Ideal Power Inc. - Quarter Report: 2015 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015

OR

For the transition period from ______________ to _______________

Commission File Number 001-36216

IDEAL POWER INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

4120 Freidrich Lane, Suite 100

Austin, Texas 78744

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(512) 264-1542

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period than the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer,” and “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  o   No  x

As of November 9, 2015, the issuer had 9,400,043 shares of common stock, par value $.001, issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION

IDEAL POWER INC.

Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

IDEAL POWER INC.

Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

IDEAL POWER INC.

Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

 Ideal Power Inc.

Notes to Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business

Ideal Power Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Texas on May 17, 2007 under the name Ideal Power Converters, Inc. The Company changed its name to Ideal Power Inc. on July 8, 2013 and re-incorporated in Delaware on July 15, 2013. With headquarters in Austin, Texas, it develops power conversion solutions with an initial focus on stand-alone commercial and industrial grid storage, combined solar and storage, and microgrid applications. The principal products of the Company are power conversion systems, including dual-port and multi-port battery converters.

Since its inception, the Company has generated limited revenues from the sale of products and has financed its research and development efforts and operations primarily through the sale of common stock and, prior to its initial public offering, the issuance of convertible debt.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The balance sheet at December 31, 2014 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These changes had no impact on total revenue, loss from operations or net loss.

In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all normal recurring and other adjustments necessary for a fair presentation. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire fiscal year or any other future periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. In limited instances, the Company may require an upfront deposit and, in most cases, the Company does charge interest on past due amounts. Management estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts based on review and analysis of specific customer balances that may not be collectible and how recently payments have been received. Accounts are considered for write-off when they become past due and when it is determined that the probability of collection is remote.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first in, first out method) or market value. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed regularly and a write-down for excess and obsolete inventory is recorded based primarily on a forecast of product demand, market conditions and planned design changes.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Major additions and improvements are capitalized while maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the useful life of the respective asset are expensed. Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the asset or the related leases. Estimated useful lives of the principal classes of assets are as follows:

Patents

Patents are recorded at cost. The Company capitalizes third party legal costs and filing fees associated with obtaining patents on its new discoveries. Once the patents have been issued, the Company amortizes these costs over the shorter of the legal life of the patent or its estimated economic life, generally 20 years, using the straight-line method.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The long-lived assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment no less frequently than annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the cost of any long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation of recoverability is performed.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable. As of the balance sheet dates, the estimated fair values of the financial instruments were not materially different from their carrying values as presented on the balance sheets. This is primarily attributed to the short maturities of these instruments. The Company did not identify any other non-recurring assets and liabilities that are required to be presented in the balance sheets at fair value.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from product sales is recognized when the risks of loss and title pass to the customer, as specified in (1) the respective sales agreements and (2) other revenue recognition criteria as prescribed by Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101 (SAB 101), “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements,” as amended by SAB No. 104, “Revenue Recognition”. The Company generally sells its products FOB shipping and recognizes revenue when products are shipped.

Historically, the Company received payments from government entities in the form of government grants. Government grants are agreements that generally provide the Company with cost reimbursement for certain types of research and development activities over a contractually defined period. Revenues from government grants are recognized in the period during which the Company incurs the related costs, provided that the Company has incurred the cost in accordance with the specifications and work plans determined between the Company and the government entity. Costs incurred related to the grants are recorded as grant research and development costs. At December 31, 2014, the Company had recognized all grant revenues related to the ARPA-E grant and no grant revenue was recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Grant receivables were $132,227 at December 31, 2014 and were included in accounts receivable. At September 30, 2015, all outstanding grant receivables had been collected.

Product Warranties

The Company generally provides a ten year manufacturer’s warranty covering product defects. Accruals for product warranties are estimated based upon limited historical warranty experience, engineering experience and judgment, and an assessment of the reliability of the Company’s products. Accruals for product warranties are recorded in cost of revenues at the time revenue is recognized in order to match revenues with related expenses. The Company assesses the adequacy of its estimated warranty liability quarterly and adjusts the reserve, included in accrued expenses, as necessary.

Research and Development

Grant research and development are costs incurred solely related to grant revenues, and are classified as a line item under cost of revenues. Other research and development costs are presented as a line item under operating expenses and are expensed as incurred. Total research and development costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 amounted to $1,716,782 and $3,809,362. Total research and development costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 amounted to $854,984 and $2,142,127, inclusive of $165,588 and $497,833 related to grant research which was included in cost of revenues.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain. At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company has established a full reserve against all deferred tax assets.

Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company applies Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing earnings (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed similar to basic earnings (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include additional common shares available upon exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock method. In periods with a net loss, no common share equivalents are included because their effect would be anti-dilutive. At September 30, 2015 and 2014, potentially dilutive shares outstanding amounted to 3,061,810 and 2,940,635, respectively.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company applies FASB ASC 718, “Stock Compensation,” when recording stock based compensation. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation model are as follows:

Grant Price - The grant price of the issuances are determined based on the closing share price on the date of grant.

Risk-free interest rate - The risk free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on US Treasury securities at the time of grant with an equivalent term of the expected life of the award.

Expected lives - As permitted by SAB 107, due to the Company's insufficient history of option activity, the Company utilizes the simplified approach to estimate the options’ expected term, calculated as the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual life of the award.

Expected volatility – Volatility is determined based on management's estimate or historical volatilities of comparable companies.

Expected dividend yield – Dividend yield is based on current yield at the grant date or the average dividend yield over the historical period. The Company has never declared or paid dividends and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

The Company accounts for stock issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 505-50 “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees.” FASB ASC 505-50 states that equity instruments that are issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services should be measured at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date occurs as of the earlier of (a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached or (b) absent a performance commitment, the date at which the performance necessary to earn the equity instruments is complete (that is, the vesting date).

Presentation of Sales Taxes

Certain states impose a sales tax on the Company’s sales to nonexempt customers. The Company collects that sales tax from customers and remits the entire amount to the states. The Company’s accounting policy is to exclude the tax collected and remitted to the states from revenues and cost of revenues.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The Company maintains its cash with a major financial institution located in the United States. Balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. The Company maintains balances in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk regarding its cash and cash equivalents.

The Company encounters a certain amount of risk as a result of a concentration of revenue from a few significant customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition. In limited instances, the Company may require an upfront deposit and, in most cases, the Company does charge interest on past due amounts. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and records an allowance for potential bad debts based on available information. 

The Company had revenue from two customers which accounted for 55% and 12% of net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and revenue from four customers which accounted for 29%, 22%, 15% and 13% of net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The Company had receivable balances from two customers that accounted for 83% of trade receivables at September 30, 2015.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (Topic 330), which requires inventory not measured using either the last in, first out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable cost of completion, disposal, and transportation. The new standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and will be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of the updated standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The updated standard will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in US GAAP when it becomes effective and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. Early adoption is not permitted. The updated standard becomes effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of the updated standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if adopted, will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Note 3 – Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, $79,566 of trade receivables from customers were written-off as it was determined that the probability of collection was remote, of which $24,775 had been reserved at December 31, 2014. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company collected $24,124 of trade receivables which had been previously written-off in 2015.

Note 4 – Inventories

Inventories, net consisted of the following:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded a $34,273 write-off of inventory, of which $14,079 had been reserved at December 31, 2014, and a favorable adjustment of $26,624 to eliminate the remaining reserve as it was determined that planned design changes that originally necessitated the establishment of the reserve would be delayed. There was a $4,274 reserve for excess and obsolete inventory at September 30, 2015 related to component parts not anticipated to be used in production.

Note 5 – Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

Note 6 – Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company acquired a defensive intangible asset for $89,312, inclusive of acquisition costs, in order to provide potentially incremental intellectual property protection in commercially important global markets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, capitalized patent costs of $109,788 were written off as the Company chose to discontinue pursuit of the associated patents. The expense associated with the write-offs is included in general and administrative expenses.

Note 7 – Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

Note 8 – Commitments

The Company has entered into a lease for 14,782 square feet of office and laboratory space located in Austin, Texas. The triple net lease has a term of 48 months and commenced on June 1, 2014. The annual base rent in the first year of the lease was $154,324 and increases by $3,548 in each succeeding year of the lease. In addition, the Company is required to pay its proportionate share of operating costs for the building. The Company has a one-time option to terminate the lease on May 31, 2017 with a termination payment of approximately $99,000 if it elects to exercise this option. Upon entering the lease agreement, the Company paid the landlord a security deposit of $35,840 that is to be repaid, provided the Company is not in default on any of its obligations under the lease, one-half after eighteen months and the remainder at the end of the lease term.

At September 30, 2015, the remaining annual base rent commitments under the lease, assuming no early termination, are as follows:

The Company incurred rent expense of $54,552 and $50,176 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company incurred rent expense of $161,929 and $86,949, respectively.

Note 9 – Common Stock

On May 20, 2015, the Company completed an underwritten follow-on offering of 2,225,825 shares, inclusive of the underwriter’s overallotment of 290,325 shares, of its common stock. Gross proceeds were $17.25 million before underwriting discounts and offering expenses. Net cash proceeds were approximately $15.9 million after offering fees and expenses, including the underwriting discount of approximately $1.0 million.

Note 10 — Equity Incentive Plan

On May 17, 2013, the Company adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) and reserved shares of common stock for issuance under the Plan not to exceed a maximum of 839,983 shares. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The persons eligible to participate in the Plan are employees (including officers), members of the Board of Directors, consultants and other independent advisors and contractors who provide services to the Company. Options issued under the Plan may have a term of up to ten years and may have variable vesting. The typical vesting schedule for stock options awarded under the Plan is a four year annual vesting schedule for employees and a one year quarterly vesting schedule for Board members.

On May 26, 2015, the stockholders approved an amendment to the Plan which increased shares available for issuance under the Plan by 1,250,000 shares. At September 30, 2015, there were 855,465 shares of common stock available for issuance under the Plan.

On August 27, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved a restatement of the Plan in order to clarify the types of awards allowable under the plan to include restricted stock units and performance stock units.

Equity-Settled Awards

On August 15, 2015, the Company granted an employee 10,000 shares of restricted stock. The fair value of the restricted stock was $77,700 based on the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant, which will be recognized ratably over the four-year vesting period. Stock compensation expense of $2,428 related to this grant was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Shares outstanding at September 30, 2015 include the 10,000 shares of unvested restricted stock.

On September 10, 2015, the Company granted an employee 96,000 performance share units (PSUs), which are subject to the satisfaction of certain market-based and continued service conditions. The market-based vesting criteria are separated into four tranches and require that the Company achieve certain stock price targets ranging from $9 per share to $15 per share during the four-year period following the grant date. With certain limited exceptions, continued employment with the Company on the fourth anniversary of the grant date is required in order for the PSUs to vest. The grant-date fair value of the PSUs was $405,997, or $4.23 per unit, using a Monte Carlo Simulation with a four-year life, 60% volatility and a risk free interest rate of 1.3%.The fair value of the PSUs is being recognized over the vesting period and $5,639 was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Stock Options

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company granted 38,502 stock options to Board members and 148,400 stock options to employees. The estimated fair value of stock options granted under the Plan in the nine months ended September 30, 2015, calculated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, was $814,504, of which $151,701 was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, 65,203 options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were exercised. The Company issued 56,536 shares of common stock and 8,667 options were cancelled to satisfy the exercise price of options exercised on a cashless basis. Net proceeds received from option exercises were $183,892 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information is as follows:

At September 30, 2015, there was $3,308,041 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years.

Note 11 — Warrants

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, warrant holders exercised 38,574 warrants on a cashless basis and received 24,960 shares of common stock and 13,614 shares were used to cover the exercise price. In addition, a warrant holder exercised 14,383 warrants and paid the exercise price in cash. Net proceeds received from warrant exercises were $49,993 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

The shares underlying the warrants have not been registered. Warrants to purchase 3,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were unvested at September 30, 2015.

Note 12 — Resignation Agreement

On January 9, 2015, the Company entered into a Resignation and Release Agreement (the “Resignation Agreement”) with Paul Bundschuh, the Company’s former Chief Marketing Officer. Under the terms of the Resignation Agreement, Mr. Bundschuh received the full severance benefits to which he would have been entitled under his employment agreement if he had been terminated without cause. In addition, 10,000 stock options previously issued to Mr. Bundschuh and scheduled to vest on December 31, 2015 were immediately vested upon execution of the Resignation Agreement and the Company recorded an expense of $26,067 related to the vesting of the options. The Company also recorded an accrual of $140,000 related to the Resignation Agreement. At September 30, 2015, there was no accrual remaining.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND OTHER INFORMATION

CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” or other similar expressions in this report. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products, applications, customers, technologies, future performance or results of anticipated products, expenses, and financial results. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

The forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions and are made as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this report. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “Ideal Power,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Ideal Power Inc.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our audited 2014 financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, the discussion and analysis here and throughout this Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited, to those set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this report.

OVERVIEW

Ideal Power is located in Austin, Texas. We design, market and sell electrical power conversion products using our proprietary technology called Power Packet Switching Architecture, or PPSA. Our PPSA technology enables high efficiency power conversion by eliminating many of the heavy, passive components used in conventional power conversion products and replacing them with a unique software-enabled topology. Our products are designed to be used in both on-grid and off-grid applications. We believe our products are the only transformer-less power converters with electrical isolation approved for use in on-grid applications. Our technology is protected by a patent portfolio of 30 US and four foreign issued patents. We own all of the rights to our PPSA technology.

We sell our products primarily to systems integrators for installation as part of a larger turn-key system providing the end user with a complete solution for managing their energy consumption. These customers sell systems that enable end users to manage their electricity consumption by reducing demand charges and integrating renewable energy sources. We also sell systems to commercial end users that enable them to reduce fossil fuel consumption and/or form their own microgrid. Our products are made by contract manufacturers to our specifications, enabling us to scale production to meet demand on a cost-effective basis without requiring significant expenditures on manufacturing facilities and equipment. Our existing products that connect to the power grid are certified for UL 1741 conformance, and we are in the process of getting new products certified as well.

We were founded on May 17, 2007. To date, operations have been funded primarily through the sale of common stock and, prior to its initial public offering, the issuance of convertible debt. Total revenue generated from inception to date as of September 30, 2015 amounted to $9,369,714 with approximately a third of that revenue coming from government grants. We may continue to pursue research and development grants, if and when available, for the purpose of developing new products and improving current products.

Our PPSA Technology

Our PPSA-based products provide similar electrical isolation as traditional, transformer-based power conversion systems. We believe our products are the only commercial transformer-less power conversion systems that provide the electrical isolation required to connect alternative energy sources and battery storage systems to the grid. Because our products use software-enabled technologies to replace the traditional transformer and other bulky, passive components used in traditional power conversion systems, our power conversion systems (“PCS”) are lighter, smaller and more efficient.

Our PPSA technology uses indirect power flow in which power flows through input switches and is temporarily stored in our proprietary AC link inductor. Our proprietary fast switching algorithms enable the transfer of packets of power between ports in our system. As the AC link becomes charged, it disconnects from its input switches, resonates without being connected to either the input or output switches, and then reconnects to its output switches when it reaches the correct voltage and frequency for the application, providing electrical isolation without the need for a transformer.

Existing Products

We have six products based on our PPSA technology. Each of these products is briefly described below:

The figure below illustrates our product family:

Strategy

Our strategy is to promote and expand the use of our PPSA technology through product development and product sales, including the licensing of our product designs to systems integrators and other original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs. We intend to target OEMs in the power conversion industry that serve markets and geographies that would be difficult or costly for us to pursue directly and which make complementary products that do not compete with us in our core markets or core product offerings.

Future Innovations

BD-IGBT

Our existing products incorporate multiple IGBTs, which are power switches used in the process to convert power from one current form to another. IGBTs switch power in only one direction (DC to AC or AC to DC) and require the use of a diode to prevent power from flowing back into the system. To enable our existing products to perform bi-directional power conversion, for each IGBT and diode used in our products, we must include a second IGBT and diode. These components result in a slight voltage drop that affects the electrical efficiency of our products and generate excess heat that must be dissipated. We are developing a bi-directional IGBT, or BD-IGBT, that we believe will allow us to substitute one BD-IGBT for two pairs of IGBTs and diodes used in our current products. Based on our software simulations, we believe that the BD-IGBTs can improve electrical efficiency in our power converters from approximately 96.5% to greater than 98%, which would reduce the heat generated by the operation of our products. As a result, products incorporating BD-IGBTs will require less space for heat dissipation which would allow us to reduce our material costs. We believe that these development efforts, if successful, will enhance the competitive position of our products.

B-TRAN

During the course of our BD-IGBT development, we have come up with an alternative bi-directional switch concept to the BD-IGBT which we are calling the B-TRAN. This new bi-directional switch concept has the potential to meet or exceed the projected performance of the B-IGBT as validated by third party simulations. While our primary technology path for bi-directional switching remains the BD-IGBT, the B-TRAN device provides us an option with potentially higher performance. During the second quarter of 2015, the U.S. Patent Office awarded us five new patents covering the operation, control and manufacturing of the B-TRAN device. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, we engaged an additional semiconductor fabricator to produce a proof of concept of the B-TRAN device which will result in a significant increase in our research and development spending for the balance of 2015 and first half of 2016.

We expect that our intellectual property rights will continue to be a significant asset to us and our strategy is to actively pursue patent protection for our innovative technologies in the US and other commercially important global markets. We have 30 US and four foreign issued patents. We have filed numerous additional pending US and foreign patent applications.

Target Markets

We have focused our sales and marketing efforts on markets where we believe our technology has the most value. We focus on sales to commercial and industrial customers in which there is a need for power conversion systems to:

We believe our products provide compelling advantages to commercial or industrial customers who have these needs due to the reduced weight, compact size, quiet operation, high efficiency and reliability, and advanced programmability of our products compared to traditional power conversion systems.

According to Yole Development, or Yole, a global research firm specializing in the scientific and power electronics markets, the global power conversion market was approximately $50 billion in 2014 and is forecast to grow to over $70 billion by 2020.

Battery and Microgrid Power Conversion Market

Battery Energy Storage Systems, or BESS, are stacks of batteries coupled with a power conversion system and a control system to enable electric power to be captured and stored for future use. These grid-tied systems can be large, megawatt-scale systems operated by utilities to better manage their system resources, or small, kilowatt-scale systems in homes and businesses designed to enable consumers to manage their power use and mitigate utility imposed demand charges. In certain US markets, such as California, New York, and Massachusetts, there are economic incentives available to commercial and industrial consumers in the form of reduced demand charges for installing a BESS and reducing peak consumption. There is also emerging regulatory policy that is driving the adoption of energy storage. For example, California has issued a mandate for over 1,000 megawatts of new energy storage to be installed by 2020, and currently offers attractive rebates to end users who install a BESS through its Self-Generation Incentive Program.

Typically, PV systems are connected to the utility power grid so customers can continue to receive power from the utility to augment their PV systems and, in some cases, to sell power back to the utility. As a as result, when the utility power grid becomes unavailable or experiences a blackout, the PV system is prevented by design from generating power to avoid damaging grid equipment or creating a safety hazard. Our grid-resilient multi-port power conversion systems are designed to address this problem by enabling a solar PV system with a BESS to operate and be managed as a local microgrid even when the utility grid is down. In addition, our grid-resilient multi-port power conversion systems work with other energy sources, such as a diesel generator coupled with a BESS.

We sell a number of our products to BESS integrators, such as Gexpro Energy Solutions, Sharp Electronics, CODA Energy, Green Charge Networks and Sonnenbatterie.

Commercial and industrial BESS are used for more than peak demand reduction. IHS, a global research firm, forecasts that global installations of grid-tied commercial BESS coupled with PV, a subset of the battery and microgrid market, will grow 111% annually to over 600 MW of BESS by 2018. 

Other Microgrid Applications

We believe, based on our analysis of market characteristics including existing grid infrastructure, high diesel fuel costs, good solar irradiance, and projected population growth, regions such as Southeast Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Central and South America will have increasing demand for new power generation capacity. Remote communities with limited infrastructure in these regions depend more on expensive diesel fuel to generate electricity and may not have a utility power grid for access to high quality, reliable power. As a result, we believe that these less developed countries represent a significant opportunity for our grid-resilient products. IHS has predicted that the market for off-grid and microgrid BESS installations with PV will reach 400MW by 2018 with the majority of this growth coming from regions with less developed electricity infrastructure. We sell power conversion systems to customers such as Enerdel and Boeing for microgrids and distributed generation.

Other Markets

In addition to the markets discussed above, we believe there are other potential opportunities within other power conversion markets such as wind, photovoltaic, variable frequency drives, uninterruptible power supplies, electric vehicle charging and rail. For example, we have provided power conversion systems for a California Public Utility Commission-approved technology demonstration program to reduce the installation and operational costs of DC charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Additionally, we have provided battery converters for the commercial wind turbine market.

Critical Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 to the critical accounting policies disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2015 to the three months ended September 30, 2014

Revenues.   Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2015 of $895,490 were $457,461, or 104%, higher than the $438,029 we earned in revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due to a $606,490 increase in product revenues from sales of our 30kW Battery Converter and our Grid-Resilient 30kW PCS and 125kW products.

There were no grant revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to grant revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2014 of $149,029. At December 31, 2014, we had recognized all grant revenues related to the ARPA-E grant.

Cost of Revenues.   Cost of revenues increased for the three months ended September 30, 2015 to $842,425 compared to $533,535 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 due to the increase in product cost of revenue partially offset by the decrease in grant research and development costs. The increase was primarily due to higher unit sales volumes compared to the three months ended September 30, 2014, as well as costs associated with the production of new products in low volume and higher personnel costs. The decrease in grant research and development costs is due to the ARPA-E grant being fully funded at December 31, 2014.

Gross Profit (Loss).   Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $53,065 compared to a gross loss for the three months ended September 30, 2014 of $95,506. Our gross profit improvement was due to the impact of $606,490 of higher product sales compared to the three months September 30, 2014 and was partly offset by costs associated with the production of new products in low volume and increased personnel costs.

Research and Development Expenses.   Research and development expenses increased by $1,027,386, or 149%, to $1,716,782 in the three months ended September 30, 2015 from $689,396 in the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due to incremental costs associated with bi-directional power switch development of $638,674, higher development costs for our new 125kW 2 Port PCS of $147,821, higher personnel costs of $137,790, higher product certification costs of $98,380, and higher stock-based compensation of $41,063, partly offset by lower contract labor of $116,353. The costs related to bi-directional power switch development increased as we are self-funding these efforts after fully utilizing the ARPA-E grant program funding in December 2014.

General and Administrative Expenses.   General and administrative expenses increased by $125,391, or 16%, to $888,132 in the three months ended September 30, 2015 from $762,741 in the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due primarily to higher stock-based compensation of $84,884 and higher legal and patent fees of $15,274 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2014.

Sales and Marketing Expenses.   Sales and marketing expenses increased by $67,560, or 22%, to $378,378 in the three months ended September 30, 2015 from $310,818 in the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due primarily to higher contract labor costs of $35,172, placement costs of $29,294 and higher trade show costs of $26,066, offset partially by a collection of previously written-off bad debt of $24,124.

Loss from Operations.   Due to the increase in our operating expense, which was partially offset by our gross profit, our loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $2,930,227 or 58% higher than the $1,858,461 loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2014.

Interest Income.    Interest income increased to $12,028 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 compared to $6,617 for the three months ended September 30, 2014.

Net Loss.   As a result of a higher loss from operations, our net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2015, was $2,918,199 as compared to a net loss of $1,851,844 for the three months ended September 30, 2014.

Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2015 to the nine months ended September 30, 2014

Revenues.    Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 of $3,292,518 were $2,002,868, or 155%, higher than the $1,289,650 we earned in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in revenue was driven by a $2,450,918 increase in product revenues, primarily associated with sales of our 30kW Battery Converter.

There were no grant revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to grant revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 of $448,050. At December 31, 2014, we had recognized all grant revenues related to the ARPA-E grant.

Cost of Revenues.    Cost of revenues increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, to $2,918,064 compared to $1,003,260 for nine months ended September 30, 2014 due to $1,914,804 increase in product cost of revenue partially offset by a $497,833 decrease in grant research and development costs. The increase was primarily due to higher unit sales volumes compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014, as well as higher personnel costs of $152,038 and higher contract manufacturing costs of $83,343. The decrease in grant research and development costs is due to the ARPA-E grant being fully funded at December 31, 2014.

Gross Profit (Loss).    Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $374,454 compared to a gross loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 of $211,443. Our gross profit was due to the impact of $2,450,918 of higher product sales compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Gross profit was negatively impacted by increased supply chain and engineering personnel costs, as we added resources to support our existing products, and incremental costs associated with the initial roll-out of new products at low volume.

Research and Development Expenses.    Research and development expenses increased by $2,165,068, or 132%, to $3,809,362 in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 from $1,644,294 in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due to incremental costs associated with bi-directional power switch development of $1,014,456, higher development costs for new products, including our grid-resilient 30kW 2 port and multi-port PCS and 125kW 2 port and multi-port PCS, of $342,470, higher personnel costs of $513,495, higher product certification costs of $182,707, and higher stock-based compensation of $114,996, partly offset by lower contract labor of $205,824. The costs related to bi-directional power switch development increased as we are self-funding these efforts after fully utilizing the ARPA-E grant program funding in December 2014.

General and Administrative Expenses.    General and administrative expenses increased by $541,277, or 24%, to $2,767,273 in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 from $2,225,996 in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due primarily to higher stock-based compensation of $282,188, higher legal and patent fees of $151,161, and higher personnel costs of $119,617 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. In addition, we wrote off $45,641 of capitalized software costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

  Sales and Marketing Expenses.    Sales and marketing expenses increased by $381,993, or 45%, to $1,222,558 in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 from $840,565 in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due primarily to severance costs of $139,530, higher contract labor costs of $102,571, higher trade show costs of $31,446, bad debt expense of $30,692 (net of recovery of $24,124) and higher personnel costs of $26,763 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Loss from Operations.    Due to the increase in our operating expense which is partially offset by our gross profit, our loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $7,424,739 or 51% higher than the $4,922,298 loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Interest Income.    Interest income decreased to $21,152 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to $22,148 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Net Loss.    As a result of a higher loss from operations, our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, was $7,403,587 as compared to a net loss of $4,900,150 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Although our revenues have increased every full calendar year from the date of our inception, we do not generate enough revenue to sustain our operations. Currently, our revenues are derived from the sales of our products. We have primarily funded our operations through the sale of common stock and, prior to our initial public offering, the issuance of convertible debt.

At September 30, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $17,326,588. Our net working capital and long-term debt at September 30, 2015 were $16,747,708 and $0, respectively.

Operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 resulted in cash outflows of $5,704,527, which were due primarily to the net loss for the period of $7,403,587, partly offset by non-cash items of $1,442,133, related primarily to stock-based compensation of $1,012,825, write-off of capitalized software and patent costs of $155,429 and depreciation and amortization of $144,834, and positive working capital changes of $256,927. Operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 resulted in cash outflows of $3,819,732, which were due to the net loss for the period of $4,900,150 partially offset by non-cash items of $792,186, related primarily to stock-based compensation of $597,055, and positive working capital changes of $288,232. 

Investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 resulted in cash outflows of $1,039,186 and $592,084, respectively, for development of patents and acquisition of fixed assets.

Financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 resulted in cash inflows of $16,158,290, related primarily to the issuance of 2,225,825 shares of common stock shares at a public offering price of $7.75. Net cash proceeds after offering-related expenses were $15,924,405. In addition, we received $233,885 in net proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants. Financing activities in nine months ended September 30, 2014 resulted in cash inflow of $4,987.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions.

Trends, Events and Uncertainties

Research and development of new technologies is, by its nature, unpredictable. Although we will undertake development efforts with commercially reasonable diligence, there can be no assurance that the net proceeds from the recent public offerings of our common stock will be sufficient to enable us to develop our technology to the extent needed to create future sales to sustain operations as contemplated herein. If the net proceeds from the recent public offerings of our common stock are insufficient for this purpose, we will consider other options to continue our path to commercialization, including, but not limited to, additional financing through follow-on stock offerings, debt financing, co-development agreements, curtailment of operations, suspension of operations, sale or licensing of developed intellectual or other property, or other alternatives.

We cannot assure you that our technology will be adopted, that we will ever earn revenues sufficient to support our operations, or that we will ever be profitable. Furthermore, since we have no committed source of financing, we cannot assure you that we will be able to raise money as and when we need it to continue our operations. If we cannot raise funds as and when we need them, we may be required to severely curtail, or even to cease, our operations.

As a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide this information.

Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer), has concluded that, as of September 30, 2015, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

There have been no other material changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II-OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

Risks Related to the Company

We lack an established operating history on which to evaluate our business and determine if we will be able to execute our business plan, and we can give no assurance that our operations will result in profits.

We were formed in Texas on May 17, 2007 and converted to a Delaware corporation on July 15, 2013. We have a limited operating history that makes it difficult to evaluate our business. Historical sales of our products have been in low volume, and we cannot say with certainty when we will begin to achieve profitability. No assurance can be made that we will ever become profitable.

We have incurred losses in prior periods and expect to incur losses in the future. We may never be profitable.

Since our inception on May 17, 2007 through September 30, 2015, we have sustained $31,056,018 in net losses and we had a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $6,900,219 and a net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 of $7,403,587. We expect to have operating losses at least until such time as we have developed a substantial and stable revenue base. We cannot assure you that we can develop a substantial and stable revenue base or achieve or sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future.

As sales of our products have generated limited operating revenues, we have relied on borrowings under convertible promissory notes and, recently, proceeds from our initial public offering and our follow-on offering completed in May 2015 to continue our operations. If we are unable to implement our business plan, generate sustainable revenue and achieve profitable operations with our existing capital we would need to raise funds through equity or debt offerings and there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so.

To date we have had a limited number of customers. We cannot assure you that our customer base will increase.

We have had revenue from two customers which accounted for 55% and 12% of net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and revenue from four customers which accounted for 29%, 22%, 15% and 13% of net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. We had receivable balances from two customers that accounted for 83% of trade receivables at September 30, 2015. As we have sold our products to a limited number of customers, we cannot assure you that our customer base will expand or that any decline in net revenue attributable to customer losses will be able to be replaced in a timely manner.

We may not be able to meet our product development and commercialization milestones.

Product development and testing are subject to unanticipated and significant delays, expenses and technical or other problems. We cannot guarantee that we will successfully achieve our milestones within our planned timeframe or ever. Our plans and ability to achieve profitability depend on acceptance of our technology and our products by key market participants, such as customers, vendors and marketing partners, and potential end-users of our products. We continue to educate potential partners about our PPSA technology and current and planned product offerings. More generally, the commercialization of our products may also be adversely affected by many factors not within our control, including:

Accordingly, we cannot predict that our products will be accepted on a scale sufficient to support development of mass markets for them.

We must achieve design wins to retain our existing customers and to obtain new customers, although design wins achieved do not necessarily result in substantial sales.

The constantly changing nature of technology in the markets we serve causes equipment manufacturers to continually design new systems. We must work with these manufacturers early in their design cycles to modify our equipment or design new equipment to meet the requirements of their new systems. Manufacturers typically choose one or two vendors to provide the components for use with early system shipments. Selection as one of these vendors is called a design win. It is critical that we achieve these design wins in order to retain existing customers and to obtain new customers.

We believe that equipment manufacturers often select their suppliers based on factors including long-term relationships and end user demand. Accordingly, we may have difficulty achieving design wins from equipment manufacturers who are not currently our customers. In addition, we must compete for design wins for new systems and products of our existing customers, including those with whom we have had long-term relationships. Our efforts to achieve design wins are time consuming, expensive, and may not be successful. If we are not successful in achieving design wins, or if we do achieve design wins but our customers’ systems that utilize our products are not successful, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.

Once a manufacturer chooses a component for use in a particular product, it is likely to retain that component for the life of that product. Our sales and growth could experience material and prolonged adverse effects if we fail to achieve design wins. However, design wins do not always result in substantial sales, as sales of our products are dependent upon our customers’ sales of their products.

The prototype of any planned products may not provide the results we expect, may prove to be too expensive to produce and market, or may uncover problems of which we are currently not aware, any of which could harm our business and prospects.

We commonly develop prototypes of planned products prior to the full commercialization of these products. We cannot predict whether prototypes of future products will achieve results consistent with our expectations. A prototype could cost significantly more than expected or the prototype design and construction process could uncover problems that are not consistent with our expectations. Prototypes of emerging products are a material part of our business plan, and if they are not proven to be successful, our business and prospects could be harmed.

We have received grant funds from the United States for the development of a bi-directional insulated-gate bipolar transistor, or BD-IGBT. In certain instances, the United States may obtain title to inventions related to this effort. If we were to lose title to those inventions, we may have to pay to license them from the United States in order to manufacture the BD-IGBT. If we were unable to license those inventions from the United States, it could slow down our product development.

In conjunction with the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, or ARPA-E, grant we received from the Department of Energy, we granted to the United States a non-exclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice or have practiced for or on behalf of the United States inventions related to the BD-IGBT and made within the scope of the grant. If we fail to disclose to the Department of Energy an invention made with grant funds that we disclose to patent counsel or for publication, or if we elect not to retain title to the invention, the United States may request that title to the subject invention be transferred to it.

We also granted “march-in-rights” to the United States in connection with any BD-IGBT inventions in which we choose not to retain title, if those inventions are made under the ARPA-E grant. Pursuant to the march-in-rights, the United States has the right to require us, any person to whom we have assigned our rights, or any exclusive licensee to grant a non-exclusive, partially exclusive, or exclusive license in any field of use to a responsible applicant upon terms that are reasonable. If the license is not granted as requested, the United States has the right to grant the license if it determines that we have not achieved practical application of the invention in the field of use, the action is necessary to alleviate health or safety needs, the action is necessary to meet requirements for public use specified by Federal regulations and such requirements have not been satisfied, or the action is necessary because an agreement to manufacture the invention in the United States has not been obtained or waived or because any such agreement has been breached.

If we lost title to the United States as a result of any of these events, we would have to pay to license the inventions, if needed, to manufacture the BD-IGBT from the United States. If we were unable to license those inventions from the United States, it could slow down our product development.

As we continue to grow and to develop our intellectual property, we could attract threats from patent monetization firms or competitors alleging infringement. We may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights.

As we continue to grow and to develop our intellectual property, we could attract threats from patent monetization firms or competitors alleging infringement of intellectual property rights. For example, on October 4, 2013 we received a letter from a competitor alleging that the system architecture that appears on our website “appears” to infringe on patents licensed to or held by the competitor. We investigated this claim and determined that the allegation is without merit. No resolution regarding this assertion has been reached. In early 2014, we met with the competitor to discuss the issue. No subsequent discussions have been held with, and no further correspondence has been received from this competitor. If we cannot resolve this matter, the cost to us of any litigation or other proceeding relating to intellectual property rights, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial, and the litigation would divert management’s attention from our day-to-day operations.

In addition, some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. If we do not prevail in this type of litigation, we may be required to: pay monetary damages; stop commercial activities relating to our product; obtain one or more licenses in order to secure the rights to continue manufacturing or marketing certain products; or attempt to compete in the market with substantially similar products. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could limit our ability to continue some of our operations.

We expect to license our technology in the future; however the terms of these agreements may not prove to be advantageous to us. If the license agreements we enter into do not prove to be advantageous to us, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

We expect to license the manufacture of our product designs for certain markets as well as license our technology for certain potential applications which we choose not to pursue directly through the sale of products. However, we may not be able to secure license agreements with customers on terms that are advantageous to us. Furthermore, the timing and volume of revenue earned from license agreements will be outside of our control. If the license agreements we enter into do not prove to be advantageous to us, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Until recently, we have not devoted significant resources towards the marketing and sale of our products and we continue to rely on the marketing and sales efforts of third parties whom we do not control.

To date, we have sold low volumes of our battery converter and power conversion system products. We expect that the marketing and sale of these products to end user customers will continue to be conducted primarily by a combination of system integrators, third-party strategic partners, distributors, or original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs. Consequently, commercial success of our products will depend to a great extent on the efforts of others. We intend to enter into strategic marketing and distribution agreements or other collaborative relationships to market and sell our products. However, we have entered into only a limited number of strategic marketing or material distribution agreements at this time. In 2015, we entered into one distribution agreement with a large electrical equipment distributor and another distribution agreement with a large solar equipment distributor. We may not be able to identify or establish additional and/or appropriate relationships in the near term or in the future. We can give no assurance that these distributors or OEMs will focus adequate resources on selling our products or will be successful in selling them. In addition, third-party distributors or OEMs have or may require us to provide volume price discounts and other allowances, customize our products or provide other concessions that could reduce the potential profitability of these relationships. Failure to develop sufficient distribution and marketing relationships in our target markets will adversely affect our commercialization schedule and to the extent we have entered or enter into such relationships, the failure of our distributors and other third parties to assist us with the marketing and distribution of our products, or to meet their monetary obligations to us, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

A material part of our success depends on our ability to manage our suppliers and manufacturers. Our failure to manage our suppliers and manufacturers could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and relations with our customers.

We rely upon suppliers to provide the components necessary to build our products and on contract manufacturers to procure components and produce our products. There can be no assurance that key suppliers and manufacturers will provide components or products in a timely and cost efficient manner or otherwise meet our needs and expectations. Our ability to manage such relationships and timely replace suppliers and manufacturers, if necessary, is critical to our success. Our failure to timely replace our contract manufacturers and suppliers, should that become necessary, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and relations with our customers.

Our business may be dependent upon our ability to obtain financing. If we do not obtain such financing, we may have to cease our activities.

There is no assurance that we will operate profitably or generate positive cash flows in the future. In the future, we may require additional financing in order to sell our then current products and to continue the research and development required to produce our next generation of products. At that time, we may not be able to obtain financing on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we do not obtain such financing when needed, our business could fail.

The macro-economic environment in the United States and abroad has adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, our ability to raise capital, which may potentially impact our ability to continue our operations.

As a company with limited revenues to date, we may need to rely on raising funds from investors to support our future research and development activities and our operations. Macro-economic conditions in the United States and abroad may result in a tightening of the credit markets and/or less capital available for small public companies, which may make it more difficult to raise capital. If we are unable to raise funds as and when we need them, we may be forced to curtail our operations or even cease operating altogether.

We are subject to credit risks.

Some of our customers may experience financial difficulties and/or may fail to meet their financial obligations to us. As a result, we may incur charges for bad debt provisions related to some trade receivables. In addition, in connection with the growth of the renewable energy market and other markets for our products, we are gaining new customers, some of which have relatively short histories of operations or are newly formed companies. As a result, it is difficult to ascertain financial information in order to appropriately extend credit to these customers. Further, the volatility in the renewable energy market may put additional pressure on our customers’ financial positions, as they may be required to respond to large swings in revenue. The renewable energy industry has also, from time to time, seen an increasing amount of bankruptcies and reorganizations as the availability of financing has diminished.

If customers fail to meet their financial obligations to us, or if the assumptions underlying our recorded bad debt provisions with respect to receivables obligations do not accurately reflect our customers’ financial condition and payment levels, we could incur write-offs of receivables in excess of our provisions, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and operating results.

We may not be able to control our warranty exposure, which could increase our expenses.

We currently offer and expect to continue to offer a warranty with respect to our products and we expect to offer a warranty with each of our future product applications. Due to our limited long-term history of operating data, our reserve is estimated based on engineering judgment and a third party assessment of our product reliability. If the cost of warranty claims exceeds any reserves we may establish for such claims, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We may be exposed to lawsuits and other claims if our products malfunction, which could increase our expenses, harm our reputation and prevent us from growing our business.

Any liability for damages resulting from malfunctions of our products could be substantial, increase our expenses and prevent us from growing or continuing our business. Potential customers may rely on our products for critical needs, such as backup power. A malfunction of our products could result in warranty claims or other product liability. In addition, a well-publicized actual or perceived problem could adversely affect the market’s perception of our products. This could result in a decline in demand for our products, which would reduce revenue and harm our business. Further, since our products are used in systems that are made by other manufacturers, we may be subject to product liability claims even if our products do not malfunction.

We are highly dependent on the services of R. Daniel Brdar and William Alexander, as well as other key members of our executive management team. Our inability to retain these individuals could impede our business plan and growth strategies, which could have a negative impact on our business and the value of your investment.

Our ability to implement our business plan depends, to a critical extent, on the continued efforts and services of R. Daniel Brdar, our Chief Executive Officer and President, William Alexander, our founder and Chief Technology Officer, and other members of our executive management team. If we lose the services of any of these persons during this important time in our development, the loss may result in a delay in the implementation of our business plan and plan of operations. We can give no assurance that we could find satisfactory replacements for these individuals on terms that would not be unduly expensive or burdensome to us. We do not currently carry a key-man life insurance policy that would assist us in recouping our costs in the event of the death or disability of any of these persons.

Any failure by management to properly manage our expected rapid growth could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

If our business develops as expected, we anticipate that we will grow rapidly in the near future. Our failure to properly manage our expected rapid growth could have a material adverse effect on our ability to retain key personnel. Our expansion could also place significant demands on our management, operations, systems, accounting, internal controls and financial resources. If we experience difficulties in any of these areas, we may not be able to expand our business successfully or effectively manage our growth. Any failure by management to manage growth and to respond to changes in our business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Backlog may not result in revenue.

Our backlog of released and firm orders was approximately $2.2 million at September 30, 2015. We define backlog as consisting of accepted orders from customers for which an expected product delivery schedule has been specified. The purchase orders comprising backlog are not cancellable in most cases and such orders generally do not provide price protection. Nevertheless, deliveries against received purchase orders may be rescheduled within negotiated parameters or cancelled with our consent, and our backlog may therefore not be indicative of revenues in any given period.

Risks Relating to the Industry

The electric power conversion industry is competitive and has a number of well-financed incumbents. We cannot guarantee that we can compete successfully.

We may compete against providers of power conversion systems that are well established and have substantially greater assets, including manufacturing, marketing, and financial assets. These incumbents also have strong market share and name brand recognition in the industry. Potential competitors include ABB, Ltd., Eaton Corporation plc, SMA Solar Technology AG, and Schneider Electric SE. Pricing and servicing, as well as the general quality, efficiency and reliability of products, are significant competitive criteria in this industry. Our ability to successfully compete on each of these criteria is material to the acceptance of its products and its future profitability. In addition, the industry may resist new technology and products from suppliers that are not well capitalized with long track records of performance. Our competitors use their balance sheet and brand recognition to their competitive advantage. Should our products become commercially successful, competitors may seek to drive their own innovation and adopt or copy ideas, designs and features to regain their competitive positions. Competitors may develop or offer technologies and products that may be more effective or popular than our products and these competitors may be more successful in marketing their products than we are in marketing our products. Additionally, price competition may result in lower than expected margins for our products.

We expect to compete on the basis of our products’ lower cost, smaller footprint, higher efficiency, and technological innovation, flexibility and features. Unrelated technological advances in alternative energy products or other power conversion technologies may negatively impact the development of our products or make our products uncompetitive or obsolete at any time. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to compete successfully in the electric power conversion industry.

The reduction or elimination of government subsidies and economic incentives for energy-related technologies could harm our business.

We believe that near-term growth of energy-related technologies, including power conversion technology, relies partly on the availability and size of government and economic incentives and grants (including, but not limited to, the U.S. Investment Tax Credit and various state and local incentive programs). These incentive programs could be challenged by utility companies, or for other reasons found to be unconstitutional, and/or could be reduced or discontinued for other reasons. The reduction, elimination, or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives could delay the development of our technology and harm our business.

Changes to the National Electrical Codes could adversely affect our technology and products.

Our products are installed by system integrators that must meet the National Electrical Codes, or NEC, standards, including using equipment that meets industry standards such as UL1741. The NEC standards address the safety of these systems. The NEC standards, along with the UL1741 and IEEE1547 requirements, continue to evolve and are subject to change. If we respond to these changing standards and requirements more slowly than our competitors, or if we are unable to meet new standards and requirements, our products will be less competitive.

New technologies in the alternative energy industry may supplant our current products and technology in this market, which would harm our business and operations.

The alternative energy industry is subject to rapid technological change. Our future success will depend on the cutting edge relevance of our technology, and thereafter on our ability to appropriately respond to changing technologies and changes in function of products and quality. If new technologies supplant our power conversion technology, our business would be adversely affected and we will have to revise our plan of operation.

Businesses, consumers, and utilities might not adopt alternative energy solutions as a means for providing or obtaining their electricity and power needs.

On-site distributed power generation solutions that utilize our products provide an alternative means for obtaining electricity and are relatively new methods of obtaining electrical power. There is a risk that businesses, consumers, and utilities may not adopt these new methods at levels sufficient to grow our business. Traditional electricity distribution is based on the regulated industry model whereby businesses and consumers obtain their electricity from a government regulated utility. For alternative methods of distributed power to succeed, businesses, consumers and utilities must adopt new purchasing practices and must be willing to rely upon less traditional means of providing and purchasing electricity. As larger solar projects come online, utilities are becoming increasingly concerned with grid stability, power management and the predictable loading of such power onto the grid.

We cannot be certain that businesses, consumers, and utilities will choose to utilize on-site distributed power at levels sufficient to sustain our business. The development of a mass market for our products may be impacted by many factors which are out of our control, including:

If a mass market fails to develop or develops more slowly than we anticipate, we may be unable to recover the costs we will have incurred to develop these products.

The industries in which we compete are subject to volatile and unpredictable cycles.

As a supplier to the grid energy storage, solar combined with storage, microgrid, and related industries, we may be subject to business cycles. The timing, length, and volatility of these business cycles may be difficult to predict. These industries may be cyclical due to sudden changes in customers’ manufacturing capacity requirements and spending, which depend in part on capacity utilization, demand for customers’ products, inventory levels relative to demand, and access to affordable capital. These changes may affect the timing and amounts of customers’ purchases and investments in technology, and affect our orders, net sales, operating expenses, and net income. In addition, we may not be able to respond adequately or quickly to the declines in demand by reducing our costs. We may be required to record significant reserves for excess and obsolete inventory as demand for our products changes.

To meet rapidly changing demand in each of the industries we serve, we must effectively manage our resources and production capacity. During periods of decreasing demand for our products, we must be able to appropriately align our cost structure with prevailing market conditions, effectively manage our supply chain, and motivate and retain key employees. During periods of increasing demand, we must have sufficient manufacturing capacity and inventory to fulfill customer orders, effectively manage our supply chain, and attract, retain, and motivate a sufficient number of qualified individuals. If we are not able to timely and appropriately adapt to changes in our business environment or to accurately assess where we are positioned within a business cycle, our business, financial condition, or results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our business is substantially dependent on utility rate structures and government incentive programs that encourage the use of alternative energy sources. Any change in these rate structures or incentive programs could affect the demand for our products.

A combination of utility rate structures and government subsidies that encourage the use of alternative energy sources drives demand for our products. For example, public utilities are often allowed to collect demand charges on commercial and industrial customers in addition to traditional usage charges. In addition, the federal government and many states encourage the use of alternative energy sources through a combination of direct subsidies and tariff incentives such as net metering for users that use alternative energy sources such as solar power. California also encourages alternative energy technology through its Self-Generation Incentive Program, or SGIP, which offers rebates for consumers who adopt certain new technologies. As a result of these incentives, we believe that a substantial portion of the products we have sold have been for use by customers in California. Other states have similar incentives and mandates which encourage the adoption of alternative energy sources. Notwithstanding the adoption of other incentive programs, we expect that California will be the most significant market for the sale of our products in the near term. Should California or another state in which we derive a substantial portion of our product revenues in the future changes its utility rate structure or eliminates or significantly reduces its incentive programs, demand for our products could be substantially affected, which would adversely affect our business prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Our sales cycle is lengthy and variable, which makes it difficult for us to accurately forecast revenue and which may affect our quarterly results.

The sales cycle for our products is lengthy and unpredictable, which makes it difficult for us to accurately forecast revenues in a given period, and may cause revenue and operating results to vary significantly from period to period. We currently sell our products primarily to system integrators that integrate our products into larger “turn-key” solutions for their customers. Before a system integrator agrees to specify our products in their systems, the integrator engages in a lengthy and time-consuming process of testing and evaluating our equipment for use. This process can take from six months to over a year. Even if our products are approved for use by a system integrator, the system integrator may not place an order for our equipment until the system integrator has entered into a contract with the end user for the design and installation of the system. In many cases, the system integrator is required to respond to a detailed request for proposal or to submit a proposal before a contract for the system is executed. Although we maintain a small finished goods inventory, in most cases products are produced for us by our contract manufacturer in response to a particular customer order. As a result, there may be a significant period of time between the time our products are approved for use by a particular system integrator and the time we record revenue from the sale of our products. As a result of potentially lengthy sales cycles, we may have difficulty in accurately predicting our operating results for any given period, and may experience significant unanticipated fluctuations in our revenues from period to period. Any failure to achieve anticipated revenues for a period could adversely affect our operating results and the market price of our common stock.

Our revenue and operating results for any quarterly reporting period may fluctuate significantly depending on the timing of the delivery of our products.

Our revenue from product sales has resulted from the sale of a relatively low volume of units. As a result, a change in the expected delivery date for a particular customer order could have a significant impact on our quarterly revenues and operating results. Although we maintain a small finished goods inventory, in most cases products are produced for us by our contract manufacturer in response to a particular customer order. Because of our varying sales cycles and our manufacturing lead times, we may not be able to accurately predict the timing of the delivery of a particular order. Significant unanticipated fluctuations in our revenues from period to period could adversely affect our operating results and the market price for our common stock.

Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock

We are an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2012, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. At present, we intend to take advantage of the exemption from the requirement of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation but do not intend to take advantage of any of the other exemptions, other than as they apply to all other “smaller reporting companies,” though we may do so at some point in the future. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner if our revenues exceed $1 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three year period, or if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30.

Our status as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act may make it more difficult to raise capital as and when we need it.

Because of the exemptions from various reporting requirements provided to us as an “emerging growth company,” we may be less attractive to investors and it may be difficult for us to raise additional capital as and when we need it. Investors may be unable to compare our business with other companies in our industry if they believe that our reporting is not as transparent as other companies in our industry. If we are unable to raise additional capital as and when we need it, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

The public market for our common stock may be volatile. This may affect the ability of our investors to sell their shares as well as the price at which they sell their shares.

The market price for the shares may be significantly affected by factors such as variations in the volume of trading activity, quarterly and yearly operating results, general trends in the alternative energy industry or other markets we serve, and changes in state or federal regulations affecting us and our industry. Furthermore, in recent years the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the affected companies. Such broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We have the right to issue shares of preferred stock. If we were to issue preferred stock, it is likely to have rights, preferences and privileges that may adversely affect the common stock.

We are authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, with such rights, preferences and privileges as may be determined from time-to-time by our board of directors. Our board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock in one or more series, and to fix for any series the dividend rights, dissolution or liquidation preferences, redemption prices, conversion rights, voting rights, and other rights, preferences and privileges for the preferred stock. No shares of preferred stock are presently issued and outstanding and we have no plans to issue shares of preferred stock. The issuance of shares of preferred stock, depending on the rights, preferences and privileges attributable to the preferred stock, could reduce the voting rights and powers of the common stock and the portion of our assets allocated for distribution to common stockholders in a liquidation event, and could also result in dilution in the book value per share of the common stock we are offering. The preferred stock could also be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method for raising additional capital or discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company, to the detriment of the investors in the common stock offered hereby. We cannot assure you that we will not, under certain circumstances, issue shares of our preferred stock.

We have not paid dividends in the past and have no immediate plans to pay dividends.

We plan to reinvest all of our earnings, to the extent we have earnings, in order to market our products and to cover operating costs and to otherwise become and remain competitive. We do not plan to pay any cash dividends with respect to our securities in the foreseeable future. We cannot assure you that we would, at any time, generate sufficient surplus cash that would be available for distribution to the holders of our common stock as a dividend. Therefore, you should not expect to receive cash dividends on our common stock.

Management of our Company is within the control of the board of directors and the officers. You should not purchase our common stock unless you are willing to entrust management of our Company to these individuals.

All decisions with respect to the management of the Company will be made by our board of directors and our officers. Management retains significant influence in electing a majority of the board of directors who shall, in turn, have the power to appoint the officers of the Company and to determine, in accordance with their fiduciary duties and the business judgment rule, the direction, objectives and policies of the Company including, without limitation, the purchase of businesses or assets; the sale of all or a substantial portion of the assets of the Company; the merger or consolidation of the Company with another corporation; raising additional capital through financing and/or equity sources; the retention of cash reserves for future product development, expansion of our business and/or acquisitions; the filing of registration statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission for offerings of our capital stock; and transactions that may cause or prevent a change in control of the Company or its winding up and dissolution. Accordingly, no investor should purchase our common stock unless such investor is willing to entrust all aspects of the management of the Company to such individuals.

We have incurred significant increased costs as a result of becoming a public company that reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission and our management is required to devote substantial time to meet compliance obligations.

As a public company reporting to the Securities and Exchange Commission, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. We are subject to reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission that impose significant requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices. In addition, there are significant corporate governance and executive compensation-related provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act that are expected to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and may also place undue strain on our personnel, systems and resources. Our management and other personnel are required to devote a substantial amount of time to these and other new compliance initiatives. In addition, we believe these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and have made it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage in the future. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified people to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers.

Failure to build our finance infrastructure and improve our accounting systems and controls could impair our ability to comply with the financial reporting and internal controls requirements for publicly traded companies.

As a public company, we operate in an increasingly demanding regulatory environment, which requires us to comply with applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the related rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, expanded disclosure requirements, accelerated reporting requirements and more complex accounting rules. Company responsibilities required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act include establishing corporate oversight and adequate internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent financial fraud. We will need to hire or outsource additional finance personnel and further build our financial infrastructure as a public company, including complying with the applicable requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may be unable to do so on a timely basis. Until we are able to expand our finance and administrative capabilities and establish additional financial reporting infrastructure, we may not be able to prepare and disclose, in a timely manner, our financial statements and other required disclosures or comply with the applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or existing or new reporting requirements. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and results of operations could be harmed and investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information.

Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market for our common stock.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. These sales could also make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.

At September 30, 2015, we had 9,379,939 shares of common stock outstanding. Shares beneficially owned by our affiliates and employees are subject to volume and other restrictions under Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, various vesting agreements, our insider trading policy and any applicable 10b5-1 trading plan. Shares that are not beneficially owned by our affiliates and employees generally can be freely sold in the public market, subject in some cases to restrictions under Rule 144.

At September 30, 2015, we had potentially dilutive shares outstanding amounted to 3,061,810 of our common stock and we may grant additional options, stock-based awards and/or warrants in the future. If our stock price rises, the holders of vested options, awards or warrants may exercise their options or warrants and sell a large number of shares. Any sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

Our charter documents and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover that stockholders consider favorable.

Our Certificate of Incorporation, or Certificate, and bylaws and applicable provisions of Delaware law may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in control or change in our management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares, or transactions that our stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. The provisions in our Certificate and bylaws:

In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may limit our ability to engage in any business combination with a person who beneficially owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock unless certain conditions are satisfied. This restriction lasts for a period of three years following the share acquisition. These provisions may have the effect of entrenching our management team and may deprive you of the opportunity to sell your shares to potential acquirers at a premium over prevailing prices. This potential inability to obtain a control premium could reduce the price of our common stock. See “Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Charter Documents” for additional information.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or do not continue to publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. Presently, a limited number of securities analysts publish reports on us on a regular basis. If any of the analysts who cover us now or in the future issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Our initial public offering of our common stock on registration statement number 333-190414, declared effective on November 21, 2013, raised approximately $15 million in net cash proceeds after expenses.

On May 20, 2015, we closed an underwritten follow-on offering of 2,225,825 shares, inclusive of the underwriter’s overallotment of 290,325 shares, of our common stock at a price of $7.75, before underwriting discounts and commissions. The offer and sale of all shares in the follow-on offering were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 (registration number 333-200661), which was declared effective on April 27, 2015, and raised approximately $15.9 million in net cash proceeds after expenses.

Through September 30, 2015, we used approximately $13.7 million of the net cash proceeds from our equity offerings. These funds were used as follows: $987,000 for purchase of equipment and software, $919,000 for protection of our intellectual property and the remainder for our operations, including research and development and general and working capital purposes. None of the proceeds were used for construction of plant, building and facilities, the purchase of real estate or the acquisition of any business.

On September 1, 2015, we issued 3,293 shares of common stock to a warrant holder in connection with the exercise of a warrant. The per share exercise price was $3.47626 and the warrant was exercised on a cashless basis. We relied on the exemption provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933 to issue the common stock.

On September 11, 2015, we issued 14,383 shares of common stock to a warrant holder in connection with the exercise of a warrant. The per share exercise price was $3.47626. We relied on the exemption provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933 to issue the common stock.

Not applicable

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

*Filed herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant, has duly, caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.