INTEVAC INC - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)

INTEVAC INC - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)

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10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 28, 2020

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 0-26946

INTEVAC, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

94-3125814

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(IRS Employer
Identification No.)

3560 Bassett Street

Santa Clara, California 95054

(Address of principal executive office, including Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 986-9888

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock ($0.001 par value)

IVAC

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq) Global Select

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

On April 28, 2020, 23,489,111 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, were outstanding.

INTEVAC, INC.

INDEX


No.		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations		4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss		5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		6

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		20

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		25

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		25

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		26

Item 1A.	Risk Factors		26

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		33

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities		33

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures		33

Item 5.	Other Information		33

Item 6.	Exhibits		33

SIGNATURES			34

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

INTEVAC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	March 28, 2020			December 28, 2019
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands, except par value)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,450		$	19,767
Short-term investments		16,441			16,720
Trade and other accounts receivable, net of allowances of $0 at both March 28, 2020 and at December 28, 2019		23,021			28,619
Inventories		27,208			24,907
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,897			1,504

Total current assets		90,017			91,517
Long-term investments		4,549			5,537
Restricted cash		787			787
Property, plant and equipment, net		12,038			11,598
Operating lease right-of-use-assets		9,730			10,279
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $8,267 at March 28, 2020 and $8,113 at December 28, 2019		120			274
Deferred income taxes and other long-term assets		6,138			6,330

Total assets	$	123,379		$	126,322

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	$	2,614		$	2,524
Accounts payable		4,747			4,199
Accrued payroll and related liabilities		4,030			6,488
Other accrued liabilities		2,651			3,593
Customer advances		4,696			4,007

Total current liabilities		18,738			20,811
Noncurrent liabilities:
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		8,819			9,532
Other long-term liabilities		153			186

Total noncurrent liabilities		8,972			9,718
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value		23			23
Additional paid-in capital		189,876			188,290
Treasury stock, 5,087 shares at March 28, 2020 and 4,989 shares at December 28, 2019		(29,551	)		(29,158	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		331			424
Accumulated deficit		(65,010	)		(63,786	)

Total stockholders’ equity		95,669			95,793

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	123,379		$	126,322

Note: Amounts as of December 28, 2019 are derived from the December 28, 2019 audited consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes.

INTEVAC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net revenues:
Systems and components	$	13,836		$	21,637
Technology development		5,004			3,190

Total net revenues		18,840			24,827
Cost of net revenues:
Systems and components		7,767			15,100
Technology development		2,917			2,488

Total cost of net revenues		10,684			17,588

Gross profit		8,156			7,239
Operating expenses:
Research and development		3,284			3,986
Selling, general and administrative		5,972			5,252

Total operating expenses		9,256			9,238

Loss from operations		(1,100	)		(1,999	)
Interest income and other income (expense), net		142			160

Loss before provision for income taxes		(958	)		(1,839	)
Provision for income taxes		266			553

Net loss	$	(1,224	)	$	(2,392	)

Net loss per share:
Basic and Diluted	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.10	)

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and Diluted		23,483			22,855

See accompanying notes.

INTEVAC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands)
Net loss	$	(1,224	)	$	(2,392	)

Other comprehensive income, before tax:
Change in unrealized net gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments		2			45
Foreign currency translation gains (losses)		(95	)		61

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax		(93	)		106

Income tax provision related to items in other comprehensive income		—			—

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(93	)		106

Comprehensive loss	$	(1,317	)	$	(2,286	)

See accompanying notes.

INTEVAC, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands)
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(1,224	)	$	(2,392	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		858			1,036
Net amortization (accretion) of investment premiums and discounts		(19	)		(16	)
Equity-based compensation		672			756
Straight-line rent adjustment and amortization of lease incentives		(74	)		(85	)
Deferred income taxes		114			332
Change in the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration		—			7
Loss on disposal of equipment		—			45
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		786			1,286

Total adjustments		2,337			3,361

Net cash provided by operating activities		1,113			969
Investing activities
Purchases of investments		(4,242	)		(5,045	)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments		5,530			8,396
Purchases of leasehold improvements and equipment		(1,145	)		(371	)

Net cash provided by investing activities		143			2,980
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		950			1,021
Common stock repurchases		(393	)		—
Taxes paid related to net share settlement		(36	)		(28	)
Payment of acquisition-related contingent consideration		—			(98	)

Net cash provided by financing activities		521			895

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(94	)		63

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		1,683			4,907
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		20,554			19,884

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	22,237		$	24,791

See accompanying notes.

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1.	Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Intevac, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries “Intevac,” the “Company” or “we”) is a provider of vacuum deposition equipment for a wide variety of thin-film applications, and a leading provider of digital night-vision technologies and products to the defense industry. The Company leverages its core capabilities in high-volume manufacturing of small substrates to provide process manufacturing equipment solutions to the hard disk drive (“HDD”), display cover panel (“DCP”), and photovoltaic (“PV”) solar cell industries. Intevac also provides sensors, cameras and systems for government applications such as night vision. Intevac’s customers include manufacturers of hard disk media, DCPs and solar cells as well as the U.S. government and its agencies, allies and contractors. Intevac reports two segments: Thin-film Equipment (“TFE”) and Photonics.

In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Intevac included herein have been prepared on a basis consistent with the December 28, 2019 audited consolidated financial statements and include all material adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly present the information set forth therein.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a pandemic, and the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency. The rapid spread of the pandemic and the continuously evolving responses to combat it have had an increasingly negative impact on the global economy. In view of the rapidly changing business environment, unprecedented market volatility and heightened degree of uncertainty resulting from COVID-19, we are currently unable to fully determine its future impact on our business. However, we are monitoring the progression of the pandemic and its potential effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. On April 27, 2020, the Singapore government directed us to suspend all on-site activities at our factory in Singapore until further notice. For further discussion, please see below under “Note 16. Subsequent Events.”

2.	Revenue

The following tables represent a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 along with the reportable segment for each category.

Major Products and Service Lines


TFE	Three Months Ended March 28, 2020								Three Months Ended March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
	HDD		DCP		PV		Total		HDD		DCP		PV		Total
Systems, upgrades and spare parts	$	6,361	$	—	$	208	$	6,569	$	11,050	$	—	$	6,373	$	17,423
Field service		1,393		—		—		1,393		1,522		—		—		1,522

Total TFE net revenues	$	7,754	$	—	$	208	$	7,962	$	12,572	$	—	$	6,373	$	18,945


	Three Months Ended
Photonics	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
Products:
Military products	$	5,365	$	1,813
Commercial products		79		318
Repair and other services		430		561

Total Photonics product net revenues		5,874		2,692
Technology development:
Firm Fixed Price (“FFP”)		4,430		1,692
Cost Plus Fixed Fee (“CPFF”)		574		1,496
Time and materials		—		2

Total technology development net revenues		5,004		3,190

Total Photonics net revenues	$	10,878	$	5,882

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Primary Geographical Markets


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020						March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
	TFE		Photonics		Total		TFE		Photonics		Total
United States	$	519	$	10,856	$	11,375	$	161	$	5,716	$	5,877
Asia		7,443		—		7,443		18,784		—		18,784
Europe		—		22		22		—		166		166

Total net revenues	$	7,962	$	10,878	$	18,840	$	18,945	$	5,882	$	24,827

Timing of Revenue Recognition


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020						March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
	TFE		Photonics		Total		TFE		Photonics		Total
Products transferred at a point in time	$	7,962	$	430	$	8,392	$	18,945	$	561	$	19,506
Products and services transferred over time		—		10,448		10,448		—		5,321		5,321

	$	7,962	$	10,878	$	18,840	$	18,945	$	5,882	$	24,827

The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets, which we classify as accounts receivable, unbilled or retainage, and our contract liabilities, which we classify as deferred revenue and customer advances, for the three months ended March 28 2020.


	March 28, 2020		December 28, 2019		Three Months Change
	(In thousands)
TFE:
Contract assets:
Accounts receivable, unbilled	$	—	$	760	$	(760	)

Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue	$	486	$	320	$	166
Customer advances		4,696		4,007		689

	$	5,182	$	4,327	$	855

Photonics:
Contract assets:
Accounts receivable, unbilled	$	6,187	$	3,210	$	2,977
Retainage		103		99		4

	$	6,290	$	3,309	$	2,981

Accounts receivable, unbilled in our TFE segment represents a contract asset for revenue that has been recognized in advance of billing the customer. For our system and certain upgrade sales, our TFE customers generally pay in three installments, with a portion of the system price billed upon receipt of an order, a portion of the price billed upon shipment, and the balance of the price due upon completion of installation and acceptance of the system at the customer’s factory. Accounts receivable, unbilled in our TFE segment generally represents the balance of the system price that is due upon completion of installation and acceptance less, the amount that has been deferred as revenue for the performance of the installation tasks. During the three months ended March 28, 2020, contract assets in our TFE segment decreased by $760,000 primarily due to the recognition of revenue for the installation portion of revenue for two systems that completed installation and acceptance during the quarter.

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Customer advances in our TFE segment generally represent a contract liability for amounts billed to the customer prior to transferring goods. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient to disregard the effect of the time value of money in a significant financing component when its payment terms are less than one year. These contract advances are liquidated when revenue is recognized. Deferred revenue in our TFE segment generally represents a contract liability for amounts billed to a customer for completed systems at the customer site that are undergoing installation and acceptance testing where transfer of control has not yet occurred as Intevac does not yet have a demonstrated history of meeting the acceptance criteria upon the customer’s receipt of product. During the three months ended March 28, 2020, we recognized revenue in our TFE segment of $155,000 and $21,000 that was included in customer advances and deferred revenue, respectively, at the beginning of the period.

Accounts receivable, unbilled in our Photonics segment represents a contract asset for revenue that has been recognized in advance of billing the customer, which is common for contracts in the defense industry. In our Photonics segment, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals (e.g., monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. Our contracts with the U.S. government may also contain retainage provisions. Retainage represents a contract asset for the portion of the contract price earned by us for work performed, but held for payment by the U.S. government as a form of security until satisfactory completion of the contract. The retainage is billable upon completion of the contract performance and approval of final indirect expense rates by the government. During the three months ended March 28, 2020, contract assets in our Photonics segment increased by $3.0 million primarily due to the accrual of revenue for incurred costs under FFP and CPFF contracts.

On March 28, 2020 we had $87.2 million of remaining performance obligations, which we also refer to as total backlog. Backlog at March 28, 2020 consisted of $22.4 million of TFE backlog and $64.8 million of Photonics backlog. We expect to recognize approximately 59% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue in 2020, 21% in 2021, 13% in 2022 and 7% in 2023.

3.	Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value and consist of the following:


	March 28, 2020		December 28, 2019
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	13,502	$	15,286
Work-in-progress		7,272		4,748
Finished goods		6,434		4,873

	$	27,208	$	24,907

Finished goods inventory at March 28, 2020 and at December 28, 2019 included one VERTEX SPECTRA system for DCP under evaluation at a customer’s factory and one MATRIX PVD system for advanced semiconductor packaging under evaluation at a customer’s factory.

4.	Equity-Based Compensation

At March 28, 2020, Intevac had equity-based awards outstanding under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (together, the “Plans”) and the 2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). Intevac’s stockholders approved all of these plans. The Plans permit the grant of incentive or non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance shares.

The ESPP provides that eligible employees may purchase Intevac’s common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value at the entry date of the applicable offering period or at the end of each applicable purchase interval. Offering periods are generally two years in length, and consist of a series of six-month purchase intervals. Eligible employees may join the ESPP at the beginning of any six-month purchase interval. Under the terms of the ESPP, employees can choose to have up to 15% of their base earnings withheld to purchase Intevac common stock.

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Compensation Expense

The effect of recording equity-based compensation for the three-month periods ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
Equity-based compensation by type of award:
Stock options	$	215	$	206
RSUs		366		291
Employee stock purchase plan		91		259

Total equity-based compensation	$	672	$	756

Stock Options and ESPP

The fair value of stock options and ESPP awards is estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The determination of fair value of stock options and ESPP awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by Intevac’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual employee stock option exercise behavior.

Option activity as of March 28, 2020 and changes during the three months ended March 28, 2020 were as follows:


	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding at December 28, 2019		2,096,610		$	6.63
Options granted		6,000		$	4.88
Options cancelled and forfeited		(2,998	)	$	6.70
Options exercised		(41,214	)	$	4.74

Options outstanding at March 28, 2020		2,058,398		$	6.66

Options exercisable at March 28, 2020		1,304,343		$	6.77

Intevac issued 189,833 shares of common stock under the ESPP during the three months ended March 28, 2020.

Intevac estimated the weighted-average fair value of stock options and ESPP purchase rights using the following weighted-average assumptions:


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019
Stock Options:
Weighted-average fair value of grants per share	$	1.82		$	2.28
Expected volatility		46.06	%		43.40	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.44	%		2.21	%
Expected term of options (in years)		4.39			4.32
Dividend yield		None			None
ESPP Purchase Rights:
Weighted-average fair value of grants per share	$	1.66		$	1.89
Expected volatility		36.69	%		50.00	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.56	%		2.53	%
Expected term of purchase rights (in years)		0.5			1.0
Dividend yield		None			None

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

The computation of the expected volatility assumptions used in the Black-Scholes calculations for new stock option grants and ESPP purchase rights is based on the historical volatility of Intevac’s stock price, measured over a period equal to the expected term of the stock option grant or purchase right. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury Strips with an equivalent remaining term. The expected term of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the equity-based awards and vesting schedules. The expected term of purchase rights represents the period of time remaining in the current offering period. The dividend yield assumption is based on Intevac’s history of not paying dividends and the assumption of not paying dividends in the future. Intevac accounts for forfeitures as they occur, rather than by estimating expected forfeitures.

RSUs

A summary of the RSU activity is as follows:


	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested RSUs at December 28, 2019		553,355		$	6.15
Granted		15,625		$	5.09
Vested		(15,611	)	$	6.33
Cancelled and forfeited		(248	)	$	6.94

Non-vested RSUs at March 28, 2020		553,121		$	6.11

Time-based RSUs are converted into shares of Intevac common stock upon vesting on a one-for-one basis. Time-based RSUs typically are scheduled to vest over four years. Vesting of time-based RSUs is subject to the grantee’s continued service with Intevac. The compensation expense related to these awards is determined using the fair market value of Intevac common stock on the date of the grant, and the compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period.

5.	Purchased Intangible Assets

Details of finite-lived intangible assets by segment as of March 28, 2020, are as follows:


	March 28, 2020
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
	(In thousands)
TFE	$	7,172	$	(7,077	)	$	95
Photonics		1,215		(1,190	)		25

	$	8,387	$	(8,267	)	$	120

Total amortization expense of finite-lived intangibles for the three months ended March 28, 2020 was $154,000.

As of March 28, 2020, future amortization expense is expected to be as follows:


(In thousands)
2020	$	120

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

6.	Acquisition-Related Contingent Consideration

In connection with the acquisition of Solar Implant Technologies, Inc. (“SIT”), Intevac agreed to pay to the selling shareholders in cash a revenue earnout on Intevac’s net revenues from commercial sales of certain products over a specified period up to an aggregate of $9.0 million. The earnout period terminated on June 30, 2019. There is no remaining contingent consideration obligation associated with the earnout agreement at March 28, 2020. The following table represents a reconciliation of the change in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability for the three-month period ended March 30, 2019.


	Three Months Ended
	March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
Opening balance	$	223
Changes in fair value		7
Cash payments made		(98	)

Closing balance	$	132

7.	Warranty

Intevac provides for the estimated cost of warranty when revenue is recognized. Intevac’s warranty is subject to contract terms and, for its HDD manufacturing, DCP manufacturing and solar cell manufacturing systems, the warranty typically ranges between 12 and 24 months from customer acceptance. During this warranty period any defective non-consumable parts are replaced and installed at no charge to the customer. Intevac uses estimated repair or replacement costs along with its historical warranty experience to determine its warranty obligation. The provision for the estimated future costs of warranty is based upon historical cost and product performance experience. Intevac exercises judgment in determining the underlying estimates.

On the condensed consolidated balance sheets, the short-term portion of the warranty provision is included in other accrued liabilities, while the long-term portion is included in other long-term liabilities. The expense associated with product warranties issued or adjusted is included in cost of net revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table displays the activity in the warranty provision account for the three-month periods ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019.


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
Opening balance	$	1,022		$	997
Expenditures incurred under warranties		(120	)		(167	)
Accruals for product warranties issued during the reporting period		25			324
Adjustments to previously existing warranty accruals		(202	)		143

Closing balance	$	725		$	1,297

The following table displays the balance sheet classification of the warranty provision account at March 28, 2020 and at December 28, 2019.


	March 28,		December 28,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Other accrued liabilities	$	582	$	846
Other long-term liabilities		143		176

Total warranty provision	$	725	$	1,022

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

8.	Guarantees

Officer and Director Indemnifications

As permitted or required under Delaware law and to the maximum extent allowable under that law, Intevac has certain obligations to indemnify its current and former officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at Intevac’s request in such capacity. These indemnification obligations are valid as long as the director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The maximum potential amount of future payments Intevac could be required to make under these indemnification obligations is unlimited; however, Intevac has a director and officer insurance policy that mitigates Intevac’s exposure and enables Intevac to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of Intevac’s insurance policy coverage, Intevac believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification obligations is not material.

Other Indemnifications

As is customary in Intevac’s industry, many of Intevac’s contracts provide remedies to certain third parties such as defense, settlement, or payment of judgments for intellectual property claims related to the use of its products. Such indemnification obligations may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. Historically, payments made related to these indemnifications have been immaterial.

Letters of Credit

As of March 28, 2020, we had letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding totaling $787,000, including the standby letter of credit outstanding under the Santa Clara, California facility lease and various other guarantees with our bank. These letters of credit and bank guarantees are collateralized by $787,000 of restricted cash.

9.	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments consist of:


	March 28, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Holding Gains		Unrealized Holding Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	17,782	$	—	$	—	$	17,782
Money market funds		3,168		—		—		3,168
Certificates of deposit		500		—		—		500

Total cash and cash equivalents	$	21,450	$	—	$	—	$	21,450
Short-term investments:
Certificates of deposit	$	3,800	$	5	$	9	$	3,796
Commercial paper		1,894		1		1		1,894
Corporate bonds and medium-term notes		7,309		5		8		7,306
U.S. treasury and agency securities		3,433		12		—		3,445

Total short-term investments	$	16,436	$	23	$	18	$	16,441
Long-term investments:
Certificates of deposit	$	999	$	2	$	14	$	987
Corporate bonds and medium-term notes		1,015		3		—		1,018
U.S. treasury and agency securities		2,495		49		—		2,544

Total long-term investments	$	4,509	$	54	$	14	$	4,549

Total cash, cash equivalents, and investments	$	42,395	$	77	$	32	$	42,440

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)


	December 28, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Holding Gains		Unrealized Holding Losses		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	16,512	$	—	$	—	$	16,512
Money market funds		3,255		—		—		3,255

Total cash and cash equivalents	$	19,767	$	—	$	—	$	19,767
Short-term investments:
Certificates of deposit	$	3,000	$	1	$	—	$	3,001
Commercial paper		1,891		2		—		1,893
Corporate bonds and medium-term notes		6,383		25		—		6,408
U.S. treasury and agency securities		5,417		1		—		5,418

Total short-term investments	$	16,691	$	29	$	—	$	16,720
Long-term investments:
Certificates of deposit	$	499	$	1	$	—	$	500
Corporate bonds and medium-term notes		2,530		12		—		2,542
U.S. treasury and agency securities		2,494		1		—		2,495

Total long-term investments	$	5,523	$	14	$	—	$	5,537

Total cash, cash equivalents, and investments	$	41,981	$	43	$	—	$	42,024

The contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities at March 28, 2020 are presented in the following table.


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	20,104	$	20,109
Due after one through five years		4,509		4,549

	$	24,613	$	24,658

The following table provides the fair market value of Intevac’s investments with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be other-than temporarily impaired as of March 28, 2020.


	March 28, 2020
	In Loss Position for Less than 12 Months				In Loss Position for Greater than 12 Months
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(In thousands)
Certificates of deposit	$	2,176	$	23	$	—	$	—
Commercial paper		896		1		—		—
Corporate bonds and medium-term notes		3,915		8		—		—

	$	6,987	$	32	$	—	$	—

All prices for the fixed maturity securities including U.S. treasury and agency securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, asset backed securities and municipal bonds are received from independent pricing services utilized by Intevac’s outside investment manager. This investment manager performs a review of the pricing methodologies and inputs utilized by the independent pricing services for each asset type priced by the vendor. In addition, on at least an annual basis, the investment manager conducts due diligence visits and interviews with each pricing vendor to verify the inputs utilized for each asset class. The due diligence visits include a review of the procedures performed by each vendor to ensure that pricing evaluations are representative of the price that would be received if a security were sold in an orderly transaction. Any pricing where the input is based solely on a broker price is deemed to be a Level 3 price. Intevac uses the pricing data obtained from its outside investment manager as the primary input to make its assessments and determinations as to the ultimate valuation of the above-mentioned securities and has not made, during the periods presented, any material adjustments to such inputs.

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy of Intevac’s available-for-sale securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 28, 2020.


	Fair Value Measurements at March 28, 2020
	Total		Level 1		Level 2
	(In thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Available-for-sale securities
Money market funds	$	3,168	$	3,168	$	—
U.S. treasury and agency securities		5,989		5,989		—
Certificates of deposit		5,283		—		5,283
Commercial paper		1,894		—		1,894
Corporate bonds and medium-term notes		8,324		—		8,324

Total recurring fair value measurements	$	24,658	$	9,157	$	15,501

10.

Derivative Instruments

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate variability in gains and losses generated from the re-measurement of certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and to offset certain operational exposures from the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These derivatives are carried at fair value with changes recorded in interest income and other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are largely offset by re-measurement of the underlying assets and liabilities. Cash flows from such derivatives are classified as operating activities. The derivatives have maturities of approximately 30 days.

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments on a gross basis as recorded in its condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019.


	Notional Amounts				Derivative Liabilities
Derivative Instrument	March 28, 2020		December 28, 2019		March 28, 2020				December 28, 2019
					Balance Sheet Line		Fair Value		Balance Sheet Line		Fair Value
					(In thousands)
Undesignated Hedges:
Forward Foreign Currency Contracts	$	911		1,035		^*	$	—		^*	$	4

Total Hedges	$	911		1,035			$	—			$	4

*	Other accrued liabilities

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

11.

Equity

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

The changes in stockholders’ equity by component for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 28, 2020
	Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 28, 2019	$	188,313	$	(29,158	)	$	424		$	(63,786	)	$	95,793
Common stock issued under employee plans		914		—			—			—			914
Equity-based compensation expense		672		—			—			—			672
Net loss		—		—			—			(1,224	)		(1,224	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—			(93	)		—			(93	)
Common stock repurchases		—		(393	)		—			—			(393	)

Balance at March 28, 2020	$	189,899	$	(29,551	)	$	331		$	(65,010	)	$	95,669


	Three Months Ended March 30, 2019
	Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 29, 2018	$	183,227	$	(29,047	)	$	378	$	(64,934	)	$	89,624
Common stock issued under employee plans		993		—			—		—			993
Equity-based compensation expense		756		—			—		—			756
Net loss		—		—			—		(2,392	)		(2,392	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—			106		—			106

Balance at March 30, 2019	$	184,976	$	(29,047	)	$	484	$	(67,326	)	$	89,087

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the three months ended March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019, are as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020								March 30, 2019
	Foreign currency			Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available- for-sale investments		Total			Foreign currency		Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available- for-sale investments			Total
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance	$	381		$	43	$	424		$	405	$	(27	)	$	378
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(95	)		2		(93	)		61		45			106
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss)		—			—		—			—		—			—

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		(95	)		2		(93	)		61		45			106

Ending balance	$	286		$	45	$	331		$	466	$	18		$	484

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Stock Repurchase Program

On November 21, 2013, Intevac’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing up to $30.0 million in repurchases. On August 15, 2018, Intevac’s Board of Directors approved a $10.0 million increase to the original stock repurchase program for an aggregate authorized amount of up to $40.0 million. At March 28, 2020, $10.4 million remains available for future stock repurchases under the repurchase program.

The following table summarizes Intevac’s stock repurchases:


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Shares of common stock repurchased		98		—
Cost of stock repurchased	$	393	$	—
Average price paid per share share	$	3.97	$	—

Intevac records treasury stock purchases under the cost method using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Upon reissuance of treasury stock, amounts in excess of the acquisition cost are credited to additional paid-in capital. If Intevac reissues treasury stock at an amount below its acquisition cost and additional paid-in capital associated with prior treasury stock transactions is insufficient to cover the difference between the acquisition cost and the reissue price, this difference is recorded against accumulated deficit.

12.

Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share.


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
Net loss	$	(1,224	)	$	(2,392	)

Weighted-average shares – basic		23,483			22,855
Effect of dilutive potential common shares		—			—

Weighted-average shares – diluted		23,483			22,855

Net loss per share – basic and diluted	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.10	)

As the Company is in a net loss position, all of the Company’s equity instruments are considered antidilutive.

13.

Segment Reporting

Intevac’s two reportable segments are: TFE and Photonics. Intevac’s chief operating decision-maker has been identified as the President and CEO, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. Segment information is presented based upon Intevac’s management organization structure as of March 28, 2020 and the distinctive nature of each segment. Future changes to this internal financial structure may result in changes to the reportable segments disclosed.

Each reportable segment is separately managed and has separate financial results that are reviewed by Intevac’s chief operating decision-maker. Each reportable segment contains closely related products that are unique to the particular segment. Segment operating profit is determined based upon internal performance measures used by the chief operating decision-maker.

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Intevac derives the segment results from its internal management reporting system. The accounting policies Intevac uses to derive reportable segment results are substantially the same as those used for external reporting purposes. Management measures the performance of each reportable segment based upon several metrics, including orders, net revenues and operating income. Management uses these results to evaluate the performance of, and to assign resources to, each of the reportable segments. Intevac manages certain operating expenses separately at the corporate level. Intevac allocates certain of these corporate expenses to the segments in an amount equal to 3% of net revenues. Segment operating income excludes interest income/expense and other financial charges and income taxes according to how a particular reportable segment’s management is measured. Management does not consider impairment charges, gains and losses on divestitures and sales of intellectual property, and unallocated costs in measuring the performance of the reportable segments.

The TFE segment designs, develops and markets vacuum process equipment solutions for high-volume manufacturing of small substrates with precise thin-film properties, such as for the hard drive, solar cell and DCP industries, as well as other adjacent thin-film markets.

The Photonics segment develops compact, cost-effective, high-sensitivity digital-optical products for the capture and display of low-light images. Intevac provides sensors, cameras and systems for government applications such as night vision.

Information for each reportable segment for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 is as follows:

Net Revenues


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
TFE	$	7,962	$	18,945
Photonics		10,878		5,882

Total segment net revenues	$	18,840	$	24,827

Operating Income (Loss)


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
TFE	$	(2,531	)	$	(603	)
Photonics		2,912			(640	)

Total segment operating income (loss)		381			(1,243	)
Unallocated costs		(1,481	)		(756	)

Loss from operations		(1,100	)		(1,999	)
Interest income and other income (expense), net		142			160

Loss before provision for income taxes	$	(958	)	$	(1,839	)

INTEVAC, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Total assets for each reportable segment as of March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019 are as follows:

Assets


	March 28, 2020		December 28, 2019
	(In thousands)
TFE	$	46,007	$	51,153
Photonics		23,487		22,071

Total segment assets		69,494		73,244

Cash, cash equivalents and investments		42,440		42,024
Restricted cash		787		787
Deferred income taxes		6,138		6,252
Other current assets		1,195		752
Common property, plant and equipment		1,531		1,307
Common operating lease right-of-use assets		1,794		1,898
Other assets		—		78

Consolidated total assets	$	123,379	$	126,322

14.

Income Taxes

Intevac recorded income tax provisions of $266,000 for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and $553,000 for the three months ended March 30, 2019. The income tax provisions for the three month periods are based upon estimates of annual income (loss), annual permanent differences and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which Intevac operates. For the three-month period ended March 28, 2020 Intevac recorded a $165,000 income tax provision on earnings of its international subsidiaries and recorded $101,000 for withholding taxes on royalties paid to the United States from Intevac’s Singapore subsidiary as a discrete item. For the three-month period ended March 30, 2019 Intevac recorded a $362,000 income tax provision on earnings of its international subsidiaries and recorded $191,000 for withholding taxes on royalties paid to the United States from Intevac’s Singapore subsidiary as a discrete item. For all periods presented Intevac utilized net operating loss carry-forwards to offset the impact of the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”). Intevac’s tax rate differs from the applicable statutory rates due primarily to establishment of a valuation allowance, the utilization of deferred and current credits and the effect of permanent differences and adjustments of prior permanent differences. Intevac’s future effective income tax rate depends on various factors, including the level of Intevac’s projected earnings, the geographic composition of worldwide earnings, tax regulations governing each region, net operating loss carry-forwards, availability of tax credits and the effectiveness of Intevac’s tax planning strategies. Management carefully monitors these factors and timely adjusts the effective income tax rate.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. The CARES Act includes several significant provisions for corporations, including the usage of net operating losses and payroll benefits. Several foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions in which we operate have taken similar economic stimulus measures. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, the CARES Act and other non-U.S. economic stimulus measures will have on the Company’s financials and required disclosures.

15.

Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, Intevac may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. Intevac accounts for contingent liabilities when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated.

16.

Subsequent Events

On April 27, 2020, the Singapore government directed the Company to suspend all onsite activities at its factory in Singapore and remain closed until at least June 1, 2020. While this business disruption is expected to be temporary, the current circumstances are

dynamic and the impacts of COVID-19 on the Company’s business operations, including the duration of disruptions to the Company’s operations, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The closure of its factory in Singapore significantly curtails the Company’s ability to meet its production demand and shipments for its TFE HDD customers during this closure period. Although these restrictions are currently scheduled to expire on June 1, 2020, there can be no assurance they will not be extended. The Company is currently petitioning the Singapore government for an exemption from these restrictions as an essential business.

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. Words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates” and the like indicate forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include comments related to Intevac’s shipments, projected revenue recognition, product costs, gross margin, operating expenses, interest income, income taxes, cash balances and financial results in 2020 and beyond; projected customer requirements for Intevac’s new and existing products, and when, and if, Intevac’s customers will place orders for these products; Intevac’s ability to proliferate its Photonics technology into major military programs; the timing of delivery and/or acceptance of the systems and products that comprise Intevac’s backlog for revenue and the Company’s ability to achieve cost savings. Intevac’s actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 12, 2020, and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.

Overview

Intevac is a provider of vacuum deposition equipment for a wide variety of thin-film applications, and a leading provider of digital night-vision technologies and products to the defense industry. The Company leverages its core capabilities in high-volume manufacturing of small substrates to provide process manufacturing equipment solutions to the hard disk drive (“HDD”), display cover panel (“DCP”), and photovoltaic (“PV”) solar cell industries. Intevac also provides sensors, cameras and systems for government applications such as night vision. Intevac’s customers include manufacturers of hard disk media, DCPs and solar cells as well as the U.S. government and its agencies, allies and contractors. Intevac reports two segments: Thin-film Equipment (“TFE”) and Photonics.

Product development and manufacturing activities occur in North America and Asia. Intevac has field offices in Asia to support its TFE customers. Intevac’s products are highly technical and are sold primarily through Intevac’s direct sales force. Intevac also sells its products through distributors in Japan and China.

Intevac’s results are driven by a number of factors including success in its equipment growth initiatives in the DCP and solar markets and by worldwide demand for HDDs. Demand for HDDs depends on the growth in digital data creation and storage, the rate of areal density improvements, and the end-user demand for PCs, enterprise data storage, nearline “cloud” applications, video players and video game consoles that include such drives. Intevac continues to execute its strategy of equipment diversification into new markets by introducing new products, such as for a thin-film physical vapor deposition (“PVD”) application for protective coating for DCP manufacturing and a thin-film PVD application for PV solar cell manufacturing. Intevac believes that expansion into these markets will result in incremental equipment revenues for Intevac and decrease Intevac’s dependence on the HDD industry. Intevac’s equipment business is subject to cyclical industry conditions, as demand for manufacturing equipment and services can change depending on supply and demand for HDDs, cell phones, and PV cells, as well as other factors such as global economic conditions and technological advances in fabrication processes.

The following table presents certain significant measurements for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019.


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019			Change over prior period
	(In thousands, except percentages and per share amounts)
Net revenues	$	18,840		$	24,827		$	(5,987	)
Gross profit	$	8,156		$	7,239		$	917
Gross margin percent		43.3	%		29.2	%		14.1 points
Loss from operations	$	(1,100	)	$	(1,999	)	$	899
Net loss	$	(1,224	)	$	(2,392	)	$	1,168
Net loss per diluted share	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.10	)	$	0.05

Net revenues decreased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to lower TFE sales, offset in part by higher Photonics product sales and higher Photonics contract research and development (“R&D”) revenue. TFE did not recognize revenue on any systems sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to one 200 Lean^® HDD system and four ENERGi^® solar ion implant systems in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company reported a smaller net loss for the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2019 due to higher gross margins and lower spending on R&D materials, offset in part by increased selling, general and administrative expense, resulting from higher variable compensation expenses.

Intevac expects that HDD equipment sales will be down from 2019 levels as a HDD manufacturer takes delivery of the two 200 Lean HDD systems in backlog. In 2020, Intevac expects lower sales of new TFE products as we expect to: (i) convert at least one of the two systems under evaluation at customer factories to revenue and (ii) obtain follow-on production orders for our VERTEX coating system for DCPs but expect a delay in a follow-on order for our solar ion implant ENERGi system. The second evaluation system at a customer factory is expected to convert to revenue in 2021. In 2020, we expect increased product revenue in Photonics as we continue to deliver product shipments of the Apache camera and the night-vision camera modules for the F35 Joint Strike Fighter (“JSF”) program. In 2020, we expect increased contract R&D revenue as development work continues on the multi-year IVAS contract award for the development and production of digital night-vision cameras to support the U.S. Army’s IVAS program. For fiscal 2020, Intevac expects that Photonics profits will be higher than for fiscal 2019 as Photonics results will reflect higher revenue levels.

We are unable to accurately predict the possible future effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Company, which could be material to our 2020 results. Our customers may delay or cancel orders due to reduced demand, supply chain disruptions and/or travel restrictions and border closures. Our factories in California remain open as both TFE and Photonics businesses are within the critical infrastructure sectors. On April 27, 2020, the Singapore government directed us to suspend all on-site activities at our factory in Singapore and remain closed until at least June 1, 2020. The closure of our factory in Singapore significantly curtails our ability to meet production demand and shipments for our TFE HDD customers during this closure period. Although these restrictions are currently scheduled to expire on June 1, 2020, there can be no assurance they will not be extended. While this business disruption is expected to be temporary, the current circumstances are dynamic and the impacts of COVID-19 on our business operations, including the duration to our operations, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. We have implemented work-from-home protocols and all employees that can work remotely will continue to do so until restrictions are lifted by the U.S. and Singapore governments.

Intevac’s trademarks include the following: “200 Lean^®,” “DiamondClad^TM,” “DIAMOND DOG^TM,” “EBAPS^®,” “ENERGi^®,” “LIVAR^®,” “INTEVAC LSMA^®,” “INTEVAC MATRIX^®,” “MicroVista^®,” “NightVista^®,” “oDLC^®,” “INTEVAC VERTEX^®,” “VERTEX Marathon^TM,” and “VERTEX SPECTRA^TM.”

Results of Operations

Net revenues


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019		Change over prior period
	(In thousands)
TFE	$	7,962	$	18,945	$	(10,983	)
Photonics
Products		5,874		2,692		3,182
Contract R&D		5,004		3,190		1,814

		10,878		5,882		4,996

Total net revenues	$	18,840	$	24,827	$	(5,987	)

TFE did not recognize revenue on any systems sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. TFE revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2020 included revenue recognized for disk equipment technology upgrades and spare parts. TFE revenue for the three months ended March 30, 2019 included revenue recognized for one 200 Lean HDD system, four ENERGi solar ion implant systems, disk equipment technology upgrades and spare parts.

Photonics revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2020 increased compared to the same period in the prior year resulting from higher product sales due to the resumption of shipments of the Apache camera and increased shipments of the F35 JSF night-vision camera modules and higher contract R&D work primarily related to the IVAS contract.

Backlog


	March 28, 2020		December 28, 2019		March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
TFE	$	22,386	$	21,391	$	59,346
Photonics		64,787		71,015		43,294

Total backlog	$	87,173	$	92,406	$	102,640

TFE backlog at both March 28, 2020 and at December 28, 2019 included two 200 Lean HDD systems. TFE backlog at March 30, 2019 included five 200 Lean HDD systems and five ENERGi solar ion implant systems.

Revenue by geographic region


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020						March 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
	TFE		Photonics		Total		TFE		Photonics		Total
United States	$	519	$	10,856	$	11,375	$	161	$	5,716	$	5,877
Asia		7,443		—		7,443		18,784		—		18,784
Europe		—		22		22		—		166		166

Total net revenues	$	7,962	$	10,878	$	18,840	$	18,945	$	5,882	$	24,827

International sales include products shipped to overseas operations of U.S. companies. The increase in sales to the U.S. region in 2020 versus 2019, reflected higher Photonics product shipments and higher Photonics contract R&D work. Sales to the Asia region in 2020 did not include any systems versus one 200 Lean system and four ENERGi solar ion implant systems in 2019. Sales to the Europe region in 2020 and 2019 were not significant.

Gross profit


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020			March 30, 2019			Change over prior period
	(In thousands, except percentages)
TFE gross profit	$	3,500		$	5,977		$	(2,477	)
% of TFE net revenues		44.0	%		31.5	%
Photonics gross profit	$	4,656		$	1,262		$	3,394
% of Photonics net revenues		42.8	%		21.5	%
Total gross profit	$	8,156		$	7,239		$	917
% of net revenues		43.3	%		29.2	%

Cost of net revenues consists primarily of purchased materials and costs attributable to contract R&D, and also includes fabrication, assembly, test and installation labor and overhead, customer-specific engineering costs, warranty costs, royalties, provisions for inventory reserves and scrap.

TFE gross margin was 44.0% in the three months ended March 28, 2020 compared to 31.5% in the three months ended March 30, 2019. The increase in margins was due to favorable product mix. Lower TFE margins in the three months ended March 30, 2019 resulted from four lower margin ENERGi solar ion implant systems. Gross margins in the TFE business will vary depending on a number of factors, including revenue levels, product mix, product cost, system configuration and pricing, factory utilization, and provisions for excess and obsolete inventory.

Photonics gross margin was 42.8% in the three months ended March 28, 2020 compared to 21.5% in the three months ended March 30, 2019. Higher Photonics gross margins for the three months ended March 28, 2020 reflected higher revenue levels and improved margins on both products and contract R&D work.

Research and development expense


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019		Change over prior period
	(In thousands)
Research and development expense	$	3,284	$	3,986	$	(702	)

Research and development spending in TFE during the three months ended March 28, 2020 decreased compared to the three months ended March 30, 2019 due to lower spending on HDD, semiconductor Fan-out and PV development, offset in part by increased spending on DCP development. Research and development spending decreased in Photonics during the three months ended March 28, 2020 as compared to the three months ended March 30, 2019 primarily related to lower spending on the next generation of our low light level CMOS camera. Research and development expenses do not include costs of $2.9 million and $2.5 million for the three-month periods ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively, which are related to customer-funded contract R&D programs in Photonics and therefore included in cost of net revenues.

Selling, general and administrative expense


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019		Change over prior period
	(In thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expense	$	5,972	$	5,252	$	720

Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of selling, marketing, customer support, financial and management costs. Selling, general and administrative expense for the three months ended March 28, 2020 increased compared to the three months ended March 30, 2019 as a result of higher variable compensation expenses and incremental costs to launch our Diamond Dog e-commerce website.

Interest income and other income (expense), net


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019		Change over prior period
	(In thousands)
Interest income and other income (expense), net	$	142	$	160	$	(18	)

Interest income and other income (expense), net in the three months ended March 28, 2020 included $125,000 of interest income on investments and $25,000 of foreign currency gains, offset in part by various other expenses of $8,000. Interest income and other income (expense), net in the three months ended March 30, 2019 included $148,000 of interest income on investments, $20,000 of earnout income from a divestiture and miscellaneous other income of $23,000, offset in part by $32,000 of foreign currency losses. The decrease in interest income in the three months ended March 28, 2020 resulted from lower invested balances.

Income tax provision


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019		Change over prior period
	(In thousands)
Income tax provision	$	266	$	553	$	(287	)

tax rate differs from the applicable statutory rates due primarily to establishment of a valuation allowance, the utilization of deferred and current credits and the effect of permanent differences and adjustments of prior permanent differences. Intevac’s future effective income tax rate depends on various factors, including the level of Intevac’s projected earnings, the geographic composition of worldwide earnings, tax regulations governing each region, net operating loss carry-forwards, availability of tax credits and the effectiveness of Intevac’s tax planning strategies. Management carefully monitors these factors and timely adjusts the effective income tax rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 28, 2020, Intevac had $43.2 million in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments compared to $42.8 million at December 28, 2019. During the first three months of 2020, cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments increased by $416,000 due primarily to cash generated by operating activities and cash received from the sale of Intevac common stock to Intevac’s employees through Intevac’s employee benefit plans, partially offset by purchases of fixed assets, tax payments on net share settlements and stock repurchases.

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments consist of the following:


	March 28, 2020		December 28, 2019
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,450	$	19,767
Restricted cash		787		787
Short-term investments		16,441		16,720
Long-term investments		4,549		5,537

Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments	$	43,227	$	42,811

Operating activities generated cash of $1.1 million during the first three months of 2020 compared to $969,000 during the first three months of 2019.

Accounts receivable totaled $23.0 million at March 28, 2020 compared to $28.6 million at December 28, 2019. At March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, customer advances for products that had not been shipped to customers and included in accounts receivable were $805,000 and $210,000, respectively. Net inventories totaled $27.2 million at March 28, 2020 compared to $24.9 million at December 28, 2019. Net inventories at both March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019 included one VERTEX SPECTRA system for DCP under evaluation in a customer’s factory and one MATRIX PVD system for advance semiconductor packaging under evaluation in a customer’s factory. Accounts payable increased to $4.7 million at March 28, 2020 from $4.2 million at December 28, 2019. Accrued payroll and related liabilities decreased to $4.0 million at March 28, 2020 compared to $6.5 million at December 28, 2019 due primarily to the settlement of 2019 bonuses. Other accrued liabilities decreased to $2.7 million at March 28, 2020 compared to $3.6 million at December 28, 2019. Customer advances increased from $4.0 million at December 28, 2019 to $4.7 million at March 28, 2020, primarily due to the recognition of new orders offset in part by the recognition of revenue.

Investing activities generated cash of $143,000 during the first three months of 2020. Proceeds from sales of investments net of purchases totaled $1.3 million. Capital expenditures for the three months ended March 28, 2020 were $1.1 million.

Financing activities generated cash of $521,000 in the first three months of 2020. The sale of Intevac common stock to Intevac’s employees through Intevac’s employee benefit plans generated cash of $950,000. Tax payments related to the net share settlement of restricted stock units were $36,000. Cash used to repurchase shares of common stock under the Company’s stock repurchase program totaled $393,000 for the three months ended March 28, 2020.

Intevac’s investment portfolio consists principally of investment grade money market mutual funds, U.S. Treasury and agency securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, municipal bonds and corporate bonds. Intevac regularly monitors the credit risk in its investment portfolio and takes measures, which may include the sale of certain securities, to manage such risks in accordance with its investment policies.

As of March 28, 2020, approximately $15.6 million of cash and cash equivalents and $3.4 million of short term investments were domiciled in foreign tax jurisdictions. Intevac expects a significant portion of these funds to remain offshore in the short term. If the Company chose to repatriate these funds to the United States, it would be required to accrue and pay additional taxes on any portion of the repatriation subject to foreign withholding taxes.

Intevac believes that its existing cash, cash equivalents and investments will be sufficient to meet its cash requirements for the foreseeable future. Intevac intends to undertake approximately $5.0 million to $6.0 million in capital expenditures during the remainder of 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Off-balance sheet firm commitments relating to outstanding letters of credit amounted to approximately $787,000 as of March 28, 2020. These letters of credit and bank guarantees are collateralized by $787,000 of restricted cash. We do not maintain any other off-balance sheet arrangements, transactions, obligations, or other relationships that would be expected to have a material current or future effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported. Intevac’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Intevac’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 12, 2020. Certain of these significant accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies, as defined below.

A critical accounting policy is defined as one that is both material to the presentation of Intevac’s financial statements and requires management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments that could have a material effect on Intevac’s financial conditions and results of operations. Specifically, critical accounting estimates have the following attributes: 1) Intevac is required to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time of the estimate; and 2) different estimates Intevac could reasonably have used, or changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur, would have a material effect on Intevac’s financial condition or results of operations.

Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. Intevac bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be applicable and reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates may change as new events occur, as additional information is obtained and as Intevac’s operating environment changes. These changes have historically been minor and have been included in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. In addition, management is periodically faced with uncertainties, the outcomes of which are not within its control and will not be known for prolonged periods of time. Many of these uncertainties are discussed in the section below entitled “Risk Factors.” Based on a critical assessment of Intevac’s accounting policies and the underlying judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of those policies, management believes that Intevac’s consolidated financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with US GAAP, and provide a meaningful presentation of Intevac’s financial condition and results of operation.

For a description of other critical accounting policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 28, 2019 filed with the SEC on February 12, 2020. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 28, 2020.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

Intevac maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information relating to Intevac required to be disclosed in periodic filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner under the Exchange Act. In connection with the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 28, 2020, as required under Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer ( the “CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), of the effectiveness of Intevac’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on this evaluation, Intevac’s CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 28, 2020.

Attached as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are certifications of the CEO and the CFO, which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act. This Controls and Procedures section includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications, and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

Definition of disclosure controls

Disclosure controls are controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls include components of our internal control over financial reporting, which consists of control processes designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. To the extent that components of our internal control over financial reporting are included within our disclosure controls, they are included in the scope of our quarterly controls evaluation.

Limitations on the effectiveness of controls

Intevac’s management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that Intevac’s disclosure controls or Intevac’s internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within Intevac have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Changes in internal controls over financial reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Intevac’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, Intevac is involved in claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Intevac expects that the number and significance of these matters will increase as Intevac’s business expands. Any claims or proceedings against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, require significant amounts of management time, result in the diversion of significant operational resources, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements which, if required, may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. Intevac is not presently a party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in Intevac’s opinion, is likely to seriously harm Intevac’s business.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

The following factors could materially affect Intevac’s business, financial condition or results of operations and should be carefully considered in evaluating the Company and its business, in addition to other information presented elsewhere in this report.

The industries we serve are cyclical, volatile and unpredictable.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from the sale of equipment used to manufacture commodity technology products such as disk drives, PV solar cells and cell phones. This subjects us to business cycles, the timing, length and volatility of which can be difficult to predict. When demand for commodity technology products exceeds production capacity, then demand for new capital equipment such as ours tends to be amplified. Conversely, when supply of commodity technology products exceeds demand, then demand for new capital equipment such as ours tends to be depressed. We cannot predict with any certainty when these cycles will begin or end. Our sales of systems for magnetic disk production increased in 2016 as a customer began upgrading the technology level of its manufacturing capacity. Sales of systems and upgrades for magnetic disk production in 2017 and 2018 were higher than in 2016 as this customer’s technology upgrade continued. Sales of systems and upgrades for magnetic disk production in 2019 were slightly down from the levels in 2018 as this customer took delivery of four systems. Intevac expects sales of systems and upgrades for magnetic disk production in 2020 will be at levels lower from the levels in 2019.

Our equipment represents only a portion of the capital expenditure that our customers incur when they upgrade or add production capacity. Accordingly, our customers generally commit to making large capital expenditures far in excess of the cost of our systems alone when they decide to purchase our systems. The magnitude of these capital expenditures requires our customers to have access to large amounts of capital. Our customers generally reduce their level of capital investment during downturns in the overall economy or during a downturn in their industries.

In recent years the photovoltaic (solar) market has undergone a downturn, which is likely to impact our sales of PV equipment. The solar industry from time to time experiences periods of structural imbalance between supply and demand, and such periods put intense pressure on our customers’ pricing. The solar industry is currently in such a period. Competition in solar markets globally and across the solar value chain is intense, and could remain that way for an extended period of time. During any such period, solar module manufacturers may reduce their sales prices in response to competition, even below their manufacturing costs, in order to generate sales and may do so for a sustained period of time. As a result, our customers may be unable to sell their solar modules or systems at attractive prices or for a profit during a period of excess supply of solar modules, which would adversely affect their results of operations and their ability to make capital investments such as purchasing our products.

We must effectively manage our resources and production capacity to meet rapidly changing demand. Our business experiences rapid growth and contraction, which stresses our infrastructure, internal systems and managerial resources. During periods of increasing demand for our products, we must have sufficient manufacturing capacity and inventory to meet customer demand; attract, retain and motivate a sufficient number of qualified individuals; and effectively manage our supply chain. During periods of decreasing demand for our products, we must be able to align our cost structure with prevailing market conditions; motivate and retain key employees and effectively manage our supply chain.

The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, or similar global health concerns, could negatively impact our operations, supply chain and customer base.

The COVID-19 outbreak has severely restricted the level of economic activity around the world, which may impact demand for our products. Our operations and supply chains for certain of our products or services could be negatively impacted by the regional or global outbreak of illnesses, including COVID-19. Any quarantines, labor shortages or other disruptions to our operations, or those of our suppliers or customers, may adversely impact our sales and operating results. In addition, a significant outbreak, epidemic, or pandemic of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, including those in which we operate, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect the supply or demand for our products and services. On April 27, 2020, the Singapore government directed the Company to suspend all on-site activities at its factory in Singapore and remain closed until at least June 1, 2020. We are unable to accurately predict the possible future effect on the Company, which could be material to our 2020 results, and which is highly dependent on the breadth and duration of the outbreak and could be affected by other factors we are not currently able to predict, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19, the success of actions taken to contain or treat COVID-19, and reactions by consumers, companies, governmental entities and capital markets. Any widespread growth in infections, or travel restrictions, quarantines or site closures imposed as a result of COVID-19, could, among other things, require the Company to extend mandatory work-from-home protocols resulting in additional expenses and strain on the business as well as adversely impact its supply chain.

Sales of our equipment are primarily dependent on our customers’ upgrade and capacity expansion plans and whether our customers select our equipment.

We have no control over our customers’ upgrade and capacity expansion plans, and we cannot be sure they will select, or continue to select, our equipment when they upgrade or expand their capacity. The sales cycle for our equipment systems can be a

year or longer, involving individuals from many different areas of Intevac and numerous product presentations and demonstrations for our prospective customers. Our sales process also commonly includes production of samples and customization of our products. We do not typically enter into long-term contracts with our customers, and until an order is actually submitted by a customer there is no binding commitment to purchase our systems. In some cases, orders are also subject to customer acceptance or other criteria even in the case of a binding agreement.

Sales of new manufacturing systems are also dependent on obsolescence and replacement of the installed base of our customers’ existing equipment with newer, more capable equipment. If upgrades are developed that extend the useful life of the installed base of systems, then we tend to sell more upgrade products and fewer new systems, which can significantly reduce total revenue.

Our 200 Lean HDD customers also experience competition from companies that produce alternative storage technologies like flash memory, which offer smaller size, lower power consumption and more rugged designs. These storage technologies are being used increasingly in enterprise applications and smaller form factors such as tablets, smart-phones, ultra-books, and notebook PCs instead of hard disk drives. Tablet computing devices and smart-phones have never contained, nor are they likely in the future to contain, a disk drive. Products using alternative technologies, such as flash memory, optical storage and other storage technologies are becoming increasingly common and could become a significant source of competition to particular applications of the products of our 200 Lean HDD customers, which could adversely affect our results of operations. If alternative technologies, such as flash memory, replace hard disk drives as a significant method of digital storage, then demand for our hard disk manufacturing products would decrease.

The Photonics business is also subject to long sales cycles because many of its products, such as our military imaging products, often must be designed into the customers’ end products, which are often complex state-of-the-art products. These development cycles are typically multi-year, and our sales are contingent on our customers successfully integrating our product into their product, completing development of their product and then obtaining production orders for their product from the U.S. government or its allies.

We operate in an intensely competitive marketplace, and our competitors have greater resources than we do.

In the market for our disk sputtering systems, we experience competition primarily from Canon Anelva, which has sold a substantial number of systems worldwide. In the PV equipment market, Intevac faces competition from large established competitors including Centrotherm Photovoltaics, Jusung, Kingston and Von Ardenne. In the market for our military imaging products we experience competition from companies such as Elbit Systems and L-3 Communications. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, manufacturing and other resources than we do, especially in the DCP and PV equipment markets. Our competitors may develop enhancements to, or future generations of, competitive products that offer superior price or performance features, and new competitors may enter our markets and develop such enhanced products. Moreover, competition for our customers is intense, and our competitors have historically offered substantial pricing concessions and incentives to attract our customers or retain their existing customers.

Our growth depends on development of technically advanced new products and processes.

We have invested heavily, and continue to invest, in the development of new products, such as our 200 Lean HDD and other PVD systems, our coating systems for DCP, our solar systems for PV applications, our digital night-vision products and our near-eye display products. Our success in developing and selling new products depends upon a variety of factors, including our ability to: predict future customer requirements; make technological advances; achieve a low total cost of ownership for our products; introduce new products on schedule; manufacture products cost-effectively including transitioning production to volume manufacturing; commercialize and attain customer acceptance of our products; and achieve acceptable and reliable performance of our new products in the field. Our new product decisions and development commitments must anticipate continuously evolving industry requirements significantly in advance of sales. In addition, we are attempting to expand into new or related markets, including the PV and display cover glass markets. Our expansion into the PV and cover glass markets is dependent upon the success of our customers’ development plans. To date we have not recognized material revenue from such products. Failure to correctly assess the size of the markets, to successfully develop cost effective products to address the markets or to establish effective sales and support of the new products would have a material adverse effect on future revenues and profits. In addition, if we invest in products for which the market does not develop as anticipated, we may incur significant charges related to such investments.

Rapid technological change in our served markets requires us to rapidly develop new technically advanced products. Our future success depends in part on our ability to develop and offer new products with improved capabilities and to continue to enhance our existing products. If new products have reliability or quality problems, our performance may be impacted by reduced orders, higher manufacturing costs, delays in acceptance and payment for new products and additional service and warranty expenses.

We are exposed to risks associated with a highly concentrated customer base.

Historically, a significant portion of our revenue in any particular period has been attributable to sales of our disk sputtering systems to a limited number of customers. This concentration of customers, when combined with changes in the customers’ specific capacity plans and market share shifts can lead to extreme variability in our revenue and financial results from period to period.

The concentration of our customer base may enable our customers to demand pricing and other terms unfavorable to Intevac, and makes us more vulnerable to changes in demand by or issues with a given customer. Orders from a relatively limited number of manufacturers have accounted for, and will likely continue to account for, a substantial portion of our revenues. The loss of one of these large customers, or delays in purchasing by them, could have a material and adverse effect on our revenues.

Our operating results fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, which can lead to volatility in the price of our common stock.

Our quarterly revenues and common stock price have fluctuated significantly. We anticipate that our revenues, operating margins and common stock price will continue to fluctuate for a variety of reasons, including: (1) changes in the demand, due to seasonality, cyclicality and other factors in the markets for computer systems, storage subsystems and consumer electronics containing disks as well as cell phones and PV solar cells our customers produce with our systems; (2) delays or problems in the introduction and acceptance of our new products, or delivery of existing products; (3) timing of orders, acceptance of new systems by our customers or cancellation or delay of those orders; (4) new products, services or technological innovations by our competitors or us; (5) changes in our manufacturing costs and operating expense; (6) changes in general economic, political, stock market and industry conditions; and (7) any failure of our operating results to meet the expectations of investment research analysts or investors.

Any of these, or other factors, could lead to volatility and/or a rapid change in the trading price of our common shares. In the past, securities class action litigation has been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. Any such litigation, if instituted against Intevac, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management time and attention.

We may not be able to obtain export licenses from the U.S. government permitting delivery of our products to international customers.

Many of our products, especially Photonics products, require export licenses from U.S. government agencies under the Export Administration Act, the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, the Arms Export Act of 1976 or the International Traffic in Arms Regulations. These regulations limit the potential market for some of our products. We can give no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining all the licenses necessary to export our products. Heightened government scrutiny of export licenses for defense related products has resulted in lengthened review periods for our license applications. Exports to countries that are not considered by the U.S. government to be allies are likely to be prohibited, and even sales to U.S. allies may be limited. Failure to comply with export control laws, including identification and reporting of all exports and re-exports of controlled technology or exports made without correct license approval or improper license use could result in severe penalties and revocation of licenses. Failure to obtain export licenses, delays in obtaining licenses, or revocation of previously issued licenses would prevent us from selling the affected products outside the United States and could negatively impact our results of operations.

The Photonics business is dependent on U.S. government contracts, which are subject to fixed pricing, immediate termination and a number of procurement rules and regulations.

We sell our Photonics products and services directly to the U.S. government, as well as to prime contractors for various U.S. government programs. The U.S government is considering significant changes in the level of existing, follow-on or replacement programs. We cannot predict the impact of potential changes in priorities due to military transformations and/or the nature of future war-related activities. A shift of government priorities to programs in which we do not participate and/or reductions in funding for or the termination of programs in which we do participate, unless offset by other programs and opportunities, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Funding of multi-year government programs is subject to congressional appropriations, and there is no guarantee that the U.S. government will make further appropriations. Sales to the U.S. government and its prime contractors may also be affected by changes in procurement policies, budget considerations and political developments in the United States or abroad. For example, if the U.S. government is less focused on defense spending or there is a decrease in hostilities, demand for our products could decrease. The loss of funding for a government program would result in a loss of future revenues attributable to that program. The influence of any of these factors, which are beyond our control, could negatively impact our results of operations.

A significant portion of our U.S. government revenue is derived from fixed-price development and production contracts. Under fixed-price contracts, unexpected increases in the cost to develop or manufacture a product, whether due to inaccurate estimates in the bidding process, unanticipated increases in material costs, reduced production volumes, inefficiencies or other factors, are borne by us. We have experienced cost overruns in the past that have resulted in losses on certain contracts, and may experience additional cost overruns in the future. We are required to recognize the total estimated impact of cost overruns in the period in which they are first identified. Such cost overruns could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Generally, government contracts contain provisions permitting termination, in whole or in part, without prior notice at the government’s convenience upon the payment of compensation only for work done and commitments made at the time of termination. We cannot ensure that one or more of the government contracts under which we, or our customers, operate will not be terminated under these circumstances. Also, we cannot ensure that we, or our customers, would be able to procure new government contracts to offset the revenues lost as a result of any termination of existing contracts, nor can we ensure that we, or our customers, will continue to remain in good standing as federal contractors.

As a U.S. government contractor we must comply with specific government rules and regulations and are subject to routine audits and investigations by U.S. government agencies. If we fail to comply with these rules and regulations, the results could include: (1) reductions in the value of our contracts; (2) reductions in amounts previously billed and recognized as revenue; (3) contract modifications or termination; (4) the assessment of penalties and fines; and (5) suspension or debarment from government contracting or subcontracting for a period of time or permanently.

Our business could be negatively impacted by cyber and other security threats or disruptions.

As a defense contractor, we face various cyber and other security threats, including espionage and attempts to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information and networks. Although we utilize various procedures and controls to monitor and mitigate the risk of these threats, there can be no assurance that these procedures and controls will be sufficient. These threats could lead to losses of sensitive information or capabilities; financial liabilities and damage to our reputation. If we are unable to maintain compliance with security standards applicable to defense contractors, we could lose business or suffer reputational harm.

Cyber threats to businesses in general are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, destructive malware, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, disruption or denial of service attacks, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in our systems, unauthorized release of confidential, personal or otherwise protected information (ours or that of our employees, customers or partners), and corruption of data, networks or systems. In addition, we could be impacted by cyber threats or other disruptions or vulnerabilities found in products we use or in our partners’ or customers’ systems that are used in connection with our business. These events, if not prevented or effectively mitigated, could damage our reputation, require remedial actions and lead to loss of business, regulatory actions, potential liability and other financial losses.

Changes to our effective tax rate affect our results of operations.

As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the United States, Singapore and various other countries. Significant judgment is required to determine and estimate worldwide tax liabilities. Our future effective tax rate could be affected by: (1) changes in tax laws; (2) the allocation of earnings to countries with differing tax rates; (3) changes in worldwide projected annual earnings in current and future years: (4) accounting pronouncements; or (5) changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that any final determination will not be different from the treatment reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals, which could result in additional payments by Intevac.

Our success depends on international sales and the management of global operations.

In previous years, the majority of our revenues have come from regions outside the United States. Most of our international sales are to customers in Asia, which includes products shipped to overseas operations of U.S. companies. We currently have manufacturing facilities in California and Singapore and international customer support offices in Singapore, China, and Malaysia. We expect that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our total revenue in future years. Certain of our suppliers are also located outside the United States.

Managing our global operations presents challenges including, but not limited to, those arising from: (1) global trade issues; (2) variations in protection of intellectual property and other legal rights in different countries; (3) concerns of U.S. governmental agencies regarding possible national commercial and/or security issues posed by growing manufacturing business in Asia; (4) fluctuation of interest rates, raw material costs, labor and operating costs, and exchange rates; (5) variations in the ability to develop relationships with suppliers and other local businesses; (6) changes in the laws and regulations of the United States, including export restrictions, and other countries, as well as their interpretation and application; (7) the need to provide technical and spares

support in different locations; (8) political and economic instability; (9) cultural differences; (10) varying government incentives to promote development; (11) shipping costs and delays; (12) adverse conditions in credit markets; (13) variations in tariffs, quotas, tax codes and other market barriers; and (14) barriers to movement of cash.

We must regularly assess the size, capability and location of our global infrastructure and make appropriate changes to address these issues.

Difficulties in integrating past or future acquisitions could adversely affect our business.

We have completed a number of acquisitions and dispositions during our operating history. We have spent and may continue to spend significant resources identifying and pursuing future acquisition opportunities. Acquisitions involve numerous risks including: (1) difficulties in integrating the operations, technologies and products of the acquired companies; (2) the diversion of our management’s attention from other business concerns; and (3) the potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies. Failure to achieve the anticipated benefits of the prior and any future acquisitions or to successfully integrate the operations of the companies we acquire could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any future acquisitions could also result in potentially dilutive issuance of equity securities, acquisition or divestiture-related write-offs or the assumption of debt and contingent liabilities. In addition, we have made and will continue to consider making strategic divestitures. With any divestiture, there are risks that future operating results could be unfavorably impacted if targeted objectives, such as cost savings, are not achieved or if other business disruptions occur as a result of the divestiture or activities related to the divestiture.

Our success is dependent on recruiting and retaining a highly talented work force.

Our employees are vital to our success, and our key management, engineering and other employees are difficult to replace. We do not maintain key person life insurance on any of our employees. The expansion of high technology companies worldwide has increased demand and competition for qualified personnel, and has made companies increasingly protective of prior employees. It may be difficult for us to locate employees who are not subject to non-competition agreements and other restrictions.

The majority of our U.S. operations are located in California where the cost of living and of recruiting employees is high. Our operating results depend, in large part, upon our ability to retain and attract qualified management, engineering, marketing, manufacturing, customer support, sales and administrative personnel. Furthermore, we compete with industries such as the hard disk drive, semiconductor, and solar industries for skilled employees. Failure to retain existing key personnel, or to attract, assimilate or retain additional highly qualified employees to meet our needs in the future, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on certain suppliers for parts used in our products.

We are a manufacturing business. Purchased parts constitute the largest component of our product cost. Our ability to manufacture depends on the timely delivery of parts, components and subassemblies from suppliers. We obtain some of the key components and subassemblies used in our products from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers. If any of our suppliers fail to deliver quality parts on a timely basis, we may experience delays in manufacturing, which could result in delayed product deliveries, increased costs to expedite deliveries or develop alternative suppliers, or require redesign of our products to accommodate alternative suppliers. Some of our suppliers are thinly capitalized and may be vulnerable to failure.

Our business depends on the integrity of our intellectual property rights.

The success of our business depends upon the integrity of our intellectual property rights, and we cannot ensure that: (1) any of our pending or future patent applications will be allowed or that any of the allowed applications will be issued as patents or will issue with claims of the scope we sought; (2) any of our patents will not be invalidated, deemed unenforceable, circumvented or challenged; (3) the rights granted under our patents will provide competitive advantages to us; (4) other parties will not develop similar products, duplicate our products or design around our patents; or (5) our patent rights, intellectual property laws or our agreements will adequately protect our intellectual property or competitive position.

From time to time, we have received claims that we are infringing third parties’ intellectual property rights or seeking to invalidate our rights. We cannot ensure that third parties will not in the future claim that we have infringed current or future patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights relating to our products. Any claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us.

We could be involved in litigation.

From time to time we may be involved in litigation of various types, including litigation alleging infringement of intellectual property rights and other claims and customer disputes. Litigation is expensive, subjects us to the risk of significant damages and requires significant management time and attention and could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to risks of non-compliance with environmental and other governmental regulations.

We are subject to a variety of governmental regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture, treatment and disposal of toxic or otherwise hazardous substances, chemicals, materials or waste. If we fail to comply with current or future regulations, such failure could result in suspension of our operations, alteration of our manufacturing process, remediation costs or substantial civil penalties or criminal fines against us or our officers, directors or employees. Additionally, these regulations could require us to acquire expensive remediation or abatement equipment and incur substantial expenses to comply with them.

Business interruptions could adversely affect our operations.

Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire, earthquake, floods or other natural disaster, quarantines or other disruptions associated with infectious diseases, national catastrophe, terrorist activities, war, disruptions in our computing and communications infrastructure due to power loss, telecommunications failure, human error, physical or electronic security breaches and computer viruses, and other events beyond our control. We do not have a detailed disaster recovery plan. Despite our implementation of network security measures, our tools and servers may be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems and tools located at customer sites. Political instability could cause us to incur increased costs in transportation, make such transportation unreliable, increase our insurance costs or cause international currency markets to fluctuate. All these unforeseen disruptions and instabilities could have the same effects on our suppliers and their ability to timely deliver their products. In addition, we do not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for all losses that may occur, and any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. For example, we self-insure earthquake risks because we believe this is the prudent financial decision based on the high cost of the limited coverage available in the earthquake insurance market. An earthquake could significantly disrupt our operations, most of which are conducted in California. It could also significantly delay our research and engineering effort on new products, most of which is also conducted in California. We take steps to minimize the damage that would be caused by business interruptions, but there is no certainty that our efforts will prove successful.

We could be negatively affected as a result of a proxy contest and the actions of activist stockholders.

A proxy contest with respect to election of our directors, or other activist stockholder activities, could adversely affect our business because: (1) responding to a proxy contest and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disruptive to our operations and divert the attention of management and our employees; (2) perceived uncertainties as to our future direction caused by activist activities may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners; and (3) if individuals are elected to our Board of Directors with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively and timely implement our strategic plans.

We are required to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and any adverse results from such evaluation could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and have an adverse effect on our stock price.

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management must perform evaluations of our internal control over financial reporting. Beginning in 2004, our Form 10-K has included a report by management of their assessment of the adequacy of such internal control. Additionally, our independent registered public accounting firm must publicly attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We have completed the evaluation of our internal controls over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Although our assessment, testing, and evaluation resulted in our conclusion that as of December 28, 2019, our internal controls over financial reporting were effective, we cannot predict the outcome of our testing in future periods. Ongoing compliance with this requirement is complex, costly and time-consuming. If Intevac fails to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting; our management does not timely assess the adequacy of such internal control; or our independent registered public accounting firm does not deliver an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, then we could be subject to restatement of previously reported financial results, regulatory sanctions and a decline in the public’s perception of Intevac, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchases of Intevac Common Stock

On November 21, 2013, Intevac announced that its Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing up to $30.0 million in repurchases. On August 15, 2018, Intevac’s Board of Directors approved a $10.0 million increase to the original stock repurchase program for an aggregate authorized amount of $40.0 million. At March 28, 2020, $10.4 million remains available for future stock repurchases under the repurchase program.

The following table provides information as of March 28, 2020 with respect to the shares of common stock repurchased by Intevac during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.


	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Aggregate Price Paid		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program		Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
	(in thousands, except per share data)
December 29, 2019 to January 25, 2020		—	$	—	$	—		—	$	10,838
January 26, 2020 to February 22, 2020		—	$	—	$	—		—	$	10,838
February 23, 2020 to March 28, 2020		98	$	3.97	$	393		98	$	10,445

Item 3.

Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.

Other Information

None.

Item 6.

Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed herewith:


Exhibit Number		Description

10.1		The Registrant’s Executive Incentive Plan +

31.1		Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certifications Pursuant to U.S.C. 1350 Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

+	Management compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit.

The certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 is deemed “furnished” and not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Intevac, Inc. under the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof, irrespective of any general incorporation by reference language contained in any such filing, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		INTEVAC, INC.

Date: April 28, 2020	By:	/s/ WENDELL T. BLONIGAN
		Wendell T. Blonigan
		President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: April 28, 2020	By:	/s/ JAMES MONIZ
		James Moniz
		Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration,
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company