UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

	x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

or

	o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 1-6686

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		13-1024020
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

909 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(212) 704-1200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer		ý		Accelerated filer		¨
Non-accelerated filer		¨		Smaller reporting company		¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)				Emerging growth company		¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨    No ý

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 16, 2017 was 388,608,593.

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INDEX
		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	2
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	5
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 5.	Other Information	34
Item 6.	Exhibits	35
INDEX TO EXHIBITS		36
SIGNATURES		37

INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING DISCLOSURE

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. Statements in this report that are not historical facts, including statements about management’s beliefs and expectations, constitute forward-looking statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “estimate,” “continue” or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections, and are subject to change based on a number of factors, including those outlined under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly any of them in light of new information or future events.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

•	potential effects of a challenging economy, for example, on the demand for our advertising and marketing services, on our clients’ financial condition and on our business or financial condition;

•	our ability to attract new clients and retain existing clients;

•	our ability to retain and attract key employees;

•	risks associated with assumptions we make in connection with our critical accounting estimates, including changes in assumptions associated with any effects of a weakened economy;

•	potential adverse effects if we are required to recognize impairment charges or other adverse accounting-related developments;

•	risks associated with the effects of global, national and regional economic and political conditions, including counterparty risks and fluctuations in economic growth rates, interest rates and currency exchange rates; and

•	developments from changes in the regulatory and legal environment for advertising and marketing and communications services companies around the world.

Investors should carefully consider these factors and the additional risk factors outlined in more detail under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
REVENUE	$	1,902.6			$	1,922.2			$	5,541.4			$	5,582.1
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Salaries and related expenses	1,227.6				1,228.0				3,742.3				3,726.3
Office and general expenses	455.9				486.2				1,343.8				1,400.5
Total operating expenses	1,683.5				1,714.2				5,086.1				5,126.8
OPERATING INCOME	219.1				208.0				455.3				455.3
EXPENSES AND OTHER INCOME:
Interest expense	(21.0		)		(21.7		)		(67.6		)		(68.8		)
Interest income	4.1				4.7				14.0				16.1
Other (expense) income, net	(9.9		)		5.3				(24.5		)		(13.5		)
Total (expenses) and other income	(26.8		)		(11.7		)		(78.1		)		(66.2		)
Income before income taxes	192.3				196.3				377.2				389.1
Provision for income taxes	42.5				63.8				115.8				91.9
Income of consolidated companies	149.8				132.5				261.4				297.2
Equity in net (loss) income of unconsolidated affiliates	(1.0		)		0.2				0.1				(1.6		)
NET INCOME	148.8				132.7				261.5				295.6
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2.6		)		(4.1		)		0.9				(4.7		)
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO IPG COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	146.2			$	128.6			$	262.4			$	290.9
Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.38			$	0.32			$	0.67			$	0.73
Diluted	$	0.37			$	0.32			$	0.66			$	0.71
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	389.5				397.7				391.2				399.5
Diluted	397.2				407.9				398.6				408.8
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.18			$	0.15			$	0.54			$	0.45

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

2

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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
NET INCOME	$	148.8			$	132.7			$	261.5			$	295.6
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Foreign currency translation:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	29.2				4.4				114.0				43.5
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income	1.5				(4.2		)		1.8				2.3
	30.7				0.2				115.8				45.8
Available-for-sale securities:
Changes in fair value of available-for-sale securities	(0.1		)		0.2				0.0				0.4
Recognition of previously unrealized gains in net income	(0.7		)		(0.1		)		(0.7		)		(1.3		)
Income tax effect	0.1				0.1				0.1				0.1
	(0.7		)		0.2				(0.6		)		(0.8		)
Derivative instruments:
Recognition of previously unrealized losses in net income	0.5				0.5				1.6				1.5
Income tax effect	(0.2		)		(0.2		)		(0.6		)		(0.6		)
	0.3				0.3				1.0				0.9
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans:
Net actuarial gains (losses) for the period	8.2				(79.2		)		9.0				(78.4		)
Amortization of unrecognized losses, transition obligation and prior service cost included in net income	1.7				1.2				5.2				3.7
Settlement and curtailment losses included in net income	4.0				0.1				4.0				0.3
Other	0.0				0.0				(0.6		)		0.0
Income tax effect	(2.8		)		13.0				(3.4		)		12.5
	11.1				(64.9		)		14.2				(61.9		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	41.4				(64.2		)		130.4				(16.0		)
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	190.2				68.5				391.9				279.6
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	2.5				5.4				(0.3		)		5.9
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO IPG	$	187.7			$	63.1			$	392.2			$	273.7

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)

	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	704.9			$	1,097.6
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $45.8 and $55.7, respectively	3,696.1				4,389.7
Expenditures billable to clients	1,742.3				1,518.1
Assets held for sale	8.3				203.2
Other current assets	312.2				229.4
Total current assets	6,463.8				7,438.0
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,045.5 and $961.6, respectively	637.5				622.0
Deferred income taxes	270.9				220.3
Goodwill	3,799.9				3,674.4
Other non-current assets	544.0				530.5
TOTAL ASSETS	$	11,716.1			$	12,485.2
LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable	$	5,561.1			$	6,303.6
Accrued liabilities	550.7				794.0
Short-term borrowings	511.8				85.7
Current portion of long-term debt	301.9				323.9
Liabilities held for sale	20.8				198.8
Total current liabilities	6,946.3				7,706.0
Long-term debt	1,285.0				1,280.7
Deferred compensation	457.2				480.7
Other non-current liabilities	749.4				708.3
TOTAL LIABILITIES	9,437.9				10,175.7
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (see Note 4)	238.0				252.8
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock	39.9				39.4
Additional paid-in capital	1,235.7				1,199.2
Retained earnings	1,849.8				1,804.3
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(832.7		)		(962.5		)
	2,292.7				2,080.4
Less: Treasury stock	(279.3		)		(63.3		)
Total IPG stockholders’ equity	2,013.4				2,017.1
Noncontrolling interests	26.8				39.6
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	2,040.2				2,056.7
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	11,716.1			$	12,485.2

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	261.5			$	295.6
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangible assets	124.5				117.5
Provision for uncollectible receivables	9.5				13.6
Amortization of restricted stock and other non-cash compensation	59.8				59.0
Net amortization of bond discounts and deferred financing costs	4.2				4.2
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision	(1.6		)		2.6
Net losses on sales of businesses	20.9				16.1
Other	16.1				29.8
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures, providing (using) cash:
Accounts receivable	875.8				666.3
Expenditures billable to clients	(165.9		)		(241.2		)
Other current assets	(48.2		)		(20.6		)
Accounts payable	(986.4		)		(688.4		)
Accrued liabilities	(287.8		)		(207.9		)
Other non-current assets and liabilities	(21.4		)		(73.5		)
Net cash used in operating activities	(139.0		)		(26.9		)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures	(108.7		)		(114.5		)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(22.6		)		(47.9		)
Other investing activities	(9.2		)		(5.1		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(140.5		)		(167.5		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repurchases of common stock	(216.0		)		(193.3		)
Common stock dividends	(211.2		)		(179.6		)
Acquisition-related payments	(49.1		)		(36.7		)
Tax payments for employee shares withheld	(38.4		)		(22.7		)
Repayments of long-term debt	(23.6		)		(1.1		)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(16.9		)		(10.8		)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings	429.9				(33.9		)
Exercise of stock options	12.1				10.2
Other financing activities	0.1				1.0
Net cash used in financing activities	(113.1		)		(466.9		)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	0.4				50.7
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(392.2		)		(610.6		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	1,100.2				1,506.1
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	708.0			$	895.5

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)

 

	Common Stock							Additional Paid-In Capital				Retained Earnings				Accumulated  Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax				Treasury Stock				Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity				Noncontrolling Interests				Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares			Amount
Balance at December 31, 2016	394.3			$	39.4			$	1,199.2			$	1,804.3			$	(962.5	)		$	(63.3	)		$	2,017.1			$	39.6			$	2,056.7
Net income												262.4												262.4				(0.9		)		261.5
Other comprehensive income																129.8								129.8				0.6				130.4
Reclassifications related to redeemable     noncontrolling interests																												7.3				7.3
Distributions to noncontrolling interests																												(17.5		)		(17.5		)
Change in redemption value of redeemable     noncontrolling interests												(4.6		)										(4.6		)						(4.6		)
Repurchases of common stock																				(216.0		)		(216.0		)						(216.0		)
Common stock dividends												(211.2		)										(211.2		)						(211.2		)
Stock-based compensation	5.6			0.6				62.9																63.5								63.5
Exercise of stock options	1.1			0.1				12.1																12.2								12.2
Shares withheld for taxes	(1.6	)		(0.2		)		(38.5		)														(38.7		)						(38.7		)
Other												(1.1		)										(1.1		)		(2.3		)		(3.4		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	399.4			$	39.9			$	1,235.7			$	1,849.8			$	(832.7	)		$	(279.3	)		$	2,013.4			$	26.8			$	2,040.2

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – (CONTINUED)

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)

 

	Common Stock							Additional Paid-In Capital				Retained Earnings				Accumulated  Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax				Treasury Stock				Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity				Noncontrolling Interests				Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares			Amount
Balance at December 31, 2015	404.4			$	40.4			$	1,404.1			$	1,437.6			$	(845.6	)		$	(71.0	)		$	1,965.5			$	36.3			$	2,001.8
Net income												290.9												290.9				4.7				295.6
Other comprehensive (loss) income																(17.2		)						(17.2		)		1.2				(16.0		)
Reclassifications related to redeemable     noncontrolling interests																												0.5				0.5
Distributions to noncontrolling interests																												(10.8		)		(10.8		)
Change in redemption value of redeemable     noncontrolling interests												(1.3		)										(1.3		)						(1.3		)
Repurchases of common stock																				(193.3		)		(193.3		)						(193.3		)
Common stock dividends												(179.6		)										(179.6		)						(179.6		)
Stock-based compensation	3.5			0.3				88.2																88.5								88.5
Exercise of stock options	1.2			0.1				10.2																10.3								10.3
Shares withheld for taxes	(1.1	)		(0.1		)		(22.9		)														(23.0		)						(23.0		)
Other								1.6				(1.0		)										0.6				2.2				2.8
Balance at September 30, 2016	408.0			$	40.7			$	1,481.2			$	1,546.6			$	(862.8	)		$	(264.3	)		$	1,941.4			$	34.1			$	1,975.5

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1:  Basis of Presentation

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company," "IPG," "we," "us" or "our") in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") for reporting interim financial information on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include certain information and disclosures required for complete financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported and disclosed. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. The consolidated results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year and should be read in conjunction with our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the information for each period contained therein. Certain reclassifications and immaterial revisions have been made to prior-period financial statements to conform to the current-period presentation.

Note 2:  Debt and Credit Arrangements

Long-Term Debt

A summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of our long-term debt is listed below.

	Effective Interest Rate		September 30, 2017								December 31, 2016
			Book Value				Fair Value 1				Book Value				Fair Value 1
2.25% Senior Notes due 2017 (less unamortized issuance costs of $0.1)	2.30%		$	299.9			$	300.2			$	299.4			$	301.4
4.00% Senior Notes due 2022 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $1.4 and $1.1, respectively)	4.13%		247.5				258.5				247.0				258.4
3.75% Senior Notes due 2023 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.8 and $2.2, respectively)	4.32%		497.0				520.5				496.6				503.3
4.20% Senior Notes due 2024 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.7 and $2.7, respectively)	4.24%		496.6				527.0				496.2				511.6
Other notes payable and capitalized leases			45.9				45.9				65.4				65.4
Total long-term debt			1,586.9								1,604.6
Less: current portion			301.9								323.9
Long-term debt, excluding current portion			$	1,285.0							$	1,280.7

1	See Note 11 for information on the fair value measurement of our long-term debt.

Credit Agreements

We maintain a committed corporate credit facility, which has been amended and restated from time to time (the "Credit Agreement"). We use our Credit Agreement to increase our financial flexibility, to provide letters of credit primarily to support obligations of our subsidiaries and to support our commercial paper program. The Credit Agreement is a revolving facility, expiring in October 2020, under which amounts borrowed by us or any of our subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $1,000.0, or the equivalent in other specified currencies. The Company has the ability to increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement from time to time by an additional amount of up to $250.0, provided the Company receives commitments for such increases and satisfies certain other conditions. The aggregate available amount of letters of credit outstanding may decrease or increase, subject to a sublimit on letters of credit of $200.0, or the equivalent in other specified currencies. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are unsecured. As of September 30, 2017, there were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement; however, we had $8.4 of letters of credit under the Credit Agreement, which reduced our total availability to $991.6. We were in compliance with all of our covenants in the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2017.

On October 25, 2017, we amended and restated our Credit Agreement. See Note 14 for further discussion.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

We also have uncommitted lines of credit with various banks which permit borrowings at variable interest rates and which are primarily used to fund working capital needs. We have guaranteed the repayment of some of these borrowings made by certain subsidiaries. If we lose access to these credit lines, we would have to provide funding directly to some of our international operations. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had uncommitted lines of credit in an aggregate amount of $916.8, under which we had outstanding borrowings of $152.5 classified as short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The average amount outstanding during the third quarter of 2017 was $124.7, with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 3.1%.

Commercial Paper

In June 2017, the Company established a commercial paper program under which the Company was authorized to issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $1,000.0. Borrowings under the program are supported by the Credit Agreement described above. Proceeds of the commercial paper will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness and other short-term liquidity needs. The maturities of the commercial paper vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had outstanding commercial paper of $359.3 classified as short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The average amount outstanding under the program during the third quarter of 2017 was $488.2, with a weighted-average interest rate of 1.4% and a weighted-average maturity of fourteen days.

On October 25, 2017, the Company increased the maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time under our commercial paper program from $1,000.0 to $1,500.0. See Note 14 for further discussion.

Note 3:  Earnings Per Share

The following sets forth basic and diluted earnings per common share available to IPG common stockholders.

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Net income available to IPG common stockholders	$	146.2			$	128.6			$	262.4			$	290.9
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic	389.5				397.7				391.2				399.5
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted shares	7.7				10.2				7.4				9.3
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted	397.2				407.9				398.6				408.8
Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.38			$	0.32			$	0.67			$	0.73
Diluted	$	0.37			$	0.32			$	0.66			$	0.71

Note 4:  Acquisitions

We continue to evaluate strategic opportunities to expand our industry expertise, strengthen our position in high-growth and key strategic geographical markets and industry sectors, advance our technological capabilities and improve our operational efficiency through both acquisitions and increased ownership interests in current investments. Our acquisitions typically provide for an initial payment at the time of closing and additional contingent purchase price payments based on the future performance of the acquired entity. We have entered into agreements that may require us to purchase additional equity interests in certain consolidated and unconsolidated subsidiaries. The amounts at which we record these transactions in our financial statements are based on estimates of the future financial performance of the acquired entity, the timing of the exercise of these rights, foreign currency exchange rates and other factors.

During the first nine months of 2017, we completed seven acquisitions, including a strategic communications agency based in the U.K., an independent creative agency based in the U.K., a retail branding and design firm based in the U.S., a content creation and marketing agency based in the Netherlands, an independent media agency and digital consultancy based in Finland, and an integrated marketing communications agency based in Canada. All seven of our acquisitions were included in the Integrated Agency Networks ("IAN") operating segment. During the first nine months of 2017, we recorded approximately $48.1 of goodwill and intangible assets related to our acquisitions.

During the first nine months of 2016, we completed nine acquisitions, including a product and service design consultancy based in the U.S., an integrated healthcare marketing communications agency based in the U.S., a content creation and digital agency with offices in the U.S. and the U.K., a mobile consultancy and application development agency based in the U.K., a

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

branded content production agency specializing in sports and entertainment based in Australia, a full-service public relations and digital agency based in China, a search engine optimization and digital content marketing agency based in the U.K., a mobile focused digital agency based in the U.K. and a business consultancy services agency based in Australia. Of our nine acquisitions, three were included in the IAN operating segment, and six were included in the Constituency Management Group ("CMG") operating segment. During the first nine months of 2016, we recorded approximately $147.9 of goodwill and intangible assets related to our acquisitions, primarily in CMG.

The results of operations of our acquired companies were included in our consolidated results from the closing date of each acquisition. Details of cash paid for current and prior years' acquisitions are listed below.

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016
Cost of investment: current-year acquisitions	$	28.1			$	61.0
Cost of investment: prior-year acquisitions	50.0				37.2
Less: net cash acquired	(6.4		)		(13.6		)
Total cost of investment	71.7				84.6
Operating payments 1	37.5				18.7
Total cash paid for acquisitions 2	$	109.2			$	103.3

1

Represents cash payments for amounts that have been recognized in operating expenses since the date of acquisition either relating to adjustments to estimates in excess of the initial value of contingent payments recorded or were contingent upon the future employment of the former owners of the acquired companies. Amounts are reflected in the operating section of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

2

Of the total cash paid for acquisitions, $22.6 and $47.9 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are classified under the investing section of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, as acquisitions, net of cash acquired. These amounts relate to initial payments for new transactions. Of the total cash paid for acquisitions, $49.1 and $36.7 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are classified under the financing section of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as acquisition-related payments. These amounts relate to deferred payments and increases in our ownership interest for prior acquisitions.

Many of our acquisitions include provisions under which the noncontrolling equity owners may require us to purchase additional interests in a subsidiary at their discretion. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are adjusted quarterly to their estimated redemption value, but not less than their initial fair value. Any adjustments to the redemption value impact retained earnings, except for foreign currency translation adjustments.

The following table presents changes in our redeemable noncontrolling interests.

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	252.8			$	251.9
Change in related noncontrolling interests balance	(9.5		)		(1.5		)
Changes in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests:
Additions	3.4				6.8
Redemptions and other	(18.5		)		(14.8		)
Redemption value adjustments	9.8				4.5
Balance at end of period	$	238.0			$	246.9

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 5:  Supplementary Data

Accrued Liabilities

The following table presents the components of accrued liabilities.

	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
Salaries, benefits and related expenses	$	341.3			$	499.0
Acquisition obligations	53.2				77.5
Office and related expenses	48.8				46.7
Interest	17.0				17.3
Other	90.4				153.5
Total accrued liabilities	$	550.7			$	794.0

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 include certain items that are not directly associated with our revenue-producing operations.

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Net (losses) gains on sales of businesses and investments	$	(6.2	)		$	3.9			$	(18.3	)		$	(14.6	)
Other (expense) income, net	(3.7		)		1.4				(6.2		)		1.1
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(9.9	)		$	5.3			$	(24.5	)		$	(13.5	)

Net (Losses) Gains on Sales of Businesses and Investments – During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the amounts recognized are primarily related to sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets and liabilities, consisting primarily of accounts receivable and accounts payable, respectively, as held for sale within our IAN operating segment. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the amounts recognized are primarily related to sales of businesses within our IAN operating segment.

Share Repurchase Program

In February 2017, our Board of Directors (the "Board") authorized a new share repurchase program to repurchase from time to time up to $300.0, excluding fees, of our common stock (the "2017 Share Repurchase Program"), which was in addition to the remaining amount available to be repurchased from the $300.0 authorization made by the Board in February 2016 (the "2016 Share Repurchase Program").

We may effect such repurchases through open market purchases, trading plans established in accordance with SEC rules, derivative transactions or other means. We expect to continue to repurchase our common stock in future periods, although the timing and amount of the repurchases will depend on market conditions and other funding requirements.

The following table presents our share repurchase activity under our share repurchase programs for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016
Number of shares repurchased	9.4				8.5
Aggregate cost, including fees	$	216.0			$	193.3
Average price per share, including fees	$	22.92			$	22.69

We fully utilized the 2016 Share Repurchase Program during the third quarter of 2017. As of September 30, 2017, $239.5, excluding fees, remains available for repurchase under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. The 2017 Share Repurchase Program has no expiration date.

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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 6:  Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, our effective income tax rates of 22.1% and 30.7%, respectively, were positively impacted by a benefit of $31.2 related to foreign tax credits from distributions of unremitted earnings, partially offset by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances and by losses on sales of businesses, and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, for which we did not receive a full tax benefit. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, our effective income tax rate was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which is typically recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards.

We have various tax years under examination by tax authorities in various countries, and in various states, such as New York, in which we have significant business operations. It is not yet known whether these examinations will, in the aggregate, result in our paying additional taxes. We believe our tax reserves are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments in each of the jurisdictions in which we are subject to taxation. We regularly assess the likelihood of additional tax assessments in those jurisdictions and, if necessary, adjust our reserves as additional information or events require.

With respect to all tax years open to examination by U.S. federal, various state and local, and non-U.S. tax authorities, we currently anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by an amount between $25.0 and $35.0 in the next twelve months, a portion of which will affect our effective income tax rate, primarily as a result of the settlement of tax examinations and the lapsing of statutes of limitations.

We are effectively settled with respect to U.S. federal income tax audits through 2012, with the exception of 2009. With limited exceptions, we are no longer subject to state and local income tax audits for years prior to 2007 or non-U.S. income tax audits for years prior to 2006.

Note 7:  Incentive Compensation Plans

We issue stock-based compensation and cash awards to our employees under a plan established by the Compensation and Leadership Talent Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) and approved by our shareholders.

We issued the following stock-based awards under the 2014 Performance Incentive Plan (the "2014 PIP") during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

	Awards			Weighted-average grant-date fair value (per award)
Stock-settled awards	0.8			$	24.20
Performance-based awards	4.8			$	20.06
Total stock-based compensation awards	5.6

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Compensation Committee granted performance cash awards and restricted cash awards under the 2014 PIP with a total target value of $54.3 and $2.8, respectively. Cash awards are expensed over the vesting period, which is typically three years.

Note 8:  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax

The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component.

	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments				Available-for-Sale Securities				Derivative Instruments				Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans				Total
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	(716.7	)		$	0.6			$	(8.4	)		$	(238.0	)		$	(962.5	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	113.4				0.0				0.0				6.3				119.7
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	1.8				(0.6		)		1.0				7.9				10.1
Balance as of September 30, 2017	$	(601.5	)		$	0.0			$	(7.4	)		$	(223.8	)		$	(832.7	)

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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments				Available-for-Sale Securities				Derivative Instruments				Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans				Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	(665.6	)		$	1.3			$	(9.6	)		$	(171.7	)		$	(845.6	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	42.3				0.4				0.0				(65.0		)		(22.3		)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	2.3				(1.2		)		0.9				3.1				5.1
Balance as of September 30, 2016	$	(621.0	)		$	0.5			$	(8.7	)		$	(233.6	)		$	(862.8	)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,								Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Foreign currency translation adjustments 1	$	1.5			$	(4.2	)		$	1.8			$	2.3			Other (expense) income, net
Gains on available-for-sale securities	(0.7		)		(0.1		)		(0.7		)		(1.3		)		Other (expense) income, net
Losses on derivative instruments	0.5				0.5				1.6				1.5				Interest expense
Amortization of defined benefit pension and postretirement plan items	5.7				1.3				9.2				4.0				Other (expense) income, net
Tax effect	(0.6		)		(0.4		)		(1.8		)		(1.4		)		Provision for income taxes
Total amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	6.4			$	(2.9	)		$	10.1			$	5.1

1	These foreign currency translation adjustments are primarily a result of the sales of businesses.

 

Note 9:  Employee Benefits

We have a defined benefit pension plan that covers certain U.S. employees (the “Domestic Pension Plan”). We also have numerous funded and unfunded plans outside the U.S. The Interpublic Limited Pension Plan in the U.K. is a defined benefit plan and is our most material foreign pension plan in terms of the benefit obligation and plan assets. Some of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries provide postretirement health benefits and life insurance to eligible employees and, in certain cases, their dependents. The domestic postretirement benefit plan is our most material postretirement benefit plan in terms of the benefit obligation. Certain immaterial foreign pension and postretirement benefit plans have been excluded from the table below.

The components of net periodic cost for the Domestic Pension Plan, the significant foreign pension plans and the domestic postretirement benefit plan are listed below.

	Domestic Pension Plan								Foreign Pension Plans								Domestic Postretirement Benefit Plan
Three months ended September 30,	2017				2016				2017				2016				2017				2016
Service cost	$	0.0			$	0.0			$	1.0			$	2.4			$	0.0			$	0.0
Interest cost	1.3				1.4				3.4				4.1				0.3				0.4
Expected return on plan assets	(1.5		)		(1.5		)		(4.5		)		(4.9		)		0.0				0.0
Settlements and curtailments	0.0				0.0				4.0				0.1				0.0				0.0
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)	0.0				0.0				0.1				0.1				(0.1		)		(0.1		)
Unrecognized actuarial losses	0.3				0.3				1.4				0.9				0.0				0.0
Net periodic cost	$	0.1			$	0.2			$	5.4			$	2.7			$	0.2			$	0.3

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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Domestic Pension Plan								Foreign Pension Plans								Domestic Postretirement Benefit Plan
Nine months ended September 30,	2017				2016				2017				2016				2017				2016
Service cost	$	0.0			$	0.0			$	2.9			$	7.3			$	0.0			$	0.0
Interest cost	3.8				4.4				10.0				13.3				0.9				1.1
Expected return on plan assets	(4.6		)		(4.9		)		(13.2		)		(15.5		)		0.0				0.0
Settlements and curtailments	0.0				0.0				4.0				0.3				0.0				0.0
Amortization of:
Prior service cost (credit)	0.0				0.0				0.1				0.1				(0.1		)		(0.1		)
Unrecognized actuarial losses	1.1				1.0				4.1				2.7				0.0				0.0
Net periodic cost	$	0.3			$	0.5			$	7.9			$	8.2			$	0.8			$	1.0

The components of net periodic cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item “Other (expense) income, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we contributed $2.3 and $13.0 of cash to our domestic and foreign pension plans, respectively. For the remainder of 2017, we expect to contribute approximately $0.3 and $5.0 of cash to our domestic and foreign pension plans, respectively.

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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 10:  Segment Information

As of September 30, 2017, we have two reportable segments: IAN and CMG. IAN is comprised of McCann Worldgroup, Foote, Cone & Belding ("FCB"), MullenLowe Group, IPG Mediabrands, our digital specialist agencies and our domestic integrated agencies. CMG is comprised of a number of our specialist marketing services offerings. We also report results for the “Corporate and other” group. The profitability measure employed by our chief operating decision maker for allocating resources to operating divisions and assessing operating division performance is segment operating income (loss). Segment information is presented consistently with the basis described in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments is shown in the following tables.

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Revenue:
IAN	$	1,520.2			$	1,503.2			$	4,465.6			$	4,453.3
CMG	382.4				419.0				1,075.8				1,128.8
Total	$	1,902.6			$	1,922.2			$	5,541.4			$	5,582.1
Segment operating income (loss):
IAN	$	183.9			$	184.1			$	402.1			$	424.1
CMG	50.1				54.8				127.4				125.2
Corporate and other	(14.9		)		(30.9		)		(74.2		)		(94.0		)
Total	219.1				208.0				455.3				455.3
Interest expense	(21.0		)		(21.7		)		(67.6		)		(68.8		)
Interest income	4.1				4.7				14.0				16.1
Other (expense) income, net	(9.9		)		5.3				(24.5		)		(13.5		)
Income before income taxes	$	192.3			$	196.3			$	377.2			$	389.1
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and intangible assets:
IAN	$	30.7			$	29.1			$	90.8			$	85.9
CMG	4.6				4.9				15.2				14.6
Corporate and other	6.9				5.7				18.5				17.0
Total	$	42.2			$	39.7			$	124.5			$	117.5
Capital expenditures:
IAN	$	29.3			$	39.7			$	77.9			$	86.9
CMG	6.2				4.7				12.9				8.4
Corporate and other	4.3				7.1				17.9				19.2
Total	$	39.8			$	51.5			$	108.7			$	114.5
	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
Total assets:
IAN	$	10,257.7			$	10,660.0
CMG	1,433.4				1,428.3
Corporate and other	25.0				396.9
Total	$	11,716.1			$	12,485.2

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 11:  Fair Value Measurements

Authoritative guidance for fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1		Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2		Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3		Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

We primarily apply the market approach to determine the fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no changes to our valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of financial instruments during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The following tables present information about our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.

	September 30, 2017																Balance Sheet Classification
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	153.2			$	0.0			$	0.0			$	153.2			Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term marketable securities	0.1				0.0				0.0				0.1				Other current assets
Long-term investments	0.4				0.0				0.0				0.4				Other non-current assets
Total	$	153.7			$	0.0			$	0.0			$	153.7
As a percentage of total assets	1.3		%		0.0		%		0.0		%		1.3		%
Liabilities
Contingent acquisition obligations 1	$	0.0			$	0.0			$	164.2			$	164.2
	December 31, 2016																Balance Sheet Classification
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	440.8			$	0.0			$	0.0			$	440.8			Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term marketable securities	3.0				0.0				0.0				3.0				Other current assets
Long-term investments	0.4				0.0				0.0				0.4				Other non-current assets
Total	$	444.2			$	0.0			$	0.0			$	444.2
As a percentage of total assets	3.6		%		0.0		%		0.0		%		3.6		%
Liabilities
Contingent acquisition obligations 1	$	0.0			$	0.0			$	205.4			$	205.4

1

Contingent acquisition obligations includes deferred acquisition payments and unconditional obligations to purchase additional noncontrolling equity shares of consolidated subsidiaries. Fair value measurement of the obligations is based upon actual and projected operating performance targets as specified in the related agreements. The decrease in this balance of $41.2 from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017 is primarily due to payments of $91.4, partially offset by acquisitions and exercised options of $38.2. The amounts payable within the next twelve months are classified in accrued liabilities; any amounts payable thereafter are classified in other non-current liabilities.

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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Financial Instruments that are not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.

	September 30, 2017																December 31, 2016
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
Total long-term debt	$	0.0			$	1,606.2			$	45.9			$	1,652.1			$	0.0			$	1,574.7			$	65.4			$	1,640.1

Our long-term debt is comprised of senior notes and other notes payable. The fair value of our senior notes traded over-the-counter is based on quoted prices for such securities, but for which fair value can also be derived from inputs that are readily observable. Therefore, these senior notes are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Our other notes payable are not actively traded, and their fair value is not solely derived from readily observable inputs. Thus, the fair value of our other notes payable is determined based on proprietary valuation methods and therefore are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 2 for further information on our long-term debt.

Non-financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, primarily accrued restructuring charges.

Non-financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, primarily goodwill, intangible assets, and property and equipment. Accordingly, these assets are not measured and adjusted to fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to periodic evaluations for potential impairment.

Note 12:  Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

We are involved in various legal proceedings, and subject to investigations, inspections, audits, inquiries and similar actions by governmental authorities, arising in the normal course of business. The types of allegations that arise in connection with such legal proceedings may vary in nature, but can include claims related to contract, employment, tax and intellectual property matters. We evaluate all cases each reporting period and record liabilities for losses from legal proceedings when we determine that it is probable that the outcome in a legal proceeding will be unfavorable and the amount, or potential range, of loss can be reasonably estimated. In certain cases, we cannot reasonably estimate the potential loss because, for example, the litigation is in its early stages. While any outcome related to litigation or such governmental proceedings in which we are involved cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

As previously disclosed, on April 10, 2015, a federal judge in Brazil authorized the search of the records of an agency's offices in São Paulo and Brasilia, in connection with an ongoing investigation by Brazilian authorities involving payments potentially connected to local government contracts. The Company had previously investigated the matter and taken a number of remedial and disciplinary actions. The Company is in the process of concluding a settlement related to these matters with government agencies.

The Company confirmed that one of its standalone domestic agencies has been contacted by the Department of Justice Antitrust Division for documents regarding video production practices and is cooperating with the government.

Guarantees

As discussed in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have guaranteed certain obligations of our subsidiaries relating principally to operating leases and uncommitted lines of credit of certain subsidiaries. The amount of parent company guarantees on lease obligations was $827.8 and $857.3 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and the amount of parent company guarantees primarily relating to uncommitted lines of credit was $413.8 and $395.6 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 13:  Recent Accounting Standards

Accounting pronouncements not listed below were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Derivatives and Hedging

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued amended guidance on hedge accounting which expands an entity’s ability to hedge non-financial and financial risk components and aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. The new guidance also eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. This amended guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the adoption of the amended guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Pensions

In March 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance which requires presentation of all net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs, other than service costs, in non-operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. We have early adopted this amended guidance retrospectively as of the quarter ended March 31, 2017 using the practical expedient, which permits the use of amounts disclosed in our Employee Benefits note for prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. This resulted in the reclassification of a portion of postretirement costs from "Salaries and related expenses" to "Other (expense) income, net" in the amount of $4.8 and $0.8 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $6.4 and $2.4 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Restricted Cash

In November 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance which requires that the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows present the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. We have early adopted this amended guidance retrospectively as of the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 now include restricted cash balances of $2.5 and $3.2, respectively, in the beginning-of-period totals and $3.1 and $3.9, respectively, in the end-of-period totals.

Financial Instrument Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The new model uses a forward-looking expected loss method, as opposed to the incurred loss method in current U.S. GAAP, which will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. This amended guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted as early as January 1, 2019. We are currently assessing the impact the adoption of the amended guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on lease accounting which requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on its balance sheet for virtually all of its leases with a term of more than 12 months, including those classified as operating leases. Both the asset and liability will initially be measured at the present value of the future minimum lease payments, with the asset being subject to adjustments such as initial direct costs. Consistent with current U.S. GAAP, the presentation of expenses and cash flows will depend primarily on the classification of the lease as either a finance or an operating lease. The new standard also requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases in order to provide additional information about the nature of an organization’s leasing activities. This amended guidance, which will be effective beginning January 1, 2019, requires modified retrospective application, with early adoption permitted. We expect the adoption of this amended guidance to have a significant impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets but not on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fair Value Measurements

In January 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance which updates the fair value presentation requirements for certain financial instruments. Equity investments with readily determinable fair values, other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting, will be measured at fair value with changes recorded through current earnings rather than other comprehensive income. This amended guidance will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2018, and is required to be adopted prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, if applicable. We do not expect the adoption of this amended guidance to have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance on revenue recognition which requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. We expect to adopt the standard, which is effective January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method. The standard impacts the timing of revenue recognition between quarters, primarily as a result of estimating variable consideration. We have determined that the standard will result in an increase in the number of performance obligations within certain of our contractual arrangements. The standard will also result in an increase in third party costs being included in revenue, primarily in connection with our events businesses, which will have no impact on operating income or net income. Additionally, we continue to evaluate the disclosures that may be required.

Note 14:  Subsequent Events

On October 25, 2017, we amended and restated our Credit Agreement, which was most recently amended and restated on October 20, 2015. The amendment increases the revolving commitments under the Credit Agreement from $1,000.0 to $1,500.0 and extends the Credit Agreement's expiration to October 25, 2022. The Credit Agreement is a revolving facility, under which amounts borrowed by us or any of our subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed. The cost structure, financial covenants and the ability to increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement from time to time by an additional amount of up to $250.0 remain unchanged by the amendment.

On October 25, 2017, the Company increased the maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time under our commercial paper program from $1,000.0 to $1,500.0. Borrowings under the program continue to be supported by the Credit Agreement, and the proceeds of which will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness and other short-term liquidity needs.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to help you understand The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company," "IPG," "we," "us" or "our"). MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included in this report and our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as our other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Our Annual Report includes additional information about our significant accounting policies and practices as well as details about the most significant risks and uncertainties associated with our financial and operating results. Our MD&A includes the following sections:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY provides a discussion about our strategic outlook, factors influencing our business and an overview of our results of operations.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS provides an analysis of the consolidated and segment results of operations for the periods presented.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES provides an overview of our cash flows, funding requirements, financing and sources of funds, and debt credit ratings.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES provides an update to the discussion in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K of our accounting policies that require critical judgment, assumptions and estimates.

RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, by reference to Note 13 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, provides a discussion of certain accounting standards that have been recently adopted or that have not yet been required to be implemented and may be applicable to our future operations.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

We are one of the world’s premier global advertising and marketing services companies. Our companies specialize in consumer advertising, digital marketing, media planning and buying, public relations and specialized communications disciplines. Our agencies create customized marketing programs for clients that range in scale from large global marketers to regional and local clients. Comprehensive global services are critical to effectively serve our multinational and local clients in markets throughout the world as they seek to build brands, increase sales of their products and services, and gain market share.

We operate in a media landscape that continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Media channels continue to fragment, and clients face an increasingly complex consumer environment. To stay ahead of these challenges and to achieve our objectives, we have made and continue to make investments in creative and strategic talent in areas including fast-growth digital marketing channels, high-growth geographic regions and strategic world markets. We consistently review opportunities within our Company to enhance our operations through mergers and strategic alliances as well as through the development of internal programs that encourage intra-company collaboration. As appropriate, we also develop relationships with technology and emerging media companies that are building leading-edge marketing tools that complement our agencies' skill sets and capabilities.

Our financial goals include competitive organic revenue growth and operating margin expansion, which we expect will further strengthen our balance sheet and total liquidity and increase value to our shareholders. Accordingly, we remain focused on meeting the evolving needs of our clients while concurrently managing our cost structure. We continually seek greater efficiency in the delivery of our services, focusing on more effective resource utilization, including the productivity of our employees, real estate, information technology and shared services, such as finance, human resources and legal. The improvements we have made and continue to make in our financial reporting and business information systems in recent years allow us more timely and actionable insights from our global operations. Our disciplined approach to our balance sheet and liquidity provides us with a solid financial foundation and financial flexibility to manage and grow our business. We believe that our strategy and execution position us to meet our financial goals and to deliver long-term shareholder value.

The following tables present a summary of financial performance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

	Three months ended September 30, 2017						Nine months ended September 30, 2017
% Increase/(Decrease)	Total			Organic			Total			Organic
Revenue	(1.0	)%		0.5	%		(0.7	)%		1.1	%
Salaries and related expenses	0.0	%		1.3	%		0.4	%		2.4	%
Office and general expenses	(6.2	)%		(3.3	)%		(4.0	)%		(1.3	)%

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Operating margin	11.5		%		10.8		%		8.2		%		8.2		%
Expenses as % of revenue:
Salaries and related expenses	64.5		%		63.9		%		67.5		%		66.8		%
Office and general expenses	24.0		%		25.3		%		24.3		%		25.1		%
Net income available to IPG common stockholders	$	146.2			$	128.6			$	262.4			$	290.9
Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.38			$	0.32			$	0.67			$	0.73
Diluted	$	0.37			$	0.32			$	0.66			$	0.71

When we analyze period-to-period changes in our operating performance, we determine the portion of the change that is attributable to changes in foreign currency rates and the net effect of acquisitions and divestitures, and the remainder we call organic change, which indicates how our underlying business performed. The performance metrics that we use to evaluate our results include the organic change in revenue, salaries and related expenses, and office and general expenses, and the components of operating expenses expressed as a percentage of total consolidated revenue. Additionally, in certain of our discussions we analyze revenue by geographic region and also by business sector, in which we focus on our top 100 clients, which typically constitute approximately 55% to 60% of our annual consolidated revenues.

The change in our operating performance attributable to changes in foreign currency rates is determined by converting the prior-period reported results using the current-period exchange rates and comparing these prior-period adjusted amounts to the prior-period reported results. Although the U.S. Dollar is our reporting currency, a substantial portion of our revenues and expenses are generated in foreign currencies. Therefore, our reported results are affected by fluctuations in the currencies in which we conduct our international businesses. Our exposure is mitigated as the majority of our revenues and expenses in any given market are generally denominated in the same currency. Both positive and negative currency fluctuations against the U.S. Dollar affect our consolidated results of operations, and the magnitude of the foreign currency impact to our operations related to each geographic region depends on the significance and operating performance of the region. The foreign currency that most adversely impacted our results during the first nine months of 2017 was the British Pound Sterling, partially offset by the Brazilian Real.

For purposes of analyzing changes in our operating performance attributable to the net effect of acquisitions and divestitures, transactions are treated as if they occurred on the first day of the quarter during which the transaction occurred. During the past few years, we have acquired companies that we believe will enhance our offerings and disposed of businesses that are not consistent with our strategic plan. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on acquisitions.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Results of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

REVENUE

Our revenue is directly impacted by the retention and spending levels of existing clients and by our ability to win new clients. Most of our expenses are recognized ratably throughout the year and are therefore less seasonal than revenue. Our revenue is typically lowest in the first quarter and highest in the fourth quarter, reflecting the seasonal spending of our clients, incentives earned at year end on various contracts and project work completed that is typically recognized during the fourth quarter. In the events marketing business, revenues can fluctuate due to the timing of completed projects, as revenue is typically recognized when the project is complete. When we act as principal for these projects, we record the gross amount billed to the client as revenue, and the related costs are incurred as pass-through costs in office and general expenses.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

					Components of Change																Change
	Three months ended September 30, 2016				Foreign Currency				Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)				Organic				Three months ended September 30, 2017				Organic			Total
Consolidated	$	1,922.2			$	7.7			$	(37.2	)		$	9.9			$	1,902.6			0.5	%		(1.0	)%
Domestic	1,165.9				0.0				(25.0		)		15.1				1,156.0				1.3	%		(0.8	)%
International	756.3				7.7				(12.2		)		(5.2		)		746.6				(0.7	)%		(1.3	)%
United Kingdom	174.0				(4.3		)		1.4				5.3				176.4				3.0	%		1.4	%
Continental Europe	147.6				6.4				(4.0		)		0.6				150.6				0.4	%		2.0	%
Asia Pacific	217.9				0.8				(0.2		)		(4.6		)		213.9				(2.1	)%		(1.8	)%
Latin America	103.6				2.4				(10.4		)		(10.3		)		85.3				(9.9	)%		(17.7	)%
Other	113.2				2.4				1.0				3.8				120.4				3.4	%		6.4	%

During the third quarter of 2017, our revenue decreased by $19.6, or 1.0%, compared to the third quarter of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $9.9, or 0.5% and a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $7.7, offset by the effect of net divestitures of $37.2. Our organic revenue increase was primarily attributable to growth within the healthcare sector, offset by decreases in the technology and telecom sector. The organic revenue increase in our domestic market was mainly driven by our media and advertising businesses, partially offset by declines within our digital specialist agencies and a decrease in pass-through revenue related to certain projects where we acted as principal that decreased in size or did not recur in our events businesses during the third quarter of 2017, the impact of which is also reflected as a comparable reduction in office and general expenses. In our international markets, the organic revenue decrease was primarily attributable to decreases at our advertising businesses in Latin America, most notably in Brazil, and the Asia Pacific region, partially offset by growth across all regions at our media businesses as well as growth at our advertising businesses in the United Kingdom.

					Components of Change																Change
	Nine months ended September 30, 2016				Foreign Currency				Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)				Organic				Nine months ended September 30, 2017				Organic			Total
Consolidated	$	5,582.1			$	(30.7	)		$	(73.8	)		$	63.8			$	5,541.4			1.1	%		(0.7	)%
Domestic	3,426.2				0.0				(52.5		)		54.6				3,428.3				1.6	%		0.1	%
International	2,155.9				(30.7		)		(21.3		)		9.2				2,113.1				0.4	%		(2.0	)%
United Kingdom	495.3				(44.5		)		12.5				8.5				471.8				1.7	%		(4.7	)%
Continental Europe	468.1				(3.9		)		(13.3		)		6.1				457.0				1.3	%		(2.4	)%
Asia Pacific	617.7				(0.7		)		2.4				(12.0		)		607.4				(1.9	)%		(1.7	)%
Latin America	255.7				14.3				(24.6		)		(7.9		)		237.5				(3.1	)%		(7.1	)%
Other	319.1				4.1				1.7				14.5				339.4				4.5	%		6.4	%

During the first nine months of 2017, our revenue decreased by $40.7, or 0.7%, compared to the first nine months of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $63.8, or 1.1%, offset by the effect of net divestitures of $73.8 and an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $30.7. Our organic revenue increase was primarily attributable to growth within the healthcare sector, offset by decreases in the technology and telecom sector. The organic increase in our domestic market was mainly driven by our media and advertising businesses, offset by weakness in our events and branding businesses. In our international markets, the organic revenue increase was primarily driven by growth across all regions at our media businesses and our advertising businesses in the United Kingdom, partially offset by decreases at our advertising businesses in the Asia Pacific and Latin America regions and our events businesses in the United Kingdom, primarily as a result of certain projects where we no longer act as principal.

Refer to the segment discussion later in this MD&A for information on changes in revenue by segment.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

OPERATING EXPENSES

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Salaries and related expenses	$	1,227.6			$	1,228.0			$	3,742.3			$	3,726.3
Office and general expenses	455.9				486.2				1,343.8				1,400.5
Total operating expenses	$	1,683.5			$	1,714.2			$	5,086.1			$	5,126.8
Operating income	$	219.1			$	208.0			$	455.3			$	455.3

In the third quarter of 2017, total operating expenses decreased 1.8%, compared to our revenue decrease of 1.0%, from the third quarter of 2016, resulting in operating margin expansion to 11.5% from 10.8%. In the first nine months of 2017, total operating expenses decreased 0.8%, compared to our revenue decrease of 0.7%, from the first nine months of 2016, resulting in an operating margin of 8.2%, which remains flat as compared to the prior-year period.

Salaries and Related Expenses

					Components of Change																Change
	2016				Foreign Currency				Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)				Organic				2017				Organic			Total
Three months ended September 30,	$	1,228.0			$	4.6			$	(21.0	)		$	16.0			$	1,227.6			1.3	%		0.0	%
Nine months ended September 30,	3,726.3				(24.6		)		(49.4		)		90.0				3,742.3				2.4	%		0.4	%

Salaries and related expenses in the third quarter of 2017 decreased by $0.4 compared to the third quarter of 2016, comprised of an organic increase of $16.0 and an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $4.6, offset by the effect of net divestitures of $21.0. The organic increase was primarily attributable to an increase in base salaries, benefits and tax, partially offset by lower incentive expense. Our staff cost ratio, defined as salaries and related expenses as a percentage of total consolidated revenue, increased in the third quarter of 2017 to 64.5% from 63.9%, when compared to the prior-year period.

Salaries and related expenses in the first nine months of 2017 increased by $16.0 compared to the first nine months of 2016, comprised of an organic increase of $90.0, partially offset by the effect of net divestitures of $49.4 and a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $24.6. The organic increase was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2017, as well as lower acquisition-related contractual compensation, which is classified within all other salaries and related expenses in the table below. Our staff cost ratio increased in the first nine months of 2017 to 67.5% from 66.8% when compared to the prior-year period.

The following table details our staff cost ratio.

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Salaries and related expenses	64.5	%		63.9	%		67.5	%		66.8	%
Base salaries, benefits and tax	55.7	%		53.5	%		57.3	%		55.6	%
Incentive expense	2.0	%		3.7	%		3.1	%		3.8	%
Severance expense	0.8	%		0.7	%		1.0	%		1.0	%
Temporary help	3.8	%		3.9	%		3.9	%		3.9	%
All other salaries and related expenses	2.2	%		2.1	%		2.2	%		2.5	%

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Office and General Expenses

					Components of Change																Change
	2016				Foreign Currency				Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)				Organic				2017				Organic			Total
Three months ended September 30,	$	486.2			$	(0.2	)		$	(13.9	)		$	(16.2	)		$	455.9			(3.3	)%		(6.2	)%
Nine months ended September 30,	1,400.5				(10.8		)		(27.9		)		(18.0		)		1,343.8				(1.3	)%		(4.0	)%

Office and general expenses in the third quarter of 2017 decreased by $30.3 compared to the third quarter of 2016, comprised of an organic decrease of $16.2, the effect of net divestitures of $13.9 and a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $0.2. The organic decrease was attributable to lower production expenses related to pass-through costs, which are also reflected in revenue, partially offset by higher occupancy costs. Our office and general expense ratio, defined as office and general expenses as a percentage of total consolidated revenue, decreased in the third quarter of 2017 to 24.0% from 25.3%, when compared to the prior-year period.

Office and general expenses in the first nine months of 2017 decreased by $56.7 compared to the first nine months of 2016, comprised of an organic decrease of $18.0, the effect of net divestitures of $27.9 and a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $10.8. The organic decrease was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2017, as well as decreases in adjustments to contingent acquisition obligations, as compared to the prior year. Our office and general expense ratio decreased in the first nine months of 2017 to 24.3% from 25.1%, when compared to the prior-year period.

The following table details our office and general expense ratio.

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Office and general expenses	24.0	%		25.3	%		24.3	%		25.1	%
Professional fees	1.4	%		1.4	%		1.6	%		1.5	%
Occupancy expense (excluding depreciation and amortization)	6.9	%		6.6	%		7.0	%		6.8	%
Travel & entertainment, office supplies and telecommunications	2.8	%		2.8	%		3.1	%		3.2	%
All other office and general expenses 1	12.9	%		14.5	%		12.6	%		13.6	%

1	Includes production expenses and, to a lesser extent, depreciation and amortization, bad debt expense, adjustments to contingent acquisition obligations, foreign currency losses (gains), spending to support new business activity, net restructuring and other reorganization-related charges (reversals), long-lived asset impairments and other expenses.

EXPENSES AND OTHER INCOME

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Cash interest on debt obligations	$	(21.0	)		$	(19.5	)		$	(60.1	)		$	(59.8	)
Non-cash interest	0.0				(2.2		)		(7.5		)		(9.0		)
Interest expense	(21.0		)		(21.7		)		(67.6		)		(68.8		)
Interest income	4.1				4.7				14.0				16.1
Net interest expense	(16.9		)		(17.0		)		(53.6		)		(52.7		)
Other (expense) income, net	(9.9		)		5.3				(24.5		)		(13.5		)
Total (expenses) and other income	$	(26.8	)		$	(11.7	)		$	(78.1	)		$	(66.2	)

Net Interest Expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net interest expense increased by $0.9 as compared to prior-year period, primarily due to lower interest income from our international markets, partially offset by a decrease in non-cash interest expense from revaluations of mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 include certain items that are not directly associated with our revenue-producing operations.

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Net (losses) gains on sales of businesses and investments	$	(6.2	)		$	3.9			$	(18.3	)		$	(14.6	)
Other (expense) income, net	(3.7		)		1.4				(6.2		)		1.1
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(9.9	)		$	5.3			$	(24.5	)		$	(13.5	)

Net (Losses) Gains on Sales of Businesses and Investments – During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the amounts recognized are primarily related to sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets and liabilities, consisting primarily of accounts receivable and accounts payable, respectively, as held for sale within our Integrated Agency Networks ("IAN") operating segment. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the amounts recognized are primarily related to sales of businesses within our IAN segment.

INCOME TAXES

	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				2017				2016
Income before income taxes	$	192.3			$	196.3			$	377.2			$	389.1
Provision for income taxes	$	42.5			$	63.8			$	115.8			$	91.9
Effective income tax rate	22.1		%		32.5		%		30.7		%		23.6		%

Our tax rates are affected by many factors, including our worldwide earnings from various countries, changes in legislation and tax characteristics of our income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, our effective income tax rates of 22.1% and 30.7%, respectively, were positively impacted by a benefit of $31.2 related to foreign tax credits from distributions of unremitted earnings, partially offset by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances and by losses on sales of businesses, and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, for which we did not receive a full tax benefit. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, our effective income tax rate was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which is typically recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, our effective income tax rate of 23.6% was positively impacted by the settlement of 2011 and 2012 income tax audits which included the recognition of certain previously unrecognized tax benefits of $23.4, the reversal of valuation allowances of $12.2 as a consequence of the disposition of certain businesses in Continental Europe, excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments and the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits as a result of a lapse in statute of limitations. The positive impacts to our tax rates were partially offset by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances and by losses on sales of businesses for which we did not receive a full tax benefit.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $0.38 and $0.67, respectively, compared to $0.32 and $0.73 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $0.37 and $0.66, respectively, compared to $0.32 and $0.71 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, net income available to IPG common stockholders included $31.2 related to foreign tax credits from distributions of unremitted earnings, resulting in a positive impact of $0.08 on basic and diluted earnings per share for both periods. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, net income available to IPG common stockholders included net losses of $7.0 and $19.2, respectively, on sales of businesses, and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, resulting in negative impacts of $0.02 and $0.05, respectively, to basic and diluted earnings per share.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net income available to IPG common stockholders included the recognition of certain previously unrecognized tax benefits totaling $23.4, losses of $15.7, net of tax, on sales of businesses in our international markets, and a benefit of $12.2 related to the reversals of valuation allowances as a consequence of the sales of businesses, resulting in impacts of $0.06, ($0.04) and $0.03, respectively, to basic and diluted earnings per share.

Segment Results of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

As discussed in Note 10 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, we have two reportable segments as of September 30, 2017: IAN and Constituency Management Group ("CMG"). We also report results for the "Corporate and other" group.

IAN

REVENUE

					Components of Change																Change
	Three months ended September 30, 2016				Foreign Currency				Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)				Organic				Three months ended September 30, 2017				Organic			Total
Consolidated	$	1,503.2			$	8.7			$	(22.4	)		$	30.7			$	1,520.2			2.0	%		1.1	%
Domestic	893.8				0.0				(17.4		)		31.6				908.0				3.5	%		1.6	%
International	609.4				8.7				(5.0		)		(0.9		)		612.2				(0.1	)%		0.5	%

During the third quarter of 2017, IAN revenue increased by $17.0 compared to the third quarter of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $30.7 and a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $8.7, partially offset by the effect of net divestitures of $22.4. The organic revenue increase was primarily attributable to growth within the healthcare sector, partially offset by decreases in the financial services and technology and telecom sectors. The organic revenue increase in our domestic market was mainly driven by our media and advertising businesses, partially offset by a decline within our digital specialist agencies. In our international markets, the slight organic revenue decrease was primarily attributable to decreases at our advertising businesses in Latin America, most notably in Brazil, and the Asia Pacific region, as well as a decline in our digital specialist agencies in the United Kingdom, partially offset by growth across all regions at our media businesses as well as growth at our advertising businesses in the United Kingdom.

					Components of Change																Change
	Nine months ended September 30, 2016				Foreign Currency				Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)				Organic				Nine months ended September 30, 2017				Organic			Total
Consolidated	$	4,453.3			$	(15.9	)		$	(49.1	)		$	77.3			$	4,465.6			1.7	%		0.3	%
Domestic	2,675.9				0.0				(36.0		)		67.7				2,707.6				2.5	%		1.2	%
International	1,777.4				(15.9		)		(13.1		)		9.6				1,758.0				0.5	%		(1.1	)%

During the first nine months of 2017, IAN revenue increased by $12.3 compared to the first nine months of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $77.3, partially offset by the effect of net divestitures of $49.1 and an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $15.9. The organic revenue increase was primarily attributable to growth within the healthcare sector, partially offset by decreases in the financial services and technology and telecom sectors. The organic revenue increase in our domestic market was driven by growth across all disciplines, most notably at our media and advertising businesses. In our international markets, the organic increase was primarily driven by growth at our media businesses across all regions, most notably in Canada within our Other region and in Latin America, as well as our advertising businesses in the United Kingdom, partially offset by decreases at our advertising businesses in the Asia Pacific and Latin America regions.

SEGMENT OPERATING INCOME

	Three months ended September 30,											Nine months ended September 30,
	2017				2016				Change			2017				2016				Change
Segment operating income	$	183.9			$	184.1			(0.1	)%		$	402.1			$	424.1			(5.2	)%
Operating margin	12.1		%		12.2		%					9.0		%		9.5		%

 

26

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Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Operating income decreased during the third quarter of 2017 when compared to the third quarter of 2016, due to an increase in revenue of $17.0, as discussed above, and a decrease in office and general expenses of $5.9, offset by an increase in salaries and related expenses of $23.1. The increase in salaries and related expenses was primarily due to an increase in base salaries, benefits and tax, partially offset by lower incentive expense. The decrease in office and general expenses was attributable to lower production expenses related to pass-through costs, which are also reflected in revenue, and lower bad debt expense, partially offset by higher occupancy costs.

Operating income decreased during the first nine months of 2017 when compared to the first nine months of 2016, comprised of an increase in revenue of $12.3, as discussed above, and a decrease in office and general expenses of $18.1, offset by an increase in salaries and related expenses of $52.4. The increase in salaries and related expenses was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2017, partially offset by lower acquisition-related contractual compensation. The decrease in office and general expenses was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2017.

CMG

REVENUE

					Components of Change																Change
	Three months ended September 30, 2016				Foreign Currency				Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)				Organic				Three months ended September 30, 2017				Organic			Total
Consolidated	$	419.0			$	(1.0	)		$	(14.8	)		$	(20.8	)		$	382.4			(5.0	)%		(8.7	)%
Domestic	272.1				0.0				(7.6		)		(16.5		)		248.0				(6.1	)%		(8.9	)%
International	146.9				(1.0		)		(7.2		)		(4.3		)		134.4				(2.9	)%		(8.5	)%

During the third quarter of 2017, CMG revenue decreased by $36.6 compared to the third quarter of 2016, due to an organic revenue decrease of $20.8, the effect of net divestitures of $14.8 and an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $1.0. The organic revenue decreases in our domestic and international markets were primarily driven by a decrease in pass-through revenue related to certain projects where we acted as principal that decreased in size or did not recur in our events businesses during the third quarter of 2017, the impact of which is also reflected as a comparable reduction in office and general expenses.

Components of Change

Change

Nine months ended September 30, 2016

Foreign Currency

Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)

Organic

Nine months ended September 30, 2017

Organic

Total

Consolidated

$

1,128.8

$

(14.8

)