ImmunoGen, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-Q

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☒     QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

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OR

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☐     TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the transition period from            to           

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Commission file number 0-17999

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ImmunoGen, Inc.

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830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

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(781) 895-0600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  ⌧ Yes ◻ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ⌧ Yes ◻ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12-b2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ⌧ No

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Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share: 174,405,935 shares outstanding as of April 30, 2020.

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IMMUNOGEN, INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2020

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Forward looking statements

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This report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to analyses and other information which are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts that are not yet determinable.

These statements also relate to our future prospects, developments, and business strategies. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will,” and other similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions. These statements are contained in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” sections, as well as other sections of this report.

These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those contemplated by our forward-looking statements. These known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors are described in detail in the “Risk Factors” section and in other sections of this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 11, 2020. Except as required by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

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ITEM 1. Financial Statements

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IMMUNOGEN, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

In thousands, except per share amounts

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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IMMUNOGEN, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(UNAUDITED)

In thousands, except per share amounts

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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IMMUNOGEN, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

In thousands

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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IMMUNOGEN, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

In thousands

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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IMMUNOGEN, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2020

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ImmunoGen, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated in Massachusetts in 1981 and is focused on the development of antibody-drug conjugates, or ADCs. The Company has generally incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, incurred a net loss of $29.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, and has an accumulated deficit of approximately $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2020. The Company has primarily funded these losses through payments received from its collaborations and equity, convertible debt, and other financings. To date, the Company has no product revenue and management expects operating losses to continue for the foreseeable future.

At March 31, 2020, the Company had $247.3 million of cash and cash equivalents on hand. The Company anticipates that its current capital resources will enable it to meet its operational expenses and capital expenditures for more than twelve months after the date these financial statements are issued. The Company may raise additional funds through equity, debt, or other financings, or generate revenues from collaborators through a combination of upfront license payments, milestone payments, royalty payments, and research funding. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional debt, equity, or other financing or generate revenues from collaborators on terms acceptable to the Company or at all. The failure of the Company to obtain sufficient funds on acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition and require the Company to defer or limit some or all of its research, development, and/or clinical projects.

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry including, but not limited to, the development by its competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, manufacturing and marketing limitations, complexities associated with managing collaboration arrangements, third-party reimbursements, and compliance with governmental regulations.

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Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, ImmunoGen Securities Corp., ImmunoGen Europe Limited, ImmunoGen (Bermuda) Ltd., ImmunoGen BioPharma (Ireland) Limited, and Hurricane, LLC. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements include all of the adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. for interim financial information. The December 31, 2019 consolidated balance sheet presented for comparative purposes was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements, and certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of interim financial statements requires the use of management’s estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenditures during the reported periods. The results of the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year. Accordingly, the interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2020.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after March 31, 2020, up through the date the Company issued these financial statements. The Company did not have any material recognized or unrecognized subsequent events during this period.

Revenue Recognition

The Company enters into licensing and development agreements with collaborators for the development of

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ADCs. The terms of these agreements contain multiple deliverables/performance obligations which may include (i) licenses, or options to obtain licenses, to the Company’s ADC technology, (ii) rights to future technological improvements, and (iii) miscellaneous other activities to be performed on behalf of the collaborative partner. Payments to the Company under these agreements may include upfront fees, option fees, exercise fees, payments for miscellaneous other activities, payments based upon the achievement of certain milestones, and royalties on product sales. The Company follows the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) in accounting for these agreements.

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under the agreements, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when or as the Company satisfies each performance obligation.  

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it is entitled in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when or as the performance obligation is satisfied.

As part of the accounting for arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the selling price for each performance obligation that was identified in the contract, which is discussed in further detail below.

At March 31, 2020, the Company had the following types of material agreements with the parties identified below:

Bayer (one exclusive single-target license)

Biotest (one exclusive single-target license)

CytomX (two exclusive single-target licenses)

Debiopharm (one exclusive single-compound license)

Fusion Pharmaceuticals (one exclusive single-target license)

Novartis (five exclusive single-target licenses)

Oxford BioTherapeutics/Menarini (one exclusive single target license sublicensed from Amgen)

Roche, through its Genentech unit (five exclusive single-target licenses)

Sanofi (five fully-paid, exclusive single-target licenses)

Takeda, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (one exclusive single-target license)

Jazz Pharmaceuticals

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MacroGenics

There are no performance, cancellation, termination, or refund provisions in any of the arrangements that contain material financial consequences to the Company.

Development and Commercialization Licenses

The obligations under a development and commercialization license agreement generally include the license to the Company’s ADC technology with respect to a specified antigen target, and may also include obligations related to rights to future technological improvements and miscellaneous other activities to be performed on behalf of the collaborative partner.

 Generally, development and commercialization licenses contain non-refundable terms for payments and, depending on the terms of the agreement, provide that the Company will earn payments upon the achievement of certain milestones and royalty payments, generally until the later of the last applicable patent expiration or 10 to 12 years after product launch. Royalty rates may vary over the royalty term depending on the Company’s intellectual property rights and/or the presence of comparable competing products. In the case of Sanofi, its licenses are fully-paid and no further milestones or royalties will be received. In the case of Debiopharm, no royalties will be received. The Company may provide technology transfer services in connection with the out-licensing of product candidates initially developed by the Company at negotiated prices which are generally consistent with what other third parties would charge. The Company may also provide technical assistance and share any technology improvements with its collaborators during the term of the collaboration agreements. The Company does not directly control when or whether any collaborator will request research, achieve milestones, or become liable for royalty payments.

In determining the performance obligations, management evaluates whether the license is distinct, and has significant standalone functionality, from the undelivered elements to the collaborative partner based on the consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. Factors considered in this determination include the research capabilities of the partner and the availability of ADC technology research expertise in the general marketplace and whether technological improvements are required for the continued functionality of the license. If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license.

The Company estimates the selling prices of the license and all other performance obligations based on market conditions, similar arrangements entered into by third parties, and entity-specific factors such as the terms of the Company’s previous collaborative agreements, recent preclinical and clinical testing results of therapeutic products that use the Company’s ADC technology, the Company’s pricing practices and pricing objectives, the likelihood that technological improvements will be made, and, if made, will be used by the Company’s collaborators, and the nature of the other services to be performed on behalf of its collaborators and market rates for similar services.

The Company recognizes revenue related to other services as they are performed. The Company is compensated at negotiated rates that are consistent with what other third parties would charge. The Company records amounts received for services performed as a component of research and development support revenue.

The Company recognizes revenue related to the rights to future technological improvements over the estimated term of the applicable license.

The Company’s development and commercialization license agreements have milestone payments which for reporting purposes are aggregated into three categories: (i) development milestones, (ii) regulatory milestones, and (iii) sales milestones. Development milestones are typically payable when a product candidate initiates or advances into different clinical trial phases. Regulatory milestones are typically payable upon submission for marketing approval with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or other countries’ regulatory authorities or on receipt of actual marketing approvals for the compound or for additional indications. Sales milestones are typically payable when annual sales reach certain levels.

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At the inception of each arrangement that includes development and regulatory milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the achievement of each milestone specifically relates to the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service within a performance obligation. If the achievement of a milestone is considered a direct result of the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service and the receipt of the payment is based upon the achievement of the milestone, the associated milestone value is allocated to that distinct good or service. If the milestone payment is not specifically related to the Company’s effort to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service, the amount is allocated to all performance obligations using the relative standalone selling price method. In addition, the Company evaluates the milestone to determine whether the milestone is considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price to be allocated; otherwise, such amounts are considered constrained and excluded from the transaction price. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of such development or regulatory milestones and any related constraint and, if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the transaction price. Any such adjustments to the transaction price are allocated to the performance obligations on the same basis as at contract inception. Amounts allocated to a satisfied performance obligation shall be recognized as revenue, or as a reduction of revenue, in the period in which the transaction price changes.

For development and commercialization license agreements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied) in accordance with the royalty recognition constraint. Under the Company’s development and commercialization license agreements, except for the Sanofi and Debiopharm licenses, the Company receives royalty payments based upon its licensees’ net sales of covered products. Generally, under the development and commercialization agreements, the Company receives royalty reports and payments from its licensees approximately one quarter in arrears. The Company estimates the amount of royalty revenue to be recognized based on historical and forecasted sales and/or sales information from its licensees if available.

Collaboration and Option Agreements/Right-to-Test Agreements

The Company’s right-to-test agreements provide collaborators the right to test the Company’s ADC technology for a defined period of time through a research, or right-to-test, license. Under both right-to-test agreements and collaboration and option agreements, collaborators may (a) take options, for a defined period of time, to specified targets and (b) upon exercise of those options, secure or “take” licenses to develop and commercialize products for the specified targets on established terms. Under these agreements, fees may be due to the Company (i) at the inception of the arrangement (referred to as “upfront” fees or payments), (ii) upon the opt-in to acquire a development and commercialization license(s) (referred to as exercise fees or payments earned, if any, when the development and commercialization license is “taken”), (iii) at the collaborator’s request, after providing other services at negotiated prices, which are generally consistent with what other third parties would charge, or (iv) upon some combination of all of these fees.

The accounting for collaboration and option agreements and right-to-test agreements is dependent on the nature of the options granted to the collaborative partner. Options are considered distinct performance obligations if they provide a collaborator with a material right. Factors that are considered in evaluating whether options convey a material right include the overall objective of the arrangement, the benefit the collaborator might obtain from the agreement without exercising the options, the cost to exercise the options relative to the fair value of the licenses, and the additional financial commitments or economic penalties imposed on the collaborator as a result of exercising the options. As of March 31, 2020, all right-to-test agreements have expired.

If the Company concludes that an option provides the customer a material right, and therefore is a separate performance obligation, the Company then determines the estimated selling prices of the option and all other units of accounting using the following inputs: (a) estimated fair value of each program, (b) the amount the partner would pay to exercise the option to obtain the license, and (c) probability of exercise.

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The Company does not control when or if any collaborator will exercise its options for development and commercialization licenses. As a result, the Company cannot predict when or if it will recognize revenues in connection with any of the foregoing.

Upfront payments on development and commercialization licenses may be recognized upon delivery of the license if facts and circumstances dictate that the license has stand-alone functionality and is distinct from the undelivered elements.

In determining whether a collaboration and option agreement is within the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements, management evaluates the level of involvement of both companies in the development and commercialization of the products to determine if both parties are active participants and if both parties are exposed to risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of the licensed products. If the agreement is determined to be within the scope of ASC 808, the Company will segregate the research and development activities and the related cost sharing arrangement. Payments made by the Company for such activities will be recorded as research and development expense and reimbursements received from its partner will be recognized as an offset to research and development expense.

Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of contracts for which work has not been performed (or has been partially performed) and includes unexercised contract options that are considered material rights. As of March 31, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations comprising deferred revenue was $127.5 million. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 39% and 61% of the remaining performance obligations over the next 13 to 60 months and 61 to 120 months, respectively; however, it does not control when or if any collaborator will exercise its options for, or terminate existing development and commercialization licenses.

Contract Balances from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

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The Company recognized the following revenues as a result of changes in contract asset and contract liability balances in the respective periods (in thousands):

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During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded $200,000 as license and milestone fee revenue for delivery of certain materials to CytomX that had been previously deferred, and $83,000 of amortization related to numerous collaborators’ rights to technological improvements. Additionally, a contract asset of $2.7 million, net of a $0.3 million related contract liability, was recorded for a probable milestone in 2019 pursuant to a license agreement with CytomX, which was subsequently achieved and paid during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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A contract asset and related revenue of $500,000 was recorded for a probable milestone in 2018 pursuant to a license agreement with Fusion Pharmaceuticals, which was subsequently achieved and paid during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Also during the three months ended March 31, 2019, $65.2 million was recorded as deferred revenue as a result of a sale of the Company’s residual rights to receive royalty payments on commercial sales of Kadcyla^® (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) as discussed in Note E, and $79,000 of amortization of deferred revenue was recorded related to numerous collaborators’ rights to technological improvements.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit Risk

Cash and cash equivalents are primarily maintained with three financial institutions in the U.S. Deposits with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal risk. The Company’s cash equivalents consist of money market funds with underlying investments primarily being U.S. Government-issued securities and high quality, short term commercial paper. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. The Company held no marketable securities as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company’s investment policy, approved by the Board of Directors, limits the amount it may invest in any one type of investment, thereby reducing credit risk concentrations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid financial instruments with maturities of three months or less when purchased are considered cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company held $247.3 million and $176.2 million, respectively, in cash and money market funds, which were classified as cash and cash equivalents.

Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities

The Company had $250,000 of accrued capital expenditures as of March 31, 2020 which have been treated as a non-cash investing activity and, accordingly, are not reflected in the consolidated statement of cash flows. The Company had no accrued capital expenditures as of December 31, 2019.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined under ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a hierarchy to measure fair value which is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, as follows:

As of March 31, 2020, the Company held certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

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As of December 31, 2019, the Company held certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

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The fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents is based on quoted prices from active markets.

The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for accounts receivable, unbilled revenue, prepaid and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued compensation, and other accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The estimated fair value of the convertible 4.5% senior notes (the “Convertible Notes”) approximates the gross carrying value of $2.1 million as of March 31, 2020. The estimated fair value and gross carrying amount was $3.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019. The fair value of the Convertible Notes is influenced by interest rates, the Company’s stock price and stock price volatility, and by prices observed in trading activity for the Convertible Notes. However, because there have been no trades involving the Convertible Notes since January 2018, the fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 uses Level 3 inputs.

Unbilled Revenue/Reimbursement

Unbilled revenue/reimbursement substantially represents research funding earned based on actual resources utilized and external expenses incurred under certain of the Company’s collaboration agreements.

Clinical Trial Accruals

Clinical trial expenses are a significant component of research and development expenses, and the Company outsources a significant portion of these costs to third parties. Third party clinical trial expenses include investigator fees, site costs (patient costs), clinical research organization costs, and costs for central laboratory testing and data management. The accrual for site and patient costs includes inputs such as estimates of patient enrollment, patient cycles incurred, clinical site activations, and other pass-through costs. These inputs are required to be estimated due to a lag in receiving the actual clinical information from third parties. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as prepaid assets or accrued clinical trial costs. These third party agreements are generally cancelable, and related costs are recorded as research and development expenses as incurred. Non-refundable advance clinical payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future R&D activities are recorded as a prepaid asset and recognized as expense as the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. The Company also records accruals for estimated ongoing clinical research and development costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received, and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates may be made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the estimates made by the Company. The historical clinical accrual estimates made by the Company have not been materially different from the actual costs.

Leases

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842), the details of which are further discussed in Note H. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases include right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities (current and non-current), which are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Single payment capital leases for equipment that are considered finance leases are included in

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property and equipment in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As the single payment obligations have all been made, there is no related liability recorded.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. As a number of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate applicable to the Company based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. As the Company has no existing or proposed collateralized borrowing arrangements, to determine a reasonable incremental borrowing rate, the Company considers collateral assumptions, the lease term, the Company’s current credit risk profile, and rates for existing borrowing arrangements for comparable peer companies. The Company accounts for the lease and fixed non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Computation of Net Loss per Common Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. During periods of income, participating securities are allocated a proportional share of income determined by dividing total weighted average participating securities by the sum of the total weighted average common shares and participating securities (the “two-class method”). Shares of the Company’s restricted stock participate in any dividends that may be declared by the Company and are therefore considered to be participating securities. Participating securities have the effect of diluting both basic and diluted earnings per share during periods of income. During periods of loss, no loss is allocated to participating securities since they have no contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company. Diluted (loss) income per share is computed after giving consideration to the dilutive effect of stock options, convertible notes, and restricted stock that are outstanding during the period, except where such non-participating securities would be anti-dilutive.

The Company’s common stock equivalents, as calculated in accordance with the treasury-stock method for the options and unvested restricted stock and the if-converted method for the Convertible Notes, are shown in the following table (in thousands):

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The Company’s common stock equivalents have not been included in the net loss per share calculation because their effect is anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net loss position.

Stock-Based Compensation

As of March 31, 2020, the Company was authorized to grant future awards under three employee share-based compensation plans, which are the ImmunoGen, Inc. 2018 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the 2018 Plan), the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), and the ImmunoGen Inducement Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the Inducement Plan). At the annual meeting of shareholders on June 20, 2018, the 2018 Plan was approved and provides for the issuance of Stock Grants, the grant of Options, and the grant of Stock-Based Awards for up to 7,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, as well as up to 19,500,000 shares of common stock which represent awards granted under the previous stock option plans, the ImmunoGen, Inc. 2016 and 2006 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plans, that forfeit, expire, or cancel without delivery of shares of common stock or which resulted in the forfeiture of shares of common stock back to the Company subsequent to June 19, 2018. The Inducement Plan was approved the by Board of Directors in December 2019 to provide for the issuance of non-qualified option grants

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for up to 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Inducement Plan was amended in January 2020 and again in April 2020 to reduce the total number of shares reserved for issuance under the plan to 850,000 shares. Options awarded under the two plans are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. Options vest at various periods of up to four years and may be exercised within ten years of the date of grant.

The stock-based awards are accounted for under ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Pursuant to Topic 718, the estimated grant date fair value of awards is charged to the statement of operations and comprehensive loss over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Such amounts have been reduced by an estimate of forfeitures of all unvested awards. The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the weighted average assumptions noted in the following table. As the Company has not paid dividends since inception, nor does it expect to pay any dividends for the foreseeable future, the expected dividend yield assumption is zero. Expected volatility is based exclusively on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The expected term of stock options granted is based exclusively on historical data and represents the period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected term is calculated for and applied to one group of stock options as the Company does not expect substantially different exercise or post-vesting termination behavior among its option recipients. The risk-free rate of the stock options is based on the U.S. Treasury rate in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the stock options.

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Using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, the weighted average grant date fair values of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $3.23 and $3.46 per share, respectively.

A summary of option activity under the Company’s equity plans as of March 31, 2020, and changes during the three month period then ended is presented below (in thousands, except weighted-average data):

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In September 2018, the Company granted 295,200 performance stock options to certain employees that will vest in two equal installments upon the achievement of specified performance goals. At March 31, 2020, 139,100 of these options are still outstanding. In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company issued 2.4 million additional performance stock options that will vest in four installments upon the achievement of specified performance goals. The Company determined it is not currently probable that these performance goals will be achieved and, therefore, no expense has been recorded to date. The fair value of the performance-based options that could be expensed in future periods, net of estimated forfeitures, is $12.0 million.

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A summary of restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity, inclusive of performance-based restricted stock awards, under the Company’s equity plans as of March 31, 2020 and changes during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 is presented below (in thousands):

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In 2016, 2017, and 2019, the Company granted shares of performance-based restricted common stock to certain employees of the Company. All but 57,400 of these granted shares have since been forfeited. The restrictions on these shares will lapse in three equal installments upon the achievement of specified performance goals. The Company determined it is not currently probable that these performance goals will be achieved and, therefore, no expense has been recorded to date. The fair value of the performance-based shares that could be expensed in future periods, net of estimated forfeitures, is $142,000.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, holders of options issued under the Company’s equity plans exercised their rights to acquire an aggregate of approximately 86,000 shares of common stock at prices ranging from $2.47 to $4.00 per share. The total proceeds to the Company from these option exercises were $240,000.

In June 2018, the Company's Board of Directors, with shareholder approval, adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP. An aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under the ESPP. No shares were issued to participating employees during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019. The fair value of each ESPP award is estimated on the first day of the offering period using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense equal to the fair value of the ESPP awards on a straight-line basis over the offering period.

Stock compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock awards granted under the stock plans and related to the ESPP was $3.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to stock compensation expense of $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The decrease in expense is primarily due to a lower fair value of awards vesting in the current period compared to the prior year period as a result of the restructuring last year and a decline in the Company’s stock price. Stock compensation expense related to the ESPP was $78,000 and $197,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the estimated fair value of unvested employee awards, exclusive of performance awards, was $24.3 million, net of estimated forfeitures. The weighted-average remaining vesting period for these awards is approximately three years.

Segment Information

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company continued to operate in one operating segment, which is the business of development of monoclonal antibody-based anticancer therapeutics.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, 98% and 99% of revenues, respectively, were from Roche, consisting of non-cash royalty revenue. There were no other customers of the Company with significant revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606, which clarifies that certain transactions between participants in a collaborative arrangement should be accounted for under ASC 606 when the counterparty is a customer. In addition, ASU 2018-18 adds unit-of-account guidance to ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, in order to align this guidance with ASC 606 and also precludes an entity from presenting consideration from a transaction in a collaborative arrangement as revenue from contracts with customers if the counterparty is not a customer for that transaction. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2020, and it did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, to require financial assets carried at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected based on historical experience, current conditions, and forecasts. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Adoption of the ASU is on a modified retrospective basis. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2020, and it did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

No other recently issued or effective ASUs had, or are expected to have, a material effect on the Company's results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

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C.Agreements

Significant Collaborative Agreements

Roche

In May 2000, the Company granted Genentech, now a member of the Roche Group, an exclusive license to use the Company’s maytansinoid ADC technology. Pursuant to this agreement, Roche developed and received marketing approval for its HER2-targeting ADC compound, Kadcyla, in the U.S., Europe, Japan, and numerous other countries. The Company receives royalty reports and royalty payments related to sales of Kadcyla from Roche one quarter in arrears. In accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy, $13.0 million and $8.5 million of non-cash royalties on net sales of Kadcyla were recorded and included in non-cash royalty revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Kadcyla sales occurring after January 1, 2015 were covered by a royalty purchase agreement whereby the associated cash, except for a residual tail, was remitted to Immunity Royalty Holdings, L.P, or IRH. In January 2019, the Company sold its residual tail to OMERS, the defined benefit pension plan for municipal employees in the Province of Ontario, Canada, for a net payment of $65.2 million, as discussed further in Note E. Simultaneously, OMERS purchased IRH’s right to the royalties the Company previously sold as described above, therefore obtaining the rights to 100% of the royalties received from that date on.

CytomX

In 2016, the Company granted CytomX an exclusive development and commercialization license to the Company’s maytansinoid ADC technology for use with Probodies™ that target CD166 under a now expired reciprocal right-to-test agreement. Pursuant to the license agreement, the Company is entitled to receive up to a total of $160.0 million in milestone payments plus royalties on the commercial sales of any resulting product. The total milestones are categorized as follows: development milestones—$10.0 million; regulatory milestones—$50.0 million; and sales milestones—$100.0 million. In December 2019, a development milestone related to dosing of a first patient in a Phase 2 clinical trial became probable of being attained, which resulted in $3.0 million of license and milestone fee revenue being recorded in 2019. In February 2020, CytomX enrolled its first patient in the aforementioned Phase 2 clinical trial, and subsequently remitted the $3.0 million milestone payment to the Company in March 2020. CytomX is responsible for the manufacturing, development, and marketing of any products resulting from the development and commercialization license taken by CytomX under this collaboration.

For additional information related to this agreement, as well as the Company’s other significant collaborative agreements, please read Note C, Agreements, to the consolidated financial statements included within the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2020.

D.Convertible 4.5% Senior Notes

In 2016, the Company issued Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $100 million, of which $2.1 million remains outstanding as of March 31, 2020. The Convertible Notes are governed by the terms of an indenture between the Company, as issuer, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as the trustee. The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 4.5% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, commencing on January 1, 2017. The Company recorded $24,000 of interest expense in each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Convertible Notes will mature on July 1, 2021, unless earlier repurchased or converted. Holders may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the stated maturity date. Upon conversion, the Company will deliver for each $1,000 principal amount of converted notes a number of shares equal to the conversion rate, which will initially be 238.7775 shares of common stock, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $4.19. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some circumstances, but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest.

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In 2015, IRH purchased the right to receive 100% of the royalty payments on commercial sales of Kadcyla subsequent to December 31, 2014, arising under the Company’s development and commercialization license with Genentech, until IRH had received aggregate royalties equal to $235 million or $260 million, depending on when the aggregate royalties received by IRH reach a specified milestone. Once the applicable threshold was met, if ever, the Company would thereafter have received 85% and IRH would have received 15% of the Kadcyla royalties for the remaining royalty term. At consummation of the transaction, the Company received cash proceeds of $200 million. As part of this sale, the Company incurred $5.9 million of transaction costs, which are presented net of the liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the royalty purchase agreement. Although the Company sold its rights to receive royalties from the sales of Kadcyla, as a result of its then ongoing involvement in the cash flows related to these royalties, the Company continues to account for these royalties as revenue and recorded the $200 million in proceeds from this transaction as a liability related to sale of future royalties (Royalty Obligation) that will be amortized using the interest method over the estimated life of the royalty purchase agreement.

In January 2019, the Company sold its residual rights to receive royalty payments on commercial sales of Kadcyla to OMERS, the defined benefit pension plan for municipal employees in the Province of Ontario, Canada, for a net payment of $65.2 million (amount is net of $1.5 million in contingent broker fees). Simultaneously, OMERS purchased IRH’s right to the royalties the Company previously sold as described above, therefore obtaining the rights to 100% of the royalties received from that date on. Because the Company will not be involved with the cash flows related to the residual royalties, the $65.2 million of net proceeds received from the sale of its residual rights to receive royalty payments was recorded as long-term deferred revenue and will be amortized as the cash related to the residual rights is received using the units of revenue approach. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company did not receive any royalties related to the residual rights, therefore, no revenue from this sale was recognized. Additionally, the purchase of IRH’s interest by OMERS did not result in an extinguishment or modification of the original instrument and, accordingly, the Company will continue to account for the remaining obligation as a liability as outlined above.

The following table shows the activity within the liability account during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

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As royalties are remitted to IRH and subsequently OMERS, the balance of the Royalty Obligation will be effectively repaid over the life of the agreement. In order to determine the amortization of the Royalty Obligation, the Company is required to estimate the total amount of future royalty payments to be received and remitted as noted above over the life of the underlying license agreement with Genentech covering Kadcyla. The sum of these amounts less the $200 million proceeds the Company received will be recorded as interest expense over the life of the Royalty Obligation. Since inception, the Company’s estimate of this total interest expense results in an effective annual interest rate of 10.1%, and a current effective interest rate of 17.7% as of March 31, 2020. The Company periodically assesses the estimated royalty payments to IRH/OMERS and to the extent such payments are greater or less than its initial estimates, or the timing of such payments is materially different than its original estimates, the Company will prospectively adjust the amortization of the Royalty Obligation. There are a number of factors that could materially affect the amount and timing of royalty payments from Genentech, most of which are not within the Company’s control. Such factors include, but are not limited to, changing standards of care, the introduction of competing products, manufacturing or other delays, biosimilar competition, patent protection, adverse events that result in governmental health authority imposed restrictions on the use of the drug products, significant changes in foreign exchange rates as the royalties are paid in U.S. dollars (USD) while significant portions of the underlying sales of Kadcyla are made in currencies other than USD, and other events or circumstances that could result in reduced royalty payments from Kadcyla, all of which would result in a reduction of non-cash royalty revenues and the non-cash interest expense over the life of the Royalty Obligation.

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Conversely, if sales of Kadcyla are more than expected, the non-cash royalty revenues and the non-cash interest expense recorded by the Company would be greater over the term of the Royalty Obligation.

In addition, the royalty purchase agreement grants IRH/OMERS the right to receive certain reports and other information relating to the royalties and contains other representations and warranties, covenants, and indemnification obligations that are customary for a transaction of this nature.

Compensation Policy for Non-Employee Directors

Pursuant to the Compensation Policy for Non-Employee Directors, Non-Employee Directors are granted deferred share units for their annual retainers which vest quarterly over approximately one year from the date of grant, contingent upon the individual remaining a director of ImmunoGen as of each vesting date. The number of deferred share units awarded is fixed per the plan on the date of the award. All unvested deferred share units will automatically vest immediately prior to the occurrence of a change of control. The redemption amount of deferred share units issued will be paid in shares of common stock of the Company on the date a director ceases to be a member of the Board.

In addition to the deferred share units, the Non-Employee Directors are also entitled to receive a fixed number of stock options on the date of the annual meeting of shareholders. These options vest quarterly over approximately one year from the date of grant. Any new directors will receive a pro-rated award, depending on their date of election to the Board. The directors received a total of 108,000 and 128,000 options in June 2019 and 2018, respectively, and the related compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is included in the amounts discussed in the “Stock-Based Compensation” section of Note B above.

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G.Restructuring Charge

2019 Corporate Restructuring

On June 26, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a plan to restructure the business to focus resources on continued development of mirvetuximab soravtansine and a select portfolio of three earlier-stage product candidates, resulting in a significant reduction of the Company’s workforce, with a majority of these employees separating from the business by mid-July 2019 and most of the remaining affected employees transitioning over varying periods of time of up to 12 months. Communication of the plan to the affected employees was substantially completed on June 27, 2019.

As a result of the workforce reduction, during the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a $16.0 million charge for severance related to a pre-existing plan in accordance with ASC 712, Compensation-Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits, as such amounts were probable and reasonably estimable. The estimate was later reduced during 2019 to $15.4 million due to minor adjustments to the plan. The related cash payments will be substantially paid out by June 30, 2020. In addition, an anticipated charge of $4.0 million is expected to be incurred for incremental retention benefits over the same time period, of which $2.1 million was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2019 and $0.8 million was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

A summary of activity against the corporate restructuring charge related to the employee terminations in 2019 is as follows:

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In addition to the termination benefits and other related charges, the Company is seeking to sub-lease the majority of the laboratory and office space at 830 Winter Street in Waltham, Massachusetts. The financial impact of these efforts is dependent on the length of time it takes to find tenants and the terms of the sub-leases. The decision to vacate part of its corporate office resulted in a change in asset groupings and also represented an impairment indicator. The

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Company determined and continues to believe that the right-of-use asset and leasehold improvements are recoverable based on expected sub-lease income, and therefore, no impairment has been recorded.

Charge Related to Unoccupied Office Space

The Company has sought to sub-lease 10,281 square feet of unoccupied office space at 930 Winter Street in Waltham, Massachusetts that was leased in 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a $559,000 impairment charge related to this lease, which represented the remaining balance of the right to use asset as the likelihood of finding a sub-lessor had diminished significantly as the lease approached termination.

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The Company currently has two real estate leases. The first is an agreement with CRP/King 830 Winter L.L.C. for the rental of approximately 120,000 square feet of laboratory and office space at 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA through March 2026. The Company uses this space for its corporate headquarters and other operations. The Company may extend the lease for two additional terms of five years and is required to pay certain operating expenses for the leased premises subject to escalation charges for certain expense increases over a base amount. The Company is actively seeking to sub-lease approximately 80,000 square feet of this space and, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, executed two subleases for approximately 33,000 square feet through the remaining initial term of the lease. The second real estate lease is an agreement with PDM 930 Unit, LLC for the rental of 10,281 square feet of additional office space at 930 Winter Street, Waltham, MA through August 31, 2021. The Company is required to pay certain operating expenses for the leased premises based on its pro-rata share of such expenses for the entire rentable space of the building. The Company is actively seeking to sub-lease this space.

Upon adoption of ASC 842 in January 2019, a ROU asset of $17.6 million and a lease liability of $27.3 million were recorded and are identified separately in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for the existing operating leases. There was no impact to the consolidated statements of operations. Upon adoption, the amount of the ROU assets recorded was offset by the applicable unamortized lease incentive and straight-line lease liability balances of $9.7 million and, therefore, there was no impact to accumulated deficit. There were no initial direct costs related to the leases to consider. The Company’s operating lease liabilities related to its real estate lease agreements were calculated using a collateralized incremental borrowing rate. The weighted average discount rate for the operating lease liability is approximately 11%. A 100 basis point change in the incremental borrowing rate would result in less than a $1 million impact to the ROU assets and liabilities recorded. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and is included in operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded $559,000 of impairment charges related to its 930 Winter Street lease, which represented the remaining balance of the ROU asset as the likelihood of finding a sub-lessor had diminished significantly as the lease approached termination. Cash paid against operating lease liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s ROU asset and lease liability for operating leases totaled $15.2 million and $24.1 million, respectively, and the weighted average remaining term of the operating leases is approximately six years.

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The maturities of operating lease liabilities discussed above are as follows (in thousands):

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In addition to the amounts in the table above, the Company is also responsible for variable operating costs and real estate taxes that are expected to approximate $3.1 million per year through March 2026.

Sublease Income

In January, March, and April 2020, the Company executed three agreements to sublease a total of 47,160 square feet of the Company’s leased space at 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA through March 2026. Two of the three sublease agreements include an early termination option after certain periods of time for an agreed-upon fee. Assuming no early termination option is exercised, the Company will receive approximately $13 million in minimum rental payments over the remaining term of the sublease, which is not included in the operating lease liability table above. The sublessees will also be responsible for their proportionate share of variable operating expenses and real estate taxes.

I.         Commitments and Contingencies

Manufacturing Commitments

In 2018, the Company executed a commercial agreement with one of its manufacturers for the future production of antibody through calendar 2025. In May 2019, the agreement was amended to reduce the number of committed antibody batches for an agreed-upon exit fee, which was recorded as research and development expense in the first quarter of 2019. After further negotiations, the Company’s noncancelable commitment for future production is approximately €9 million at March 31, 2020.

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ITEM 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial information and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on March 11, 2020.

OVERVIEW

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on developing the next generation of ADCs to improve outcomes for cancer patients. By generating targeted therapies with enhanced anti-tumor activity and favorable tolerability profiles, we aim to disrupt the progression of cancer and offer patients more good days. We call this our commitment to ‘‘target a better now.’’

An ADC with our proprietary technology comprises an antibody that binds to a target found on tumor cells and is conjugated to one of our potent anti-cancer agents as a ‘‘payload’’ to kill the tumor cell once the ADC has bound to its target. ADCs are an expanding approach to the treatment of cancer, with eight approved products and the number of agents in development growing significantly in recent years.

We have established a leadership position in ADCs with a portfolio of differentiated product candidates to address both solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

Managing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the first quarter of 2020, we moved forward with our clinical studies, while adapting to meet the evolving challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the benefit of early indications of the impact of COVID-19 in the Boston area, we implemented business continuity plans in the first half of March 2020, which allowed our organization to effectively transition to working from home. Since then, we have worked closely with our external partners to monitor progress across our studies and respond to new developments as they arise. From a manufacturing and supply chain perspective, we entered the year with ample drug product and believe we have sufficient inventory on hand for all of our ongoing mirvetuximab monotherapy and combination trials, IMGN632 expansion studies, and to support the planned Phase 1 study for IMGC936. Furthermore, our supply partners have taken prospective measures that we believe will ensure our currently activated study sites have sufficient safety stock of drug product to weather any disruptions in transportation. In addition, from a regulatory perspective, we have received timely reviews of our submissions to the FDA and other health authorities covering our clinical trial applications.

With regard to our clinical trials, we have not encountered significant issues with any of our studies to date given the high unmet medical need across our patient populations. We continue to monitor trial progress on a global scale and maintain close contact with our clinical research partners, study sites, and internal review boards to ensure enrollment, activation, and data collection are proceeding in accordance with good clinical practice.

Our Business

Our lead program is mirvetuximab soravtansine, a first-in-class investigational ADC targeting FRα, a cell-surface protein overexpressed in a number of epithelial tumors, including ovarian, endometrial, and non-small-cell lung cancers. In March 2019, we announced that FORWARD I, our Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating mirvetuximab compared to chemotherapy in women with FRα-positive platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer, which we refer to collectively as PROC, did not meet the primary endpoint in either the entire treatment population or the pre-specified high FRα expression population. Data from FORWARD I did, however, show promising efficacy signals across a range of parameters in the pre-specified subset of patients with high FRα expression. In post hoc exploratory analyses using a PS2+ scoring method, in the FRα-high population scored by the PS2+ method, mirvetuximab was associated with longer progression free survival, or PFS, by blinded independent review committee, or BIRC, higher overall response rate, or ORR, and longer overall survival, or OS.

Following consultation with the FDA, we will concurrently enroll two new trials of mirvetuximab: SORAYA, a single-arm clinical trial that, if successful, could lead to accelerated approval of mirvetuximab; and MIRASOL, a randomized Phase 3 clinical trial that, if successful, could lead to full approval of mirvetuximab. We have opened both studies and expect to report top-line data from SORAYA in mid-2021 and top-line data from MIRASOL in the first half of 2022. If SORAYA is successful, we expect to submit an application for accelerated approval of mirvetuximab in the

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applicable patient population to the FDA during the second half of 2021 and to thereafter seek full approval on the basis of a confirmatory Phase 3 trial, MIRASOL.

We undertook a review of our operations during the second quarter of 2019 with the goals of prioritizing our portfolio and reducing our cost base to ensure that our cash resources will be sufficient to advance certain of our programs through the next stages of development. Based on the outcome of this operational review and subsequent consultation with the FDA, we have established three strategic priorities for the business: (i) execute SORAYA and MIRASOL and pursue the development of additional indications for mirvetuximab in ovarian cancer; (ii) advance a select portfolio of three earlier-stage product candidates; and (iii) further strengthen our balance sheet and expand our capabilities through partnering. Consistent with these priorities, we have focused our operations on the following activities:

As part of our ongoing development efforts, we have developed a new class of cytotoxic payloads that we refer to as IGNs. Our IGNs are designed to alkylate DNA without cross-linking, which has provided a broad therapeutic index in preclinical models. Specifically, IGN ADCs have retained the anti-tumor potency of crosslinking drugs with less toxicity to normal cells in in vitro and animal models. These properties have allowed for repeat administration of ADCs with IGN payloads in clinical studies and as supported by preclinical data, suggest that ADCs with IGN payloads may be able to be added to other agents in combination regimens.

IMGN632 is an investigational ADC comprised of a high affinity antibody designed to target CD123 with site specific conjugation to our most potent IGN payload. We are advancing IMGN632 in clinical trials for patients with AML and BPDCN. We presented data from our Phase 1 clinical trial of IMGN632 in patients with relapsed or refractory adult AML and BPDCN at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology in December of 2019. We have also determined a Phase 2 dose and schedule for IMGN632 and have initiated a clinical trial with combinations in AML as well as monotherapy in front-line patients with minimal residual disease following induction therapy. In addition, we are pursuing an expansion cohort in BPDCN patients under our initial protocol.

We continue to advance select preclinical programs, led by IMGC936. IMGC936 is an investigational ADC in co-development with MacroGenics designed to target ADAM9, an enzyme overexpressed in a range of solid tumors and implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. This ADC incorporates a number of innovations, including antibody engineering to extend half-life, site-specific conjugation with a fixed drug-antibody ratio to enable higher dosing, and a next-generation linker and payload for improved stability and bystander activity. We reported encouraging preclinical safety and activity data from this program at the AACR meeting in 2019 and expect an IND for IMGC936 will be submitted to the FDA in the second quarter of 2020. Finally, we expect our next generation anti-folate receptor alpha candidate, IMGN151, to move into preclinical development in 2020.

Collaborating on ADC development with other companies allows us to generate revenue, mitigate expenses, enhance our capabilities, and extend the reach of our proprietary platform. The most advanced partner program is Roche’s marketed product, Kadcyla^®. Our ADC technology is also used in candidates in clinical development with a number of partners. We have evolved our partnering approach to pursue relationships where we can gain access to technology and complementary capabilities, such as our technology swap with CytomX, as well as co-development and co-commercialization opportunities, such as our relationships with Jazz and MacroGenics. In addition, following our restructuring in 2019, we seek to monetize our remaining portfolio and platform technologies through out-licensing

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transactions or asset sales. To this end, in December 2019, we granted an exclusive development and commercialization license to CytomX to our cytotoxic payload technology for use with antibodies (and Probodies™ developed therefrom) directed to EpCAM, including certain of our proprietary anti-EpCAM antibodies developed into Probodies utilizing CytomX’s Probody technology, in return for which we received an upfront payment from CytomX with the potential for additional payments following CytomX’s successful achievement of pre-defined clinical development, approval, and commercialization milestones, as well as royalties on net sales.

We expect that substantially all of our revenue for the foreseeable future will result from payments under our collaborative arrangements. For more information concerning these relationships, including their ongoing financial and accounting impact on our business, please read Note C, “Significant Collaborative Agreements,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2020.

To date, we have not generated revenues from commercial sales of internal products and we expect to continue to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future. As of March 31, 2020, we had $247.3 million in cash and cash equivalents compared to $176.2 million as of December 31, 2019.

In January 2020, we announced the closing of a public offering of 24.5 million shares of common stock at a price of $4.25 per share. We received net proceeds from the offering of $97.7 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds of the offering, together with our existing capital, to fund our operations, including, but not limited to, clinical trial activities, supply of drug substance and drug product, pre-commercialization activities, capital expenditures, and working capital.

Critical Accounting Policies

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to our collaborative agreements, clinical trial accruals, and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Three Months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

Revenues

Our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $13.3 million and $8.6 million, respectively. The $4.7 million increase in revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2020 from the same period in the prior year is attributable to an increase in non-cash royalty revenue, which is discussed further below.

License and Milestone Fees

The amount of license and milestone fees we earn is directly related to the number of our collaborators, the advancement of product candidates covered by the agreements with our collaborators, and the overall success in the clinical trials of these product candidates. As such, the amount of license and milestone fees may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. License and milestone fee revenue was $283,000 and $79,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Deferred revenue of $127.5 million as of March 31, 2020 includes $60.5 million remaining from an upfront payment related to the license options granted to Jazz in August 2017 and $65.2 million related to the sale of our residual rights to receive royalty payments on commercial sales of Kadcyla, with the remainder of the balance primarily representing consideration received from our collaborators pursuant to our license agreements which we have yet to earn pursuant to our revenue recognition policy.

Non-cash Royalty Revenue Related to the Sale of Future Royalties

Kadcyla is an ADC marketed product resulting from one of our development and commercialization licenses with Roche, through its Genentech unit. We receive royalty reports and payments related to sales of Kadcyla from Roche one quarter in arrears. In accordance with our revenue recognition policy we recorded $13.0 million and $8.5 million of

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non-cash royalties on net sales of Kadcyla for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in 2020 compared to 2019 is a result of an increase in royalty payments driven by an increase in net sales of Kadcyla, due to market expansion of Kadcyla and approval of Kadcyla for a second indication in 2019. Kadcyla sales occurring after January 1, 2015 are covered by a royalty purchase agreement whereby the associated cash was remitted to Immunity Royalty Holdings, L.P., or IRH, subject to a residual cap. In January 2019, we sold our residual rights to receive royalty payments on commercial sales of Kadcyla to OMERS, the defined benefit pension plan for municipal employees in the Province of Ontario, Canada, for $65.2 million, net of $1.5 million of fees. Simultaneously, OMERS purchased IRH’s right to the royalties the Company previously sold as described above, thereby obtaining the rights to 100% of the royalties received from that date on. See further details regarding the royalty obligation in Note E, “Liability Related to Sale of Future Royalties,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses relate to (i) research to evaluate new targets and to develop and evaluate new antibodies, linkers, and cytotoxic agents, (ii) preclinical testing of product candidates and the cost of clinical trials, (iii) development related to clinical and commercial manufacturing processes, and (iv) external manufacturing operations.

Research and development expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $11.5 million to $27.4 million from $38.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, due primarily to lower personnel expenses, lower allocation of facility-related expenses, and lower third-party research expenses resulting from the restructuring of the business at the end of the second quarter of 2019. Partially offsetting these decreases, clinical trial expenses increased in the current quarter as compared to the same period in 2019 driven by costs incurred related to advancing the MIRASOL, SORAYA, and IMGN632 combination therapy studies. We do not track our research and development costs by project. Since we use our research and development resources across multiple research and development projects, we manage our research and development expenses within each of the categories listed in the following table and described in more detail below (in thousands):

Research

Research includes expenses primarily associated with activities to identify and evaluate new targets and to develop and evaluate new antibodies, linkers, and cytotoxic agents for our products and in support of our collaborators. Such expenses primarily include personnel, contract services, facility expenses, and laboratory supplies. There were no research expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as a result of the restructuring of the business at the end of the second quarter of 2019.

Preclinical and Clinical Testing

Preclinical and clinical testing includes expenses related to preclinical testing of our product candidates, regulatory activities, and the cost of clinical trials. Such expenses include personnel, patient enrollment at our clinical testing sites, consultant fees, contract services, and facility expenses. Preclinical and clinical testing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $844,000 to $20.3 million compared to $21.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This decrease is primarily the result of lower personnel, administrative, laboratory, and allocated facility expenses resulting from the restructuring of the business and lower costs incurred in the current period as compared to the 2019 period related to our FORWARD I and FORWARD II studies. Partially offsetting these decreases, clinical trial costs increased driven by costs incurred related to advancing the MIRASOL, SORAYA, and IMGN632 combination therapy studies.

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Process and Product Development

Process and product development expenses include costs for development of clinical and commercial manufacturing processes for our compounds. Such expenses include the costs of personnel, contract services, laboratory supplies, and facility expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, total process and product development expenses decreased $1.8 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This decrease is principally due to a decrease in personnel expenses, laboratory supplies, and allocated facility expenses as a result of the restructuring of the business.

Manufacturing Operations

Manufacturing operations expense includes costs to have preclinical and clinical materials manufactured for our product candidates and quality control and quality assurance activities. Such expenses include personnel, raw materials for our preclinical studies and clinical trials, non-pivotal and pivotal development costs with contract manufacturing organizations, and allocated facility expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, manufacturing operations expense decreased $2.5 million to $6.0 million compared to $8.5 million in the same period last year. This decrease is principally the result of lower costs driven by activity to support commercial validation of mirvetuximab in the prior year period, and lower personnel and facility-related expenses resulting from the shut-down of our manufacturing facility in February 2019 and the restructuring of the business at the end of the second quarter of 2019.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased $1.9 million compared to the same period last year due primarily to a decrease in personnel and administrative expenses, as well as a gain on sale of laboratory equipment, resulting from the recent restructuring, partially offset by a higher allocation of facility-related expenses for excess laboratory and office space.

Restructuring Charges

2019 Corporate Restructuring

On June 26, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a plan to restructure the business to focus resources on continued development of mirvetuximab and a select portfolio of three earlier-stage product candidates, resulting in a significant reduction of our workforce, with a majority of these employees separating from the business by mid-July 2019 and most of the remaining affected employees transitioning over varying periods of time of up to 12 months. Communication of the plan to the affected employees was substantially completed on June 27, 2019.

As a result of the workforce reduction, we recorded a charge of $16.0 million for severance related to a pre-existing plan in June 2019, which has been subsequently reduced to $15.4 million due to minor adjustments to the plan. The related cash payments will be substantially paid out by June 30, 2020. In addition, a charge of $4.0 million is expected to be recorded for incremental retention benefits in the same time period, of which approximately $0.8 million was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Charge Related to Unoccupied Office Space

We have sought to sub-lease 10,281 square feet of unoccupied office space in Waltham that was leased in 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded a $559,000 impairment charge related to this lease, which represented the remaining balance of the right to use asset as the likelihood of finding a sub-lessor had diminished significantly as the lease approached termination.

Investment Income, net

Investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $646,000 and $1.4 million, respectively. The decrease in the current period is due to a lower average cash balance in the current period and a decrease in interest rates.

Non-Cash Interest Expense on Liability Related to Sale of Future Royalty

In 2015, IRH purchased our right to receive 100% of the royalty payments on commercial sales of Kadcyla arising under our development and commercialization license with Genentech, subject to a residual cap. In January 2019, OMERS purchased IRH’s right to the royalties the Company previously sold as described above. As described in Note E,

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“Liability Related to Sale of Future Royalties,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report, this royalty sale transaction has been recorded as a liability that amortizes over the estimated royalty payment period as Kadcyla royalties are remitted directly to the purchaser. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded $5.7 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of non-cash interest expense which includes amortization of deferred financing costs. The increase in 2020 compared to 2019 is a result of an increase in royalty payments driven by an increase in net sales of Kadcyla, as well as a greater effective interest rate driven by greater projected royalty payments, due to market expansion of Kadcyla and approval of Kadcyla for a second indication in 2019. We impute interest on the transaction and record interest expense at the effective interest rate, which we currently estimate to be 17.7%. There are a number of factors that could materially affect the estimated interest rate, in particular, the amount and timing of royalty payments from future net sales of Kadcyla, and we will assess this estimate on a periodic basis. As a result, future interest rates could differ significantly and any such change in interest rate will be adjusted prospectively.

Other Expense, net

Other expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $198,000 and $71,000, respectively. These amounts were substantially foreign currency exchange losses related to obligations with non-U.S. dollar-based suppliers and Euro cash balances maintained to fulfill those obligations during the respective periods.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The tables below summarize our cash and cash equivalents, working capital, and shareholders’ deficit as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and cash flow activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 as follows (in thousands):

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