Ideal Power Inc. - Quarter Report: 2014 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014

OR

For the transition period from ______________ to _______________

Commission File Number 001-36216

IDEAL POWER INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

4120 Freidrich Lane, Suite 100

Austin, Texas 78744

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(512) 264-1542

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

5004 Bee Creek Road, Suite 600

Spicewood, Texas 78669

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period than the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer,” and “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No x

As of August 8, 2014 the issuer had 7,015,343 shares of common stock, par value $.001, issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

IDEAL POWER INC.

Condensed Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

IDEAL POWER INC.

Condensed Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

IDEAL POWER INC.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

Ideal Power Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business

Ideal Power Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Texas on May 17, 2007 under the name Ideal Power Converters, Inc. The Company changed its name to Ideal Power Inc. on July 8, 2013 and re-incorporated in Delaware on July 15, 2013. With headquarters in Austin, Texas, it has developed power converter solutions for commercial and industrial grid storage, electric vehicle fast charging and photovoltaic generation. The principal products of the Company are battery converters and, to a lesser extent, photovoltaic inverters.

Since its inception, the Company has generated limited revenues from the sale of products and has financed its research and development efforts and operations primarily through the issuance of convertible debt, governmental grants and, recently, proceeds from its initial public offering.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

On November 21, 2013, the Company effected a 1-for-2.381 reverse stock split of its issued common stock. All applicable share data, per share amounts and related information in the financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively to give effect to the 1-for-2.381 reverse stock split. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These changes had no impact on total revenue, loss from operations or net loss.

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2013 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all normal recurring and other adjustments necessary for a fair presentation. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire fiscal year or any other future periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral from its customers or interest on past due amounts. Management estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts based on review and analysis of specific customer balances that may not be collectible and how recently payments have been received. Accounts are considered for write-off when they become past due and when it is determined that the probability of collection is remote. There was no allowance for doubtful accounts at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first in, first out method) or market value. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed regularly and a write-down for excess and obsolete inventory is recorded based primarily on an estimated forecast of product demand, market conditions and anticipated production requirements in the near future. There was no reserve for excess and obsolete inventory at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Major additions and improvements are capitalized while maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the useful life of the respective asset are expensed. Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the asset or the related lease term. Estimated useful lives of the principal classes of assets are as follows:

Patents

Patents are recorded at cost. The Company capitalizes third party legal costs and filing fees associated with obtaining patents on its new discoveries. Once the patents have been issued, the Company amortizes these costs over the shorter of the legal life of the patent or its estimated economic life, generally 20 years, using the straight-line method.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The long-lived assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment no less frequently than annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the cost of any long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation of recoverability is performed. Management has determined that there was no impairment in the value of long-lived assets at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. As of the balance sheet dates, the estimated fair values of the financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying values as presented on the balance sheets. This is primarily attributed to the short maturities of these instruments. The Company did not identify any other non-recurring assets and liabilities that are required to be presented in the balance sheets at fair value.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from product sales is recognized when the risks of loss and title pass to the customer, as specified in (1) the respective sales agreements and (2) other revenue recognition criteria as prescribed by Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101 (SAB 101), “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements,” as amended by SAB No. 104, “Revenue Recognition”. The Company generally sells its products FOB shipping and recognizes revenue when products are shipped. Revenue from service contracts is recognized using the completed-performance or proportional-performance method depending on the terms of the service agreement. When there are acceptance provisions based on customer-specified subjective criteria, the completed-performance method is used. For contracts where the services performed in the last series of acts is very significant, in relation to the entire contract, performance is not deemed to have occurred until the final act is completed. Once customer acceptance has been received, or the last significant act is performed, revenue is recognized. The Company uses the proportional-performance method when a service contract specifies a number of acts to be performed and the Company has the ability to determine the pattern and related value in which service is provided to the customer.

The Company receives payments from government entities in the form of government grants. Government grants are agreements that generally provide the Company with cost reimbursement for certain types of research and development activities over a contractually defined period. Revenues from government grants are recognized in the period during which the Company incurs the related costs, provided that the Company has incurred the cost in accordance with the specifications and work plans determined between the Company and the government entity. Costs incurred related to the grants are recorded as grant research and development costs. Grant revenue amounted to $299,021 and $796,449 for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $116,426 and $574,211 for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, grants receivable amounted to $125,833 and $211,063, respectively, and was included in accounts receivable.

Royalty income is recognized as earned based on the terms of the contractual agreements and has no direct costs.

Product Warranties

The Company generally provides a ten year manufacturer’s warranty covering product defects. Accruals for product warranties are estimated based upon historical warranty experience and are recorded in cost of sales at the time revenue is recognized in order to match revenues with related expenses. The Company assesses the adequacy of its warranty liability quarterly and adjusts the reserve, included in accrued expenses, as necessary.

Research and Development

Grant research and development are costs incurred solely related to grant revenues, and are classified as a line item under cost of revenues. Other research and development costs are presented as a line item under operating expenses and are expensed as incurred. Total research and development costs incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 amounted to $1,237,278 and $1,381,498, respectively, of which $332,245 and $816,941, respectively was included in cost of revenues. Total research and development costs incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 amounted to $727,902 and $913,817, respectively, of which $129,362 and $583,610, respectively, was included in cost of revenues.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company has established a full reserve against all deferred tax assets.

Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company applies FASB ASC 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing earnings (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed similar to basic earnings (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include additional common shares available upon exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock method, except for periods for which no common share equivalents are included because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company applies FASB ASC 718, “Stock Compensation,” when recording stock based compensation. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation model are as follows:

Grant Price - The grant price of the issuances are determined based on the estimated fair value of the shares at the date of grant. Since our initial public offering, the grant price is the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Risk-free interest rate - The risk free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. treasury yield in effect at the time of grant.

Expected lives - As permitted by SAB 107, due to the Company's insufficient history of option activity, management utilizes the simplified approach to estimate the options’ expected term, which represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding.

Expected volatility – Volatility is determined based on management's estimate or historical volatilities of comparable companies.

Expected dividend yield – Dividend yield is based on current yield at the grant date or the average dividend yield over the historical period. The Company has never declared or paid dividends and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

The Company accounts for stock issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 505-50 “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees.” FASB ASC 505-50 states that equity instruments that are issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services should be measured at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date occurs as of the earlier of (a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached or (b) absent a performance commitment, the date at which the performance necessary to earn the equity instruments is complete (that is, the vesting date).

Presentation of Sales Taxes

Certain states impose a sales tax on the Company’s sales to nonexempt customers. The Company collects that sales tax from customers and remits the entire amount to the states. The Company’s accounting policy is to exclude the tax collected and remitted to the states from revenues and cost of revenues.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The Company maintains its cash with a major financial institution located in the United States. Balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. The Company maintains balances in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.

The Company encounters a certain amount of risk as a result of a concentration of revenue from a few significant customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and records an allowance for potential bad debts based on available information.

The Company had revenue from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (“ARPA-E”) that accounted for 35% and 63% of net revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 21% and 66% of net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company also had revenue under a Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) program grant that accounted for 14% and 22% of net revenue for the six and three months, respectively, ended June 30, 2013.

The Company also had revenue from three customers which accounted for 23%, 17% and 15% of net revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and revenue from four customers which accounted for 24%, 23%, 18% and 12% of net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2014.

The Company had an accounts receivable balance from ARPA-E that accounted for 31% and 84% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The Company had accounts receivable balances with three customers which accounted for 32%, 17% and 11%, respectively, of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2014.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if adopted, will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Note 3 – Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

Note 4 – Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

Note 5 – Commitments

Lease

On March 24, 2014, the Company entered into a lease for 14,782 square feet of office and laboratory space located in Austin, Texas. The triple net lease has a term of 48 months and commenced on June 1, 2014. The annual base rent in the first year of the lease is $154,324 and increases by $3,548 in each succeeding year of the lease. In addition, the Company is required to pay its proportionate share of operating costs for the building. The Company has a one-time option to terminate the lease on May 31, 2017 with a termination payment of approximately $99,000 if it elects to exercise this option. Upon entering the lease agreement, the Company paid the landlord a security deposit of $35,840 that is to be repaid, provided the Company is not in default on any of its obligations under the lease, one-half after eighteen months and the remainder at the end of the lease term.

At June 30, 2014, the remaining annual base rent commitments under the lease, assuming no early termination, are as follows:

The Company leased its prior facility in Spicewood, Texas under an operating lease that expired on June 26, 2014.

Rent expense incurred for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 amounted to $36,773 and $17,631, respectively. Rent expense incurred for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 amounted to $26,886 and $8,412, respectively.

Inventory

The Company’s contract manufacturer, as pre-approved by the Company, purchases component inventory to utilize in future production of the Company’s products. If the Company were to cease utilizing this contract manufacturer, the Company would be required to purchase the inventory acquired on its behalf and not used in the production of its products at the acquisition cost of the inventory plus a storage fee. At June 30, 2014, the Company’s contract manufacturer held component inventory of $71,598, inclusive of the storage fee, under this arrangement. The Company has recorded this component inventory as inventory in its balance sheet with a corresponding liability recorded in accrued expenses.

Note 6 — Equity Incentive Plan

On May 17, 2013, the Company adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and reserved 487,932 shares of common stock for issuance under the Plan, including stock options, stock awards and stock bonuses. The maximum number of shares that may be granted under the Plan will be increased effective the first day of each of the Company’s fiscal quarters provided that the number of shares that may be granted under the Plan does not exceed 839,983 shares. At June 30, 2014, 446,058 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the Plan.

The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The persons eligible to participate in the Plan are employees (including officers), members of the Board of Directors, consultants and other independent advisors and contractors who provide services to the Company. Options issued under the Plan may have a term of up to ten years and may have variable vesting. The typical vesting schedule for stock options awarded under the Plan is a four year annual vesting schedule for employees and a one year quarterly vesting schedule for Board members.

During the six months ended June 30, 2014, the Company granted 51,126 stock options to Board members and 12,000 stock options to employees and issued 32,525 shares related to prior Board service through December 31, 2013. The estimated fair value of stock options granted under the Plan in the six months ended June 30, 2014, calculated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, was $209,313, of which $77,500 was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2014.

Awards Granted Outside the Plan

The Company issued a non-qualified stock option to its Chief Executive Officer (the “Inducement Option”) to purchase 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share exercise price of $7.14, equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on January 8, 2014, the date of grant. The right to purchase the shares subject to the Inducement Option will vest in equal increments over a period of four years, beginning on December 31, 2014 and continuing thereafter on each subsequent December 31^st through the end of the vesting period. The Inducement Option has a term of 10 years and is not subject to the terms of the Company’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan. The estimated fair value of the Inducement Option, calculated utilizing the Black-Scholes option valuation model, was $1,030,825, of which $128,853 was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2014.

During the six months ended June 30, 2014, one option holder exercised options to purchase 10,500 shares of the Company’s common stock on a cashless basis. The option holder received 10,374 shares of common stock and $6 in cash payment for a fractional share. This option was granted prior to the Company’s adoption of its 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.

As permitted by SAB 107, due to the Company’s insufficient history of option activity, management utilizes the simplified approach to estimate the expected term of stock options, which represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. treasury yield in effect at the time of grant. The volatility is determined based on management’s estimate or historical volatilities of comparable companies. The Company has never declared or paid dividends and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model are as follows:

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information is as follows:

The estimated aggregate pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s stock price on the last day of the six months ended June 30, 2014 and the exercise prices, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) is approximately $1,114,000. This amount changes based on the fair value of the Company’s stock.

As of June 30, 2014, there was $1,621,213 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan or, in the case of the Inducement Option, outside the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.

Note 7 — Warrants

During the six months ended June 30, 2014, one warrant holder exercised warrants to purchase 36,098 shares of the Company’s common stock on a cashless basis. The warrant holder received 36,092 shares of common stock and $3 in cash payment for a fractional share. Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2014, one warrant holder exercised warrants to purchase 1,438 shares of the Company’s common stock for $5,000 in cash.

A summary of the Company’s warrant activity and related information is as follows:

The shares underlying the warrants have not been registered. Warrants to purchase 52,000 shares were unvested at June 30, 2014.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND OTHER INFORMATION

CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” or other similar expressions in this report. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products, applications, customers, technologies, future performance or results of anticipated products, expenses, and financial results. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

The forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions and are made as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this report. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “Ideal Power,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Ideal Power Inc.

ITEM 2.       MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our audited 2013 financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2014. In addition to historical information, the discussion and analysis here and throughout this Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited, to those set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this report.

OVERVIEW

We are located in Austin, Texas. We were formed to develop and commercialize our Power Packet Switching Architecture (“PPSA”) technology, which is designed to improve the performance, size, weight, reliability, flexibility and manufacturing cost of electronic power converters. The electronic power converter vertical markets are large and include variable frequency drives (“VFDs”) for AC induction motors, power converters for residential, commercial, and utility-scale renewable energy systems, and on-board power converters for electric vehicles. We believe that, due to the design advantages noted above, our technology can provide solutions that are both efficient and economically advantageous to these markets.

Our current focus is on commercializing our technology to provide solutions for emerging high growth markets in battery energy storage systems (“BESS”) and integrated photovoltaic (“PV”) + BESS applications. Assuming we are successful in commercializing our technology, we plan to offer solutions to additional emerging and more mature vertical markets. These solutions will include products manufactured by our contract manufacturers and then sold by Ideal Power. In addition, for certain geographic markets and applications that would be challenging for us, as a small U.S. company, to serve, we expect to enter into licensing agreements with leading global electronics companies. These agreements would allow regional manufacturers to build our products under license for local markets, or we may license product designs to global brands for specific applications.

We were founded on May 17, 2007. To date, our operations have been funded primarily through the sale of our common stock and convertible debt, as well as through U.S. Department of Energy grants. Our total revenue generated from inception to date as of June 30, 2014 is $5,134,723 with almost half of that revenue coming from government grants. We have applied these revenues to research and product development, thereby reducing our capital requirements. We will continue to pursue research and development grants, where available, for the purpose of developing new products and improving our current products. We can make no assurances that additional grants will be available in the future.

Our Products

Our first product, a 30kW PV inverter, completed industry certification in May 2011. The development and commercialization of this product was an important building block in validating the features of our technology and provided us with valuable experience with our technology in conditions outside of a laboratory test environment. Our PV inverter technology uses the same hardware as our current 30kW battery converter along with PV inverter specific embedded software, which we expect to migrate into higher value integrated PV + BESS systems using our 3-port hybrid converter.

Our second product, a 30kW battery converter, completed industry certification in January 2013. This product uses the same hardware design as our PV inverter, but with more sophisticated embedded software for bi-directional battery controls. It has significant performance advantages over other solutions in BESS applications including the following. The product’s conversion efficiency is 96.5% CEC-weighted compared with only 92.5% CEC-weighted from other products in the market. In BESS applications, the 4 percentage point improvement doubles due to two power converter steps (grid AC to battery DC, and battery DC to grid AC). As a result, a BESS using a commonly used solution requires 8% more input electricity and 4% more batteries to create the same electrical output as BESS using our 30kW battery converter. Our product is also about 1/6^th the weight and size of our competitors’ products, which reduces the costs of materials, manufacturing, shipping, installation and maintenance. Our product also reduces acoustic noise that allows installation in buildings without acoustic isolation or disturbing occupants.

Our third product, a 30kW hybrid converter launched in July 2014, was developed to improve the efficiency and cost of integrated PV + BESS. In June 2014, our hybrid converter product received the electrical energy storage award at Intersolar Germany, the world’s largest solar exhibition. “Cost-effective integration of energy storage is now one of the greatest challenges faced by the solar industry,” said Dr. Andreas Gutsch, Coordinator Competence E, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). “This year, around 3,500 companies from Intersolar exhibitions around the world and the electrical energy storage exhibition were invited to submit their innovations. Ideal Power’s technology stood out because of its ability to combine PV and battery systems with an efficiency level of up to 97 percent. It also provides modular flexibility for different applications, particularly in off-grid systems.”

Targeted Markets

The Commercial BESS Market

The commercial BESS market is the first target market for our 30kW battery converter. This market is still at an early stage but we believe that, due to increasing demand charges and lower system costs, it will be one of the fastest growing markets for BESS globally. For example, the cost of installing commercial BESS in California may be recovered over a period of three years when combined with high demand charges and the State’s Self Generation Incentive Program. Increasing demand charges and lower system costs should also make commercial BESS solutions financially attractive to commercial building owners in New York, where systems are already being installed, and in many other states. As the market matures, we expect that third party financing will increasingly become available to reduce upfront capital requirements to building owners. These factors should allow this vertical market to grow rapidly. Our battery converter products are currently being used in commercial BESS designed and manufactured by industry leaders including Sharp Electronics, Green Charge Networks, Coda Energy, and Powin Energy.

Most of our battery converter sales prior to 2014 were single unit sales to potential customers as they evaluated our converters for possible integration into their commercial grid energy storage market products. In the six months ended June 30, 2014, our revenues from battery converter product sales shifted to customer purchases for system deployments. Recently, Sharp Electronics announced that it expects to sell 50MW of BESS in the next three years utilizing our 30kW battery converters. In addition, Green Charge Networks, an early leader in the commercial BESS market and a current customer for our 30kW battery converter, received $56 million in funding that will be primarily devoted to financing BESS solutions. With the introduction of larger brands and third party financing into the market, as well as continued increases in demand charges and continued declines in battery costs, we believe the commercial BESS market’s growth will continue to accelerate.

Commercial BESS with PV

Commercial BESS are often co-located with distributed PV systems. IHS forecasts that global installations of grid-tied commercial BESS with PV will grow to nearly 1GW by 2017. This market will be driven initially by installations in North America. We believe that our 30kW battery converter could become one of the leading solutions for the standalone BESS system.

Grid-Tied Commercial BESS Installations with PV

The PV industry is a multi-billion dollar market and we believe that increasingly PV will be installed with energy storage to address new market requirements, such as grid resiliency and stability and off-grid capabilities. Our 30kW hybrid converter was developed to improve the efficiency and cost of integrated PV + BESS as well as to satisfy these market requirements. Conventional approaches require either separate standalone PV inverters/battery converters tied through the AC grid, or integrated PV + BESS converters using a DC link topology. We believe that both of these approaches significantly increase efficiency losses and installed costs, compared to our hybrid PV + BESS converter using our 3-port PPSA topology.

During Superstorm Sandy it was apparent to many individuals that their grid tied PV installations would not operate. Systems incorporating our hybrid converter along with PV and batteries will be capable of providing backup power during grid blackouts. We expect our hybrid converter to be attractive to our existing battery converter customers as a low cost system upgrade to improve integration of PV and backup generators.

PV has the lowest levelized cost of energy for new electrical generation capacity in several regions of the world and we expect this trend to continue as PV costs continue to decline. Today, the majority of PV has been installed in countries with robust power grids such as Germany, U.S., Japan and China. Over the next few decades the greatest demand for new generation capacity may occur in regions with less reliable power grids such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Remote communities and buildings in these regions may depend on diesel generators for their primary fuel supply or may not have any power grid at all.

In contrast to grid-tied BESS and PV applications that we expect to be driven by North American installations, we expect off-grid BESS and PV applications to rapidly be installed across many regions including Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. IHS forecasts the off grid commercial BESS installations with PV market to eclipse 1GW in 2017.

Off Grid Commercial BESS Installations with PV

In July 2014, we sold and shipped our first hybrid converter product unit to an early customer. This customer plans to integrate our hybrid converter with batteries and a diesel generator in order to improve the diesel fuel efficiency of a mobile generator. We believe that integrating a BESS with diesel generators can reduce fuel consumption by 75% for some applications, and even more fuel can be saved by also integrating PV. We estimate that approximately one billion individuals globally depend on diesel fuel for their primary electricity source, and another billion lack access to any power grid according to the International Energy Agency. We believe that our hybrid converter may accelerate adoption of hybrid BESS, PV and diesel systems and significantly reduce the cost of electricity to this large underserved market.

We feel that our solutions are highly attractive for commercial BESS and hybrid PV+BESS applications. We have achieved early customer design wins and installations. Although these are still emerging markets, customer and industry forecasts indicate that will grow dramatically over the next few years, and we expect to benefit from this growth.

Electrified Vehicle Market

Industry analysts such as Navigant Research have projected continued growth in the electrified vehicle market.  We expect that this growth will, in turn, drive demand for electrified vehicle (“EV”) charging infrastructure.  We believe that our products represent solutions to some of the significant issues, such as installation costs, that we expect will arise in the next generation electrified vehicle charging infrastructure.  We are cooperating with NRG Energy on a $1.9 million CPUC approved technology demonstration program to reduce the installation and operational costs of EV DC charging infrastructure.  Both the electrified vehicle market and the electrified vehicle charging infrastructure market are still in the early stage.

Other Vertical Markets

We plan to leverage our growing technology expertise to address other vertical markets for power converters. Some of these may include VFDs for AC induction motors, power converters for residential, commercial, and utility-scale renewable energy systems, on-board power converters for electric vehicles, electric vehicle DC charging, electric vehicle-to-grid (V2G), and distributed wind generation. We plan to continuously monitor these markets for the purpose of creating solutions for customers in our selected vertical market segments.

We are also developing a bi-directional insulated gate bipolar transistor (“BD-IGBT”) power switch component technology that we believe will further improve our advantages in efficiency, weight, and cost across our entire range of products. As discussed below, the development of the BD-IGBT is being funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s $2.5 million Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (“ARPA-E”) grant. If we are able to successfully commercialize the new power switch component technology, we believe that it will extend our product performance advantages in efficiency, power density, reliability, and cost in our initial emerging market applications, as well as accelerate our ability to deliver disruptive solutions in large mature markets.

Plan of Operation

We have completed development of our first two products and launched our third product, the hybrid converter, in July 2014. We are further developing our technology to allow us to launch additional products and enter other large vertical markets. Our goal is to establish PPSA as the leading technology for electronic power converters for several large markets through both product sales and licensing in selected geographies or markets. We have completed development and industry certification of our first two products, a 30kW PV inverter and a 30kW battery converter, both using the same universal power converter hardware design with different embedded software. We recently launched our third product, which is a 30kW 3-port hybrid converter. Our objective is to continue to commercialize our technology through the development of a variety of products, and to eventually license the manufacture of these products to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and, in certain markets, directly to large customers. We sell our battery converters to system integrators such as Sharp Electronics and GreenCharge Networks. The system integrators combine our battery converter, batteries and control algorithms to provide a differentiated BESS offering to their end customers.

We expect to continue to use the net proceeds received from the initial public offering of our common stock for new product research, new product and existing product development, the commercialization of our products, protection of our intellectual property, purchases of property and equipment and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The net cash proceeds from the initial public offering of our common stock totaled approximately $15 million, which we expect to be sufficient to fund our activities through at least December 31, 2015. Our anticipated costs include employee salaries and benefits, compensation paid to consultants, capital costs for research and other equipment, costs associated with development activities including travel and administration, legal expenses, sales and marketing costs, general and administrative expenses, and other costs associated with an early stage, publicly-traded technology company. We anticipate increasing the number of employees by approximately 10 – 20 employees by the end of December 2015; however, this is highly dependent on the nature of our development efforts. We anticipate adding employees in the areas of research and development and product engineering and, to a lesser extent, sales and marketing and general and administrative functions as required to support our efforts. We expect to incur consulting expenses related to technology development and other efforts as well as legal and related expenses to protect our intellectual property. We expect capital expenditures to be approximately $1.0 million for the purchase of property and equipment through December 2015.

The amounts that we actually spend for any specific purpose may vary significantly and will depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the pace of progress of our commercialization and development efforts, actual needs with respect to product testing, development and research, market conditions, and changes in or revisions to our marketing strategies. In addition, we may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary products, technologies or businesses; however, we do not have plans for any acquisitions at this time.

We received an award of $2.5 million from ARPA-E. Through June 30, 2014, we have recognized revenue of approximately $2,222,000, leaving $278,000 of the award value remaining to be recognized under this grant. This award is being used to develop and commercialize our BD-IGBT power switch. While we currently successfully use commodity silicon IGBT and diode components in our products, we are developing BD-IGBT components that we believe could significantly improve the efficiency, weight, and manufacturing costs of our products. Initially research universities and now commercial vendors, are working under our direction and are receiving the majority of the ARPA-E program funding.

Critical Accounting Policies

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management or can be materially affected by changes from period to period in economic factors or conditions that are outside of our control. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, our management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, our observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. See Note 2 to our financial statements for a more complete description of our significant accounting policies.

Revenue Recognition.  Revenue from product sales is recognized when the risks of loss and title pass to the customer, as specified in (1) the respective sales agreements and (2) other revenue recognition criteria as prescribed by Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements”, as amended by SAB No. 104, “Revenue Recognition”. We generally sell our products freight-on-board shipping and recognize revenue when products are shipped. Revenue from service contracts is recognized using the completed-performance or proportional-performance method depending on the terms of the service agreement. When there are acceptance provisions based on customer-specified subjective criteria, the completed-performance method is used. For contracts where the services performed in the last series of acts is very significant, in relation to the entire contract, performance is not deemed to have occurred until the final act is completed. Once customer acceptance has been received, or the last significant act is performed, revenue is recognized. We use the proportional-performance method when a service contract specifies a number of acts to be performed and we have the ability to determine the pattern and value in which service is provided to the customer.

The Company was awarded a grant from ARPA-E on January 30, 2012. The purpose of the grant is to perform research and development on components that may improve the efficiency of the Company’s technology. ARPA-E’s share of the research and development project is $2.5 million out of a total approximate $2.8 million estimated cost of the project. The Company works with ARPA-E’s program manager to agree upon the specifications and work plans for the grant. The Company then directs all the work to be performed by ARPA-E approved subcontractors, which historically have been universities but are now commercial subcontractors. Upon completion of the work, the Company submits to ARPA-E for payment of ninety percent of the costs incurred by the Company. This has historically been done on a quarterly basis, but it may be as frequently as monthly. The Company bears responsibility for the remaining ten percent of the total costs incurred by the Company under the agreed work plans, which amount is included (less any costs that the applicable subcontractor has agreed to share) in our cost of revenues. The Company is also responsible for any costs incurred under the program in excess of the program amount. Any such costs would be recorded in research and development costs rather than cost of revenues. All invoices are supported with copies of expenses and invoices that the Company has received from ARPA-E approved subcontractors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company is the primary obligor of all the costs incurred under the work plans for the grant, except for any costs that the applicable subcontractor has agreed to share. The agreement with ARPA-E establishes “Go/No Go” milestones and deliverables. For each “Go/No Go” milestone and deliverable, the ARPA-E program director must review the Company’s work under the previously agreed work plan, confirm in writing that the Company has achieved the “Go/No Go” milestone and deliverable, and authorize the Company to commence work on the next milestone and deliverable under a corresponding next work plan. If the project were to stop due to an ARPA-E determination that a milestone or deliverable had not been met, then the Company would not submit to ARPA-E for payment any further invoices (except for costs incurred under the previously agreed work plan).

Revenues from government grants are recognized in accordance with the provisions of SAB No. 104 in the period during which the related costs are incurred, provided that the Company has incurred the costs in accordance with the specifications and work plans for the applicable grant. Expenses included in cost of revenues are directly related to research and development activities performed by our subcontractors in order to fulfill the specifications and work plans for the applicable grant. There are no contingencies or ongoing obligations of the Company related to these grant arrangements, other than the obligation of the Company to submit to the applicable government entity invoices for costs incurred by the Company under the agreed work plans for the applicable grant. Under no circumstances is the Company required to repay monies that it receives under any of its government grants, provided that the Company receives no more than the government’s agreed share of the total cost of the project and, with respect to the ARPA-E grant, provided that the Company meets its obligation to cover its share of costs as described above. Costs incurred related to the grants are recorded as grant research and development costs.

The Company believes that recognizing the government grants as revenues is a better reflection of the economics of the arrangements as (i) there are no contingencies or ongoing obligations of the Company associated with its receipt of or right to retain the funds that it receives under its grants, (ii) the Company is the primary obligor of all the costs incurred under the work plans for the grants, and (iii) the Company has full discretion on the use of the monies that it receives under the grants. In addition, the Company earns the grant funding through the performance of research and development activities, which is one of the Company’s primary business activities. The Company also believes that this presentation provides transparency to users of the Company’s financial statements of the business activities associated with these grants, specifically, grant revenues and grant costs.

Royalty income is recognized as earned based on the terms of the contractual agreements, and has no direct costs.

Research and Development.  Grant research and development are costs incurred solely related to grant revenues, and are classified as a line item under cost of revenues. Other research and development costs are presented as a line item under operating expenses and are expensed as incurred.

Patents.  The Company capitalizes legal costs and filing fees associated with obtaining patents on its new inventions. Once the patents have been issued, the Company amortizes these costs over the shorter of the legal life of the patent (generally a maximum of 20 years) or its estimated economic life using the straight-line method.

Income Taxes.  We account for income taxes using an asset and liability approach that allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before we are able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain. Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position.

Stock-Based Compensation.  The Company applies Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, “Stock Compensation,” when recording stock based compensation. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the commonly used Black-Scholes option valuation model. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model are as follows:

Grant Price — The grant price of the issuances are determined based on the estimated fair value of the shares at the date of grant. Since our initial public offering, the grant price is the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Risk-free interest rate — The risk free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. treasury yield in effect at the time of grant

Expected lives — As permitted by SAB No. 107, due to the Company’s insufficient history of option activity, the management utilizes the simplified approach to estimate the options expected term, which represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding

Expected volatility — Volatility is determined based on management’s estimate or historical volatilities of comparable companies

Expected dividend yield — Dividend yield is based on current yield at the grant date or the average dividend yield over the historical period. The Company has never declared or paid dividends and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future

The Company accounts for stock issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 505-50 “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees.” FASB ASC 505-50 states that equity instruments that are issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services should be measured at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date occurs as of the earlier of (a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached or (b) absent a performance commitment, the date at which the performance necessary to earn the equity instruments is complete (that is, the vesting date).

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2014 to the three months ended June 30, 2013

Revenues.   Revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2014 of $560,526 were $89,758, or 14%, lower than the $650,284 we earned in revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2013. The decrease in revenue was due to a $457,785 decrease in grant revenues and a $25,000 decrease in royalty revenue partially offset by a $393,027 increase in the sale of products.

Total grant revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2014 were $116,426, as compared to grant revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2013 of $574,211. Total grant revenues in the three months ended June 30, 2014 related to the ARPA-E grant. Total grant revenues in the three months ended June 30, 2013 related to the ARPA-E grant and a SBIR grant. The decrease in total grant revenues related to the timing of spending under the ARPA-E program and the completion of the SBIR program in 2013. In the three months ended June 30, 2013, royalty revenue was $25,000 from Lockheed Martin Corporation (“LMC”) for its exclusive right to use our initial patents for government applications. LMC notified the Company in February 2014 that it would not pay the annual royalty for 2014 and thus no longer has an exclusive right for government applications. In the three months ended June 30, 2014, revenue from the sale of products was $444,100, relating to commercial orders for our battery converters. In the three months ended June 30, 2013, revenue from products was $51,073, relating primarily to PV inverters.

Cost of Revenues.   Primarily as a result of the decrease in grant research and development costs, which was only partially offset by the increase in cost of revenues from the sale of products, cost of revenues decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2014, to $617,129 from $690,490 for the three months ended June 30, 2013, which is a decrease of $73,361, or approximately 11%.

The decrease in grant research and development costs arose from a decrease in grant revenue under our ARPA-E grant as well as the completion of the SBIR grant program in 2013. During the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we recognized $116,426 and $574,211, respectively, in grant revenue and $129,362 and $583,610, respectively, in grant research and development costs. We have a cost-sharing arrangement with ARPA-E whereby we contribute ten percent of the total costs of the project (less any costs that our subcontractors have agreed to share), which results in our costs exceeding our revenue for that grant.

In the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, cost of revenues from the sale of products was $487,767 and $106,880, respectively.

Gross Loss.   Gross loss for the three months ended June 30, 2014 was $56,603, an increase of $16,397 from the gross loss for the three months ended June 30, 2013 of $40,206. The increase in our gross loss was due to higher compensation cost of $58,923 for engineering personnel as we added resources to support our existing products, higher third party certification testing costs of $48,070 and a $25,000 reduction in royalty revenues from LMC. The higher costs were largely offset by higher margins on our battery converter sales in the three months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to the margins on our PV inverter sales in the three months ended June 30, 2013.

General and Administrative Expenses.   General and administrative expenses increased by $291,309, or 68%, to $718,287 in the three months ended June 30, 2014 from $426,978 in the three months ended June 30, 2013. The increase was due primarily to higher professional fees of $78,086, including higher investor relations and consulting fees, personnel costs of $73,438, stock compensation expense of $58,298, D&O insurance of $46,669 and board fees of $37,500, as our Board elected to forego cash board fees prior to our initial public offering.

Research and Development Expenses.   Research and development expenses increased by $268,333, or 81%, to $598,540 in the three months ended June 30, 2014 from $330,207 in the three months ended June 30, 2013. The increase was due primarily to higher personnel costs of $149,858, contract labor of $100,139 and stock compensation expense of $27,610.

Sales and Marketing Expenses.   Sales and marketing expenses increased by $154,891, or 145%, to $261,528 in the three months ended June 30, 2014 from $106,637 in the three months ended June 30, 2013. The increase was due primarily to higher personnel costs of $92,967, stock compensation expense of $39,487, legal fees of $8,800 and travel costs of $7,112.

Loss from Operations.   Due to the increase in our operating expenses and our gross loss, our loss from operations for the three months ended June 30, 2014 was $1,634,958 or 81% higher than the $904,028 loss from operations for the three months ended June 30, 2013.

Interest (Income) Expense.   Interest (income) expense decreased from interest expense of $1,083,430 for the three months ended June 30, 2013 to interest income of $(7,394) for the three months ended June 30, 2014, a decrease of $1,090,824. For the three months ended June 30, 2014, interest income related to interest earned on our money market account. For the three months ended June 30, 2013, interest expense related primarily to the amortization of debt discount on convertible notes. The convertible notes were converted to common stock upon the closing of our initial public offering on November 27, 2013.

Net Loss.   As a result of the decrease in interest expense, partially offset by a higher loss from operations, our net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2014, was $1,627,564 as compared to a net loss of $1,987,458 for the three months ended June 30, 2013, an improvement of $359,894.

Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2014 to the six months ended June 30, 2013

Revenues.   Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2014 of $851,621 were $178,798, or 17%, lower than the $1,030,419 we earned in revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2013. The decrease in revenue was due to a $497,428 decrease in grant revenues and a $50,000 decrease in royalty revenue partially offset by a $368,630 increase in the sale of products.

Total grant revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2014 were $299,021, as compared to grant revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2013 of $796,449. Total grant revenues in the six months ended June 30, 2014 related to the ARPA-E grant. Total grant revenues in the six months ended June 30, 2013 related to the ARPA-E grant and a SBIR grant. The decrease in total grant revenues related to the timing of spending under the ARPA-E program and the completion of the SBIR program in 2013. In the six months ended June 30, 2013, royalty revenue was $50,000 from LMC for its exclusive right to use our initial patents for government applications. LMC notified the Company in February 2014 that it would not pay the annual royalty for 2014 and thus no longer has an exclusive right for government applications. In the six months ended June 30, 2014, revenue from the sale of products was $552,600, relating to commercial orders for our battery converters. In the six months ended June 30, 2013, revenue from products was $183,970, relating primarily to PV inverters.

Cost of Revenues.   Primarily as a result of the decrease in grant research and development costs, which was only partially offset by the increase in cost of revenues from the sale of products, cost of revenues decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2014, to $1,017,423 from $1,119,778 for the six months ended June 30, 2013, which is a decrease of $102,355, or approximately 9%.

The decrease in grant research and development costs arose from a decrease in grant revenue under our ARPA-E grant as well as the completion of the SBIR grant program in 2013. During the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we recognized $299,021 and $796,449, respectively, in grant revenue and $332,245 and $816,941, respectively, in grant research and development costs. We have a cost-sharing arrangement with ARPA-E whereby we contribute ten percent of the total costs of the project (less any costs that our subcontractors have agreed to share), which results in our costs exceeding our revenue for that grant.

In the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, cost of revenues from the sale of products was $685,178 and $302,837, respectively.

Gross Loss.   Gross loss for the six months ended June 30, 2014 was $165,802, an increase of $76,443 from the gross loss for the six months ended June 30, 2013 of $89,359. The increase in our gross loss was due to higher compensation cost of $101,530 for engineering personnel as we added resources to support our existing products, higher third party certification testing costs of $52,415 and a $50,000 reduction in royalty revenues from LMC. The higher costs were largely offset by higher margins on our battery converter sales in the six months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to the margins on our PV inverter sales in the six months ended June 30, 2013.

General and Administrative Expenses.   General and administrative expenses increased by $684,415, or 88%, to $1,463,255 in the six months ended June 30, 2014 from $778,840 in the six months ended June 30, 2013. The increase was due primarily to higher professional fees of $276,131, including higher investor relations, consulting, legal and patent, and placement fees, personnel costs of $135,727, stock compensation expense of $117,428, D&O insurance of $93,102 and board fees of $75,000, as our Board elected to forego cash board fees prior to our initial public offering.

Research and Development Expenses.   Research and development expenses increased by $340,476, or 60%, to $905,033 in the six months ended June 30, 2014 from $564,557 in the six months ended June 30, 2013. The increase was due primarily to higher personnel costs of $237,674, contract labor of $108,597 and stock compensation expense of $53,457 partially offset by lower spending on other external development costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses.   Sales and marketing expenses increased by $317,401, or 149%, to $529,747 in the six months ended June 30, 2014 from $212,346 in the six months ended June 30, 2013. The increase was due primarily to higher personnel costs of $196,945, stock compensation expense of $78,974, legal fees of $19,370 and travel costs of $13,912.

Loss from Operations.   Due to the increase in our operating expenses and our gross loss, our loss from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2014 was $3,063,837 or 86% higher than the $1,645,102 loss from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Interest (Income) Expense.   Interest (income) expense decreased from interest expense of $2,166,859 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 to interest income of $(15,531) for the six months ended June 30, 2014, a decrease of $2,182,390. For the six months ended June 30, 2014, interest income related to interest earned on our money market account. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, interest expense related primarily to the amortization of debt discount on convertible notes. The convertible notes were converted to common stock upon the closing of our initial public offering on November 27, 2013.

Net Loss.   As a result of the decrease in interest expense, partially offset by a higher loss from operations, our net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2014, was $3,048,306 as compared to a net loss of $3,811,961 for the six months ended June 30, 2013, an improvement of $763,655.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Although our revenues have increased every full calendar year from the date of our inception, we do not generate enough revenue to sustain our operations. Our revenues are derived from the sales of our products and from grants we have received for the development of our technology. We have funded our operations through the sale of our common stock, including proceeds from our initial public offering, and debt securities (later converted to common stock).

As of June 30, 2014, we had cash and cash equivalents of $11,149,320. Our net working capital at June 30, 2014 was $11,039,294.

Operating activities in the six months ended June 30, 2014 resulted in cash outflows of $2,503,987, which were due to the net loss for the period of $3,048,306 partially offset by non-cash items, related primarily to stock-based compensation, of $466,913 and positive working capital changes of $77,406. Operating activities in the six months ended June 30, 2013 resulted in cash outflows of $1,471,492, which were due to the net loss for the period of $3,811,961 partially offset by amortization of debt discount of $2,074,772, other non-cash items of $168,292 and positive working capital changes of $97,405.

Investing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 resulted in cash outflows of $488,780 and $128,271, respectively, for development of patents and acquisition of fixed assets.

Financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2014 resulted in a cash inflow of $4,990. There were no financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions.

Trends, Events and Uncertainties

Research and development of new technologies is, by its nature, unpredictable. Although we will undertake development efforts with commercially reasonable diligence, there can be no assurance that the net proceeds from the initial public offering of our common stock will be sufficient to enable us to develop our technology to the extent needed to create future sales to sustain operations as contemplated herein. If the net proceeds from the initial public offering of our common stock are insufficient for this purpose, we will consider other options to continue our path to commercialization, including, but not limited to, additional financing through follow-on stock offerings, debt financing, co-development agreements, curtailment of operations, suspension of operations, sale or licensing of developed intellectual or other property, or other alternatives.

We cannot assure you that our technology will be adopted, that we will ever earn revenues sufficient to support our operations, or that we will ever be profitable. Furthermore, since we have no committed source of financing, we cannot assure you that we will be able to raise money as and when we need it to continue our operations. If we cannot raise funds as and when we need them, we may be required to severely curtail, or even to cease, our operations.

Other than as discussed above and elsewhere in this report, we are not aware of any trends, events or uncertainties that are likely to have a material effect on our financial condition.

ITEM 3.          QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide this information.

ITEM 4.          CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”) is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer), has concluded that, as of June 30, 2014, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

There have been no other material changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2014 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II-OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.          LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Not applicable.

ITEM 1A.       RISK FACTORS

We incorporate herein by reference the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2014.

ITEM 2.          UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On August 6, 2013 we filed a registration statement, number 333-190414, with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register an offering of 3,000,000 shares of our common stock, with an option granted to the underwriter to sell an additional 450,000 shares of our common stock (the “overallotment”). The registration statement was declared effective on November 21, 2013. The offering closed on November 27, 2013 and the offering of the overallotment closed on December 5, 2013. The common stock was offered to the public at a price of $5 per share. All of the shares of common stock, including the overallotment, were sold. We raised a total of $17,250,000 in gross proceeds in the offering and received $15,015,985 in net cash proceeds after expenses.

Through June 30, 2014, we used approximately $4 million of the net cash proceeds from the offering. These funds were used as follows: $332,000 for protection of our intellectual property, $242,000 for purchase of equipment and software and the remainder for our operations, including research and development and general and working capital purposes. None of the proceeds were used for construction of plant, building and facilities, the purchase of real estate or the acquisition of any business.

On May 29, 2014, the Company issued options for the purchase of 8,000 shares of common stock to employees as part of their compensation.  The options have an exercise price of $7.53 per share, a term of ten years, and vest in four equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant. The Company relied on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 to make the offering inasmuch as the individuals were employees and there was no form of general solicitation or general advertising relating to the offer.

On May 29, 2014, the Company issued 1,438 shares of common stock to a warrant holder in connection with the exercise of a warrant. The per share exercise price was $3.47626 and the Company received $5,000. The Company relied on the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 to issue the common stock inasmuch as the warrant holder was an accredited investor and there was no form of general solicitation or general advertising relating to the offer.

ITEM 3.          DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable

ITEM 4.          MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.          OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 6.           EXHIBITS

*Filed herewith

(1) Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s registration statement on Form S-1, as amended, file number 333-190414, originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2013.

+ In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the information in these exhibits shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to liability under that section, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.