Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_______________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_______________________________________________

(Mark One)



ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-34385

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

_______________________________________________



Maryland		26-2749336
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 1800 Atlanta, Georgia		30309
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(404) 892-0896

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large Accelerated filer	ý		Accelerated filer	o
Non-Accelerated filer	o	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	o
			Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý

As of May 1, 2018, there were 111,636,723 outstanding shares of common stock of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.

Table of Contents

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017	1

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017	2

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017	3

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2018	4

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017	5

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	62

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	66

PART II OTHER INFORMATION		67

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	67

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	67

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	67

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	67

Item 5.	Other Information	67

Item 6.	Exhibits	69

Table of Contents

PART I


ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)



	As of
$ in thousands except share amounts	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities, at fair value (including pledged securities of $17,185,870 and $17,560,811, respectively)	17,622,234		18,190,754
Commercial loans, held-for-investment	184,255		191,808
Cash and cash equivalents	117,124		88,381
Restricted cash	2,400		620
Due from counterparties	5,375		—
Investment related receivable (including pledged securities of $189,263 and $0, respectively)	256,899		73,217
Derivative assets, at fair value	26,385		6,896
Other assets	107,372		105,580
Total assets	18,322,044		18,657,256
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Repurchase agreements	13,911,137		14,080,801
Secured loans	1,650,000		1,650,000
Exchangeable senior notes, net	—		143,231
Derivative liabilities, at fair value	20,354		32,765
Dividends and distributions payable	50,199		50,193
Investment related payable	109,080		5,191
Accrued interest payable	18,238		17,845
Collateral held payable	27,553		7,327
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,712		2,200
Due to affiliate	11,415		10,825
Total liabilities	15,799,688		16,000,378
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 16):
Equity:
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized:
7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 5,600,000 shares issued and outstanding ($140,000 aggregate liquidation preference)	135,356		135,356
7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 6,200,000 shares issued and outstanding ($155,000 aggregate liquidation preference)	149,860		149,860
7.50% Fixed-to-Floating Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 11,500,000 shares issued and outstanding ($287,500 aggregate liquidation preference)	278,108		278,108
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 450,000,000 shares authorized; 111,636,723 and 111,624,159 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	1,116		1,116
Additional paid in capital	2,384,626		2,384,356
Accumulated other comprehensive income	133,352		261,029
Retained earnings (distributions in excess of earnings)	(584,750	)	(579,334	)
Total stockholders’ equity	2,497,668		2,630,491
Non-controlling interest	24,688		26,387
Total equity	2,522,356		2,656,878
Total liabilities and equity	18,322,044		18,657,256

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.



	1

Table of Contents

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands, except share amounts	2018		2017
Interest Income
Mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities	149,003		118,873
Commercial loans	4,222		5,764
Total interest income	153,225		124,637
Interest Expense
Repurchase agreements	59,585		29,947
Secured loans	6,927		3,413
Exchangeable senior notes	1,621		5,008
Total interest expense	68,133		38,368
Net interest income	85,092		86,269
Other Income (loss)
Gain (loss) on investments, net	(160,370	)	(1,853	)
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures	896		(1,534	)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	133,367		5,462
Realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net	3,165		19,955
Net loss on extinguishment of debt	(26	)	(4,711	)
Other investment income (loss), net	3,102		1,329
Total other income (loss)	(19,866	)	18,648
Expenses
Management fee – related party	10,221		8,801
General and administrative	1,756		2,084
Total expenses	11,977		10,885
Net income	53,249		94,032
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	671		1,186
Net income attributable to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.	52,578		92,846
Dividends to preferred stockholders	11,107		5,716
Net income attributable to common stockholders	41,471		87,130
Earnings per share:
Net income attributable to common stockholders
Basic	0.37		0.78
Diluted	0.37		0.73
Dividends declared per common share	0.42		0.40

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.



	2

Table of Contents

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Net income	53,249		94,032
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities, net	(132,317	)	16,289
Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss on sale of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities to gain (loss) on investments, net	9,237		850
Reclassification of amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense	(6,539	)	(6,298	)
Currency translation adjustments on investment in unconsolidated venture	312		(615	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(129,307	)	10,226
Comprehensive income (loss)	(76,058	)	104,258
Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest	959		(1,315	)
Less: Dividends to preferred stockholders	(11,107	)	(5,716	)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	(86,206	)	97,227

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.



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Table of Contents

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

For the three months ended March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)



							Attributable to Common Stockholders
									Additional Paid in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings (Distributions in excess of earnings)		Total Stockholders’ Equity		Non- Controlling Interest
	Series A Preferred Stock		Series B Preferred Stock		Series C Preferred Stock
$ in thousands except share amounts	Series A Preferred Stock		Series B Preferred Stock		Series C Preferred Stock		Common Stock											Total Equity
$ in thousands except share amounts	Shares	Amount	Shares	Amount	Shares	Amount	Shares	Amount										Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	5,600,000	135,356	6,200,000	149,860	11,500,000	278,108	111,624,159	1,116	2,384,356	261,029		(579,334	)	2,630,491		26,387		2,656,878
Net income	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—		52,578		52,578		671		53,249
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	(127,677	)	—		(127,677	)	(1,630	)	(129,307	)
Stock awards	—	—	—	—	—	—	12,564	—	—	—		—		—		—		—
Common stock dividends	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—		(46,887	)	(46,887	)	—		(46,887	)
Common unit dividends	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—		—		—		(599	)	(599	)
Preferred stock dividends	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—		(11,107	)	(11,107	)	—		(11,107	)
Amortization of equity-based compensation	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	127	—		—		127		2		129
Rebalancing of ownership percentage of non-controlling interest	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	143	—		—		143		(143	)	—
Balance at March 31, 2018	5,600,000	135,356	6,200,000	149,860	11,500,000	278,108	111,636,723	1,116	2,384,626	133,352		(584,750	)	2,497,668		24,688		2,522,356

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this condensed consolidated financial statement.



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Table of Contents

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	53,249		94,032
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities premiums and (discounts), net	12,663		18,888
Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net	(145,479	)	(28,356	)
Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on credit derivatives, net	2,468		(14,148	)
(Gain) loss on investments, net	160,370		1,853
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated ventures in excess of distributions received	(352	)	1,760
Other amortization	(6,265	)	(5,736	)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt	26		4,711
(Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions, net	(1,800	)	(513	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in operating assets	1,334		(2,618	)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities	562		(7,103	)
Net cash provided by operating activities	76,776		62,770
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities	(298,859	)	(1,846,444	)
(Contributions to) distributions from investments in unconsolidated ventures, net	(1,532	)	(2,636	)
Purchase of exchange-traded fund	—		(3,508	)
Principal payments from mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities	488,123		562,190
Proceeds from sale of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities	—		180,809
Proceeds from/ (payments for) settlement or termination of forwards, swaps and futures, net	113,578		14,918
Net change in due from counterparties and collateral held payable	14,853		2,032
Principal payments from commercial loans held-for-investment	10,042		—
Origination and advances of commercial loans, net of origination fees	(698	)	(2,014	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	325,507		(1,094,653	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from repurchase agreements	35,711,164		30,147,699
Principal repayments of repurchase agreements	(35,880,828	)	(29,017,053	)
Extinguishment of exchangeable senior notes	(143,433	)	(153,750	)
Payments of deferred costs	(76	)	—
Payments of dividends and distributions	(58,587	)	(50,924	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(371,760	)	925,972
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	30,523		(105,911	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	89,001		161,788
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	119,524		55,877
Supplement Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Interest paid	73,811		51,058
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities Information
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities	(123,080	)	(17,139	)
Dividends and distributions declared not paid	50,199		50,928
Net change in investment related payable (receivable)	80,688		174,217
Net change in repurchase agreements, not settled	—		(1,416	)
Change in due from counterparties and collateral held payable	—		86,450

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.



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Table of Contents

INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Business Operations

Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (the "Company", "we") is a Maryland corporation primarily focused on investing in, financing and managing residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans. We are externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. (our "Manager"), a registered investment adviser and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. ("Invesco"), a leading independent global investment management firm. We conduct our business through IAS Operating Partnership LP (the "Operating Partnership"), as its sole general partner. As of March 31, 2018, we owned 98.7% of the Operating Partnership, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco owned the remaining 1.3%. We have one operating segment.

We primarily invest in:


•	Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") that are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association, or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (collectively "Agency RMBS");


•	Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS");


•	RMBS that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency ("non-Agency RMBS");


•	Credit risk transfer securities that are unsecured obligations issued by government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE CRT");


•	Residential and commercial mortgage loans; and


•	Other real estate-related financing agreements.

We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2009. To maintain our REIT qualification, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders annually. We operate our business in a manner that permits exclusion from the "Investment Company" definition under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Certain disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not required to be included on an interim basis in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. We have condensed or omitted these disclosures. Therefore, this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and consolidate the financial statements of the Company and our controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions, balances, revenues and expenses are eliminated upon consolidation. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for a fair statement of our financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Examples of estimates include, but are not limited to, estimates of the fair values of financial instruments, interest income on mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities, allowance for loan losses and other-than-temporary impairment charges. Actual results may differ from those estimates.



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Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes to our accounting policies included in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, other than the significant accounting policy disclosed below.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents cash posted with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI") as collateral for secured loans and cash posted with counterparties as collateral for various derivative instruments. Cash held by counterparties as collateral is legally restricted and is not available for general corporate purposes.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the accounting guidance that amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial assets and liabilities. The standard requires that all equity investments, other than those accounted for as equity method investments, be measured at fair value with changes recognized in income. As of January 1, 2018, we had three types of equity investments: investments in unconsolidated ventures, an investment in an exchange traded fund, and an investment in FHLBI stock. Our investments in unconsolidated ventures are accounted for as equity method investments, and our investment in an exchange-traded fund is measured at fair value with changes recognized in income. While the standard eliminates the cost method for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, it does allow an election to record equity investments without readily determinable fair values at cost, less impairment, and plus or minus adjustments for observable price changes. We have elected to record our investment in FHLBI stock at cost, less impairment. As such, the adoption of this accounting guidance did not impact our financial condition or results of operations. The standard also amends certain disclosure requirements for financial instruments. Refer to Note 4 - "Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities" for a tabular summary of the fair value of our available-for-sale securities and securities accounted for under the fair value option by asset type.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the accounting guidance that is intended to reduce diversity in how restricted cash and certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance requires that the statement of cash flows explain the difference during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. We adopted the accounting standard on a retrospective basis, which required us to restate our statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The adoption resulted in an $8.1 million decrease in net cash provided by operating activities, $10.1 million decrease in net cash used in investing activities and $2.0 million decrease in net cash provided by financing activities. We included restricted cash of $2.4 million and $620,000 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, in our reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs")

Our maximum risk of loss in VIEs in which we are not the primary beneficiary at March 31, 2018 is presented in the table below.



$ in thousands	Carrying Amount	Company's Maximum Risk of Loss
CMBS	3,189,281	3,189,281
Non-Agency RMBS	1,194,952	1,194,952
Investments in unconsolidated ventures	28,168	28,168
Total	4,412,401	4,412,401

Refer to Note 4 - "Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities" and Note 6 - "Other Assets" for additional details regarding these investments.



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Note 4 – Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities

The following tables summarize our mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and GSE CRT portfolio by asset type as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



March 31, 2018
$ in thousands	Principal/ Notional Balance	Unamortized Premium (Discount)		Amortized Cost	Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net		Fair Value	Period- end Weighted Average Yield ⁽¹⁾		Quarterly Weighted Average Yield ⁽²⁾
Agency RMBS:
15 year fixed-rate	2,603,748	102,652		2,706,400	(96,848	)	2,609,552	2.22	%	2.04	%
30 year fixed-rate	7,546,645	290,890		7,837,535	(175,497	)	7,662,038	3.14	%	2.96	%
ARM^*	227,154	1,419		228,573	(907	)	227,666	2.59	%	2.32	%
Hybrid ARM	1,617,558	24,314		1,641,872	(18,334	)	1,623,538	2.54	%	2.24	%
Total Agency pass-through	11,995,105	419,275		12,414,380	(291,586	)	12,122,794	2.85	%	2.65	%
Agency-CMO ⁽³⁾	1,146,728	(880,126	)	266,602	(12,648	)	253,954	2.97	%	2.51	%
CMBS ⁽⁴⁾	3,899,661	(703,191	)	3,196,470	(7,189	)	3,189,281	4.92	%	4.85	%
Non-Agency RMBS ^(5)(6)(7)	2,672,496	(1,606,280	)	1,066,216	128,736		1,194,952	7.19	%	7.08	%
GSE CRT ⁽⁸⁾	750,873	23,609		774,482	86,771		861,253	2.61	%	3.00	%
Total	20,464,863	(2,746,713	)	17,718,150	(95,916	)	17,622,234	3.48	%	3.32	%

* Adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM")


(1)	Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of March 31, 2018 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions.


(2)	Quarterly weighted average yield for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by the average balance of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.


(3)	Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 81.4% of principal/notional balance, 19.4% of amortized cost and 17.6% of fair value.


(4)	CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 15.6% of principal/notional balance, 0.5% of amortized cost and 0.6% of fair value.


(5)	Non-Agency RMBS held by us is 51.8% variable rate, 38.0% fixed rate and 10.1% floating rate based on fair value.


(6)	Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $191.1 million is non-accretable calculated using the principal/notional balance and based on estimated future cash flows of the securities.


(7)	Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities ("Non-Agency IO") which represent 51.9% of principal/notional balance, 2.0% of amortized cost and 1.8% of fair value.


(8)	GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net.



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December 31, 2017
$ in thousands	Principal/Notional Balance	Unamortized Premium (Discount)		Amortized Cost	Unrealized Gain/ (Loss), net		Fair Value	Period- end Weighted Average Yield ⁽¹⁾		Quarterly Weighted Average Yield ⁽²⁾
Agency RMBS:
15 year fixed-rate	2,917,307	119,120		3,036,427	(61,645	)	2,974,782	2.17	%	1.98	%
30 year fixed-rate	7,354,211	295,977		7,650,188	(9,648	)	7,640,540	3.09	%	2.90	%
ARM	238,486	1,609		240,095	1,105		241,200	2.60	%	2.36	%
Hybrid ARM	1,696,148	26,066		1,722,214	(2,829	)	1,719,385	2.54	%	2.25	%
Total Agency pass-through	12,206,152	442,772		12,648,924	(73,017	)	12,575,907	2.79	%	2.58	%
Agency-CMO ⁽³⁾	1,226,539	(942,290	)	284,249	(10,306	)	273,943	2.91	%	2.74	%
CMBS ⁽⁴⁾	3,879,775	(704,097	)	3,175,678	40,739		3,216,417	4.92	%	4.77	%
Non-Agency RMBS ^(5)(6)(7)	2,785,704	(1,661,683	)	1,124,021	133,587		1,257,608	7.19	%	7.18	%
GSE CRT ⁽⁸⁾	757,183	24,306		781,489	85,390		866,879	2.45	%	2.79	%
Total	20,855,353	(2,840,992	)	18,014,361	176,393		18,190,754	3.42	%	3.27	%


(1)	Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2017 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions.


(2)	Quarterly weighted average yield for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by the average balance of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.


(3)	Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities ("Agency IO"), which represent 81.8% of principal (notional) balance, 20.9% of amortized cost and 18.7% of fair value.


(4)	CMBS includes interest-only securities which represent 15.8% of principal/notional balance, 0.5% of amortized cost and 0.6% of fair value.


(5)	Non-Agency RMBS held by us is 52.2% variable rate, 37.8% fixed rate, and 10.0% floating rate based on fair value.


(6)	Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $195.3 million is non-accretable calculated using the principal/notional balance and based on estimated future cash flows of the securities.


(7)	Non-Agency RMBS includes interest-only securities, which represent 51.5% of principal/notional balance, 2.0% of amortized cost and 1.8% of fair value.


(8)	GSE CRT weighted average yield excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net.

The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities and securities accounted for under the fair value option by asset type as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. We have elected the fair value option for all of our RMBS IOs, our MBS purchased on or after September 1, 2016 and our GSE CRTs purchased on or after August 24, 2015. As of March 31, 2018, $6.6 billion (December 31, 2017: $6.5 billion) or 37.6% (December 31, 2017: 35.6%) of our MBS and GSE CRT are accounted for under the fair value option.



	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
$ in thousands	Available-for-sale Securities	Securities under Fair Value Option	Total Fair Value	Available-for-sale Securities	Securities under Fair Value Option	Total Fair Value
Agency RMBS:
15 year fixed-rate	2,484,470	125,082	2,609,552	2,842,440	132,342	2,974,782
30 year fixed-rate	2,333,288	5,328,750	7,662,038	2,467,871	5,172,669	7,640,540
ARM^*	227,666	—	227,666	241,200	—	241,200
Hybrid ARM	1,623,538	—	1,623,538	1,719,385	—	1,719,385
Total Agency pass-through	6,668,962	5,453,832	12,122,794	7,270,896	5,305,011	12,575,907
Agency-CMO	190,930	63,024	253,954	203,351	70,592	273,943
CMBS	2,339,249	850,032	3,189,281	2,376,413	840,004	3,216,417
Non-Agency RMBS	1,174,590	20,362	1,194,952	1,236,178	21,430	1,257,608
GSE CRT	629,952	231,301	861,253	635,537	231,342	866,879
Total	11,003,683	6,618,551	17,622,234	11,722,375	6,468,379	18,190,754



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The components of the carrying value of our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are presented below.



	March 31, 2018
$ in thousands	MBS and GSE CRT Securities		Interest-Only Securities		Total
Principal/ notional balance	17,696,263		2,768,600		20,464,863
Unamortized premium	494,730		—		494,730
Unamortized discount	(559,366	)	(2,682,077	)	(3,241,443	)
Gross unrealized gains ⁽¹⁾	277,526		4,716		282,242
Gross unrealized losses ⁽¹⁾	(368,916	)	(9,242	)	(378,158	)
Fair value	17,540,237		81,997		17,622,234



	December 31, 2017
$ in thousands	MBS and GSE CRT Securities		Interest-Only Securities		Total
Principal/ notional balance	17,974,390		2,880,963		20,855,353
Unamortized premium	521,626		—		521,626
Unamortized discount	(577,344	)	(2,785,274	)	(3,362,618	)
Gross unrealized gains ⁽¹⁾	336,543		5,113		341,656
Gross unrealized losses ⁽¹⁾	(155,146	)	(10,117	)	(165,263	)
Fair value	18,100,069		90,685		18,190,754

(1)

Gross unrealized gains and losses includes gains (losses) recognized in net income for securities accounted for as derivatives or under the fair value option as well as gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities which are recognized as adjustments to other comprehensive income. Realization occurs upon sale or settlement of such securities. Further detail on the components of our total gains (losses) on investments, net for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 is provided later in this Note 4.

The following table summarizes our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



$ in thousands	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Less than one year	106,835	135,559
Greater than one year and less than five years	7,156,838	7,934,836
Greater than or equal to five years	10,358,561	10,120,359
Total	17,622,234	18,190,754



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The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of our MBS and GSE CRTs by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

March 31, 2018



	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
$ in thousands	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Agency RMBS:
15 year fixed-rate	300,750	(3,026	)	71	2,072,058	(96,994	)	129	2,372,808	(100,020	)	200
30 year fixed-rate	5,816,164	(149,050	)	185	913,526	(45,945	)	56	6,729,690	(194,995	)	241
ARM	129,244	(1,776	)	14	754	(32	)	1	129,998	(1,808	)	15
Hybrid ARM	701,155	(10,134	)	84	480,849	(12,250	)	46	1,182,004	(22,384	)	130
Total Agency pass-through ⁽¹⁾	6,947,313	(163,986	)	354	3,467,187	(155,221	)	232	10,414,500	(319,207	)	586
Agency-CMO ⁽²⁾	157,601	(11,414	)	46	76,278	(3,303	)	5	233,879	(14,717	)	51
CMBS ⁽³⁾	1,617,640	(33,804	)	125	171,683	(7,753	)	16	1,789,323	(41,557	)	141
Non-Agency RMBS ⁽⁴⁾	138,721	(1,284	)	28	85,870	(1,393	)	10	224,591	(2,677	)	38
Total	8,861,275	(210,488	)	553	3,801,018	(167,670	)	263	12,662,293	(378,158	)	816


(1)	Amounts disclosed includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $5.3 billion for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $146.2 million.


(2)	Amounts disclosed includes Agency IO and Agency-CMO with fair value of $26.3 million and $18.4 million, respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO and Agency-CMO securities have unrealized losses of $9.0 million and $694,000, respectively.


(3)	Amounts disclosed includes CMBS with a fair value of $769.0 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $22.4 million.


(4)	Amounts disclosed includes Non-Agency IO with a fair value of $12.5 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $204,000.



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December 31, 2017



	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
$ in thousands	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Agency RMBS:
15 year fixed-rate	111,020	(321	)	26	2,406,021	(67,285	)	133	2,517,041	(67,606	)	159
30 year fixed-rate	3,677,576	(20,730	)	107	963,547	(27,158	)	56	4,641,123	(47,888	)	163
ARM	101,173	(902	)	12	—	—		—	101,173	(902	)	12
Hybrid ARM	614,321	(4,189	)	73	517,642	(8,091	)	47	1,131,963	(12,280	)	120
Total Agency pass-through ⁽¹⁾	4,504,090	(26,142	)	218	3,887,210	(102,534	)	236	8,391,300	(128,676	)	454
Agency-CMO ⁽²⁾	75,299	(10,433	)	44	81,988	(2,309	)	5	157,287	(12,742	)	49
CMBS ⁽³⁾	892,553	(17,612	)	81	135,139	(3,792	)	12	1,027,692	(21,404	)	93
Non-Agency RMBS ⁽⁴⁾	84,439	(709	)	15	96,263	(1,732	)	11	180,702	(2,441	)	26
Total	5,556,381	(54,896	)	358	4,200,600	(110,367	)	264	9,756,981	(165,263	)	622


(1)	Amounts disclosed includes Agency RMBS with a fair value of $3.4 billion for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of 22.8 million.


(2)	Amounts disclosed includes Agency IO and Agency-CMO with fair value of $36.5 million and $9.5 million, respectively, for which the fair value option has been elected. These Agency IO and Agency-CMO securities have unrealized losses of $10.1 million and $88,000, respectively.


(3)	Amounts disclosed includes CMBS with a fair value of $596.0 million for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $8.9 million.


(4)	Amounts disclosed includes Non-Agency IO with a fair value of $530,000 for which the fair value option has been elected. Such securities have unrealized losses of $39,000.

Gross unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS and CMO were $319.2 million (December 31, 2017: $128.7 million) and $5.7 million (December 31, 2017: $2.7 million), respectively, at March 31, 2018. Due to the inherent credit quality of Agency RMBS and CMO, we determined that at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, any unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS and CMO portfolio are not other than temporary.

Gross unrealized losses on our Agency IO, non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS were $53.3 million (December 31, 2017: $33.9 million) at March 31, 2018. We did not consider these unrealized losses to be credit related, but rather due to non-credit related factors such as interest rate spreads, prepayment speeds, and market fluctuations. These investment securities are included in our assessment for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis.

We assess our investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment is assessed, the impairment is designated as either "temporary" or "other-than-temporary." This analysis includes a determination of estimated future cash flows through an evaluation of the characteristics of the underlying loans and the structural features of the investment. Underlying loan characteristics reviewed include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration.

The following table represents OTTI included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018	2017
RMBS interest-only securities	4,309	291
Non-Agency RMBS ⁽¹⁾	50	241
Total	4,359	532


(1)	Amounts disclosed relate to credit losses on debt securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income.

OTTI on RMBS interest-only securities was recorded as a reclassification from an unrealized to realized loss within gain (loss) on investments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations because we account for these securities under



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the fair value option. As of March 31, 2018, we did not intend to sell the securities and determined that it was not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities.

The following table summarizes the components of our total gain (loss) on investments, net for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Gross realized gains on sale of investments	—		904
Gross realized losses on sale of investments	(9,237	)	(1,911	)
Other-than-temporary impairment losses	(4,359	)	(532	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on MBS accounted for under the fair value option	(147,195	)	(3,602	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on GSE CRT accounted for under the fair value option	434		3,279
Net unrealized gains and losses on trading securities	(13	)	9
Total gain (loss) on investments, net	(160,370	)	(1,853	)

The following tables present components of interest income recognized on our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. GSE CRT interest income excludes coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018



$ in thousands	Coupon Interest	Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion		Interest Income
Agency	108,317	(23,222	)	85,095
CMBS	37,293	1,426		38,719
Non-Agency	14,012	5,177		19,189
GSE CRT	6,525	(697	)	5,828
Other	172	—		172
Total	166,319	(17,316	)	149,003

For the three months ended March 31, 2017



$ in thousands	Coupon Interest	Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion		Interest Income
Agency	91,231	(28,578	)	62,653
CMBS	29,676	(2,634	)	27,042
Non-Agency	20,614	4,387		25,001
GSE CRT	4,487	(371	)	4,116
Other	61	—		61
Total	146,069	(27,196	)	118,873



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Note 5 – Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment

The following table summarizes purchased or originated commercial mezzanine loans held-for-investment as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



$ in thousands	Number of loans	Principal Balance	Unamortized (fees)/ costs, net		Carrying value	Weighted Average Coupon		Weighted Average Years to Maturity ⁽¹⁾
March 31, 2018	7	184,311	(56	)	184,255	8.72	%	1.1
December 31, 2017	8	191,894	(86	)	191,808	8.52	%	1.2


(1)	Weighted average years to maturity is based on the contractual maturity date. Certain loans may contain either an option to prepay or an option to extend beyond their contractual maturity dates as specified in the respective loan agreements.

These loans were not impaired, and no allowance for loan loss has been recorded as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 based on our analysis of credit quality factors as described in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in the consolidated financial statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Note 6 – Other Assets

The following table summarizes our other assets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



$ in thousands	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
FHLBI stock	74,250	74,250
Investments in unconsolidated ventures	28,168	25,972
Investment in exchange-traded fund	3,966	3,979
Prepaid expenses and other assets	988	1,379
Total	107,372	105,580

IAS Services LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, is required to purchase and hold FHLBI stock as a condition of membership in the FHLBI. The stock is recorded at cost.

We have invested in unconsolidated ventures that are managed by an affiliate of our Manager. The unconsolidated ventures invest in our target assets. Refer to Note 16 - "Commitments and Contingencies" for additional details regarding our commitments to these unconsolidated ventures.

We have invested in an exchange-traded fund that is managed by an affiliate of our Manager. The exchange-traded fund invests in our target assets.



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Note 7 – Borrowings

We finance the majority of our investment portfolio through repurchase agreements, secured loans and exchangeable senior notes. The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our borrowings at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Refer to Note 8 - "Collateral Positions" for collateral pledged under our repurchase agreements and secured loans.



$ in thousands	March 31, 2018
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining
	Amount	Interest		Maturity
	Outstanding	Rate		(days)
Repurchase Agreements:
Agency RMBS	10,864,430	1.88	%	26
CMBS	1,482,869	2.97	%	13
Non-Agency RMBS	882,571	3.09	%	24
GSE CRT	681,267	3.02	%	26
Total Repurchase Agreements	13,911,137	2.13	%	25
Secured Loans	1,650,000	1.88	%	2,227
Total Borrowings	15,561,137	2.10	%	259



$ in thousands	December 31, 2017
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining
	Amount	Interest		Maturity
	Outstanding	Rate		(days)
Repurchase Agreements:
Agency RMBS	11,111,755	1.58	%	25
CMBS	1,396,330	2.61	%	9
Non-Agency RMBS	915,225	2.77	%	31
GSE CRT	657,491	2.78	%	24
Total Repurchase Agreements	14,080,801	1.82	%	25
Secured Loans	1,650,000	1.52	%	2,317
Exchangeable Senior Notes ⁽¹⁾	143,410	5.00	%	74
Total Borrowings	15,874,211	1.82	%	263


(1)	The carrying value of exchangeable senior notes was $143.2 million as of December 31, 2017. The carrying value was net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $179,000 as of December 31, 2017.

The following table shows the aggregate amount of maturities of our outstanding borrowings:



$ in thousands	As of
Borrowings maturing within:	March 31, 2018
4/1/2018 - 3/31/2019	13,911,137
4/1/2019 - 3/31/2020	300,000
4/1/2020 - 3/31/2021	100,000
4/1/2021 - 3/31/2022	—
4/1/2022 - 3/31/2023	—
Thereafter	1,250,000
Total	15,561,137



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The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our repurchase agreements and secured loans at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



March 31, 2018
$ in thousands	Amount Outstanding	Percent of Total Amount Outstanding		MBS and GSE CRT Pledged as Collateral ⁽¹⁾
Repurchase Agreement Counterparties:
HSBC	1,948,586	12.5	%	2,057,152
ING Financial Markets	1,411,676	9.1	%	1,489,621
RBC	1,098,363	7.1	%	1,329,727
E D & F Man Capital Markets	1,033,231	6.6	%	1,094,262
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China	987,568	6.3	%	1,042,653
Mirae Asset Securities	914,219	5.9	%	968,612
MUFG Securities	855,183	5.5	%	934,365
Citigroup	772,117	5.0	%	903,677
Amherst Pierpont Securities	571,116	3.7	%	612,022
JP Morgan	435,886	2.8	%	512,237
KGS-Alpha Capital Markets	435,707	2.8	%	467,214
South Street Securities	413,073	2.7	%	441,763
Societe Generale	379,575	2.4	%	482,370
BNP Paribas Securities	328,194	2.1	%	363,539
Goldman Sachs	311,477	2.0	%	405,701
Mizuho Securities	293,858	1.9	%	312,521
Guggenheim Liquidity Services	285,860	1.8	%	302,122
Natixis Securities	277,765	1.8	%	310,830
Bank of Nova Scotia	275,727	1.8	%	287,766
All other counterparties ⁽²⁾	881,956	5.6	%	1,050,432
Total Repurchase Agreement Counterparties	13,911,137	89.4	%	15,368,586
Secured Loans Counterparty:
FHLBI	1,650,000	10.6	%	1,916,895
Total	15,561,137	100.0	%	17,285,481


(1)	Amount pledged as collateral is measured at fair value as described in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in the consolidated financial statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.


(2)	Represents amounts outstanding with seven counterparties.



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December 31, 2017
$ in thousands	Amount Outstanding	Percent of Total Amount Outstanding		MBS and GSE CRT Pledged as Collateral ⁽¹⁾
Repurchase Agreement Counterparties:
HSBC	1,745,684	11.2	%	1,839,411
ING Financial Markets	1,482,603	9.4	%	1,571,061
RBC	1,144,856	7.3	%	1,375,285
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China	1,038,844	6.6	%	1,102,543
E D & F Man Capital Markets	1,028,437	6.5	%	1,085,429
Mirae Asset Securities	958,756	6.1	%	1,018,664
MUFG Securities	865,201	5.5	%	936,071
Citigroup	724,094	4.6	%	841,977
Amherst Pierpont Securities	722,080	4.6	%	764,713
KGS-Alpha Capital Markets	461,098	2.9	%	491,313
JP Morgan	451,941	2.9	%	523,590
Societe Generale	386,737	2.5	%	495,093
BNP Paribas Securities	348,340	2.2	%	388,091
South Street Securities	332,623	2.1	%	354,689
Goldman Sachs	324,152	2.1	%	419,713
Mizuho Securities	310,835	2.0	%	330,555
Guggenheim Liquidity Services	306,081	1.9	%	322,452
Bank of Nova Scotia	289,705	1.8	%	301,715
Natixis Securities	275,764	1.8	%	302,291
All other counterparties ⁽²⁾	882,970	5.5	%	1,058,759
Total Repurchase Agreement Counterparties	14,080,801	89.5	%	15,523,415
Secured Loans Counterparty:
FHLBI	1,650,000	10.5	%	1,927,496
Total	15,730,801	100.0	%	17,450,911


(1)	Amount pledged as collateral is measured at fair value as described in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in the consolidated financial statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.


(2)	Represents amounts outstanding with seven counterparties.

Repurchase Agreements

Repurchase agreements bear interest at a contractually agreed upon rate and have maturities ranging from one month to twelve months. Repurchase agreements are accounted for as secured borrowings since we maintain effective control of the financed assets. Repurchase agreements are subject to certain financial covenants. We were in compliance with these covenants at March 31, 2018.

Our repurchase agreement collateral ratio (MBS and GSE CRTs pledged as collateral/Amount Outstanding) was 110% as of March 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017: 110%).

Secured Loans

Our wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary, IAS Services LLC, is a member of the FHLBI. As a member of the FHLBI, IAS Services LLC has borrowed funds from the FHLBI in the form of secured loans.

As of March 31, 2018, IAS Services LLC had $1.65 billion in outstanding secured loans from the FHLBI. These secured loans have floating rates that are based on the three-month FHLB swap rate plus a spread. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, IAS Services LLC had weighted average borrowings of $1.65 billion with a weighted average borrowing rate of 1.68% and a weighted average maturity of 6.1 years.



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The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s ("FHFA") final rule governing Federal Home Loan Bank membership (the "FHFA Rule") was effective on February 19, 2016. The FHFA Rule permits existing captive insurance companies, such as IAS Services LLC, to remain members until February 2021. New advances or renewals that mature after February 2021 are prohibited. The FHLBI has indicated it will honor the contractual maturity dates of existing advances to IAS Services LLC that were made prior to February 19, 2016 and extend beyond February 2021. We do not expect there to be any impact to our existing FHLBI borrowings under the FHFA rule. The ability to borrow from the FHLBI is subject to our continued creditworthiness, pledging of sufficient eligible collateral to secure advances, and compliance with certain agreements with FHLBI and FHFA rules.

As discussed in Note 6 - "Other Assets," IAS Services LLC is required to purchase and hold a certain amount of FHLBI stock, which is based, in part, upon the outstanding principal balance of secured loans from the FHLBI.

Exchangeable Senior Notes

In 2013, our wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Operating Partnership LP, issued $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Senior Notes (the "Notes") due March 15, 2018. We retired a portion of the Notes prior to their maturity and fully retired the Notes upon their maturity on March 15, 2018.

The Notes were reported on our condensed consolidated balance sheets net of unamortized debt issuance costs. Debt issuance costs were amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method over the stated legal maturity of the Notes.

The following table summarizes retirements of the Notes during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



$ in thousands	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Reacquisition price	143,433		153,750
Less: Par value of Notes retired during the period	(143,410	)	(150,000	)
Add: Write off of unamortized debt issuance cost associated with Notes retired during the period	3		961
Net loss on extinguishment of debt	26		4,711

Accrued interest payable on the Notes was approximately $2.1 million as of December 31, 2017.



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Note 8 - Collateral Positions

The following table summarizes the fair value of collateral that we have pledged and held under our repurchase agreements, secured loans, interest rate swaps, futures contracts and currency forward contracts as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Refer to Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurements" of our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for a description of how we determine fair value. RMBS, CMBS and GSE CRT collateral pledged is included in mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Cash collateral pledged on secured loans, bilateral interest rate swaps and currency forward contracts is classified as restricted cash on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Cash collateral pledged on futures contracts is classified as due from counterparties on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Cash collateral held on bilateral swaps that is not restricted for use is included in cash and cash equivalents on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and the liability to return the collateral is included in collateral held payable. Non-cash collateral held is only recognized if the counterparty defaults or if we sell the pledged collateral. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we did not recognize any non-cash collateral held.



$ in thousands	As of
Collateral Pledged	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Repurchase Agreements:
Agency RMBS ⁽¹⁾	11,546,380	11,788,765
CMBS	1,856,165	1,737,831
Non-Agency RMBS	1,110,185	1,143,373
GSE CRT	855,856	853,446
Total repurchase agreements collateral pledged	15,368,586	15,523,415
Secured Loans:
Agency RMBS	638,181	623,181
CMBS	1,278,714	1,304,315
Cash	2,000	—
Total secured loans collateral pledged	1,918,895	1,927,496
Interest Rate Swaps, Futures Contracts and Currency Forward Contracts:
Agency RMBS ⁽²⁾	89,652	109,900
Cash	5,775	620
Total interest rate swaps, futures contracts and currency forward contracts collateral pledged	95,427	110,520
Total:
Mortgage-backed and GSE CRT securities ⁽¹⁾	17,375,133	17,560,811
Cash	7,775	620
Total collateral pledged	17,382,908	17,561,431

Collateral Held	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Interest Rate Swaps:
Cash	27,553	7,327
Total collateral held	27,553	7,327

(1)

Includes pledged securities of $189.3 million sold but not settled as of March 31, 2018 that are recorded as investment related receivable on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Securities associated with unsettled trades remain legally pledged until the related repurchase agreement is repaid. There were no securities pledged as collateral associated with unsettled trades as of December 31, 2017.

(2)

During the first quarter of 2018, we determined that the amount disclosed as Agency RMBS collateral pledged on our interest rate swaps was understated by $86.2 million in our report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2017. We concluded that the error in the amount disclosed was immaterial. We have revised the total amount of pledged securities disclosed parenthetically on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 presented in this report on Form 10-Q and within the table above.



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Repurchase Agreements

Collateral pledged with our repurchase agreement counterparties is segregated in our books and records. The repurchase agreement counterparties have the right to resell and repledge the collateral posted but have the obligation to return the pledged collateral, or substantially the same collateral if agreed to by us, upon maturity of the repurchase agreement. Under the repurchase agreements, the respective lender retains the contractual right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value as determined by a pricing service agreed to by the respective lender and us. We would be required to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls if the value of pledged assets declined. We intend to maintain a level of liquidity that will enable us to meet margin calls.

Secured Loans

The ability to borrow from the FHLBI is subject to our continued creditworthiness, pledging of sufficient eligible collateral to secure advances, and compliance with certain agreements with FHLBI and FHFA rules. Collateral pledged with the FHLBI is held in trust for the benefit of the FHLBI and is not commingled with our other assets. The FHLBI does not have the right to resell or repledge collateral posted unless an event of default occurs. The FHLBI retains the right to mark the underlying collateral for FHLBI advances to fair value as determined by the FHLBI in its sole discretion. IAS Services LLC would be required to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls if the value of pledged assets declines.

Interest Rate Swaps

Collateral pledged with our interest rate swap counterparties is segregated in our books and records. We have two types of interest rate swap agreements: bilateral interest rate swaps that are governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") agreement and interest rate swaps that are centrally cleared by a registered clearing organization the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME") and LCH. Clearnet Limited ("LCH") through a Futures Commission Merchant ("FCM"). Interest rate swaps that are governed by an ISDA agreement provide for bilateral collateral pledging based on the counterparties' market value. The counterparties have the right to repledge the collateral posted, but have the obligation to return the pledged collateral, or substantially the same collateral, if agreed to by us, as the market value of the interest rate swaps change.

We are required to pledge initial margin and daily variation margin for our interest rate swaps that are centrally cleared. The FCM determines the fair value of our centrally cleared swaps, including daily variation margin. The daily variation margin payment for centrally cleared interest rate swaps is characterized as settlement of the derivative itself rather than collateral. Accordingly, cash collateral pledged on our centrally cleared interest rate swaps is settled against the fair value of these swaps.

Futures Contracts

We are required to pledge initial margin and daily variation margin for our futures contracts that is based on the fair value of our contracts as determined by our FCM. The daily variation margin payment for our futures contracts is characterized as settlement of the futures contract itself rather than collateral. Accordingly, cash collateral pledged on our futures contracts is settled against the fair value of these contracts.

Currency Forward Contracts

Collateral pledged with our currency forward counterparty is segregated in our books and records. Eligible collateral to be pledged can be in the form of cash or securities. Our currency forward contract provides for bilateral collateral pledging based on the counterparties' market value. The counterparties have the right to repledge the collateral posted, but have the obligation to return the pledged collateral, or substantially the same collateral, if agreed to by us, as the market value of the currency forward contracts change.



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Note 9 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The following table summarizes changes in the notional amount of our derivative instruments during 2018:



$ in thousands	Notional Amount as of December 31, 2017	Additions	Settlement, Termination, Expiration or Exercise		Notional Amount as of March 31, 2018
Interest Rate Swaps ^{(1) (2)}	8,620,000	1,000,000	(350,000	)	9,270,000
Futures Contracts	—	430,000	(215,000	)	215,000
Currency Forward Contracts	76,859	77,837	(76,860	)	77,836
Credit Derivatives	553,493	—	(5,797	)	547,696
Total	9,250,352	1,507,837	(647,657	)	10,110,532


(1)	Notional amount as of March 31, 2018 excludes $1.3 billion of interest rate swaps with forward start dates.


(2)	Notional amount as of December 31, 2017 excludes $500.0 million of interest rate swaps with forward start dates.

Interest Rate Swaps

Our repurchase agreements are usually settled on a short-term basis ranging from one to twelve months. At each settlement date, we typically refinance each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time. In addition, our secured loans have floating interest rates. As such, we are exposed to changing interest rates. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposures to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, we primarily use interest rate swaps as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") before we discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for our interest rate swaps are reclassified to interest expense on repurchase agreements on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as interest is accrued and paid on the related repurchase agreements over the remaining life of the interest rate swap agreements. We reclassified $6.5 million as a decrease (March 31, 2017: $6.3 million as a decrease) to interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018. During the next 12 months, we estimate that $25.2 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense, repurchase agreements. As of March 31, 2018, $117.4 million (December 31, 2017: $123.9 million) of unrealized gains on discontinued cash flow hedges, net are still included in accumulated other comprehensive income and will be reclassified to interest expense over a period of time through December 15, 2023.



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As of March 31, 2018, we had the following interest rate swaps outstanding:



$ in thousands Counterparty	Notional	Maturity Date	Fixed Interest Rate in Contract
UBS AG	500,000	5/24/2018	1.10	%
ING Capital Markets LLC	400,000	6/5/2018	0.87	%
CME Central Clearing	300,000	2/5/2021	2.50	%
CME Central Clearing	300,000	2/5/2021	2.69	%
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.	200,000	3/15/2021	3.14	%
CME Central Clearing	500,000	5/24/2021	2.25	%
Citibank, N.A.	200,000	5/25/2021	2.83	%
CME Central Clearing	500,000	6/24/2021	2.44	%
HSBC Bank USA, National Association	550,000	2/24/2022	2.45	%
CME Central Clearing	1,000,000	6/9/2022	2.21	%
CME Central Clearing	1,000,000	8/14/2022	1.87	%
The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc	500,000	8/15/2023	1.98	%
CME Central Clearing	600,000	8/24/2023	2.88	%
HSBC Bank USA, National Association	500,000	12/15/2023	2.20	%
CME Central Clearing	450,000	1/12/2024	2.10	%
CME Central Clearing	450,000	1/25/2024	2.15	%
LCH Central Clearing	1,000,000	2/6/2025	2.77	%
CME Central Clearing	100,000	4/2/2025	2.04	%
LCH Central Clearing	220,000	8/29/2027	2.12	%
Total	9,270,000		2.22	%

As of March 31, 2018, we had the following additional interest rate swaps outstanding with forward start dates:



$ in thousands Counterparty		Notional	Maturity Date	Fixed Interest Rate in Contract
LCH Central Clearing	(1)	600,000	2/5/2026	2.64	%
CME Central Clearing	(2)	250,000	5/24/2028	2.78	%
CME Central Clearing	(2)	250,000	5/24/2028	2.39	%
LCH Central Clearing	(3)	200,000	3/15/2031	2.74	%
Total		1,300,000		2.63	%


(1)	Forward start date of 2/5/2021


(2)	Forward start date of 5/24/2018


(3)	Forward start date of 3/15/2021

Refer to Note 8 - "Collateral Positions" for further information regarding our collateral pledged to and received from our interest rate swap counterparties.

Futures and Currency Forward Contracts

We purchase or sell U.S. Treasury futures contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our investment portfolio. We recognize realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with the purchases or sales of U.S. Treasury futures contracts in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

We use currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our investments denominated in foreign currencies. We recognize realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with the purchases or sales of currency forward contracts in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2018, we have $51.4 million (December 31, 2017: $49.7 million) of notional amount of forward contracts denominated in Pound Sterling and $26.5 million (December 31, 2017: $27.2 million) of notional amount of forward contracts denominated in Euro.



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Credit Derivatives

Our GSE CRTs purchased prior to August 24, 2015 are accounted for as hybrid financial instruments consisting of a debt host contract and an embedded credit derivative. Embedded derivatives associated with GSE CRTs are recorded within mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities, at fair value, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, terms of the GSE CRT embedded derivatives are:



$ in thousands	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Fair value amount	42,932	45,400
Notional amount	547,696	553,493
Maximum potential amount of future undiscounted payments	547,696	553,493

Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet

The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments, as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

$ in thousands

Derivative Assets

Derivative Liabilities

As of March 31, 2018

As of December 31, 2017

As of March 31, 2018

As of December 31, 2017

Balance

Sheet

Fair Value

Balance

Sheet

Fair Value

Interest Rate Swaps Asset

26,280

6,896

Interest Rate Swaps Liability

18,558

31,548

Currency Forward Contracts

105

—

Currency Forward Contracts

184

1,217

Futures Contracts

1,612

—

Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Income Statement

The tables below present the effect of our credit derivatives on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

$ in thousands

Three months ended March 31, 2018

Derivative

not designated as

hedging instrument

Realized gain (loss), net

GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest

Unrealized gain (loss), net

Realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net

GSE CRT Embedded Derivatives

—

5,633

(2,468

)

3,165

$ in thousands

Three months ended March 31, 2017

Derivative

not designated as

hedging instrument

Realized gain (loss), net

GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest

Unrealized gain (loss), net

Realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net

GSE CRT Embedded Derivatives

—

5,807

14,148

19,955



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The following table summarizes the effect of interest rate swaps, futures contracts and currency forward contracts reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:



$ in thousands	Three months ended March 31, 2018
Derivative not designated as hedging instrument	Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net		Contractual net interest expense		Unrealized gain (loss), net		Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
Interest Rate Swaps	122,273		(12,112	)	32,374		142,535
Futures Contracts	(5,277	)	—		(1,612	)	(6,889	)
Currency Forward Contracts	(3,418	)	—		1,139		(2,279	)
Total	113,578		(12,112	)	31,901		133,367



$ in thousands	Three months ended March 31, 2017
Derivative not designated as hedging instrument	Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net		Contractual net interest expense		Unrealized gain (loss), net	Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
Interest Rate Swaps	15,994		(22,894	)	12,950	6,050
Currency Forward Contracts	(1,076	)	—		488	(588	)
Total	14,918		(22,894	)	13,438	5,462

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

We have agreements with each of our bilateral derivative counterparties. Some of those agreements contain a provision whereby if we default on any of our indebtedness, including default whereby repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, we could be declared in default on our derivative obligations.

At March 31, 2018, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for non-performance risk related to bilateral interest rate swap agreements, was $6.6 million. We have minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of our derivative counterparties and have pledged collateral of $8.4 million of Agency RMBS as of March 31, 2018 related to bilateral interest rate swap agreements. If we had breached any of these provisions at March 31, 2018, we could have been required to settle our obligations under these agreements at their termination value.

We also have an agreement with a clearing counterparty for our interest rate swaps that includes cross default provisions. The fair value of our centrally cleared interest rate derivative contracts, which includes accrued interest and variation margin but excludes any adjustment for non-performance risk, was a net liability of $12.2 million as of March 31, 2018.

We were in compliance with all of the financial provisions of these counterparty agreements as of March 31, 2018.

Note 10 – Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Certain of our repurchase agreements and derivative transactions are governed by underlying agreements that generally provide for a right of offset under master netting arrangements (or similar agreements) in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. Assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements are presented on a gross basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following tables present information about the assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting agreements (or similar agreements) and can potentially be offset on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The daily variation margin payment for centrally cleared interest rate swaps is characterized as settlement of the derivative itself rather than collateral. As of March 31, 2018, our derivative liability of $12.2 million (December 31, 2017: derivative liability of $10.3 million) related to centrally cleared interest rate swaps is not included in the table below as a result of this change.



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Offsetting of Derivative Assets

As of March 31, 2018



				Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
$ in thousands Description	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets	Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
Derivatives ^{(1) (3)}	26,385	—	26,385	(105	)	(26,280	)	—

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities, Repurchase Agreements and Secured Loans

As of March 31, 2018



				Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
$ in thousands Description	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Net Amounts of Liabilities presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Financial Instruments ⁽²⁾		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
Derivatives ⁽³⁾	8,204	—	8,204	(6,387	)	(1,691	)	126
Repurchase Agreements ⁽⁴⁾	13,911,137	—	13,911,137	(13,911,137	)	—		—
Secured Loans ⁽⁵⁾	1,650,000	—	1,650,000	(1,650,000	)	—		—
Total	15,569,341	—	15,569,341	(15,567,524	)	(1,691	)	126

Offsetting of Derivative Assets

As of December 31, 2017



				Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
$ in thousands Description	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets	Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Financial Instruments	Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
Derivatives ^{(1) (3)}	6,896	—	6,896	—	(6,896	)	—

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities and Repurchase Agreements

As of December 31, 2017



				Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
$ in thousands Description	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Net Amounts of Liabilities presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	Financial Instruments ⁽²⁾		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
Derivatives ⁽³⁾	22,445	—	22,445	(21,169	)	(620	)	656
Repurchase Agreements ⁽⁴⁾	14,080,801	—	14,080,801	(14,080,801	)	—		—
Secured Loans ⁽⁵⁾	1,650,000	—	1,650,000	(1,650,000	)	—		—
Total	15,753,246	—	15,753,246	(15,751,970	)	(620	)	656



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(1)	Amounts represent derivatives in an asset position which could potentially be offset against derivatives in a liability position at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, subject to a netting arrangement.


(2)	Amounts represent collateral pledged that is available to be offset against liability balances associated with repurchase agreements, secured loans and derivatives.

(3)

The fair value of securities pledged against our derivatives was $89.7 million and $109.9 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Cash collateral received on our derivatives was $27.6 million and $7.3 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Cash collateral pledged by us on our derivatives was $5.8 million and $620,000 at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Cash collateral pledged on our centrally cleared interest rate swaps is settled against the fair value of these swaps and therefore excluded from the tables above at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


(4)	The fair value of securities pledged against our borrowing under repurchase agreements was $15.4 billion and $15.5 billion at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


(5)	The fair value of securities pledged against IAS Services LLC's borrowings under secured loans was $1.9 billion at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Cash collateral pledged by us on secured loans was $2.0 million at March 31, 2018.

Note 11 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

A three-level valuation hierarchy exists for disclosure of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. The three levels are defined as follows:


•	Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.


•	Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.


•	Level 3 Inputs – Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

The following tables present our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



	March 31, 2018
	Fair Value Measurements Using:
$ in thousands	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	NAV as a practical expedient ⁽³⁾	Total at Fair Value
Assets:
Mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	—	17,579,302	42,932	—	17,622,234
Derivative assets	—	26,385	—	—	26,385
Other assets ⁽⁴⁾	3,966	—	—	28,168	32,134
Total assets	3,966	17,605,687	42,932	28,168	17,680,753
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	1,612	18,742	—	—	20,354
Total liabilities	1,612	18,742	—	—	20,354



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	December 31, 2017
	Fair Value Measurements Using:
$ in thousands	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	NAV as a practical expedient ⁽³⁾	Total at Fair Value
Assets:
Mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	—	18,145,354	45,400	—	18,190,754
Derivative assets	—	6,896	—	—	6,896
Other assets ⁽⁴⁾	3,979	—	—	25,972	29,951
Total assets	3,979	18,152,250	45,400	25,972	18,227,601
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	—	32,765	—	—	32,765
Total liabilities	—	32,765	—	—	32,765


(1)	For more detail about the fair value of our MBS and GSE CRTs, refer to Note 4 - "Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities."

(2)

Our GSE CRTs purchased prior to August 24, 2015 are accounted for as hybrid financial instruments with an embedded derivative. The hybrid financial instruments consist of debt host contracts classified as Level 2 and embedded derivatives classified as Level 3. As of March 31, 2018, the net embedded derivative asset position of $42.9 million includes $44.1 million of embedded derivatives in an asset position and $1.2 million of embedded derivatives in a liability position. As of December 31, 2017, the net embedded derivative asset position of $45.4 million includes $46.5 million of embedded derivatives in an asset position and $1.1 million of embedded derivatives in a liability position.

(3)

Investments in unconsolidated ventures are valued using the net asset value ("NAV") as a practical expedient and are not subject to redemption, although investors may sell or transfer their interest at the approval of the general partner of the underlying funds. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the weighted average remaining term of investments in unconsolidated ventures is 2.3 and 1.9 years, respectively.


(4)	Includes $4.0 million and $4.0 million of investment in an exchange-traded fund as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value measurements of our GSE CRT embedded derivatives, which we have valued utilizing Level 3 inputs:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Beginning balance	45,400		17,095
Unrealized credit derivative gains (losses), net	(2,468	)	14,148
Ending balance	42,932		31,243

The following tables summarize significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our GSE CRT embedded derivatives:



	Fair Value at	Valuation	Unobservable		Weighted
$ in thousands	March 31, 2018	Technique	Input	Range	Average
GSE CRT Embedded Derivatives	42,932	Market Comparables, Vendor Pricing	Weighted average life	2.5 - 6.6 years	4.6 years



	Fair Value at	Valuation	Unobservable		Weighted
$ in thousands	December 31, 2017	Technique	Input	Range	Average
GSE CRT Embedded Derivatives	45,400	Market Comparables, Vendor Pricing	Weighted average life	2.6 - 6.8 years	4.8 years

These significant unobservable inputs change according to market conditions and security performance. We estimate the weighted average life of GSE CRTs in order to identify GSE corporate debt with a similar maturity. We obtain our weighted average life estimates from a third party provider. Although weighted average life is a significant input, changes in weighted average life may not have an explicit directional impact on the fair value measurement.



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The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
$ in thousands	Carrying Value	Estimated Fair Value	Carrying Value	Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets
Commercial loans, held-for-investment	184,255	184,510	191,808	191,930
Other assets	74,250	74,250	74,250	74,250
Total	258,505	258,760	266,058	266,180
Financial Liabilities
Repurchase agreements	13,911,137	13,910,631	14,080,801	14,080,460
Secured loans	1,650,000	1,650,000	1,650,000	1,650,000
Exchangeable senior notes	—	—	143,231	143,948
Total	15,561,137	15,560,631	15,874,032	15,874,408

The following describes our methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments.


•	The estimated fair value of commercial loans held-for-investment is a Level 3 fair value measurement. Subsequent to the origination or purchase, commercial loan investments are valued on a monthly basis by an independent third party valuation agent using a discounted cash flow technique.


•	The estimated fair value of FHLBI stock, included in "Other assets," is a Level 3 fair value measurement. FHLBI stock may only be sold back to the FHLBI at its discretion at cost. As a result, the cost of the FHLBI stock approximates its fair value.


•	The estimated fair value of repurchase agreements is a Level 3 fair value measurement based on an expected present value technique. This method discounts future estimated cash flows using rates we determined best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for repurchase agreements with similar characteristics and credit quality.


•	The estimated fair value of secured loans is a Level 3 fair value measurement. The secured loans have floating rates based on an index plus a spread and the spread is typically consistent with those demanded in the market. Accordingly, the interest rates on these secured loans are at market, and thus the carrying amount approximates fair value.


•	The estimated fair value of exchangeable senior notes is a Level 2 fair value measurement based on a valuation obtained from a third-party pricing service.

Note 12 – Related Party Transactions

Under the terms of our management agreement, our Manager and its affiliates provide us with our management team, including our officers and appropriate support personnel. Each of our officers is an employee of our Manager or one of its affiliates. We do not have any employees. Our Manager is not obligated to dedicate any of its employees exclusively to us, nor is our Manager obligated to dedicate any specific portion of time to our business. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we reimbursed our Manager $214,000 (March 31, 2017: $185,000) for costs of support personnel that are fully dedicated to our business.

We have invested $68.8 million as of March 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017: $74.4 million) in money market or mutual funds managed by affiliates of our Manager. The investments are reported as cash and cash equivalents on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Management Fee Expense

We pay our Manager a management fee equal to 1.50% of our stockholders’ equity per annum. The fee is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears. For purposes of calculating the management fee, stockholders’ equity is equal to the sum of the net proceeds from all issuances of equity securities since inception including proceeds from the issuance of operating partnership units to an affiliate of our Manager, plus retained earnings at the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter (without taking into account any non-cash equity compensation expense incurred in current or prior periods), less any amount paid to repurchase common stock since inception. Stockholder's equity excludes (i) any unrealized gains, losses or other items that do not affect realized net income (regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income); (ii) cumulative net realized losses that are not attributable to permanently impaired investments and that relate to the investments for which market movement is accounted for in other comprehensive income; provided, however, that such adjustment shall not exceed cumulative unrealized net gains in other comprehensive income; (iii) one-time events pursuant to



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changes in U.S. GAAP; and (iv) certain non-cash items after discussions between our Manager and our independent directors and approval by a majority of our independent directors.

We do not pay any management fees on our investments in unconsolidated ventures that are managed by an affiliate of our Manager.

Expense Reimbursement

We are required to reimburse our Manager for our operating expenses incurred on our behalf, including directors and officers insurance, accounting services, auditing and tax services, filing fees, and miscellaneous general and administrative costs. Our reimbursement obligation is not subject to any dollar limitation.

The following table summarizes the costs incurred on our behalf by our Manager for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018	2017
Incurred costs, prepaid or expensed	1,492	1,468
Incurred costs, charged against equity as a cost of raising capital	165	77
Total incurred costs, originally paid by our Manager	1,657	1,545

Termination Fee

If we terminate our management agreement, we owe our Manager a termination fee equal to three times the sum of our average annual management fee during the 24-month period before termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter.

Note 13 – Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

Holders of our Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends at an annual rate of 7.75% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share or $1.9375 per share per annum. Dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears.

Holders of our Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends at an annual rate of 7.75% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share or $1.9375 per share per annum until December 27, 2024. After December 27, 2024, holders are entitled to receive dividends at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 5.18% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per annum. Dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears.

In August 2017, we completed a public offering of 11,500,000 shares of 7.50% Fixed-to-Floating Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series C Preferred Stock") at the price of $25.00 per share. Holders of our Series C Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends at an annual rate of 7.50% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share or $1.875 per share per annum until September 27, 2027. After September 27, 2027, holders are entitled to receive dividends at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 5.289% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per annum. Dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears.

As of July 27, 2017, we have the option to redeem shares of Series A Preferred Stock for $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends through the date of redemption. We have the option to redeem shares of Series B Preferred Stock after December 27, 2024 and shares of Series C Preferred Stock after September 27, 2027 for $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends through the date of the redemption. Shares of Series B and Series C Preferred Stock are not redeemable, convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or any other securities of the Company prior to those times, except under circumstances intended to preserve our qualification as a REIT or upon the occurrence of a change in control.

Common Stock

In December 2017, we entered into an equity distribution agreement with a placement agent under which we may sell up to 17,000,000 shares of our common stock from time to time in at-the-market or privately negotiated transactions. These shares are registered with the SEC under our automatic shelf registration statement (as amended and/or supplemented). As of March 31, 2018, we have not sold any shares of common stock under the equity distribution agreement.



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Securities Convertible into Shares of Common Stock

The non-controlling interest holder of the Operating Partnership units, a wholly-owned Invesco subsidiary, has the right to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem their operating partnership units ("OP Units") for cash equal to the market value of an equivalent number of shares of common stock, or at our option, we may purchase their OP Units by issuing one share of common stock for each OP Unit redeemed. We also have an equity incentive plan which allows us to grant securities convertible into our common stock to our independent directors and employees of our Manager and its affiliates.

Share Repurchase Program

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and three months ended March 31, 2017, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. As of March 31, 2018, we had authority to purchase 18,239,082 shares of our common stock through our share repurchase program. The share repurchase program has no stated expiration date.

Share-Based Compensation

We established the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan for grants of common stock and other equity based awards to our independent directors and officers and employees of our Manager and its affiliates (the "Incentive Plan"). Under the Incentive Plan, a total of 1,000,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance. Unless terminated earlier, the Incentive Plan will terminate in 2019, but will continue to govern the unexpired awards. As of March 31, 2018, 778,288 shares of common stock remain available for future issuance under the Incentive Plan.

We recognized compensation expense of approximately $93,000 (March 31, 2017: $85,000) for shares issued to our independent directors under the Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we issued 7,177 shares and 5,456 shares of common stock, respectively, to our independent directors. The fair market value of the shares granted was determined by the closing stock market price on the date of the grant. The grants vested immediately.

We recognized compensation expense of approximately $14,000 (March 31, 2017: $31,000) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 for restricted stock units awarded to employees of our Manager and its affiliates under the Incentive Plan. Our Manager reimburses us for the cost of these restricted stock awards under the terms of our management agreement. At March 31, 2018 there was approximately $306,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock unit awards that is expected to be recognized over a period of up to 48 months, with a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 23 months.

The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted stock units awarded to employees of our Manager and its affiliates for the three months ended March 31, 2018.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018
	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ⁽¹⁾
Unvested at the beginning of the period	19,827		$	14.35
Shares granted during the period	7,055		15.37
Shares vested during the period	(7,697	)	14.75
Unvested at the end of the period	19,185		$	14.56


(1)	The grant date fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of our common stock at the grant date.



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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following tables present the components of total other comprehensive income (loss), net and accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The tables exclude gains and losses on MBS and GSE CRTs that are accounted for under the fair value option.



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
$ in thousands	Equity method investments		Available-for-sale securities		Derivatives and hedging		Total
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities, net	—		(132,317	)	—		(132,317	)
Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss on sale of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities to gain (loss) on investments, net	—		9,237		—		9,237
Reclassification of amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense	—		—		(6,539	)	(6,539	)
Currency translation adjustments on investment in unconsolidated venture	312		—		—		312
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	312		(123,080	)	(6,539	)	(129,307	)

AOCI balance at beginning of period	947		136,188		123,894		261,029
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	312		(123,080	)	(6,539	)	(129,307	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest	(4	)	1,552		82		1,630
AOCI balance at end of period	1,255		14,660		117,437		133,352



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
$ in thousands	Equity method investments		Available-for-sale securities		Derivatives and hedging		Total
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities, net	—		16,289		—		16,289
Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss on sale of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities to gain (loss) on investments, net	—		850		—		850
Reclassification of amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense	—		—		(6,298	)	(6,298	)
Currency translation adjustments on investment in unconsolidated venture	(615	)	—		—		(615	)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(615	)	17,139		(6,298	)	10,226

AOCI balance at beginning of period	95		144,458		149,115		293,668
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	(615	)	17,139		(6,298	)	10,226
Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest	8		(216	)	79		(129	)
AOCI balance at end of period	(512	)	161,381		142,896		303,765

Amounts recorded in AOCI before we discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for our interest rate swaps are reclassified to interest expense on repurchase agreements on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as interest is accrued and paid on the related repurchase agreements over the remaining original life of the interest rate swap agreements.



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Dividends

On March 15, 2018, we declared the following dividends:


•	a dividend of $0.42 per share of common stock to be paid on April 26, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 27, 2018; and


•	a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series A Preferred Stock to be paid on April 25, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 1, 2018.

On February 15, 2018, we declared the following dividends:


•	a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series B Preferred Stock payable on March 27, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 5, 2018; and


•	a dividend of $0.46875 per share of Series C Preferred Stock payable on March 27, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 5, 2018.

Note 14 – Earnings per Common Share

Earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 is computed as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
In thousands except per share amounts	2018	2017
Numerator (Income)
Basic Earnings:
Net income available to common stockholders	41,471	87,130
Effect of dilutive securities:
Income allocated to exchangeable senior notes	1,621	5,008
Income allocated to non-controlling interest	671	1,186
Dilutive net income available to stockholders	43,763	93,324
Denominator (Weighted Average Shares)
Basic Earnings:
Shares available to common stockholders	111,629	111,598
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted stock awards	20	19
Non-controlling interest OP units	1,425	1,425
Exchangeable senior notes	4,803	15,083
Dilutive Shares	117,877	128,125
Earnings per share:
Net income attributable to common stockholders
Basic	0.37	0.78
Diluted	0.37	0.73



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Note 15 – Non-controlling Interest - Operating Partnership

Non-controlling interest represents the aggregate ownership interest of a wholly-owned Invesco subsidiary in our Operating Partnership. The ownership percentage is determined by dividing the number of OP Units held by the Unit Holders by the total number of dilutive shares of common stock. The issuance or repurchase of common stock ("Share" or "Shares") or OP Units changes the percentage ownership of both the Unit Holders and the common stockholders. Since an OP unit is generally redeemable for cash or Shares at our option, it is deemed to be a Share equivalent. Therefore, such transactions are treated as capital transactions and result in a reallocation between stockholders’ equity and non-controlling interest in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, non-controlling interest related to the outstanding 1,425,000 OP Units represented a 1.3% interest in the Operating Partnership.

Income allocated to the non-controlling interest is based on the Unit Holders' ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership. The following table presents the net income (loss) allocated and distributions paid to the Operating Partnership non-controlling interest for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018	2017
Net income allocated	671	1,186
Distributions paid	599	570

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, distributions payable to the non-controlling interest were $598,500, respectively.

Note 16 – Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and contingencies may arise in the ordinary course of business. Our material off-balance sheet commitments as of March 31, 2018 are discussed below.

As discussed in Note 6 - "Other Assets", we have invested in unconsolidated ventures that are sponsored by an affiliate of our Manager. The unconsolidated ventures are structured as partnerships, and we invest in the partnerships as a limited partner. The entities are structured such that capital commitments are to be drawn down over the life of the partnership as investment opportunities are identified. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our undrawn capital and purchase commitments were $8.9 million and $10.2 million, respectively.

As discussed in Note 5 - "Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment", we purchase and originate commercial loans. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we have unfunded commitments on commercial loans held-for-investment of $4.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively.

We have entered into agreements with financial institutions to guarantee certain obligations of our subsidiaries. We would be required to perform under these guarantees in the event of certain defaults. We have not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expect the risk of loss to be remote.

Note 17 – Subsequent Events

We have reviewed subsequent events occurring through the date that these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued and determined that no subsequent events occurred that would require accrual or additional disclosure.



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ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, or this “Report,” we refer to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries as “we,” “us,” “our Company,” or “our,” unless we specifically state otherwise or the context indicates otherwise. We refer to our external manager, Invesco Advisers, Inc., as our “Manager,” and we refer to the indirect parent company of our Manager, Invesco Ltd. together with its consolidated subsidiaries (which does not include us), as “Invesco.”

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which are included in Item 1 of this Report, as well as the information contained in our most recent Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Forward-Looking Statements

We make forward-looking statements in this Report and other filings we make with the SEC within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and such statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provided by the same. Forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, investment strategies, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continue,” “intend,” “should,” “may” or similar expressions and future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” and “would,” and any other statement that necessarily depends on future events, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:


•	our business and investment strategy;


•	our investment portfolio;


•	our projected operating results;

•

general volatility of financial markets and effects of governmental responses, including actions and initiatives of the U.S. governmental agencies and changes to U.S. government policies, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), mortgage loan modification programs, actions and initiatives of foreign governmental agencies and central banks, monetary policy actions of the Federal Reserve, including actions relating to its agency mortgage-backed securities portfolio and the continuation of re-investment of principal payments, and our ability to respond to and comply with such actions, initiatives and changes;


•	the availability of financing sources, including our ability to obtain additional financing arrangements and the terms of such arrangements;


•	financing and advance rates for our target assets;


•	changes to our expected leverage;


•	our expected investments;


•	our expected book value per diluted common share;


•	interest rate mismatches between our target assets and our borrowings used to fund such investments;


•	the adequacy of our cash flow from operations and borrowings to meet our short-term liquidity needs;


•	our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet any margin calls;


•	changes in the credit rating of the U.S. government;


•	changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads and the market value of our target assets;


•	changes in prepayment rates on our target assets;


•	the impact of any deficiencies in foreclosure practices of third parties and related uncertainty in the timing of collateral disposition;


•	our reliance on third parties in connection with services related to our target assets;


•	effects of hedging instruments on our target assets;



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•	rates of default or decreased recovery rates on our target assets;


•	modifications to whole loans or loans underlying securities;


•	the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility;


•	the degree to which derivative contracts expose us to contingent liabilities;


•	counterparty defaults;


•	compliance with financial covenants in our financing arrangements;


•	changes in governmental regulations, zoning, insurance, eminent domain and tax law and rates, and similar matters and our ability to respond to such changes;


•	our ability to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes;


•	our ability to maintain our exception from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);


•	availability of investment opportunities in mortgage-related, real estate-related and other securities;


•	availability of U.S. Government Agency guarantees with regard to payments of principal and interest on securities;


•	the market price and trading volume of our capital stock;


•	availability of qualified personnel of our Manager;


•	the relationship with our Manager;


•	estimates relating to taxable income and our ability to continue to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;


•	estimates relating to fair value of our target assets and loan loss reserves;


•	our understanding of our competition;


•	changes to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”);


•	the adequacy of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting; and


•	market trends in our industry, interest rates, real estate values, the debt securities markets or the general economy.

The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some of these factors are described under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

We are a Maryland corporation primarily focused on investing in, financing and managing residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and mortgage loans. Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. To achieve this objective, we primarily invest in the following:


•	Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) that are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (collectively "Agency RMBS");


•	Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”);


•	RMBS that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency ("non-Agency RMBS");



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•	Credit risk transfer securities that are unsecured obligations issued by government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE CRT");


•	Residential and commercial mortgage loans; and


•	Other real estate-related financing arrangements.

We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. To maintain our REIT qualification, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders annually. We operate our business in a manner that permits our exclusion from the definition of “Investment Company” under the 1940 Act. We are externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc., our Manager, which is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd.

Capital Activities

On March 15, 2018, we declared the following dividends:


•	a dividend of $0.42 per share of common stock to be paid on April 26, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 27, 2018; and


•	a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series A Preferred Stock to be paid on April 25, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 1, 2018.

On February 15, 2018, we declared the following dividends:


•	a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series B Preferred Stock payable on March 27, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 5, 2018; and


•	a dividend of $0.46875 per share of Series C Preferred Stock payable on March 27, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 5, 2018.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.

Factors Impacting Our Operating Results

Our operating results can be affected by a number of factors and primarily depend on the level of our net interest income and the market value of our assets. Our net interest income, which includes the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts, varies primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates and prepayment speeds, as measured by the constant prepayment rate (“CPR”) on our target assets. Interest rates and prepayment speeds vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. The market value of our assets can be impacted by credit spread premiums (yield advantage over U.S. Treasury notes) and the supply of, and demand for, target assets in which we invest.

Market Conditions

Macroeconomic factors that affect our business include credit spread premiums, market interest rates, governmental policy initiatives, residential and commercial real estate prices, credit availability, consumer personal income, corporate earnings, employment conditions, financial conditions and inflation.

Financial conditions tightened during the first quarter of 2018, reflecting weakness in equity markets, higher interest rates and an increase in volatility. The total return on the S&P 500 Index was negative 1.2% while the NASDAQ returned positive 2.3%. Interest rates on U.S. Treasuries were sharply higher across the maturity spectrum, with 2 year, 5 year and 10 year Treasury rates higher by 38, 35 and 33 basis points, respectively. Equity volatility returned during the quarter, as the CBOE SPX Volatility Index (VIX) reached a multi-year high in early February. While investors continued to be encouraged by the strength of the economy, the benefits of tax reform and easing regulatory burdens on business, concerns around the prospect of increased tariffs that could lead to continued strain in U.S. foreign relations captured investors’ attention.

The labor market showed continued strength during the quarter, with increases in non-farm payrolls averaging over 200,000 jobs per month, down from an average of 220,000 jobs the previous quarter. The strength in the labor market helped boost consumer confidence, as the University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index reached its highest level in over 15 years. The consensus forecast for full-year 2018 GDP has increased to 2.8%, after coming in at 2.3% for 2017.

Inflation remained relatively subdued, with the U.S. Personal Consumption Expenditure Core Price Index continuing to register below the Federal Reserve’s inflation target of 2%. Energy prices were higher during the quarter, with the price of WTI Crude up over 7%, while the broader CRB Commodity Price Index increased by 0.8%. Despite the benign inflation readings,



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the Federal Reserve’s Open Market Committee raised the Federal Funds target rate to a range of 1.50% to 1.75% during their March meeting, which caused interest rates along the front end of the yield curve to increase. The inflation outlook continues to have meaningful implications for future Federal Reserve monetary policy. We expect the interest rate environment to remain relatively volatile, as the Federal Reserve continues to signal a willingness to increase the Federal Funds rate.

During the quarter, the performance of Agency RMBS was negative. Both 15 and 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS underperformed similar duration Treasuries, while Hybrid ARM Agency RMBS were flat to similar duration Treasuries. The outlook for Agency RMBS remains mixed, as the potential for increased interest rate volatility and the continued tapering of reinvestment activity by the Federal Reserve weighs on the market. On the positive side, a higher interest rate environment has the potential to spur investment demand on the part of both foreign and domestic banks, while at the same time keeping refinancing activity muted.

During the first quarter of 2018, credit spreads (defined as the yield in excess of risk-free rates) on CMBS and GSE CRT securities tightened modestly, reflecting improving real estate values and strong investor demand. Financing markets remained steady during the quarter, though repurchase agreement rates moved higher in line with increases in the Federal Funds rate.

As we move into the second quarter of 2018, we expect that the U.S. will continue to experience moderate economic growth, and that core inflation will remain below the Federal Reserve’s policy objective of 2%, which should allow the Federal Reserve to continue its efforts to tighten monetary policy. Investor concerns include historically high valuations across both the equity and fixed income markets, the potential for additional protectionist trade policies, and the prospect of further increases in interest rates and price volatility.

Investment Activities

The table below shows the allocation of our equity as of March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017:



	As of
$ in thousands	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		March 31, 2017
Agency RMBS	44	%	45	%	39	%
Commercial Credit ⁽¹⁾	36	%	35	%	33	%
Residential Credit ⁽²⁾	20	%	20	%	28	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%


(1)	CMBS, commercial loans and investments in unconsolidated ventures (which are included in Other Assets), are considered commercial credit.


(2)	Non-Agency RMBS and GSE CRT are considered residential credit.



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The table below shows the breakdown of our investment portfolio as of March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017:



	As of
$ in thousands	March 31, 2018	December 31, 2017	March 31, 2017
Agency RMBS:
30 year fixed-rate, at fair value	7,662,038	7,640,540	4,492,324
15 year fixed-rate, at fair value	2,609,552	2,974,782	3,418,231
Hybrid ARM, at fair value	1,623,538	1,719,385	2,101,319
ARM, at fair value	227,666	241,200	290,690
Agency CMO, at fair value	253,954	273,943	319,718
CMBS, at fair value	3,189,281	3,216,417	2,669,070
Non-Agency RMBS, at fair value	1,194,952	1,257,608	1,774,088
GSE CRT, at fair value	861,253	866,879	855,657
Commercial loans, at amortized cost	184,255	191,808	275,944
Investments in unconsolidated ventures	28,168	25,972	33,336
Total Investment portfolio	17,834,657	18,408,534	16,230,377

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we purchased $381.5 million of 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS and $21.3 million of CMBS. We have continued to increase our holdings of 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS over the past 12 months as the return on equity profile for these securities remains attractive. As of March 31, 2018 our holdings of 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS represent approximately 43% of our total investment portfolio versus 42% as of December 31, 2017 and 28% as of March 31, 2017. We have also moderately increased our holdings of CMBS based on our view that these assets should continue to benefit from property price appreciation and limited supply. Available returns in non-Agency RMBS have declined relative to Agency RMBS and CMBS as a result of credit spread tightening, limiting our reinvestment in the sector.

We have continued to hold 15 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS and commercial real estate loans that have relatively low interest rate risk, which reduces our book value per diluted common share volatility. Additionally, we hold Hybrid ARM Agency RMBS and ARM Agency RMBS that we believe have lower durations and better cash flow certainty relative to current coupon 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS. Further, we own Agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), some of which are interest-only securities ("IOs").

Our portfolio of investments that have credit exposure include CMBS, non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRTs and commercial real estate loans. Rather than relying on the rating agencies, we utilize proprietary models as well as third party applications to quantify and monitor the credit risk associated with our portfolio holdings. Our analysis generally begins at the underlying asset level, where we gather detailed information on loan, borrower, and property characteristics that inform our expectations for future performance. In addition to base case cash flow projections, we perform a range of scenario stresses to gauge the sensitivity of returns to potential deviations in underlying asset behavior. We perform this detailed credit analysis at the time of initial purchase and regularly throughout the holding period of each investment.

Our CMBS portfolio generally consists of assets originated during and after 2010. These assets continue to benefit from rating agency upgrades, property price appreciation and limited supply. CMBS investments represent approximately 18% of our total investment portfolio as of March 31, 2018.

With respect to our non-Agency RMBS portfolio, we primarily invest in securities collateralized by prime and Alt-A loans. In addition, we have invested in re-securitizations of real estate mortgage investment conduit ("Re-REMIC") RMBS and securitizations of reperforming mortgage loans ("RPL") that we believe provide attractive risk adjusted returns. We also invest in GSE CRTs, which have the added benefit of paying a floating rate coupon, reducing our need to hedge interest rate risk. The majority of our GSE CRT holdings are concentrated in 2013 and 2014 vintages, where reference loans have significant embedded home price appreciation. From a fundamental perspective, we continue to view GSE CRT as an attractive asset class based on the strength of the U.S. housing market and the strong performance of reference mortgage loans to date.

As of March 31, 2018, our commercial real estate loan portfolio includes seven mezzanine loans that we either purchased or originated. Our commercial real estate loan portfolio represents approximately 1% of our total investment portfolio and has a weighted average maturity of 1.1 years. Our largely floating rate commercial real estate loan portfolio continues to benefit from favorable fundamentals and increasing LIBOR. The commercial real estate loan portfolio's weighted average loan-to-value ratio is approximately 68%, based on the most recently attained independent property appraisals and the relevant loan



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amounts. For further details on our commercial loan portfolio, see Note 5 - "Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment" of our condensed consolidated financial statements. We evaluate the collectibility of our commercial loans held-for investment using the factors described in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. We determined that no allowance for loan losses for our commercial loans was required as of March 31, 2018.

Portfolio Characteristics

The table below illustrates the vintage distribution of our non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS portfolio as of March 31, 2018 as a percentage of the fair value:



	2003-2007		2008-2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		Total
Prime	23.0	%	2.7	%	—	%	—	%	12.8	%	10.9	%	2.4	%	0.4	%	—	%	—	%	52.2	%
Alt-A	31.7	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	31.7	%
Re-REMIC ⁽¹⁾	0.7	%	5.6	%	3.3	%	2.0	%	1.1	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	12.7	%
Subprime/RPL	0.2	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	3.2	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	3.4	%
Total Non-Agency	55.6	%	8.3	%	3.3	%	2.0	%	13.9	%	10.9	%	5.6	%	0.4	%	—	%	—	%	100.0	%
GSE CRT	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	31.3	%	36.0	%	7.2	%	22.0	%	3.5	%	—	%	100.0	%
CMBS	—	%	3.7	%	18.9	%	12.1	%	15.5	%	35.8	%	4.0	%	2.0	%	7.9	%	0.1	%	100.0	%


(1)	Reflects the year in which the re-securitizations were issued. The vintage distribution of the securities that collateralize our Re-REMIC investments is 7.9% for 2005, 6.4% for 2006, and 85.7% for 2007.

The following table summarizes the credit enhancement provided to our Re-REMIC holdings as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



	Percentage of Re-REMIC Holdings at Fair Value
Re-REMIC Subordination⁽¹⁾	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
0% - 10%	38.4	%	34.5	%
10% - 20%	3.4	%	3.7	%
20% - 30%	13.3	%	12.3	%
30% - 40%	16.9	%	18.4	%
40% - 50%	6.9	%	9.6	%
50% - 60%	19.3	%	19.7	%
60% - 70%	1.8	%	1.8	%
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%

(1)

Subordination refers to the credit enhancement provided to the Re-REMIC tranche held by us by any junior Re-REMIC tranche or tranches in a resecuritization. This figure reflects the percentage of the balance of the underlying securities represented by any junior tranche or tranches at the time of resecuritization. Generally, principal losses on the underlying securities in excess of the subordination amount would result in principal losses on the Re-REMIC tranche held by us. 60.5% of our Re-REMIC holdings are not senior tranches.



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The tables below represent the geographic concentration of the underlying collateral for our non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS portfolio as of March 31, 2018:



Non-Agency RMBS State	Percentage		GSE CRT State	Percentage		CMBS State	Percentage
California	44.8	%	California	18.9	%	New York	15.4	%
New York	9.1	%	Texas	6.0	%	California	15.4	%
Florida	6.3	%	New York	4.5	%	Texas	9.5	%
New Jersey	4.0	%	Virginia	4.3	%	Florida	6.4	%
Virginia	3.4	%	Florida	4.3	%	Illinois	4.0	%
Massachusetts	3.0	%	Illinois	3.9	%	Pennsylvania	3.9	%
Maryland	3.0	%	Massachusetts	3.4	%	New Jersey	3.2	%
Illinois	2.4	%	Washington	3.3	%	Ohio	2.9	%
Washington	2.0	%	New Jersey	3.3	%	Michigan	2.8	%
Arizona	1.9	%	Pennsylvania	3.1	%	Virginia	2.8	%
Other	20.1	%	Other	45.0	%	Other	33.7	%
Total	100.0	%	Total	100.0	%	Total	100.0	%

Financing and Other Liabilities

We enter into repurchase agreements to finance the majority of our target assets. These agreements are secured by our Agency RMBS, CMBS, non-Agency RMBS and GSE CRTs. In addition, these agreements are generally settled on a short-term basis, usually from one to twelve months, and bear interest at rates that have historically moved in close relationship to LIBOR. At each settlement date, we refinance each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time. As of March 31, 2018, we had entered into repurchase agreements totaling $13.9 billion (December 31, 2017: $14.1 billion).

Our wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary, IAS Services, is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI"). As a member of the FHLBI, IAS Services has borrowed funds from the FHLBI in the form of secured loans. As of March 31, 2018, IAS Services had $1.65 billion in outstanding secured loans. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, IAS Services had weighted average borrowings of $1.65 billion with a weighted average borrowing rate of 1.68% and a weighted average maturity of 6.1 years.

The following table presents the amount of collateralized borrowings outstanding under repurchase agreements and secured loans as of the end of each quarter, the average amount outstanding during the quarter and the maximum balance outstanding during the quarter:



$ in thousands	Collateralized borrowings under repurchase agreements and secured loans
Quarter Ended	Quarter-end balance	Average quarterly balance	Maximum balance of any quarter-end
March 31, 2017	13,939,899	13,901,254	14,086,600
June 30, 2017	13,768,948	13,716,749	13,768,948
September 30, 2017	15,738,838	15,010,514	15,738,838
December 31, 2017	15,730,801	15,762,094	15,815,972
March 31, 2018	15,561,137	15,536,093	15,561,137

In 2013, our wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Operating Partnership LP, issued $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Senior Notes (the "Notes"). We retired a portion of the Notes prior to their maturity and fully retired the Notes upon their maturity on March 15, 2018. We utilized proceeds from repurchase agreement borrowings to retire the Notes.



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The following table summarizes retirements of the Notes during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



$ in thousands	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Reacquisition price	143,433		153,750
Less: Par value of Notes retired during the period	(143,410	)	(150,000	)
Add: Write off of unamortized debt issuance cost associated with Notes retired during the period	3		961
Net loss on extinguishment of debt	26		4,711

We have also committed to invest up to $123.1 million in unconsolidated ventures that are sponsored by an affiliate of our Manager. As of March 31, 2018, $114.2 million of our commitment to these unconsolidated ventures has been called. We are committed to fund $8.9 million in additional capital to fund future investments and cover future expenses should they occur.

Hedging Instruments.

As of March 31, 2018, we have entered into interest rate swap agreements designed to mitigate the effects of increases in interest rates under a portion of our borrowings. Under these swap agreements, we pay fixed interest rates and receive floating interest rates indexed off of one- or three-month LIBOR, effectively fixing the floating interest rates on $9.3 billion (December 31, 2017: $8.6 billion) of borrowings. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we entered into a new swap with a notional amount of $1.0 billion to hedge the interest rates on the associated repurchase agreement debt and an existing swap with a notional amount of $350.0 million expired. In addition, we entered into forward starting swaps with a notional amount of $800.0 million that effectively extend the maturities of existing interest rate swaps at March 31, 2018.

As of March 31, 2018, we have entered into U.S. Treasury futures contracts that are designed to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our investment portfolio. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we entered into contracts with a notional amount of $430.0 million and realized a net loss of $5.3 million. As of March 31, 2018 we held $215.0 million in notional amount of futures contracts as a liability with a fair value of $1.6 million. As of December 31, 2017, we have no outstanding futures contracts.

As of March 31, 2018, we held $77.8 million (December 31, 2017: $76.9 million) in notional amount of currency forward contracts. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we settled currency forward contracts of $76.9 million (March 31, 2017: $65.6 million) in notional amount and realized a net loss of $3.4 million (March 31, 2017: $1.1 million net loss). As of March 31, 2018, we have $51.4 million (December 31, 2017: $49.7 million) of notional amount of forward contracts denominated in Pound Sterling and $26.5 million (December 31, 2017: $27.2 million) of notional amount of forward contracts denominated in Euro. We use currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our investments denominated in foreign currencies.



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Book Value per Diluted Common Share

We calculate book value per diluted common share as follows:



	As of
In thousands except per share amounts	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Numerator (adjusted equity):
Total equity	2,522,356		2,656,878
Less: Liquidation preference of Series A Preferred Stock	(140,000	)	(140,000	)
Less: Liquidation preference of Series B Preferred Stock	(155,000	)	(155,000	)
Less: Liquidation preference of Series C Preferred Stock	(287,500	)	(287,500	)
Total adjusted equity	1,939,856		2,074,378

Denominator (number of shares - diluted):
Common stock outstanding	111,637		111,624
Non-controlling interest OP units	1,425		1,425
Number of shares - diluted	113,062		113,049

Book value per diluted common share	17.16		18.35

Our book value per diluted common share decreased 6.5% as of March 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 primarily due to rising interest rates driving a decrease in the valuations of our mortgage-backed securities portfolio that exceeded the increase in the valuations of our interest rate hedges. Refer to Item 3. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" for interest rate risk and its impact on fair value.



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Critical Accounting Policies

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that involve the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties. Accounting estimates and assumptions discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical to an understanding of our financial statements because they involve significant judgments and uncertainties. All of these estimates reflect our best judgment about current, and for some estimates, future economic and market conditions and their effects based on information available as of the date of these financial statements. If conditions change from those expected, it is possible that the judgments and estimates described below could change, which may result in a change in valuation of our investment portfolio, future impairments of our MBS and GSE CRTs, change in our interest income recognition, allowance for loan losses, and a change in our tax liability among other effects.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies that are disclosed in our most recent Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, other than the significant accounting policy disclosed below.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents cash posted with the FHLBI as collateral for secured loans and cash posted with counterparties as collateral for various derivative instruments. Cash held by counterparties as collateral is legally restricted and is not available for general corporate purposes.

Recent Accounting Standards

See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements Note 2 - "Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted."



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Results of Operations

The table below presents certain information from our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands, except share data	2018		2017
Interest Income
Mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities	149,003		118,873
Commercial loans	4,222		5,764
Total interest income	153,225		124,637
Interest Expense
Repurchase agreements	59,585		29,947
Secured loans	6,927		3,413
Exchangeable senior notes	1,621		5,008
Total interest expense	68,133		38,368
Net interest income	85,092		86,269
Other Income (loss)
Gain (loss) on investments, net	(160,370	)	(1,853	)
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated ventures	896		(1,534	)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	133,367		5,462
Realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net	3,165		19,955
Net loss on extinguishment of debt	(26	)	(4,711	)
Other investment income (loss), net	3,102		1,329
Total other income (loss)	(19,866	)	18,648
Expenses
Management fee – related party	10,221		8,801
General and administrative	1,756		2,084
Total expenses	11,977		10,885
Net income	53,249		94,032
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	671		1,186
Net income attributable to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.	52,578		92,846
Dividends to preferred stockholders	11,107		5,716
Net income attributable to common stockholders	41,471		87,130
Earnings per share:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
Basic	0.37		0.78
Diluted	0.37		0.73
Dividends declared per common share	0.42		0.40
Weighted average number of shares of common stock:
Basic	111,629,105		111,598,459
Diluted	117,876,995		128,124,628



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Interest Income and Average Earning Asset Yields

The table below presents information related to our average earning assets and earning asset yields for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Average Balances ⁽¹⁾:
Agency RMBS:
15 year fixed-rate, at amortized cost	2,879,696		3,516,699
30 year fixed-rate, at amortized cost	7,830,802		4,460,663
ARM, at amortized cost	231,303		290,812
Hybrid ARM, at amortized cost	1,666,890		2,291,634
Agency - CMO, at amortized cost	273,884		328,450
CMBS, at amortized cost	3,193,575		2,575,734
Non-Agency RMBS, at amortized cost	1,084,584		1,793,030
GSE CRT, at amortized cost	776,742		765,690
Commercial loans, at amortized cost	193,540		274,981
Average earning assets	18,131,016		16,297,693
Average Earning Asset Yields ⁽²⁾:
Agency RMBS:
15 year fixed-rate	2.04	%	2.03	%
30 year fixed-rate	2.96	%	2.64	%
ARM	2.32	%	2.31	%
Hybrid ARM	2.24	%	2.29	%
Agency - CMO	2.51	%	0.58	%
CMBS	4.85	%	4.20	%
Non-Agency RMBS	7.08	%	5.58	%
GSE CRT ⁽³⁾	3.00	%	2.15	%
Commercial loans	8.85	%	8.50	%
Average earning asset yields	3.38	%	3.06	%


(1)	Average amounts for each period are based on weighted month-end balances.


(2)	Average earning asset yields for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by the average balance of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.


(3)	GSE CRT average earning asset yields exclude coupon interest associated with embedded derivatives on securities not accounted for under the fair value option that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net under U.S. GAAP.

Our primary source of income is interest earned on our investment portfolio. We had average earning assets of approximately $18.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (March 31, 2017: $16.3 billion). Average earning assets increased primarily because we issued $287.5 million of Series C Preferred Stock in August 2017 and invested the proceeds in 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS and CMBS.



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We earned total interest income of $153.2 million (March 31, 2017: $124.6 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Our interest income includes coupon interest and net premium amortization on MBS and GSE CRTs as well as interest income on commercial loans as shown in the table below.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Interest Income
MBS and GSE CRT - coupon interest	166,319		146,069
MBS and GSE CRT - net premium amortization	(17,316	)	(27,196	)
MBS and GSE CRT - interest income	149,003		118,873
Commercial loans	4,222		5,764
Total interest income	153,225		124,637

MBS and GSE CRT coupon interest increased $20.3 million or 13.9% during the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to the purchase of 30 year Agency RMBS and CMBS with the proceeds from our August 2017 Series C Preferred Stock offering. Lower net premium amortization also contributed $9.9 million to interest income during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Interest income on our floating rate commercial real estate loans decreased $1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to commercial loan payoffs. The balance of our commercial loans held-for-investment decreased to $184.3 million as of March 31, 2018 compared to $275.9 million as of March 31, 2017.

Our average earning asset yields increased 32 basis points during the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to slower prepayment speeds and higher index rates on floating and adjustable rate non-Agency RMBS and GSE CRT securities.

Prepayment Speeds

Our RMBS and GSE CRT portfolio is subject to inherent prepayment risk primarily driven by changes in interest rates, which impacts the amount of premium and discount on the purchase of these securities that is recognized into interest income. Expected future prepayment speeds on our RMBS and GSE CRT portfolio are estimated on a quarterly basis. Generally, in an environment of falling interest rates, prepayment speeds will increase as homeowners are more likely to prepay their existing mortgage and refinance into a lower borrowing rate. If the actual prepayment speed during the period is faster than estimated, the amortization on securities purchased at a premium to par value will be accelerated, resulting in lower interest income recognized. Conversely, for securities purchased at a discount to par value, interest income will be reduced in periods where prepayment speeds were slower than expected. The standard measure of prepayment speeds is the constant prepayment rate, also known as the conditional prepayment rate or "CPR". CPR measures prepayments as a percentage of the current outstanding loan balance and is expressed as a compound annual rate. The tables below provide the three month constant prepayment rate for our RMBS and GSE CRTs as of March 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018	2017
15 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS	9.2	8.1
30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS	7.1	10.8
ARM/ Hybrid ARM Agency RMBS	14.4	15.7
Non-Agency RMBS	11.6	13.3
GSE CRT	9.5	13.1
Weighted average CPR	9.2	11.7

We recognized $17.3 million and $27.2 million of net premium amortization during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, on our MBS and GSE CRT portfolio. Net premium amortization decreased compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to slower prepayment speeds on Agency RMBS in the three months ended March 31, 2018 and purchases of CMBS securities at a discount over the last 12 months.

Our interest income is subject to interest rate risk. Refer to Item 3. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" for more information relating to interest rate risk and its impact on our operating results.



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Interest Expense and the Cost of Funds

The table below presents the components of interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Interest Expense
Interest expense on repurchase agreement borrowings	66,124		36,245
Amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps	(6,539	)	(6,298	)
Repurchase agreements interest expense	59,585		29,947
Secured loans	6,927		3,413
Exchangeable senior notes	1,621		5,008
Total interest expense	68,133		38,368

We enter into repurchase agreements to finance the majority of our target assets. These agreements are secured by our Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRTs and CMBS. In addition, these agreements are generally settled on a short-term basis, usually from one to twelve months, and bear interest at rates that have historically moved in close relationship to LIBOR. At each settlement date, we typically refinance each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time.

Our interest expense on repurchase agreement borrowings rose $29.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to a $1.4 billion increase in average borrowings. We increased our average borrowings in the second half of 2017 after investing the proceeds of our August 2017 offering of Series C Preferred Stock. Interest expense on repurchase agreement borrowings was also impacted by increases in the Federal Funds target interest rate over the past 12 months.

Our repurchase agreement interest expense includes amortization of deferred gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps as summarized in the table above. Amortization of net deferred gains on de-designated interest rate swaps decreased our total interest expense by $6.5 million and $6.3 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. Amounts recorded in AOCI before we discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for our interest rate swaps are reclassified to interest expense on repurchase agreements on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as interest is accrued and paid on the related repurchase agreements over the remaining life of the interest rate swap agreements. During the next twelve months, we estimate that $25.2 million of net deferred gains on de-designated interest rate swaps will be reclassified from other comprehensive income and recorded as a decrease to interest expense.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, interest expense for our secured loans increased $3.5 million compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to higher borrowing rates. Borrowing rates on our secured loans are based on the three-month FHLB swap rate plus a spread. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, IAS Services LLC had a weighted average borrowing rate of 1.68% as compared to 0.83% for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, interest expense on exchangeable senior notes decreased $3.4 million compared to the same period in 2017 because we retired $256.6 million of the Notes during 2017 and the remaining balance of the Notes when they matured on March 15, 2018.

Our total interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased $29.8 million from the same period in 2017 primarily due to the $33.4 million increases in interest expense on repurchase agreements borrowings and secured loans offset by a $3.4 million decrease in interest expense on the Notes as discussed above.



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The table below presents information related to our borrowings and cost of funds for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Average Borrowings⁽¹⁾:
Agency RMBS ⁽²⁾	11,427,614		9,716,908
CMBS⁽²⁾	2,542,722		2,172,234
Non-Agency RMBS	891,202		1,411,889
GSE CRT	674,555		600,223
Exchangeable senior notes	116,176		346,083
Total average borrowings	15,652,269		14,247,337
Maximum borrowings during the period ⁽³⁾	15,674,202		14,484,038
Average Cost of Funds ⁽⁴⁾:
Agency RMBS ⁽²⁾	1.65	%	0.87	%
CMBS⁽²⁾	2.28	%	1.34	%
Non-Agency RMBS	2.91	%	2.20	%
GSE CRT	2.87	%	2.27	%
Exchangeable senior notes	5.58	%	5.79	%
Cost of funds	1.74	%	1.08	%
Effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure) ⁽⁵⁾	2.22	%	1.90	%


(1)	Average amounts for each period are based on weighted month-end balances.


(2)	Agency RMBS and CMBS average borrowings and average cost of funds include borrowings under repurchase agreements and secured loans.


(3)	Amount represents the maximum borrowings at month-end during each of the respective periods.


(4)	Average cost of funds is calculated by dividing annualized interest expense excluding amortization of net deferred gain (loss) on de-designated interest rate swaps by our average borrowings.


(5)	For a reconciliation of cost of funds to effective cost of funds, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

Total average borrowings rose $1.4 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to 2017 primarily because we entered into repurchase agreements to finance our increased holdings of 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS and CMBS. The increase in our cost of funds for three months ended March 31, 2018 versus 2017 was primarily due to the increases in the Federal Funds target interest rate.



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Net Interest Income

The table below presents the components of net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Interest Income
Mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities	149,003		118,873
Commercial loans	4,222		5,764
Total interest income	153,225		124,637
Interest Expense
Interest expense on repurchase agreement borrowings	66,124		36,245
Amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps	(6,539	)	(6,298	)
Repurchase agreements interest expense	59,585		29,947
Secured loans	6,927		3,413
Exchangeable senior notes	1,621		5,008
Total interest expense	68,133		38,368
Net interest income	85,092		86,269
Net interest rate margin	1.64	%	1.98	%

Our net interest income, which equals interest income less interest expense, totaled $85.1 million (March 31, 2017: $86.3 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was primarily due to the increase in interest expense driven by higher average borrowings and borrowing rates exceeding the increase in interest income on higher average earning assets.

Our net interest rate margin, which equals the yield on our average assets for the period less the average cost of funds for the period, was 1.64% (March 31, 2017: 1.98%) for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in net interest rate margin for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 was primarily due to increases in the Federal Funds rate in 2017 and March 2018 that had a greater impact on our average cost of funds than on our average earning asset yields.

Gain (Loss) on Investments, net

The table below summarizes the components of gain (loss) on investments, net for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Realized gains and losses on sale of investments	(9,237	)	(1,007	)
Other-than-temporary impairment losses	(4,359	)	(532	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on MBS accounted for under the fair value option	(147,195	)	(3,602	)
Net unrealized gains and losses on GSE CRT accounted for under the fair value option	434		3,279
Net unrealized gains and losses on trading securities	(13	)	9
Total gain (loss) on investments, net	(160,370	)	(1,853	)

As part of our investment process, our mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities are continuously reviewed to determine if they continue to meet our risk and return targets. This process involves looking at changing market assumptions and the impact those assumptions will have on the individual securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we sold $198.5 million of mortgage-backed securities (March 31, 2017: $445.6 million) and realized losses of $9.2 million (March 31, 2017: net losses of $1.0 million).

We assess our investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment is assessed, the impairment is designated as either "temporary" or "other-than-temporary." For additional information regarding our assessment



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analysis of other-than temporary impairment on our investment securities, refer to Note 4 – “Mortgage-Backed and Credit Risk Transfer Securities” of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

We have elected the fair value option for all of our RMBS IOs, our MBS purchased on or after September 1, 2016 and our GSE CRTs purchased on or after August 24, 2015. Under the fair value option, changes in fair value are recognized in income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and are reported as a component of gain (loss) on investments, net. As of March 31, 2018, $6.6 billion (December 31, 2017: $6.5 billion) or 37.6% (December 31, 2017: 35.6%) of our MBS and GSE CRT are accounted for under the fair value option.

Equity in Earnings (Losses) of Unconsolidated Ventures

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures of $896,000 (March 31, 2017: equity in losses of $1.5 million). We recorded equity earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to realized and unrealized gains on the underlying portfolio investments. We recorded losses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 primarily due to unrealized losses on underlying portfolio investments.

Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments, net

Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements on our floating rate repurchase agreements and secured loans. To accomplish these objectives, we primarily use interest rate derivative instruments, including interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, U.S. Treasury futures contracts and TBAs as part of our interest rate risk management strategy.

We also use currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our investments denominated in foreign currencies.

The tables below summarize our realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net for the following periods:



$ in thousands	Three months ended March 31, 2018
Derivative not designated as hedging instrument	Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net		Contractual net interest expense		Unrealized gain (loss), net		Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
Interest Rate Swaps	122,273		(12,112	)	32,374		142,535
Futures Contracts	(5,277	)	—		(1,612	)	(6,889	)
Currency Forward Contracts	(3,418	)	—		1,139		(2,279	)
Total	113,578		(12,112	)	31,901		133,367



$ in thousands	Three months ended March 31, 2017
Derivative not designated as hedging instrument	Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net		Contractual net interest expense		Unrealized gain (loss), net	Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
Interest Rate Swaps	15,994		(22,894	)	12,950	6,050
Currency Forward Contracts	(1,076	)	—		488	(588	)
Total	14,918		(22,894	)	13,438	5,462

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we held the following interest rate swaps whereby we receive interest at a one-month and three-month LIBOR rate:



$ in thousands	As of March 31, 2018						As of December 31, 2017
Derivative instrument	Notional Amounts ⁽¹⁾	Average Fixed Pay Rate		Average Receive Rate		Average Maturity (Years)	Notional Amounts ⁽²⁾	Average Fixed Pay Rate		Average Receive Rate		Average Maturity (Years)
Interest Rate Swaps	9,270,000	2.22	%	1.86	%	4.4	8,620,000	2.11	%	1.48	%	4.2


(1)	Excludes $1.3 billion of notional amount for interest rate swaps with forward start dates.


(2)	Excludes $500.0 million of notional amount for interest rate swaps with forward start dates.



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Realized and Unrealized Credit Derivative Income (Loss), net

The table below summarizes the components of realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest	5,633		5,807
Change in fair value of GSE CRT embedded derivatives	(2,468	)	14,148
Total	3,165		19,955

In the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded a $16.8 million decrease in realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net compared to the same period in 2017 because the increases in valuation of the debt host contracts exceeded the increases in valuation of the hybrid financial instruments.

Net Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

The following table summarizes retirements of the Notes during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. We retired a portion of the Notes prior to their maturity and fully retired the Notes upon their maturity on March 15, 2018.



$ in thousands	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Reacquisition price	143,433		153,750
Less: Par value of Notes retired during the period	(143,410	)	(150,000	)
Add: Write off of unamortized debt issuance cost associated with Notes retired during the period	3		961
Net loss on extinguishment of debt	26		4,711

Other Investment Income (Loss), net

Other investment income (loss), net consists of (i) quarterly dividends from FHLBI stock and an investment in an exchange-traded fund and (ii) foreign exchange rate gains and losses related to a commercial loan investment denominated in a foreign currency. The table below summarizes the components of other investment income (loss), net for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018	2017
Dividend income	1,288	816
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions, net	1,814	513
Total	3,102	1,329

We are required to purchase and hold a certain amount of FHLBI stock, which is based, in part, upon the outstanding principal balance of secured advances from the FHLBI. We earn dividend income on our investment in FHLBI stock, and the amount of our dividend income varies based upon the number of shares that we are required to own and the dividend declared per share.

We incurred foreign exchange gains (losses) on the revaluation of a commercial loan investment (notional amount of £34.5 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 due to the fluctuation in the Pound Sterling/ U.S. Dollar foreign exchange rate. We enter into currency forward contracts as an economic hedge against our foreign currency exposure. Changes in the fair value of our currency forward contracts are recognized in gain (loss) derivative instruments, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recognized net losses of $2.3 million (March 31, 2017: net losses of $588,000) on our currency forward contracts.



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Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we incurred management fees of $10.2 million (March 31, 2017: $8.8 million), which are payable to our Manager under our management agreement. Management fees increased for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily because we issued preferred stock in August 2017. Refer to Note 12 – "Related Party Transactions" of our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our relationship with our Manager and a description of how our fees are calculated.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, our general and administrative expenses not covered under our management agreement amounted to $1.8 million (March 31, 2017: $2.1 million). General and administrative expenses not covered under our management agreement primarily consist of directors and officers insurance, legal costs, accounting, auditing and tax services, and miscellaneous general and administrative costs. General and administrative costs were lower for the three months ended March 31, 2018 versus 2017 primarily due to higher professional fees in the 2017 period.

Net Income (Loss) attributable to Common Stockholders

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, our net income attributable to common stockholders was $41.5 million (March 31, 2017: $87.1 million) or $0.37 basic and diluted net income per average share available to common stockholders (March 31, 2017: $0.78 basic and $0.73 diluted net income per average share available to common stockholders). The change in net income attributable to common stockholders was primarily due to (i) net loss on investments of $160.4 million in the 2018 period versus net loss on investments of $1.9 million in the 2017 period, (ii) net gains on derivative instruments of $133.4 million in the 2018 period versus net gains on derivative instruments of $5.5 million in the 2017 period, (iii) net credit derivative income of $3.2 million in the 2018 period versus net credit derivative income of $20.0 million in the 2017 period and (iv) dividends to preferred stockholders of $11.1 million in the 2018 period versus $5.7 million in the 2017 period. Dividends to preferred stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased compared to 2017 due to the issuance of $287.5 million of Series C Preferred Stock in August 2017.

For further information on the changes in net gains or losses on investments, changes in net gains on derivative instruments, realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net and preferred dividends in the 2018 period versus 2017 period, see preceding discussion under "Gain (Loss) on Investments, net," "Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments, net," "Realized and Unrealized Credit Derivative Income (Loss), net," and "Capital Activities."

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use the following non-GAAP financial measures to analyze the Company's operating results and believe these financial measures are useful to investors in assessing our performance as further discussed below:


•	core earnings (and by calculation, core earnings per common share),


•	effective interest income (and by calculation, effective yield),


•	effective interest expense (and by calculation, effective cost of funds),


•	effective net interest income (and by calculation, effective interest rate margin), and


•	repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio.

The most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures are:


•	net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders (and by calculation, basic earnings (loss) per common share),


•	total interest income (and by calculation, earning asset yields),


•	total interest expense (and by calculation, cost of funds),


•	net interest income (and by calculation, net interest rate margin), and


•	debt-to-equity ratio.

The non-GAAP financial measures used by management should be analyzed in conjunction with U.S. GAAP financial measures and should not be considered substitutes for U.S. GAAP financial measures In addition, the non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures of our peer companies.



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Core Earnings

We calculate core earnings as U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders adjusted for (gain) loss on investments, net; realized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net; unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net; realized and unrealized (gain) loss on GSE CRT embedded derivatives, net; (gain) loss on foreign currency transactions, net; amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps; net loss on extinguishment of debt; and cumulative adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest. We may add and have added additional reconciling items to our core earnings calculation as appropriate.

We believe the presentation of core earnings provides a consistent measure of operating performance by excluding the impact of gains and losses described above from operating results. We exclude the impact of gains and losses because gains and losses are not accounted for consistently under U.S. GAAP. Under U.S. GAAP, certain gains and losses are reflected in net income whereas other gains and losses are reflected in other comprehensive income. For example, the majority of our mortgage-backed securities are classified as available-for-sale securities, and we record changes in the valuation of these securities in other comprehensive income on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We elected the fair value option for our mortgage-backed securities purchased on or after September 1, 2016, and changes in the valuation of these securities are recorded in other income (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. In addition, certain gains and losses represent one-time events.

We believe that providing transparency into core earnings enables our investors to consistently measure, evaluate and compare our operating performance to that of our peers over multiple reporting periods. However, we caution that core earnings should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP), or as an indication of our cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP), a measure of our liquidity, or as an indication of amounts available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.

The table below provides a reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders to core earnings for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands, except per share data	2018		2017
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	41,471		87,130
Adjustments:
(Gain) loss on investments, net	160,370		1,853
Realized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net ⁽¹⁾	(113,578	)	(14,918	)
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net ⁽¹⁾	(31,901	)	(13,438	)
Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on GSE CRT embedded derivatives, net⁽²⁾	2,468		(14,148	)
(Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions, net ⁽³⁾	(1,814	)	(513	)
Amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps⁽⁴⁾	(6,539	)	(6,298	)
Net loss on extinguishment of debt	26		4,711
Subtotal	9,032		(42,751	)
Cumulative adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest	(114	)	539
Core earnings attributable to common stockholders	50,389		44,918
Basic income (loss) per common share	0.37		0.78
Core earnings per share attributable to common stockholders⁽⁵⁾	0.45		0.40



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(1)	U.S. GAAP gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations includes the following components:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	113,578		14,918
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	31,901		13,438
Contractual net interest expense	(12,112	)	(22,894	)
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	133,367		5,462


(2)	U.S. GAAP realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations includes the following components:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on GSE CRT embedded derivatives, net	(2,468	)	14,148
GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest	5,633		5,807
Realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net	3,165		19,955


(3)	U.S. GAAP other investment income (loss) net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations includes the following components:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018	2017
Dividend income	1,288	816
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions, net	1,814	513
Other investment income (loss), net	3,102	1,329


(4)	U.S. GAAP repurchase agreements interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations includes the following components:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
$ in thousands	2018		2017
Interest expense on repurchase agreements borrowings	66,124		36,245
Amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps	(6,539	)	(6,298	)
Repurchase agreements interest expense	59,585		29,947


(5)	Core earnings per share attributable to common stockholders is equal to core earnings divided by the basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding.

Core earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased $5.5 million from the same period in 2017 primarily due to the net impact of investing the proceeds of our $287.5 million Series C Preferred Stock offering in August 2017 as well as a $2.4 million increase in income from our joint venture investments.



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Effective Interest Income / Effective Yield/ Effective Interest Expense / Effective Cost of Funds / Effective Net Interest Income / Effective Interest Rate Margin

We calculate effective interest income (and by calculation, effective yield) as U.S. GAAP total interest income adjusted for GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net. We include our GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest in effective interest income because GSE CRT coupon interest is not accounted for consistently under U.S. GAAP. We account for GSE CRTs purchased prior to August 24, 2015 as hybrid financial instruments, but we have elected the fair value option for GSE CRTs purchased on or after August 24, 2015. Under U.S. GAAP, coupon interest on GSE CRTs accounted for using the fair value option is recorded as interest income, whereas coupon interest on GSE CRTs accounted for as hybrid financial instruments is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss). We add back GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest to our total interest income because we consider GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest a current component of our total interest income irrespective of whether we elected the fair value option for the GSE CRT or accounted for the GSE CRT as a hybrid financial instrument.

We calculate effective interest expense (and by calculation, effective cost of funds) as U.S. GAAP total interest expense adjusted for contractual net interest expense on our interest rate swaps that is recorded as gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net and the amortization of net deferred gains (losses) on de-designated interest rate swaps that is recorded as repurchase agreements interest expense. We view our interest rate swaps as an economic hedge against increases in future market interest rates on our floating rate borrowings. We add back the net payments we make on our interest rate swap agreements to our total U.S. GAAP interest expense because we use interest rate swaps to add stability to interest expense. We exclude the amortization of net deferred gains (losses) on de-designated interest rate swaps from our calculation of effective interest expense because we do not consider the amortization a current component of our borrowing costs.

We calculate effective net interest income (and by calculation, effective interest rate margin) as U.S. GAAP net interest income adjusted for net interest expense on our interest rate swaps that is recorded as gain (loss) on derivative instruments, amortization of net deferred gains (losses) on de-designated interest rate swaps that is recorded as repurchase agreements interest expense and GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest that is recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net.

We believe the presentation of effective interest income, effective yield, effective interest expense, effective cost of funds, effective net interest income and effective interest rate margin measures, when considered together with U.S. GAAP financial measures, provide information that is useful to investors in understanding our borrowing costs and operating performance.

The following table reconciles total interest income to effective interest income and yield to effective yield for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
$ in thousands	Reconciliation	Yield/Effective Yield		Reconciliation	Yield/Effective Yield
Total interest income	153,225	3.38	%	124,637	3.06	%
Add: GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net	5,633	0.12	%	5,807	0.14	%
Effective interest income	158,858	3.50	%	130,444	3.20	%

Our effective interest income increased in the three months ended March 31, 2018 versus the same period in 2017 primarily due to higher average earning assets. The increase in effective yield for the three months ended March 31, 2018 versus the same period in 2017 was primarily due to slower prepayment speeds and higher index rates on floating and adjustable rate assets.



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The following table reconciles total interest expense to effective interest expense and cost of funds to effective cost of funds for the following periods.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
$ in thousands	Reconciliation	Cost of Funds / Effective Cost of Funds		Reconciliation	Cost of Funds / Effective Cost of Funds
Total interest expense	68,133	1.74	%	38,368	1.08	%
Add (Less): Amortization of net deferred gain (loss) on de-designated interest rate swaps	6,539	0.17	%	6,298	0.18	%
Add: Contractual net interest expense on interest rate swaps recorded as gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	12,112	0.31	%	22,894	0.64	%
Effective interest expense	86,784	2.22	%	67,560	1.90	%

Our effective interest expense and effective cost of funds increased during the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to increased borrowings and higher interest rates. See the preceding caption "Interest Expense and Cost of Funds" for further discussion of these variances.

The following table reconciles net interest income to effective net interest income and net interest rate margin to effective interest rate margin for the following periods.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018				2017
$ in thousands	Reconciliation		Net Interest Rate Margin / Effective Interest Rate Margin		Reconciliation		Net Interest Rate Margin / Effective Interest Rate Margin
Net interest income	85,092		1.64	%	86,269		1.98	%
Add (Less): Amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on de-designated interest rate swaps	(6,539	)	(0.17	)%	(6,298	)	(0.18	)%
Add: GSE CRT embedded derivative coupon interest recorded as realized and unrealized credit derivative income (loss), net	5,633		0.12	%	5,807		0.14	%
Less: Contractual net interest expense on interest rate swaps recorded as gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net	(12,112	)	(0.31	)%	(22,894	)	(0.64	)%
Effective net interest income	72,074		1.28	%	62,884		1.30	%

Effective net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased from the same period in 2017 primarily due to lower contractual net interest expense on interest rate swaps. Contractual net interest expense decreased from $22.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 to $12.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily as a result of higher LIBOR.

Effective interest rate margin decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to increases in the Federal Funds rate in 2017 and March 2018 that had a greater impact on our average cost of funds than on our average earning asset yields.



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Repurchase Agreement Debt-to-Equity Ratio

The tables below show the allocation of our equity to our target assets, our debt-to-equity ratio, and our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Our debt-to-equity ratio is calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and is the ratio of total debt (sum of repurchase agreements, secured loans and exchangeable senior notes) to total equity. We present a repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio, a non-GAAP financial measure of leverage, because the mortgage REIT industry primarily uses repurchase agreements, which typically mature within one year, to finance investments. We believe that presenting our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio, when considered together with our U.S. GAAP financial measure of debt-to-equity ratio, provides information that is useful to investors in understanding our refinancing risks, and gives investors a comparable statistic to those other mortgage REITs who almost exclusively borrow using short-term repurchase agreements that are subject to refinancing risk.

Our debt-to-equity ratio increased to 6.2x as of March 31, 2018 from 6.0x as of December 31, 2017 reflecting lower equity due to declines in mortgage-backed security valuations. Our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio increased to 6.8x as of March 31, 2018 from 6.1x as of December 31, 2017 primarily because we utilized repurchase agreement borrowings to retire our Notes on March 15, 2018.

March 31, 2018



$ in thousands	Agency RMBS		Commercial Credit ⁽¹⁾		Residential Credit ⁽²⁾	Other		Total
Investments	12,376,747		3,401,704		2,056,206	—		17,834,657
Cash and cash equivalents ⁽³⁾	51,820		41,645		23,659	—		117,124
Restricted cash	666		1,734		—	—		2,400
Derivative assets, at fair value ⁽⁴⁾	26,280		105		—	—		26,385
Other assets	268,033		63,585		5,894	3,966		341,478
Total assets	12,723,546		3,508,773		2,085,759	3,966		18,322,044

Repurchase agreements	10,864,431		1,482,869		1,563,837	—		13,911,137
Secured loans ⁽⁵⁾	549,325		1,100,675		—	—		1,650,000
Derivative liabilities, at fair value ⁽⁴⁾	20,170		184		—	—		20,354
Other liabilities	177,439		25,392		15,366	—		218,197
Total liabilities	11,611,365		2,609,120		1,579,203	—		15,799,688

Total equity (allocated)	1,112,181		899,653		506,556	3,966		2,522,356
Adjustments to calculate repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio:
Net equity in unsecured assets ⁽⁶⁾	—		(212,423	)	—	(3,966	)	(216,389	)
Collateral pledged against secured loans	(638,847	)	(1,280,048	)	—	—		(1,918,895	)
Secured loans	549,325		1,100,675		—	—		1,650,000
Equity related to repurchase agreement debt	1,022,659		507,857		506,556	—		2,037,072
Debt-to-equity ratio ⁽⁷⁾	10.3		2.9		3.1	NA		6.2
Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio ⁽⁸⁾	10.6		2.9		3.1	NA		6.8


(1)	Investments in CMBS, commercial loans and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are included in commercial credit.


(2)	Investments in non-Agency RMBS and GSE CRT are included in residential credit.


(3)	Cash and cash equivalents are allocated based on a percentage of equity for Agency RMBS, residential credit and commercial credit.


(4)	Derivative assets and liabilities are allocated based on the hedging strategy for each class.


(5)	Secured loans are allocated based on amount of collateral pledged.


(6)	Net equity in unsecured assets includes commercial loans, investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and other.


(7)	Debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as the ratio of total debt (sum of repurchase agreements and secured loans) to total equity.


(8)	Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as the ratio of repurchase agreements to equity related to repurchase agreement debt.



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December 31, 2017



$ in thousands	Agency RMBS		Commercial Credit ⁽¹⁾		Residential Credit ⁽²⁾	Exchangeable Senior Notes and Other		Total
Investments	12,849,851		3,434,196		2,124,487	—		18,408,534
Cash and cash equivalents ⁽³⁾	39,630		31,069		17,682	—		88,381
Restricted cash	—		620		—	—		620
Derivative assets, at fair value ⁽⁴⁾	6,896		—		—	—		6,896
Other assets	77,893		64,284		6,669	3,979		152,825
Total assets	12,974,270		3,530,169		2,148,838	3,979		18,657,256

Repurchase agreements	11,111,755		1,396,330		1,572,716	—		14,080,801
Secured loans ⁽⁵⁾	533,463		1,116,537		—	—		1,650,000
Exchangeable senior notes	—		—		—	143,231		143,231
Derivative liabilities, at fair value ⁽⁴⁾	31,548		1,217		—	—		32,765
Other liabilities	51,840		24,742		14,888	2,111		93,581
Total liabilities	11,728,606		2,538,826		1,587,604	145,342		16,000,378

Total equity (allocated)	1,245,664		991,343		561,234	(141,363	)	2,656,878
Adjustments to calculate repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio:
Net equity in unsecured assets and exchangeable senior notes ⁽⁶⁾	—		(217,780	)	—	141,363		(76,417	)
Collateral pledged against secured loans	(623,181	)	(1,304,315	)	—	—		(1,927,496	)
Secured loans	533,463		1,116,537		—	—		1,650,000
Equity related to repurchase agreement debt	1,155,946		585,785		561,234	—		2,302,965
Debt-to-equity ratio ⁽⁷⁾	9.3		2.5		2.8	NA		6.0
Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio⁽⁸⁾	9.6		2.4		2.8	NA		6.1


(1)	Investments in CMBS, commercial loans and investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are included in commercial credit.


(2)	Investments in non-Agency RMBS and GSE CRT are included in residential credit.


(3)	Cash and cash equivalents are allocated based on a percentage of equity for Agency RMBS, residential credit and commercial credit.


(4)	Derivative assets and liabilities are allocated based on the hedging strategy for each class.


(5)	Secured loans are allocated based on amount of collateral pledged.


(6)	Net equity in unsecured assets and exchangeable senior notes includes commercial loans, investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, exchangeable senior notes and other.


(7)	Debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as the ratio of total debt (sum of repurchase agreements, secured loans and exchangeable senior notes) to total equity.


(8)	Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as the ratio of repurchase agreements to equity related to repurchase agreement debt.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to pay dividends, fund investments, repayment of borrowings and other general business needs. Our primary sources of funds for liquidity consist of the net proceeds from our common and preferred equity offerings, net cash provided by operating activities, proceeds from repurchase agreements and other financing arrangements and future issuances of equity and/or debt securities.

We currently believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available for the acquisition of additional investments, repayments on borrowings, margin requirements and the payment of cash dividends as required for continued qualification as a REIT. We generally maintain liquidity to pay down borrowings under repurchase arrangements to reduce borrowing costs and otherwise efficiently manage our long-term investment capital. Because the level of these borrowings can be adjusted on a daily basis, the level of cash and cash equivalents carried on our condensed consolidated balance sheets is



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significantly less important than our potential liquidity available under borrowing arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that we will maintain sufficient levels of liquidity to meet any margin calls.

We held cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $119.5 million at March 31, 2018 (March 31, 2017: $55.9 million). Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased due to normal fluctuations in cash balances related to the timing of principal and interest payments, repayments of debt, and asset purchases and sales. Our operating activities provided net cash of $76.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (March 31, 2017: $62.8 million).

Our investing activities provided net cash of $325.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $1.1 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2017. We invested $298.9 million in mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities during the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to investments of $1.8 billion in mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities in the three months ended March 31, 2017. We generated $488.1 million from principal payments of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities during the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $562.2 million from principal payments of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities and $180.8 million from the sales of mortgage-backed and credit risk transfer securities in the three months ended March 31, 2017. We also received net proceeds on settlement of derivative contracts of $113.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $14.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Our financing activities used net cash of $371.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $926.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017. We used cash of $143.4 million (March 31, 2017: $153.8 million) to extinguish the exchangeable senior notes and to pay dividends of $58.6 million (March 31, 2017: $50.9 million). We also used cash of $169.7 million to make net principal repayments on repurchase agreements (March 31, 2017: net proceeds of $1.1 billion).

As of March 31, 2018, our wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services, had $1.65 billion in outstanding secured loans from the FHLBI. As of March 31, 2018, the FHLBI advances were collateralized by CMBS and Agency RMBS with a fair value of $1.3 billion and $638.2 million, respectively and cash of $2.0 million.

As of March 31, 2018, the average margin requirement (weighted by borrowing amount), or the percentage amount by which the collateral value must exceed the loan amount (also refer to as the "haircut") under our repurchase agreements was 4.8% for Agency RMBS, 21.0% for non-Agency RMBS, 20.6% for GSE CRT and 19.4% for CMBS. Across our repurchase agreement facilities, the haircuts range from a low of 3.0% to a high of 27.5% for Agency RMBS, a low of 10.0% to a high of 35.0% for non-Agency RMBS, a low of 16.7% to a high of 27.5% for GSE CRT, a low of 10.0% to a high of 30.0% for CMBS. Declines in the value of our securities portfolio can trigger margin calls by our lenders under our repurchase agreements. An event of default or termination event would give some of our counterparties the option to terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and require any amount due by us to the counterparties to be payable immediately.

Effects of Margin Requirements, Leverage and Credit Spreads

Our securities have values that fluctuate according to market conditions and, as discussed above, the market value of our securities will decrease as prevailing interest rates or credit spreads increase. When the value of the securities pledged to secure a repurchase loan or a secured loan decreases to the point where the positive difference between the collateral value and the loan amount is less than the haircut, our lenders may issue a margin call, which means that the lender will require us to pay the margin call in cash or pledge additional collateral to meet that margin call. Under our repurchase facilities and secured loans, our lenders have full discretion to determine the value of the securities we pledge to them. Most of our lenders will value securities based on recent trades in the market. Lenders also issue margin calls as the published current principal balance factors change on the pool of mortgages underlying the securities pledged as collateral when scheduled and unscheduled paydowns are announced monthly.

We experience margin calls and increased collateral requirements in the ordinary course of our business. In seeking to effectively manage the margin requirements established by our lenders, we maintain a position of cash and unpledged securities. We refer to this position as our liquidity. The level of liquidity we have available to meet margin calls is directly affected by our leverage levels, our haircuts and the price changes on our securities. If interest rates increase as a result of a yield curve shift or for another reason or if credit spreads widen, then the prices of our collateral (and our unpledged assets that constitute our liquidity) will decline, we will experience margin calls, and we will use our liquidity to meet the margin calls. There can be no assurance that we will maintain sufficient levels of liquidity to meet any margin calls or increased collateral requirements. If our haircuts increase, our liquidity will proportionately decrease. In addition, if we increase our borrowings, our liquidity will decrease by the amount of additional haircut on the increased level of indebtedness.

We intend to maintain a level of liquidity in relation to our assets that enables us to meet reasonably anticipated margin calls and increased collateral requirements but that also allows us to be substantially invested in securities. We may misjudge the appropriate amount of our liquidity by maintaining excessive liquidity, which would lower our investment returns, or by



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maintaining insufficient liquidity, which would force us to liquidate assets into unfavorable market conditions and harm our results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to financial covenants in connection with our lending, derivatives and other agreements we enter into in the normal course of our business. We intend to continue to operate in a manner which complies with all of our financial covenants. Our lending and derivative agreements provide that we may be declared in default of our obligations if our leverage ratio exceeds certain thresholds and we fail to maintain stockholders’ equity or market value above certain thresholds over specified time periods.

Forward-Looking Statements Regarding Liquidity

Based upon our current portfolio, leverage rate and available borrowing arrangements, we believe that cash flow from operations and available borrowing capacity will be sufficient to enable us to meet anticipated short-term (one year or less) liquidity requirements to fund our investment activities, pay fees under our management agreement, fund our distributions to stockholders and for other general corporate expenses.

Our ability to meet our long-term (greater than one year) liquidity and capital resource requirements will be subject to obtaining additional debt financing. We may increase our capital resources by obtaining long-term credit facilities or through public or private offerings of equity or debt securities, possibly including classes of preferred stock, common stock, and senior or subordinated notes. Such financing will depend on market conditions for capital raises and our ability to invest such offering proceeds. If we are unable to renew, replace or expand our sources of financing on substantially similar terms, it may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Contractual Obligations

We have entered into an agreement with our Manager pursuant to which our Manager is entitled to receive a management fee and the reimbursement of certain expenses. The management fee is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears in an amount equal to 1.50% of our stockholders’ equity, per annum. Refer to Note 12 - "Related Party Transactions" of our condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of adjustments made to our stockholders' equity for purposes of calculating our management fee. Our Manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and personnel who, notwithstanding that certain of those individuals are also our officers, receive no cash compensation directly from us. We are required to reimburse our Manager for operating expenses related to us incurred by our Manager, including certain salary expenses and other expenses relating to legal, accounting, due diligence and other services. Our reimbursement obligation is not subject to any dollar limitation. Refer to Note 12 – "Related Party Transactions" of our condensed consolidated financial statements for details of our reimbursements to our Manager.

As of March 31, 2018, we had the following contractual obligations:



	Payments Due by Period
$ in thousands	Total	Less than 1 year	1-3 years	3-5 years	After 5 years
Repurchase agreements	13,911,137	13,911,137	—	—	—
Secured loans	1,650,000	—	400,000	—	1,250,000
Total ⁽¹⁾	15,561,137	13,911,137	400,000	—	1,250,000


(1)	Excluded from total contractual obligations are the amounts due to our Manager under the management agreement, as those obligations do not have fixed and determinable payments.

As of March 31, 2018, we have approximately $37.5 million and $191.3 million in contractual interest payments related to our repurchase agreements and secured loans, respectively.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have committed to invest up to $123.1 million in unconsolidated ventures that are sponsored by an affiliate of our Manager. As of March 31, 2018, $114.2 million of our commitment to these unconsolidated ventures has been called. We are committed to fund $8.9 million in additional capital to fund future investments and cover future expenses should they occur.

As of March 31, 2018, we have unfunded commitments on commercial loans of $4.1 million (December 31, 2017: $4.8 million).



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Share-Based Compensation

We recognized compensation expense of approximately $93,000 (March 31, 2017: $85,000) for shares issued to our independent directors under the Incentive Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we issued 7,177 shares and 5,456 shares of stock, respectively, to our independent directors. The fair market value of the shares granted was determined by the closing stock market price on the date of the grant. The grants vested immediately.

The following table summarizes the activity related to restricted stock units awarded to employees of our Manager and its affiliates for the three months ended March 31, 2018.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018
	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ⁽¹⁾
Unvested at the beginning of the period	19,827		$	14.35
Shares granted during the period	7,055		15.37
Shares vested during the period	(7,697	)	14.75
Unvested at the end of the period	19,185		$	14.56


(1)	The grant date fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of our common stock at the grant date.

Dividends

We intend to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock and preferred stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income annually, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our repurchase agreements and other debt payable. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions, or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities.

Inflation

Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to interest rates. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance far more than inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates.

Unrelated Business Taxable Income

We have not engaged in transactions that would result in a portion of our income being treated as unrelated business taxable income.



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Other Matters

We believe that we satisfied each of the asset tests in Section 856(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") for the period ended March 31, 2018, and that our proposed method of operation will permit us to satisfy the asset tests, gross income tests, and distribution and stock ownership requirements for our taxable year that will end on December 31, 2018.

At all times, we intend to conduct our business so that neither we nor our Operating Partnership nor the subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership are required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. If we were required to register as an investment company, then our use of leverage would be substantially reduced. Because we are a holding company that conducts our business through our Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, the securities issued by these subsidiaries that are excepted from the definition of "investment company" under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act, together with any other investment securities the Operating Partnership may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of the Operating Partnership’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40% test. This requirement limits the types of businesses in which we are permitted to engage in through our subsidiaries. In addition, we believe neither we nor the Operating Partnership are considered an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act because they do not engage primarily or hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, through the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, we and the Operating Partnership are primarily engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these subsidiaries. IAS Asset I LLC and certain of the Operating Partnership’s other subsidiaries that we may form in the future rely upon the exclusion from the definition of "investment company" under the 1940 Act provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, which is available for entities "primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate." This exclusion generally requires that at least 55% of each subsidiary’s portfolio be comprised of qualifying assets and at least 80% be comprised of qualifying assets and real estate-related assets (and no more than 20% comprised of miscellaneous assets). We calculate that as of March 31, 2018, we conducted our business so as not to be regulated as an investment company under the 1940 Act.


ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

The primary components of our market risk are related to interest rate, principal prepayment and market value. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified from historical experience and we seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our investments and our repurchase agreements. Our repurchase agreements are typically of limited duration and will be periodically refinanced at current market rates. We mitigate this risk through utilization of derivative contracts, primarily interest rate swap agreements, TBAs and futures contracts.

Interest Rate Effect on Net Interest Income

Our operating results depend in large part upon differences between the yields earned on our investments and our cost of borrowing and interest rate hedging activities. Most of our repurchase agreements provide financing based on a floating rate of interest calculated on a fixed spread over LIBOR. The fixed spread will vary depending on the type of underlying asset which collateralizes the financing. Accordingly, the portion of our portfolio which consists of floating interest rate assets are match-funded utilizing our expected sources of short-term financing, while our fixed interest rate assets are not match-funded. During periods of rising interest rates, the borrowing costs associated with our investments tend to increase while the income earned on our fixed interest rate investments may remain substantially unchanged. This increase in borrowing costs results in the narrowing of the net interest spread between the related assets and borrowings and may even result in losses. Further, during this portion of the interest rate and credit cycles, defaults could increase and result in credit losses to us, which could adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Such delinquencies or defaults could also have an adverse effect on the spread between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Hedging techniques are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our RMBS. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the life of the RMBS will be longer or shorter, which would reduce the effectiveness of any hedging strategies we may use and may cause losses on such transactions. Hedging strategies involving the use of derivative securities are highly complex and may produce volatile returns.



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Interest Rate Effects on Fair Value

Another component of interest rate risk is the effect that changes in interest rates will have on the market value of the assets that we acquire. We face the risk that the market value of our assets will increase or decrease at different rates than those of our liabilities, including our hedging instruments.

We primarily assess our interest rate risk by estimating the duration of our assets and the duration of our liabilities. Duration measures the market price volatility of financial instruments as interest rates change. We generally calculate duration using various financial models and empirical data. Different models and methodologies can produce different duration numbers for the same securities.

The impact of changing interest rates on fair value can change significantly when interest rates change materially. Therefore, the volatility in the fair value of our assets could increase significantly in the event interest rates change materially. In addition, other factors impact the fair value of our interest rate-sensitive investments and hedging instruments, such as the shape of the yield curve, market expectations as to future interest rate changes and other market conditions. Accordingly, changes in actual interest rates may have a material adverse effect on us.

Spread Risk

We employ a variety of spread risk management techniques that seek to mitigate the influences of spread changes on our book value and our liquidity to help us achieve our investment objectives. We refer to the difference between interest rates on our investments and interest rates on risk free instruments as spreads. The yield on our investments changes over time due to the level of risk free interest rates, the creditworthiness of the security, and the price of the perceived risk. The change in the market yield of our interest rate hedges also changes primarily with the level of risk free interest rates. We manage spread risk through careful asset selection, sector allocation, regulating our portfolio value-at-risk, and maintaining adequate liquidity. Changes in spreads impact our book value and our liquidity and could cause us to sell assets and to change our investment strategy in order to maintain liquidity and preserve book value.

Prepayment Risk

As we receive prepayments of principal on our investments, premiums paid on these investments are amortized against interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the interest income earned on the investments. Conversely, discounts on such investments are accreted into interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing the interest income earned on the investments.

Extension Risk

We compute the projected weighted average life of our investments based upon assumptions regarding the rate at which the borrowers will prepay the underlying mortgages. In general, when a fixed-rate or hybrid adjustable-rate security is acquired with borrowings, we may, but are not required to, enter into an interest rate swap agreement or other hedging instrument that effectively fixes our borrowing costs for a period close to the anticipated average life of the fixed-rate portion of the related assets. This strategy is designed to protect us from rising interest rates, because the borrowing costs are fixed for the duration of the fixed-rate portion of the related target asset.

However, if prepayment rates decrease in a rising interest rate environment, then the life of the fixed-rate portion of the related assets could extend beyond the term of the swap agreement or other hedging instrument. This could have a negative impact on our results from operations, as borrowing costs would no longer be fixed after the end of the hedging instrument, while the income earned on the hybrid adjustable-rate assets would remain fixed. This situation may also cause the market value of our hybrid adjustable-rate assets to decline, with little or no offsetting gain from the related hedging transactions. In extreme situations, we may be forced to sell assets to maintain adequate liquidity, which could cause us to incur losses.

Market Risk

Market Value Risk

Our available-for-sale securities are reflected at their estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income pursuant to ASC Topic 320. The estimated fair value of these securities fluctuates primarily due to changes in interest rates and other factors. Generally, in a rising interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of these securities would be expected to decrease; conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of these securities would be expected to increase.



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The sensitivity analysis table presented below shows the estimated impact of an instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve, up and down 50 and 100 basis points, on the market value of our interest rate-sensitive investments and net interest income, including net interest paid or received under interest rate swaps, at March 31, 2018, assuming a static portfolio. When evaluating the impact of changes in interest rates, prepayment assumptions and principal reinvestment rates are adjusted based on our Manager’s expectations. The analysis presented utilized assumptions, models and estimates of our Manager based on our Manager’s judgment and experience.



Change in Interest Rates	Percentage Change in Projected Net Interest Income		Percentage Change in Projected Portfolio Value
+1.00%	(26.92	)%	(1.75	)%
+0.50%	(11.65	)%	(0.64	)%
-0.50%	5.86	%	0.93	%
-1.00%	0.27	%	1.26	%

Certain assumptions have been made in connection with the calculation of the information set forth in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table and, as such, there can be no assurance that assumed events will occur or that other events will not occur that would affect the outcomes. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates at March 31, 2018. Furthermore, while we generally expect to retain such assets and the associated interest rate risk to maturity, future purchases and sales of assets could materially change our interest rate risk profile.

Given the low interest rates at March 31, 2018, we applied a floor of 0% for all anticipated interest rates included in our assumptions. Because of this floor, we anticipate that any hypothetical interest rate shock decrease would have a limited positive impact on our funding costs; however, because prepayment speeds are unaffected by this floor, we expect that any increase in our prepayment speeds (occurring as a result of any interest rate decrease or otherwise) could result in an acceleration of our premium amortization on securities purchased at a premium, and accretion of discount on our securities purchased at a discount. As a result, because this floor limits the positive impact of any interest rate decrease on our funding costs, hypothetical interest rate decreases could cause the fair value of our financial instruments and our net interest income to decline.

The information set forth in the interest rate sensitivity table above and all related disclosures constitutes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimated in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table.

Real Estate Risk

Residential and commercial property values are subject to volatility and may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to: national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions (such as the supply of housing stock); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.

Credit Risk

We believe that our investment strategy will generally keep our credit losses and financing costs low. However, we retain the risk of potential credit losses on all of our residential and commercial mortgage investments. We seek to manage this risk through our pre-acquisition due diligence process. In addition, we re-evaluate the credit risk inherent in our investments on a regular basis pursuant to fundamental considerations such as GDP, unemployment, interest rates, retail sales, store closings/openings, corporate earnings, housing inventory, affordability and regional home price trends. We also review key loan credit metrics including, but not limited to, payment status, current loan-to-value ratios, current borrower credit scores and debt yields. These characteristics assist in determining the likelihood and severity of loan loss as well as prepayment and extension expectations. We then perform structural analysis under multiple scenarios to establish likely cash flow profiles and credit enhancement levels relative to collateral performance projections. This analysis allows us to quantify our opinions of credit quality and fundamental value, which are key drivers of portfolio management decisions.



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Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

We have an investment in a commercial loan denominated in foreign currency and an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture whose net assets and results of operations are exposed to foreign currency translation risk when translated in U.S. dollars upon consolidation. We seek to hedge our foreign currency exposures by purchasing currency forward contracts.

Risk Management

To the extent consistent with maintaining our REIT qualification, we seek to manage risk exposure to protect our investment portfolio against the effects of major interest rate changes. We generally seek to manage this risk by:


•	monitoring and adjusting, if necessary, the reset index and interest rate related to our target assets and our financings;


•	attempting to structure our financing agreements to have a range of different maturities, terms, amortizations and interest rate adjustment periods;


•	using hedging instruments, primarily interest rate swap agreements but also financial futures, options, interest rate cap agreements, floors and forward sales to adjust the interest rate sensitivity of our target assets and our borrowings; and


•	actively managing, on an aggregate basis, the interest rate indices, interest rate adjustment periods, and gross reset margins of our target assets and the interest rate indices and adjustment periods of our financings.



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ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act.

We have evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2018. Based upon our evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.



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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION


ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2018, we were not involved in any such legal proceedings.


ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS.

There were no material changes during the period covered by this Report to the risk factors previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC on February 20, 2018. Additional risks not presently known, or that we currently deem immaterial, also may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.


ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.


ITEM 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.


ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.


ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION.

None.


ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS.

A list of exhibits to this Form 10-Q is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.



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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC.

May 3, 2018	By:	/s/ John M. Anzalone
		John M. Anzalone
		Chief Executive Officer

May 3, 2018	By:	/s/ R. Lee Phegley, Jr.
		R. Lee Phegley, Jr.
		Chief Financial Officer



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EXHIBIT INDEX

Item 6. Exhibits



Exhibit No.			Description

3.1			Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2009).

3.2			Articles Supplementary of 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on July 23, 2012).

3.3			Articles Supplementary of 7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on September 8, 2014).

3.4			Articles Supplementary of 7.50% Fixed-to-Floating Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on August 11, 2017).

3.5			Amended and Restated Bylaws of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 17, 2017.

31.1			Certification of John M. Anzalone pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2			Certification of R. Lee Phegley, Jr. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1			Certification of John M. Anzalone pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2			Certification of R. Lee Phegley, Jr. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101			The following series of unaudited XBRL-formatted documents are collectively included herewith as Exhibit 101. The financial information is extracted from Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and notes that are included in this Form 10-Q Report. 101.INS XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document



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