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Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________
(Mark One)
xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
or
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from_________to_________
Commission File Number: 001-36274
_______________________
INTRA-CELLULAR THERAPIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_______________________
Delaware36-4742850
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
430 East 29th Street
New York, New York
10016
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(646) 440-9333
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_______________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading
Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common StockITCI
The Nasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filero
 
Non-accelerated fileroSmaller reporting companyo
 
  Emerging growth companyo
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of October 31, 2023, the registrant had 96,238,126 shares of common stock outstanding.

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Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.
Index to Form 10-Q
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” mean Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. and our subsidiary. “ITI” refers to our wholly-owned subsidiary ITI, Inc.
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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. and Subsidiary
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands except share and per share amounts)
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$99,402 $148,615 
Investment securities, available-for-sale393,619 443,290 
Restricted cash1,750 1,750 
Accounts receivable, net102,670 75,189 
Inventory42,986 23,920 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets61,998 45,193 
Total current assets702,425 737,957 
Property and equipment, net1,789 1,913 
Right of use assets, net13,364 14,824 
Other assets86 86 
Total assets$717,664 $754,780 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$10,613 $10,395 
Accrued and other current liabilities27,829 19,657 
Accrued customer programs35,618 25,621 
Accrued employee benefits25,448 22,996 
Operating lease liabilities3,584 4,567 
Total current liabilities103,092 83,236 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current13,891 15,474 
Total liabilities116,983 98,710 
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value: 175,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 96,225,617 and 94,829,794 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
10 9 
Additional paid-in capital2,190,587 2,137,737 
Accumulated deficit(1,588,581)(1,477,486)
Accumulated comprehensive loss(1,335)(4,190)
Total stockholders’ equity600,681 656,070 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$717,664 $754,780 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. and Subsidiary
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Revenues
Product sales, net$125,810 $71,870 $330,669 $161,699 
Grant revenue363 — 1,602 746 
Total revenues, net126,173 71,870 332,271 162,445 
Operating expenses:
Cost of product sales9,129 5,850 23,043 13,655 
Selling, general and administrative105,207 88,375 305,144 264,151 
Research and development41,550 33,274 129,368 100,853 
Total operating expenses155,886 127,499 457,555 378,659 
Loss from operations(29,713)(55,629)(125,284)(216,214)
Interest income5,498 2,122 14,377 3,990 
Loss before provision for income taxes(24,215)(53,507)(110,907)(212,224)
Income tax expense(43)(1)(188)(6)
Net loss$(24,258)$(53,508)$(111,095)$(212,230)
Net loss per common share:
Basic & Diluted$(0.25)$(0.57)$(1.16)$(2.26)
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic & Diluted96,143,08394,516,79495,745,64193,809,124
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. and Subsidiary
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (in thousands) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Net loss$(24,258)$(53,508)$(111,095)$(212,230)
Other comprehensive gain (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities933 (694)2,855 (5,132)
Comprehensive loss$(23,325)$(54,202)$(108,240)$(217,362)
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. and Subsidiary
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (in thousands except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income		Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 202181,886,965$8 $1,639,476 $(1,221,230)$(364)$417,890 
Common shares issued January 7, 202210,952,3811 433,724 — — 433,725 
Exercise of stock options and issuances of restricted stock1,180,696— 8,089 — — 8,089 
Stock issued for services383— 24 — — 24 
Share-based compensation—— 8,105 — — 8,105 
Net loss—— — (72,119)— (72,119)
Other comprehensive loss—— — — (2,964)(2,964)
Balance at March 31, 202294,020,425$9 $2,089,418 $(1,293,349)$(3,328)$792,750 
Exercise of stock options and issuances of restricted stock346,411— 5,504 — — 5,504 
Stock issued for services397— 22 — — 22 
Share-based compensation—— 11,998 — — 11,998 
Net loss—— — (86,603)— (86,603)
Other comprehensive loss—— — — (1,474)(1,474)
Balance at June 30, 202294,367,2339 2,106,942 (1,379,952)(4,802)722,197 
Exercise of stock options and issuances of restricted stock333,954— 5,654 — — 5,654 
Stock issued for services475— 22 — — 22 
Share-based compensation—— 11,751 — — 11,751 
Net loss—— — (53,508)— (53,508)
Other comprehensive loss—— — — (694)(694)
Balance at September 30, 202294,701,662$9 $2,124,369 $(1,433,460)$(5,496)$685,422 

Balance at December 31, 202294,829,794$9 $2,137,737 $(1,477,486)$(4,190)$656,070 
Exercise of stock options and issuances of restricted stock849,8271 3,639 — — 3,640 
Stock issued for services408— 22 — — 22 
Share-based compensation—— 10,439 — — 10,439 
Net loss—— — (44,053)— (44,053)
Other comprehensive gain—— — — 1,492 1,492 
Balance at March 31, 202395,680,029$10 $2,151,837 $(1,521,539)$(2,698)$627,610 
Exercise of stock options and issuances of restricted stock402,994— 8,585 — — 8,585 
Stock issued for services364— 23 — — 23 
Share-based compensation—— 13,226 — — 13,226 
Net loss—— — (42,784)— (42,784)
Other comprehensive gain—— — — 430 430 
Balance at June 30, 202396,083,387$10 $2,173,671 $(1,564,323)$(2,268)$607,090 
Exercise of stock options and issuances of restricted stock141,780— 2,581 — — 2,581 
Stock issued for services450— 24 — — 24 
Share-based compensation—— 14,311 — — 14,311 
Net loss—— — (24,258)— (24,258)
Other comprehensive gain—— — — 933 933 
Balance at September 30, 202396,225,617$10 $2,190,587 $(1,588,581)$(1,335)$600,681 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. and Subsidiary
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) (Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
Cash flows used in operating activities
Net loss$(111,095)$(212,230)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation392 513 
Share-based compensation37,976 31,854 
Stock issued for services69 68 
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on investment securities, net(5,861)(717)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net(27,481)(41,382)
Inventory(19,066)(15,649)
Prepaid expenses and other assets(16,805)(18,686)
Accounts payable218 5,528 
Accrued and other current liabilities8,172 3,777 
Accrued customer programs9,997 13,982 
Accrued employee benefits2,452 253 
Operating lease liabilities, net(1,106)1,696 
Net cash used in operating activities(122,138)(230,993)
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities
Purchases of investments(310,805)(643,707)
Maturities of investments369,192 465,877 
Purchases of property and equipment(268)(806)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities58,119 (178,636)
Cash flows provided by financing activities
Proceeds of public offering, net— 433,725 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options14,806 19,247 
Net cash provided by financing activities14,806 452,972 
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
(49,213)43,343 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period150,365 93,765 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period$101,152 $137,108 
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Right of use assets under operating leases$— $5,375 
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:
September 30,
20232022
Cash and cash equivalents$99,402 $135,358 
Restricted cash1,750 1,750 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$101,152 $137,108 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2023
1. Organization
Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. (the “Company”), through its wholly-owned operating subsidiary, ITI, Inc. (“ITI”), is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, clinical development and commercialization of innovative, small molecule drugs that address underserved medical needs primarily in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders by targeting intracellular signaling mechanisms within the central nervous system (“CNS”). In December 2019, CAPLYTA® (lumateperone) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults (42mg/day) and the Company initiated the commercial launch of CAPLYTA in March 2020. In December 2021, CAPLYTA was approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar depression in adults (42mg/day). The Company initiated the commercial launch of CAPLYTA for the treatment of bipolar depression in December 2021. Additionally, in April 2022, the FDA approved two additional dosage strengths of CAPLYTA, 10.5 mg and 21 mg capsules, to provide dosage recommendations for patients concomitantly taking strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, and 21 mg for patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B or C). The commercial launch of these special population doses occurred in August 2022. As used in these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, “CAPLYTA” refers to lumateperone approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and bipolar depression in adults, and “lumateperone” refers to, where applicable, CAPLYTA as well as lumateperone for the treatment of indications beyond schizophrenia and bipolar depression. Lumateperone is in Phase 3 clinical development as a novel treatment for major depressive disorder.
In order to further its commercial activities and research projects and support its collaborations, the Company may require additional financing until such time, if ever, that revenue streams are sufficient to generate consistent positive cash flow from operations. The Company currently projects that its cash, cash equivalents and investments will be sufficient to fund operating expenses and capital expenditures for at least one year from the date that these financial statements are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Possible sources of funds include public or private sales of the Company’s equity securities, sales of debt or convertible debt securities, the incurrence of debt from commercial lenders, strategic collaborations, licensing a portion or all of the Company’s products, product candidates and technology and, to a much lesser extent, grant funding.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP set forth in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company currently operates in one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one segment, which is discovering, developing and commercializing drugs primarily for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management has evaluated all accounting pronouncements issued through the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
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Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Although actual results could differ from those estimates, management does not believe that such differences would be material.
Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting policies used by the Company in its presentation of interim financial results are consistent with those presented in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts receivable, net from customers and cash, cash equivalents and investments held at financial institutions. As of September 30, 2023, the majority of the Company’s accounts receivable, net arose from product sales in the United States. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, 97% of sales were from three major wholesalers accounting for approximately 36%, 32%, and 29% of product sales. The percentage of the total net product sales by individual customers has not significantly changed since inception. All customers have standard payment terms which generally require payment within 60 days. As of September 30, 2023, the Company continues to believe that such customers are of high credit quality.
3. Investment Securities
Investment securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2023
Amortized
Cost		Unrealized
Gains		Unrealized
(Losses)		Estimated
Fair
Value
U.S. Government Agency Securities$191,726 $4 $(692)$191,038 
FDIC Certificates of Deposit5,131 — (40)5,091 
Certificates of Deposit60,000 — — 60,000 
Commercial Paper81,594 — (150)81,444 
Corporate Notes/Bonds76,503 — (457)76,046 
$414,954 $4 $(1,339)$413,619 
December 31, 2022
Amortized
Cost		Unrealized
Gains		Unrealized
(Losses)		Estimated
Fair
Value
U.S. Government Agency Securities$188,465 $14 $(1,729)$186,750 
FDIC Certificates of Deposit4,155 3 (72)4,086 
Certificates of Deposit7,500 — — 7,500 
Commercial Paper100,711 3 (269)100,445 
Corporate Notes/Bonds189,588 1 (2,141)187,448 
$490,419 $21 $(4,211)$486,229 
The Company has classified all of its investment securities as available-for-sale, including those with maturities beyond one year, as current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets based on the highly liquid nature of the investment securities and because these investment securities are considered available for use in current operations. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held $41.2 million and $71.5 million, respectively, of available-for-sale investment securities with contractual maturity dates more than one year and less than two years, with the remainder of the available-for-sale investment securities having contractual maturity dates less than one year.
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Unrealized losses as of September 30, 2023 approximate less than 1% of the estimated fair value of investments. The aggregate related fair value of investments with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2023 was $340.9 million, which consisted of $183.4 million from U.S. government agency securities, $5.1 million of certificates of deposit, $81.4 million of commercial paper, and $71.0 million of corporate notes/bonds. $58.9 million of the aggregate fair value of investments with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2023 has been held in a continuous unrealized loss position for over 12 months, with the remaining $282.0 million held in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate related fair value of investments with unrealized losses was $438.3 million. $49.1 million of the aggregate fair value of investments with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2022 had been held in a continuous unrealized loss position for over than 12 months, with the remaining $389.2 million held in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months.
The Company reviewed all of the investments which were in a loss position at the respective balance sheet dates, as well as the remainder of the portfolio. The Company has analyzed the unrealized losses and determined that market conditions were the primary factor driving these changes. After analyzing the securities in an unrealized loss position, the portion of these losses that relate to changes in credit quality is insignificant. The Company does not intend to sell these securities, nor is it more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them prior to the end of their contractual terms. Furthermore, the Company does not believe that these securities expose the Company to undue market risk or counterparty credit risk.
4. Fair Value Measurements
The Company applies the fair value method under ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The ASC Topic 820 hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of inputs, or assumptions, used in the determination of fair value and requires assets and liabilities carried at fair value to be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories based on the lowest level input used that is significant to a particular fair value measurement:
•Level 1—Fair value is determined by using unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
•Level 2—Fair value is determined by using inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable. Inputs can include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in inactive markets. Related inputs can also include those used in valuation or other pricing models, such as interest rates and yield curves that can be corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3—Fair value is determined by inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data. Use of these inputs involves significant and subjective judgments to be made by a reporting entity—e.g., determining an appropriate adjustment to a discount factor for illiquidity associated with a given security.
The Company has no assets or liabilities that were measured using prices with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 assets and liabilities) as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The carrying value of cash held in money market funds of $4.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and $12.2 million as of December 31, 2022 is included in cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and approximates market value based on quoted market prices or Level 1 inputs. The carrying value of cash held in certificates of deposit of $20.0 million as of September 30, 2023 is included in cash and cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash held in commercial paper of $14.9 million, U.S. government agency securities of $20.5 million and certificates of deposit of $7.5 million as of December 31, 2022 is included in cash and cash equivalents.
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The fair value measurements of the Company’s cash equivalents and available-for-sale investment securities are identified in the following tables (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements at
Reporting Date Using
September 30,
2023		Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Money Market Funds$4,420 $4,420 $— $— 
U.S. Government Agency Securities191,038 — 191,038 — 
FDIC Certificates of Deposit5,091 — 5,091 — 
Certificates of Deposit60,000 — 60,000 — 
Commercial Paper81,444 — 81,444 — 
Corporate Notes/Bonds76,046 — 76,046 — 
$418,039 $4,420 $413,619 $— 
Fair Value Measurements at
Reporting Date Using
December 31,
2022		Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Money Market Funds$12,203 $12,203 $— $— 
U.S. Government Agency Securities186,750 — 186,750 — 
FDIC Certificates of Deposit4,086 — 4,086 — 
Certificates of Deposit7,500 — 7,500 — 
Commercial Paper100,445 — 100,445 — 
Corporate Notes/Bonds187,448 — 187,448 — 
$498,432 $12,203 $486,229 $— 
5. Inventory
Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Raw materials$33,173 $17,227 
Work in process4,773 2,594 
Finished goods5,040 4,099 
$42,986 $23,920 
The raw materials balance includes the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and any related intermediate compounds. This supply exceeds 12 months of forecasted sales and other needs.
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6. Right of Use Assets and Lease Liabilities
In 2014, the Company entered into a long-term lease with a related party, which, as amended, provided for a lease of useable laboratory and office space located in New York, New York. A member of the Company’s board of directors is the Executive Chairman of the parent company to the landlord under this lease. Concurrent with this lease, the Company entered into a license agreement to occupy certain vivarium-related space in the same facility for the same term and rent escalation provisions as the lease. This license has the primary characteristics of a lease and is characterized as a lease. In September 2018, the Company further amended the lease to obtain an additional office space beginning October 1, 2018 and to extend the term of the lease for previously acquired space. The lease, as amended, has a term of 14.3 years ending in May 2029.
The Company has also entered into an agreement (the “Vehicle Lease”) with a company (the “Lessor”) to obtain motor vehicles for certain employees. The Vehicle Lease provides for individual leases for the vehicles, which at each lease commencement was determined to qualify for operating lease treatment. The contractual period of each lease is 12 months, followed by month-to-month renewal periods. The Company estimates the lease term for each vehicle to be 12 months. Leases which the Company determined to have a lease term of 12 months or less will be treated as short-term in accordance with the accounting policy election and are not recognized on the balance sheet. Each lease permits either party to terminate the lease at any time via written notice to the other party. The Company neither acquires ownership of, nor has the option to purchase the vehicles at any time. The Company is required to maintain an irrevocable $1.75 million letter of credit that the Lessor may draw upon in the event the Company defaults on the Vehicle Lease, which has been recorded as restricted cash on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company has no other significant leases. In addition, no identified leases require allocations between lease and non-lease components.
The following tables present the lease balances within the condensed consolidated balance sheets, weighted average remaining lease term, and the weighted average discount rates related to leases as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and operating cash outflows as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except years and percentages):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Other information
Weighted average remaining lease term5.6 years5.9 years
Weighted average discount rate9.07 %8.76 %
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
Lease cost
Operating lease cost$2,921$4,139
Variable lease cost1,1301,218
Short-term lease cost1,757—
$5,808$5,357
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Maturity analysis under the lease agreements is as follows (in thousands):
Three months ending December 31, 2023$930 
Year ending December 31, 20243,792 
Year ending December 31, 20253,907 
Year ending December 31, 20263,974 
Year ending December 31, 20274,022 
Thereafter5,915 
Total22,540 
Less: Present value discount(5,065)
Total operating lease liability17,475 
Less: Current portion(3,584)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current$13,891 
7. Commitments and Contingencies
License and Royalty Commitments
On May 31, 2005, the Company entered into a worldwide, exclusive License Agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (“BMS”), pursuant to which the Company holds a license to certain patents and know-how of BMS relating to lumateperone and other specified compounds. The agreement was amended on November 3, 2010. The licensed rights are exclusive, except BMS retains rights in specified compounds in the fields of obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, BMS has no right to use, develop or commercialize lumateperone and other specified compounds in any field of use. The Company has the right to grant sublicenses of the rights conveyed by BMS. The Company is obliged under the agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize the licensed technology. The Company is also prohibited from engaging in the clinical development or commercialization of specified competitive compounds.
Under the agreement, the Company has made payments of $10.75 million to BMS related to milestones achieved to date for lumateperone. Possible milestone payments remaining total $5.0 million. Under the agreement, the Company may be obliged to make other milestone payments to BMS for each licensed product of up to an aggregate of $14.75 million. The Company is also obliged to make tiered single digit percentage royalty payments ranging between 5 – 9% on sales of licensed products. The Company is obliged to pay to BMS a percentage of non-royalty payments made in consideration of any sublicense.
The agreement extends, and royalties are payable, on a country-by-country and product-by-product basis, through the later of ten years after first commercial sale of a licensed product in such country, expiration of the last licensed patent covering a licensed product, its method of manufacture or use, or the expiration of other government grants providing market exclusivity, subject to certain rights of the parties to terminate the agreement on the occurrence of certain events. On termination of the agreement, the Company may be obliged to convey to BMS rights in developments relating to a licensed compound or licensed product, including regulatory filings, research results and other intellectual property rights.
Purchase Commitments
The Company enters into certain other long-term commitments for goods and services that are outstanding for periods greater than one year. The Company recently amended certain manufacturing service agreements committing the Company to certain minimum annual purchase commitments for which the Company anticipates making payments within the years 2025 through 2029. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has committed to purchasing production campaigns for various raw materials including active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and its intermediates from each of its supply vendors. The current campaigns are expected to be received into inventory during 2023 and 2024. The Company has paid deposits of $19.4 million and $21.6 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, for the various campaigns, which are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets. Over the course of the vendors’ manufacturing period, the Company will remit payments to each vendor based on the payment plan within the executed agreements.
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8. Share-Based Compensation
Total share-based compensation expense related to all of the Company's share-based awards, including stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs) granted to employees and directors recognized during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was comprised of the following (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
Inventoriable costs$1,186 $1,307 
Selling, general and administrative25,269 19,293 
Research and development11,521 11,254 
Total share-based compensation expense$37,976 $31,854 
Information regarding the stock options activity, including with respect to grants to employees and directors as of September 30, 2023, and changes during the nine-month period then ended, are summarized as follows:
Number of
Shares		Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted-
Average
Contractual
Life
Outstanding at December 31, 20224,785,972$26.27 5.8 years
Options granted 2023284,212
Options exercised 2023(645,977)
Options canceled or expired 2023(38,652)
Outstanding at September 30, 20234,385,555$27.96 
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 20234,385,555$27.96 
Exercisable at September 30, 20233,605,710$23.37 
The fair value of the time-based RSUs is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Information regarding the time-based RSU activity and changes during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 is summarized as follows:
Number of
Shares		Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share		Weighted-
Average
Contractual
Life
Outstanding at December 31, 20221,274,664$42.76 0.8 years
Time-based RSUs granted in 20231,090,927
Time-based RSUs vested in 2023(657,775)
Time-based RSUs cancelled in 2023(60,148)
Outstanding at September 30, 20231,647,668$48.90 
As of September 30, 2023, there was $61.3 million of unrecognized compensation costs estimated related to unvested time-based RSUs.
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9. Loss Per Share
The following share-based awards were excluded in the calculation of diluted loss per share because their effect could be anti-dilutive as applied to the loss from operations for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three and Nine Months Ended
September 30,
20232022
Stock options4,385,5554,926,117
RSUs1,755,4601,495,711
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Item 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 1, 2023. In addition to historical information, the following discussion and analysis includes forward-looking information that involves risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 1, 2023, as updated from time to time in our subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, clinical development and commercialization of innovative, small molecule drugs that address underserved medical needs primarily in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders by targeting intracellular signaling mechanisms within the central nervous system, or CNS. In December 2019, CAPLYTA® (lumateperone) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults (42mg/day) and we initiated the commercial launch of CAPLYTA in March 2020. In December 2021, CAPLYTA was approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar depression in adults (42mg/day). We initiated the commercial launch of CAPLYTA for the treatment of bipolar depression in December 2021. Additionally, in April 2022, the FDA approved two additional dosage strengths of CAPLYTA, 10.5 mg and 21 mg capsules, to provide dosage recommendations for patients concomitantly taking strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, and 21 mg for patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B or C). We initiated the commercial launch of these special population doses in August 2022. As used in this report, “CAPLYTA” refers to lumateperone approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and for the treatment of bipolar depression in adults, and “lumateperone” refers to, where applicable, CAPLYTA as well as lumateperone for the treatment of indications beyond schizophrenia and bipolar depression.

Lumateperone is in Phase 3 clinical development as a novel treatment for major depressive disorder, or MDD. Patient enrollment in Study 501 and Study 502, global Phase 3 clinical trials evaluating lumateperone 42 mg as an adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of MDD, is ongoing. In addition, we initiated a third global Phase 3 trial, Study 505, also evaluating lumateperone 42 mg as an adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of MDD. Study 505 is intended to serve as a potential additional registration trial in support of a supplemental New Drug Application, or sNDA, for approval of lumateperone as an adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of MDD, if needed. This is a common strategy employed in mood disorder development programs. We expect to announce topline results from Study 501 in the first quarter of 2024 and Study 502 in the second quarter of 2024 and, subject to the results of these studies, we expect to file an sNDA with the FDA for approval of lumateperone as an adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of MDD in the second half of 2024.

In the first quarter of 2020, as part of our lumateperone bipolar depression clinical program, we initiated our third monotherapy Phase 3 study, Study 403, evaluating lumateperone as monotherapy in the treatment of major depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder. Following the positive results in our adjunctive study that was part of our bipolar depression clinical program, Study 402, we amended Study 403 to evaluate major depressive episodes with mixed features in bipolar disorder in patients with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder and mixed features in patients with MDD. In March 2023, we announced positive topline results from Study 403 as lumateperone 42mg given once daily met the primary endpoint in the study by demonstrating a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score compared to placebo at Week 6 in the combined patient population of MDD with mixed features and bipolar depression with mixed features (5.7 point reduction v. placebo; p<0.0001; Cohen’s d effect size (ES) of 0.64). Robust results were also seen in the individual patient population of MDD with mixed features (5.9 point reduction v. placebo; p<0.0001; ES= 0.67), and in the individual patient population of bipolar depression with mixed features (5.7 point reduction v. placebo; p<0.0001; ES= 0.64). Additionally, lumateperone 42mg met the key secondary endpoint in the study by demonstrating a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in the clinician’s assessment of improvement in the overall severity on the Global Impression of Severity Scale (CGI-S) score compared to placebo at Week 6 in the combined patient population of MDD with mixed features and bipolar depression with mixed features (p<0.0001; ES= 0.59) and in the individual patient population of MDD with mixed features (p=0.0003; ES= 0.57), as well as the individual patient population of bipolar depression with mixed features p<0.0001; ES=0.61). We expect to discuss the results of Study 403 with the FDA in late 2023 or the first quarter of 2024.
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We also have an ongoing study, Study 304, evaluating lumateperone for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. The study is being conducted in five phases consisting of a screening phase; a 6-week, open-label run-in phase during which all patients will receive 42 mg of lumateperone per day; a 12-week, open-label stabilization phase during which all patients will receive 42 mg of lumateperone per day; a double-blind treatment phase, 26 weeks in duration, during which patients receive either 42 mg of lumateperone per day or placebo (1:1 ratio); and a 2-week safety follow-up phase. This study is being conducted in accordance with our post approval marketing commitment to the FDA in connection with the approval of CAPLYTA for the treatment of schizophrenia as is typical for antipsychotics.
Within the lumateperone portfolio, we are also developing a long-acting injectable, or LAI, formulation to provide more treatment options to patients suffering from mental illness. We have conducted a Phase 1 single ascending dose study with our initial LAI formulation. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of this lumateperone LAI in patients with stable symptoms of schizophrenia and was safe and well-tolerated. We are also evaluating several additional formulations of the LAI with treatment durations of one month and longer. We have completed all non-clinical studies to support the initiation of a Phase 1 study with four additional formulations of our LAI. We expect to commence clinical conduct in this study in the first half of 2024. Given the encouraging tolerability data to date with oral lumateperone, we believe that an LAI option, in particular, may lend itself to being an important formulation choice for certain patients.
We are developing ITI-1284-ODT-SL for the treatment of agitation in patients with dementia, the treatment of dementia-related psychosis and the treatment of certain depressive disorders in the elderly. ITI-1284-ODT-SL is a deuterated form of lumateperone, a new molecular entity formulated as an oral disintegrating tablet for sublingual administration. ITI-1284-ODT-SL is formulated as an oral solid dosage form that dissolves almost instantly when placed under the tongue, allowing for ease of use in the elderly and may be particularly beneficial for patients who have difficulty swallowing conventional tablets. Phase 1 single and multiple ascending dose studies in healthy volunteers and healthy elderly volunteers (> than 65 years of age) evaluated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ITI-1284-ODT-SL. In these studies, there were no reported serious adverse events in either age group. In the elderly cohort, reported adverse events were infrequent with the most common adverse event being transient dry mouth (mild). Based on these results, we have initiated Phase 2 programs evaluating ITI-1284-ODT-SL for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis in Alzheimer's disease and in patients with agitation in Alzheimer’s disease. The FDA has informed us that they do not believe the deuterated and undeuterated forms of lumateperone are identical. As a result, the non-clinical data from lumateperone may not be broadly applied to ITI-1284-ODT-SL, and we conducted additional toxicology studies. These studies have been completed and we expect to commence clinical conduct in our Phase 2 studies in the first half of 2024. We are continuing with Phase 1 studies with ITI-1284-ODT-SL, including drug-drug interaction studies.
We have another major program that has yielded a portfolio of compounds that selectively inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 1, or PDE1. PDE1 enzymes are highly active in multiple disease states, and our PDE1 inhibitors are designed to reestablish normal function in these disease states. Abnormal PDE1 activity is associated with cellular proliferation and activation of inflammatory cells. Our PDE1 inhibitors ameliorate both of these effects in animal models. We intend to pursue the development of our phosphodiesterase, or PDE, program, for the treatment of aberrant immune system activation in several CNS and non-CNS conditions with a focus on diseases where excessive PDE1 activity has been demonstrated and increased inflammation is an important contributor to disease pathogenesis. Our potential disease targets include immune system regulation, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers and other non-CNS disorders. Lenrispodun (ITI-214) is our lead compound in this program. Following the favorable safety and tolerability results in our Phase 1 program, we initiated our development program for lenrispodun for Parkinson’s disease and conducted a Phase 1/2 clinical trial of lenrispodun in patients with Parkinson’s disease to evaluate safety and tolerability in this patient population, as well as motor and non-motor exploratory endpoints. In this study, lenrispodun was generally well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile and clinical signs consistent with improvements in motor symptoms and dyskinesias. Our Phase 2 clinical trial of lenrispodun evaluating improvements in motor symptoms, changes in cognition, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with Parkinson’s disease is ongoing. We expect to complete this study in the first half of 2025. We also have an active Investigational New Drug application to evaluate our newest candidate within the PDE 1 inhibitor program, ITI-1020, as a novel cancer immunotherapy. Our Phase 1 program with ITI-1020 in healthy volunteers is ongoing.
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We also have a development program with our ITI-333 compound as a potential treatment for substance use disorders, pain and psychiatric comorbidities including depression and anxiety. There is a pressing need to develop new drugs to treat opioid addiction and safe, effective, non-addictive treatments to manage pain. ITI-333 is a novel compound that uniquely combines activity as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and a partial agonist at µ-opioid receptors. These combined actions support the potential utility of ITI-333 in the treatment of opioid use disorder and associated comorbidities (e.g., depression, anxiety, sleep disorders) without opioid-like safety and tolerability concerns. We have conducted a Phase 1 single ascending dose study evaluating the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ITI-333 in healthy volunteers. In this study, ITI-333 achieved plasma exposures at or above those required for efficacy and was generally safe and well-tolerated. We have commenced a neuroimaging study to investigate brain occupancy for receptors that play a role in substance use disorder and also have applicability for pain. The results of this study will support the dose selection for future studies. We also have an ongoing multiple ascending dose study with ITI-333 in healthy volunteers that we expect to complete in 2024. We have received a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse under the Helping to End Addiction Long-term Initiative, or NIH HEAL Initiative, that we expect will fund a significant portion of the early stage clinical development costs associated with this program.
We have assembled a management team with significant industry experience to lead the commercialization of our product and the discovery, development and potential commercialization of our product candidates. We complement our management team with a group of scientific and clinical advisors that includes recognized experts in the fields of schizophrenia, bipolar depression and other CNS disorders.
COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread, rapidly evolving, and unpredictable impacts on global societies, economies, financial markets, and business practices. We continue to closely monitor the evolution and global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the identification of new variants of the COVID-19 virus and related developments, and our focus remains on promoting employee health and safety while continuing to advance the commercialization of our products and the research and development of our product candidates. Please refer to our Risk Factors in Part I, Item IA of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results of Operations
The following discussion summarizes the key factors our management believes are necessary for an understanding of our financial statements.
Revenues
Net revenues from product sales consist of sales of CAPLYTA, which was approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults in December 2019 and for the treatment of bipolar depression in adults in December 2021. In addition, in April 2022, the FDA approved two additional dosage strengths of CAPLYTA for certain patients. During the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023, net product sales increased to approximately $125.8 million and $330.7 million, respectively, from approximately $71.9 million and $161.7 million for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
Expenses
The process of researching, developing and commercializing drugs for human use is lengthy, unpredictable and subject to many risks. The costs associated with the commercialization of CAPLYTA are substantial and will be incurred prior to our generating sufficient revenue to offset these costs. Costs for the clinical development of lumateperone-related projects, including for the treatment of MDD, consume and, together with our required post-marketing studies and other anticipated clinical development programs, will continue to consume a large portion of our current, as well as projected, resources. We intend to pursue other disease indications that lumateperone may address, but there are significant costs associated with pursuing FDA approval for those indications, which would include the cost of additional clinical trials.
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Our PDE, ITI-1284 and ITI-333 development programs are currently in clinical development. Our other programs are still in the pre-clinical stages and will require extensive funding not only to complete pre-clinical testing, but also to commence and complete clinical trials. Expenditures that we incur in connection with these programs will be subject to availability of funding in addition to the funding required for the advancement of lumateperone. Any failure or delay in the advancement of lumateperone could require us to re-allocate resources from our other programs to the advancement of lumateperone, which could have a material adverse impact on the advancement of these other programs and on our results of operations.
Our operating expenses are comprised of (i) costs of product sales; (ii) selling expenses; (iii) general and administrative expenses; and (iv) research and development expenses.
Costs of product sales are comprised of:
•royalty payments on product sales;
•direct costs of formulating, manufacturing and packaging drug product; and
•overhead costs consisting of labor, share-based compensation, shipping, outside inventory manufacturing and other miscellaneous operating costs.
Selling expenses are incurred in three major categories:
•salaries and related benefit costs of a dedicated sales force;
•marketing and promotion expenses; and
•sales operation costs.
General and administrative expenses are incurred in three major categories:
•salaries and related benefit costs;
•patent, legal, and professional costs; and
•office and facilities overhead.
Research and development costs are comprised of:
•fees paid to external parties that provide us with contract services, such as pre-clinical testing, manufacturing and related testing, clinical trial activities and license milestone payments; and
•internal recurring costs, such as costs relating to labor and fringe benefits, materials, supplies, facilities and maintenance.

Product sold through September 30, 2023 consisted of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and drug product that was previously charged to research and development expenses prior to FDA approval of CAPLYTA and other direct, indirect, and overhead costs required to make final product for sale. Because the Company’s policy does not allow for the capitalization of pre-approval product, the cost of drug product sold is lower than it would have been and has a positive impact on our cost of product sales for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. We expect to continue to have this favorable impact on cost of product sales and related product gross margins until the cost of our sales of CAPLYTA include drug product that is manufactured entirely after the FDA approval. We expect that this will be the case for the near-term and, as a result, our cost of product sales is less than we anticipate it will be in future periods. In addition, as our net product sales increase in the future and, we exceed certain sales thresholds, the applicable royalty rate for payments we make under our License Agreement with Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) will increase, which we anticipate will result in an increase to cost of product sales.
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We expect that research and development expenses will increase moderately as we proceed with our clinical trials including, increased manufacturing of drug product for clinical trials and pre-clinical development activities. We also expect that our selling, general and administrative costs will increase from prior periods primarily due to costs associated with promotional activities to support the commercial sales of CAPLYTA as well as costs associated with building and maintaining infrastructure, which will include hiring additional personnel and increasing technological capabilities. We granted significant share-based awards in 2023 and 2022. We expect to continue to grant share-based awards in the future. We expect that our growing employee base will increase our share-based compensation expense in future periods. In addition, inflation has and may continue to affect us by increasing clinical trial and other operational costs. To date, inflation has not had a material impact on our business, but if the global inflationary trends continue, we expect appreciable increases in clinical trial, selling, labor, and other operating costs.
The following table sets forth our revenues, operating expenses, interest income and income tax expense for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(Unaudited) (Unaudited)
Revenues
Product sales, net$125,810 $71,870 $330,669 $161,699 
Grant revenue363 — 1,602 746 
Total revenues126,173 71,870 332,271 162,445 
Expenses
Cost of product sales9,129 5,850 23,043 13,655 
Selling, general and administrative105,207 88,375 305,144 264,151 
Research and development41,550 33,274 129,368 100,853 
Total operating expenses155,886 127,499 457,555 378,659 
Loss from operations(29,713)(55,629)(125,284)(216,214)
Interest income5,498 2,122 14,377 3,990 
Income tax expense(43)(1)(188)(6)
Net loss$(24,258)$(53,508)$(111,095)$(212,230)
Comparison of Three and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022
Product Sales, Net
Net product sales were $125.8 million and $330.7 million for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $71.9 million and $161.7 million for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Net product sales for the periods presented are comprised of sales of CAPLYTA for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression.
Cost of Product Sales
Cost of product sales was $9.1 million and $23.0 million for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $5.9 million and $13.7 million for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Cost of product sales consisted primarily of product royalty fees and direct and overhead costs. Drug product costs, including certain direct, indirect, and overhead costs, for product sales from commercial launch through September 30, 2023 were previously charged to research and development expenses prior to FDA approval in December 2019 and are not a component of cost of product sales. This minimal cost drug product had a favorable impact on our cost of product sales and related product gross margins for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
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We expect product sales in future quarters will continue to be impacted by lower cost of product sales that excludes the cost of the drug product that was incurred prior to FDA approval until our sales of CAPLYTA include drug product that is entirely manufactured after the FDA approval. We expect that this will continue to be the case for the near-term and, as a result, our cost of product sales will be less than we anticipate it will be in future periods. We expect cost of product sales will increase in future quarters as minimum sales thresholds are met, resulting in royalty payment increases under the BMS License Agreement.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative costs for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 were $105.2 million as compared to $88.4 million in the three-month period ended September 30, 2022, which represents an increase of 19%.
Selling costs were $80.9 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 as compared to selling costs of $68.1 million in the same period in 2022, which represents an increase of 19%. This increase is primarily due to increases of marketing and advertising expenses of $6.8 million, sales related labor costs of $5.0 million primarily due to the increase in our sales force, and travel and other sales related expenses of $1.0 million. Salaries, bonuses and related benefit costs for our sales and marketing functions for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 constituted 35% and 34%, respectively, of our selling costs.
General and administrative expenses were $24.3 million in the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $20.3 million for the same period in 2022, an increase of 20%. This increase is due to increases in share-based compensation of $2.5 million, professional and other administrative expenses of $1.0 million, and the remainder of the increase relates to information technology related costs of $0.5 million. Salaries, bonuses and related benefit costs for our general and administrative functions for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 constituted 18% and 23%, respectively, of our general and administrative costs.
Selling, general and administrative costs for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 were $305.1 million as compared to $264.2 million in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, which represents an increase of 16%.
Selling costs were $233.5 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $205.4 million in the same period in 2022, or an increase of 14%. This increase is primarily due to increases in commercialization costs of $14.5 million, sales related labor costs of $11.1 million primarily due to the increase in our sales force and $2.5 million in travel and other sales related expenses. Salaries, bonuses and related benefit costs for our sales and marketing functions for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 constituted approximately 35% of our selling costs.
General and administrative expenses for the nine-months ended September 30, 2023 were $71.6 million as compared to $58.7 million for the same period in 2022, an increase of 22%. This increase is due to increases in stock compensation expense of $6.0 million, labor related expense of $2.0 million, and the remainder for insurance, lease expense, and other administrative expenses. Salaries, bonuses and related benefit costs for our general and administrative functions for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 constituted approximately 22% and 23%, respectively, of our general and administrative costs.
We expect selling, general and administrative costs to increase moderately in 2023 as compared to 2022 due to our sales force expansion and increased marketing, promotional and advertising costs.
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Research and Development Expenses
The following tables set forth our research and development expenses for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
External service costs$29,123 $22,654 $94,579 $69,801 
Internal and other costs12,427 10,620 34,789 31,052 
Total research and development expenses$41,550 $33,274 $129,368 $100,853 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Lumateperone costs$23,149 $16,877 $78,510 $56,487 
Non-lumateperone costs9,614 9,017 27,670 23,281 
Overhead and other costs8,787 7,380 23,188 21,085 
Total research and development expenses$41,550 $33,274 $129,368 $100,853 
Research and development expenses increased to $41.6 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $33.3 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2022, representing an increase of $8.3 million, or 25%. This increase is due primarily to an increase of $6.3 million for lumateperone project costs, an increase of $0.6 million for non-lumateperone projects, and an increase of $1.4 million for overhead and other costs. External service costs increased by $6.5 million for the period due to the increased lumateperone and non-lumateperone clinical trials as well as other project costs. Internal and other costs increased by $1.8 million for the period due primarily to labor related costs and share-based compensation.
Research and development expenses increased to $129.4 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $100.9 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, representing an increase of $28.5 million, or 28%. This increase is due primarily to increases of $22.0 million for lumateperone project costs, $4.4 million for non-lumateperone projects, and $2.1 million for overhead and other costs. External service costs increased by $24.8 million for the period due to the increased lumateperone and non-lumateperone project costs. Internal and other costs increased by $3.7 million for the period due primarily to labor related costs and share-based compensation.
The successful development of our product candidates and the approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and is uncertain and subject to a number of risks. We cannot be certain that any of our product candidates will prove to be safe and effective, will meet all of the applicable regulatory requirements needed to receive and maintain marketing approval, or will be granted marketing approval on a timely basis, if at all. Data from non-clinical studies and clinical trials are susceptible to varying interpretations that could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval or could result in label warnings related to or recalls of approved products. We, the FDA, or other regulatory authorities may suspend clinical trials at any time if we or they believe that the subjects participating in such trials are being exposed to unacceptable risks or if such regulatory agencies find deficiencies in the conduct of the trials or other problems with our product candidates. Other risks associated with our product candidates are described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as updated by the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and from time to time in our other periodic and current reports filed with the SEC.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating and cash losses from our operations. We have primarily funded our operations to date through proceeds from public and private offerings of our common stock and other securities, and to a far lesser extent, through proceeds from grants from government agencies and foundations. In addition, we began to generate net product revenue in the first quarter of 2020 in conjunction with the commercial launch of CAPLYTA.
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As of September 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale investment securities, and restricted cash totaled $494.8 million. We invest cash in excess of our immediate requirements with regard to liquidity and capital preservation in a variety of interest-bearing instruments, including obligations of U.S. government agencies and money market accounts. Wherever possible, we seek to minimize the potential effects of concentration and degrees of risk. Although we maintain cash balances and investments with financial institutions in excess of insured limits, we do not anticipate any losses with respect to such balances.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we used $122.1 million of net cash in operating activities, a decrease of $108.9 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in net cash used in operations was primarily due to higher sales offset partially by increases in operating expenses. The primary uses of cash were for selling and marketing costs in connection with our commercialization of CAPLYTA, conducting clinical trials and non-clinical testing, funding recurring operating expenses, and product manufacturing.
Based on our current operating plans, we expect that our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and product sales will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the filing date of this quarterly report. During that time, we expect that our expenses will increase, primarily due to the continued commercialization of CAPLYTA for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression; the development of lumateperone in our late-stage clinical programs; the development of our other product candidates and programs, including PDE, ITI-1284, and ITI-333; and infrastructure expansion and general operations.
We seek to balance the level of cash, cash equivalents and investments on hand with our projected needs and to allow us to withstand periods of uncertainty relative to the availability of funding on favorable terms. Subject to our ability to generate significant revenues from operations, we may need to satisfy our future cash needs through public or private sales of our equity securities, sales of debt securities, incurrence of debt from commercial lenders, strategic collaborations, licensing a portion or all of our product candidates and technology and, to a lesser extent, grant funding.
We cannot be sure that future funding will be available to us when we need it on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. We sell securities and incur debt when the terms of such transactions are deemed favorable to us and as necessary to fund our current and projected cash needs. The amount of funding we raise through sales of our common stock or other securities depends on many factors, including, but not limited to, the magnitude of sales of CAPLYTA, the status and progress of our product development programs, projected cash needs, availability of funding from other sources, our stock price and the status of the capital markets. Due to the volatile nature of the financial markets, equity and debt financing may be difficult to obtain.
To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through government or other third-party funding, marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.
If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis, we may be required to: (1) delay, limit, reduce or terminate non-clinical studies, clinical trials or other clinical development activities for one or more of our product candidates, including our lead product candidate lumateperone and our other product candidates; (2) delay, limit, reduce or terminate our discovery research or non-clinical development activities; (3) enter into licenses or other arrangements with third parties on terms that may be unfavorable to us or sell, license or relinquish rights to develop or commercialize our product candidates, technologies or intellectual property at an earlier stage of development and on less favorable terms than we would otherwise agree; or (4) limit or reduce commercialization efforts related to CAPLYTA.
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Our cash, cash equivalents, and investments are maintained in checking accounts, money market accounts, money market mutual funds, U.S. government agency securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate notes and corporate bonds at major financial institutions. Since early 2022, interest rates have risen which is increasing our interest income. During 2023, there was a decrease in unrealized loss primarily due to maturities of lower yielding investments. Due to the short-term nature of these investments and our intention to hold these investments to maturity, we do not expect to recognize these losses. Even with the rise or further potential rise in interest rates, we do not expect interest income to be a significant source of funding. In addition, our investment portfolio historically has not been adversely impacted by problems in the credit markets, but there can be no assurance that our investment portfolio will not be adversely affected in the future.
Our cash requirements in the short and long term consist primarily of operational and manufacturing expenditures, a portion of which contain contractual or other obligations. We plan to fund our cash requirements with our current financial resources together with our anticipated receipts from product sales. We manage future cash requirements relative to our long-term business plans. Our primary uses of cash relate to marketing and manufacturing our products, paying employees and consultants, administering clinical trials, and providing technology and facility infrastructure to support our operations.
We have three kinds of long-term contractual commitments - operating leases, licensing and royalty commitments, and purchase obligations. Our operating lease for approximately 32,000 square feet of useable laboratory and office space, as amended, had an original term of 14.3 years ending in May 2029.
We entered into an exclusive license with BMS for which we are obligated to make tiered single-digit percentage royalty payments on sales of licensed products. The amount of future royalty obligations are dependent on future net product sales of the licensed product. The Company may also be obligated to make other milestone payments to BMS for each licensed product of up to an aggregate of $14.75 million.
In addition, we have entered into certain other long-term commitments for goods and services that are outstanding for periods greater than one year. We recently amended certain manufacturing service agreements committing the Company to certain minimum annual purchase commitments for which we anticipate payments being made within the years 2025 through 2029. We also have entered into short-term agreements with various vendors and suppliers of goods and services in the normal course of operations through purchase orders. Such short-term agreements are generally outstanding for periods less than a year and are settled by cash payments upon delivery of goods and services. The nature of the work being conducted under these agreements is such that, in most cases, the services may be stopped on short notice without penalty. In such event, we would not be liable for the full amount of the agreement. We also have entered into clinical trial agreements which may span over multiple years.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our critical accounting policies are those policies which require the most significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our estimates, judgments, and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. A summary of our critical accounting policies is presented in Part II, Item 7, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023.
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the periods presented. Judgments must also be made about the disclosure of contingent liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates and assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management makes estimates and exercises judgment in research and development, including clinical trial accruals. Actual results may differ from those estimates and under different assumptions or conditions.
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
We review new accounting standards to determine the expected financial impact, if any, that the adoption of each such standard will have. Based on our assessment, all new accounting pronouncements were determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
Certain Factors That May Affect Future Results of Operations
The SEC encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s future prospects and make informed investment decisions. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains such “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about: the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, revenues, uses of cash, cash equivalents and investment securities, capital requirements and the need for additional financing; our expectations regarding our commercialization of CAPLYTA; the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and its continued impact on our business; the supply and availability of and demand for our product; the initiation, cost, timing, progress and results of our development activities, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials; the timing of and our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval, or submit an application for regulatory approval, of lumateperone and our other existing product candidates, any product candidates that we may develop, and any related restrictions, limitations, and/or warnings in the label of any approved product candidates; our plans to research, develop and commercialize lumateperone and our other current and future product candidates; the election by any collaborator to pursue research, development and commercialization activities; our ability to obtain future reimbursement and/or milestone payments from our collaborators; our ability to attract collaborators with development, regulatory and commercialization expertise; our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates; our ability to successfully commercialize lumateperone and our other product candidates; the performance of our third-party suppliers and manufacturers and our ability to obtain alternative sources of raw materials; our ability to obtain additional financing; our use of the proceeds from our securities offerings; our exposure to investment risk, interest rate risk, inflation risk, capital market risk, and geopolitical instability; and our ability to attract and retain key scientific, management, or sales and marketing personnel.
Words such as “may,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “likely,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “continue” and words and terms of similar substance used in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance, identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are management’s present expectations of future events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those described in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: there are no guarantees that CAPLYTA will be commercially successful; we may encounter issues, delays or other challenges in commercializing CAPLYTA; the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact our commercial plans and sales for CAPLYTA; the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact the conduct of, and the timing of enrollment, completion and reporting with respect to, our clinical trials; whether CAPLYTA receives adequate reimbursement from third-party payors; the degree to which CAPLYTA receives acceptance from patients and physicians for its approved indications; challenges associated with execution of our sales activities, which in each case could limit the potential of our product; results achieved in CAPLYTA in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression following commercial launch of the product may be different than observed in clinical trials, and may vary among patients; any other impacts on our business as a result of or related to the COVID-19 pandemic; challenges associated with supply and manufacturing activities, which in each case could limit our sales and the availability of our product; impacts on our business, including on the commercialization of CAPLYTA and our clinical trials, as a result of the conflicts in Ukraine and Israel; risks associated with our current and planned clinical trials; we may encounter unexpected safety or tolerability issues with CAPLYTA following commercial launch for the treatment of schizophrenia or bipolar depression or in ongoing or future trials and other development activities; our other product candidates may not be successful or may take longer and be more costly than anticipated; product candidates that appeared promising in earlier research and clinical trials may not demonstrate safety and/or efficacy in larger-scale or later clinical trials or in clinical trials for other indications; our proposals with respect to the regulatory path for our product candidates may not be acceptable to the FDA; our reliance on collaborative partners and other third parties for development, commercialization, manufacturing or supply of our product and product candidates; risks related to increased interest rates, high rates of inflation, global supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical instability on our business; and the other risk factors detailed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated under the heading “Risk Factors” from time to time in our subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC.
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In light of these assumptions, risks and uncertainties, the results and events discussed in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or in any document incorporated by reference might not occur. Stockholders are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We are not under any obligation, and we expressly disclaim any obligation, to update or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All subsequent forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or to any person acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section.
Item 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Sensitivity. As of September 30, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash of $494.8 million consisting of cash deposited in a highly rated financial institution in the United States and in a short-term U.S. Treasury money market fund, as well as high-grade corporate bonds and commercial paper. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve our capital for the purpose of funding operations and we do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. We believe that we do not have material exposure to high-risk investments such as mortgage-backed securities, auction rate securities or other special investment vehicles within our money-market fund investments. We believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in fair value as a result of changes in interest rates. Since early 2022, interest rates have risen which is increasing our interest income. During 2023, there was a decrease in unrealized loss primarily due to maturities of lower yielding investments. This gain resulted in a lower net unrealized loss balance of $1.3 million as of September 30, 2023.
Inflation Risk. Inflation generally may affect us by increasing our cost of labor, clinical trial costs, and costs of other outsourced activities. To date, inflation has not had a material impact on our business, but if the global inflationary trends continue, we expect appreciable increases in clinical trial, selling, labor, and other operating costs. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases of our product or cash flows from other sources. Our inability or failure to do so could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Capital Market Risk. Although we receive product revenues from commercial sales of CAPLYTA, we continue to assess the need for additional funding through other sources. One possible source of funding is through further equity offerings. Our ability to raise funds in this manner depends upon capital market forces affecting our stock price.
Item 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, have concluded that, based on such evaluation, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of such internal control that occurred during the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On July 8, 2022, a purported shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the Supreme Court for the State of New York against the directors serving on the Company’s board of directors and the Company as a nominal defendant alleging breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment alleging that compensation awarded to the director defendants for service on the board of directors was excessive. On March 6, 2023, the parties filed a stipulation of settlement (the “Stipulation”). The Stipulation does not require any damages payments or disgorgement by defendants or the Company. The Stipulation provides that, going forward, the board of directors will amend its compensation policies for non-employee directors, including, inter alia, by capping annual equity compensation at the 75th percentile of the annual equity grants for a peer group of companies. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Stipulation and final approval of the Court, the Company and/or its insurance carriers have agreed to pay up to $375,000 in attorneys’ fees to plaintiff’s counsel. On April 12, 2023, the court granted preliminary approval of the settlement and on July 17, 2023 the court approved the Stipulation.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2023.
Item 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
Not applicable.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2023.
Item 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
Item 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
Item 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023, the following executive officer modified his "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act):

•On August 11, 2023, Michael I. Halstead, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, modified his Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, originally adopted on March 15, 2023 and modified on May 8, 2023, to change the start date of the plan to November 13, 2023, and increase the number of shares to be sold under the plan. The modified plan is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) and provides for the sale of up to an aggregate of 137,872 shares of our common stock until March 28, 2024.

There were no "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements" (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 by our directors and executive officers.
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Item 6.    EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
Filed
Herewith
Incorporated by
Reference herein
from Form
or Schedule
Filing Date
SEC File/
Reg. Number
31.1X
31.2X
32X
101
The following materials from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022 (audited), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
X
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).X


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
INTRA-CELLULAR THERAPIES, INC.
Date: November 2, 2023
By:/s/ Sharon Mates, Ph.D.
Sharon Mates, Ph.D.
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 2, 2023
By:/s/ Lawrence J. Hineline
Lawrence J. Hineline
Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
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