)%

(0.08)%

(0.09)%

(dollars in thousands)

At December 31, 2018

Fair Value

Valuation

Technique

Significant Unobservable

Input

Low

High

Weighted Average

Loans held for sale, fair value option

2,691

Income approach

Implied spread to benchmark interest rate curve

4.26%

4.96%

4.40%

Market price movement from comparable bond

0.71%

1.09%

0.90%

The following information presents significant Level 3 unobservable inputs used to measure fair value of interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments.

(dollars in thousands)

At September 30, 2019

Fair Value

Valuation

Technique

Significant Unobservable

Input

Low

High

Weighted Average

Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments, net

4,036

Income approach

Fall-out factor

—%

63.68%

12.62%

Value of servicing

0.51%

1.62%

1.12%

(dollars in thousands)

At December 31, 2018

Fair Value

Valuation

Technique

Significant Unobservable

Input

Low

High

Weighted Average

Interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments, net

10,284

Income approach

Fall-out factor

—%

67.92%

19.84%

Value of servicing

0.54%

1.64%

0.93%

The following table present fair value changes and activity for Level 3 investment securities available for sale.



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Beginning balance		Additions		Transfers		Payoffs/Sales			Change in mark to market		Ending balance
(in thousands)

Investment securities available for sale	$	1,981	$	—	$	—	$	(40	)	$	83	$	2,024



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Beginning balance		Additions		Transfers		Payoffs/Sales			Change in mark to market			Ending balance
(in thousands)

Investment securities available for sale	$	—	$	—	$	2,379	$	(120	)	$	(235	)	$	2,024

The following tables present fair value changes and activity for Level 3 loans held for sale and loans held for investment.



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Beginning balance		Additions		Transfers		Payoffs/Sales			Change in mark to market			Ending balance
(in thousands)

Loans held for sale	$	4,427	$	2,393	$	—	$	(686	)	$	(57	)	$	6,077
Loans held for investment	4,475		789		—		—			31			5,295



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Beginning balance		Additions		Transfers		Payoffs/Sales			Change in mark to market			Ending balance
(in thousands)

Loans held for sale	$	1,823	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	(30	)	$	1,793
Loans held for investment	4,178		—		—		(2		)	(86		)	4,090



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Beginning balance		Additions		Transfers		Payoffs/Sales			Change in mark to market			Ending balance
(in thousands)

Loans held for sale	$	2,691	$	5,060	$	—	$	(1,595	)	$	(79	)	$	6,077
Loans held for investment	4,057		1,788		—		(606		)	56			5,295



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Beginning balance		Additions		Transfers		Payoffs/Sales			Change in mark to market			Ending balance
(in thousands)

Loans held for sale	$	1,336	$	2,601	$	—	$	(1,998	)	$	(146	)	$	1,793
Loans held for investment	5,477		—		—		(1,116		)	(271		)	4,090

The following table presents fair value changes and activity for Level 3 interest rate lock and purchase loan commitments.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

Beginning balance, net	$	8,624		$	16,866		$	10,284		$	12,925
Total realized/unrealized gains	1,243			26,527			34,655			77,607
Settlements	(5,831		)	(32,996		)	(40,903		)	(80,135		)
Ending balance, net	$	4,036		$	10,397		$	4,036		$	10,397

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets held by the Company are not included in the tables above, but are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets include certain loans held for investment and other real estate owned that are carried at the lower of cost or fair value of the underlying collateral, less the estimated cost to sell. The estimated fair values of real estate collateral are generally based on internal evaluations and appraisals of such collateral, which use the market approach and income approach methodologies. All impaired loans are subject to an internal evaluation completed quarterly by management as part of the allowance process.

The fair value of commercial properties are generally based on third-party appraisals that consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income-generating characteristics, adjusted (generally based on unobservable inputs) to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. The Company uses a fair value of collateral technique to apply adjustments to the appraisal value of certain commercial loans held for investment that are collateralized by real estate.

The Company uses a fair value of collateral technique to apply adjustments to the stated value of certain commercial loans held for investment that are not collateralized by real estate. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not apply any adjustment to the appraisal value of OREO.

Residential properties are generally based on unadjusted third-party appraisals. Factors considered in determining the fair value include geographic sales trends, the value of comparable surrounding properties as well as the condition of the property.

These adjustments include management assumptions that are based on the type of collateral dependent loan and may increase or decrease an appraised value. Management adjustments vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each individual property. The quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period-to-period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of the unobservable inputs used. Given these variations, changes in these unobservable inputs are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period.

The following tables present assets that had changes in their recorded fair value during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and assets held at the end of the respective reporting period.



	At or for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Fair Value of Assets Held at September 30, 2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Gains (Losses)

Loans held for investment ⁽¹⁾	$	266	$	—	$	—	$	266	$	(2	)
Total	$	266	$	—	$	—	$	266	$	(2	)



	At or for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Fair Value of Assets Held at September 30, 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Gains (Losses)

Loans held for investment ⁽¹⁾	$	1,213	$	—	$	—	1,213		$	(68	)
Total	$	1,213	$	—	$	—	$	1,213	$	(68	)



	At or for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Fair Value of Assets Held at September 30, 2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Gains (Losses)

Loans held for investment ⁽¹⁾	$	266	$	—	$	—	$	266	$	(2	)
Total	$	266	$	—	$	—	$	266	$	(2	)



	At or for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Fair Value of Assets Held at September 30, 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Gains (Losses)

Loans held for investment ⁽¹⁾	$	1,213	$	—	$	—	$	1,213	$	(212	)
Total	$	1,213	$	—	$	—	$	1,213	$	(212	)

(1) Represents the carrying value of loans for which adjustments are based on the fair value of the collateral.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following presents the carrying value, estimated fair value and the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the Company's financial instruments other than assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	74,788	$	74,788	$	74,788	$	—	$	—
Investment securities held to maturity	4,397		4,513		—		4,513		—
Loans held for investment	5,133,813		5,285,639		—		—		5,285,639
Loans held for sale – multifamily and other	85,240		85,240		—		85,240		—
Mortgage servicing rights – multifamily	28,801		31,903		—		—		31,903
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	8,764		8,764		—		8,764		—
Liabilities:
Time deposits	$	2,135,869	$	2,146,696	$	—	$	2,146,696	$	—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	5,590		7,013		—		7,013		—
Long-term debt	125,603		115,447		—		115,447		—



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57,982	$	57,982	$	57,982	$	—	$	—
Investment securities held to maturity	71,285		70,546		—		70,546		—
Loans held for investment	5,071,314		5,099,960		—		—		5,099,960
Loans held for sale – multifamily and other	25,139		25,139		—		25,139		—
Mortgage servicing rights – multifamily	28,326		31,168		—		—		31,168
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	45,497		45,497		—		45,497		—
Liabilities:
Time deposits	$	1,579,806	$	1,575,139	$	—	$	1,575,139	$	—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	932,590		935,021		—		935,021		—
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	19,000		19,021		19,021		—		—
Long-term debt	125,462		112,475		—		112,475		—

NOTE 10–EARNINGS PER SHARE:

The following table summarizes the calculation of earnings per share.



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	2019			2018		2019			2018

EPS numerator:
Income from continuing operations	$	13,665		$	8,089	$	27,615		$	14,014
Undistributed stock dividends share repurchase	(223		)	—		(505		)	—
Allocated undistributed earnings in share repurchase	(101		)	—		(128		)	—
Income from continuing operations available to common shareholders	13,341			8,089		26,982			14,014
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	162			3,746		(21,091		)	10,786
Net income available to common shareholders	$	13,503		$	11,835	$	5,891		$	24,800
EPS denominator:
Weighted average shares:
Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding	24,419,793			26,985,425		26,020,172			26,963,260
Dilutive effect of outstanding common stock equivalents ⁽¹⁾	206,145			196,263		184,242			202,412
Diluted weighted-average number of common stock outstanding	24,625,938			27,181,688		26,204,414			27,165,672
Basic earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.55		$	0.30	$	1.04		$	0.52
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	0.01			0.14		(0.81		)	0.40
Basic earnings per share	$	0.55		$	0.44	$	0.23		$	0.92
Diluted earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.54		$	0.30	$	1.03		$	0.52
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	0.01			0.14		(0.80		)	0.40
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.55		$	0.44	$	0.22		$	0.91

(1)

Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share (due to their antidilutive effect) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were certain stock options and unvested restricted stock issued to key senior management personnel and directors of the Company. The aggregate number of common stock equivalents related to such options and unvested restricted shares, which could potentially be dilutive in future periods, was 690 at September 30, 2019 and zero at September 30, 2018.

NOTE 11–LEASES:

We have operating and finance leases for corporate offices, commercial lending centers, retail deposit branches and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of up to 20 years, some of which include options which are reasonably certain to be extended. Leases with an initial term of less than a year are not included in the Statement of Financial Condition.

The Company, as sublessor, subleases certain office and retail space in which the terms of the subleases end by September 2024. Under all of our executed sublease arrangements, the sublessees are obligated to pay the Company sublease payments of $1.7 million during the remainder of 2019, $6.3 million in 2020, $5.3 million in 2021, $4.1 million in 2022, $2.5 million in 2023 and $1.9 million thereafter.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred $38 thousand and $3.9 million in impairment charges related to the closure of certain offices.

The components of lease expense were as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2019

Operating lease cost	$	3,464		$	11,180
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	442			1,601
Interest on lease liabilities	81			262
Short-term lease	10			16
Variable lease cost	1,132			4,934
Sublease income	(1,686		)	(2,515		)
Total lease cost	$	3,443		$	15,478

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2019

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	4,184	$	12,916
Operating cash flows from finance leases	81		262
Financing cash flows from finance leases	322		1,375
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	2,059	$	(5,306	)
Finance leases	446		(570		)

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows.



(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)	September 30, 2019

Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	92,840
Operating lease liabilities	110,727

Finance lease right-of-use assets	$	9,003
Finance lease liabilities	9,345

Weighted Average Remaining lease term in years
Operating leases	11.89
Finance leases	14.63
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	3.48		%
Finance leases	3.56		%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows.



	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Year ended December 31,
2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2019)	$	4,363	$	497
2020	16,496		1,767
2021	15,346		1,465
2022	13,331		590
2023	10,994		474
2024	9,451		400
Thereafter	69,653		7,238
Total lease payments	139,634		12,431
Less imputed interest	28,907		3,086
Total	$	110,727	$	9,345

Future minimum rental payments, prior to the adoption of the new lease guidance, for all non-cancelable leases were as follows at December 31, 2018.



(in thousands)	At December 31, 2018

2019	$	22,770
2020	20,671
2021	18,825
2022	16,418
2023	13,274
2024 and thereafter	40,717
Total minimum payments	$	132,675

NOTE 12–BUSINESS COMBINATIONS:

Recent Acquisition Activity

On March 25, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of a branch and its related deposits and loans in San Diego County, from Silvergate Bank along with its business lending team. The purchase accounting remains provisional for the valuation of the acquired loans and will be finalized later this year. The application of the acquisition method of accounting resulted in goodwill of $7.6 million.

NOTE 13–ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS):

The following table shows changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax.



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018			2019			2018

Beginning balance	$	2,707	$	(19,722	)	$	(15,439	)	$	(7,122	)
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standards⁽¹⁾	—		—			(2,080		)	—
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	5,273		(4,399		)	25,412			(16,811		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	15		4			102			(184		)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	5,288		(4,395		)	25,514			(16,995		)
Ending balance	$	7,995	$	(24,117	)	$	7,995		$	(24,117	)


(1)	Reflects the January 1, 2019 adoption of ASU 2018-02 and ASU 2017-12. For additional information see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

The following table shows the impacted line items in the consolidated statements of operations from reclassifications of unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).



Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018

(Loss) Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale	$	(19	)	$	(4	)	$	(129	)	$	234
Income tax (benefit) expense	(4		)	—			(27		)	50
Total, net of tax	$	(15	)	$	(4	)	$	(102	)	$	184

NOTE 14–REVENUE:

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("Topic 606"). We elected to implement Topic 606 using the modified retrospective application, with the cumulative effect recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings at January 1, 2018. Due to immateriality, we had no cumulative effect to record. Since net interest income on financial assets and liabilities is excluded from this guidance, a significant majority of our revenues are not subject to the new guidance.

Our revenue streams that fall within the scope of Topic 606 are presented within noninterest income and are, in general, recognized as revenue as we satisfy our obligation to the customer. Most of the Company's contracts that fall within the scope of this guidance are contracts with customers that are cancelable by either party without penalty and are short-term in nature. These revenues include depositor and other retail and business banking fees, commission income, credit card fees and sales of other real estate owned. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, in scope revenue streams were approximately 2.3% and 2.3% of our total revenues, respectively. As this standard is immaterial to our consolidated financial

statements, the Company has omitted certain disclosures in ASU 2014-09, including the disaggregation of revenue table. In-scope noninterest revenue streams are discussed below.

Depositor and other retail and business banking fees

Depositor and other retail banking fees consist of monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company's performance obligation for these fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided.

Commission Income

Commission income primarily consists of revenue received on insurance policies and monthly investment management fees earned where the Company has acted as an intermediary between customers and the insurance carriers or investment advisers.

Under Topic 606, the commissions received at the inception of the policy should be deferred and recognized over the course of the policy. The Company's performance obligation for commissions is generally satisfied, and the related revenue generally recognized, over the course of the policy or over the period in which the services are provided, typically monthly.

Credit Card Fees

The Company offers credit cards to its customers through a third party and earns a fee on each transaction and a fee for each new account activation on a net basis. Revenue is recognized on a one-month lag when cash is received for these fees which does not vary materially from recognizing revenue over the period the services are performed.

Sale of Other Real Estate Owned

A gain or loss, the difference between the cost basis of the property and its sale price, on other real estate owned is recognized when the performance obligation is met, which is at the time the property title is transferred to the buyer.

NOTE 15–RESTRUCTURING:

In the first quarter of 2019, in connection with the Board of Directors approved plan of exit or disposal of our stand-alone home loan-center based mortgage origination business and related mortgage servicing, the Company restructured certain aspects of its infrastructure and back office operations, which has resulted in certain indirect severance and other employee related costs and impairment charges related to certain facilities and information systems. Cost directly related to the plan of exit or disposal are not included in restructuring, but rather are characterized as gain or loss on disposal, for further information, see Note 2. Discontinued Operations.

In 2017, in response to changing market conditions and forecasts, we implemented restructuring plans in the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency. In June 2018, the Company implemented further restructuring in the legacy Mortgage Banking segment to further reduce operating costs and improve profitability.

Restructuring charges primarily consist of facility-related costs and severance costs and are included in the occupancy and the salaries and related costs line items on our consolidated statement of operations in the applicable periods for continuing operations and in the income (loss) from discontinued operations for the applicable periods for discontinued operations.

The following tables summarize the restructuring charges recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and the Company's net remaining liability balance at September 30, 2019 and 2018 for both continuing and discontinued operations.



	2019											2018
At and for the three months ended September 30	Facility-related costs			Personnel-related costs			Other costs		Total			Facility-related costs			Personnel- related costs			Other costs		Total
(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	1,423		$	562		$	22	$	2,007		$	4,209		$	439		$	—	$	4,648
Restructuring charges	6			168			—		174			456			15			—		471
Costs paid or otherwise settled	(173		)	(480		)	—		(653		)	(1,409		)	(400		)	—		(1,809		)
Ending balance	$	1,256		$	250		$	22	$	1,528		$	3,256		$	54		$	—	$	3,310



	2019												2018
At and for the nine months ended September 30	Facility-related costs			Personnel-related costs			Other costs			Total			Facility-related costs			Personnel- related costs			Other costs		Total
(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	1,604		$	—		$	—		$	1,604		$	1,386		$	—		$	—	$	1,386
Restructuring charges	200			1,168			147			1,515			6,619			454			—		7,073
Costs paid or otherwise settled	(548		)	(918		)	(125		)	(1,591		)	(4,749		)	(400		)	—		(5,149		)
Ending balance	$	1,256		$	250		$	22		$	1,528		$	3,256		$	54		$	—	$	3,310

NOTE 16–SUBSEQUENT EVENT:

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the time of filing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and has concluded that there are no significant events that occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to the filing of this report that would have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.


ITEM 2	MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes presented elsewhere in this report and in HomeStreet, Inc.'s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The following discussion contains certain forward-looking statements, which are statements of expectations and not statements of historical fact. Many forward-looking statements can be identified as using words such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "should," "will" and "would" and similar expressions (or the negative of these terms). Such statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond the control of the Company and are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in Item 1A of Part II, "Risk Factors," that could cause actual results to differ significantly from those projected. Although we believe that expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We undertake no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any such obligation to update, or clarify any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, new information or changes to future results over time of otherwise, except as required by law. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Except as otherwise noted, references to "we," "our," "us" or "the Company" refer to HomeStreet, Inc. and its subsidiaries that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes. Statements of knowledge, intention or belief reflect those characteristics of our executive management team based on current facts and circumstances.

You may review a copy of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including exhibits and any schedule filed therewith on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants, such as HomeStreet, Inc., that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of our Securities Exchange Act reports also are available from our investor relations website, http://ir.homestreet.com. Information contained in or linked from our websites is not incorporated into and does not constitute a part of this report.

Summary Financial Data



	At or for the Three Months Ended													At or for the Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, except share data)	Sept. 30, 2019		June 30, 2019			Mar. 31, 2019			Dec. 31, 2018			Sept. 30, 2018		Sept. 30, 2019			Sept. 30, 2018

Income statement data (for the period ended):
Net interest income	$	47,134	$	49,187		$	47,557		$	48,910		$	47,860	$	143,878		$	141,053
Provision for credit losses	—		—			1,500			500			750		1,500			2,500
Noninterest income	24,580		19,829			8,092			10,382			10,650		52,501			26,151
Noninterest expense	55,721		58,832			47,846			47,892			47,914		162,399			147,349
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	15,993		10,184			6,303			10,900			9,846		32,480			17,355
Income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations	2,328		1,292			1,245			(1,575		)	1,757		4,865			3,341
Income from continuing operations	13,665		8,892			5,058			12,475			8,089		27,615			14,014
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes	190		(16,678		)	(8,440		)	3,959			4,561		(24,928		)	13,651
Income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations	28		(2,198		)	(1,667		)	1,207			815		(3,837		)	2,865
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	162		(14,480		)	(6,773		)	2,752			3,746		(21,091		)	10,786
Net income (loss)	$	13,827	$	(5,588	)	$	(1,715	)	$	15,227		$	11,835	$	6,524		$	24,800
Basic income (loss) per common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.55	$	0.32		$	0.19		$	0.46		$	0.30	$	1.04		$	0.52
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	0.01		(0.54		)	(0.25		)	0.10			0.14		(0.81		)	0.40
Basic income (loss) per common share	$	0.55	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.06	)	$	0.56		$	0.44	$	0.23		$	0.92
Diluted income (loss) per common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.54	$	0.32		$	0.19		$	0.46		$	0.30	$	1.03		$	0.52
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	0.01		(0.54		)	(0.25		)	0.10			0.14		(0.80		)	0.40
Diluted income (loss) per common share	$	0.55	$	(0.22	)	$	(0.06	)	$	0.56		$	0.44	$	0.22		$	0.91
Common shares outstanding	24,408,513		26,085,164			27,038,257			26,995,348			26,989,742		24,408,513			26,989,742
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	24,419,793		26,619,216			27,021,507			26,993,885			26,985,425		26,020,172			26,963,260
Diluted	24,625,938		26,802,130			27,185,175			27,175,522			27,181,688		26,204,414			27,165,672
Shareholders' equity per share	$	28.32	$	27.75		$	27.63		$	27.39		$	26.48	$	28.32		$	26.48
Financial position (at period end):
Cash and cash equivalents	$	74,788	$	99,602		$	67,690		$	57,982		$	59,006	$	74,788		$	59,006
Investment securities	866,736		803,819			816,878			923,253			903,685		866,736			903,685
Loans held for sale	172,958		145,252			56,928			77,324			103,763		172,958			103,763
Loans held for investment, net	5,139,108		5,287,859			5,345,969			5,075,371			5,026,301		5,139,108			5,026,301
Loan servicing rights	90,624		94,950			95,942			103,374			106,592		90,624			106,592
Other real estate owned	1,753		1,753			838			455			751		1,753			751
Total assets	6,835,878		7,200,790			7,171,405			7,042,221			7,029,082		6,835,878			7,029,082
Deposits	5,804,307		5,590,893			5,178,334			4,888,558			4,943,545		5,804,307			4,943,545
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	5,590		387,590			599,590			932,590			816,591		5,590			816,591
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—		—			27,000			19,000			55,000		—			55,000
Shareholders' equity	$	691,136	$	723,910		$	747,031		$	739,520		$	714,782	$	691,136		$	714,782
Financial position (averages):
Investment securities	$	803,355	$	815,287		$	891,813		$	917,300		$	915,439	$	836,494		$	916,685
Loans held for investment	5,277,586		5,435,474			5,236,387			5,035,953			4,945,065		5,316,633			4,809,007
Total interest-earning assets	6,437,903		6,699,821			6,471,930			6,460,666			6,457,129		6,536,426			6,310,127
Total interest-bearing deposits	4,846,585		4,361,850			4,145,778			4,212,150			4,110,179		4,453,971			3,997,900
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	85,894		594,810			833,478			828,648			838,569		501,989			880,114
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	6,930		73,189			47,778			26,421			15,192		42,483			9,288
Total interest-bearing liabilities	5,074,429		5,165,939			5,159,853			5,192,654			5,094,216		5,133,093			5,014,507
Shareholders' equity	$	693,475	$	741,330		$	750,466		$	733,969		$	760,446	$	728,215		$	743,417

Summary Financial Data (continued)



	At or for the Three Months Ended															At or for the Nine Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, except share data)	Sept. 30, 2019			June 30, 2019			Mar. 31, 2019			Dec. 31, 2018			Sept. 30, 2018			Sept. 30, 2019			Sept. 30, 2018

Financial performance, consolidated⁽¹⁾:
Return on average shareholders' equity⁽²⁾	7.98		%	(3.02		)%	(0.91		)%	8.30		%	6.23		%	1.19		%	4.45		%
Return on average assets	0.79		%	(0.31		)%	(0.10		)%	0.86		%	0.66		%	0.12		%	0.47		%
Net interest margin ⁽³⁾	2.96		%	3.11		%	3.11		%	3.19		%	3.20		%	3.06		%	3.22		%
Efficiency ratio ⁽⁴⁾	78.08		%	106.83		%	100.66		%	84.64		%	86.19		%	96.60		%	90.13		%
Asset quality:
Allowance for credit losses	$	44,634		$	44,628		$	44,536		$	42,913		$	41,854		$	44,634		$	41,854
Allowance for loan losses/total loans ⁽⁵⁾	0.84		%	0.81		%	0.80		%	0.81		%	0.80		%	0.84		%	0.80		%
Allowance for loan losses/nonaccrual loans	349.37		%	435.59		%	271.99		%	356.92		%	419.57		%	349.37		%	419.57		%
Total nonaccrual loans⁽⁶⁾⁽⁷⁾	$	12,433		$	9,930		$	15,874		$	11,619		$	9,638		$	12,433		$	9,638
Nonaccrual loans/total loans	0.24		%	0.19		%	0.29		%	0.23		%	0.19		%	0.24		%	0.19		%
Other real estate owned	$	1,753		$	1,753		$	838		$	455		$	751		$	1,753		$	751
Total nonperforming assets ⁽⁷⁾	$	14,186		$	11,683		$	16,712		$	12,074		$	10,389		$	14,186		$	10,389
Nonperforming assets/total assets	0.21		%	0.16		%	0.23		%	0.17		%	0.15		%	0.21		%	0.15		%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs	$	(6	)	$	(92	)	$	(123	)	$	(559	)	$	(122	)	$	(221	)	$	(238	)
Regulatory capital ratios for the Bank:
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)	10.17		%	9.86		%	11.17		%	10.15		%	9.70		%	10.17		%	9.70		%
Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	13.45		%	13.26		%	14.88		%	13.82		%	13.26		%	13.45		%	13.26		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	13.45		%	13.26		%	14.88		%	13.82		%	13.26		%	13.45		%	13.26		%
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	14.37		%	14.15		%	15.77		%	14.72		%	14.15		%	14.37		%	14.15		%
Regulatory capital ratios for the Company:
Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)	10.04		%	10.12		%	10.73		%	9.51		%	9.17		%	10.04		%	9.17		%
Tier 1 common equity risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	11.67		%	11.99		%	12.62		%	11.26		%	10.84		%	11.67		%	10.84		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	12.77		%	13.06		%	13.68		%	12.37		%	11.94		%	12.77		%	11.94		%
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	13.69		%	13.95		%	14.58		%	13.27		%	12.82		%	13.69		%	12.82		%


(1)	Consolidated operations include both continuing and discontinued operations.


(2)	Net earnings available to common shareholders divided by average shareholders' equity.


(3)	Net interest income divided by total average interest-earning assets on a tax equivalent basis.


(4)	Noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income and noninterest income).


(5)	Includes loans acquired with bank acquisitions. Excluding acquired loans, allowance for loan losses /total loans was 0.89%, 0.86%, 0.86%, 0.85% and 0.84% at September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019, March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively.


(6)	Generally, loans are placed on nonaccrual status when they are 90 or more days past due, unless payment is insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.


(7)	Includes $1.3 million, $1.4 million, $1.7 million, $1.9 million and $1.4 million of nonperforming loans guaranteed by the SBA at September 30, 2019, June 30, 2019, March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively.



	At or for the Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	Sept. 30, 2019		June 30, 2019		Mar. 31, 2019		Dec. 31, 2018		Sept. 30, 2018

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
Loans serviced for others:
Commercial	$	1,576,714	$	1,535,522	$	1,521,597	$	1,542,477	$	1,526,035
Single family	7,014,265		6,790,955		6,052,394		20,151,735		19,804,263
Total loans serviced for others	$	8,590,979	$	8,326,477	$	7,573,991	$	21,694,212	$	21,330,298

About Us

HomeStreet, Inc. and its primary subsidiaries, HomeStreet Bank (the “Bank”) and HomeStreet Capital Corporation ("HSC") together are a diversified financial services company serving customers primarily on the West Coast of the United States, including Hawaii. HomeStreet, Inc., founded in 1921, is a bank holding company that has elected to be treated as a financial holding company. In addition to the banking and lending operations of our wholly owned subsidiaries, HomeStreet also sells insurance products and services for consumer clients under the name HomeStreet Insurance.

HomeStreet Bank is a Washington state-chartered commercial bank providing commercial and consumer loans, mortgage loans, deposit products, non-deposit investment products, private banking and cash management services and other banking services. Our loan products include commercial business and agriculture loans, consumer loans, single family residential mortgages, loans secured by commercial real estate and construction loans for residential and commercial real estate projects. Our branch network is primarily located in large metropolitan markets of the Western United States which promotes convenience for our customers, and together with the growth of commercial and consumer account deposits at our existing branches, helps build our market share.

HSC, a Washington corporation, sells and services multifamily mortgage loans originated by HomeStreet Bank under the Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program ("DUS^®")¹.

HomeStreet Bank also has partial ownership in WMS Series LLC ("WMS"), an affiliated business arrangement with various owners of Windermere Real Estate Company franchises that operates a single family mortgage origination business from select Windermere Real Estate Offices and is known as Penrith Home Loans. As we announced in July 2019, we are in the process of selling our interest in WMS Series LLC and expect to complete that transaction during the fourth quarter. Assuming the successful completion of this transaction, our single family mortgage banking volume will again decline and after a post-sale transition period all correspondent origination volume we currently purchase from WMS will be eliminated.

We generate revenue by earning net interest income and noninterest income. Net interest income is primarily the interest income we earn on loans and investment securities, less the interest we pay on deposits and other borrowings. We also earn noninterest income from the origination, sale and servicing of loans and from fees earned on deposit products and investment and insurance sales.

In the last few years, we have been strategically focused on becoming a leading West Coast regional commercial bank, growing commercial banking to diversify our earnings and actively reducing our exposure to the single family lending mortgage business and its more cyclical and volatile earnings results. This includes the sale of our stand-alone home loan centers ("HLC") and related mortgage servicing rights in the first half of 2019 to focus more on commercial lending, commercial and consumer banking and single family mortgage lending through our retail branch, online and affinity networks.

In connection with these changes, we eliminated segment reporting in the first quarter of 2019 and have classified all remaining activity for these HLCs, along with certain other mortgage banking related assets and liabilities that are expected to be sold or abandoned within approximately one year, as discontinued operations in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain components of the Company's former Mortgage Banking segment, including MSRs on certain mortgage loans that were not sold as part of this restructuring, along with our remaining single family mortgage origination and servicing business, have been classified in continuing operations beginning on April 1, 2019 based on the Company's intent.

We continue to take steps to improve productivity and reduce total corporate expenses in light of the recent substantial reduction in the size and complexity of our operations and a lower growth plan going forward. Since the second quarter of 2019, we have been working with an outside consulting firm that specializes in bank efficiency on an enterprise-wide profitability improvement project intended to analyze and improve all of our corporate expenses and business line processes, including contracts terms, costs related to occupancy and technology, organization and staffing improvements, and other cost savings and efficiency proposals. The project efficiency plan includes:


•	Simplifying the organizational structure by reducing management levels and management redundancy


•	Consolidating similar functions currently residing in multiple organizations


•	Renegotiating, where possible, our contracts


•	Identifying and eliminating redundant or unnecessary systems and services


•	Rationalizing staffing appropriate to recognize the significant changes in work volumes and company direction



¹ DUS^® is a registered trademark of Fannie Mae	66

We began executing on this plan in the third quarter and expect these reductions and enhancements will continue through 2020 and beyond.

In addition to proactively reducing our exposure to single family mortgage lending by exiting the HLC-based mortgage banking business, in the third quarter of 2019 we also continued to grow our commercial and consumer banking business. Our retail branch network continued to perform well, with total deposits from continuing operations increasing 18.7% over December 31, 2018.

As of September 30, 2019, following the consolidation of our Lake Oswego, OR retail branch into our Lake Grove, OR retail branch, we had 36 retail branches in Washington, 19 retail branches in California, four retail branches in Hawaii and three branches in Oregon. We also had four primary stand-alone commercial lending centers and one stand-alone insurance office. While we continue to focus on the growth and strength of our commercial and consumer banking business, we have temporarily suspended future de novo deposit branch openings as we focus on our strategy of improving efficiency and overall profitability.

Management's Overview of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Financial Performance

Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 reflect the impact of the adoption of a plan of exit or disposal, announced in the first quarter of 2019, with respect to the stand-alone home loan center-based mortgage origination and related servicing businesses as discontinued operations. Discontinued operations reported in the first quarter of 2019 included our entire mortgage banking business as did all prior periods presented. Effective April 1, 2019, the newly organized bank location-based mortgage banking business commenced operations and the associated direct revenues and direct expenses are reported as part of the Company's continuing operations beginning in the second quarter of 2019 ("Retained MB Business").



	At or for the Three Months Ended September 30,						Percent Change		At or for the Nine Months Ended September 30,						Percent Change
(in thousands, except per share data and ratios)	2019			2018			Percent Change		2019			2018			Percent Change

Selected statement of operations data
Total net revenue ⁽¹⁾	$	71,714		$	58,510		23	%	$	196,379		$	167,204		17	%
Total noninterest expense	55,721			47,914			16		162,399			147,349			10
Provision for credit losses	—			750			(100	)	1,500			2,500			(40	)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	15,993			9,846			62		32,480			17,355			87
Income tax expense for continuing operations	2,328			1,757			32		4,865			3,341			46
Income from continuing operations	13,665			8,089			69		27,615			14,014			97
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes	190			4,561			(96	)	(24,928		)	13,651			(283	)
Income tax expense (benefit) for discontinued operations	28			815			(97	)	(3,837		)	2,865			(234	)
Income (loss) for discontinued operations	162			3,746			(96	)	(21,091		)	10,786			(296	)
Net income	$	13,827		$	11,835		17	%	$	6,524		$	24,800		(74	)%

Financial performance
Diluted income per share for continuing operations	$	0.54		$	0.30				$	1.03		$	0.52
Diluted income (loss) per share for discontinued operations	0.01			0.14					(0.80		)	0.40
Diluted income per share	$	0.55		$	0.44				$	0.22		$	0.91
Return on average common shareholders' equity	7.98		%	6.23		%			1.19		%	4.45		%
Return on average assets	0.79		%	0.66		%			0.12		%	0.47		%
Net interest margin	2.96		%	3.20		%			3.06		%	3.22		%


(1)	Total net revenue is net interest income and noninterest income.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had net income of $13.8 million and $6.5 million, respectively, which included both continuing and discontinued operations, compared to net income of $11.8 million and $24.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The increase in net income from the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily related to a reduction in noninterest expense from reduced salaries and commissions on lower closed loan volume, lower headcount, reductions in non-personnel costs from cost savings initiatives and the exit of our stand-alone HLC-based mortgage business ("HLC Business Sale"), and $2.3 million of recoveries on restructuring costs and compensation related costs, net of tax. The increase is partially offset by a decline in mortgage servicing income related to the first quarter 2019 sales of single family mortgage servicing rights, a decline in single family net gain on mortgage loan sale and origination activities primarily from the HLC Business Sale and a reduction in net interest income.

The decrease in net income from the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to the $18.3 million loss on disposal and restructuring-related expenses, net of tax, taken in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the $5.6 million in restructuring related expenses, net of tax taken in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decline in single-family mortgage servicing income related to the first quarter 2019 sales of single family mortgage servicing rights and a decline in single family net gain on mortgage loan sale and origination activities primarily from the HLC Business Sale. This decrease is partially offset by a reduction in noninterest expense from reduced salaries and commissions on lower closed loan volume, lower headcount, reductions in non-personnel costs from cost savings initiatives and the HLC Business Sale and $2.3 million of recoveries on restructuring costs and compensation related costs, net of tax.

Net income from continuing operations in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to $2.7 million and $5.9 million in after-tax net income, respectively, from the Retained MB Business. Excluding this impact, the improvement relates to an increase in gain on loan origination and sale activities related to higher commercial loan sales volume and improved margin on commercial loans and an increase in servicing income.

Regulatory Matters

Under the Basel III standards, the Company and Bank's Tier 1 leverage, common equity risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital and total risk-based capital ratios are as follows.



	At September 30, 2019
	HomeStreet, Inc.		HomeStreet Bank
	Ratio		Ratio


Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)	10.04	%	10.17	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	11.67		13.45
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	12.77		13.45
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	13.69		14.37



	At December 31, 2018
	HomeStreet, Inc.		HomeStreet Bank
	Ratio		Ratio


Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)	9.51	%	10.15	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	11.26		13.82
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	12.37		13.82
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	13.27		14.72

As part of our ongoing balance sheet and capital management, in the first quarter of 2019, HomeStreet Bank executed definitive agreements with two different buyers to sell a significant portion of its single family MSRs. The series of transactions provided for the sale of the rights to service an aggregate of approximately $14.26 billion in total unpaid principal balance of single

family mortgage loans serviced for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, which represented approximately 71% of HomeStreet’s total single family mortgage loans serviced for others as of December 31, 2018. In addition to increasing certain regulatory capital ratios, this action provided additional regulatory capital to support the continued growth of our commercial and consumer banking business, accelerate the diversification of the Company's earnings and fund the Company's prior stock repurchase program, which was executed in the second and third quarters.

The Company and the Bank remain above current "well-capitalized" regulatory minimums.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our results of operations and financial condition because they require that we use estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. Certain of these policies are critical because they require management to make subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These policies govern:


•	Allowance for Credit Losses


•	Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Single Family Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs")

These policies and estimates are described in further detail in Part II, Item 7- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, within our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Results of Operations

Average Balances and Rates

Average balances, together with the total dollar amounts of interest income and expense, on a tax equivalent basis related to such balances and the weighted average rates, were as follows.



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019						2018
(in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Cost		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Cost

Assets:
Interest-earning assets: ⁽¹⁾
Cash and cash equivalents	$	91,381	$	342	1.48	%	$	66,127	$	188	1.13	%
Investment securities	803,355		5,291		2.63		915,439		6,072		2.65
Loans held for sale⁽⁴⁾	265,581		2,704		4.07		530,498		6,267		4.73
Loans held for investment	5,277,586		63,226		4.72		4,945,065		57,859		4.61
Total interest-earning assets	6,437,903		71,563		4.38		6,457,129		70,386		4.31
Noninterest-earning assets ⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	566,305						662,784
Total assets	$	7,004,208					$	7,119,913
Liabilities and shareholders' equity:
Deposits: ⁽⁴⁾
Interest-bearing demand accounts	$	384,937	$	371	0.38	%	$	427,777	$	416	0.39	%
Savings accounts	221,446		122		0.22		279,325		198		0.28
Money market accounts	2,016,600		7,129		1.40		1,919,412		4,481		0.92
Certificate accounts	2,223,602		13,093		2.34		1,483,665		6,382		1.71
Total interest-bearing deposits	4,846,585		20,715		1.69		4,110,179		11,477		1.11
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	85,894		593		2.71		838,569		4,719		2.20
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	6,930		39		2.22		15,192		83		2.13
Other borrowings	9,446		83		3.52		4,892		54		4.34
Long-term debt	125,574		1,698		5.37		125,384		1,695		5.37
Total interest-bearing liabilities	5,074,429		23,128		1.81		5,094,216		18,028		1.40
Noninterest-bearing liabilities ⁽⁴⁾	1,236,304						1,265,251
Total liabilities	6,310,733						6,359,467
Temporary shareholders' equity	2,378						—
Permanent shareholders' equity	691,097						760,446
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	7,004,208					$	7,119,913
Net interest income⁽³⁾			$	48,435					$	52,358
Net interest spread					2.57	%					2.91	%
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources					0.39	%					0.29	%
Net interest margin					2.96	%					3.20	%


(1)	The average balances of nonaccrual assets and related income, if any, are included in their respective categories.


(2)	Includes loan balances that have been foreclosed and are now recorded in other real estate owned


(3)	Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities of $458 thousand and $714 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated federal statutory tax rate was 21% for the periods presented.


(4)	Includes average balances related to discontinued operations, which were impractical to remove for the periods presented. The net interest margin related to discontinued operations is immaterial.



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019						2018
(in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Cost		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/Cost

Assets:
Interest-earning assets: ⁽¹⁾
Cash and cash equivalents	$	68,554	$	667	1.30	%	$	77,228	$	620	1.07	%
Investment securities	836,494		16,691		2.66		916,685		18,187		2.65
Loans held for sale ⁽⁴⁾	314,745		10,283		4.36		507,207		17,000		4.47
Loans held for investment	5,316,633		192,307		4.79		4,809,007		164,855		4.54
Total interest-earning assets	6,536,426		219,948		4.46		6,310,127		200,662		4.22
Noninterest-earning assets ^{(2) (4)}	629,428						674,909
Total assets	$	7,165,854					$	6,985,036
Liabilities and shareholders' equity:
Deposits: ⁽⁴⁾
Interest-bearing demand accounts	$	385,113	$	1,139	0.40	%	$	438,039	$	1,286	0.39	%
Savings accounts	231,840		410		0.24		288,146		645		0.30
Money market accounts	1,990,481		19,822		1.33		1,902,466		11,992		0.84
Certificate accounts	1,846,537		30,908		2.24		1,369,249		15,225		1.49
Total interest-bearing deposits	4,453,971		52,279		1.57		3,997,900		29,148		0.97
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	501,989		10,179		2.67		880,114		13,138		1.97
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	42,483		805		2.50		9,288		139		1.97
Other borrowings	9,123		264		3.86		1,868		62		4.34
Long-term debt	125,527		5,167		5.47		125,337		4,941		5.24
Total interest-bearing liabilities	5,133,093		68,694		1.78		5,014,507		47,428		1.26
Noninterest-bearing liabilities ⁽⁴⁾	1,304,546						1,227,112
Total liabilities	6,437,639						6,241,619
Temporary shareholders' equity	1,932
Permanent shareholders' equity	726,283						743,417
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	7,165,854					$	6,985,036
Net interest income⁽³⁾			$	151,254					$	153,234
Net interest spread					2.68	%					2.97	%
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources					0.38						0.25
Net interest margin					3.06	%					3.22	%


(1)	The average balances of nonaccrual assets and related income, if any, are included in their respective categories.


(2)	Includes loan balances that have been foreclosed and are now recorded in other real estate owned.


(3)	Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities of $1.8 million and $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated federal statutory tax rate was 21% for the periods presented.


(4)	Includes average balances related to discontinued operations, which were impractical to remove for the periods presented. The net interest margin related to discontinued operations is immaterial.

Interest on Nonaccrual Loans

We do not include interest collected on nonaccrual loans in interest income. When we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse the accrued but unpaid interest, which reduces interest income for the period in which the reversal occurs and we stop amortizing any net deferred fees (which are normally amortized over the life of the loan). Additionally, if interest is received on nonaccrual loans, the interest collected on the loan is recognized as an adjustment to the cost basis of the loan. The net decrease to interest income due to adjustments made for nonaccrual loans, including the effect of additional interest income that would have been recorded during the periods if the loans had been accruing, were $510 thousand and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $319 thousand and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Net Income

Net income, which included both continuing and discontinued operations, increased in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily related to a reduction in noninterest expense from reduced salaries and commissions on lower closed loan volume, lower headcount, reductions in non-personnel costs from cost savings initiatives and the exit of our stand-alone home loan center-based mortgage business and $2.3 million of recoveries on restructuring costs and compensation related costs, net of tax. The increase is partially offset by a decline in mortgage servicing income related to the first quarter 2019 sales of single family mortgage servicing rights, a decline in single family net gain on mortgage loan sale and origination activities primarily from our HLC Business Sale and a reduction in net interest income.

Net income decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to $18.3 million of loss on disposal and restructuring-related expenses, net of tax, taken in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $5.6 million in restructuring charges, net of tax, taken in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decline in mortgage servicing income related to the first quarter 2019 sales of single family mortgage servicing rights and a decline in single family net gain on mortgage loan sale and origination activities primarily from our HLC Business Sale. This decrease is partially offset by a reduction in noninterest expense from reduced salaries and commissions on lower closed loan volume, lower headcount, reductions in non-personnel costs from cost savings initiatives and our HLC Business Sale and $2.3 million of recoveries on restructuring costs and compensation related costs, net of tax.

Net Income from Continuing Operations

Net income from continuing operations increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to $2.7 million and $5.9 million after-tax, respectively, that was contributed by the Retained MB Business. Excluding this impact, the improvement relates to an increase in gain on loan origination and sale activities related to higher commercial loan sales volume and improved margin on commercial loans and an increase in servicing income.

Net Income from Discontinued Operations

Net income from discontinued operations was $162 thousand and a net loss of $21.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to net income of $3.7 million and $10.8 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The decrease in net income from discontinued operations in the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to the impact of the Retained MB Business, a reduction in single family mortgage loan origination and sale activities and related noninterest expense as we wind down the operations of our stand-alone home loan center-based mortgage business and lower servicing income due to the first quarter sales of mortgage servicing rights. Included in noninterest expense was $2.3 million of recoveries on prior period restructuring costs and compensation related cost, net of tax.

The decrease in net income from discontinued operations in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in restructuring and loss on disposal charges, the impact of the Retained MB Business, a reduction in single family mortgage net gain on loan origination and sale activities and related noninterest expense as we wind down the operations of our stand-alone home loan center-based mortgage business, and lower servicing income due to the first quarter sales of mortgage servicing rights This decrease was partially offset by reduced commissions on lower closed loan volume, savings associated with lower headcount and other savings related to our prior cost reduction initiatives.

Net Interest Income

Our profitability depends significantly on net interest income, which is the difference between income earned on our interest-earning assets, primarily loans and investment securities, and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Our interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of deposits and borrowed funds, including our outstanding trust preferred securities, senior unsecured notes and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB").

Net interest income on a tax equivalent basis for the third quarter of 2019 was $48.4 million, a decrease of $3.9 million, or 7.5%, from the third quarter of 2018. Net interest income on a tax equivalent basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $151.3 million, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 1.3%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decreases from 2018 were primarily due to an increase in higher rate certificate of deposit balances and a decrease in interest income from lower loans held for sale as we closed out the pipeline of loans associated with our HLC Business Sale. This decrease was partially offset by a

decrease in interest expense on FHLB advances due to a reduction in these advances and an increase in loans held for investment primarily due to organic growth.

The net interest margin on a tax equivalent basis for the third quarter of 2019 decreased to 2.96% from 3.20% for the same period in 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 net interest margin decreased to 3.06% from 3.22% for the same period in 2018. The decreases from 2018 were primarily due to a higher balance of high cost certificate of deposit accounts, partially offset by higher balances and yields on loans held for investment and a decrease in volume of FHLB advances.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, total average interest-earning assets decreased $19.2 million, or 0.3% from the three months ended September 30, 2018, and increased $226.3 million or 3.6% from the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease for the three months is due to lower mortgage volume. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is primarily the result of organic loan growth.

Total interest income of $71.6 million on a tax equivalent basis in the third quarter of 2019 increased $1.2 million, or 1.7%, from $70.4 million in the third quarter of 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 total interest income on a tax equivalent basis was $219.9 million, an increase of $19.3 million, or 9.6% from the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily the result of higher average balances of loans held for investment, which increased $332.5 million, or 6.7% and $507.6 million or 10.6% from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Total interest expense in the third quarter of 2019 increased $5.1 million, or 28.3% from $18.0 million in the third quarter of 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 total interest expense increased $21.3 million, or 44.8% from $47.4 million in the same period in 2018. The increases resulted from higher rates on interest-bearing deposits, FHLB advances and wholesale deposits including brokered CDs as market interest rates rise.

Provision for Credit Losses

Our provision for credit losses was zero and $1.5 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to a provision for credit losses of $750 thousand and $2.5 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The decrease in the provision for credit losses from the third quarter of 2018 was primarily due to a reduction in loan balances and net recoveries, and the decrease in provision from the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to lower portfolio loan growth and continued net recoveries.

Net recoveries were $6 thousand in the third quarter of 2019 compared to net recoveries of $122 thousand in the same period in 2018. Net recoveries were $221 thousand in the first nine months of 2019 compared to net recoveries of $238 thousand in the first nine months of 2018. Overall, the allowance for loan losses (which excludes the allowance for unfunded commitments) was 0.84% and 0.80% of loans held for investment at September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. Excluding loans acquired through business combinations, the allowance for loan losses was 0.89% of loans held for investment at September 30, 2019 compared to 0.84% at September 30, 2018.

For a more detailed discussion on our allowance for loan losses and related provision for loan losses, see Credit Risk Management within Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income from continuing operations consisted of the following.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Dollar Change			Percent Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,					Dollar Change			Percent Change
(in thousands)	2019			2018			Dollar Change			Percent Change		2019			2018		Dollar Change			Percent Change

Noninterest income
Gain on loan origination and sale activities	$	15,951		$	4,193		$	11,758		280	%	$	30,736		$	8,350	$	22,386		268	%
Loan servicing income	2,687			954			1,733			182		5,906			2,799		3,107			111
Depositor and other retail banking fees	2,079			2,031			48			2		5,848			5,915		(67		)	(1	)
Insurance agency commissions	603			588			15			3		1,801			1,658		143			9
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities available for sale	(18		)	(4		)	(14		)	350		(128		)	234		(362		)	(155	)
Other	3,278			2,888			390			14		8,338			7,195		1,143			16
Total noninterest income	$	24,580		$	10,650		$	13,930		131	%	$	52,501		$	26,151	$	26,350		101	%

The increases in noninterest income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 were primarily due to $11.3 million and $21.7 million, respectively, of noninterest income contributed by the Retained MB Business. Excluding this impact, noninterest income increased primarily due to an increase in net gain on loan origination and sale activities related to an increase in commercial loan sales volume and profit margin on those commercial loan sales.

The significant components of our noninterest income are described in greater detail as follows.

Gain on loan origination and sale activities consisted of the following.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Dollar Change			Percent Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Dollar Change			Percent Change
(in thousands)	2019		2018		Dollar Change			Percent Change		2019		2018		Dollar Change			Percent Change

Commercial	$	6,693	$	4,236	$	2,457		58	%	$	12,179	$	8,481	$	3,698		44	%
Single family ⁽¹⁾	9,628		40,335		(30,707		)	(76	)%	78,612		141,458		(62,846		)	(44	)%
Gain on loan origination and sale activities ⁽²⁾	$	16,321	$	44,571	$	(28,250	)	(63	)%	$	90,791	$	149,939	$	(59,148	)	(39	)%

(1) Includes $370 thousand and $40.4 million from discontinued operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $60.1 million and $142.0 million for the nine months ended 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(2) Includes loans originated as held for investment.

Loans Serviced for Others



(in thousands)	Sept. 30, 2019		Dec. 31, 2018

Commercial	$	1,576,714	$	1,542,477
Single family ⁽¹⁾	7,014,265		20,151,735
Total loans serviced for others	$	8,590,979	$	21,694,212


(1)	Includes both continuing and discontinued operations at December 31, 2018.

Loan servicing income consisted of the following.



	Three Months Ended September 30,											Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			Dollar Change			Percent Change		2019			2018			Dollar Change			Percent Change

Commercial loan servicing income, net:
Servicing fees and other	$	2,202		$	1,988		$	214		11	%	$	6,804		$	5,946		$	858		14	%
Amortization of capitalized MSRs	(1,315		)	(1,034		)	(281		)	27		(3,793		)	(3,147		)	(646		)	21
Commercial loan servicing income	887			954			(67		)	(7	)	3,011			2,799			212			8

Single family servicing income, net:⁽⁴⁾
Servicing fees and other	5,252			13,058			(7,806		)	(60	)	24,073			45,936			(21,863		)	(48	)
Changes in fair value of single family MSRs due to amortization ⁽¹⁾	(4,489		)	(8,300		)	3,811			(46	)	(16,894		)	(26,570		)	9,676			(36	)
	763			4,758			(3,995		)	(84	)	7,179			19,366			(12,187		)	(63	)
Risk management, single family MSRs:⁽⁴⁾
Changes in fair value of MSR due to changes in model inputs and/or assumptions ⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	(7,501		)	11,562			(19,063		)	(165	)	(22,193		)	52,880			(75,073		)	(142	)
Net gain (loss) from derivatives economically hedging MSR	9,040			(9,446		)	18,486			(196	)	19,917			(52,611		)	72,528			(138	)
	1,539			2,116			(577		)	(27	)	(2,276		)	269			(2,545		)	(946	)
Single Family servicing income	2,302			6,874			(4,572		)	(67	)	4,903			19,635			(14,732		)	(75	)
Total loan servicing income	$	3,189		$	7,828		$	(4,639	)	(59	)%	$	7,914		$	22,434		$	(14,520	)	(65	)%


(1)	Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows and curtailments.


(2)	Principally reflects changes in model assumptions, including prepayment speed assumptions, which are primarily affected by changes in mortgage interest rates.


(3)	Includes pre-tax income of $333 thousand and pre-tax loss of $941 thousand, net of transaction costs, brokerage fees and prepayment reserves, resulting from the sale of single family MSRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and pre-tax income of $573 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.


(4)	Includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

The decrease in loans serviced for others was primarily due to the sale of single family mortgages serviced for others with aggregate unpaid principal balance ("UPB") of $14.26 billion on March 29, 2019. Mortgage servicing fees collected in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased compared to the same periods in 2018 primarily due to the sales of mortgage servicing rights. Our loans serviced for others portfolio was $8.59 billion at September 30, 2019 compared to $21.69 billion at December 31, 2018 and $21.33 billion at September 30, 2018.

The decreases in loan servicing income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 were primarily due to a lower average UPB of loans serviced for others due to our sales of single family mortgage servicing rights and lower risk management fees.

MSR risk management results represent changes in the fair value of single family MSRs due to changes in model inputs and assumptions net of the gain/(loss) from derivatives economically hedging MSRs. The fair value of MSRs is sensitive to changes in interest rates, primarily due to the effect on prepayment speeds. MSRs typically increase in value when interest rates rise because rising interest rates tend to decrease mortgage prepayment speeds, and therefore increase the expected life of the net servicing cash flows of the MSR asset. Certain other changes in MSR fair value relate to factors other than interest rate changes and are generally not within the scope of the Company's MSR economic hedging strategy. These factors may include but are not limited to the impact of changes to the housing price index, prepayment model assumptions, the level of home sales activity, changes to mortgage spreads, valuation discount rates, costs to service and policy changes by U.S. government agencies.

Depositor and other retail banking fees for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to an increase in the number of transaction accounts from which we generate fee

income. Depositor and other retail banking fees decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to refunding the overpayment of certain consumer overdraft fees.

The following table presents the composition of depositor and other retail banking fees for the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Dollar Change			Percent Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				Dollar Change			Percent Change
(in thousands)	2019		2018		Dollar Change			Percent Change		2019		2018		Dollar Change			Percent Change

Fees:
Monthly maintenance and deposit-related fees	$	881	$	873	$	8		1	%	$	2,405	$	2,471	$	(66	)	(3	)%
Debit Card/ATM fees	1,129		1,094		35			3		3,256		3,260		(4		)	—
Other fees	69		71		(2		)	(3	)	195		205		(10		)	(5	)
Total depositor and other retail banking fees	$	2,079	$	2,038	$	41		2	%	$	5,856	$	5,936	$	(80	)	(1	)%

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense from continuing operations consisted of the following.



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Dollar Change			Percent Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,						Dollar Change			Percent Change
(in thousands)	2019			2018		Dollar Change			Percent Change		2019			2018			Dollar Change			Percent Change

Noninterest expense
Salaries and related costs	$	32,793		$	25,183	$	7,610		30	%	$	92,311		$	79,393		$	12,918		16	%
General and administrative	9,539			8,591		948			11		25,565			25,658			(93		)	—
Amortization of core deposit intangibles	429			406		23			6		1,223			1,219			4			—
Legal	594			873		(279		)	(32	)	2,214			2,393			(179		)	(7	)
Consulting	866			426		440			103		3,161			1,723			1,438			83
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments	(694		)	880		(1,574		)	(179	)	960			2,739			(1,779		)	(65	)
Occupancy	4,856			4,548		308			7		15,650			13,531			2,119			16
Information services	7,325			7,005		320			5		21,361			20,782			579			3
Net cost (benefit) of operation and sale of other real estate owned	13			2		11			550		(46		)	(89		)	43			(48	)
Total noninterest expense	$	55,721		$	47,914	$	7,807		16	%	$	162,399		$	147,349		$	15,050		10	%

The increase in noninterest expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 was primarily due to $9.3 million and $16.9 million, respectively, of expenses contributed by the Retained MB Business. Excluding this contribution, noninterest expense decreased in both periods primarily due to a $1.7 million FDIC assessment credit recognized in the third quarter of 2019.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate of 14.6% and 13.6% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, differed from the Federal blended state statutory tax rate of 23.6% primarily due to the benefit we received from tax-exempt interest income and its proportion to total net income.

Review of Financial Condition - Comparison of September 30, 2019 to December 31, 2018

Total assets were $6.84 billion at September 30, 2019 compared to $7.04 billion at December 31, 2018, an increase of $206.3 million, or 2.9%.

Cash and cash equivalents were $74.8 million at September 30, 2019 compared to $58.0 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $16.8 million, or 29.0%.

Investment securities were $866.7 million at September 30, 2019 compared to $923.3 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $56.5 million, or 6.1%.

We primarily hold investment securities for liquidity purposes, while also creating a relatively stable source of interest income. We designated the majority of these securities as available for sale. We designated securities having a carrying value of $4.4 million at September 30, 2019 as held to maturity.

The following table details the composition of our investment securities available for sale by dollar amount and as a percentage of the total available for sale securities portfolio.



	At September 30, 2019				At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Percent		Fair Value		Percent

Investment securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential	$	109,581	13	%	$	107,961	13	%
Commercial	29,836		3		34,514		4
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	187,989		22		166,744		20
Commercial	109,543		13		116,674		14
Municipal bonds	380,093		44		385,655		45
Corporate debt securities	18,767		2		19,995		2
U.S. Treasury securities	1,309		—		10,900		1
Agency debentures	25,221		3		9,525		1
Total investment securities available for sale	$	862,339	100	%	$	851,968	100	%

Loans held for sale were $173.0 million at September 30, 2019 compared to $77.3 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $95.6 million, or 123.7%. Loans held for sale primarily include single family residential loans, typically sold within 30 days of closing the loan, and multi-family loans. The increase in the loans held for sale balance was primarily due to an increase in commercial loans.

The following table details the composition of our loans held for investment, net portfolio by dollar amount and as a percentage of our total loan portfolio.



	At September 30, 2019					At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Amount			Percent		Amount			Percent

Consumer loans:
Single family ⁽¹⁾	$	1,188,159		23	%	$	1,358,175		27	%
Home equity and other	567,791			11		570,923			11
	1,755,950			34		1,929,098			38
Commercial real estate loans:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	794,863			15		701,928			14
Multifamily	920,279			18		908,015			18
Construction/land development	762,332			15		794,544			16
	2,477,474			48		2,404,487			48
Commercial and industrial loans:
Owner occupied commercial real estate	476,650			9		429,158			8
Commercial business	446,739			9		331,004			6
	923,389			18		760,162			14
Total loans before allowance, net deferred loan fees and costs	5,156,813			100	%	5,093,747			100	%
Net deferred loan fees and costs	25,732					23,094
	5,182,545					5,116,841
Allowance for loan losses	(43,437		)			(41,470		)
	$	5,139,108				$	5,075,371


(1)	Includes $5.3 million and $4.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, of loans where a fair value option election was made at the time of origination and, therefore, are carried at fair value with changes in value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Loans held for investment, net increased $63.7 million, or 1.3%, from December 31, 2018. Included in the increase were $86.4 million of acquired commercial and industrial loans and $23.5 million of acquired non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans. During the quarter, new commitments totaled $495.4 million and included $64.9 million of consumer loans, $35.7 million of non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, $162.0 million of multifamily permanent loans, $61.9 million of commercial and industrial loans and $170.9 million of construction loans. New commitments for construction loans included $113.2 million in residential construction and $57.7 million in single family custom home construction.

Mortgage servicing rights from continuing operations were $90.6 million at September 30, 2019 compared to $103.4 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $12.8 million, or 12.3%. The decrease primarily relates to a decline in single family fair value related to a decline in interest rates.

Federal Home Loan Bank stock was $8.8 million at September 30, 2019 compared to $45.5 million at December 31, 2018, a decrease of $36.7 million, or 80.7% due to lower outstanding advances. FHLB stock is carried at par value and can only be purchased or redeemed at par value in transactions between the FHLB and its member institutions. Cash dividends received on FHLB stock are reported in other income.

Other assets were $187.3 million at September 30, 2019, compared to $171.3 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $16.0 million, or 9.4%.

Deposit balances were as follows for the periods indicated:



(in thousands)	At September 30, 2019				At December 31, 2018
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent

Noninterest-bearing accounts - checking and savings	$	698,714	12	%	$	612,540	12	%
Interest-bearing transaction and savings deposits:
NOW accounts	421,750		7		376,137		8
Statement savings accounts due on demand	220,401		4		245,795		5
Money market accounts due on demand	2,073,907		36		1,935,516		38
Total interest-bearing transaction and savings deposits	2,716,058		47		2,557,448		51
Total transaction and savings deposits	3,414,772		59		3,169,988		63
Certificates of deposit	2,135,869		37		1,579,806		31
Noninterest-bearing accounts - other⁽¹⁾	253,666		4		301,614		6
Total deposits	$	5,804,307	100	%	$	5,051,408	100	%


(1)	Includes zero and $162.8 million in servicing deposits related to discontinued operations for the periods ended September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Deposits at September 30, 2019 increased $752.9 million, or 14.9%, from December 31, 2018. The increase in deposits from December 31, 2018 was a result of competitive rates offered on consumer time deposits, with an increase of $550.5 million, and money markets, with an increase of $132.1 million. The increase also included $74.5 million in deposits related to the acquisition of a retail deposit branch in San Marcos, San Diego County, California from Silvergate Bank, which was completed in the first quarter of 2019, including $42.7 million of noninterest-bearing accounts and $31.8 million of money market and savings accounts. In addition, the increase also included approximately $42 million in institutional CDs generated during the second quarter of 2019. Consumer deposit growth can be sensitive to changes in interest rates, therefore, the Company continues to actively monitor the adequacy of its offered deposit rates.

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than $250 thousand at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $231.2 million and $85.3 million, respectively. There were $739.0 million and $786.1 million of brokered deposits at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Federal Home Loan Bank advances were $5.6 million at September 30, 2019 compared to $932.6 million at December 31, 2018. We use these borrowings primarily to fund single family loans held for sale and secondarily to fund our investment securities activities. The reduction in advances was largely due to an increase in brokered deposits as well as other deposits and the contraction of the balance sheet, which reduced our reliance on wholesale borrowings.

Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders' equity was $691.1 million at September 30, 2019 compared to $739.5 million at December 31, 2018. This decrease was primarily related to share repurchases of $81.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, partially offset by other comprehensive income of $25.5 million and net income of $6.5 million. Other comprehensive income (loss) represents unrealized gains and losses, net of tax in the valuation of our available for sale investment securities portfolio at September 30, 2019.

Shareholders' equity, on a per share basis, was $28.32 per share at September 30, 2019, compared to $27.39 per share at December 31, 2018.

Return on Equity and Assets

The following table presents certain information regarding our returns on average equity and average total assets.



	At or For the Three Months Ended September 30,				At or For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018

Return on assets ⁽¹⁾⁽⁴⁾	0.79	%	0.66	%	0.12	%	0.47	%
Return on equity ⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	7.98	%	6.23		1.19	%	4.45
Equity to assets ratio ⁽³⁾	9.90	%	10.68		10.16	%	10.64


(1)	Net income divided by average total assets.


(2)	Net income divided by average common shareholders' equity.


(3)	Average equity divided by average total assets.


(4)	Net income includes both continuing and discontinued operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, we are a party to financial instruments that carry off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments (which include commitments to originate loans and commitments to purchase loans) include potential credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. These transactions are designed to (1) meet the financial needs of our customers, (2) manage our credit, market or liquidity risks, (3) diversify our funding sources and/or (4) optimize capital.

For more information on off-balance sheet arrangements, including derivative counterparty credit risk, see the Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies discussions within Part II, Item 7- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Note 13, Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 8, Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Enterprise Risk Management

Like many financial institutions, we manage and control a variety of business and financial risks that can significantly affect our financial performance. Among these risks are credit risk; market risk, which includes interest rate risk and price risk; liquidity risk; and operational risk. We are also subject to risks associated with compliance/legal, strategic and reputational matters.

For more information on how we manage these business, financial and other risks, see the discussion in "Enterprise Risk Management" within Part II, Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Credit Risk Management

The following discussion highlights developments since December 31, 2018 and should be read in conjunction with the "Credit Risk Management" within Part II, Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Asset Quality and Nonperforming Assets

Credit quality remained strong with nonperforming assets remaining low at $14.2 million, or 0.21% of total assets, at September 30, 2019, compared to $12.1 million, or 0.17% of total assets, at December 31, 2018. The deterioration from December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in commercial nonperforming loans.

Nonaccrual loans were $12.4 million, or 0.24% of total loans, at September 30, 2019, an increase of $814 thousand, or 7.0%, from $11.6 million, or 0.23% of total loans, at December 31, 2018. Delinquency rates (excluding FHA/VA insured and guaranteed portion of SBA loans) were 0.28% at September 30, 2019 compared to 0.26% at December 31, 2018; the increase was primarily related to increased commercial loan delinquencies.

Net recoveries for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were $6 thousand and net recoveries for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $221 thousand compared to net recoveries of $122 thousand and $238 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

At September 30, 2019, our loans held for investment portfolio, net of the allowance for loan losses, was $5.14 billion, an increase of $63.7 million from December 31, 2018. The allowance for loan losses was $43.4 million, or 0.84% of loans held for investment, compared to $41.5 million, or 0.81% of loans held for investment, at December 31, 2018.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of zero and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to a provision for credit losses of $750 thousand and $2.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Management considers the current level of the allowance for loan losses to be appropriate to cover estimated losses inherent within our loans held for investment portfolio.

For information regarding the activity on our allowance for credit losses, which includes the reserves for unfunded commitments, and the amounts that were collectively and individually evaluated for impairment, see Part I, Item 1 Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 4, Loans and Credit Quality, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The following tables present the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for impaired loans, broken down by those with and those without a specific reserve.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Recorded Investment			Unpaid Principal Balance ⁽²⁾		Related Allowance

Impaired loans:
Loans with no related allowance recorded	$	70,379	⁽¹⁾	$	71,563	$	—
Loans with an allowance recorded	2,502			2,533		129
Total	$	72,881	⁽¹⁾	$	74,096	$	129

	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Recorded Investment			Unpaid Principal Balance ⁽²⁾		Related Allowance

Impaired loans:
Loans with no related allowance recorded	$	71,237	⁽¹⁾	$	73,113	$	—
Loans with an allowance recorded	1,847			1,847		233
Total	$	73,084	⁽¹⁾	$	74,960	$	233


(1)	Includes $63.8 million and $65.8 million in single family performing troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


(2)	Unpaid principal balance does not include partial charge-offs, purchase discounts and premiums or nonaccrual interest paid. Related allowance is calculated on net book balances not unpaid principal balances.

The Company had 330 impaired loan relationships totaling $72.9 million at September 30, 2019 and 349 impaired loan relationships totaling $73.1 million at December 31, 2018. Included in the total impaired loan amounts were 307 single family TDR loan relationships totaling $65.8 million at September 30, 2019 and 320 single family TDR loan relationships totaling $67.6 million at December 31, 2018. At September 30, 2019, there were 300 single family impaired loan relationships totaling $63.8 million that were performing per their current contractual terms. Additionally, the impaired loan balance, at September 30, 2019, included $52.7 million of loans insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. The average recorded investment in these loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $73.4 million and $76.2 million compared to $72.5 million and $76.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Impaired loans of $2.5 million and $1.8 million had a valuation allowance of $129 thousand and $233 thousand at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of the incurred credit losses inherent within our loan

portfolio. For further discussion related to credit policies and estimates see "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates —

Allowance for Loan Losses" within Part II, Item 7- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table presents the allowance for credit losses, including reserves for unfunded commitments, by loan class.



	At September 30, 2019						At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Amount		Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance		Loan Category as a % of Total Loans ⁽¹⁾		Amount		Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance		Loan Category as a % of Total Loans ⁽¹⁾

Consumer loans
Single family	$	7,220	16	%	23	%	$	8,217	19	%	27	%
Home equity and other	7,485		17		11		7,712		18		11
	14,705		33		34		15,929		37		38
Commercial real estate loans
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	6,481		14		15		5,496		13		14
Multifamily	6,690		15		18		5,754		13		18
Construction/land development	9,807		22		15		9,539		22		16
	22,978		51		48		20,789		48		48
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	3,601		8		9		3,282		8		8
Commercial business	3,350		8		9		2,913		7		6
	6,951		16		18		6,195		15		14
Total allowance for credit losses	$	44,634	100	%	100	%	$	42,913	100	%	100	%


(1)	Excludes loans held for investment balances that are carried at fair value.

The following tables present the composition of TDRs by accrual and nonaccrual status.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	Accrual		Nonaccrual		Total

Consumer
Single family ⁽¹⁾	$	63,802	$	2,019	$	65,821
Home equity and other	925		114		1,039
	64,727		2,133		66,860
Commercial and industrial loans
Commercial business	50		222		272
	50		222		272
	$	64,777	$	2,355	$	67,132


(1)	Includes loan balances insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA of $52.7 million at September 30, 2019.



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Accrual		Nonaccrual		Total

Consumer
Single family ⁽¹⁾	$	65,835	$	1,740	$	67,575
Home equity and other	1,237		—		1,237
	67,072		1,740		68,812
Commercial real estate loans
Multifamily	492		—		492
Construction/land development	726		—		726
	1,218		—		1,218
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	846		—		846
Commercial business	103		164		267
	949		164		1,113
	$	69,239	$	1,904	$	71,143


(1)	Includes loan balances insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA of $52.4 million at December 31, 2018.

The Company had 324 loan relationships classified as TDRs totaling $67.1 million at September 30, 2019 with no related unfunded commitments. The Company had 343 loan relationships classified as TDRs totaling $71.1 million at December 31, 2018 with $15 thousand in related unfunded commitments. TDR loans within the loans held for investment portfolio and the related reserves are included in the impaired loan tables above.

Delinquent loans and other real estate owned by loan type consisted of the following.



	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Nonaccrual		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing			Total Past Due Loans		Other Real Estate Owned

Consumer loans
Single family	$	6,447	$	2,972	$	5,475	$	21,590	⁽¹⁾	$	36,484	$	1,753
Home equity and other	147		360		987		—			1,494		—
	6,594		3,332		6,462		21,590			37,978		1,753
Commercial real estate loans
Construction/land development	—		—		1,355		—			1,355		—
	—		—		1,355		—			1,355		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	1,110		—		2,301		—			3,411		—
Commercial business	45		—		2,315		—			2,360		—
	1,155		—		4,616		—			5,771		—
Total	$	7,749	$	3,332	$	12,433	$	21,590		$	45,104	$	1,753


(1)	FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed single family loans that are 90 days or more past due are maintained on accrual status if they are determined to have little to no risk of loss. At September 30, 2019, these past due loans totaled $21.6 million.



	At December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Nonaccrual		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing			Total Past Due Loans		Other Real Estate Owned

Consumer loans
Single family	$	9,725	$	3,653	$	8,493	$	39,116	⁽¹⁾	$	60,987	$	455
Home equity and other	145		100		948		—			1,193		—
	9,870		3,753		9,441		39,116			62,180		455
Commercial real estate loans
Construction/land development	—		—		72		—			72		—
	—		—		72		—			72		—
Commercial and industrial loans
Owner occupied commercial real estate	—		—		374		—			374		—
Commercial business	—		—		1,732		—			1,732		—
	—		—		2,106		—			2,106		—
Total	$	9,870	$	3,753	$	11,619	$	39,116		$	64,358	$	455


(1)	FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed single family loans that are 90 days or more past due are maintained on accrual status if they are determined to have little to no risk of loss. At December 31, 2018, these past due loans totaled $39.1 million.

Loan Underwriting Standards

Our underwriting standards for single family and home equity loans require evaluating and understanding a borrower's credit, collateral and ability to repay the loan. Credit is determined based on how well a borrower manages their current and prior debts, documented by a credit report that provides credit scores and the borrower's current and past information about their credit history. Collateral is based on the type and use of property, occupancy and market value, largely determined by property appraisals or evaluations in accordance with our appraisal policy. A borrower's ability to repay the loan is based on several factors, including employment, income, current debt, assets and level of equity in the property. We also consider loan-to-property value and debt-to-income ratios, amount of liquid financial reserves, loan amount and lien position in assessing whether to originate a loan. Single family and home equity borrowers are particularly susceptible to downturns in economic trends that negatively affect housing prices, demand and levels of unemployment.

For commercial, multifamily and construction loans, we consider the same factors with regard to the borrower and the guarantors. In addition, we evaluate liquidity, net worth, leverage, other outstanding indebtedness of the borrower, the amount of cash expected to flow through the borrower (including the outflow to other lenders) and our prior experience with the borrower. We use this information to assess financial capacity, profitability and experience. Ultimate repayment of these loans is sensitive to interest rate changes, general economic conditions, liquidity and availability of long-term financing.

Additional considerations for commercial permanent loans secured by real estate:

Our underwriting standards for commercial permanent loans generally require that the loan-to-value ratio for these loans not exceed 75% of appraised value or discounted cash flow value, as appropriate, and that commercial properties attain debt coverage ratios (net operating income divided by annual debt servicing) of 1.25 or better.

Our underwriting standards for multifamily residential permanent loans generally require that the loan-to-value ratio for these loans not exceed 80% of appraised value, cost, or discounted cash flow value, as appropriate, and that multifamily residential properties attain debt coverage ratios of 1.15 or better. However, underwriting standards can be influenced by competition and other factors. We endeavor to maintain the highest practical underwriting standards while balancing the need to remain competitive in our lending practices.

Additional considerations for commercial construction loans secured by real estate:

We originate a variety of real estate construction loans. Underwriting guidelines for these loans vary by loan type but include loan-to-value limits, term limits, loan advance limits and pre-leasing requirements, as applicable.

Our underwriting guidelines for commercial real estate construction loans generally require that the loan-to-value ratio not exceed 75% and attain a stabilized debt coverage ratio of 1.25 or better.

Our underwriting guidelines for multifamily residential construction loans generally require that the loan-to-value ratio not exceed 80% and attain a stabilized debt coverage ratio of 1.20 or better.

Our underwriting guidelines for single family residential construction loans to builders generally require that the loan-to-value ratio not exceed 85%.

As noted above, underwriting standards can be influenced by competition and other factors. However, we endeavor to maintain the highest practical underwriting standards while balancing the need to remain competitive in our lending practices.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity risk management is primarily intended to ensure we are able to maintain sources of cash to adequately fund operations and meet our obligations, including demands from depositors, draws on lines of credit and paying any creditors, on a timely and cost-effective basis, in various market conditions. Our liquidity profile is influenced by changes in market conditions, the composition of the balance sheet and risk tolerance levels. HomeStreet, Inc., HSC and the Bank have established liquidity guidelines and operating plans that detail the sources and uses of cash and liquidity.

HomeStreet, Inc., HSC and the Bank have different funding needs and sources of liquidity and separate regulatory capital requirements.

HomeStreet, Inc.

The main source of liquidity for HomeStreet, Inc. is proceeds from dividends from the Bank and HSC. HomeStreet, Inc. has raised capital through the issuance of common stock, senior debt and trust preferred securities. Additionally, we also have an available line of credit from which we can borrow up to $30.0 million. At September 30, 2019, we did not have an outstanding balance on this line of credit.

Historically, the main cash outflows have been distributions to shareholders, interest and principal payments to creditors and payments of operating expenses. HomeStreet, Inc.'s ability to pay dividends to shareholders depends substantially on dividends received from the Bank. We do not currently pay a dividend, and our most recent special dividend to shareholders was declared during the first quarter of 2014. We are generally deploying our capital toward strategic growth, and at this time our Board of Directors has not authorized the payment of a dividend.

In the third quarter of 2019, HomeStreet, Inc. approved a stock repurchase program of up to $25.0 million of our common stock. The Bank declared a dividend payable to HomeStreet, Inc. of $25.0 million as the primary source of liquidity to fund repurchases under this program, although repurchases may be funded from one or a combination of existing cash balances, free cash flow and other available liquidity sources.

HomeStreet Capital Corporation

HomeStreet Capital generates positive cash flow from operations from its servicing fee income on the DUS^® portfolio, net of its costs to service the DUS^® portfolio. Additional uses are HomeStreet Capital's costs to purchase the servicing rights on new production from the Bank. Minimum liquidity and reporting requirements for DUS^® lenders such as HomeStreet Capital are set by Fannie Mae. HomeStreet Capital's liquidity management therefore consists of meeting Fannie Mae requirements and its own operational requirements.

HomeStreet Bank

The Bank's primary sources of funds include deposits, advances from the FHLBs, repayments and prepayments of loans, proceeds from the sale of loans and investment securities, interest from our loans and investment securities and capital contributions from HomeStreet, Inc. We have also raised short-term funds through the sale of securities under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased. While scheduled principal repayments on loans are a relatively predictable source of funds, deposit inflows and outflows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by interest rates, economic conditions and competition. The Bank uses the primary liquidity ratio as a measure of liquidity. The primary liquidity ratio is defined as net cash, short-term investments and other marketable assets as a percent of net deposits and short-term borrowings. At September 30, 2019, our primary liquidity ratio was 18.5% compared to 19.4% at December 31, 2018.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Bank had available borrowing capacity of $1.36 billion and $492.7 million, respectively, from the FHLB, and $282.6 million and $333.5 million, respectively, from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.

Cash Flows

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased by $16.2 million compared to an increase of $14.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The following discussion highlights the major activities and transactions that affected our cash flows during these periods.

Cash flows from operating activities

The Company's operating assets and liabilities are used to support our lending activities, including the origination and sale of mortgage loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash of $182.3 million was provided by operating activities, primarily from proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale, partially offset by the recognition of deferred taxes from the sale of mortgage servicing rights and the net fair value adjustment and gain on sale of loans held for sale. We believe that cash flows from operations, available cash balances and our ability to generate cash through short-term debt are sufficient to fund our operating liquidity needs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash of $228.8 million was provided by operating activities primarily from proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale, partially offset by the net fair value adjustment and gain on sale of loans held for sale.

Cash flows from investing activities

The Company's investing activities primarily include available-for-sale securities and loans originated as held for investment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash of $147.6 million was provided by investing activities, primarily due to $528.7 million from proceeds from sale of loans originated as held for investment, $174.3 million in net cash provided by disposal of discontinued operations, $144.6 million proceeds from the sale of investment securities and $84.9 million from principal repayments and maturities of investment securities, partially offset by $593.3 million of cash used for the origination of portfolio loans net of principal repayments and $47.4 million net cash used for acquisitions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash of $535.5 million was used in investing activities, primarily due to $887.4 million of cash used for the origination of portfolio loans net of principal repayments, $147.1 million of cash used for the purchase of investment securities, and $7.1 million used for the purchase of property and equipment, partially offset by $319.0 million from proceeds from sale of loans originated as held for investment, $65.3 million in proceeds from the sale of mortgage servicing rights, $82.4 million from principal repayments and maturities of investment securities and $38.5 million proceeds from the sale of investment securities.

Cash flows from financing activities

The Company's financing activities are primarily related to deposits and net proceeds from FHLB advances. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash of $313.7 million was used in financing activities, primarily due to $927.0 million net repayments of FHLB advances and $81.1 million from our common stock repurchase program, partially offset by $678.0 million growth in deposits. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash of $292.4 million was provided by financing activities, primarily due to $393.9 million of organic growth in deposits partially offset by $162.5 million net proceeds from FHLB advances.

Capital Management

HomeStreet Inc. is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve and is subject to capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. HomeStreet Bank, as a state-chartered, federally insured commercial bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC.

The capital adequacy requirements are quantitative measures established by regulation that require HomeStreet, Inc. and HomeStreet Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of capital. The Federal Reserve requires HomeStreet Inc. to maintain capital adequacy that generally parallels the FDIC requirements. The FDIC requires the Bank to maintain minimum ratios of Total Capital, Tier 1 Capital, and Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets as well as Tier 1 Leverage Capital to average assets. In addition to the minimum capital ratios, both HomeStreet Inc. and HomeStreet Bank are required to maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional Common Equity Tier 1 Capital of more than 2.5% above the required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses based on percentages of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. (See Item 1, “Business-Regulation,” and Note 3, Regulatory Capital Requirements of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

included in the 2018 Form 10-K for additional information regarding regulatory capital requirements for HomeStreet Inc. and HomeStreet Bank).

At September 30, 2019, our capital conservation buffers for the Company and the Bank were 5.69% and 6.37%, respectively.

At September 30, 2019, the Company and the Bank's capital ratios exceeded all regulatory requirements and continued to meet the regulatory capital category of "well capitalized" as defined by the FDIC's prompt corrective action rules.

The following tables present regulatory capital information for HomeStreet, Inc. and HomeStreet Bank.



	At September 30, 2019
HomeStreet Bank	Actual				For Minimum Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Categorized As "Well Capitalized" Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio


Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)	$	700,561	10.17	%	$	275,468	4.0	%	$	344,335	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	700,561		13.45		234,326		4.5		338,471		6.5
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	700,561		13.45		312,435		6.0		416,580		8.0
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	748,382		14.37		416,580		8.0		520,724		10.0



	At September 30, 2019
HomeStreet, Inc.	Actual				For Minimum Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Categorized As "Well Capitalized" Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio


Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)	$	696,762	10.04	%	$	277,678	4.0	%	$	347,098	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	636,806		11.67		245,563		4.5		354,703		6.5
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	696,762		12.77		327,418		6.0		436,557		8.0
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	747,203		13.69		436,557		8.0		545,697		10.0



	At December 31, 2018
HomeStreet Bank	Actual				For Minimum Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Categorized As "Well Capitalized" Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio


Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)	$	707,710	10.15	%	$	278,898	4.0	%	$	348,622	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	707,710		13.82		230,471		4.5		332,902		6.5
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	707,710		13.82		307,295		6.0		409,726		8.0
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	753,742		14.72		409,726		8.0		512,158		10.0



	At December 31, 2018
HomeStreet, Inc.	Actual				For Minimum Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Categorized As "Well Capitalized" Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio


Tier 1 leverage capital (to average assets)	$	667,301	9.51	%	$	280,592	4.0	%	$	350,740	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	607,388		11.26		242,832		4.5		350,757		6.5
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	667,301		12.37		323,776		6.0		431,701		8.0
Total risk-based capital (to risk-weighted assets)	715,848		13.27		431,701		8.0		539,626		10.0

Accounting Developments

See the Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for a discussion of Accounting Developments.



ITEM 3	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk Management

The following discussion highlights developments since December 31, 2018 and should be read in conjunction with the Market Risk Management discussion within Part II, Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Since December 31, 2018, there have been no material changes in the types of risk management instruments we use or in our hedging strategies.

Market risk is defined as the sensitivity of income, fair value measurements and capital to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and other relevant market rates or prices. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are price and interest rate risks. Price risk is defined as the risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from changes in the value of either assets or liabilities that are entered into as part of distributing or managing risk. Interest rate risk is defined as risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from movements in interest rates.

For the Company, price and interest rate risks arise from the financial instruments and positions we hold. This includes loans, MSRs, investment securities, deposits, borrowings, long-term debt and derivative financial instruments. Due to the nature of our current operations, we are not subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk. Our real estate loan portfolio is subject to risks associated with the local economies of our various markets, in particular, the regional economy of the western United States, including Hawaii.

Our price and interest rate risks are managed by the Bank's Asset/Liability Management Committee ("ALCO"), a management committee that identifies and manages the sensitivity of earnings or capital to changing interest rates to achieve our overall financial objectives. ALCO is a management-level committee whose members include the Chief Investment Officer, acting as the chair, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and other members of management. The committee meets monthly and is responsible for:


•	understanding the nature and level of the Company's interest rate risk and interest rate sensitivity;


•	assessing how that risk fits within our overall business strategies;


•	ensuring an appropriate level of rigor and sophistication in the risk management process for the overall level of risk;


•	complying with and reviewing the asset/liability management policy; and


•	formulating and implementing strategies to improve balance sheet mix and earnings.

The Finance Committee of the Bank's Board provides oversight of the asset/liability management process, reviews the results of interest rate risk analysis and approves submission of the relevant policies to the board.

The spread between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities and the relative dollar amounts of these assets and liabilities are the principal items affecting net interest income. Changes in net interest rates (interest rate risk) are influenced to a significant degree by the repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities (timing risk), the relationship between various rates (basis risk), customer options (option risk) and changes in the shape of the yield curve (time-sensitive risk). We manage the available-for-sale investment securities portfolio while maintaining a balance between risk and return. The Company's funding strategy is to grow core deposits while we efficiently supplement using wholesale borrowings.

We estimate the sensitivity of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates using an interest rate simulation model that includes assumptions related to the level of balance sheet growth, deposit repricing characteristics and the rate of prepayments for multiple interest rate change scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity depends on certain repricing characteristics in our interest-earnings assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including the maturity structure of assets and liabilities and their repricing characteristics during the periods of changes in market interest rates. Effective interest rate risk management seeks to ensure both assets and liabilities respond to changes in interest rates within an acceptable timeframe, minimizing the impact of interest rate changes on net interest income and capital. Interest rate sensitivity is measured as the difference between the volume of assets and liabilities, at a point in time, that are subject to repricing at various time horizons, known as interest rate sensitivity gaps.

The following table presents sensitivity gaps for these different intervals.



	September 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	3 Mos. or Less			More Than 3 Mos. to 6 Mos.			More Than 6 Mos. to 12 Mos.			More Than 12 Mos. to 3 Yrs.			More Than 3 Yrs. to 5 Yrs.			More Than 5 Yrs.			Non-Rate- Sensitive		Total

Interest-earning assets:
Cash & cash equivalents	$	74,788		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	74,788
FHLB Stock	—			—			—			—			—			8,764			—		8,764
Investment securities ⁽¹⁾	44,061			33,569			58,817			186,533			158,281			385,475			—		866,736
Mortgage loans held for sale ⁽³⁾	172,958			—			—			—			—			—			—		172,958
Loans held for investment ⁽¹⁾	1,613,497			352,055			668,703			1,271,992			736,639			496,222			—		5,139,108
Total interest-earning assets	1,905,304			385,624			727,520			1,458,525			894,920			890,461			—		6,262,354
Non-interest-earning assets	—			—			—			—			—			—			490,613		490,613
Assets of discontinued operations	—			—			—			—			—			—			82,911		82,911
Total assets	$	1,905,304		$	385,624		$	727,520		$	1,458,525		$	894,920		$	890,461		$	573,524	$	6,835,878
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW accounts ⁽²⁾	$	421,750		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	421,750
Statement savings accounts ⁽²⁾	220,401			—			—			—			—			—			—		220,401
Money market accounts ⁽²⁾	2,073,907			—			—			—			—			—			—		2,073,907
Certificates of deposit	820,713			590,403			352,055			342,262			30,436			—			—		2,135,869
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
FHLB advances	—			—			—			—			—			5,590			—		5,590
Other borrowings	—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—
Long-term debt ⁽³⁾	60,603			—			—			—			—			65,000			—		125,603
Total interest-bearing liabilities	3,597,374			590,403			352,055			342,262			30,436			70,590			—		4,983,120
Non-interest bearing liabilities	—			—			—			—			—			—			1,156,547		1,156,547
Liabilities of discontinued operations	—			—			—			—			—			—			5,075		5,075
Equity	—			—			—			—			—			—			691,136		691,136
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	3,597,374		$	590,403		$	352,055		$	342,262		$	30,436		$	70,590		$	1,852,758	$	6,835,878
Interest sensitivity gap	$	(1,692,070	)	$	(204,779	)	$	375,465		$	1,116,263		$	864,484		$	819,871
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap	$	(1,692,070	)	$	(1,896,849	)	$	(1,521,384	)	$	(405,121	)	$	459,363		$	1,279,234
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap as a percentage of total assets	(25		)%	(28		)%	(22		)%	(6		)%	7		%	19		%
Cumulative interest-earning assets as a percentage of cumulative interest-bearing liabilities	53		%	55		%	66		%	92		%	109		%	126		%


(1)	Based on contractual maturities, repricing dates and forecasted principal payments assuming normal amortization and, where applicable, prepayments.


(2)	Assumes 100% of interest-bearing non-maturity deposits are subject to repricing in three months or less.


(3)	Based on contractual maturity or our expected sale date.

Changes in the mix of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities can either increase or decrease the net interest margin, without affecting interest rate sensitivity. In addition, the interest rate spread between an earning asset and its funding liability can vary significantly, while the timing of repricing for both the asset and the liability remains the same, thereby impacting net interest income. This characteristic is referred to as basis risk. Varying interest rate environments can create unexpected changes in prepayment levels of assets and liabilities that are not reflected in the interest rate sensitivity analysis. These prepayments may have a significant impact on our net interest margin. Because of these factors, an interest sensitivity gap analysis may not provide an accurate assessment of our actual exposure to changes in interest rates.

The estimated impact on our net interest income over a time horizon of one year and the change in net portfolio value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are provided in the table below. For the scenarios shown, the interest rate simulation assumes an instantaneous and sustained shift in market interest rates and no change in the composition or size of the balance sheet.



	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) ⁽¹⁾	Percentage Change
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) ⁽¹⁾	Net Interest Income ⁽²⁾		Net Portfolio Value ⁽³⁾		Net Interest Income ⁽²⁾		Net Portfolio Value ⁽³⁾
+200	(2.8	)%	1.5	%	(8.3	)%	(13.5	)%
+100	(1.1	)	2.9		(4.1	)	(7.0	)
-100	0.4		(9.2	)	5.0		(0.8	)
-200	1.7		(17.2	)	9.0		(7.0	)


(1)	For purposes of our model, we assume interest rates will not go below zero. This "floor" limits the effect of a potential negative interest rate shock in a low rate environment like the one we are currently experiencing.


(2)	This percentage change represents the impact to net interest income for a one-year period, assuming there is no change in the structure of the balance sheet.


(3)	This percentage change represents the impact to the net present value of equity, assuming there is no change in the structure of the balance sheet.

At September 30, 2019, we believe our net interest income sensitivity did not exhibit a strong bias to either an increase in interest rates or a decline in interest rates. The changes in interest rate sensitivity between December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019 reflected the impact of lower market interest rates, a flatter and inverted yield curve and changes to overall balance sheet composition. Some of the assumptions made in the simulation model may not materialize and unanticipated events and circumstances will occur. Modeling results in extreme interest rate decline scenarios may result in negative rate assumptions which may cause the results to be inherently unreliable. In addition, the simulation model does not take into account any future actions that we could undertake to mitigate an adverse impact due to changes in interest rates from those expected, in the actual level of market interest rates or competitive influences on our deposits.


ITEM 4	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our management and under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2019.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As required by Rule 13a-15(d), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, also conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, as disclosed in our financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company sold a significant portion of its single family mortgage servicing rights. The Company’s Board of Directors also authorized the exit or disposal of the Company’s home loan center-based origination business which resulted in elimination of segment reporting in the first quarter of 2019. Subsequent to the quarter ended March 31, 2019, the Company executed a definitive agreement with Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. to sell the assets of up to 50 stand-alone, satellite, and fulfillment offices. The Company completed the sale of assets related to 47 offices, including the sublease or assignment of leases of such offices, to Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. during the quarter ended June 30, 2019 and closed all remaining mortgage offices. In connection with the adoption of the resolution to exit or dispose of the home loan center-based mortgage business, the sales of single family mortgage servicing rights and entering into a definitive agreement for the sale of assets to Homebridge, the Company adopted discontinued operations accounting for the legacy Mortgage Banking segment. Certain back office infrastructure and operations were also restructured as part of these activities. The combined initiatives were determined to have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over the financial reporting process. We will continue to closely monitor internal control over financial reporting until these initiatives are concluded.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION


ITEM 1	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Because the nature of our business involves, among other things, the collection of numerous accounts, the validity of liens and compliance with various state and federal laws, we are subject to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business related to foreclosures, bankruptcies, condemnation and quiet title actions and alleged statutory and regulatory violations. We are also subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business related to employment and other consumer matters, including purported class and collective actions. We do not expect that these proceedings, taken as a whole, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or our results of operations. There are currently no matters that, in the opinion of management, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operation or liquidity, or for which there would be a reasonable possibility of such a loss based on information known at this time.


ITEM 1A	RISK FACTORS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks faced by us described below and elsewhere in this report.

Risks Related to Our Operations

We may not be able to meet our cost reduction and efficiency goals on the timeline we have projected or on the scale we have anticipated.

Beginning in the second quarter of 2019 following the divestiture of our HLC-based mortgage business, we turned our focus to improving corporate efficiency in our continuing operations and implementing cost cutting measures across the organization. We have identified a range of potential initiatives, including reductions in technology expenses, and personnel as well as organizational restructuring and have begun to implement some of these changes and believe we will be able to substantially complete implementation before the end of 2020. However, we can offer no assurances that all of the cost cutting measures identified can be fully implemented, that the implementation can be completed within that time frame, or that other developments will not arise in the interim to make these cost cutting measures less feasible or have less impact on the efficiency of the organization. We may not be successful in renegotiating contracts for technology services, which may limit our ability to effectively cut costs in that area. We may incur additional unexpected costs as a part of the process which may lower the benefit of the cost cutting initiatives. If the cost cutting initiatives take longer to implement, if we are not able to implement them on the scale we anticipate or if developments occur that limit or offset those cost savings in whole or in part, we may not be able to meet the efficiency and cost reduction goals we have set for the Company on the projected timeline or at all, which could adversely impact our overall results of operations and our stock price. We may not be successful in reducing our overall expenses and improving our efficiency ratio to the level of our peers in the near term, or at all.

Our recent and proposed stock repurchases may not enhance our long-term shareholder value.

During the second and third quarter of 2019, we repurchased 2,656,001 shares of our outstanding common stock in open market transactions pursuant to a stock repurchase plan and a negotiated transaction with an investor group for a total return to shareholders of approximately $81.1 million in capital. In September 2019, the Board of Directors authorized an additional stock repurchase plan, conditioned on approval or non-objection from our regulators, which was recently obtained, of up to $25 million in additional outstanding shares of our common stock through open market purchases, negotiated transactions and otherwise, which we expect to begin in the fourth quarter of 2019. While the intent of the repurchases is to return capital to shareholders to improve the long-term value of our stock, we cannot be assured that our stock repurchase programs will actually enhance long-term shareholder value. Repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase programs may affect our stock price and increase its volatility in the short term, and the existence of a stock repurchase program may also cause our stock price to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and potentially may have reduced the market liquidity for our stock during the time the plan is in effect. Additionally, repurchases under our stock repurchase program have reduced our equity and regulatory capital ratios, which could impact our ability to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions. There can be no assurance that any stock repurchases will enhance shareholder value because the market price of our common stock may decline below the levels at which we repurchased shares of stock. Although our stock repurchase program is intended to enhance long-term shareholder value, in the short term our stock price may fluctuate and shareholders may not immediately see an increase to the value of their holdings.

If we are not able to retain or attract key employees, we could experience a disruption in our ability to implement our strategic plan which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

The Company is going through a time of transition: we have recently divested our HLC-based mortgage business and significantly reduced our employee headcount, slowed the growth of our continuing operations and begun implementing steps aimed at improving our profitability and efficiency. These transitions have resulted in some uncertainty among our continuing employees because we have also identified a number of corporate positions that are being eliminated as we seek to improve the efficiency of our remaining operations and reduce our overhead expenses, which may cause some employees who we would want to retain, either in the near-term or long-term, to seek other opportunities. If a key employee or a substantial number of employees depart whom we were seeking to retain, it may negatively impact our ability to conduct business as usual. The low unemployment rates in many of our primary job markets, including Seattle, may leave us especially vulnerable to the loss of these employees. Similarly, this uncertainty may make it more challenging for us to attract and retain qualified and desirable candidates to fill open positions at the Company. The loss of our key personnel or an inability to continue to attract, retain and motivate key personnel could adversely affect our business.

Changes in interest rates, competition in our industry, operational costs and other factors beyond our control may adversely impact our profitability.

Factors outside of our control, including changing interest rate environments, regulatory decisions, increased competition, a flattening yield curve and other forces of market volatility, can have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations, including decreasing net interest income, decreasing profitability, increasing the cost of loan origination and adversely impacting our hedging strategies. For instance, the decreasing interest rate environment in the third quarter of 2019, which resulted in a temporary inversion of the yield curve, had an adverse impact on our net interest margin and prompted an increase in loan prepayments, which also decreased the overall yield of our loan portfolio as higher interest loans being prepaid were replaced with loans originated with lower interest rates, all of which impacted our results of operations. On the other hand, increases in interest rates in 2018, combined with other factors, negatively impacted our origination volume, especially with respect to single family mortgages. While we are subject to these market forces, we do not have any control over them and may not be able to predict changes that could have a significant impact on us.

We may incur significant losses as a result of ineffective hedging of interest rate risk related to our loans sold with retained servicing rights.

Both the value of our single family mortgage servicing rights, or MSRs, and the value of our single family loans held for sale change with fluctuations in interest rates, among other things, reflecting the changing expectations of mortgage prepayment activity. To mitigate potential losses of fair value of single family loans held for sale and MSRs related to changes in interest rates, we actively hedge this risk with financial derivative instruments. Hedging is a complex process, requiring sophisticated models, experienced and skilled personnel and continual monitoring. Changes in the value of our hedging instruments may not correlate with changes in the value of our single family loans held for sale and MSRs, and our hedging activities may be impacted by unforeseen or unexpected changes. Therefore, our hedging activities may be insufficient to reduce impact of interest rate fluctuations on single family loans held for sale and MSRs.

Natural disasters in our geographic markets may negatively impact our financial results.

Each of our primary markets are located in geographic regions that are at a risk for earthquakes, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, floods, mudslides and other natural disasters. Certain communities in our markets have suffered significant losses from natural disasters, including devastating wildfires in California, Oregon and Washington, and volcanic eruptions and hurricanes in Hawaii. While the impact of these recent natural disasters on our business have not been material to date, we have in the past had temporary office closures during these events, and were a more significant disruption to occur in the future, our operations in areas impacted by such disasters could experience an adverse financial impact due to office closures, and our financial results could be impacted due to an inability of our customers to meet their loan commitments in a timely manner because of their losses, a reduction in housing inventory due to loss caused by natural disaster and negative impacts to the local economy as it seeks to recover from these disasters.

Our business is geographically confined to certain metropolitan areas of the Western United States, and events and conditions that disproportionately affect those areas may pose a more pronounced risk for our business.

Although we presently have retail deposit branches in four states, with lending offices in these states and two others, a substantial majority of our revenues are derived from operations in the Puget Sound region of Washington, the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside and San Diego metropolitan areas in Southern California. All of our markets are located in the Western United States. Each of our primary markets is subject to various types of natural disasters, and many have experienced disproportionately significant economic volatility compared to the rest of the United States in the past. In addition, many of these areas have been experiencing a constriction in the availability of houses for sale in recent periods as new home construction has not kept pace with population growth in our primary markets, in part due to limitations on permitting and land availability. Economic events or natural disasters that affect the Western United States and our primary markets in that region in particular, or more significantly, may have an unusually pronounced impact on our business and, because our operations are not more geographically diversified, we may lack the ability to mitigate those impacts from operations in other regions of the United States.

The significant concentration of real estate secured loans in our portfolio has had a negative impact on our asset quality and profitability in the past and there can be no assurance that it will not have such impact in the future.

A substantial portion of our loans are secured by real property. Our real estate secured lending is generally sensitive to national, regional and local economic conditions, making loss levels difficult to predict. Declines in real estate sales and prices, significant increases in interest rates, unforeseen natural disasters and a decline in prevailing economic conditions may result in higher than expected loan delinquencies, foreclosures, problem loans, other real estate owned ("OREO"), net charge-offs and provisions for credit and OREO losses. Although real estate prices are currently stable in the markets in which we operate, if market values decline significantly, as they did in the last recession, the collateral for our loans may provide less security and, our ability, to recover the principal, interest and costs due on defaulted loans by selling the underlying real estate will be diminished, leaving us more likely to suffer additional losses on defaulted loans. Such declines may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and capital of financial institutions whose loan portfolios are more diversified.

Deterioration in the real estate markets in which we operate and higher than normal delinquency and default rates on loans could cause other adverse consequences for us, including:


•	Reduced cash flows and capital resources, as we are required to make cash advances to meet contractual obligations to investors, process foreclosures, and maintain, repair and market foreclosed properties;


•	Declining mortgage servicing fee revenues because we recognize these revenues only upon collection;


•	Increasing mortgage servicing costs;


•	Declining fair value on our mortgage servicing rights; and


•	Declining fair values and liquidity of securities held in our investment portfolio that are collateralized by mortgage obligations.

Changes in government-sponsored enterprises and their ability to insure or to buy our loans in the secondary market may result in significant changes in our ability to recognize income on sale of our loans to third parties.

We originate a substantial portion of our single family mortgage loans for sale to government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE") such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. Changes in the types of loans purchased by these GSEs or the program requirements for those entities could adversely impact our ability to sell certain of the loans we originate for sale. For example, as a result of Section 309 of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, which was enacted into law in May 2018, a few of our VA-qualified loans we had originated for sale to Ginnie Mae were deemed to be ineligible for sale to Ginnie Mae under the revised terms of that entity’s program and we were required to find a different way to sell these loans. Such changes are difficult to predict and can have a negative impact on our cash flow and results of operations.

Proxy contests commenced against the Company have caused us to incur substantial costs, diverted the attention of the Board of Directors and management, taken up management's attention and resources, caused uncertainty about the strategic direction of our business and adversely affected our business, operating results and financial condition, and future proxy contests could do so as well.

A proxy contest or other activist campaign and related actions, such as the recent contest by Roaring Blue Lion Capital Management and related entities in 2018 and 2019, could have a material and adverse effect on us for the following reasons:


•	Activist investors may attempt to effect changes in the Company's strategic direction and how the Company is governed, or to acquire control over the Company.

•

While the Company welcomes the opinions of all shareholders, responding to proxy contests and related actions by activist investors could be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, and divert the attention of our Board of Directors and senior management and employees away from their regular duties and the pursuit of business opportunities. In addition, there may be litigation in connection with a proxy contest, as was the case with our 2018 proxy fight, which would serve as a further distraction to our Board of Directors, senior management and employees and could require the Company to incur significant additional costs.

•

Perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of potential changes to the composition of the Board of Directors may lead to the perception of a change in the strategic direction of the business, instability or lack of continuity which may be exploited by our competitors; may cause concern to our existing or potential customers and employees; may result in the loss of potential business opportunities; and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners.


•	Proxy contests and related actions by activist investors could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based on temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.

We may have deficiencies in internal controls over financial reporting that we have not discovered which may result in our inability to maintain control over our assets or to identify and accurately report our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Our internal controls over financial reporting are intended to ensure we maintain accurate records, promote the accurate and timely reporting of our financial information, maintain adequate control over our assets, and detect unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets. Effective internal and disclosure controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud and to operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results may be harmed.

As part of our ongoing monitoring of internal control, from time to time we have discovered deficiencies in our internal controls that have required remediation. In the past, these deficiencies have included "material weaknesses," defined as a deficiency or combination of deficiencies that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected.

Management has a process in place to document and analyze all identified internal control deficiencies and implement measures sufficient to remediate those deficiencies. To support our strategic initiatives, as well as to reflect the strategic shift in the business and to create operating efficiencies, we have implemented, and will continue to implement, new systems and processes and we will continue to realign our resources, including reductions in certain areas of corporate support operations, in line with our new strategies. If our change management processes are not sound and adequate resources are not deployed to support these implementations and changes, we may experience additional internal control deficiencies that could expose the Company to operating losses. Moreover, any failure to maintain effective controls or timely implement any necessary improvement of our internal and disclosure controls in the future could harm operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.

Our allowance for credit losses may prove inadequate or we may be negatively affected by credit risk exposures. Future additions to our allowance for credit losses, as well as charge-offs in excess of reserves, will reduce our earnings.

Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. As with most financial institutions, we maintain an allowance for credit losses to reflect potential defaults and nonperformance, which represents management's best estimate of probable incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management's estimate is based on our continuing evaluation of specific credit risks and loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, present economic, political and regulatory conditions, industry concentrations and other factors that may indicate future loan losses. Generally, our nonperforming loans and OREO reflect operating difficulties of individual borrowers and weaknesses in the economies of the markets we serve. This allowance may not be adequate to cover actual losses, and future provisions for losses could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and requires us to make estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. In addition, beginning January 1, 2020, our methodology for determining our allowance for loan losses will change as we implement the Current Expected Credit Losses, or CECL, accounting standard. We anticipate the adoption of CECL will result in an estimated 0%-10% increase in our allowance for credit losses, although the actual amount of the increase will depend on factors related to the composition of our loan portfolio that will not be known prior to implementation.

In addition, as we have acquired new operations, we have added the loans previously held by the acquired companies or related to the acquired branches to our books, including loans acquired from Silvergate Bank in March 2019. If we make additional acquisitions in the future, we may bring additional loans originated by other institutions onto our books. Although we review loan quality as part of our due diligence in considering any acquisition involving loans, the addition of such loans may increase our credit risk exposure, require an increase in our allowance for loan losses, and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows stemming from losses on those additional loans.

Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we report our financial condition and results of operations, and we use estimates in determining the fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be imprecise and result in significant changes in valuation.

A portion of our assets are carried on the balance sheet at fair value, including investment securities available for sale, mortgage servicing rights related to single family loans and single family loans held for sale. Generally, for assets that are reported at fair value, we use quoted market prices or internal valuation models that use observable market data inputs to estimate their fair value. In certain cases, observable market prices and data may not be readily available or their availability may be diminished due to market conditions. We use financial models to value certain of these assets. These models are complex and use asset-specific collateral data and market inputs for interest rates. Although we have processes and procedures in place governing internal valuation models and their testing and calibration, such assumptions are complex as we must make judgments about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Different assumptions could result in significant changes in valuation, which in turn could affect earnings or result in significant changes in the dollar amount of assets reported on the balance sheet. From time to time, we may choose to retire or replace existing financial models and reassess assumptions underlying the models, which may impact our operational risks.

Our funding sources may prove insufficient to replace deposits and support our future growth.

We must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. As a part of our liquidity management, we use a number of funding sources in addition to core deposit growth and repayments and maturities of loans and investments, including Federal Home Loan Bank advances, proceeds from the sale of loans, federal funds purchased, brokered certificates of deposit and issuance of equity or debt securities. Adverse operating results or changes in industry conditions could lead to difficulty or an inability to access these additional funding sources and could make our existing funds more volatile. Our financial flexibility may be materially constrained if we are unable to maintain our access to funding or if adequate financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable interest rates. When interest rates change, the cost of our funding may change at a different rate than our interest income. For example, in 2018, the FHLB increased rates on their advances in a quick response to increases in rates by the Federal Reserve and implemented those increased costs earlier than we have been able to increase our own interest income. This asymmetry of the speed at which interests rates change on our liabilities as opposed to our assets may have a negative impact on our net interest income and, in turn, our financial results. If we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources to support future growth, our revenues may not increase proportionately to cover our costs. In that case, our operating margins and profitability would be adversely affected. Further, the volatility inherent in some of these funding sources, particularly brokered deposits, may increase our exposure to liquidity risk.

Our management of capital could adversely affect profitability measures and the market price of our common stock and could dilute the holders of our outstanding common stock.

Our capital ratios are higher than regulatory minimums. We may choose to have lower capital ratios in the future in order to take advantage of growth opportunities, including acquisition and organic loan growth, to return additional capital to our shareholders or in order to take advantage of a favorable investment opportunity. On the other hand, we may again in the future elect to raise capital through a sale of our debt or equity securities in order to have additional resources to pursue our growth, including by acquisition, fund our business needs and meet our commitments, or as a response to changes in economic conditions that make capital raising a prudent choice. In the event the quality of our assets or our economic position were to deteriorate significantly, as a result of market forces or otherwise, we may also need to raise additional capital in order to remain compliant with capital standards.

We may not be able to raise such additional capital at the time when we need it, or on terms that are acceptable to us. Our ability to raise additional capital will depend in part on conditions in the capital markets at the time, which are outside our control, and in part on our financial performance. Further, if we need to raise capital in the future, especially if it is in response to changing market conditions, we may need to do so when many other financial institutions are also seeking to raise capital, which would create competition for investors. An inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, any capital raising alternatives could dilute the holders of our outstanding common stock and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

The integration of recent and future acquisitions could consume significant resources and may not be successful.

We completed four whole-bank acquisitions and acquired nine stand-alone branches between September 2013 and September 30, 2019, all of which required substantial resources and costs related to the acquisition and integration process. There are certain risks related to the integration of operations of acquired banks and branches, which we may continue to encounter if we acquire other banks or branches in the future, including risks related to the investigation and consideration of the potential acquisition and the costs of undertaking such a transaction, as well as integrating acquired businesses into the Company, including risks that arise after the transaction is completed. Difficulties in pursuing or integrating any new acquisitions, and potential discoveries of additional losses or undisclosed liabilities with respect to the assets and liabilities of acquired companies, may increase our costs and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Further, even if we successfully address these factors and are successful in closing acquisitions and integrating our systems with the acquired systems, we may nonetheless experience customer losses, or we may fail to grow the acquired businesses as we intend or to operate the acquired businesses at a level that would avoid losses or justify our investments in those companies.

In addition, we may choose to issue additional common stock for future acquisitions, or we may instead choose to pay the consideration in cash or a combination of stock and cash. Any issuances of stock relating to an acquisition may have a dilutive effect on earnings per share, book value per share or the percentage ownership of existing shareholders depending on the value of the assets or entity acquired. Alternatively, the use of cash as consideration in any such acquisitions could impact our capital position and may require us to raise additional capital.

If we breach any of the representations or warranties we make to a purchaser or securitizer of our loans or MSRs, we may be liable to the purchaser or securitizer for certain costs and damages.

When we sell or securitize loans, we are required to make certain representations and warranties to the purchaser about the loans and the manner in which they were originated. Our agreements require us to repurchase loans if we have breached any of these representations or warranties, in which case we may be required to repurchase such loan and record a loss upon repurchase and/or bear any subsequent loss on the loan. We may not have any remedies available to us against a third party for such losses, or the remedies available to us may not be as broad as the remedies available to the purchaser of the loan against us. In addition, if there are remedies against a third party available to us, we face further risk that such third party may not have the financial capacity to perform remedies that otherwise may be available to us. Therefore, if a purchaser enforces remedies against us, we may not be able to recover our losses from a third party and may be required to bear the full amount of the related loss.

We recently sold a substantial portion of our MSRs related to our large scale mortgage business, which may increase our exposure to these risks due to the volume of MSR sales outside of our historical ordinary course of business.

If we experience increased repurchase and indemnity demands on loans or MSRs that we have sold or that we sell from our portfolios in the future, our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

If we breach any representations or warranties or fail to follow guidelines when originating a FHA/HUD-insured loan or a VA-guaranteed loan, we may lose the insurance or guarantee on the loan and suffer losses, pay penalties, and/or be subjected to litigation from the federal government.

We originate and purchase, sell and thereafter service single family loans, some of which are insured by FHA/HUD or guaranteed by the VA. We certify to the FHA/HUD and the VA that the loans meet their requirements and guidelines. The FHA/HUD and VA audit loans that are insured or guaranteed under their programs, including audits of our processes and procedures as well as individual loan documentation. Violations of guidelines can result in monetary penalties or require us to provide indemnifications against loss or loans declared ineligible for their programs. In the past, monetary penalties and losses from indemnifications have not created material losses to the Bank. FHA/HUD perform regular audits, and HUD's Inspector General is active in enforcing FHA regulations with respect to individual loans, including partnering with the Department of Justice ("DOJ") to bring lawsuits against lenders for systemic violations. The penalties resulting from such lawsuits can be severe, since systemic violations can be applied to groups of loans and penalties may be subject to treble damages. The DOJ has used the Federal False Claims Act and other federal laws and regulations in prosecuting these lawsuits. Because of our significant origination of FHA/HUD insured and VA guaranteed loans, if the DOJ were to find potential violations by the Bank, we could be subject to material monetary penalties and/or losses, and may even be subject to lawsuits alleging systemic violations which could result in treble damages.

100

We may face risk of loss if we purchase loans from a seller that fails to satisfy its indemnification obligations.

We generally receive representations and warranties from the originators and sellers from whom we purchase loans and servicing rights such that if a loan defaults and there has been a breach of such representations and warranties, we may be able to pursue a remedy against the seller of the loan for the unpaid principal and interest on the defaulted loan. However, if the originator and/or seller breaches such representations and warranties and does not have the financial capacity to pay the related damages, we may be subject to the risk of loss for such loan as the originator or seller may not be able to pay such damages or repurchase loans when called upon by us to do so. Currently, we only purchase loans from WMS Series LLC, an affiliated business arrangement with certain Windermere real estate brokerage franchise owners, and from Homebridge Financial Services LLC under a loan purchase agreement that we entered into in connection with the HLC Business Sale in mid-2019.

Changes in fee structures by third party loan purchasers may decrease our loan production volume and the margin we can recognize on loans and may adversely impact our results of operations.

Changes in the fee structures by third party loan purchasers may increase our costs of doing business and, in turn, increase the cost of loans to our customers and the cost of selling loans to third party loan purchasers. Increases in those costs could in turn decrease our margin and negatively impact our profitability. Were any of our third party loan purchasers to make such changes in the future, it may have a negative impact on our ability to originate loans to be sold because of the increased costs of such loans and may decrease our profitability with respect to loans held for sale. In addition, any significant adverse change in the level of activity in the secondary market or the underwriting criteria of these third party loan purchasers could negatively impact our results of business, operations and cash flows.

We may incur additional costs in placing loans if our third party purchasers discontinue doing business with us for any reason.

We rely on third party purchasers with whom we place loans as a source of funding for the loans we make to customers. Occasionally, third party loan purchasers may go out of business, elect to exit the market or choose to cease doing business with us for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to the increased burdens on purchasers related to compliance, adverse market conditions or other pressures on the industry. In the event that one or more third party purchasers goes out of business, exits the market or otherwise ceases to do business with us at a time when we have loans that have been placed with such purchaser but not yet sold, we may incur additional costs to sell those loans to other purchasers or may have to retain such loans, which could negatively impact our results of operations and our capital position.

Our real estate lending may expose us to environmental liabilities.

In the course of our business, it is necessary to foreclose and take title to real estate, including commercial real estate which could subject us to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. Hazardous substances or waste, contaminants, pollutants or sources thereof may be discovered on properties during our ownership or after a sale to a third party. We could be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances or chemical releases at such properties. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial and could substantially exceed the value of the real property. In addition, if we were to be an owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. We may be unable to recover costs from any third party. These occurrences may materially reduce the value of the affected property, and we may find it difficult or impossible to use or sell the property prior to or following any environmental remediation. If we become subject to significant environmental liabilities, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

101

Market-Related Risks

Fluctuations in interest rates could adversely affect the value of our assets and reduce our net interest income and noninterest income, thereby adversely affecting our earnings and profitability.

Interest rates may be affected by many factors beyond our control, including general and economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of various governmental and regulatory authorities. For example, unexpected increases in interest rates can result in a higher percentage of rate lock customers closing loans, which would in turn increase our costs relative to income. On the other hand, decreases in interest rates may increase loan prepayment speeds, resulting in an overall decrease in the yield of our loan portfolio, and may have a negative impact on our net interest margins and results of operations. Changes in interest rates over the past year have impacted our business. Rising interest rates in 2018 reduced our mortgage revenues by reducing the market for refinancing, thereby negatively impacting demand for certain of our residential loan products and the revenue realized on the sale of loans and our noninterest income and, to a lesser extent, our net interest income. Subsequently, decreasing interest rates in 2019 negatively impacted our net interest margin while also reducing the overall yield of our loans held for investment portfolio as existing loans bearing higher interest rates are being prepaid at a faster rate and replaced in the portfolio with lower interest rate loans.

Market volatility in interest rates also can be difficult to predict, as unexpected interest rate changes may result in a sudden impact while anticipated changes in interest rates generally impact the mortgage rate market prior to the actual rate change.

Our earnings are also dependent on the difference between the interest earned on loans and investments and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Changes in market interest rates impact the rates earned on loans and investment securities and the rates paid on deposits and borrowings and may negatively impact our ability to attract deposits, make loans and achieve satisfactory interest rate spreads, which could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. In addition, changes to market interest rates may impact the level of loans, deposits and investments and the credit quality of existing loans.

Asymmetrical changes in interest rates, for example a greater increase in short term rates than in long term rates, could adversely impact our net interest income because our liabilities, including advances from the FHLB and interest payable on our deposits, tend to be more sensitive to short term rates while our assets tend to be more sensitive to long term rates. In addition, it may take longer for our assets to reprice to adjust to a new rate environment because fixed rate loans do not fluctuate with interest rate changes and adjustable rate loans often have a specified period of reset. As a result, a flattening or an inversion of the yield curve, such as occurred in the third quarter of 2019, is likely to have a negative impact on our net interest income.

Our securities portfolio also includes securities that are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or government-sponsored enterprises and other securities that are sensitive to interest rate fluctuations. The unrealized gains or losses in our available-for-sale portfolio are reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity until realized upon sale. Interest rate fluctuations may impact the value of these securities and as a result, shareholders' equity, and may cause material fluctuations from quarter to quarter. Failure to hold our securities until maturity or until market conditions are favorable for a sale could adversely affect our financial condition.

We have significantly decreased our home loan mortgage origination operations which may limit our ability to increase our volume significantly in the event of a significant improvement in the mortgage market.

Due primarily to a combination of increases in mortgage rates after many years of record low rates and a nationwide contraction in the number of homes available for sale which is especially acute in our primary markets, we have experienced a significant reduction in the overall number of mortgage products being purchased in the past two to three years as compared to prior periods. In response, to those market conditions, in 2019 we sold or divested substantially all of the assets related to our stand alone home loan center-based mortgage origination business, including a significant portion of our mortgage servicing rights portfolio originated through those channels, facilitated the transfer of a significant number of our related employees to the purchaser of those assets and terminated a number of other related positions. As a result of these actions, we have a significantly smaller home loan mortgage operation than we have had in the recent past. If the mortgage market were to significantly improve, we would not have the capacity to originate mortgages to the volume we have had in recent years, which would limit our ability to capitalize on that market.

The price of our common stock is subject to volatility.

The price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past and may face additional and potentially substantial fluctuations in the future. Among the factors that may impact our stock price are the following:

102


•	Variances in our operating results;


•	Disparity between our operating results and the operating results of our competitors;


•	Changes in analyst's estimates of our earnings results and future performance, or variances between our actual performance and that forecast by analysts;


•	News releases or other announcements of material events relating to the Company, including but not limited to mergers, acquisitions, expansion plans, restructuring activities or other strategic developments;


•	Statements made by activist investors criticizing our strategy, our management team or our Board of Directors;


•	Future securities offerings by us of debt or equity securities;


•	Repurchase activity by us under our stock repurchase program;


•	Addition or departure of key personnel;


•	Market-wide events that may be seen by the market as impacting the Company;


•	The presence or absence of short-selling of our common stock;


•	General financial conditions of the country or the regions in which we operate;


•	Trends in real estate in our primary markets;


•	Trends relating to the economic markets generally; or


•	Changes in laws and regulations affecting financial institutions.

The stock markets in general experience substantial price and trading fluctuations, and such changes may create volatility in the market as a whole or in the stock prices of securities related to particular industries or companies that are unrelated or disproportionate to changes in operating performance of the Company. Such volatility may have an adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Current economic conditions continue to pose significant challenges for us and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We generate revenue from the interest and fees we charge on the loans and other products and services we sell, and a substantial amount of our revenue and earnings comes from the net interest income and noninterest income that we earn from our commercial lending and mortgage banking businesses. Our operations have been, and will continue to be, materially affected by the state of the U.S. economy, particularly unemployment levels and home prices. A prolonged period of slow growth or a pronounced decline in the U.S. economy, or any deterioration in general economic conditions and/or the financial markets resulting from these factors, or any other events or factors that may signal a return to a recessionary economic environment, could dampen consumer confidence, adversely impact the models we use to assess creditworthiness, and materially adversely affect our financial results and condition. If the economy worsens and unemployment rises, which also would likely result in a decrease in consumer and business confidence and spending, the demand for our credit products, including our mortgages, may fall, reducing our net interest income and noninterest income and our earnings. Significant and unexpected market developments may also make it more challenging for us to accurately forecast our expected financial results.

A change in federal monetary policy could adversely impact our revenues from lending activities.

The Federal Reserve Board is responsible for regulating the supply of money in the United States, and as a result, its monetary policies strongly influence our costs of funds for lending and investing, as well as the rate of return we are able to earn on those loans and investments, both of which impact our net interest income and net interest margin. Changes in interest rates may increase our cost of capital or decrease the income we receive from interest bearing assets, and asymmetrical changes in short term and long-term interest rates may result in a more rapid increase in the costs related to interest-bearing liabilities such as FHLB advances and interest-bearing deposit accounts without a correlated increase in the income from interest-bearing assets which are typically more sensitive to long-term interest rates. The Federal Reserve Board's interest rate policies can also materially affect the value of financial instruments we hold, including debt securities, MSRs and derivative instruments used to hedge against changes in the value of our MSRs. These monetary policies can also negatively impact our borrowers, which in turn may increase the risk that they will be unable to pay their loans according to the terms or be unable to pay their loans at all. We have no control over the Federal Reserve Board’s policies and cannot predict when changes are expected or what the magnitude of such changes may be.

A portion of our revenue is derived from residential mortgage lending which is a market sector that experiences significant volatility.

Historically, a substantial portion of our consolidated net revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income) have been derived from originating and selling residential mortgages. While we have recently significantly decreased the size of our residential mortgage business through the sale of our HLC-based mortgage business, we expect to continue to offer mortgage lending on a smaller scale, and therefore will remain subject to the volatility of that market sector. Residential mortgage lending

103

in general has experienced substantial volatility in recent periods due to changes in interest rates, a significant lack of housing inventory caused by an increase in demand for housing at a time of decreased supply in our principal markets, and other market forces beyond our control. Lack of housing inventory limits our ability to originate purchase mortgages because it may take longer for loan applicants to find a home to buy after being pre-approved for a loan, which results in the Company incurring costs related to the pre-approval without being able to book the revenue from an actual loan. In addition, interest rate changes may result in lower rate locks and higher closed loan volume which can negatively impact our financial results because we book revenue at the time we enter into rate lock agreements after adjusting for the estimated percentage of loans that are not expected to actually close, which we refer to as "fallout". When interest rates rise, the level of fallout as a percentage of rate locks declines, which results in higher costs relative to income for that period, which may adversely impact our earnings and results of operations. In addition, an increase in interest rates may materially and adversely affect our future loan origination volume, margins, and the value of the collateral securing our outstanding loans, may increase rates of borrower default, and may otherwise adversely affect our business.

We may incur losses due to changes in prepayment rates.

Our loan servicing rights carry interest rate risk because the total amount of servicing fees earned, as well as changes in fair-market value, fluctuate based on expected loan prepayments (affecting the expected average life of a portfolio of residential mortgage servicing rights). The rate of prepayment of loans generally may be impacted by changes in interest rates and general economic conditions while residential mortgage loans also may be influenced by pressures in the local real estate markets, among other things. During periods of declining interest rates, or increases in real estate values, many borrowers refinance their loans. Changes in prepayment rates are therefore difficult for us to predict. The loan servicing fee income (related to the loan servicing rights corresponding to a loan) decreases as loans are prepaid. Consequently, in the event of an increase in prepayment rates, we would expect the fair value of portfolios of loan servicing rights to decrease along with the amount of loan servicing income received. In the first quarter of 2019, we sold a significant portion of our mortgage servicing rights, however we will continue to be exposed to such risks on a smaller scale with respect to the servicing rights we expect to retain going forward.

Regulatory-Related Risks

We are subject to extensive regulation that may restrict our activities, including declaring cash dividends or capital distributions or pursuing growth initiatives and acquisition activities, and imposes financial requirements or limitations on the conduct of our business.

Our operations are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local governmental authorities, including the FDIC, the Washington Department of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Board, and to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements and restrictions on part or all of our operations. The laws, rules and regulations to which we are subject evolve and change frequently, including changes that come from judicial or regulatory agency interpretations of laws and regulations outside of the legislative process that may be more difficult to anticipate. We are subject to various examinations by our regulators during the course of the year. Regulatory authorities who conduct these examinations have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the authority to restrict our operations, our growth and our acquisition activity, adversely reclassify our assets, determine the level of deposit insurance premiums assessed, require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, require customer restitution and impose fines or other penalties. For example, in November 2019, we entered into a Stipulation and Consent to the Issuance of an Order to Pay Civil Money Penalty (the “Stipulation and Consent”) with the FDIC based on alleged violations of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act raised by the FDIC during a 2016 compliance examination relating to certain marketing programs. These marketing programs, all of which we have terminated, were associated with the stand-alone home loan center mortgage origination business that we discontinued in 2019, and is accounted for in discontinued operations. We paid a civil money penalty of $1.35 million in connection with the Stipulation and Consent. We have fully resolved the matters that were at issue in the Stipulation and Consent without any additional sanctions. In addition, we have, in the past, been subject to specific regulatory orders that constrained our business and required us to take measures that investors may have deemed undesirable, and we may again in the future be subject to such orders if banking regulators were to determine that our operations require such restrictions or if they determine that remediation of operational or other legal or regulatory deficiencies is required.

104

In addition, recent political shifts in the United States may result in additional significant changes in legislation and regulations that impact us, although the possibility, nature and extent of any repeals or revisions to Dodd-Frank or any other regulations impacting financial institutions are not presently known and we cannot predict whether or not these changes will come to pass. These circumstances lead to additional uncertainty regarding our regulatory environment and the cost and requirements for compliance. We are unable to predict whether federal or state authorities, or other pertinent bodies, will enact legislations, laws, rules or regulations that will impact our business or operations. Further, an increasing amount of the regulatory authority that pertains to financial institutions is in the form of informal "guidance" such as handbooks, guidelines, examination manuals, field interpretations by regulators or similar provisions that will affect our business or require changes in our practices in the future even if they are not formally adopted as laws or regulations. Any such changes could adversely affect our cost of doing business and our profitability.

Changes in regulation of our industry have the potential to create higher costs of compliance, including short-term costs to meet new compliance standards, limit our ability to pursue business opportunities and increase our exposure to potential fines, penalties and litigation.

Policies and regulations enacted by CFPB may negatively impact our residential mortgage loan business and increase our compliance risk.

Our consumer business, including our mortgage, credit card, and other consumer lending and non-lending businesses, may be adversely affected by the policies enacted or regulations adopted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") which under the Dodd-Frank Act has broad rulemaking authority over consumer financial products and services. For example, in January 2014 federal regulations promulgated by the CFPB took effect which impact how we originate and service residential mortgage loans. Those regulations, among other things, require mortgage lenders to assess and document a borrower's ability to repay their mortgage loan while providing borrowers the ability to challenge foreclosures and sue for damages based on allegations that the lender failed to meet the standard for determining the borrower's ability to repay their loan. While the regulations include presumptions in favor of the lender based on certain loan underwriting criteria, they have not yet been challenged widely in courts and it is uncertain how these presumptions will be construed and applied by courts in the event of litigation. The ultimate impact of these regulations on the lender's enforcement of its loan documents in the event of a loan default, and the cost and expense of doing so, is uncertain, but may be significant. In addition, the secondary market demand for loans that do not fall within the presumptively safest category of a "qualified mortgage" as defined by the CFPB is uncertain. Furthermore, the CFPB is considering allowing the “GSE Patch” provision of these regulations to expire. The “GSE Patch” grants a safe harbor to lenders, such as HomeStreet, to originate loans over a 43 percent debt to income (“DTI”) ratio and to use Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac standards for documentation. The impact of the expiration of this provision on HomeStreet and the U.S. mortgage market is uncertain. Finally, the 2014 regulations also require changes to certain loan servicing procedures and practices, which have resulted in increased foreclosure costs and longer foreclosure timelines in the event of loan default, and failure to comply with the new servicing rules may result in additional litigation and compliance risk.

The CFPB was also given authority over the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, or RESPA, under the Dodd-Frank Act and has, in some cases, interpreted RESPA requirements differently than other agencies, regulators and judicial opinions. As a result, certain practices that have been considered standard in the industry, including relationships that have been established between mortgage lenders and others in the mortgage industry such as developers, realtors and insurance providers, are now being subjected to additional scrutiny under RESPA. Our regulators, including the FDIC, review our practices for compliance with RESPA as interpreted by the CFPB. Changes in RESPA requirements and the interpretation of RESPA requirements by our regulators may result in adverse examination findings by our regulators, leading to enforcement actions, fines and penalties, such as those associated with the recent Stipulation and Consent discussed above.

In addition to RESPA compliance, the Bank is also subject to the CFPB's Final Integrated Disclosure Rule, commonly known as TRID, which became effective in October 2015. Among other things, TRID requires lenders to combine the initial Good Faith Estimate and Initial Truth in Lending disclosures into a single new Loan Estimate disclosure and the HUD-1 and Final TIL disclosures into a single new Closing Disclosure. The definition of an application and timing requirements has changed, and a new Closing Disclosure waiting period has been added. These changes, along with other changes required by TRID, require significant systems modifications, process and procedure changes. Failure to comply with these new requirements may result in regulatory penalties for disclosure and other violations under RESPA and the Truth In Lending Act ("TILA"), and private right of action under TILA, and may impact our ability to sell or the price we receive for certain loans.

In addition, the CFPB has adopted and largely implemented additional rules under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act ("HMDA") that are intended to improve information reported about the residential mortgage market and increase disclosure about consumer access to mortgage credit. The updates to the HMDA increase the types of dwelling-secured loans that are subject to the disclosure requirements of the rule and expand the categories of information that financial institutions such as the

105

Bank are required to report with respect to such loans and such borrowers, including potentially sensitive customer information. Most of the rule's provisions went into effect on January 1, 2018. These changes increased our compliance costs due to the need for additional resources to meet the enhanced disclosure requirements as well as informational systems to allow the Bank to properly capture and report the additional mandated information. The volume of new data that is required to be reported under the updated rules will also cause the Bank to face an increased risk of errors in the processing of such information. More importantly, because of the sensitive nature of some of the additional customer information to be included in such reports, the Bank may face a higher potential for security breaches resulting in the disclosure of sensitive customer information in the event the HMDA reporting files were obtained by an unauthorized party.

Interpretation of federal and state legislation, case law or regulatory action may negatively impact our business.

Regulatory and judicial interpretation of existing and future federal and state legislation, case law, judicial orders and regulations could also require us to revise our operations and change certain business practices, impose additional costs, reduce our revenue and earnings and otherwise adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. For instance, judges interpreting legislation and judicial decisions made during the recent financial crisis could allow modification of the terms of residential mortgages in bankruptcy proceedings which could hinder our ability to foreclose promptly on defaulted mortgage loans or expand assignee liability for certain violations in the mortgage loan origination process, any or all of which could adversely affect our business or result in our being held responsible for violations in the mortgage loan origination process. In addition, the exercise by regulators of revised and at times expanded powers under existing or future regulations could materially and negatively impact the profitability of our business, the value of assets we hold or the collateral available for our loans, require changes to business practices, limit our ability to pursue growth strategies or force us to discontinue certain business practices and expose us to additional costs, taxes, liabilities, penalties, enforcement actions and reputational risk.

Such judicial decisions or regulatory interpretations may affect the manner in which we do business and the products and services that we provide, restrict our ability to grow through acquisition, restrict our ability to compete in our current business or expand into any new business, and impose additional fees, assessments or taxes on us or increase our regulatory oversight.

Federal, state and local consumer protection laws may restrict our ability to offer and/or increase our risk of liability with respect to certain products and services and could increase our cost of doing business.

Federal, state and local laws have been adopted that are intended to eliminate certain practices considered "predatory" or "unfair and deceptive". These laws prohibit practices such as steering borrowers away from more affordable products, failing to disclose key features, limitations, or costs related to products and services, failing to provide advertised benefits, selling unnecessary insurance to borrowers, repeatedly refinancing loans, imposing excessive fees for overdrafts, and making loans without a reasonable expectation that the borrowers will be able to repay the loans irrespective of the value of the underlying property. It is our policy not to make predatory loans or engage in deceptive practices, but these laws and regulations create the potential for liability with respect to our lending, servicing, loan investment, deposit taking and other financial activities. As a company with a significant mortgage banking operation, we also, inherently, have a significant amount of risk of noncompliance with fair lending laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are complex and require vigilance to ensure that policies and practices do not create disparate impact on our customers or that our employees do not engage in overt discriminatory practices. Noncompliance can result in significant regulatory actions including, but not limited to, sanctions, fines or referrals to the Department of Justice and restrictions on our ability to execute our growth and expansion plans. These risks are enhanced when we engage in growth activities. If we offer products and services to customers in additional states, we may become subject to additional state and local laws designed to protect consumers. The additional laws and regulations may increase our cost of doing business and ultimately may prevent us from making certain loans, offering certain products, and may cause us to reduce the average percentage rate or the points and fees on loans and other products and services that we do provide.

Significant legal or regulatory actions could subject us to substantial uninsured liabilities and reputational harm and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We are from time to time subject to claims and proceedings related to our operations. These claims and legal actions could include supervisory or enforcement actions by our regulators, or criminal proceedings by prosecutorial authorities, or claims by former and current employees, including class, collective and representative actions. Such actions are a substantial management distraction and could involve large monetary claims, including civil money penalties or fines imposed by government authorities and significant defense costs. For example, since 2016 we used considerable management time and resources and incurred additional legal and other costs associated with the matters resulting in the recent Stipulation and Consent Agreement with the FDIC in November 2019, pursuant to which we recently paid a penalty of $1.35 million.

106

To mitigate the cost of some of these claims, we maintain insurance coverage in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are appropriate for our operations. However, our insurance coverage does not cover any civil money penalties or fines imposed by government authorities and may not cover all other claims that might be brought against us, including certain wage and hour class, collective and representative actions brought by employees or former employees. In addition, such insurance coverage may not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost or at all. As a result, we may be exposed to substantial uninsured liabilities, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could cause significant reputational harm to us and/or could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are subject to more stringent capital requirements under Basel III.

As of January 1, 2015, we became subject to new rules relating to capital standards requirements, including requirements contemplated by Section 171 of the Dodd-Frank Act as well as certain standards initially adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, which standards are commonly referred to as Basel III. Many of these rules apply to both the Company and the Bank, including increased common equity Tier 1 capital ratios, Tier 1 leverage ratios, Tier 1 risk-based ratios and total risk-based ratios. In addition, beginning in 2016, all institutions subject to Basel III, including the Company and the Bank are required to establish a "conservation buffer" that took full effect on January 1, 2019. This conservation buffer consists of common equity Tier 1 capital and is now required to be 2.5% above existing minimum capital ratio requirements. This means that, in order to prevent certain regulatory restrictions, the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio requirement is now 7.0%, the Tier 1 risk-based ratio requirement is 8.5% and the total risk-based capital ratio requirement is 10.5%. Any institution that does not meet the conservation buffer will be subject to restrictions on certain activities including payment of dividends, stock repurchases and discretionary bonuses to executive officers.

Additional prompt corrective action rules implemented in 2015 also apply to the Bank, including higher and new ratio requirements for the Bank to be considered "well-capitalized." The new rules also modify the manner for determining when certain capital elements are included in the ratio calculations, including but not limited to, requiring certain deductions related to MSRs and deferred tax assets. For more on these regulatory requirements and how they apply to the Company and the Bank, see "Business - Regulation and Supervision of HomeStreet Bank - Capital and Prompt Corrective Action Requirements - Capital Requirements" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. The application of more stringent capital requirements could, among other things, result in lower returns on invested capital and result in regulatory actions if we were to be unable to comply with such requirements. In addition, if we need to raise additional equity capital in order to meet these more stringent requirements, our shareholders may be diluted.

Changes in accounting standards may require us to increase our Allowance for Loan Losses and could materially impact our financial statements.

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. For example, in June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which changes, among other things, the way companies must record expected credit losses on financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, including loans held for investment, available for sale and held-to-maturity debt securities, trade and other receivables, net investment in leases and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. ASU 2016-13 requires that financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. This differs from current US GAAP which is based on incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio and moves to a current estimate of all expected credit losses based on relevant information about past events including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2020.

For purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination ("PCD assets") that are measured at amortized cost, an allowance for expected credit losses will be recorded as an adjustment to the cost basis of the asset. Subsequent changes in estimated cash flows would be recorded as an adjustment to the allowance and through the statement of income. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a direct write-down to the security's cost basis. For most debt securities, the transition approach requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period the guidance is effective. For other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities and PCD assets, the guidance will be applied prospectively.

107

We have substantially completed the evaluation of the provisions of this ASU and determined based on forecasted economic conditions and portfolio composition at September 30, 2019, the adoption of the CECL standard is estimated to result in an overall allowance for credit losses increase of 0% to 10%, as compared to our current aggregate reserve levels.

HomeStreet, Inc. primarily relies on dividends from the Bank, which may be limited by applicable laws and regulations.

HomeStreet, Inc. is a separate legal entity from the Bank, and although we may receive some dividends from HomeStreet Capital Corporation, the primary source of our funds from which we service our debt, pay any dividends that we may declare to our shareholders and otherwise satisfy our obligations is dividends from the Bank. The availability of dividends from the Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations, capital rules regarding requirements to maintain a "well capitalized" ratio at the bank, as well as by our policy of retaining a significant portion of our earnings to support the Bank's operations. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources Capital Management" as well as "Regulation and Supervision of HomeStreet Bank - Capital and Prompt Corrective Action Requirements" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. If the Bank cannot pay dividends to us, we may be limited in our ability to service our debt, fund the Company's operations and acquisition plans and pay dividends to the Company's shareholders. While the Company has paid special dividends in some prior quarters, we have not adopted a policy to pay dividends. Instead, in recent years our Board of Directors has elected to retain capital for growth or redistribute capital to shareholders through share repurchase programs that authorize repurchase in the public market rather than to declare a dividend. We have not declared dividends in any recent quarters, and the potential of future dividends is subject to board approval, cash flow limitations, capital requirements, capital and strategic needs and other factors.

The financial services industry is highly competitive.

We face pricing competition for loans and deposits. We also face competition with respect to customer convenience, product lines, accessibility of service and service capabilities. Our most direct competition comes from other banks, credit unions, mortgage companies and savings institutions but more recently has also come from financial technology (or "fintech") companies that rely heavily on technology to provide financial services and often target a younger customer demographic. The significant competition in attracting and retaining deposits and making loans as well as in providing other financial services throughout our market area may impact future earnings and growth. Our success depends, in part, on the ability to adapt products and services to evolving industry standards and provide consistent customer service while keeping costs in line. There is increasing pressure to provide products and services at lower prices, which can reduce net interest income and non-interest income from fee-based products and services. New technology-driven products and services are often introduced and adopted, including innovative ways that customers can make payments, access products and manage accounts. We could be required to make substantial capital expenditures to modify or adapt existing products and services or develop new products and services. We may not be successful in introducing new products and services or those new products may not achieve market acceptance. We could lose business, be forced to price products and services on less advantageous terms to retain or attract clients, or be subject to cost increases if we do not effectively develop and implement new technology. In addition, advances in technology such as telephone, text and on-line banking, e-commerce and self-service automatic teller machines and other equipment, as well as changing customer preferences to access our products and services through digital channels, could decrease the value of our branch network and other assets. As a result of these competitive pressures, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.

108

Risks Related to Information Systems and Security

A failure in or breach of our security systems or infrastructure, including breaches resulting from cyber-attacks, could disrupt our businesses, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and cause losses.

Information security risks for financial institutions have increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, activists, and other external parties. Those parties also may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers, or other users of our systems to disclose confidential information in order to gain access to our data or that of our customers. Our operations rely on the secure processing, transmission and storage of confidential information in our computer systems and networks, either managed directly by us or through our data processing vendors. In addition, to access our products and services, our customers may use personal computers, smartphones, tablet PCs, and other mobile devices that are beyond our control systems. Although we believe we have robust information security procedures and controls, we rely heavily on our third party vendors, technologies, systems, networks and our customers' devices all of which may become the target of cyber-attacks, computer viruses, malicious code, unauthorized access, hackers or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss, theft or destruction of our confidential, proprietary and other information or that of our customers, or disrupt our operations or those of our customers or third parties.

To date we are not aware of any material losses that we have incurred relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, but there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such attacks, breaches and losses in the future. Our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats, our plans to continue to evolve our Internet banking and mobile banking channel, our expanding operations and the outsourcing of a significant portion of our business operations. As a result, the continued development and enhancement of our information security controls, processes and practices designed to protect customer information, our systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority for our management. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to insure, modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate important information security vulnerabilities or exposures; however, our measures may be insufficient to prevent all physical and electronic break-ins, denial of service and other cyber-attacks or security breaches.

Disruptions or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support our businesses and customers, or cyber-attacks or security breaches of the networks, systems or devices that our customers use to access our products and services could result in customer attrition, uninsured financial losses, the inability of our customers to transact business with us, employee productivity losses, technology replacement costs, incident response costs, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, additional regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage, litigation, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.

We rely on third party vendors and other service providers for certain critical business activities, which creates additional operational and information security risks for us.

Third parties with which we do business or that facilitate our business activities, including exchanges, clearing houses, financial intermediaries, agents or vendors that provide services or security solutions for our operations, could also be sources of operational and information security risk to us, including from interruptions or failures of their own systems, cybersecurity or ransomware attacks, capacity constraints or failures of their own internal controls. Specifically, we receive core systems processing, essential web hosting and other Internet systems and deposit and other processing services from third-party service providers. In late February 2018, one of our vendors provided notice to us that their independent auditors had determined their internal controls to be inadequate. While we do not believe this particular failure of internal controls would have an impact on us due to the strength of our own internal controls, future failures of internal controls of a vendor could have a significant impact on our operations if we do not have controls to cover those issues. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2019, we were advised by a third party providing services with access to certain of our systems that they had been subjected to a cybersecurity incident. We took measures to limit our vulnerability to such an attack and reviewed our own systems to determine that there was no apparent impact to our systems. However, the interruption caused by the breach in this third party's systems has limited their ability to provide us with contracted services which had the potential to increase our costs of doing business. To date, none of our third party vendors or service providers has notified us of any security breach in their systems that has breached the integrity of our confidential customer data. However, such third parties may also be targets of cyber-attacks, computer viruses, malicious code, unauthorized access, hackers, ransomware attacks or information security breaches that could compromise the confidential or proprietary information of HomeStreet and our customers.

109

In addition, if any third-party service providers experience difficulties or terminate their services and we are unable to replace them with other service providers, our operations could be interrupted and our operating expenses may materially increase. If an interruption were to continue for a significant period of time, our business financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Some of our primary third party service providers are subject to examination by banking regulators and may be subject to enhanced regulatory scrutiny due to regulatory findings during examinations of such service providers conducted by federal regulators. While we subject such vendors to higher scrutiny and monitor any corrective measures that the vendors are taking or would undertake, we cannot fully anticipate and mitigate all risks that could result from a breach or other operational failure of a vendor's system.

Others provide technology that we use in our own regulatory compliance, including our mortgage loan origination technology. If those providers fail to update their systems or services in a timely manner to reflect new or changing regulations, or if our personnel operate these systems in a non-compliant manner, our ability to meet regulatory requirements may be impacted and may expose us to heightened regulatory scrutiny and the potential for monetary penalties.

In addition, in order to safeguard our online financial transactions, we must provide secure transmission of confidential information over public networks. Our Internet banking system relies on third party encryption and authentication technologies necessary to provide secure transmission of confidential information. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptology or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms our third-party service providers use to protect customer data. If any such compromise of security were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The failure to protect our customers' confidential information and privacy could adversely affect our business.

We are subject to federal and state privacy regulations and confidentiality obligations that, among other things restrict the use and dissemination of, and access to, certain information that we produce, store or maintain in the course of our business. We also have contractual obligations to protect certain confidential information we obtain from our existing vendors and customers. These obligations generally include protecting such confidential information in the same manner and to the same extent as we protect our own confidential information, and in some instances may impose indemnity obligations on us relating to unlawful or unauthorized disclosure of any such information.

Recently passed legislation in the European Union (the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR) and in California (the California Privacy Act) may increase the burden and cost of compliance specifically in the realm of consumer data privacy. We are still evaluating the potential impact of these new regulations on our business and do not yet know exactly what the impact may be but anticipate that there will be at least some added cost and burden as a result of these measures. In addition, other federal, state or local governments may try to implement similar legislation, which could result in different privacy standards for different geographical regions, which could require significantly more resources for compliance.

If we do not properly comply with privacy regulations and contractual obligations that require us to protect confidential information, or if we experience a security breach or network compromise, we could experience adverse consequences, including regulatory sanctions, penalties or fines, increased compliance costs, remedial costs such as providing credit monitoring or other services to affected customers, litigation and damage to our reputation, which in turn could result in decreased revenues and loss of customers, all of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The network and computer systems on which we depend could fail for reasons not related to security breaches.

Our computer systems could be vulnerable to unforeseen problems other than a cyber-attack or other security breach. Because we conduct a part of our business over the Internet and outsource several critical functions to third parties, operations will depend on our ability, as well as the ability of third-party service providers, to protect computer systems and network infrastructure against damage from fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, physical break-ins or similar catastrophic events. Any damage or failure that causes interruptions in operations may compromise our ability to perform critical functions in a timely manner (or may give rise to perceptions of such compromise) and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations as well as our reputation and customer or vendor relationships.

We continually encounter technological change, and we may have fewer resources than many of our competitors to invest in technological improvements.

110

The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our clients by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy client demands for convenience, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many national vendors provide turn-key services to community banks, such as Internet banking and remote deposit capture that allow smaller banks to compete with institutions that have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able, however, to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers.

Anti-Takeover Risk

Some provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws and certain provisions of Washington law may deter takeover attempts, which may limit the opportunity of our shareholders to sell their shares at a favorable price.

Some provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of deterring or delaying attempts by our shareholders to remove or replace management, to commence proxy contests, or to effect changes in control. These provisions include:


•	A phased-out classified Board of Directors so that until 2022, only a portion of our board of directors will be elected each year;


•	Elimination of cumulative voting in the election of directors;


•	Procedures for advance notification of shareholder nominations and proposals;


•	The ability of our Board of Directors to amend our bylaws without shareholder approval; and


•	The ability of our Board of Directors to issue shares of preferred stock without shareholder approval upon the terms and conditions and with the rights, privileges and preferences as the board of directors may determine.

In addition, as a Washington corporation, we are subject to Washington law which imposes restrictions on business combinations and similar transactions between a corporation and certain significant shareholders. These provisions, alone or together, could have the effect of deterring or delaying changes in incumbent management, proxy contests or changes in control. These restrictions may limit a shareholder's ability to benefit from a change-in-control transaction that might otherwise result in a premium unless such a transaction is favored by our Board of Directors.


ITEM 2	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

Shares repurchased, on a settlement-date basis, pursuant to the common equity repurchase program during the three months ended September 30, 2019, were as follows.



(in thousands, expect share and per share information)	Total shares of common stock purchased			Average price paid per share of common stock ⁽⁴⁾				Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plan	Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase ^{(1) (3)}
July	1,692,401	⁽²	⁾	$	31.16	⁽²	⁾	—	$	—
August	—			—				—	—
September	—			—				—	25,000
Three months ended September 30, 2019	1,692,401			31.16				—

(1) On March 28, 2019 and September 26, 2019 the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to $75 million and $25 million, respectively, of its issued and outstanding common stock, no par value, at prevailing market rates at the time of such purchase.

(2) On July 11, 2019, pursuant to an agreement approved by our Board of Directors outside of the repurchase program, we purchased an additional 1,692,401 shares of common stock from Blue Lion Capital and its affiliates for $31.16 per share (which price represents the five-day volume weighted average price prior to the date of HomeStreet's 2019 annual meeting) for a total purchase price of $52.7 million. We executed the purchase on July 11, 2019 upon receiving a required notice from the Federal Reserve of its non-objection to the purchase.

(3) On June 20, 2019 we suspended the March share repurchase program, and subsequently terminated it on July 25, 2019.

(4) Excludes commissions cost

111


ITEM 3	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.


ITEM 4	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.


ITEM 5	OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

112


ITEM 6	EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX



Exhibit Number		Description

3.1⁽¹⁾		Restated Articles of Incorporation of HomeStreet, Inc.
3.2 ⁽¹⁾		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Homestreet, Inc.
10.1 ⁽²⁾		Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2019, by and among HomeStreet, Inc., Blue Lion Opportunity Master Fund, L.P., Roaring Blue Lion Capital Management, L.P., Roaring Blue Lion, LLC, BLOF II LP, Charles W. Griege, Jr. and Ronald K. Tanemura
10.2 ⁽³⁾		Amendment No. 1 to Purchase and Assumption Agreement dated as of April 10, 2019 by and between Homebridge Financial Services, Inc. and HomeStreet Bank
10.3 ⁽⁴⁾		Purchase and Assumption Agreement dated as of April 4, 2019 by and between Homebridge Financial Services, Inc., and HomeStreet Bank
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
32 ⁽⁵⁾		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Furnished herewith.
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)




(1)	Filed as an exhibit to HomeStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-35424) filed on July 31, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
(2)	Filed as an exhibit to HomeStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-35424) filed on July 11, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
(3)	Filed as an exhibit to HomeStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-35424) filed on April 12, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
(4)	Filed as an exhibit to HomeStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-35424) filed on April 4, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
(5)	This exhibit shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

113

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Seattle, State of Washington, on November 6, 2019.



	HomeStreet, Inc.

	By:	/s/ Mark K. Mason
		Mark K. Mason
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)



	HomeStreet, Inc.

	By:	/s/ Mark R. Ruh
		Mark R. Ruh
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

114