Installed Building Products, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2016 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

OR

For the Transition Period From            To           

Commission File Number: 001-36307

Installed Building Products, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(614) 221-3399

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒     No  ☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b−2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

On October 31, 2016, the registrant had 31,485,525 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

1

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

2

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

3

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

4

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION

Installed Building Products, Inc. (“IBP”), a Delaware corporation formed on October 28, 2011, and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company” and “we”, “us” and “our”) primarily install insulation, garage doors, rain gutters, shower doors, closet shelving and mirrors, and other products for residential and commercial builders located in the continental United States. IBP operates in over 100 locations within the continental United States and its corporate office is located in Columbus, Ohio.

We have one operating segment and a single reportable segment. Substantially all of our sales come from service-based installation of various products in the residential new construction and repair and remodel and commercial construction end markets. Each of our branches has the capacity to serve all of our end markets. The following table sets forth the percentage of our net revenue by end market:

NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all of our wholly owned subsidiaries and majority owned subsidiaries. The non-controlling interest relating to majority owned subsidiaries is not significant for presentation. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The information furnished in the condensed consolidated financial statements includes normal recurring adjustments and reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and statements of financial position for the interim periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. We believe that the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading when read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 (the “2015 Form 10-K”), as filed with the SEC on March 9, 2016. The December 31, 2015 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

Our interim operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in future operating quarters. See Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2015 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2016 for additional information regarding risk factors that may impact our results.

Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our 2015 Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and estimates used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements. There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies or estimates during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, valuation of the reporting unit, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, share-based compensation, reserves for general liability, and workers’ compensation and medical insurances. Management believes the accounting estimates are appropriate and reasonably determined; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making these estimates, actual amounts could differ from such estimates.

5

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $0.8 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and $0.6 million and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and is included in selling expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” Under this ASU, we present debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a reduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of such costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we retrospectively adopted ASU 2015-03, which resulted in a reclassification of $0.5 million of debt issuance costs related to our long-term debt from other non-current assets to long-term debt as of December 31, 2015.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, “Intangibles–Goodwill and Other–Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement.” This update provides criteria for customers in a cloud computing arrangement to determine whether the arrangement includes a license of software. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016 and have determined this ASU did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. 

In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15, “Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30).” This ASU amends ASU 2015-03 regarding the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line of credit arrangements. Specifically, it provides guidance for deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line of credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line of credit arrangement. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016 and have determined this ASU did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. After applying the new guidance, deferred debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $1.3 million and $0.6 million as September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805).” This ASU requires an acquirer to retrospectively adjust provisional amounts recognized in a business combination during the measurement period. To simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts, the amendments in this update require that the acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amount is determined. The acquirer is required to also record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. In addition, an entity is required to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes to the financial statements the portion of the amount recorded in current period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. For public business entities, this update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. While previous adjustments to provisional amounts did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements, it is possible that future adjustments made during measurement periods to recently acquired entities or entities acquired in the future could have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718).” This update amends the accounting for forfeitures, employer tax withholding on share-based compensation and the financial statement presentation of excess tax benefits or deficiencies. This ASU also clarifies the statement of cash flows presentation for certain components of share-based awards. As early adoption is permitted, we adopted this standard effective January 1, 2016 and have concluded that it did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Under ASU 2016-09, we classify the excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements as a discrete item within income tax expense, rather than recognizing such excess income tax benefits in additional paid-in capital. Excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements are classified as an operating activity rather than as a financing activity. In addition, when we withhold shares from an employee’s vesting of common stock awards to fund payment by us of the employee’s taxes, the payment is classified as a financing activity. We have elected to continue to estimate the forfeitures expected to occur to determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized in each period.

6

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” ASU 2014-09 sets forth a new revenue recognition model that requires identifying the contract(s) with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognizing the revenue upon satisfaction of performance obligations. In July 2015, the FASB voted to defer the application of the provisions of this standard for public companies until annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. We are still evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330).” This update requires an entity to measure inventory within the scope of the update at the lower of cost and net realizable value. For public business entities, this update is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are still evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This update amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. ASU 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. For public business entities, this update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted as of the standard’s issuance date. We are still evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-06, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments.” This ASU clarifies the requirement for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts. An entity performing the assessment under this amendment is required to assess the embedded call (put) options solely in accordance with the four-step decision sequence. Consequently, when a call (put) option is contingently exercisable, an entity does not have to assess whether the event that triggers the ability to exercise a call (put) option is related to interest rates or credit risks. For public business entities, this update is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are still evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” which provides supplemental adoption guidance and clarification to ASU 2014-09. ASU 2016-10 must be adopted concurrently with the adoption of ASU 2014-09. We are still evaluating whether the future adoption of these pronouncements will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-11, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates 2014-09 and 2014-16 pursuant to Staff announcements at the March 3, 2016 EITF Meeting” This ASU rescinds from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification certain SEC paragraphs as a result of two SEC Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 meeting. For public entities, the amendments related to Topic 605 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and amendments related to Topic 815 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. We are still evaluating whether the portion of this ASU related to Topic 605 will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements but have concluded that the portion of this ASU related to Topic 815 is not applicable and, therefore, did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.” The amendments in this ASU provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU 2014-09. This ASU provides clarification to Topic 606 on how to assess collectability, present sales tax, treat noncash consideration, and account for completed and modified contracts at the time of transition. The amendment also clarifies that an entity retrospectively applying the guidance in Topic 606 is not required to disclose the effect of the accounting change in the period of adoption. The effective date and transition requirements for these amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09, which is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. We are still evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. In addition, these amendments require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets, including trade accounts receivable, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For public business entities, this update is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are still evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows: Clarification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230).” This ASU addresses the diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows by adding or clarifying guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. For public business entities, this update is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are still evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory.” This ASU aligns the recognition of income tax consequences for intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). For public business entities, this update is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are still evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3 – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES

Goodwill

The change in carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in thousands):

We test goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year or earlier if there is an impairment indicator.  No impairment was recognized during either of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

Intangibles, net

The following table provides the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each major class of intangibles (in thousands):

The gross carrying amount of intangibles increased approximately $21.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to business combinations. See Note 10, Business Combinations, for more information. Remaining estimated aggregate annual amortization expense is as follows (amounts, in thousands, are for the fiscal year ended):

8

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 4 – LONG-TERM DEBT

Debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

On February 29, 2016, we entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit and Security Agreement”) with the lenders named therein. The Credit and Security Agreement amended and restated our previous credit agreement (the “2015 Credit Agreement”), which was scheduled to mature in April 2020. We used a portion of the funds from the Credit and Security Agreement to pay off the outstanding balances under the 2015 Credit Agreement. The Credit and Security Agreement provides for a five-year senior secured credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $325.0 million, consisting of a $100.0 million revolving line of credit (the “Revolving LOC”), a $100.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”), and a delayed draw term loan facility (the “DDTL”) providing for up to $125.0 million in additional term loan draws during the first year of the Credit and Security Agreement. Under the Revolving LOC, up to an aggregate of $20.0 million is available to us for the issuance of letters of credit and up to an aggregate of $5.0 million is available to us for swing line loans. The Credit and Security Agreement also includes an accordion feature which allows us, at our option but subject to lender and certain other approvals, to add up to an aggregate of $75.0 million in principal amount of term loans or additional revolving credit commitments, subject to the same terms as the Revolving LOC and Term Loan. As of September 30, 2016, there were approximately $18.0 million in letters of credit issued and no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving LOC. All of the obligations under the Credit and Security Agreement are guaranteed by our material domestic subsidiaries, other than Suburban Insulation, Inc.

Loans under the Credit and Security Agreement bear interest at either the eurodollar rate (“LIBOR”) or the base rate (which approximates prime rate), at our election, plus a margin based on the type of rate applied and our leverage ratio. At December 31, 2015, the outstanding balances on the term loan and the delayed draw term loan under the 2015 Credit Agreement bore interest at 1-month LIBOR, including margin (1.95%), and the outstanding balances on the Term Loan and DDTL at September 30, 2016 bore interest at 1-month LIBOR, including margin (2.31%).  In addition to interest, we are required to pay commitment fees on the unused portion of the Revolving LOC. The commitment fee rate for the period from February 29, 2016 through August 31, 2016, was 22.5 basis points. The commitment fee rate, like the interest rate spreads, is subject to adjustment with possible future commitment fees ranging from 20 to 30 basis points per annum. At September 30, 2016, our applicable commitment fee rate was 22.5 basis points.  We are also required to pay a ticking fee of 37.5 basis points per annum on the unused portion of the DDTL until it is fully drawn or February 28, 2017, whichever is earlier. Any outstanding principal balances on the Term Loan and DDTL are due on February 28, 2021 (the “Maturity Date”).

9

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

The Credit and Security Agreement contains covenants that require us to (1) maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 to 1.0 and (2) maintain a leverage ratio of no greater than: (a) 3.50 to 1.00 through December 30, 2016; (b) 3.25 to 1.00 on December 31, 2016 through June 29, 2017; (c) 3.00 to 1.00 on June 30, 2017 through December 30, 2017; (d) 2.75 to 1.00 on December 31, 2017 through June 29, 2018; and (e) 2.50 to 1.00 on June 30, 2018 and thereafter.  The Credit and Security Agreement also contains various restrictive non-financial covenants and a provision that, upon an event of default (as defined by the Credit and Security Agreement), amounts outstanding under the Credit and Security Agreement would bear interest at the rate as determined above plus 2.0% per annum.

Vehicle and Equipment Notes

We are party to a Master Loan and Security Agreement (“Master Loan and Security Agreement”), a Master Equipment Lease Agreement (“Master Equipment Agreement”) and one or more Master Loan Agreements (“Master Loan Agreements”) with various lenders to provide financing for the purpose of purchasing or leasing vehicles and equipment used in the normal course of business. Each financing arrangement under these agreements constitutes a separate note and obligation. Vehicles and equipment purchased or leased under each financing arrangement serve as collateral for the note applicable to such financing arrangement. Regular payments are due under each note for a period of typically 60 consecutive months after the incurrence of the obligation. The specific terms of each note are based on specific criteria, including the type of vehicle or equipment and the market interest rates at the time. No termination date applies to these agreements.

Total gross assets relating to our master loan and equipment agreements were $43.5 million and $25.4 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, none of which were fully depreciated as of September 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015, respectively. The net book value of assets under these agreements was $35.2 million and $22.4 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Depreciation of assets held under these agreements is included within cost of sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair Values

Fair value is the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these financial instruments. The carrying amounts of the long-term debt, including the Term Loan, DDTL and Revolving LOC, approximate fair value as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 due to the short term maturities of the underlying variable rate LIBOR agreements. The carrying amounts of the obligations associated with our vehicle and equipment notes approximate fair value as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 because the associated assets generate sufficient cash through operations to settle the obligations. All debt classifications represent Level 2 fair value measurements.

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INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 6 – EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

Healthcare

Our healthcare benefit expense (net of employee contributions) for all plans was approximately $3.7 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $11.4 million and $8.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and is included in administrative expenses on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. An accrual for estimated healthcare claims incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) is included within accrued compensation on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and was $1.6 million and $1.5 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

Workers’ Compensation

Workers’ compensation expense totaled $3.4 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $9.2 million and $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and is included in costs of sales on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Workers’ compensation known claims and IBNR reserves included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in thousands):

We also had an insurance receivable for claims that exceeded the stop loss limit included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  That receivable offsets an equal liability included within the reserve amounts noted above and was as follows (in thousands):

Share-Based Compensation

Directors

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we granted approximately 9 thousand and 13 thousand shares of our common stock, respectively, under our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan to non-employee members of our Board of Directors. Accordingly, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recorded $0.3 million in compensation expense within administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. These shares effectively vested on the grant date since there is deemed to be no service period associated with these awards. The lack of a vesting or service period may not apply to any future share grants under our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

Employees

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we granted approximately 0.1 million shares of our common stock under our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan to our employees, which vest in three equal installments (rounded to the nearest whole share) on each of April 20, 2017, April 20, 2018 and April 20, 2019.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, our employees surrendered approximately 32 thousand shares of our common stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations arising in connection with the vesting of such common stock awards previously issued under our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Share-based compensation expense was $0.4 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. We recognized excess tax benefits of approximately $0.3 million within administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We did not recognize any such excess tax benefits in the three months ended September 30, 2016.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we granted approximately 0.1 million shares of our common stock under our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan to our employees.  Shares issued to non-executive employees vested 100% between January 7, 2016 and March 31, 2016, and shares issued to certain officers vest(ed) in three equal installments (rounded to the nearest whole share) on each

11

INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

of March 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018.  Share-based compensation expense was $0.6 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Nonvested common stock awards for employees as of December 31, 2015 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were as follows:

As of September 30, 2016, there was $3.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested common stock awards. This expense is subject to future adjustments for forfeitures and is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining weighted-average period of 2.5 years. Shares forfeited are returned as treasury shares and available for future issuances.

As of September 30, 2016, approximately 2.7 million shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES

Our provision for income taxes as a percentage of pretax earnings (“effective tax rate”) is based on a current estimate of the annual effective income tax rate adjusted to reflect the impact of discrete items.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the effective tax rate was 36.8 percent and 35.1 percent, respectively. These rates were favorably impacted by deductions related to domestic production activities, early adoption of ASU 2016-09 and the release of a valuation allowance due to utilization of net operating losses. The rates were partially offset by separate tax filing entities in a loss position for which a full valuation allowance will be accounted for against the losses, causing no tax benefit to be recognized on the losses.

On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09 which simplified several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. We decided to early adopt ASU 2016-09 and per its guidance recognized $0.3 million of excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements as a discrete item within income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We did not recognize any excess income tax benefits related to the adoption of ASU 2016-09 during the three months ended September 30, 2016.

NOTE 8 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

We sell installation services to other companies related to us through common or affiliated ownership and/or Board of Directors and/or management relationships. We also purchase services and materials and pay rent to companies with common or related ownership.

We lease our headquarters and certain other facilities from related parties. See Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, for future minimum lease payments to be paid to these related parties.

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INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the amount of sales to related parties as well as the purchases from and rent expense paid to related parties were as follows (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had related party balances of approximately $1.4 million and $1.8 million, respectively, included in accounts receivable on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These balances represent trade accounts receivable arising during normal course of business with various related parties. M/I Homes, Inc., a customer whose Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer is a member of our Board of Directors, accounted for $0.8 million and $1.0 million of these balances as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

On March 13, 2015, we entered into a share repurchase agreement with Installed Building Systems, Inc. (“IBS”), a related party, for the purchase of approximately 0.3 million shares of our common stock for a purchase price of approximately $6.1 million (or $19.23 per share, which represented a 7.5% discount to the last reported price of our common stock on March 13, 2015).

NOTE 9 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Accrued General Liability

Accrued general insurance reserves included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in thousands):

We also had general liability insurance receivables included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that, in aggregate, offset an equal liability included within the reserve amounts noted above.  The amounts were as follows (in thousands):

Leases

We are obligated under capital leases covering vehicles and certain equipment. The vehicle and equipment leases generally have terms ranging from four to six years. Total gross assets relating to capital leases were approximately $64.7 million and $64.9 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and a total of approximately $23.1 million and $19.1 million were fully depreciated as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The net book value of assets under capital leases was approximately $17.8 million and $22.1 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, net of accumulated depreciation of $46.9 million and $42.8 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Amortization of assets held under capital leases is included within cost of sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

We also have several noncancellable operating leases, primarily for buildings, improvements, equipment, and certain vehicles. These leases generally contain renewal options for periods ranging from one to five years and require us to pay all executory costs such as property taxes, maintenance and insurance.

In some instances, lease agreements exist with related parties. Future minimum lease payments under noncancellable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) with related parties as of September 30, 2016 are as follows (amounts, in thousands, are as of the fiscal year ended):

Supply Contract Commitments

As of September 30, 2016, we had two product supply contracts, one extending through December 31, 2016 and one extending through August 31, 2017. The contract extending through August 31, 2017 has been suspended through December 31, 2016. Our obligations for both contracts are based on quantity without a specific rate applied and therefore are not quantifiable. We expect our quantity of purchases to exceed the minimum quantity commitments for all years covered by the contracts. Actual purchases made under the contract extending through December 31, 2016 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $6.5 million and $16.6 million, respectively, and $32.9 million and $41.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Other Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, various claims and litigation are asserted or commenced against us principally arising from contractual and tort matters and personnel and employment disputes. In determining loss contingencies, management considers the likelihood of loss as well as the ability to reasonably estimate the amount of such loss or liability. An estimated loss is recorded when it is considered probable that such a liability has been incurred and when the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. As litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, we cannot be certain that we will prevail in these matters. However, we do not believe that the ultimate outcome of any pending matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

NOTE 10 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

As part of our ongoing strategy to increase market share in certain markets, we completed six business combinations during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and five business combinations during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The goodwill recognized in conjunction with these business combinations is attributable to expected improvement in the business of these acquired companies.  Approximately $12.8 million and $22.1 million of the goodwill from acquisitions completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, is expected to be tax deductible.

2016

On January 25, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Key Green Builder Services, LLC d/b/a Key Insulation. The purchase price consisted of cash of $5.0 million and seller obligations of $0.7 million. Revenue and net loss since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were $2.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively, and $6.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

On February 2, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Marshall Insulation, LLC (“Marshall”).  The purchase price consisted of cash of $0.9 million and seller obligations of $0.1 million. Revenue and net loss since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were $1.0 million and $54 thousand, respectively, and $2.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

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INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

On February 29, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Kern Door Company, Inc. (“Kern”). The purchase price consisted of cash of $2.9 million and seller obligations of $0.1 million. Revenue and net loss since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were $1.0 million and $62 thousand, respectively, and $2.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

On April 12, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Alpine Insulation Co., Inc. (“Alpine”). The purchase price consisted of cash of $21.2 million and seller obligations of $1.6 million. Revenue and net income since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were $7.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, and $14.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

On July 25, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of FireClass, LLC (“FireClass”). The purchase price consisted of cash of $2.3 million. Revenue and net income since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 were $0.8 million and $21 thousand, respectively.

On August 15, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Southern Insulators & Specialties, LLC (“Southern”). The purchase price consisted of cash of $4.1 million and seller obligations of $0.4 million. Revenue and net income since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 were $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

2015

On March 12, 2015, we acquired 100% of the stock and membership interests of nine different legal entities, collectively referred to as BDI Insulation (“BDI”).  The purchase price consisted of cash of $30.7 million and seller obligations of $5.8 million. Revenue and net income since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015 were $10.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, and $22.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

On April 6, 2015, we acquired 100% of the common stock of C.Q. Insulation Inc. (“CQ”). The purchase price consisted of cash of $5.2 million and seller obligations of $2.3 million. Revenue and net income since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015 were $2.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and $5.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

On June 1, 2015, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Layman Brothers Contracting (“Layman”). The purchase price consisted of cash of $9.1 million and seller obligations of $0.6 million. Revenue and net income since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015 were $3.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and $4.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

On July 1, 2015, we acquired substantially all of the assets of EcoLogic Energy Solutions (“EcoLogic”). The purchase price consisted of cash of $3.0 million and seller obligations of $0.5 million. Revenue and net income since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were $1.8 million and $36 thousand, respectively.

On August 10, 2015, we acquired 100% of the common stock of Eastern Contractor Services (“Eastern”). The purchase price consisted of cash of $24.2 million and seller obligations of $2.9 million. Revenue and net income since the date of acquisition included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were $3.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

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INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Purchase Price Allocations

The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions, as well as total purchase prices and cash paid, approximated the following as of September 30, and as may be adjusted during the valuation period since acquisition (in thousands):

Further adjustments to the allocation for each acquisition still under its measurement period are expected as third-party or internal valuations are finalized, certain tax aspects of the transaction are completed, and customary post-closing reviews are concluded during the measurement period attributable to each individual business combination. As a result, insignificant adjustments to the fair value of assets acquired, and in some cases total purchase price, have been made to certain business combinations since the date of acquisition and future adjustments may be made through the end of each measurement period. Goodwill and intangibles per the above table do not agree to the total gross increases of these assets as shown in Note 3—Goodwill and Intangibles during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 due to minor adjustments to goodwill for the allocation of certain acquisitions still under measurement as well as other immaterial intangible assets added during the ordinary course of business. In addition, goodwill and intangibles increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 due to an immaterial tuck-in acquisition that does not appear in the above table.

Included in other noncurrent assets in the above table as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 is an insurance receivable of $2.0 million and an indemnification asset associated with the acquisition of BDI in the amount of $1.6 million. These assets offset equal liabilities included in other long-term liabilities in the same table, which represent additional insurance reserves and an uncertain tax position liability for which we may be liable. All amounts are measured at their acquisition date fair value.

Estimates of acquired intangible assets related to the acquisitions are as follows (dollars in thousands):

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INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Pro Forma Information

The unaudited pro forma information for the combined results of the Company has been prepared as if the 2016 acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 2015 and the 2015 acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 2014. The unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results that we would have achieved had the transactions actually taken place on January 1, 2015 and 2014, and the unaudited pro forma information does not purport to be indicative of future financial operating results.  See Note 12, Business Combinations, to our audited financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of our 2015 Form 10-K for additional information on 2015 acquisitions included in the table below (in thousands, except per share data):

Unaudited pro forma net income attributable to common stockholders reflects additional intangible asset amortization expense of $37 thousand and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $0.7 million and $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, that would have been recorded had the 2016 acquisitions taken place on January 1, 2015 and the 2015 acquisitions taken place on January 1, 2014.  

Unaudited pro forma net income attributable to common stockholders also includes additional income tax expense of $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $18 thousand and $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, that would have been recorded had the 2016 acquisitions taken place on January 1, 2015 and the 2015 acquisitions taken place on January 1, 2014.

In addition, approximately $1.0 million in transaction costs incurred by a seller resulting from a business combination that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were included in earnings reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and, therefore, are not included in proforma net income reported in the table above.

NOTE 11 –INCOME PER COMMON SHARE

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents.

Diluted net income per share is calculated by adjusting weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury stock method. Potential common stock is included in the diluted income per share calculation when dilutive. Diluted income per share was as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

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INSTALLED BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 12 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 17, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of East Coast Insulators II, L.L.C. for total consideration of approximately $16.5 million, subject to a working capital adjustment. The initial accounting for the business combination was not complete at the time the financial statements were issued due to the timing of the acquisition and the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As a result, disclosures required under ASC 805-10-50, Business Combinations, cannot be made at this time.

On October 29, 2016, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Trilok Industries, Inc., the sole equityholder of Alpha Insulation and Waterproofing, Inc., and Alpha Insulation and Waterproofing Company (collectively “Alpha”) for aggregate consideration of approximately $92.1 million, which includes $9.2 million by issuing 282,577 shares of the Company’s common stock with the remainder paid in cash.  In addition, we will incur seller obligations totaling $1.9 million and the purchase price is subject to customary adjustments for cash and net working capital.  We will also pay in full certain indebtedness of Alpha. Any payment for indebtedness in excess of approximately $0.4 million will reduce the amount of the purchase price by a corresponding amount.  We may also be required to pay an additional amount in cash as earnout consideration.  Consummation of the acquisition is subject to (i) customary closing conditions, including receipt of certain antitrust regulatory approvals, accuracy of representations (subject to materiality qualifiers) and compliance with covenants in all material respects; (ii) certain persons having agreed to employment offer letters and noncompetition agreements; (iii) certain individuals having agreed to release and waiver agreements and (iv) the receipt of certain documents with respect to leased properties.  We currently expect to fund and close this acquisition in the first quarter of 2017.  If the close does not occur by February 25, 2017, the parties can terminate the definitive purchase agreement, subject to an extension for antitrust regulatory approval and certain other conditions.

On November 1, 2016, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Mike’s Garage Door, L.L.C. for total consideration of approximately $0.6 million. The initial accounting for the business combination was not complete at the time the financial statements were issued due to the timing of the acquisition and the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As a result, disclosures required under ASC 805-10-50, Business Combinations, cannot be made at this time.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in “Item 1. Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (our “2015 Form 10-K”).

OVERVIEW

We are the second largest new residential insulation installer in the United States based on our internal estimates, with a national platform consisting of over 100 locations serving customers in all 48 continental states and the District of Columbia. We also install complementary building products, including garage doors, rain gutters, shower doors, closet shelving and mirrors. Substantially all of our net revenue comes from service-based installation of these products in the residential new construction, repair and remodel and commercial construction end markets.

A large portion of our net revenue comes from the U.S. residential new construction market, which depends upon a number of economic factors, including demographic trends, interest rates, consumer confidence, employment rates, housing inventory levels, foreclosure rates, the health of the economy and availability of mortgage financing.

We believe our business is well positioned to continue to profitably grow during the housing recovery due to our strong balance sheet, liquidity and continuing acquisition strategy. We may adjust our strategies based on housing demand and our performance in each of our markets. Nevertheless, the pace of the housing recovery and our future results could be negatively affected by weakening economic conditions and decreases in housing demand and affordability as well as increases in interest rates and tightening of mortgage lending practices.

We manage all aspects of the installation process for our customers, from our direct purchase and receipt of materials from national manufacturers, to our timely supply of materials to job sites and quality installation. Installation of insulation, including air sealing, is a critical phase in the construction process, as certain other interior work cannot begin until the insulation phase passes inspection. Our branches have expertise in local building codes and energy-efficient building practices, and strong working relationships with homebuilders and on-site construction managers. At the same time, our centralized corporate support functions allow us to leverage our longstanding supplier relationships, web-based information system and other dedicated corporate services to benefit our operations as a whole.

On October 29, 2016, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Trilok Industries, Inc., Alpha Insulation & Waterproofing, Inc. and Alpha Insulation & Waterproofing Company (collectively, “Alpha”). Alpha serves commercial customers through an expanding network of 8 branch locations located in Georgia, Florida, Texas, Alabama, Tennessee and North Carolina. Alpha’s products include waterproofing, insulation, fireproofing and fire stopping. Alpha services large, long-lead time commercial projects including office buildings, airports, sports complexes, museums, hospitals, hotels and educational facilities. We expect the acquisition to significantly increase our sales mix to commercial end markets and expand and diversify our existing product mix. Consummation of the acquisition is subject to (i) customary closing conditions, including receipt of certain antitrust regulatory approvals, accuracy of representations (subject to materiality qualifiers) and compliance with covenants in all material respects; (ii) certain persons having agreed to employment offer letters and noncompetition agreements; (iii) certain individuals having agreed to release and waiver agreements and (iv) the receipt of certain documents with respect to leased properties. We currently expect to fund and close this acquisition in the first quarter of 2017.  If the close does not occur by February 25, 2017, the parties can terminate the definitive purchase agreement, subject to an extension for antitrust regulatory approval and certain other conditions.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015

Net revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2016, net revenue increased $43.8 million or 24.1%, to $225.4 million from $181.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in net revenue included revenue from acquisitions of $21.7 million and revenue of $13.3 million predominantly attributable to organic growth in the volume of completed jobs in all of our end markets. The remaining increase in net revenue of $8.8 million resulted from a variety of factors, including customer and product mix, market pricing variations and insulation volumes driven by building code requirements. None of these additional factors was more significant than any other.

Cost of sales

For the three months ended September 30, 2016, cost of sales increased $29.9 million, or 23.4%, to $158.1 million from $128.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. As a percentage of net revenue, cost of sales decreased to 70.2% during the

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three months ended September 30, 2015 from 70.6% during the three months ended September 30, 2015 attributable to market pricing improvements, better fuel utilization and leverage of other items included in cost of sales. On a dollar basis, cost of sales included increases from acquired businesses of approximately $15.2 million. Approximately $9.0 million was predominantly attributable to organic growth in the volume of completed jobs in the residential new construction end market. Additionally, cost of sales increased $5.7 million as a result of a variety of factors including customer and product mix, market pricing variations and insulation volumes driven by building code requirements. None of these additional factors was more significant than any other.

Gross Profit

For the three months ended September 30, 2016, gross profit increased $13.9 million to $67.3 million from $53.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. As a percentage of net revenue, gross profit increased to 29.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 29.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2015 primarily due to a favorable change in our customer and product mix, market pricing variations and insulation volumes, better fuel utilization and leverage of other items included in costs of sales.

Operating expenses

Selling

For the three months ended September 30, 2016, selling expenses increased $2.7 million, or 26.7%, to $13.0 million from $10.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. As a percentage of net revenue, selling expenses were relatively flat, increasing to 5.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 5.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2015. On a dollar basis, the increase in selling expenses was primarily due to higher wages, benefits and commissions of $2.3 million which supported both organic and acquisition-related growth.

Administrative

For the three months ended September 30, 2016, administrative expenses increased $5.7 million, or 21.9%, to $31.5 million from $25.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in administrative expenses generally related to the cost of completing acquisitions, the ongoing costs associated with these newly-acquired entities and costs to support our growth. Wages and benefits increased $3.1 million, of which $1.3 million was attributable to acquisitions and $1.8 million was to support our organic growth. In addition, facility costs increased $0.8 million, of which $0.5 million was attributable to acquisitions. Information technology-related expenses increased $0.4 million, of which $0.2 million was attributable to acquisitions. The remaining increase in administrative expenses of $1.4 million included individually minor increases in several categories necessary to support our growing business.

Amortization

For the three months ended September 30, 2016, amortization expense increased $1.1 million to $2.9 million from $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in amortization expense was attributable to the increase in finite-lived intangible assets obtained as a result of acquisitions.

Other expense

For the three months ended September 30, 2016, other expense increased $0.5 million to $1.6 million from $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 due to increased interest expense on higher debt levels to support our growth related to acquisitions.

Income tax provision

During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded an income tax provision of approximately $6.7 million on our income from continuing operations before income taxes of approximately $18.3 million, or an effective tax rate of 36.8%. This rate was favorably impacted by deductions related to domestic production activities and the release of a valuation allowance due to utilization of net operating losses. The favorability was partially offset by separate tax filing entities in a loss position for which a full valuation allowance will be accounted for against the losses, causing no tax benefit to be recognized on the losses.

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded an income tax provision of approximately $4.9 million on our income from continuing operations before income taxes of approximately $14.4 million, or an effective tax rate of 33.9%. This rate was favorably impacted by deductions related to domestic production activities. The favorability was partially offset by separate tax

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filing entities in a loss position for which a full valuation allowance will be accounted for against the losses, causing no tax benefit to be recognized on the losses.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015

Net revenue

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net revenue increased $157.8 million or 33.5%, to $629.0 million from $471.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in net revenue included revenue from acquisitions of $74.7 million and revenue of $48.0 million predominantly attributable to organic growth in the volume of completed jobs in all of our end markets. The remaining increase in net revenue of $35.1 million resulted from a variety of factors, including customer and product mix, market pricing variations and insulation volumes driven by building code requirements. None of these additional factors was more significant than any other.

Cost of sales

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, cost of sales increased $107.5 million, or 31.9%, to $444.9 million from $337.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. As a percentage of net revenue, cost of sales decreased to 70.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 71.6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 attributable to market pricing improvements, better fuel utilization and leverage of other items included in cost of sales. On a dollar basis, cost of sales included increases from acquired businesses of approximately $52.1 million. Approximately $33.2 million of the cost of sales increase was predominantly attributable to organic growth in the volume of completed jobs in the residential new construction end market. Additionally, cost of sales increased $22.2 million as a result of a variety of factors including customer and product mix, market pricing variations and insulation volumes driven by building code requirements. None of these additional factors was more significant than any other.

Gross Profit

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, gross profit increased $50.3 million to $184.1 million from $133.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. As a percentage of net revenue, gross profit increased to 29.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 28.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily due to a favorable change in our customer and product mix, market pricing variations and insulation volumes, better fuel utilization and leverage of other items included in costs of sales.

Operating expenses

Selling

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, selling expenses increased $8.9 million, or 32.9%, to $36.2 million from $27.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. As a percentage of net revenue, selling expenses were flat, remaining at 5.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015. On a dollar basis, the increase in selling expenses was primarily due to higher wages, benefits and commissions of $7.8 million as well as higher advertising costs of $0.6 million which supported both organic and acquisition-related growth.

Administrative

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, administrative expenses increased $20.1 million, or 27.6%, to $92.7 million from $72.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in administrative expenses generally related to the cost of completing acquisitions, the ongoing costs associated with these newly-acquired entities and costs to support our growth. Wages and benefits increased $12.1 million, of which $5.1 million was attributable to acquisitions and $7.0 million was to support our organic growth. In addition, facility costs increased $2.3 million, of which $1.6 million was due to acquisitions. The remaining increase in administrative expenses of $5.7 million included individually minor increases in several categories necessary to support our growing business.

Amortization

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, amortization expense increased $4.1 million to $8.2 million from $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in amortization expense was attributable to the increase in finite-lived intangible assets obtained as a result of acquisitions.

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Other expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, other expense increased $1.9 million to $4.9 million from $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 due to increased interest expense on higher debt levels to support our growth related to acquisitions.

Income tax provision

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded an income tax provision of approximately $14.8 million on our income from continuing operations before income taxes of approximately $42.1 million, or an effective tax rate of 35.1%. This rate was favorably impacted by deductions related to domestic production activities, the early adoption of ASU 2016-09, and the release of a valuation allowance due to utilization of net operating losses. The favorability was partially offset by separate tax filing entities in a loss position for which a full valuation allowance will be accounted for against the losses, causing no tax benefit to be recognized on the losses.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded an income tax provision of approximately $9.6 million on our income from continuing operations before income taxes of approximately $26.8 million or an effective tax rate of 35.8%. This rate was favorably impacted by deductions related to domestic production activities. The favorability was partially offset by separate tax filing entities in a loss position for which a full valuation allowance will be accounted for against the losses, causing no tax benefit to be recognized on the losses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary capital requirements are to fund working capital needs, operating expenses, acquisitions and capital expenditures and meet required principal and interest payments. Our capital resources primarily consist of cash from operations and borrowings under our credit agreement and capital equipment leases and loans. In addition, our pending acquisition of Alpha for aggregate consideration of approximately $92.1 million, which includes $9.2 million by issuing 282,577 shares of the Company’s common stock with the remainder paid in cash, additional seller obligations totaling $1.9 million, additional consideration based on the attainment of certain financial performance metrics for the full year 2016, and customary adjustments for cash and net working capital, will require us to commit significant resources to the acquisition and ongoing support of Alpha’s business. We expect to fund this acquisition by drawing on our existing credit facilities.  

Since 2012, when housing completions began to increase meaningfully after a previous significant downturn in the residential construction industry, we have experienced improved profitability and liquidity and invested significantly in acquisitions, supported by our cash from operations and our credit agreement. Additionally, we have utilized capitalized leases and loans to finance the increase in the number of our vehicles and equipment.

We believe that our cash flows from operations, combined with our current cash levels and available borrowing capacity, will be adequate to support our ongoing operations and to fund our debt service requirements, capital expenditures, working capital and acquisitions for at least the next 12 months.

Credit and Security Agreement

On February 29, 2016, we entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit and Security Agreement”) with the lenders named therein. The Credit and Security Agreement amended and restated our previous credit agreement the (“2015 Credit Agreement”), which was scheduled to mature in April 2020. We used a portion of the funds from the Credit and Security Agreement to pay off the outstanding balances under the 2015 Credit Agreement. The Credit and Security Agreement provides for a five-year senior secured credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $325.0 million, consisting of a $100.0 million revolving line of credit (the “Revolving LOC”), a $100.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”), and a delayed draw term loan facility (the “DDTL”) providing for up to $125.0 million in additional term loan draws during the first year of the Credit and Security Agreement. Under the Revolving LOC, up to an aggregate of $20.0 million is available to us for the issuance of letters of credit and up to an aggregate of $5.0 million is available to us for swing line loans. The Credit and Security Agreement also includes an accordion feature which allows us, at our option but subject to lender and certain other approvals, to add up to an aggregate of $75.0 million in principal amount of term loans or additional revolving credit commitments, subject to the same terms as the Revolving LOC and Term Loan.

The Term Loan amortizes in quarterly principal payments of $1.3 million through March 31, 2017 with $1.9 million being due quarterly from June 30, 2017 through March 31, 2019 then increasing to $2.5 million on June 30, 2019 and continuing quarterly through December 31, 2020. Draws under the DDTL convert to an amortizing term loan (the “DDTL Term Loan”) on the earlier of (1) the date the DDTL is fully drawn or (2) February 28, 2017, when it will begin to amortize in quarterly principal payments,

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beginning June 30, 2017, equal (on a percentage basis) to the then-current amortization rate on the Term Loan. Draws under the DDTL may be used only for acquisitions or major capital expenditures. In addition to scheduled amortization payments, if our leverage ratio for any fiscal year is greater than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00, we would be required to make additional payments on the Term Loan and DDTL Term Loan for such fiscal year in an amount of not less than 50% of our excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit and Security Agreement) for such fiscal year within 10 days of our delivery of the financial reports required under the Credit and Security Agreement. Any remaining unpaid balances on the Term Loan and the DDTL Term Loan are due on February 28, 2021 (the “Maturity Date”).

Loans under the Credit and Security Agreement bear interest at either the eurodollar rate (“LIBOR”) or the base rate (which approximates prime rate), at our election, plus a margin based on the type of rate applied and our leverage ratio. At December 31, 2015, the outstanding balances on the term loan and the delayed draw term loan under the 2015 Credit Agreement bore interest at 1-month LIBOR, including margin (1.95%), and the outstanding balances on the Term Loan and DDTL at September 30, 2016 bore interest at 1-month LIBOR, including margin (2.31%).  In addition to interest, we are required to pay commitment fees on the unused portion of the Revolving LOC. The commitment fee rate for the period from February 29, 2016 through August 31, 2016, was 22.5 basis points. The commitment fee rate, like the interest rate spreads, is subject to adjustment, with possible future commitment fees ranging from 20 to 30 basis points per annum. At September 30, 2016, our applicable commitment fee rate was 22.5 basis points.  We are also required to pay a ticking fee of 37.5 basis points per annum on the unused portion of the DDTL until it is fully drawn or February 28, 2017, whichever is earlier.

All of the obligations under the Credit and Security Agreement are guaranteed by our existing and future direct and indirect material domestic subsidiaries, other than Suburban Insulation, Inc. (the “Guarantors”). Subject to certain restrictions, all of our and each Guarantor’s obligations under the Credit and Security Agreement are secured by: (1) all of our and each Guarantor’s tangible and intangible personal property and real property, excluding those assets pledged under capital leases and capital equipment loans; (2) a pledge of, and first priority perfected lien on, 100% of the capital stock or other equity interests of our and each Guarantor’s domestic subsidiaries; and (3) a negative pledge on all of our and each Guarantor’s assets.

The Credit and Security Agreement contains covenants that require us to (1) maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 to 1.0 and (2) maintain a leverage ratio of no greater than: (a) 3.50 to 1.00 through December 30, 2016; (b) 3.25 to 1.00 on December 31, 2016 through June 29, 2017; (c) 3.00 to 1.00 on June 30, 2017 through December 30, 2017; (d) 2.75 to 1.00 on December 31, 2017 through June 29, 2018; and (e) 2.50 to 1.00 on June 30, 2018 and thereafter.  The Credit and Security Agreement also contains various restrictive non-financial covenants and a provision that, upon an event of default (as defined by the Credit and Security Agreement), amounts outstanding under the Credit and Security Agreement would bear interest at the rate as determined above plus 2.0% per annum.

Vehicle and Equipment Notes

We have entered into a Master Loan and Security Agreement (“Master Loan and Security Agreement”), a Master Equipment Lease Agreement (“Master Equipment Agreement”) and one or more Master Loan Agreements (“Master Loan Agreements”) with various lenders to provide financing for the purpose of purchasing or leasing vehicles and equipment used in the normal course of business. Each financing arrangement under these agreements constitutes a separate note and obligation. Vehicles and equipment purchased or leased under each financing arrangement serve as collateral for the note applicable to such financing arrangement. Regular payments are due under each note for a period of typically 60 consecutive months after the incurrence of the obligation. The specific terms of each note are based on specific criteria, including the type of vehicle or equipment and the market interest rates at the time. No termination date applies to these agreements.

Total gross assets relating to our master loan and equipment agreements were $43.5 million and $25.4 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, none of which were fully depreciated as of September 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015, respectively. The net book value of assets under these agreements was $35.2 million and $22.4 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Depreciation of assets held under these agreements is included within cost of sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Letters of Credit and Bonds

We use letters of credit to secure our performance under our general liability and workers’ compensation insurance programs. Our workers’ compensation insurance program is considered a high deductible program whereby we are responsible for the cost of claims under approximately $0.8 million. If we do not pay these claims, our workers’ compensation insurance carriers are required to make these payments to the claimants on our behalf. Our general liability insurance program is considered a high retention program whereby we are responsible for the cost of claims up to $2.0 million. If we do not pay these claims, our general liability insurance carrier is required to make these payments to the claimants on our behalf. As of September 30, 2016, we had $18.0 million of outstanding letters

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of credit and $0.3 million in cash securing our performance under these insurance programs. We occasionally use performance bonds to ensure completion of our work on certain larger customer contracts that can span multiple accounting periods. As of September 30, 2016, we had 17 performance bonds outstanding, totaling approximately $2.6 million. Performance bonds generally do not have stated expiration dates; rather, we are released from the bonds as the contractual performance is completed. As of September 30, 2016, we had 267 permit and license bonds outstanding, totaling approximately $4.8 million. Permit and license bonds are typically issued for one year and are required by certain municipalities when we obtain licenses and permits to perform work in their jurisdictions.

Historical cash flow information

Cash flow from operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities of $54.6 million and $29.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, consisted primarily of net income of $27.4 million and $17.2 million, respectively, adjusted for non-cash and certain other items. Included in the net cash provided in 2016 were non-cash adjustments for depreciation and amortization expense on our expanded base of property, plant and equipment to support our growth totaling $17.2 million as well as for amortization on our growing intangible asset base from acquisitions totaling $8.2 million. These increases were coupled with other changes in working capital, most notably $6.0 million of additional other liabilities primarily driven by higher accrued wages due to an increase in number of days in the pay cycle to accrue, a $4.7 million change in other assets due primarily to a reduction of various prepaid assets and other receivables and $3.9 million of additional accounts payable resulting from the increase in purchases to support our growth, offset by a reduction of cash of $17.9 million due to increased accounts receivable resulting from our growth. Included in the net cash provided in 2015 were non-cash adjustments for depreciation and amortization expense on our expanded base of property, plant and equipment to support our growth totaling $11.9 million as well as for amortization on our growing intangible asset base totaling $4.1 million. These increases were coupled with other changes in working capital, most notably a $5.8 million change in accounts payable resulting from an increase in purchases to support our growth as well as a $5.3 million change in other assets due primarily to a reduction of various prepaid assets and other receivables, offset by a reduction in cash of $16.4 million due to increased accounts receivable balances compared to the beginning of the period resulting from higher sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Cash flows from investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $55.1 million and $91.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. In 2016, we made cash payments, net of cash acquired, of $36.4 million on business combinations and $19.2 million primarily to purchase fleet to support our growing business. In 2015, we made cash payments, net of cash acquired, of $71.0 million on business combinations and $20.0 million primarily to purchase fleet to support our growing business. See the following “Capital Expenditures” section for further discussion of the increase in cash paid for purchases of property, plant and equipment in 2015. See Item 1, Financial Statements, Note 10, Business Combinations, for further information on acquisitions.

Cash flows from financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $12.7 million and $56.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Net cash provided in 2016 was primarily due to net proceeds of $11.9 million as a result of amending our credit agreement, resulting in increased borrowing capacity to support operations and continuing acquisitions and $16.3 million of proceeds from notes payable to finance our vehicle purchases. This increase in cash was offset by $6.6 million in principal payments on capital lease obligations, $1.2 million in costs related to amending our credit agreement, and $4.1 million in principal payments on other long term debt. Net cash provided in 2015 was primarily the result of amending our credit agreement, resulting in increased borrowing capacity to support operations and continuing acquisitions.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our balance on the term loan under the 2015 Credit Agreement increased $25.3 million on a net basis and our balance on the delayed draw term loan under the 2015 Credit Agreement increased $35.0 million in support of those initiatives.  We also received proceeds from vehicle and equipment notes payable of $12.8 million to finance the expansion of our fleet, offset by $7.3 million in principal payments on capital lease obligations and $6.1 million paid to repurchase 315,000 shares of our common stock.

Capital expenditures

Capital expenditures vary depending on prevailing business factors, including current and anticipated market conditions. Total capital expenditures, including non-cash purchases on account, were $21.3 million and $20.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and primarily related to purchases of vehicles and various equipment to support our operations and increased net revenue. We finance a significant portion of our capital expenditures under the Master Loan and Security Agreement, the Master Equipment Agreement or the Master Loan Agreement, which allow us to benefit from depreciation for tax purposes. These arrangements require us to pay cash up front for vehicles and equipment. We are reimbursed for the upfront cash payments after the assets are financed under the agreements. Of the $21.3 million in capital expenditures during the nine months

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ended September 30, 2016, $16.3 million was converted to a financing arrangement by September 30, 2016 under the Master Loan and Security Agreement, Master Equipment Agreement and Master Loan Agreements.

Capped Call Agreement

Certain of our stockholders entered into a capped call agreement with the underwriters of the secondary offering of our common stock completed on June 17, 2014. This agreement provides that these stockholders have the option to call a total of approximately 1.1 million shares of our common stock at a capped price.  The option can be exercised within specific dates based on the then current price of the underlying shares and will be settled in cash. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, approximately 0.7 million shares were exercised and approximately 0.4 million shares under the agreement remain available and become exercisable on various dates in June 2017. The capped call agreement is between the stockholders and the underwriters and does not represent compensation to the stockholders for services rendered to us. The price paid for the option represents the fair value of that transaction and we are not a party to the agreement. Accordingly, we have not recorded any expense related to this transaction.

Contractual Obligations

Our enforceable and legally binding obligations as of September 30, 2016, included in the table below are based on management’s estimates and assumptions about these obligations, including their duration, the possibility of renewal, anticipated actions by third parties and other factors. Because these estimates and assumptions are necessarily subjective, our actual payments may vary from those reflected in the table: