IDT CORP - Quarter Report: 2017 January (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JANUARY 31, 2017

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 1-16371

IDT CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(973) 438-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes ☐     No ☒

As of March 10, 2017, the registrant had the following shares outstanding:

IDT CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

IDT CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1—Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “IDT”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017. The balance sheet at July 31, 2016 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The Company’s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2017 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017).

Note 2—Zedge Spin-Off

On June 1, 2016, the Company completed a pro rata distribution of the common stock that the Company held in the Company’s subsidiary, Zedge, Inc. (“Zedge”), to the Company’s stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016 (the “Zedge Spin-Off”). The disposition of Zedge did not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and accordingly, its assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows have not been reclassified. In connection with the Zedge Spin-Off, each of the Company’s stockholders received one share of Zedge Class A common stock for every three shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and one share of Zedge Class B common stock for every three shares of the Company’s Class B common stock, held of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016. The Company received a legal opinion that the Zedge Spin-Off should qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In August 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to reorganize the Company into three separate entities by spinning off its non-core business and assets to its stockholders, one of which was Zedge. The remaining components of the reorganization are subject to change in response to changed circumstance or intervening events, as well as both internal and third party contingencies, and must receive final approval from the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company continues to advance the effort on the remainder of the reorganization.

Zedge’s income before income taxes and income before income taxes attributable to the Company, which is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, were as follows:

Note 3—Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Cornerstone”) is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies targeting cancer metabolism that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells. The Company’s initial $2 million investment in Cornerstone was funded as follows: $500,000 upon signing the Subscription and Loan Agreement on January 21, 2016, $50,000 on March 23, 2016, and $1.45 million on April 14, 2016. The initial $2 million investment was in exchange for Cornerstone’s 3.5% convertible promissory notes due 2018. The remaining $8 million was funded in August and September 2016. In September 2016, Cornerstone issued to the Company’s controlled 50%-owned subsidiary, CS Pharma Holdings, LLC (“CS Pharma”), a convertible promissory note with a principal amount of $10 million (the “Series D Note”) representing the $8 million investment funded on such date plus the conversion of the $2 million principal amount convertible promissory notes issued in connection with the previous funding.

On January 4, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved an arrangement with Howard S. Jonas, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, and Chairman of the Board of Cornerstone, pursuant to which, on March 2, 2017, the Company sold 10% of the Company’s direct and indirect interest and rights in Cornerstone to Mr. Jonas for a purchase price of $1 million. Howard Jonas and Deborah Jonas jointly own $525,000 of Series C Convertible Notes of Cornerstone, and The Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation owns an additional $525,000 of Series C Notes of Cornerstone.

The Cornerstone Series D Note earns interest at 3.5% per annum, with principal and accrued interest due and payable on September 16, 2018. The Series D Note is convertible at the holder’s option into shares of Cornerstone’s Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Cornerstone common stock upon a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder’s option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases, the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price. The Company and CS Pharma were issued warrants to purchase shares of capital stock of Cornerstone representing in the aggregate up to 56% of the then issued and outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. The right to exercise warrants as to the first $10 million thereof is held by CS Pharma and the remainder is owned by the Company. The exercise price of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will result in at least $5 million of gross proceeds to Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the earlier of December 31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event.

Cornerstone is a variable interest entity, however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of Cornerstone that most significantly impact Cornerstone’s economic performance. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the Company’s investment in Cornerstone was $10.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, which was included in “Investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At January 31, 2017, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with Cornerstone was its $10.0 million investment, since there were no other arrangements, events or circumstances that could expose the Company to additional loss.

In addition to interests issued to the Company, CS Pharma has issued member interests to third parties in exchange for cash investment in CS Pharma of $10 million. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, CS Pharma had received $10.0 million and $8.8 million, respectively, of such investment. At July 31, 2016, the $8.8 million received was included in “Other current liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet pending the issuance of the member interests. The Company holds a 50% interest in CS Pharma and is the managing member. It is expected that CS Pharma will use its cash to invest in Cornerstone.

Note 4—Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of marketable securities:

* Each of the Company’s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary market through a broker, and may be sold in the secondary market.

In January 2017, the Company received 23,227 shares of Zedge Class B common stock in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on Zedge restricted stock held by certain of the Company’s employees and the payment of taxes related thereto. As part of the Zedge Spin-Off, holders of the Company’s restricted Class B common stock received, in respect of those restricted shares, one share of Zedge’s Class B common stock for every three restricted shares of the Company that they held as of the record date for the Zedge Spin-Off. The Company received the Zedge shares in exchange for the payment of an aggregate of $74,000 for the employees’ tax withholding obligations upon the vesting event. The number of shares was determined based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date. At January 31, 2017, the Zedge shares owned by the Company had a fair value of $77,000.

Proceeds from maturities and sales of available-for-sale securities were $10.8 million and $9.9 million in the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $16.8 million and $18.7 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, gross realized gains included in earnings as a result of sales were $0.3 million. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, gross realized gains included in earnings as a result of sales were $0.5 million. There were no gross realized gains (losses) included in earnings as a result of sales in the three months ended January 31, 2016. The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sales of marketable securities.

The contractual maturities of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2017 were as follows:

The following available-for-sale securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments have not been recognized:

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer.

Note 5—Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

(1) – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

(2) – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

(3) – no observable pricing inputs in the market

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the Company had $8.4 million and $8.1 million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were included in “Investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s investments in hedge funds are accounted for using the equity method or the cost method, therefore investments in hedge funds are not measured at fair value.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The estimated fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, other current assets, customer deposits and other current liabilities. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents were classified as Level 1 and other current assets, customer deposits and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other assets and other liabilities. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company’s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s investments at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016 included investments in the equity of certain privately held entities and other investments that are accounted for at cost. It is not practicable to estimate the fair value of these investments because of the lack of a quoted market price for the shares of these entities, and the inability to estimate their fair value without incurring excessive cost. The carrying value of these investments was $15.4 million and $7.0 million at January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, respectively, which the Company believes was not impaired.

Note 6—Derivative Instruments

Prior to the Zedge Spin-Off, the primary risk managed by the Company using derivative instruments was foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange forward contracts were entered into as hedges against unfavorable fluctuations in the U.S. dollar – Norwegian krone (“NOK”) exchange rate. Zedge is based in Norway and much of its operations are located in Norway. Subsequent to the Zedge Spin-Off, the Company provided hedging services to Zedge pursuant to its Transition Services Agreement until Zedge established a credit facility and was able to enter into foreign exchange contracts. The Company did not apply hedge accounting to these contracts, therefore the changes in fair value were recorded in earnings.

The effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income were as follows:

Note 7—Equity

Changes in the components of equity were as follows:

Dividend Payments

In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company paid cash dividends of $0.38 per share on its Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or $8.8 million in total. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, the Company paid cash dividends of $0.37 per share on its Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or $8.6 million in total.

In March 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.19 per share for the second quarter of fiscal 2017 to holders of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The dividend will be paid on or about March 24, 2017 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 17, 2017.

Stock Repurchases

The Company has a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 8.0 million shares of the Company’s Class B common stock. There were no repurchases under the program in the six months ended January 31, 2017. In the six months ended January 31, 2016, the Company repurchased 398,376 shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $4.6 million. At January 31, 2017, 8.0 million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.

In the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to repurchase 94,338 shares and 11,250 shares of Class B common stock, respectively, that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on awards of restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.

2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan

On December 14, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder by an additional 0.1 million shares.

The Company received proceeds from the exercise of its stock options of $0.8 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017. There were no stock option exercises in the six months ended January 31, 2016. In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company issued 73,471 shares of its Class B common stock for the stock option exercises.

Note 8—Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.

The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders consists of the following:

The following outstanding stock options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock option was greater than the average market price of the Company’s stock during the period:

Note 9—Revolving Credit Loan Payable

The Company’s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc., entered into a credit agreement, dated July 12, 2012, with TD Bank, N.A. for a line of credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements, acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes. The line of credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom’s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum, at the option of IDT Telecom, at either (a) the U.S. Prime Rate less 125 basis points, or (b) the LIBOR rate adjusted by the Regulation D maximum reserve requirement plus 150 basis points. Interest is payable monthly and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity date of January 31, 2018. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no amounts outstanding under the facility. The Company intends to borrow under the facility from time to time. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 0.375% per annum on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment. IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain financial targets and ratios during the term of the line of credit, including IDT Telecom may not pay any dividend on its capital stock and IDT Telecom’s aggregate loans and advances to affiliates or subsidiaries may not exceed $110.0 million. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there were no amounts utilized for letters of credit under the line of credit, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants, and IDT Telecom’s aggregate loans and advances to affiliates and subsidiaries was $105.0 million and $91.1 million, respectively.

Note 10—Accrued Severance Expense

In July 2016, the Company completed a reduction of its workforce and incurred severance expense of $6.3 million in fiscal 2016. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, there was accrued severance of $2.3 million and $5.7 million, respectively, included in “Accrued expenses” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for the July 2016 workforce reduction.

Note 11—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss were as follows:

Note 12—Business Segment Information

The Company has three reportable business segments, Telecom Platform Services, Unified Communications as a Service (“UCaaS”) and Consumer Phone Services. The Company’s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers and methods used to provide their services. The operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker.

The Telecom Platform Services segment provides retail telecommunications and payment offerings as well as wholesale international long distance traffic termination. The Consumer Phone Services segment provides consumer local and long distance services in certain U.S. states.

Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, UCaaS is a separate reportable segment. The UCaaS segment is comprised of offerings from the Company’s net2phone division, including (1) cable telephony, (2) hosted PBX, (3) SIP trunking, which supports inbound and outbound domestic and international calling from an IP PBX, and (4) PicuP, a highly-automated business phone service that answers, routes and manages voice calls. The operations that comprise the UCaaS segment were included in the Telecom Platform Services segment from the inception of each until July 31, 2016. Comparative results have been reclassified and restated as if UCaaS was a separate segment in all periods presented.

Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services comprise the IDT Telecom division.

Operating segments not reportable individually are included in All Other. All Other includes the Company’s real estate holdings and other smaller businesses. Prior to the Zedge Spin-Off, All Other included Zedge, which provides a content platform that enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons and notification sounds. Corporate costs include certain services, such as compensation, consulting fees, treasury and accounts payable, tax and accounting services, human resources and payroll, corporate purchasing, corporate governance including Board of Directors’ fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate legal, business development, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses including, among others, facilities costs, charitable contributions and travel, as well as depreciation expense on corporate assets. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any direct cost of revenues.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. IDT Telecom depreciation and amortization are allocated to Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services because the related assets are not tracked separately by segment. There are no other significant asymmetrical allocations to segments.

Operating results for the business segments of the Company are as follows:

Note 13—Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

On May 5, 2004, the Company filed a complaint in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, seeking injunctive relief and damages against Tyco Group, S.A.R.L., Tyco Telecommunications (US) Inc. (f/k/a TyCom (US) Inc.), Tyco International, Ltd., Tyco International (US) Inc., and TyCom Ltd. (collectively “Tyco”). The Company alleged that Tyco breached a settlement agreement that it had entered into with the Company to resolve certain disputes and civil actions among the parties. The Company alleged that Tyco did not provide the Company, as required under the settlement agreement, free of charge and for the Company’s exclusive use, a 15-year indefeasible right to use four Wavelengths in Ring Configuration (as defined in the settlement agreement) on a global undersea fiber optic network that Tyco was deploying at that time. After extensive proceedings, including several decisions and appeals, the New York Court of Appeals affirmed a lower court decision to dismiss the Company’s claim and denied the Company’s motion for re-argument of that decision. On June 23, 2015, the Company filed a new summons and complaint against Tyco in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York alleging that Tyco breached the settlement agreement. In September 2015, Tyco filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, which the Company opposed. Oral argument was held on March 9, 2016. On October 17, 2016, the judge granted Tyco’s motion and dismissed the complaint. On November 17, 2016, the Company filed a Notice of Appeal.

In addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Purchase Commitments

The Company had purchase commitments of $1.7 million at January 31, 2017.

Letters of Credit

At January 31, 2017, the Company had letters of credit outstanding totaling $0.1 million for IDT Telecom’s business. The letters of credit outstanding at January 31, 2017 expire in the twelve-month period ending January 31, 2018.

Performance Bonds

IDT Payment Services and IDT Telecom have performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states’ financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers, respectively. At January 31, 2017, the Company had aggregate performance bonds of $13.8 million outstanding.

Customer Deposits

At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, “Customer deposits” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets included refundable customer deposits of $87.5 million and $95.8 million, respectively, related to IDT Financial Services Ltd., the Company’s Gibraltar-based bank.

Substantially Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. as substantially restricted and unavailable for other purposes. At January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets included an aggregate of $10.7 million and $16.0 million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services and IDT Financial Services Ltd. that was unavailable for other purposes.

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of the following:

Other Contingencies

On July 31, 2013, the Company completed a pro rata distribution of the common stock of the Company’s subsidiary Straight Path Communications Inc. (“Straight Path”) to the Company’s stockholders. On September 20, 2016, the Company received a letter of inquiry from the Enforcement Bureau of the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) requesting certain information and materials related to an investigation of potential violations by Straight Path Spectrum LLC (formerly a subsidiary of the Company and currently a subsidiary of Straight Path) in connection with licenses to operate on the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands of the Fixed Microwave Services. The Company has been cooperating with the FCC in this matter and has responded to the letter of inquiry. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company incurred legal fees of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, related to this inquiry, which is included in “Other operating expense” in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. As disclosed in Straight Path’s filings with the SEC, Straight Path has entered into a consent decree with the FCC that terminates the FCC’s related investigation against Straight Path.

If the FCC were to pursue separate action against the Company, the FCC could seek to fine or impose regulatory penalties or civil liability on the Company related to activities during the period of ownership by the Company. Further, the Company could be the subject of a claim from Straight Path for indemnification related to its liability related to the consent decree. The Company would vigorously defend against any such claims or actions.

Note 14—Other (Expense) Income, Net

Other (expense) income, net consists of the following:

Note 15—Income Taxes

In the six months ended January 31, 2017, the Company determined that its valuation allowance on the losses of Elmion Netherlands B.V., a Netherlands subsidiary, was no longer required due to an internal reorganization that generated income and a projection of net income in future periods. The Company recorded a benefit from income taxes of $16.6 million in the six months ended January 31, 2017 from the full recognition of the Elmion Netherlands B.V. deferred tax assets.

Note 16—Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. The Company will adopt this standard on August 1, 2018. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company is evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) to provide more information about recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments in the ASU include, among other changes, the following: (1) equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (2) a qualitative assessment each reporting period to identify impairment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, (3) financial assets and financial liabilities will be presented separately by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the notes to the financial statements, and (4) an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. Entities will no longer be able to recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities classified as available-for-sale in other comprehensive income. In addition, a practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient. These investments may be measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Entities will have to reassess at each reporting period whether an investment qualifies for this practicability exception. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact that the ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that includes specific guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of the period and end of the period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The adoption will impact the Company’s beginning of the period and end of the period cash and cash equivalents balance in its statement of cash flows, as well as its net cash provided by operating activities.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the associated notes thereto of this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC).

As used below, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company,” “IDT,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to IDT Corporation, a Delaware corporation, its predecessor, International Discount Telecommunications, Corp., a New York corporation, and their subsidiaries, collectively.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking statement. In addition to the factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors, risks and uncertainties that could result in those differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A to Part I “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consult all of the information set forth in this report and the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016.

Overview

We are a multinational holding company with operations primarily in the telecommunications and payment industries. We have three reportable business segments, Telecom Platform Services, Unified Communications as a Service, or UCaaS, and Consumer Phone Services. Telecom Platform Services provides retail telecommunications and payment offerings as well as wholesale international long distance traffic termination. The UCaaS segment is comprised of offerings from our net2phone division, including (1) cable telephony, (2) hosted PBX, (3) SIP trunking, which supports inbound and outbound domestic and international calling from an IP PBX, and (4) PicuP, a highly-automated business phone service that answers, routes and manages voice calls. Consumer Phone Services provides consumer local and long distance services in certain U.S. states. Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services comprise our IDT Telecom division. Operating segments not reportable individually are included in All Other. All Other includes our real estate holdings and other smaller businesses. Until the spin-off of Zedge, Inc., or Zedge, in June 2016, All Other included Zedge, which provides a content platform that enables consumers to personalize their mobile devices with free ringtones, wallpapers, home screen app icons and notification sounds.

Since our inception, we have derived the majority of our revenues and operating expenses from IDT Telecom’s businesses. IDT Telecom’s revenues represented 99.9% and 99.1% of our total revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

On June 1, 2016, we completed the Zedge Spin-Off, which was a pro rata distribution of the common stock that we held in our subsidiary Zedge to our stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016. The disposition of Zedge did not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and accordingly, its assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows have not been reclassified. In connection with the Zedge Spin-Off, each of our stockholders received one share of Zedge Class A common stock for every three shares of our Class A common stock, and one share of Zedge Class B common stock for every three shares of our Class B common stock, held of record as of the close of business on May 26, 2016. We received a legal opinion that the Zedge Spin-Off should qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In August 2015, our Board of Directors approved a plan to reorganize us into three separate entities by spinning off our non-core business and assets to our stockholders, one of which was Zedge. The remaining components of the reorganization are subject to change in response to changed circumstance or intervening events, as well as both internal and third party contingencies, and must receive final approval from our Board of Directors. We continue to advance the effort on the remainder of the reorganization.

Investment in Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Cornerstone, is a clinical stage, oncology-focused pharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization of therapies targeting cancer metabolism that exploit the metabolic differences between normal cells and cancer cells. Our controlled 50%-owned subsidiary, CS Pharma Holdings, LLC, or CS Pharma, holds Cornerstone’s convertible promissory note with a principal amount of $10 million (the Series D Note).

On January 4, 2017, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved an arrangement with Howard S. Jonas, our Chairman of the Board, and Chairman of the Board of Cornerstone, pursuant to which, on March 2, 2017, we sold 10% of our direct and indirect interest and rights in Cornerstone to Mr. Jonas for a purchase price of $1 million. Howard Jonas and Deborah Jonas jointly own $525,000 of Series C Convertible Notes of Cornerstone, and The Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation owns an additional $525,000 of Series C Notes of Cornerstone.

The Cornerstone Series D Note earns interest at 3.5% per annum, with principal and accrued interest due and payable on September 16, 2018. The Series D Note is convertible at the holder’s option into shares of Cornerstone’s Series D Preferred Stock. The Series D Note also includes a mandatory conversion into Cornerstone common stock upon a qualified initial public offering, and conversion at the holder’s option upon an unqualified financing event. In all cases, the Series D Note conversion price is based on the applicable financing purchase price. We and CS Pharma were issued warrants to purchase shares of capital stock of Cornerstone representing in the aggregate up to 56% of the then issued and outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, on an as-converted and fully diluted basis. The right to exercise warrants as to the first $10 million thereof is held by CS Pharma and the remainder is owned by us. The exercise price of the warrant is the lower of 70% of the price sold in an equity financing, or $1.25 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The minimum initial and subsequent exercises of the warrant shall be for such number of shares that will result in at least $5 million of gross proceeds to Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as represents 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Cornerstone, or such lesser amount as may then remain unexercised. The warrant will expire upon the earlier of December 31, 2020 or a qualified initial public offering or liquidation event.

In addition to interests issued to us, CS Pharma has issued member interests to third parties in exchange for cash investment in CS Pharma of $10 million. We hold a 50% interest in CS Pharma and we are the managing member. It is expected that CS Pharma will use its cash to invest in Cornerstone.

Cornerstone is a variable interest entity, however, we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary as we do not have the power to direct the activities of Cornerstone that most significantly impact Cornerstone’s economic performance.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended July 31, 2016. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Critical accounting policies are those that require application of management’s most subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Our critical accounting policies include those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, valuation of long-lived and intangible assets, income taxes and regulatory agency fees, and IDT Telecom direct cost of revenues—disputed amounts. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. For additional discussion of our critical accounting policies, see our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended July 31, 2016.

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, and the International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede most of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS. The goals of the revenue recognition project were to clarify and converge the revenue recognition principles under U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to develop guidance that would streamline and enhance revenue recognition requirements. We will adopt this standard on August 1, 2018. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. We are evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, to provide more information about recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments in the ASU include, among other changes, the following: (1) equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (2) a qualitative assessment each reporting period to identify impairment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, (3) financial assets and financial liabilities will be presented separately by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the notes to the financial statements, and (4) an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. Entities will no longer be able to recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities classified as available-for-sale in other comprehensive income. In addition, a practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient. These investments may be measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Entities will have to reassess at each reporting period whether an investment qualifies for this practicability exception. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. We are evaluating the impact that the ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU related to the accounting for leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use, or ROU, model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2019. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. The new standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences and classification on the statement of cash flows. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2017. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except the losses will be recognized as allowances instead of reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. In addition, an entity will have to disclose significantly more information about allowances, credit quality indicators and past due securities. The new provisions will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. We will adopt the new standard on August 1, 2020. We are evaluating the impact that the new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that includes specific guidance on the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of the period and end of the period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU on August 1, 2018. The adoption will impact our beginning of the period and end of the period cash and cash equivalents balance in our statement of cash flows, as well as our net cash provided by operating activities.

Results of Operations

Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2017 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2016

We evaluate the performance of our operating business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. Accordingly, the income and expense line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in our discussion of the consolidated results of operations.

IDT Telecom—Telecom Platform Services, UCaaS and Consumer Phone Services Segments

Telecom Platform Services, which represented 97.5% and 96.9% of our total revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, markets and distributes multiple communications and payment services across three broad business verticals:

As described below, the decreases in Telecom Platform Services’ minutes of use and revenues in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016, as well as the increase in direct cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues, reflect the collapse of rates industry wide in the U.S. to Mexico corridor plus longer term secular trends impacting the telecom industry. These include increased competition from wireless network operators, mobile virtual network operators and alternative communications solutions such as over-the-top voice and messaging. In anticipation of these developments, in recent years, we have increased investment in long term growth initiatives that mitigate the impact from those trends. We have also been reducing our selling, general and administrative expenses and streamlining operations.

Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, UCaaS is a separate reportable segment. The UCaaS segment is comprised of offerings from our net2phone division, including (1) cable telephony, (2) hosted PBX, (3) SIP trunking, which supports inbound and outbound domestic and international calling from an IP PBX, and (4) PicuP, a highly-automated business phone service that answers, routes and manages voice calls. The operations that comprise the UCaaS segment were included in the Telecom Platform Services segment from the inception of each until July 31, 2016. Comparative results have been reclassified and restated as if UCaaS was a separate segment in all periods presented.

Revenues. IDT Telecom revenues decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 due to decreases in both Telecom Platform Services’ and Consumer Phone Services’ revenues. Telecom Platform Services’ revenues, minutes of use and average revenue per minute for the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following:

Retail Communications’ revenue decreased 8.2% and 8.3% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016. Revenue from our Boss Revolution international calling service, which is Retail Communications’ most significant offering, declined 5.5% and 5.3% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 due primarily to the continuing decline in minutes of use and revenue from calls made in the U.S. and terminating in Mexico. In July 2016, we significantly reduced Boss Revolution’s U.S. to Mexico calling rate because many of our competitors, including some of the large U.S. mobile operators, were offering unlimited Mexico calling as part of their monthly pricing plans. Revenue from Boss Revolution calls made in the U.S. and terminating in Mexico were relatively stable in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2017. We believe declines in this corridor going forward will not be as significant to Retail Communications’ revenue. In addition, the decrease in Retail Communications’ revenue in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 was due to continuing revenue declines in Europe, South America and Asia, and continuing revenue declines from traditional disposable calling cards in the U.S. Retail Communications’ minutes of use decreased 16.4% and 13.9% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 because of decreases in Boss Revolution and traditional disposable calling cards’ minutes of use. In addition, minutes of use decreased in Europe, South America and Asia in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016. In March 2017, we launched the updated Boss Revolution calling app that includes free app-to-app calling and messaging. The Boss Revolution calling app also integrates seamlessly with the new Boss Revolution Money app, which features international money transfers, mobile airtime top-up and electronic gift cards. The updated calling app, which is available in several languages in the iTunes and Google Play stores, is expected to increase Boss Revolution’s market penetration and enhance the brand. Retail Communications’ revenue comprised 43.2% and 45.1% of Telecom Platform Services’ revenue in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Wholesale Carrier Services’ revenue decreased 3.1% and 4.3% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily because of a decrease in revenues from small and medium sized carrier customers who utilize our web-based, prepaid termination services portal, as well as the absence of certain exchange rate driven arbitrage-pricing opportunities in Latin America that existed in the year ago periods, partially offset by an increase in carrier revenues. Wholesale Carrier Services minutes of use increased 5.5% in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 primarily due to a 12.5% increase in carrier minutes of use in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016. Wholesale Carrier Services minutes of use decreased 2.8% in the six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 primarily due to a decrease in web-based prepaid termination services. Wholesale Carrier Services’ revenue comprised 40.2% and 40.3% of Telecom Platform Services’ revenue in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Payment Services’ revenue increased 11.8% and 9.5% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily due to increases in international airtime top-up revenue and revenue from our international money transfer service. We have money transmitter licenses in 48 of the 49 states that require such a license, as well as in Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C. Future growth in Payment Services is expected from geographic expansion of our international money transfer service into California and New York, the recent launch of the new Boss Revolution Money app that features international money transfers, mobile airtime top-up and electronic gift cards, and from expansion of our National Retail Solutions point-of-sale terminal business. Payment Services’ revenue comprised 16.6% and 14.6% of Telecom Platform Services’ revenue in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

UCaaS’ revenue increased 16.7% in the three months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 due to increases in hosted PBX, cable telephony and SIP trunking revenues. UCaaS’ revenue increased 8.5% in the six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2016 primarily due to increases in hosted PBX and cable telephony revenues, partially offset by a decline in SIP trunking revenues.

Consumer Phone Services’ revenues declined 21.0% and 19.7% in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 as we continued to operate the business in harvest mode. This strategy has been in effect since calendar 2005 when the FCC decided to terminate the UNE-P pricing regime, which resulted in significantly inferior economics in the operating model for this business. We anticipate that Consumer Phone Services’ customer base and revenues will continue to decline. Minutes of use relating to our Consumer Phone Services segment is not tracked as a meaningful business metric as the domestic traffic generated by this segment is not carried on our network, and the international traffic generated by this segment, though carried on our own network, is insignificant.

Direct Cost of Revenues. Direct cost of revenues in Telecom Platform Services decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 mainly due to the 1.1% and 6.1% decreases in Telecom Platform Services’ minutes of use in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016. Direct cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues in Telecom Platform Services increased 30 and 80 basis points in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily because the decreases in Retail Communications’ and Wholesale Carrier Services’ revenues exceeded the decreases in their direct cost of revenues.

Direct cost of revenues in UCaaS decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 because of decreases in the direct cost of revenues in SIP trunking, and cable telephony service.

Direct cost of revenues in our Consumer Phone Services segment decreased the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily as a result of the declining customer base.

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses in our Telecom Platform Services segment decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 primarily due to decreases in employee compensation and legal fees. The decrease in employee compensation was the result of the headcount reductions in fiscal 2016 that were partially offset by annual payroll increases. As a percentage of Telecom Platform Services’ revenue, Telecom Platform Services’ selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 11.2% from 11.9% in the three months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and decreased to 11.2% from 11.9% in the six months ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Selling, general and administrative expenses in our UCaaS segment increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 due to an increase in employee compensation from an increase in sales and information technology employees. In fiscal 2017, we expect sales and information technology employees in our UCaaS segment to continue to increase in order to increase UCaaS’ revenues.

Selling, general and administrative expenses in our Consumer Phone Services segment decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 as the cost structure for this segment continued to be right-sized to the needs of its declining revenue base.

Depreciation and Amortization. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense in the three and six months ended January 31, 2017 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2016 was due to increases in depreciation of capitalized costs of consultants and employees developing internal use software to support our new products.

Other Operating Expense. Other operating expense in the three and six months ended January 31, 2016 was due to a loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment from the write-off of capitalized costs of certain projects that were terminated prior to completion.

All Other

Currently, we report aggregate results for all of our operating businesses other than IDT Telecom in All Other. On June 1, 2016, we completed the Zedge Spin-Off. The disposition of Zedge did not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and accordingly, its assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows have not been reclassified.

Following are the results of operations of Zedge, which were included in All Other until the Zedge Spin-Off on June 1, 2016: