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HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORP /DE/ - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)





UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q 

[X]
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
OR
[  ]
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission file number 1-10890

HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
37-0911756
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1 Horace Mann Plaza, Springfield, Illinois      62715-0001
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: 217-789-2500

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes   X   No      

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes   X   No      

Indicate by check mark the registrant’s filer status, as such terms are defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
  X
 
Accelerated filer
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
 
Smaller reporting company
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.       

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act.
Yes        No   X  

As of April 30, 2018, the registrant had 40,893,687 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.







HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2018
INDEX
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Page
 
 
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 






REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
 
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Horace Mann Educators Corporation:

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information
We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Horace Mann Educators Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated interim financial information). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial information for it to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
 
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 28, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
This consolidated interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of consolidated interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
 
/s/ KPMG LLP
KPMG LLP
 
 
Chicago, Illinois
 
May 9, 2018
 
 


1



HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
($ in thousands, except per share data)

 
 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
Investments
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities, available for sale, at fair value
(amortized cost 2018, $7,373,552; 2017, $7,302,950)
 
$
7,634,682

 
$
7,724,075

Equity securities, at fair value (cost 2017, $116,320)
 
131,023

 
135,466

Short-term and other investments
 
458,957

 
492,807

Total investments
 
8,224,662

 
8,352,348

Cash
 
23,951

 
7,627

Deferred policy acquisition costs
 
280,165

 
257,826

Goodwill
 
47,396

 
47,396

Other assets
 
352,804

 
381,182

Separate Account (variable annuity) assets
 
2,139,564

 
2,151,961

Total assets
 
$
11,068,542

 
$
11,198,340

 
 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Policy liabilities
 
 
 
 
Investment contract and life policy reserves
 
$
5,598,678

 
$
5,573,735

Unpaid claims and claim expenses
 
358,317

 
347,749

Unearned premiums
 
254,401

 
260,539

Total policy liabilities
 
6,211,396

 
6,182,023

Other policyholder funds
 
720,521

 
724,261

Other liabilities
 
294,846

 
341,053

Long-term debt
 
297,536

 
297,469

Separate Account (variable annuity) liabilities
 
2,139,564

 
2,151,961

Total liabilities
 
9,663,863

 
9,696,767

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, authorized
1,000,000 shares; none issued
 

 

Common stock, $0.001 par value, authorized 75,000,000 shares;
issued, 2018, 65,610,067; 2017, 65,439,245
 
66

 
65

Additional paid-in capital
 
466,277

 
464,246

Retained earnings
 
1,254,394

 
1,231,177

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:
 
 
 
 

Net unrealized investment gains on securities
 
178,040

 
300,177

Net funded status of benefit plans
 
(13,217
)
 
(13,217
)
Treasury stock, at cost, 2018, 24,721,533 shares;
2017, 24,721,372 shares
 
(480,881
)
 
(480,875
)
Total shareholders’ equity
 
1,404,679

 
1,501,573

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
 
$
11,068,542

 
$
11,198,340










See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

2



HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
($ in thousands, except per share data)

 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance premiums and contract charges earned
 
 
$
202,998

 
$
195,722

Net investment income
 
 
91,864

 
90,711

Net investment losses
 
 
(1,654
)
 
(242
)
Other income
 
 
2,281

 
1,113

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
 
 
295,489

 
287,304

 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefits, losses and expenses
 
 


 


Benefits, claims and settlement expenses
 
 
143,562

 
144,096

Interest credited
 
 
50,035

 
48,774

DAC amortization expense
 
 
26,705

 
24,886

Operating expenses
 
 
48,169

 
48,756

Interest expense
 
 
3,172

 
2,956

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total benefits, losses and expenses
 
 
271,643

 
269,468

 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
 
 
23,846

 
17,836

Income tax expense
 
 
3,691

 
2,518

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
 
$
20,155

 
$
15,318

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share
 
 


 


Basic
 
 
$
0.49

 
$
0.37

Diluted
 
 
$
0.48

 
$
0.37

 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of shares and equivalent shares
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
 
41,497

 
41,135

Diluted
 
 
41,653

 
41,342

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment losses
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on securities
 
 
$
(110
)
 
$
(2,797
)
Portion of losses recognized in other
comprehensive income
 
 

 

Net other-than-temporary impairment losses
on securities recognized in earnings
 
 
(110
)
 
(2,797
)
Sales and other
 
 
2,203

 
2,484

Change in fair value - equity securities
 
 
(5,186
)
 

Change in fair value and gains (losses) realized on settlements -
derivative instruments
 
 
1,439

 
71

Total
 
 
$
(1,654
)
 
$
(242
)




See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3



HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
($ in thousands)

 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
 
$
20,155

 
$
15,318

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
Change in net unrealized investment gains
(losses) on securities
 
 
(107,096
)
 
22,533

Change in net funded status of benefit plans
 
 

 

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 
 
(15,041
)
 

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
(122,137
)
 
22,533

Total
 
 
$
(101,982
)
 
$
37,851

 








































See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4



HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
($ in thousands, except per share data)

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
65

 
$
65

Options exercised, 2018, 56,614 shares; 2017, 33,764 shares
 

 

Conversion of common stock units, 2018, 11,804 shares;
2017, 15,981 shares
 

 

Conversion of restricted stock units, 2018, 105,116 shares;
2017, 247,620 shares
 
1

 

Ending balance
 
66

 
65

 
 
 
 
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
464,246

 
453,479

Options exercised and conversion of common stock
units and restricted stock units
 
(125
)
 
(750
)
Share-based compensation expense
 
2,156

 
2,253

Ending balance
 
466,277

 
454,982

 
 
 
 
 
Retained earnings
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
1,231,177

 
1,155,732

Net income
 
20,155

 
15,318

Dividends, 2018, $0.285 per share;
2017, $0.275 per share
 
(11,979
)
 
(11,518
)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 
15,041

 

Ending balance
 
1,254,394

 
1,159,532

 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
286,960

 
163,921

Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) on securities
 
(107,096
)
 
22,533

Change in net funded status of benefit plans
 

 

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 
(15,041
)
 

Ending balance
 
164,823

 
186,454

 
 
 
 
 
Treasury stock, at cost
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, 2018, 24,721,372 shares;
2017, 24,672,932 shares
 
(480,875
)
 
(479,215
)
Acquisition of shares, 2018, 161 shares;
2017, 0 shares
 
(6
)
 

Ending balance, 2018, 24,721,533 shares;
2017, 24,672,932 shares
 
(480,881
)
 
(479,215
)
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ equity at end of period
 
$
1,404,679

 
$
1,321,818









See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

5



HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
($ in thousands)

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flows - operating activities
 
 
 
 
Premiums collected
 
$
179,456

 
$
172,588

Policyholder benefits paid
 
(131,090
)
 
(127,823
)
Policy acquisition and other operating expenses paid
 
(72,592
)
 
(74,763
)
Income taxes paid
 
690

 
11

Investment income collected
 
93,426

 
91,840

Interest expense paid
 
(256
)
 
(63
)
Other
 
2,492

 
11,008

 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
72,126

 
72,798

 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows - investing activities
 
 

 
 

Fixed maturity securities
 
 

 
 

Purchases
 
(308,450
)
 
(318,629
)
Sales
 
89,894

 
110,872

Maturities, paydowns, calls and redemptions
 
151,722

 
190,068

Equity securities
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
(2,208
)
 
(15,502
)
Sales and repayments
 
2,048

 
5,489

Purchase of other invested assets
 
(13,856
)
 
(24,177
)
Net cash provided by (used in) short-term and other investments
 
47,146

 
(32,406
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash used in investing activities
 
(33,704
)
 
(84,285
)
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows - financing activities
 
 

 
 

Dividends paid to shareholders
 
(11,638
)
 
(11,518
)
Acquisition of treasury stock
 
(6
)
 

Proceeds from exercise of stock options
 
1,136

 
723

Withholding tax payments on RSUs tendered
 
(2,061
)
 
(2,532
)
Annuity contracts: variable, fixed and FHLB funding agreements
 
 

 
 

Deposits
 
98,837

 
117,311

Benefits, withdrawals and net transfers to
Separate Account (variable annuity) assets
 
(112,272
)
 
(99,757
)
Life policy accounts
 
 
 
 

Deposits
 
1,111

 
1,183

Withdrawals and surrenders
 
(1,329
)
 
(1,066
)
Change in bank overdrafts
 
4,124

 
(2,934
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
 
(22,098
)
 
1,410

 
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash
 
16,324

 
(10,077
)
 
 
 
 
 
Cash at beginning of period
 
7,627

 
16,670

 
 
 
 
 
Cash at end of period
 
$
23,951

 
$
6,593


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

6



HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
March 31, 2018 and 2017
($ in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Horace Mann Educators Corporation (HMEC; and together with its subsidiaries, the Company or Horace Mann) have been prepared in accordance with United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), specifically Regulation S-X and the instructions to Form 10-Q. Certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but are not required for interim reporting purposes, have been omitted. The Company believes that these consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2018, the consolidated results of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (1) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (2) disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and (3) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
The subsidiaries of HMEC market and underwrite personal lines of property and casualty insurance products (primarily personal lines of automobile and property insurance), retirement products (primarily tax-qualified annuities) and life insurance, primarily to K-12 teachers, administrators and other employees of public schools and their families. HMEC’s principal operating subsidiaries are Horace Mann Life Insurance Company, Horace Mann Insurance Company, Teachers Insurance Company, Horace Mann Property & Casualty Insurance Company and Horace Mann Lloyds.
 
These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes to consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
The results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Investment Contract and Life Policy Reserves
 
This table summarizes the Company’s investment contract and life policy reserves.
($ in thousands)
 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
Investment contract reserves
 
$
4,471,733

 
$
4,452,972

Life policy reserves
 
1,126,945

 
1,120,763

Total
 
$
5,598,678

 
$
5,573,735



7

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation (Continued)


Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) represents the accumulated change in shareholders’ equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-shareholder sources. For the Company, AOCI includes the after tax change in net unrealized investment gains and losses on securities and the after tax change in net funded status of defined benefit plans for the periods as shown in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity. The following tables reconcile these components.
($ in thousands)
 
Net Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses on Securities (1)(2)
 
Defined Benefit Plans (1)
 
Total (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, January 1, 2018
 
$
300,177

 
$
(13,217
)
 
$
286,960

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(109,539
)
 

 
(109,539
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss)
 
2,443

 

 
2,443

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (3)
 
(15,041
)
 

 
(15,041
)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(122,137
)
 

 
(122,137
)
Ending balance, March 31, 2018
 
$
178,040

 
$
(13,217
)
 
$
164,823

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, January 1, 2017
 
$
175,738

 
$
(11,817
)
 
$
163,921

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
22,330

 

 
22,330

Amounts reclassified from accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss)
 
203

 

 
203

Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
 
22,533

 

 
22,533

Ending balance, March 31, 2017
 
$
198,271

 
$
(11,817
)
 
$
186,454

________________
(1)
All amounts are net of tax.
(2)
The pretax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), $(3,092) thousand and $(313) thousand, are included in net investment gains and losses and the related income tax expenses, $(649) thousand and $(110) thousand, are included in income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3)
The Company adopted guidance on January 1, 2018 that resulted in reclassifying $15,041 thousand of after tax unrealized gains on equity securities from AOCI to Retained earnings.

Comparative information for elements that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period is located in Note 2 -- Investments -- Net Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses on Securities.
 
Adopted Accounting Standards
 
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance to provide a single comprehensive model in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The guidance applies to all contracts with customers; however, certain insurance contracts are specifically excluded from this updated guidance. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. The guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or disclosures.


8

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation (Continued)


Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities
In January 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance to improve certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. Among other things, the guidance revises the accounting related to the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach that resulted in reclassifying $15,041 thousand of after tax unrealized gains on equity securities from AOCI to Retained earnings. The Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations were impacted as changes in fair value of equity securities are now being reported in Net investment gains and losses instead of reported in other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI).
Statement of Cash Flows -- Classification
In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance to reduce diversity in practice in the statement of cash flows between operating, investing and financing activities related to the classification of cash receipts and cash payments for eight specific issues. The FASB acknowledged that current GAAP either is unclear or does not include specific guidance on these eight cash flow classification issues: (1) debt prepayment or extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon bonds (pertains to issuers); (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims (pertains to claimants); (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method investees; (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions (pertains to transferors) and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2018 using a retrospective approach which had no impact to the prior year amounts reported in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
On February 14, 2018, the FASB issued accounting guidance that permits recognition of a reclassification adjustment between AOCI and Retained earnings for stranded tax amounts related to the reduced corporate tax rate enacted under the Tax Act. As permitted under its provisions, the Company early adopted the accounting guidance effective for the quarterly period that ended December 31, 2017 and elected to reclassify the stranded tax amounts. The impact from early adoption resulted in an increase to AOCI and a reduction to Retained earnings of approximately $47,900 thousand; representing the stranded deferred tax liabilities of $50,034 thousand and $(2,134) thousand for Net unrealized investment gains and losses on securities and Defined benefit plans, respectively.
Pending Accounting Standards

Accounting for Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting and disclosure guidance to improve financial reporting and comparability among organizations about leasing transactions. Under the new guidance, for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months, a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Consistent with current accounting guidance, the recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or an operating lease. However, while current guidance requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, the new guidance will require both operating and capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. In transition to the new guidance, companies are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years. Early application is permitted. While the Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the guidance, it does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements, except for recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities for its operating leases. The Company's lease obligations under various non-cancellable operating lease agreements amounted to approximately $9,093 thousand at March 31, 2018.

9

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation (Continued)


Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments, including reinsurance receivables, held by companies. The new guidance replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology and requires an organization to measure and recognize all current expected credit losses (CECL) for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Companies will need to utilize forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Companies will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. Any credit losses related to available for sale debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses with this allowance having a limit equal to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. The guidance also requires enhanced qualitative and quantitative disclosures to provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. For public business entities that are SEC filers, the guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years, using a modified-retrospective approach. Early application is permitted for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Management is evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the results of operations and financial position of the Company.

Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
 
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance will remain largely unchanged. Entities will continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. The same one-step impairment test will be applied to goodwill at all reporting units, even those with zero or negative carrying amounts. Entities will be required to disclose the amount of goodwill for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. Public business entities should adopt the guidance prospectively for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application is permitted. Management believes the adoption of this accounting guidance will not have a material effect on how it tests goodwill for impairment.



10

Note 2 - Investments

The Company’s investment portfolio includes free-standing derivative financial instruments (currently over the counter index call option contracts) to economically hedge risk associated with its fixed indexed annuity (FIA) and indexed universal life (IUL) products’ contingent liabilities. The Company’s FIA and IUL products include embedded derivative features that are discussed in Note 1 -- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies -- Investment Contract and Life Policy Reserves -- Reserves for Fixed Indexed Annuities and Indexed Universal Life Policies of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s investment portfolio included no other free-standing derivative financial instruments (futures, forwards, swaps, option contracts or other financial instruments with similar characteristics), and there were no other embedded derivative features related to the Company’s investment or insurance products during the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Fixed Maturity Securities

The Company’s investment portfolio is comprised primarily of fixed maturity securities. The amortized cost, net unrealized investment gains and losses, fair values and other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) included in AOCI of all fixed maturity securities in the portfolio were as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost/Cost
 
Unrealized
Investment
Gains
 
Unrealized
Investment
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
OTTI in
AOCI (2)
March 31, 2018 (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and federally
sponsored agency obligations (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
$
699,629

 
$
22,930

 
$
11,601

 
$
710,958

 
$

Other, including U.S. Treasury securities
 
760,390

 
18,797

 
17,220

 
761,967

 

Municipal bonds
 
1,721,046

 
149,774

 
9,516

 
1,861,304

 

Foreign government bonds
 
94,870

 
4,307

 
136

 
99,041

 

Corporate bonds
 
2,383,394

 
112,451

 
14,575

 
2,481,270

 

Other mortgage-backed securities
 
1,714,223

 
16,621

 
10,702

 
1,720,142

 

Totals
 
$
7,373,552

 
$
324,880

 
$
63,750

 
$
7,634,682

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and federally
sponsored agency obligations (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
$
669,297

 
$
30,460

 
$
3,032

 
$
696,725

 
$

Other, including U.S. Treasury securities
 
714,613

 
26,311

 
5,516

 
735,408

 

Municipal bonds
 
1,711,581

 
184,107

 
2,435

 
1,893,253

 

Foreign government bonds
 
96,780

 
5,958

 

 
102,738

 

Corporate bonds
 
2,409,426

 
173,862

 
4,334

 
2,578,954

 

Other mortgage-backed securities
 
1,701,253

 
22,935

 
7,191

 
1,716,997

 

Totals
 
$
7,302,950

 
$
443,633

 
$
22,508

 
$
7,724,075

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities (4)
 
$
116,320

 
$
19,425

 
$
279

 
$
135,466

 
$

________________
(1)
Effective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of new accounting guidance for recognition and measurement of financial instruments, available for sale equity securities were reclassified to equity securities at fair value and are excluded from the table above as of March 31, 2018.
(2)
Related to securities for which an unrealized loss was bifurcated to distinguish the credit-related portion and the portion driven by other market factors. Represents the amount of OTTI losses in AOCI which was not included in earnings; amounts also include net unrealized investment gains and losses on such impaired securities relating to changes in the fair value of those securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date.
(3)
Fair value includes securities issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) of $386,398 thousand and $361,955 thousand; Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) of $396,957 thousand and $400,001 thousand; and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) of $98,056 thousand and $104,168 thousand as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
(4)
Includes nonredeemable (perpetual) preferred stocks, common stocks and closed-end funds.


11

Note 2 - Investments (Continued)


The following table presents the fair value and gross unrealized losses of securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company views the decrease in value of all of the securities with unrealized losses at March 31, 2018 -- which was driven largely by changes in interest rates, spread widening, financial market illiquidity and/or market volatility from the date of acquisition -- as temporary. For fixed maturity securities, management does not have the intent to sell the securities and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the securities before the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost bases, and management expects to recover the entire amortized cost bases of the fixed maturity securities. Therefore, no impairment of fixed maturity securities was recorded at March 31, 2018.
($ in thousands)
 
12 Months or Less
 
More than 12 Months
 
Total
 
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
March 31, 2018 (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
$
301,927

 
$
8,346

 
$
39,339

 
$
3,255

 
$
341,266

 
$
11,601

Other
 
393,555

 
9,415

 
118,166

 
7,805

 
511,721

 
17,220

Municipal bonds
 
224,400

 
4,614

 
76,577

 
4,902

 
300,977

 
9,516

Foreign government bonds
 
6,390

 
136

 

 

 
6,390

 
136

Corporate bonds
 
450,467

 
11,923

 
37,572

 
2,652

 
488,039

 
14,575

Other mortgage-backed securities
 
607,571

 
6,298

 
146,659

 
4,404

 
754,230

 
10,702

Total
 
$
1,984,310

 
$
40,732

 
$
418,313

 
$
23,018

 
$
2,402,623

 
$
63,750

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of positions with a
gross unrealized loss
 
837

 
 
 
153

 
 
 
990

 
 
Fair value as a percentage of total fixed
maturity securities fair value
 
25.6
%
 
 
 
5.4
%
 
 
 
31.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
$
134,032

 
$
1,053

 
$
40,606

 
$
1,979

 
$
174,638

 
$
3,032

Other
 
168,634

 
1,849

 
122,753

 
3,667

 
291,387

 
5,516

Municipal bonds
 
29,437

 
100

 
79,140

 
2,335

 
108,577

 
2,435

Foreign government bonds
 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate bonds
 
115,113

 
2,701

 
36,081

 
1,633

 
151,194

 
4,334

Other mortgage-backed securities
 
457,166

 
2,791

 
168,972

 
4,400

 
626,138

 
7,191

Total fixed maturity securities
 
904,382

 
8,494

 
447,552

 
14,014

 
1,351,934

 
22,508

Equity securities (2)
 
6,027

 
249

 
1,277

 
30

 
7,304

 
279

Combined totals
 
$
910,409

 
$
8,743

 
$
448,829

 
$
14,044

 
$
1,359,238

 
$
22,787

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of positions with a
gross unrealized loss
 
354

 
 
 
158

 
 
 
512

 
 
Fair value as a percentage of total fixed
maturity and equity securities fair value
 
11.6
%
 
 
 
5.7
%
 
 
 
17.3
%
 
 
________________
(1)
Effective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of new accounting guidance for recognition and measurement of financial instruments, available for sale equity securities were reclassified to equity securities at fair value and are excluded from the table above as of March 31, 2018.
(2)
Includes nonredeemable (perpetual) preferred stocks, common stocks and closed-end funds.


12

Note 2 - Investments (Continued)


Fixed maturity securities with an investment grade rating represented 95.3% of the gross unrealized losses as of March 31, 2018. With respect to fixed maturity securities involving securitized financial assets, the underlying collateral cash flows were stress tested to determine there was no adverse change in the present value of cash flows below the amortized cost basis.
 
Credit Losses
 
The following table summarizes the cumulative amounts related to the Company’s credit loss component of OTTI losses on fixed maturity securities held as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 that the Company did not intend to sell as of those dates, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the securities before the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost bases, for which the non-credit portions of OTTI losses were recognized in OCI:
($ in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Cumulative credit loss (1)
 
 
 
 
Beginning of period
 
$
3,825

 
$
13,703

New credit losses
 

 

Increases to previously recognized credit losses
 

 
726

Gains (losses) related to securities sold or paid down during the period
 

 
(2
)
End of period
 
$
3,825

 
$
14,427

________________
(1)
The cumulative credit loss amounts exclude OTTI losses on securities held as of the periods indicated that the Company intended to sell or it was more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security before the recovery of the amortized cost basis.

Maturities/Sales of Fixed Maturity Securities
 
The following table presents the distribution of the Company’s fixed maturity securities portfolio by estimated expected maturity. Estimated expected maturities differ from contractual maturities, reflecting assumptions regarding borrowers’ utilization of the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. For structured securities, including mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities, estimated expected maturities consider broker-dealer survey prepayment assumptions and are verified for consistency with the interest rate and economic environments.
($ in thousands)
 
Percent of Total Fair Value
 
March 31, 2018
 
 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
Estimated expected maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in 1 year or less
 
4.0
%
 
3.2
%
 
$
303,914

 
$
299,275

Due after 1 year through 5 years
 
25.4

 
26.7

 
1,936,362

 
1,887,648

Due after 5 years through 10 years
 
32.7

 
32.6

 
2,498,529

 
2,457,018

Due after 10 years through 20 years
 
24.7

 
24.2

 
1,884,116

 
1,800,969

Due after 20 years
 
13.2

 
13.3

 
1,011,761

 
928,642

Total
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
$
7,634,682

 
$
7,373,552

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average option-adjusted duration, in years
 
6.0

 
5.9

 
 
 
 

 

13

Note 2 - Investments (Continued)


Sales of Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities

Proceeds received from sales of fixed maturity and equity securities, each determined using the specific identification method, and gross gains and gross losses realized as a result of those sales for each period were:
($ in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
Proceeds received
 
$
89,894

 
$
110,872

Gross gains realized
 
1,670

 
2,489

Gross losses realized
 
(53
)
 
(881
)
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
 
 
 
 
Proceeds received
 
$
2,048

 
$
5,489

Gross gains realized
 
616

 
1,048

Gross losses realized
 
(34
)
 
(192
)


Net Investment Gains (Losses)

The following table reconciles the net investment gains and losses (pretax) by transaction type:
($ in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment write-downs
 
$

 
$
(1,777
)
Change in intent write-downs
 
(110
)
 
(1,020
)
Net other-than-temporary impairment losses
recognized in earnings
 
(110
)

(2,797
)
Sales and other
 
2,203

 
2,484

Change in fair value - equity securities (1)
 
(5,186
)
 

Change in fair value and gains (losses) realized on settlements -
derivative instruments
 
1,439

 
71

Net investment gains (losses)
 
$
(1,654
)

$
(242
)
________________
(1)
Effective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of new accounting guidance for recognition and measurement of financial instruments, equity securities are reported at fair value with change in fair value recognized in Net investment gains (losses) and are no longer included in impairment write-downs or change in intent write-downs.

Net Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses on Securities

The following table reconciles the net unrealized investment gains and losses, net of tax, included in AOCI, before the impact of deferred policy acquisition costs (DAC):
($ in thousands)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
Net unrealized investment gains and losses on securities, net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of period
 
 
$
286,176

 
$
202,941

Change in net unrealized investment gains and losses
 
 
(67,285
)
 
25,193

Reclassification of net investments (gains) losses to net income
 
 
2,443

 
203

Reclassification of unrealized gains on equity securities,
net of tax, to Retained earnings (1)
 
 
(15,041
)
 

End of period
 
 
$
206,293

 
$
228,337


________________
(1)
Effective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of new accounting guidance for recognition and measurement of financial instruments, available for sale equity securities were reclassified to equity securities at fair value and the related unrealized gains were reclassified from AOCI to Retained earnings.


14

Note 2 - Investments (Continued)


Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities
 
The Company’s derivative instruments (call options) are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements. Collateral support agreements associated with each master netting arrangement provide that the Company will receive or pledge financial collateral in the event minimum thresholds have been reached.
 
The following table presents the instruments that were subject to a master netting arrangement for the Company.
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the
 
Net Amounts
of Assets/
Liabilities
Presented
in the
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
 
 
 
Gross
Amounts
 
Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments
 
Cash
Collateral
Received
 
Net
Amount
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Free-standing derivatives
 
$
12,630

 
$

 
$
12,630

 
$

 
$
13,174

 
$
(544
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Free-standing derivatives
 
$
15,550

 
$

 
$
15,550

 
$

 
$
15,584

 
$
(34
)


Deposits

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, fixed maturity securities with a fair value of $17,848 thousand and $17,985 thousand, respectively, were on deposit with governmental agencies as required by law in various states in which the insurance subsidiaries of HMEC conduct business. In addition, at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, fixed maturity securities with a fair value of $686,387 thousand and $686,790 thousand, respectively, were on deposit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLB) as collateral for amounts subject to funding agreements, advances and borrowings which were equal to $625,000 thousand at both of the respective dates. The deposited securities are included in Fixed maturity securities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company is required under GAAP to disclose estimated fair values for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities. Fair values of the Company’s insurance contracts other than annuity contracts are not required to be disclosed. However, the estimated fair values of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the Company’s overall management of interest rate risk through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.
 
Information regarding the three-level hierarchy presented below and the valuation methodologies utilized by the Company to estimate fair values at a point in time is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, specifically in Note 3 -- Fair Value of Financial Instruments.


15

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)


Financial Instruments Measured and Carried at Fair Value
 
The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis. At March 31, 2018, Level 3 invested assets comprised 3.0% of the Company’s total investment portfolio at fair value.
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
 
 
Carrying
 
Fair
 
Reporting Date Using
 
 
Amount
 
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and federally
sponsored agency obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
$
710,958

 
$
710,958

 
$

 
$
707,842

 
$
3,116

Other, including U.S. Treasury securities
 
761,967

 
761,967

 
13,249

 
748,718

 

Municipal bonds
 
1,861,304

 
1,861,304

 

 
1,811,556

 
49,748

Foreign government bonds
 
99,041

 
99,041

 

 
99,041

 

Corporate bonds
 
2,481,270

 
2,481,270

 
13,733

 
2,388,757

 
78,780

Other mortgage-backed securities
 
1,720,142

 
1,720,142

 

 
1,607,924

 
112,218

Total fixed maturity securities
 
7,634,682

 
7,634,682

 
26,982

 
7,363,838

 
243,862

Equity securities
 
131,023

 
131,023

 
79,870


51,147


6

Short-term investments
 
22,194

 
22,194

 
22,194

 

 

Other investments
 
25,130

 
25,130

 

 
25,130

 

Totals
 
$
7,813,029

 
$
7,813,029

 
$
129,046

 
$
7,440,115

 
$
243,868

Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment contract and life policy
reserves, embedded derivatives
 
$
518

 
$
518

 
$

 
$
518

 
$

Other policyholder funds, embedded derivatives
 
78,486

 
78,486

 

 

 
78,486

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and federally
sponsored agency obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
$
696,725

 
$
696,725

 
$

 
$
693,375

 
$
3,350

Other, including U.S. Treasury securities
 
735,408

 
735,408

 
13,393

 
722,015

 

Municipal bonds
 
1,893,253

 
1,893,253

 

 
1,843,925

 
49,328

Foreign government bonds
 
102,738

 
102,738

 

 
102,738

 

Corporate bonds
 
2,578,954

 
2,578,954

 
14,345

 
2,491,630

 
72,979

Other mortgage-backed securities
 
1,716,997

 
1,716,997

 

 
1,612,403

 
104,594

Total fixed maturity securities
 
7,724,075

 
7,724,075

 
27,738

 
7,466,086

 
230,251

Equity securities
 
135,466

 
135,466

 
82,208

 
53,252

 
6

Short-term investments
 
62,593

 
62,593

 
62,593

 

 

Other investments
 
28,050

 
28,050

 

 
28,050

 

Totals
 
$
7,950,184

 
$
7,950,184

 
$
172,539

 
$
7,547,388

 
$
230,257

Financial Liabilities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment contract and life policy
reserves, embedded derivatives
 
$
594

 
$
594

 
$

 
$
594

 
$

Other policyholder funds, embedded derivatives
 
80,733

 
80,733

 

 

 
80,733



16

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)


During the three month period ended March 31, 2018, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. During the three month period ended March 31, 2017, an equity security was transferred into Level 1 from Level 2 as a result of increased liquidity in the market and a sustained increase in the market activity for this asset. The following table presents reconciliations for the periods indicated for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
($ in thousands)
 
Financial Assets
 
Financial
Liabilities(1)
 
 
Municipal
Bonds
 
Corporate
Bonds
 
Other
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities (2)
 
Total
Fixed
Maturity
Securities
 
Equity
Securities
 
Short-term
Investments
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, January 1, 2018
 
$
49,328

 
$
72,979

 
$
107,944

 
$
230,251

 
$
6

 
$

 
$
230,257

 
$
80,733

Transfers into Level 3 (3)
 

 
10,778

 
14,822

 
25,600

 

 

 
25,600

 

Transfers out of Level 3 (3)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total gains or losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment gains (losses) included in net income
related to financial assets
 

 

 

 

 
3

 

 
3

 

Net (gains) losses included
in net income related
to financial liabilities
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(2,222
)
Net unrealized investment gains
(losses) included in OCI
 
443

 
(887
)
 
(1,022
)
 
(1,466
)
 

 

 
(1,466
)
 


Purchases
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Issuances
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1,332

Sales
 

 

 

 

 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
 


Settlements
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Paydowns, maturities
and distributions
 
(23
)
 
(4,090
)
 
(6,410
)
 
(10,523
)
 

 

 
(10,523
)
 
(1,357
)
Ending balance, March 31, 2018
 
$
49,748

 
$
78,780

 
$
115,334

 
$
243,862

 
$
6

 
$

 
$
243,868

 
$
78,486

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, January 1, 2017
 
$
46,497

 
$
60,191

 
$
104,659

 
$
211,347

 
$
6

 
$
751

 
$
212,104

 
$
59,393

Transfers into Level 3 (3)
 
5,214

 
29,918

 
15,039

 
50,171

 

 

 
50,171

 

Transfers out of Level 3 (3)
 

 
(6,110
)
 

 
(6,110
)
 

 
(751
)
 
(6,861
)
 

Total gains or losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment gains (losses) included in net income related to financial assets
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (gains) losses included
in net income related
to financial liabilities
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
2,308

Net unrealized investment gains
(losses) included in OCI
 
1,871

 
96

 
(771
)
 
1,196

 

 

 
1,196

 

Purchases
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issuances
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
3,389

Sales
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paydowns, maturities
and distributions
 
(120
)
 
(1,600
)
 
(6,133
)
 
(7,853
)
 

 

 
(7,853
)
 
(829
)
Ending balance, March 31, 2017
 
$
53,462

 
$
82,495

 
$
112,794

 
$
248,751

 
$
6

 
$

 
$
248,757

 
$
64,261

________________
(1)
Represents embedded derivatives, all related to the Company’s FIA products, reported in Other policyholder funds in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)
Includes U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations for mortgage-backed securities and other mortgage-backed securities.
(3)
Transfers into and out of Level 3 during the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were attributable to changes in the availability of observable market information for individual fixed maturity securities and short-term investments. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and transfers out of the levels as having occurred at the end of the reporting period in which the transfers were determined.

At March 31, 2018, the Company realized a gain of $3 thousand on one Level 3 security. At March 31, 2017, there were no net investment gains or losses included in earnings that were attributable to changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets still held. For the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, a net investment gain of $2,222 thousand and a net investment loss of $2,308 thousand, respectively, were included in earnings that were attributable to the changes in the fair value of Level 3 liabilities (embedded derivatives) still held.
 

17

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)


The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for financial assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 are subject to the control processes as described in Note 3 -- Fair Value of Financial Instruments -- Investments in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Generally, valuation techniques for fixed maturity securities include spread pricing, matrix pricing and discounted cash flow methodologies; include inputs such as quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid; and are based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified as Level 2. The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for equity securities classified as Level 3 use similar valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs as those used for fixed maturity securities.
 
The sensitivity of the estimated fair values to changes in the significant unobservable inputs for fixed maturity and equity securities included in Level 3 generally relate to interest rate spreads, illiquidity premiums and default rates. Significant spread widening in isolation will adversely impact the overall valuation, while significant spread tightening will lead to substantial valuation increases. Significant increases (decreases) in illiquidity premiums in isolation will result in substantially lower (higher) valuations. Significant increases (decreases) in expected default rates in isolation will result in substantially lower (higher) valuations.
 
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value; Disclosure Required
 
The Company has various other financial assets and financial liabilities used in the normal course of business that are not carried at fair value, but for which fair value disclosure is required. The following table presents the carrying value, fair value and fair value hierarchy of these financial assets and financial liabilities.
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
 
 
Carrying
 
Fair
 
Reporting Date Using
 
 
Amount
 
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other investments
 
$
154,211

 
$
158,891

 
$

 
$

 
$
158,891

Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment contract and life policy reserves,
fixed annuity contracts
 
4,471,733

 
4,373,529

 

 

 
4,373,529

Investment contract and life policy reserves,
account values on life contracts
 
83,319

 
88,968

 

 

 
88,968

Other policyholder funds
 
642,035

 
642,035

 

 
575,784

 
66,251

Long-term debt
 
297,536

 
306,247

 

 
306,247

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other investments
 
$
154,898

 
$
159,575

 
$

 
$

 
$
159,575

Financial Liabilities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment contract and life policy reserves,
fixed annuity contracts
 
4,452,972

 
4,366,334

 

 

 
4,366,334

Investment contract and life policy reserves,
account values on life contracts
 
82,911

 
88,620

 

 

 
88,620

Other policyholder funds
 
643,528

 
643,528

 

 
575,622

 
67,906

Long-term debt
 
297,469

 
311,315

 

 
311,315

 



18

Note 4 - Derivative Instruments


The Company offers FIA products, which are deferred fixed annuities that guarantee the return of principal to the contractholder and credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specified market index. The Company also offers IUL products which credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specified market index. When deposits are received for FIA and IUL contracts, a portion is used to purchase derivatives consisting of call options on the applicable market indices to fund the index credits due to FIA and IUL policyholders. For the Company, substantially all of such call options are one-year options purchased to match the funding requirements of the underlying contracts. The call options are carried at fair value with changes in fair value included in Net investment gains and losses, a component of Revenues, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
The change in fair value of derivatives includes the gains or losses recognized at the expiration of the option term or early termination and the changes in fair value for open positions. Call options are not purchased to fund the index liabilities which may arise after the next deposit anniversary date. On the respective anniversary dates of the indexed deposits, the index used to compute the annual index credit is reset and new one-year call options are purchased to fund the next annual index credit. The cost of these purchases is managed through the terms of the FIA and IUL contracts, which permit changes to index return caps, participation rates and/or asset fees, subject to guaranteed minimums on each contract’s anniversary date. By adjusting the index return caps, participation rates or asset fees, crediting rates generally can be managed except in cases where the contractual features would prevent further modifications.
 
The future annual index credits on FIA contracts are treated as a "series of embedded derivatives" over the expected life of the applicable contract with a corresponding reserve recorded. For the IUL, the embedded derivative represents a single year liability for the index return.
 
The Company carries all derivative instruments at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company elected to not use hedge accounting for derivative transactions related to the FIA and IUL products. As a result, the Company recognizes the purchased call options and the embedded derivatives related to the provision of a contingent return at fair value, with changes in the fair value of the derivatives recognized immediately as Net investment gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair values of derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in FIA and IUL contracts, are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Assets
 
 

 
 

Derivative instruments, included in Short-term and other investments
 
$
12,630

 
$
15,550

 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 

 
 

FIA - embedded derivatives, included in Other policyholder funds
 
$
78,486

 
$
80,733

IUL - embedded derivatives,
included in Investment contract and life policy reserves
 
518

 
594




19

Note 4 - Derivative Instruments (Continued)


In general, the change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives related to FIA contracts will not correspond to the change in fair value of the purchased call options because the purchased call options are one-year options while the options valued in the embedded derivatives represent the rights of the policyholder to receive index credits over the entire period the FIA contracts are expected to be in force, which typically exceeds 10 years. The changes in fair value of derivatives included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
Change in fair value of derivatives (1):
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment gains (losses)
 
 
$
(849
)
 
$
2,437

 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment gains (losses)
 
 
$
2,288

 
$
(2,366
)
________________
(1)
Includes the gains or losses recognized at the expiration of the option term or early termination and the changes in fair value for open options.

The Company’s strategy attempts to mitigate potential risk of loss under these agreements through a regular monitoring process, which evaluates the program’s effectiveness. The Company is exposed to risk of loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties and, accordingly, option contracts are purchased from multiple counterparties, which are evaluated for creditworthiness prior to purchase of the contracts. All of these options have been purchased from nationally recognized financial institutions with a Standard and Poor’s Financial Services LLC (S&P) and/or Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) long-term credit rating of "BBB+" or higher at the time of purchase and the maximum credit exposure to any single counterparty is subject to concentration limits. The Company also obtains credit support agreements that allow it to request the counterparty to provide collateral when the fair value of the exposure to the counterparty exceeds specified amounts.
 
The notional amount and fair value of call options by counterparty and each counterparty’s long-term credit ratings were as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Credit Rating
 
Notional
 
Fair
 
Notional
 
Fair
Counterparty
 
S&P
 
Moody's
 
Amount
 
Value
 
Amount
 
Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bank of America, N.A.
 
A+
 
Aa3
 
$
93,800

 
$
6,017

 
$
85,100

 
$
6,320

Barclays Bank PLC
 
A
 
A2
 
48,600

 
902

 
48,900

 
1,828

Citigroup Inc.
 
BBB+
 
 
 

 

 

 

Credit Suisse International
 
A
 
A1
 
21,100

 
1,469

 
21,100

 
1,444

Societe Generale
 
A
 
 
 
92,400

 
4,242

 
91,700

 
5,958

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
$
255,900

 
$
12,630

 
$
246,800

 
$
15,550


 
As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held $13,174 thousand and $15,584 thousand, respectively, of cash received from counterparties for derivative collateral, which is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. This derivative collateral limits the Company’s maximum amount of economic loss due to credit risk that would be incurred if parties to the call options failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts to $250 thousand per counterparty.
 

20

Note 5 - Property and Casualty Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses


The following table is a summary reconciliation of the beginning and ending Property and Casualty unpaid claims and claim expense reserves for the periods indicated. The table presents reserves on both gross and net (after reinsurance) bases. The total net Property and Casualty insurance claims and claim expense incurred amounts are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The end of the period gross reserve (before reinsurance) balances and the reinsurance recoverable balances are reflected on a gross basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
($ in thousands)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
Property and Casualty
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning gross reserves (1)
 
 
$
319,182

 
$
307,757

Less: reinsurance recoverables
 
 
57,409

 
61,199

Net reserves, beginning of period (2)
 
 
261,773

 
246,558

Incurred claims and claim expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Claims occurring in the current period
 
 
120,988

 
123,204

Decrease in estimated reserves for claims occurring in prior periods (3)
 
 
(300
)
 
(1,000
)
Total claims and claim expenses incurred (4)
 
 
120,688

 
122,204

Claims and claim expense payments for claims occurring during:
 
 
 
 
 
Current period
 
 
47,048

 
52,380

Prior periods
 
 
67,075

 
62,013

Total claims and claim expense payments
 
 
114,123

 
114,393

Net reserves, end of period (2)
 
 
268,338

 
254,369

Plus: reinsurance recoverables
 
 
62,917

 
61,804

Ending gross reserves (1)
 
 
$
331,255

 
$
316,173

________________
(1)
Unpaid claims and claim expenses as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets also include reserves for Life and Retirement of $27,062 thousand and $23,860 thousand as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in addition to Property and Casualty reserves.
(2)
Reserves net of anticipated reinsurance recoverables.
(3)
Shows the amounts by which the Company decreased its reserves in each of the periods indicated for claims occurring in previous periods to reflect subsequent information on such claims and changes in their projected final settlement costs.
(4)
Benefits, claims and settlement expenses as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations also include amounts for Life and Retirement of $22,874 thousand and $21,892 thousand for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in addition to Property and Casualty amounts.

Net favorable development of total reserves for Property and Casualty claims occurring in prior years was $300 thousand and $1,000 thousand for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The favorable development for both of the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was predominantly the result of favorable severity trends in homeowners loss emergence for accident years 2016 and prior.

Note 6 - Debt

Indebtedness outstanding was as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Short-term debt:
 
 

 
 

Bank Credit Facility, expires July 30, 2019
 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt:
 
 

 
 

4.50% Senior Notes, due December 1, 2025. Aggregate principal amount of $250,000 thousand less unaccrued discount of $532 thousand and $547 thousand (4.5% imputed rate) and unamortized debt issuance costs of $1,932 thousand and $1,984 thousand
 
247,536

 
247,469

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowing
 
50,000

 
50,000

Total
 
$
297,536

 
$
297,469


 
The Credit Agreement with certain financial institutions (Bank Credit Facility), 4.50% Senior Notes due 2025 (Senior Notes due 2025) and FHLB borrowing are described in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -- Note 7 -- Debt of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.


21

Note 7 - Reinsurance


The Company recognizes the cost of reinsurance premiums over the contract periods for such premiums in proportion to the insurance protection provided. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers for unpaid claims and claim settlement expenses, including estimated amounts for unsettled claims, claims incurred but not yet reported and policy benefits, are estimated in a manner consistent with the insurance liability associated with the policy. The effects of reinsurance on premiums written and contract deposits; premiums and contract charges earned; and benefits, claims and settlement expenses were as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
Gross
Amount
 
Ceded to
Other
Companies
 
Assumed
from Other
Companies
 
Net
Amount
Three months ended March 31, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Premiums written and contract deposits (1)
 
$
288,816

 
$
5,514

 
$
706

 
$
284,008

Premiums and contract charges earned
 
207,737

 
5,528

 
789

 
202,998

Benefits, claims and settlement expenses
 
151,968

 
9,014

 
608

 
143,562

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended March 31, 2017
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Premiums written and contract deposits (1)
 
$
301,512

 
$
5,510

 
$
730

 
$
296,732

Premiums and contract charges earned
 
200,455

 
5,534

 
801

 
195,722

Benefits, claims and settlement expenses
 
147,271

 
3,883

 
708

 
144,096


________________
(1)
This measure is not based on accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (non-GAAP). An explanation of this non-GAAP measure is contained in the Glossary of Selected Terms included as an exhibit in the Company's reports filed with the SEC.


Note 8 - Commitments

Investment Commitments
 
From time to time, the Company has outstanding commitments to purchase investments and/or commitments to lend funds under bridge loans. Unfunded commitments to purchase investments were $170,102 thousand and $106,381 thousand at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
 

22

Note 9 - Segment Information


The Company conducts and manages its business through four segments. The three operating segments, representing the major lines of insurance business, are: Property and Casualty, primarily personal lines automobile and property insurance products; Retirement, primarily tax-qualified fixed and variable annuities; and Life, life insurance. The Company does not allocate the impact of corporate-level transactions to these operating segments, consistent with the basis for management’s evaluation of the results of those segments, but classifies those items in the fourth segment, Corporate and Other. In addition to ongoing transactions such as corporate debt service, net investment gains and losses and certain public company expenses, such items also have included corporate debt retirement costs, when applicable. Summarized financial information for these segments is as follows:
($ in thousands)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
Insurance premiums and contract charges earned
 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty
 
 
$
165,458

 
$
158,318

Retirement
 
 
8,068

 
6,601

Life
 
 
29,472

 
30,803

Total
 
 
$
202,998

 
$
195,722

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty
 
 
$
9,516

 
$
9,177

Retirement
 
 
64,169

 
63,442

Life
 
 
18,340

 
18,288

Corporate and Other
 
 
36

 
12

Intersegment eliminations
 
 
(197
)
 
(208
)
Total
 
 
$
91,864

 
$
90,711

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty
 
 
$
9,722

 
$
2,735

Retirement
 
 
11,421

 
11,530

Life
 
 
3,787

 
3,885

Corporate and Other
 
 
(4,775
)
 
(2,832
)
Total
 
 
$
20,155

 
$
15,318


($ in thousands)
 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Assets
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty
 
$
1,202,791

 
$
1,217,394

Retirement
 
7,969,848

 
8,063,912

Life
 
1,785,912

 
1,815,732

Corporate and Other
 
140,526

 
143,784

Intersegment eliminations
 
(30,535
)
 
(42,482
)
Total
 
$
11,068,542

 
$
11,198,340




23

Note 10 - Income Taxes


On December 22, 2017, comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted by the U.S. government. The Tax Act is generally effective January 1, 2018, and among other changes, reduced the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, eliminated the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax, modified numerous insurance-specific provisions, and further limited deductions for executive compensation. The Tax Act reduced the Company’s effective tax rate by 9.5% for the period ended March 31, 2018. The Company recorded provisional amounts in its December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 Consolidated Financial Statements related to partnership investments and discounted loss reserves. Reasonable estimates of the tax impacts of these provisional items were reflected in the Company’s results of operations; however, as of March 31, 2018, the Company has not yet completed its accounting for these provisional items. For partnership investments, the Company is waiting to receive schedules K-1, and for discounted loss reserves, the Company is waiting on guidance from the U.S. Treasury. Adjustments to the provisional amounts will impact the Company’s consolidated results of operations and must be reflected no later than in the Company’s December 31, 2018 Consolidated Financial Statements.


24



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (MD&A)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

Measures within this MD&A that are not based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (non-GAAP) are marked by an asterisk (*). An explanation of these measures is contained in the Glossary of Selected Terms included as an exhibit to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-looking Information
 
Statements made in the following discussion that are not historical in nature are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Horace Mann Educators Corporation (HMEC; and together with its subsidiaries, the Company or Horace Mann) is an insurance holding company. Horace Mann is not under any obligation to (and expressly disclaims any such obligation to) update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. It is important to note that the Company’s actual results could differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements due to a number of risks and uncertainties inherent in the Company’s business. For additional information regarding risks and uncertainties, see Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Executive Summary

Through its subsidiaries, HMEC markets and underwrites personal lines of property and casualty insurance, annuities and life insurance in the United States (U.S). The Company markets its products primarily to K-12 teachers, administrators and other employees of public schools and their families.
 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Company’s net income of $20.2 million increased $4.9 million compared to the prior year period including an increase in Property and Casualty net income of $7.0 million. After tax net investment losses were $1.3 million compared to net investment losses of $0.1 million in the prior year period.

For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, Property and Casualty net income of $9.7 million increased $7.0 million from $2.7 million in the prior year period. The Property and Casualty combined ratio of 98.9% decreased 6.6 points compared to the prior year period. These improvements were primarily due to a decreased underlying auto combined ratio*, reflecting the impact of rate actions and continued profitability initiatives, as well as a significantly lower level of auto and property catastrophe losses that were $9.8 million pretax in the current quarter compared to $17.2 million pretax in the prior year period.

On a reported basis, the current quarter auto combined ratio of 101.8% decreased 5.1 points and the property combined ratio of 93.3% decreased 9.2 points as compared to the prior year period. The underlying auto loss ratio* of 75.5% decreased 1.2 points compared to the prior year period as a result of an increase in earned premium due to rate actions combined with continued stabilization in auto loss trends. The auto expense ratio improved 2.9 points primarily due to an expense recovery equating to 2.0 points. The underlying property loss ratio* was 49.6% in the current quarter, which reflected an increase of 2.7 points compared to the prior year period due to an elevated level of non-catastrophe weather-related losses.

Prior years' reserves continue to develop favorably; however, the $0.3 million pretax of favorable development in the current quarter was less than the $1.0 million pretax of favorable development in the prior year period.

For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, total Property and Casualty written premiums* of $159.4 million increased 4.3% compared to the prior year period. The growth was driven primarily by rate actions which resulted in an increase in the average premium per policy for both auto and property. Policy retention continues to be stable with auto and property policy retention rates for the current quarter at 82.9% and 87.9%, respectively.

25



For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, Retirement net income of $11.4 million was consistent with the prior year period and benefited from higher fees and the lower federal income tax rate offset by an increase in deferred policy acquisition costs (DAC) amortization and operating expenses.

The annualized net interest spread on fixed annuity assets for the first quarter of 2018 was 170 basis points, a decrease of 13 basis points compared to the prior year period. Retirement assets under management of $6.8 billion increased 6.8% compared to a year ago, and total cash value persistency remained strong at 94.6% for variable annuities and 94.4% for fixed annuities.

For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the total level of Retirement sales deposits* decreased 4.6% compared to the prior year period, reflecting a decrease in traditional annuity products partially offset by an increase in asset flows related to fee-based mutual fund offerings. For the first quarter of 2018, annuity deposits of $98.8 million decreased 15.8% compared to the prior year period. The decline in annuity deposits was related to lower sales of single premium annuity products in the current quarter. Sales deposit activity related to the Retirement Advantage® mutual fund products, as well as other mutual fund offerings, were strong with $14.1 million in the current quarter compared to $5.3 million in the prior year period.

For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, Life net income of $3.8 million decreased $0.1 million compared to the prior year period, primarily due to a modest increase in mortality costs offset by the lower federal income tax rate. Life sales* of $4.3 million for the current quarter remained strong but decreased slightly by $0.4 million compared to the prior year period due to a decrease in single premium sales. Life persistency of 95.1% was comparable to 12 months earlier.

The Company’s book value per share was $34.35 at March 31, 2018, a decrease of 6.9% compared to December 31, 2017 and an increase of 5.4% compared to a year ago.

Critical Accounting Policies
 
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires the Company's management to make estimates and assumptions based on information available at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of the Company's consolidated assets, liabilities, shareholders' equity, net income and cash flows. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to the Company's consolidated financial statements and because of the possibility that subsequent events and available information may differ markedly from management's judgments at the time the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Management has discussed with the Audit Committee the quality, not just the acceptability, of the Company's accounting principles as applied in its financial reporting. The discussions generally included such matters as the consistency of the Company's accounting policies and their application, and the clarity and completeness of the Company's consolidated financial statements, which include related disclosures. For the Company, areas most subject to significant management judgments include: fair value measurements, other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) of investments, goodwill, deferred policy acquisition costs (DAC) for investment contracts and life insurance products with account values, liabilities for Property and Casualty claims and claim expenses and liabilities for future policy benefits.
 
Compared to December 31, 2017, at March 31, 2018, there were no material changes to accounting policies for areas most subject to significant management judgments identified above. In addition to disclosures in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, discussion of accounting policies, including certain sensitivity information, was presented in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Critical Accounting Policies in that Form 10-K.


26



Results of Operations
 
Insurance Premiums and Contract Charges
 
($ in millions)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Change From Prior Year
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Percent
 
Amount
Insurance premiums written and contract deposits
(includes annuity and life contract deposits)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty
 
$
159.4

 
$
152.9

 
4.3
 %
 
$
6.5

Retirement (annuity)
 
98.8

 
117.3

 
-15.8
 %
 
(18.5
)
Life
 
25.8

 
26.5

 
-2.6
 %
 
(0.7
)
Total
 
$
284.0

 
$
296.7

 
-4.3
 %
 
$
(12.7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance premiums and contract charges earned
(excludes annuity and life contract deposits)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty
 
$
165.5

 
$
158.3

 
4.5
 %
 
$
7.2

Retirement (annuity)
 
8.0

 
6.6

 
21.2
 %
 
1.4

Life
 
29.5

 
30.8

 
-4.2
 %
 
(1.3
)
Total
 
$
203.0

 
$
195.7

 
3.7
 %
 
$
7.3

 
Number of Policies and Contracts in Force
(actual counts)
 
 
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
March 31, 2017
Property and Casualty
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automobile
 
474,478
 
478,951
 
483,683
Property and other liability
 
215,809
 
216,306
 
219,017
Total
 
690,287
 
695,257
 
702,700
Retirement
 
223,472
 
223,287
 
220,284
Life
 
197,885
 
197,889
 
197,900

For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Company’s premiums written and contract deposits* of $284.0 million decreased $12.7 million, or 4.3%, compared to the prior year period primarily as a result of a decline in annuity deposits due to lower sales of single premium annuity products. The Company’s premiums and contract charges earned increased $7.3 million, or 3.7%, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to increases in average premium per policy for both property and automobile.

Total Property and Casualty premiums written* increased 4.3%, or $6.5 million, in the first three months of 2018, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to increases in average written premium per policy for both property and automobile. For 2018, the Company’s full year rate plan anticipates high-single digit average rate increases for automobile and mid-single digit average rate increases for property (including states with no rate actions for both automobile and property); average approved rate changes during the first three months of 2018 were 10.0% for automobile and 4.3% for property.

Based on policies in force, the current year automobile 12 month retention rate for new and renewal policies was 82.9% compared to 83.0% at March 31, 2017, with the decrease due to recent rate and underwriting actions. The current year property 12 month retention rate for new and renewal policies was 87.9% at March 31, 2018 compared to 87.5% at March 31, 2017.


27



Automobile premiums written* increased 4.5%, or $5.0 million, compared to the first three months of 2017. In the first three months of 2018, the average written premium per policy and average earned premium per policy increased approximately 6.9% and 6.1%, respectively, compared to the prior year period. The number of educator policies represented approximately 85.3% of the automobile policies in force at March 31, 2018, 85.2% at December 31, 2017 and 85.1% at March 31, 2017.
 
Property premiums written* increased 3.3%, or $1.4 million, compared to the first three months of 2017. While the number of property policies in force has declined, the average written premium per policy and average earned premium per policy increased approximately 2.6% and 2.3%, respectively, in the first three months of 2018 compared to the prior year period. The number of educator policies represented approximately 82.4% of the property policies in force at March 31, 2018, 82.3% at December 31, 2017 and 82.1% at March 31, 2017. The number of educator policies and total policies has been, and may continue to be, impacted by the Company’s risk mitigation programs, including actions in catastrophe-prone coastal areas, involving policies of both educators and non-educators.
 
The Company continues to evaluate and implement actions to further mitigate its risk exposure in hurricane-prone areas, as well as other areas of the country. Such actions could include, but are not limited to, non-renewal of property policies, restricted agent geographic placement, limitations on agent new business sales, further tightening of underwriting standards and increased utilization of third-party vendor products.
 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, Retirement sales deposits* decreased 4.6% compared to the prior year period, reflecting a decrease in traditional annuity products partially offset by an increase in asset flows related to fee-based mutual fund offerings. For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, total annuity deposits decreased 15.8%, or $18.5 million, compared to the prior year period. New deposits to fixed accounts of $52.0 million decreased 27.7%, or $19.9 million, and new deposits to variable accounts of $46.8 million increased 3.1%, or $1.4 million, compared to the prior year period.
 
Total Retirement assets under management, including fee based mutual fund products, increased 6.8% for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the prior year period. Annuity accumulated value on deposit of $6.8 billion at March 31, 2018 increased 3.1% compared to a year earlier, reflecting the increase from new deposits received, market appreciation as well as favorable retention. Accumulated value retention for the variable annuity option was 94.6% and 94.8% for the 12 month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively; fixed annuity retention was 94.4% and 94.5% for the respective periods.
 
Variable annuity accumulated balances of $2.1 billion at March 31, 2018 increased 6.4% compared to March 31, 2017, as positive impacts of deposits and favorable financial market performance offset withdrawals and net transfers to the guaranteed interest rate fixed account option. Fixed annuity accumulated balances of $4.7 billion at March 31, 2018 increased 1.7% compared to March 31, 2017 reflecting interest credited and net transfers from the variable annuity accounts. Compared to the three month period ended March 31, 2017, Retirement contract charges earned increased 21.2%, or $1.4 million.
 
Life premiums and contract deposits* for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 decreased 2.6%, or $0.7 million, compared to the prior year period. The ordinary life insurance in force lapse ratio was 4.9% for the 12 months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 4.5% for the 12 month period ended March 31, 2017.


28



Sales*

For the first three months of 2018, Property and Casualty new annualized sales premiums decreased 3.0% compared to the first three months of 2017, as 4.4%, or $1.0 million, decline in new automobile sales was accompanied by growth in property sales of 5.0%, or $0.2 million, compared to the prior year period.
 
During the second quarter of 2017, the Company introduced a series of annuity products without surrender charges and a level commission structure based on account value. Although the Company continues to focus on new products, agent training and marketing programs which emphasize retirement planning, Retirement sales deposits decreased 4.6% compared to the first three months of 2017 consistent with the Company's expectations after removing commission-based products for new sales.

The Company's introduction of new educator-focused portfolios of term and whole life products in recent years, including a single premium whole life product, as well as the Company's Indexed Universal Life (IUL) product, have contributed to sales of proprietary life products. For the first three months of 2018, sales of Horace Mann's proprietary life insurance products totaled $4.3 million, representing a slight decrease of $0.4 million, compared to the prior year period, including a decrease of $0.6 million for single premium sales.

Distribution

At March 31, 2018, there was a combined total of 675 Exclusive Distributors, compared to 694 at December 31, 2017 and 696 at March 31, 2017. The Company continues to expect higher quality standards for Exclusive Distributors to focus on improving both customer experiences and agent productivity in their respective territories. The dedicated sales force is supported by the Company’s customer contact center which provides a means for educators to begin their experience directly with the Company, if that is their preference. The Customer Contact Center is also able to assist educators in territories which are not currently served by an Exclusive Distributor.

Net Investment Income
 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, net investment income of $91.9 million increased 1.3%, compared to the prior year period. Overall, investment results reflect continued growth in annuity asset balances along with increased alternative investment results offset by the continued low interest rate environment and a concerted effort to increase portfolio quality, which puts pressure on portfolio yield. The Company believes it is late in the credit cycle so the increase in portfolio quality is a proactive action to opportunistically position the portfolio for a recessionary environment and is consistent with our approach in previous credit cycles.

Average invested assets increased 2.2% over the 12 months ended March 31, 2018. The average pretax yield on the total investment portfolio for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 of 5.0% (4.0% after tax) was slightly higher on an after tax basis when compared to the prior year period. During the three month period ended March 31, 2018, management continued to identify and purchase investments, including a modest level of alternative investments, with attractive risk-adjusted yields relative to market conditions without venturing into asset classes or individual securities that would be inconsistent with the Company’s overall conservative investment guidelines.
 
Net Investment Gains and Losses (Pretax)
 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, net investment losses were $1.7 million compared to net investment losses of $0.2 million in the prior year period and the results from the current quarter include $5.2 million of net investment losses due to the change in fair value of the equity securities portfolio as a result of adopting a new GAAP accounting principle effective January 1, 2018.
 
The Company, from time to time, sells securities subsequent to the reporting date that were considered temporarily impaired at the reporting date. Such sales are due to issuer specific events occurring subsequent to the reporting date that result in a change in the Company’s intent to sell an invested asset.

29



Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Portfolios
 
The table below presents the Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities portfolios by major asset class, including the ten largest sectors of the Company’s corporate bond holdings (based on fair value). Compared to December 31, 2017, credit spreads were wider across most asset classes, with the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate rising 33 basis points to 2.7%, which resulted in lower net unrealized gains in the fixed maturity securities portfolio at March 31, 2018.
($ in millions)
 
March 31, 2018
 
 
Number of
Issuers
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Pretax Net
Unrealized
Investment
Gain (Loss)
Fixed maturity securities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate bonds
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Banking & Finance
 
117

 
$
653.6

 
$
634.3

 
$
19.3

Insurance
 
56

 
267.2

 
248.2

 
19.0

Energy (1)
 
58

 
203.8

 
195.7

 
8.1

Real Estate
 
44

 
188.6

 
184.3

 
4.3

Technology
 
34

 
172.5

 
170.4

 
2.1

HealthCare, Pharmacy
 
49

 
160.6

 
155.5

 
5.1

Utilities
 
40

 
132.4

 
117.4

 
15.0

Transportation
 
36

 
130.6

 
127.0

 
3.6

Telecommunications
 
19

 
81.7

 
76.4

 
5.3

Natural Gas
 
16

 
73.6

 
71.3

 
2.3

All other corporates (2)
 
185

 
416.8

 
403.2

 
13.6

Total corporate bonds
 
654

 
2,481.4

 
2,383.7

 
97.7

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Government and federally sponsored agencies
 
236

 
431.4

 
416.0

 
15.4

Commercial (3)
 
141

 
612.7

 
621.5

 
(8.8
)
Other
 
29

 
84.5

 
84.4

 
0.1

Municipal bonds (4)
 
403

 
1,861.3

 
1,721.0

 
140.3

Government bonds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
41

 
762.0

 
760.4

 
1.6

Foreign
 
16

 
99.0

 
94.8

 
4.2

Collateralized loan obligations (5)
 
125

 
646.0

 
644.1

 
1.9

Asset-backed securities
 
111

 
656.4

 
647.7

 
8.7

Total fixed maturity securities
 
1,756

 
$
7,634.7

 
$
7,373.6

 
$
261.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Non-redeemable preferred stocks
 
12

 
$
59.2

 
 
 
 
Common stocks
 
93

 
52.4

 
 
 
 
Closed-end fund
 
1

 
19.4

 
 
 
 
Total equity securities
 
106

 
$
131.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
1,862

 
$
7,765.7

 
 
 
 
________________
(1)
At March 31, 2018, the fair value amount included $13.6 million which were non-investment grade.
(2)
The All other corporates category contains 19 additional industry sectors. Gaming, broadcasting and media, food and beverage, metal and mining and retail represented $269.3 million of fair value at March 31, 2018, with the remaining 14 classification each representing less than $28.6 million.
(3)
At March 31, 2018, 100% were investment grade, with an overall credit rating of AA, and the positions were well diversified by property type, geography and sponsor.
(4)
Holdings are geographically diversified, 39.3% are tax-exempt and 77.8% are revenue bonds tied to essential services, such as mass transit, water and sewer. The overall credit quality of the municipal bond portfolio was AA- at March 31, 2018.
(5)
Based on fair value, 97.1% of the collateralized debt obligation securities were rated investment grade by Standard and Poor’s Corporation (S&P), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s) and/or Fitch Ratings (Fitch) at March 31, 2018.

30



At March 31, 2018, the Company’s diversified fixed maturity securities portfolio consisted of 2,795 investment positions, issued by 1,756 entities, and totaled approximately $7.6 billion in fair value. This portfolio was 96.7% investment grade, based on fair value, with an average quality rating of A+. The Company’s investment guidelines target single corporate issuer concentrations to 0.5% of invested assets for "AA" or "AAA" rated securities, 0.4% of invested assets for "A" or "BBB" rated securities, and 0.2% of invested assets for non-investment grade securities.
 
The following table presents the composition and value of the Company’s fixed maturity securities and equity securities portfolios by rating category. At March 31, 2018, 95.8% of these combined portfolios were investment grade, based on fair value, with an overall average quality rating of A+. At March 31, 2018, the Company has classified the entire fixed maturity securities portfolio as available for sale, which is carried at fair value.

Rating of Fixed Maturity Securities and Equity Securities (1)
($ in millions)
 
Percent of Portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
March 31, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
March 31, 2018
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
Fixed maturity securities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

AAA
 
7.4
%
 
7.8
%
 
$
592.5

 
$
583.2

AA (2)
 
40.4

 
41.0

 
3,132.8

 
3,043.5

A
 
23.8

 
23.4

 
1,784.5

 
1,695.8

BBB
 
24.8

 
24.3

 
1,858.3

 
1,792.3

BB
 
2.2

 
2.2

 
170.7

 
169.6

B
 
0.6

 
0.5

 
41.1

 
40.9

CCC or lower
 
0.1

 
0.1

 
1.1

 
1.1

Not rated (3)
 
0.7

 
0.7

 
53.7

 
47.2

Total fixed maturity securities
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
$
7,634.7

 
$
7,373.6

Equity securities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

AAA
 

 

 

 
 
AA
 

 

 

 
 
A
 

 

 

 
 
BBB
 
45.4
%
 
45.2
%
 
$
59.2

 
 
BB
 

 

 

 
 
B
 

 

 

 
 
CCC or lower
 

 

 

 
 
Not rated
 
54.6

 
54.8

 
71.8

 
 
Total equity securities
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
$
131.0

 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 

 
 

 
$
7,765.7

 


________________
(1)
Ratings are as assigned primarily by S&P when available, with remaining ratings as assigned on an equivalent basis by Moody’s or Fitch. Ratings for publicly traded securities are determined when the securities are acquired and are updated monthly to reflect any changes in ratings.
(2)
At March 31, 2018, the AA rated fair value amount included $762.0 million of U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency securities and $619.7 million of mortgage- and asset-backed securities issued by U.S. Government and federally sponsored agencies.
(3)
This category primarily represents private placement and municipal securities not rated by either S&P, Moody’s or Fitch.

At March 31, 2018, the fixed maturity securities portfolio had $63.8 million pretax of gross unrealized investment losses on $2,402.6 million of fair value related to 990 positions. Of the investment positions with gross unrealized investment losses, there were none trading below 80.0% of the carrying value at March 31, 2018.
 
The Company views the unrealized investment losses of all of the fixed maturity securities at March 31, 2018 as temporary. Future changes in circumstances related to these and other securities could require subsequent recognition of OTTI.


31



Benefits, Claims and Settlement Expenses
($ in millions)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Change From Prior Year
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty
 
$
120.7

 
$
122.2

 
-1.2
 %
 
$
(1.5
)
Retirement
 
1.9

 
1.1

 
72.7
 %
 
0.8

Life
 
21.0

 
20.8

 
1.0
 %
 
0.2

Total
 
$
143.6

 
$
144.1

 
-0.3
 %
 
$
(0.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty catastrophe losses, included above
 
$
9.8

 
$
17.2

 
-43.0
 %
 
$
(7.4
)

Property and Casualty Claims and Claim Expenses (Losses)
($ in millions)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Incurred claims and claim expenses:
 
 
 
 
Claims occurring in the current year
 
$
121.0

 
$
123.2

Decrease in estimated reserves for claims occurring in prior years
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.0
)
Total claims and claim expenses incurred
 
$
120.7

 
$
122.2

 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty loss ratio:
 
 
 
 
Total
 
72.9
 %
 
77.2
 %
Effect of catastrophe losses, included above
 
5.9
 %
 
10.8
 %
Effect of prior years’ reserve development, included above
 
-0.2
 %
 
-0.6
 %

For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Company's benefits, claims and settlement expenses decreased $0.5 million or 0.3%, compared to the prior year period.
 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the favorable development of prior years’ Property and Casualty reserves of $0.3 million was the result of actual and remaining projected losses for prior years being below the level anticipated in the immediately preceding December 31 loss reserve estimate. At March 31, 2018, the favorable development was predominantly the result of favorable severity trends in homeowners loss emergence for accident years 2016 and prior.

For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the automobile loss ratio of 76.1% decreased by 2.2 points compared to the prior year period, reflecting lower catastrophe losses that resulted in a 1.0 point decrease and continued stabilization in auto loss trends. The property loss ratio of 66.2% for the three month period ended March 31, 2018, decreased 8.7 points compared to the prior year period, reflecting significantly lower catastrophe losses that resulted in a 12.7 point decrease offset by elevated non-catastrophe weather-related loss experience.

Interest Credited to Policyholders
($ in millions)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Change From Prior Year
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retirement (annuity)
 
$
38.7

 
$
37.5

 
3.2
%
 
$
1.2

Life
 
11.3

 
11.2

 
0.9
%
 
0.1

Total
 
$
50.0

 
$
48.7

 
2.7
%
 
$
1.3

 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the increase in Retirement interest credited reflected a 2.0% increase in average accumulated fixed value on deposit. Life interest credited increased slightly as a result of the growth in reserves for life insurance products with account values.
 

32



The net interest spread on fixed annuity assets under management measures the difference between the rate of income earned on the underlying invested assets and the rate of interest which policyholders are credited on their account values. The annualized net interest spread on fixed annuity assets was 170 basis points, a decrease of 13 basis points compared to the prior year period.

As of March 31, 2018, fixed annuity account values totaled $4.6 billion, including $4.4 billion of deferred annuities. As shown in the table below, for approximately 87.9%, or $3.9 billion of the deferred annuity account values, the credited interest rate was equal to the minimum guaranteed rate. Due to limitations on the Company’s ability to further lower interest crediting rates, coupled with the expectation for continued low reinvestment interest rates, management anticipates fixed annuity spread compression in future periods. The majority of assets backing the net interest spread on fixed annuity business are invested in fixed maturity securities.
 
The Company actively manages its interest rate risk exposure, considering a variety of factors, including earned interest rates, credited interest rates and the relationship between the expected durations of assets and liabilities. Management estimates that over the next 12 months approximately $583.5 million of the Retirement and Life combined investment portfolio and related investable cash flows will be reinvested at current market rates. As interest rates remain at low levels, borrowers may prepay or redeem the securities with greater frequency in order to borrow at lower market rates, which could increase investable cash flows and exacerbate the reinvestment risk.
 
As a general guideline, for a 100 basis point decline in the average reinvestment rate and based on the Company’s existing policies and investment portfolio, the impact from investing in that lower interest rate environment could further reduce Retirement net investment income by approximately $2.3 million in year one and $6.8 million in year two, further reducing the net interest spread by approximately 5 basis points and 13 basis points in the respective periods, compared to the current period annualized net interest spread. The Company could also consider potential changes in rates credited to policyholders, tempered by any restrictions on the ability to adjust policyholder rates due to minimum guaranteed crediting rates.
 
The expectation for future net interest spreads is also an important component in the amortization of DAC. In terms of the sensitivity of this amortization to the net interest spread, based on DAC as of March 31, 2018 and assuming all other assumptions are met, a 10 basis point deviation in the current year targeted interest rate spread assumption would impact amortization between $0.3 million and $0.4 million. This result may change depending on the magnitude and direction of any actual deviations but represents a range of reasonably likely experience for the noted assumption.
 
Additional information regarding the interest crediting rates and balances equal to the minimum guaranteed rate for deferred annuity account values is shown below.
($ in millions)
 
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Annuities at
 
 
Total Deferred Annuities
 
Minimum Guaranteed Rate
 
 
Percent
of Total
 
Accumulated
Value (AV)
 
Percent of
Total Deferred
Annuities AV
 
Percent
of Total
 
Accumulated
Value
Minimum guaranteed interest rates:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Less than 2%
 
25.3
%
 
$
1,114.2

 
56.8
%
 
16.4
%
 
$
632.7

Equal to 2% but less than 3%
 
7.0

 
306.0

 
83.0
%
 
6.5

 
253.9

Equal to 3% but less than 4%
 
14.0

 
614.3

 
99.9
%
 
15.9

 
613.8

Equal to 4% but less than 5%
 
52.5

 
2,311.1

 
100.0
%
 
59.8

 
2,311.2

5% or higher
 
1.2

 
53.5

 
100.0
%
 
1.4

 
53.5

Total
 
100.0
%
 
$
4,399.1

 
87.9
%
 
100.0
%
 
$
3,865.1


The Company will continue to be disciplined in executing strategies to mitigate the negative impact on profitability of a sustained low interest rate environment. However, the success of these strategies may be affected by the factors discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and other factors discussed herein.

33



DAC Amortization Expense

DAC amortization expense was $26.7 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to $24.9 million for the prior year period, reflecting a $1.1 million pretax increase in Retirement. For Retirement and Life, unlocking resulted in an immaterial change to amortization at March 31, 2018.

Operating Expenses

For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, operating expenses of $48.2 million decreased $0.5 million, or 1.0%.
 
The Property and Casualty expense ratio of 26.0% for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 was 2.3 points below the prior year period with 1.3 points of the decrease attributable to an expense recovery.

Income Tax Expense
 
The effective income tax rate on the Company’s pretax income, including net investment gains and losses, was 15.1% and 14.0% for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Income from investments in tax-advantaged securities reduced the effective income tax rates by 4.8% and 7.8% for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The adoption of a new accounting standard for employee share-based payments on January 1, 2017 reduced the effective income tax rate by 13.0% for the three month period ended March 31, 2017.

On December 22, 2017, comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted by the U.S. government. The Tax Act is generally effective January 1, 2018, and among other changes, reduced the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, eliminated the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax, modified numerous insurance-specific provisions, and further limited deductions for executive compensation. The Tax Act reduced the Company’s effective tax rate by 9.5% for the period ended March 31, 2018.  The Company recorded provisional amounts in its December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 Consolidated Financial Statements related to partnership investments and discounted loss reserves.  Reasonable estimates of the tax impacts of these provisional items were reflected in the Company’s results of operations; however, as of March 31, 2018, the Company has not yet completed its accounting for these provisional items.  For partnership investments, the Company is waiting to receive schedules K-1, and for discounted loss reserves, the Company is waiting on guidance from the U.S. Treasury.  Adjustments to the provisional amounts will impact the Company’s consolidated results of operations and must be reflected no later than in the Company’s December 31, 2018 Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company records liabilities for uncertain tax filing positions where it is more likely than not that the position will not be sustainable upon audit by taxing authorities. These liabilities are reevaluated routinely and are adjusted appropriately based on changes in facts or law. The Company has no unrecorded liabilities from uncertain tax filing positions.
 
At March 31, 2018, the Company’s federal income tax returns for years prior to 2014 are no longer subject to examination by the IRS. Management does not anticipate any assessments for tax years that remain subject to examination to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 

34



Net Income
 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Company's net income of $20.2 million increased $4.9 million reflecting lower catastrophe losses compared to the prior year period. Property and Casualty net income increased $7.0 million compared to the prior year period. After tax net investment losses were $1.3 million compared to net investment losses of $0.1 million in the prior year period. Additional detail is included in the Executive Summary at the beginning of this MD&A.
 
Net income (loss) by segment and net income per share were as follows:
($ in millions)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Change From Prior Year
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Percent
 
Amount
Analysis of net income (loss) by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property and Casualty
 
$
9.7

 
$
2.7

 
259.3
 %
 
$
7.0

Retirement
 
11.4

 
11.5

 
-0.9
 %
 
(0.1
)
Life
 
3.8

 
3.9

 
-2.6
 %
 
(0.1
)
Corporate and Other (1)
 
(4.7
)
 
(2.8
)
 
-67.9
 %
 
(1.9
)
Net income
 
$
20.2

 
$
15.3

 
32.0
 %
 
$
4.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of catastrophe losses, after tax, included above
 
$
(7.7
)
 
$
(11.1
)
 
-30.6
 %
 
$
3.4

Effect of net investment gains
(losses), after tax, included above
 
$
(1.3
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
N.M.

 
$
(1.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share
 
$
0.48

 
$
0.37

 
29.7
 %
 
$
0.11

Weighted average number of common and
common equivalent shares (in millions)
 
41.7

 
41.3

 
1.0
 %
 
0.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property and casualty combined ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
98.9
 %
 
105.5
 %
 
-

 
-6.6 pts

Effect of catastrophe losses, included above
 
5.9
 %
 
10.8
 %
 
-

 
-4.9 pts

Effect of prior years’ reserve development,included above
 
-0.2
 %
 
-0.6
 %
 
-

 
0.4 pts

________________
N.M. - Not meaningful.
(1)
Corporate and Other includes interest expense on corporate debt, net investment gains and losses, corporate debt retirement costs, certain public company expenses and other corporate-level items. The Company does not allocate the impact of corporate-level transactions to the operating segments, consistent with the basis for management’s evaluation of the results of those segments.

As described in footnote (1) to the table above, Corporate and Other reflects corporate-level transactions. Of those transactions, net investment gains and losses may vary notably between reporting periods and are often the driver of fluctuations in the level of this segment’s net income or loss. For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, net investment losses after tax were $1.3 million, compared to net investment losses after tax of $0.1 million for the prior year period.
 


35



Outlook for 2018

At the time of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, management estimates that 2018 full year core earnings* will be within a range of $2.10 to $2.30 per diluted share. This projection incorporates the Company's results for 2017 and anticipates continued improvement in the Company's underlying automobile combined ratio, 6 to 7 points of catastrophe losses, Retirement and Life segment core earnings* comparable to 2017 reflecting lower net interest spreads and consistent mortality costs, as well as continued strategic investment in modernization of technology and infrastructure to accelerate growth and capacity. This projection also encompasses the impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, reflecting an overall effective tax rate of between 15% and 18%. As a result of the continued low interest rate environment, management expects the Company's overall pretax annualized investment yield to decline by 20-30 basis points, impacting each of the three operating segments. Within Property and Casualty, both approved and planned premium rate increases, as well as continued underwriting initiatives, are expected to improve the underlying automobile combined ratio by 2 to 2.5 points and the underlying property combined ratio by 1.0 to 1.5 points. Net income for Retirement will continue to be impacted by the prolonged interest rate environment and the net interest spread is anticipated to be around 170 basis points through the course of 2018. Life net income is expected to be consistent with 2017 due to net investment income pressures and comparable mortality costs. In addition to the segment-specific factors, the Company's initiatives for customer service and infrastructure improvements, as well as continued investment in the Company's agency force, will continue and result in a modest increase in expense levels compared to 2017.
As described in Critical Accounting Policies, certain of the Company's significant accounting measurements require the use of estimates and assumptions. As additional information becomes available, adjustments may be required. Those adjustments are charged or credited to income for the period in which the adjustments are made and may impact actual results compared to management's estimates above. Additionally, see Forward-looking Information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 concerning other important factors that could impact actual results. Management believes that a projection of net income is not appropriate on a forward-looking basis because it is not possible to provide a valid forecast of net investment gains and losses, which can vary substantially from one period to another and may have a significant impact on net income.


Liquidity and Financial Resources
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
At March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or for other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As such, the Company is not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if the Company engaged in such relationships.
 
Investments
 
Information regarding the Company’s investment portfolio, which is comprised primarily of investment grade, fixed maturity securities, is located in Results of Operations -- Net Investment Gains and Losses (Pretax) and in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -- Note 2 -- Investments.

36



Cash Flow
 
The short-term liquidity requirements of the Company, within a 12 month operating cycle, are for the timely payment of claims and benefits to policyholders, operating expenses, interest payments and federal income taxes. Cash flow generated from operations has been, and is expected to be, adequate to meet the Company’s operating cash needs in the next 12 months. Cash flow in excess of operational needs has been used to fund business growth, pay dividends to shareholders and repurchase shares of HMEC's common stock. Long-term liquidity requirements, beyond one year, are principally for the payment of future insurance and annuity policy claims and benefits, as well as retirement of long-term debt.
 
Operating Activities
 
As a holding company, HMEC conducts its principal operations in the personal lines segment of the Property and Casualty and Life insurance industries through its subsidiaries. HMEC’s insurance subsidiaries generate cash flow from premium and investment income, generally well in excess of their immediate needs for policy obligations, operating expenses and other cash requirements. Cash provided by operating activities primarily reflects net cash generated by the insurance subsidiaries. For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities decreased $0.6 million, or 0.9%, compared to the same period in 2017.
 
Payments of principal and interest on debt, dividends to shareholders and parent company operating expenses is largely dependent on the ability of the insurance subsidiaries to pay cash dividends or make other cash payments to HMEC, including tax payments pursuant to tax sharing agreements. Payments for share repurchase programs also have this dependency. If necessary, HMEC also has other potential sources of liquidity that could provide for additional funding to meet corporate obligations or pay shareholder dividends, which include a revolving line of credit, as well as issuances of various securities. The insurance subsidiaries are subject to various regulatory restrictions which limit the amount of annual dividends or other distributions, including loans or cash advances, available to HMEC without prior approval of the insurance regulatory authorities. The aggregate amount of dividends that may be paid in 2018 from all of HMEC’s insurance subsidiaries without prior regulatory approval is approximately $94.0 million, of which $14.0 million was paid during the three month period ended March 31, 2018. Although regulatory restrictions exist, dividend availability from subsidiaries has been, and is expected to be, adequate for HMEC’s capital needs. Additional information is contained in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -- Note 10 -- Statutory Information and Restrictions of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
Investing Activities
 
HMEC’s insurance subsidiaries maintain significant investments in fixed maturity securities to meet future contractual obligations to policyholders. In conjunction with its management of liquidity and other asset/liability management objectives, the Company, from time to time, will sell fixed maturity securities prior to maturity, and reinvest the proceeds in other investments with different interest rates, maturities or credit characteristics. Accordingly, the Company has classified the entire fixed maturity securities portfolio as available for sale.
 
Financing Activities
 
Financing activities include primarily payment of dividends, the receipt and withdrawal of funds by annuity contractholders, issuances and repurchases of HMEC’s common stock, fluctuations in bank overdraft balances, and borrowings, repayments and repurchases related to its debt facilities.
 
The Company’s annuity business produced net negative cash flows in the first three months of 2018. For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, receipts from annuity contracts decreased $18.5 million, or 15.8%, compared to the prior year period, as described in Results of Operations -- Insurance Premiums and Contract Charges. In total, annuity contract benefits, withdrawals and net transfers to variable annuity accumulated cash values increased $12.5 million, or 12.5%, compared to the prior year period.

37



Capital Resources
 
The Company has determined the amount of capital which is needed to adequately fund and support business growth, primarily based on risk-based capital formulas including those developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (the NAIC). Historically, the Company’s insurance subsidiaries have generated capital in excess of such needed capital. These excess amounts have been paid to HMEC through dividends. HMEC has then utilized these dividends and its access to the capital markets to service and retire long-term debt, pay dividends to its shareholders, fund growth initiatives, repurchase shares of its common stock and for other corporate purposes. Management anticipates that the Company’s sources of capital will continue to generate sufficient capital to meet the needs for business growth, debt interest payments, shareholder dividends and its share repurchase program. Additional information is contained in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -- Note 10 -- Statutory Information and Restrictions of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
The total capital of the Company was $1,702.2 million at March 31, 2018, including $297.5 million of long-term debt. Total debt represented 19.5% of total capital excluding net unrealized investment gains on securities (17.5% including net unrealized investment gains on securities) at March 31, 2018, which was below the Company’s long-term target of 25%.
 
Shareholders’ equity was $1,404.7 million at March 31, 2018, including net unrealized investment gains on securities in the Company’s investment portfolio of $178.0 million after taxes and the related impact of DAC associated with investment contracts and life insurance products with account values. The market value of the Company’s common stock and the market value per share were $1,748.0 million and $42.75, respectively, at March 31, 2018. Book value per share was $34.35 at March 31, 2018 ($30.00 excluding net unrealized investment gains on securities).
 
Additional information regarding net unrealized investment gains on securities in the Company’s investment portfolio at March 31, 2018 is included in Note 2 - Investments - Net Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses on Securities contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
Total dividends paid to shareholders was $11.6 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2018. In March 2018, the Board of Directors announced regular quarterly dividends of $0.285 per share.
 
For the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Company repurchased 161 shares of its common stock at an average price per share of $37.50 under its share repurchase program, which is further described in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -- Note 9 -- Shareholders’ Equity and Common Stock Equivalents of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2018, $27.8 million remained authorized for future share repurchases under the repurchase program.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Senior Notes (Senior Notes due 2025), which will mature on December 1, 2025, issued at a discount resulting in an effective yield of 4.53%. Interest on the Senior Notes due 2025 is payable semi-annually at a rate of 4.50%. Detailed information regarding the redemption terms of the Senior Notes due 2025 is contained in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -- Note 7 -- Debt of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Senior Notes due 2025 are traded in the open market (HMN 4.50).

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had $50.0 million outstanding with FHLB. In 2017, HMIC purchased common stock to meet the activity-based requirement for membership. For FHLB borrowings, the Board has authorized a maximum amount equal to the greater of 10% of admitted assets or 20% of surplus of the consolidated property and casualty companies. For the total $50.0 million received, $25.0 million matures on October 5, 2022 and $25.0 million matures on December 2, 2022. Interest on the borrowings accrues at an annual weighted average rate of 1.9% as of March 31, 2018. HMIC's FHLB borrowings of $50.0 million are included in Long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.


38



As of March 31, 2018, the Company had no balance outstanding under its Bank Credit Facility. The Bank Credit Facility provides for unsecured borrowings of up to $150.0 million and expires on July 30, 2019. Interest accrues at varying spreads relative to prime or Eurodollar base rates and is payable monthly or quarterly depending on the applicable base rate. The unused portion of the Bank Credit Facility is subject to a variable commitment fee, which was 0.15% on an annual basis at March 31, 2018.

To provide additional capital management flexibility, the Company filed a "universal shelf" registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 13, 2018. The registration statement, which registered the offer and sale by the Company from time to time of an indeterminate amount of various securities, which may include debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, delayed delivery contracts and/or units that include any of these securities, was automatically effective on March 13, 2018. Unless withdrawn by the Company earlier, this registration statement will remain effective through March 13, 2021. No securities associated with the registration statement have been issued as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

On March 13, 2018, the Company filed a "shelf" registration statement on Form S-4 with the SEC which became effective on May 2, 2018. Under this registration statement, the Company may from time to time offer and issue up to 5,000,000 shares of its common stock in connection with future acquisitions of other businesses, assets or securities.  Unless withdrawn by the Company earlier, this registration statement will remain effective indefinitely. No securities associated with the registration statement have been issued as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Financial Ratings

HMEC’s principal insurance subsidiaries are rated by S&P, Moody’s, A.M. Best Company, Inc. (A.M. Best) and Fitch. These rating agencies have also assigned ratings to the Company’s long-term debt securities. The ratings that are assigned by these agencies, which are subject to change, can impact, among other things, the Company’s access to sources of capital, cost of capital, and competitive position. These ratings are not a recommendation to buy or hold any of the Company’s securities.

Assigned ratings as of April 30, 2018 were unchanged from the disclosure in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Assigned ratings were as follows (unless otherwise indicated, the insurance financial strength ratings for the Company’s Property and Casualty insurance subsidiaries and the Company’s principal Life insurance subsidiary are the same):
 
 
Insurance Financial
 
 
 
 
Strength Ratings (Outlook)
 
Debt Ratings (Outlook)
As of April 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
S&P
 
A
 
(stable)
 
BBB
 
(stable)
Moody’s
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Horace Mann Life Insurance Company
 
A3
 
(positive)
 
N.A.
 
 
HMEC’s Property and Casualty subsidiaries
 
A3
 
(positive)
 
N.A.
 
 
HMEC
 
N.A.
 
 
 
Baa3
 
(positive)
A.M. Best
 
A
 
(stable)
 
bbb
 
(stable)
Fitch
 
A
 
(stable)
 
BBB
 
(stable)
________________
N.A. – Not applicable.
 
Reinsurance Programs
 
Information regarding the reinsurance program for the Company’s Property and Casualty segment is located in Business -- Property and Casualty Segment -- Property and Casualty Reinsurance of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
Information regarding the reinsurance program for the Company’s Life segment is located in Business -- Life Segment of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

39




Market Value Risk
 
Market value risk, the Company’s primary market risk exposure, is the risk that the Company’s invested assets will decrease in value. This decrease in value may be due to (1) a change in the yields realized on the Company’s assets and prevailing market yields for similar assets, (2) an unfavorable change in the liquidity of the investment, (3) an unfavorable change in the financial prospects of the issuer of the investment, or (4) a downgrade in the credit rating of the issuer of the investment. See also Results of Operations -- Net Investment Gains and Losses (Pretax).
 
Significant changes in interest rates expose the Company to the risk of experiencing losses or earning a reduced level of income based on the difference between the interest rates earned on the Company’s investments and the credited interest rates on the Company’s insurance and investment contract liabilities. See also Results of Operations -- Interest Credited to Policyholders.
 
The Company seeks to manage its market value risk by coordinating the projected cash inflows of assets with the projected cash outflows of liabilities. For all its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maintain reasonable durations, consistent with the maximization of income without sacrificing investment quality, while providing for liquidity and diversification. The investment risk associated with variable annuity deposits and the underlying mutual funds is assumed by those contractholders, and not by the Company. Certain fees that the Company earns from variable annuity deposits are based on the market value of the funds deposited.
 
More detailed descriptions of the Company’s exposure to market value risks and the management of those risks is presented in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Market Value Risk of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 3:   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
The information required by Item 305 of Regulation S-K is contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Market Value Risk contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 4:   Controls and Procedures
 
Management’s Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (Exchange Act), as of March 31, 2018 pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Company (including its consolidated subsidiaries) that is required to be included in the Company’s periodic Securities and Exchange Commission filings. No material weaknesses in the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were identified in the evaluation and therefore, no corrective actions were taken. There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


40



PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A:  Risk Factors

At the time of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, management believes there are no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The following risk factor is updated to reflect recent developments; however, in general the described risks are comparable to those previously disclosed.

The Department of Labor (DOL) fiduciary rule and standards of conduct proposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and related state activity could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
On April 6, 2016, the DOL released a final regulation which more broadly defines the types of activities that will result in a person being deemed a "fiduciary" for purposes of the prohibited transaction rules of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) and Code Section 4975. Section 4975 prohibits certain kinds of compensation with respect to transactions involving assets in certain accounts, including IRAs.

In its original form, the DOL regulation would affect the ways in which financial services representatives can be compensated for sales to participants in ERISA employer-sponsored qualified plans and sales to IRA customers, and impose significant additional legal obligations and disclosure requirements. The DOL regulation could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. While the regulation does not affect non-ERISA employer-sponsored qualified plans, such as public school 403(b) plans, it could have the following impacts, among others:

 It could inhibit our ability to sell and service IRAs, resulting in a change and/or a reduction of the types of products we offer for IRAs, and impact our relationship with current clients.
It could require changes in the way that we compensate our agents, thereby impacting our agents' business model.
It could require changes in our distribution model for financial services products and could result in a decrease in the number of our agents.
It could increase our costs of doing IRA business and increase our litigation and regulatory risks.
It could increase the cost and complexity of regulatory compliance for our Retirement segment's products.

The DOL rule was originally to be effective on April 10, 2017, but under a delay measure, the fiduciary definition went into effect on June 9, 2017, with certain conditions for prohibited transaction exemption relief delayed until July 1, 2019. However, on March 15, 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit released an opinion vacating the fiduciary rule in its entirety, including all related prohibited transaction exemptions.

While the ultimate fate of the DOL fiduciary rule is unclear, the SEC has proposed new or clarified standards of conduct for broker-dealers and investment advisers.  This regulatory activity by the SEC also has the potential to adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There is also activity at the state level. The NAIC has proposed amendments to its Suitability in Annuity Transactions model regulation, including incorporation of a requirement that a recommendation be in the consumer's best interest. Nevada passed a fiduciary statute, New York has proposed amendments to its suitability regulation, and other states are considering passing their own "fiduciary rules". In view of the Fifth Circuit decision vacating the DOL fiduciary rule, there may be increased state activity in this arena.



41



Item 2:   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
On December 7, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors (the Board) authorized a share repurchase program allowing repurchases of up to $50.0 million of Horace Mann Educators Corporation’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 (the 2011 Plan). On September 30, 2015, the Board authorized an additional share repurchase program allowing repurchases of up to $50.0 million to begin following the completion of the 2011 Plan and utilization of that authorization began in January 2016. Both share repurchase programs authorize the repurchase of common shares in open market or privately negotiated transactions, from time to time, depending on market conditions. The current share repurchase program does not have an expiration date and may be limited or terminated at any time without notice. During the three month period ended March 31, 2018, the Company repurchased shares of HMEC common stock as follows:
Period
 



Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
 



Average Price
Paid Per Share
 

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
 
Maximum Number
(or Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares
That May Yet Be
Purchased Under The
Plans or Programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
January 1 - 31
 

 

 

 
$27.8 million
February 1 - 28
 
161

 
$37.50
 
161

 
$27.8 million
March 1 - 31
 

 

 

 
$27.8 million
Total
 
161

 
$37.50
 
161

 
$27.8 million

Item 5:   Other Information
 
The Company is not aware of any information required to be disclosed in a report on Form 8-K during the three month period ended March 31, 2018 which has not been filed with the SEC.


42



Item 6:   Exhibits

The following items are filed as Exhibits. Management contracts and compensatory plans are indicated by an asterisk (*).
Exhibit
 
 
No.
 
Description
 
 
 
(3) Articles of incorporation and bylaws:
 
 
 
3.1
 
 
 
 
3.2
 
 
 
 
(4) Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures:
 
 
 
4.1
 
 
 
 
4.1(a)
 
 
 
 
4.2
 
 
 
 
(10) Material contracts:
 
 
 
10.1
 
 
 
 
10.1(a)
 
 
 
 
10.1(b)
 
 
 
 
10.2*
 
 
 
 

43



10.2(a)*
 
 
 
 
10.2(b)*
 
 
 
 
10.2(c)*
 
 
 
 
10.2(d)*
 
 
 
 
10.2(e)*
 
 
 
 
10.3*
 
 
 
 
10.3(a)*
 
 
 
 
10.3(b)*
 
 
 
 
10.3(c)*
 
 
 
 
10.3(d)*
 
 
 
 
10.3(e)*
 
10.3(f)*
 
 
 
 

44



10.3(g)*
 
 
 
 
10.4*
 
 
 
 
10.5*
 
 
 
 
10.6*
 
 
 
 
10.7*
 
 
 
 
10.8*
 
 
 
 
10.9*
 
 
 
 
10.9(a)*
 
 
 
 
10.10*
 
 
 
 
10.10(a)*
 
 
 
 
10.11*
 
 
 
 
10.11(a)*
 
 
 
 
10.11(b)*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(31) Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002:
 
31.1
 
 

45



31.2
 
 
 
 
(32) Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002:
 
32.1
 
 
 
 
32.2
 
 
 
 
(99) Additional exhibits:
 
 
 
99.1
 
 
 
 
(101) Interactive Data File:
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
 
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
 
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
 
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
 
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
 
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 
 
 

46



SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
HORACE MANN EDUCATORS CORPORATION
 
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date
May 9, 2018
 
  /s/ Marita Zuraitis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marita Zuraitis
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date
May 9, 2018
 
  /s/ Bret A. Conklin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bret A. Conklin
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date
May 9, 2018
 
  /s/ Kimberly A. Johnson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kimberly A. Johnson
 
 
 
Vice President, Controller and
 
 
 
Principal Accounting Officer


47