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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023

OR

☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 1-05721

JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York

13-2615557

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

520 Madison Avenue,

New York,

New York

10022

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 284-2300

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class			Trading Symbol(s)			Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, par value $1 per share			JEF			New York Stock Exchange
4.850% Senior Notes Due 2027			JEF 27A			New York Stock Exchange
2.750% Senior Notes Due 2032			JEF 32A			New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock at March 31, 2023 was 233,443,644.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

February 28, 2023

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
			Page
Item 1. Financial Statements			2
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)			2
Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Unaudited)			3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)			4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)			5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)			6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)			8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			64
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			99
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			99
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			100
Item 1A. Risk Factors			100
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			101
Item 6. Exhibits			101

1

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands except share and per share amounts)

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents			$	7,508,508					$	9,703,109
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations			1,014,931						957,302
Financial instruments owned, at fair value (includes securities pledged of $16,319,611 and $14,099,136 at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively)			21,083,010						18,666,296
Investments in and loans to related parties			1,369,113						1,426,817
Securities borrowed			7,620,107						5,831,148
Securities purchased under agreements to resell			3,379,650						4,546,691
Securities received as collateral, at fair value			67,380						100,362
Receivables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations			1,783,612						1,792,937
Customers			1,453,409						1,225,137
Fees, interest and other			510,872						568,921
Premises and equipment			904,064						906,864
Goodwill			1,735,865						1,736,114
Other assets (includes assets pledged of $313,873 and $1,032,353 at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively)			3,602,422						3,595,985
Total assets			$	52,032,943					$	51,057,683
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Short-term borrowings			$	477,764					$	528,392
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value			11,038,096						11,056,477
Securities loaned			1,551,147						1,366,025
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			8,933,931						7,452,342
Other secured financings (includes $1,712 at fair value at both February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022)			2,031,670						2,037,843
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value			67,380						100,362
Payables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations			2,916,295						2,628,727
Customers			4,291,595						3,578,854
Lease liabilities			523,039						533,708
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			1,763,243						2,573,927
Long-term debt (includes $1,610,437 and $1,583,828 at fair value at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively)			8,625,552						8,774,086
Total liabilities			$	42,219,712					$	40,630,743
MEZZANINE EQUITY
Redeemable noncontrolling interests			1,802						6,461
Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares			—						125,000
EQUITY
Common shares, par value $1 per share, authorized 600,000,000 shares; 233,527,703 and 226,129,626 shares issued and outstanding, after deducting 87,590,367 and 90,334,082 shares held in treasury			233,528						226,130
Additional paid-in capital			2,012,206						1,967,781
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(421,105)						(379,419)
Retained earnings			7,930,615						8,418,354
Total Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders’ equity			9,755,244						10,232,846
Noncontrolling interests			56,185						62,633
Total equity			9,811,429						10,295,479
Total liabilities and equity			$	52,032,943					$	51,057,683

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022*
Revenues
Investment banking			$	502,798					$	945,048
Principal transactions			497,246						243,172
Commissions and other fees			213,270						229,316
Asset management fees and revenues			38,986						39,551
Interest			531,385						214,284
Other			(3,121)						241,444
Total revenues			1,780,564						1,912,815
Interest expense			497,072						219,973
Net revenues			1,283,492						1,692,842
Non-interest expenses
Compensation and benefits			703,058						790,752
Floor brokerage and clearing fees			80,474						83,961
Underwriting costs			13,207						8,128
Technology and communications			113,385						107,016
Occupancy and equipment rental			27,315						26,965
Business development			36,838						26,872
Professional services			62,161						52,742
Depreciation and amortization			33,292						45,937
Cost of sales			2,168						95,671
Other expenses			53,576						62,466
Total non-interest expenses			1,125,474						1,300,510
Earnings before income taxes			158,018						392,332
Income tax expense			28,694						64,357
Net earnings			129,324						327,975
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests			(6,055)						(969)
Net losses attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests			(256)						(573)
Preferred stock dividends			2,016						2,070
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.			133,619						327,447
Basic earnings per common share			$	0.56					$	1.26
Diluted earnings per common share			$	0.54					$	1.23

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

* See Note 1 for a description of financial statement presentation changes made as a result of our Merger with Jefferies Group.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Net earnings			$	129,324					$	327,975
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Currency translation adjustments and other (1)			10,216						574
Changes in fair value related to instrument-specific credit risk (2)			(52,153)						41,434
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities			251						(173)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (3)			(41,686)						41,835
Comprehensive income			87,638						369,810
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests			(6,055)						(969)
Net losses attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests			(256)						(573)
Preferred stock dividends			2,016						2,070
Comprehensive income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.			$	91,933					$	369,282

(1)The amounts include income tax expenses of approximately $13.6 million and $0.2 million during the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(2)The amounts include income tax benefits (expenses) of approximately $19.2 million and $(13.2) million during the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 18, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for additional information related to fair value changes related to instrument specific-credit risk, which were reclassified to Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

(3)None of the components of other comprehensive income (loss) are attributable to noncontrolling interests, redeemable noncontrolling interest or preferred stock dividends.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Common shares $1 par value
Balance, beginning of period			$	226,130					$	243,541
Purchase of common shares for treasury			(2,574)						(10,038)
Conversion of 125,000 preferred shares to common shares			4,654						—
Other			5,318						6,666
Balance, end of period			$	233,528					$	240,169
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance, beginning of period			$	1,967,781					$	2,742,244
Share-based compensation expense			13,726						9,746
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests			(192)						(7,991)
Purchase of common shares for treasury			(95,278)						(354,151)
Conversion of 125,000 preferred shares to common shares			120,346						—
Dividend equivalents			10,852						—
Change in equity interest related to consolidated subsidiaries			(5,705)						—
Other			676						939
Balance, end of period			$	2,012,206					$	2,390,787
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Balance, beginning of period			$	(379,419)					$	(372,143)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax			(41,686)						41,835
Balance, end of period			$	(421,105)					$	(330,308)
Retained earnings
Balance, beginning of period			$	8,418,354					$	7,940,113
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.			133,619						327,447
Dividends ($0.30 and $0.30 per common share, respectively)			(79,621)						(77,908)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for current expected credit losses, net of tax			(14,831)						—
Distribution of Vitesse Energy, Inc.			(526,964)						—
Other			58						—
Balance, end of period			$	7,930,615					$	8,189,652
Total Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders’ equity			$	9,755,244					$	10,490,300
Noncontrolling interests:
Balance, beginning of period			$	62,633					$	25,885
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests			(6,055)						(969)
Contributions			20,573						33,703
Distributions			(31,433)						—
Change in equity interest related to Vitesse Energy, Inc.			6,307						—
Conversion of Vitesse Energy, Inc. redeemable noncontrolling interest to noncontrolling interest			4,558						—
Other			(398)						—
Balance, end of period			$	56,185					$	58,619
Total equity			$	9,811,429					$	10,548,919

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings			$	129,324					$	327,975
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			33,585						47,400
Share-based compensation			13,726						9,746
Net bad debt expense			11,683						9,001
Loss (income) on investments and loans to related parties			63,987						(33,714)
Distributions received on investments in related parties			1,111						9,227
Other adjustments			(21,842)						(237,168)
Net change in assets and liabilities:
Receivables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations			10,609						(124,030)
Customers			(228,283)						(280,577)
Fees, interest and other			20,908						66,333
Securities borrowed			(1,786,916)						(701,961)
Financial instruments owned			(2,412,901)						(1,515,553)
Securities purchased under agreements to resell			1,170,236						1,084,266
Other assets			(690,596)						(148,742)
Payables:
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations			286,114						(1,832,185)
Customers			712,675						(440,484)
Securities loaned			183,887						283,598
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased			(20,461)						3,396,425
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			1,478,595						488,456
Lease liabilities			(10,440)						(21,399)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			(763,849)						(1,601,209)
Net cash used in operating activities			(1,818,848)						(1,214,595)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Contributions to investments in and loans to related parties			(10,677)						(301,062)
Capital distributions from investments and repayments of loans from related parties			17,055						258,420
Originations and purchases of automobile loans, notes and other receivables			(99,127)						(134,852)
Principal collections of automobile loans, notes and other receivables			81,808						99,306
Net payments on premises and equipment			(25,152)						(27,630)
Other			—						7
Net cash used in investing activities			(36,093)						(105,811)

Continued on next page.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from short-term borrowings			941,000						727,000
Payments on short-term borrowings			(993,000)						(527,000)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs			125,180						190,921
Repayment of long-term debt			(235,766)						(210,645)
Purchase of common shares for treasury			(50,863)						(338,058)
Dividends paid			(68,769)						(72,331)
Other			5,376						1,032
Net payments on other secured financings			(6,173)						(933,992)
Net change in bank overdrafts			1,372						45,990
Proceeds from contributions of noncontrolling interests			5						33,703
Net cash used in financing activities			(281,638)						(1,083,380)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			1,682						(467)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			(2,134,897)						(2,404,253)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period			10,707,244						11,828,304
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period			$	8,572,347					$	9,424,051
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for
Interest			$	493,004					$	321,015
Income taxes, net			9,535						16,715

Noncash investing activities:

During the three months ended February 28, 2023, we had $30.6 million in non-cash investing activities related to the acquisition of Vitesse Oil, LLC.

Noncash financing activities:

During the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, we had non-cash financing activities of:

•$47.0 million and $26.1 million, respectively, related to purchases of common shares for treasury, which settled subsequent to February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

•$527.0 million and $31.4 million in capital distributions to our shareholders and noncontrolling interest holders, respectively, related to the spin-off of Vitesse Energy, Inc.

•$125.0 million from the conversion of preferred shares to common shares.

The following presents our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash by category in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents			$	7,508,508					$	9,703,109
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes with clearing and depository organizations			1,014,931						957,302
Other assets			48,908						46,833
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			$	8,572,347					$	10,707,244

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Index

Note			Page
Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation			9
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies			11
Note 3. Accounting Developments			11
Note 4. Fair Value Disclosures			12
Note 5. Derivative Financial Instruments			25
Note 6. Collateralized Transactions			32
Note 7. Securitization Activities			35
Note 8. Variable Interest Entities			37
Note 9. Investments			41
Note 10. Credit Losses on Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost			47
Note 11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets			49
Note 12. Revenues from Contracts with Customers			51
Note 13. Compensation Plans			52
Note 14. Short-Term Borrowings			54
Note 15. Long-Term Debt			55
Note 16. Mandatorily Redeemable Convertible Preferred Shares			56
Note 17. Common Shares and Earnings Per Common Share			57
Note 18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			57
Note 19. Income Taxes			58
Note 20. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees			59
Note 21. Net Capital Requirements			61
Note 22. Segment Reporting			61
Note 23. Related Party Transactions			63

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization

Jefferies Financial Group Inc. is a U.S.-headquartered global full service, integrated investment banking and securities firm. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements represent the accounts of Jefferies Financial Group Inc. and subsidiaries (together, the “Company,” “we” or “us”). We, collectively with our consolidated subsidiaries and through our affiliates, deliver a broad range of financial services across investment banking, capital markets and asset management.

We operate in two reportable business segments: (1) Investment Banking and Capital Markets and (2) Asset Management. The Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segment includes our securities, commodities, futures and foreign exchange capital markets activities and our investment banking business, which provides underwriting and financial advisory services to our clients across most industry sectors. We operate globally in the Americas; Europe and the Middle East; and Asia. Investment Banking and Capital Markets also includes our corporate lending joint venture (“JFIN Parent LLC” or “Jefferies Finance”), our commercial real estate joint venture (“Berkadia Commercial Holding LLC” or “Berkadia”) and our automobile lending and servicing activities. The Asset Management reportable business segment provides alternative investment management services to investors in the U.S. and overseas and generates investment income from capital invested in and managed by us or our affiliated asset managers.

Jefferies Group LLC (“Jefferies Group”), our investment banking and securities firm, was historically operated as a separate consolidated subsidiary. On November 1, 2022, Jefferies Group was wholly merged into Jefferies Financial Group Inc. In addition, we have historically owned a portfolio of investments that have been reflected in our consolidated financial statements as consolidated subsidiaries, equity investments, securities or in other ways that constituted our “merchant banking” business, which were reported as part of our Merchant Banking reportable segment. During the year ended November 30, 2022 and in connection with the merger, we transferred significantly all of our Merchant Banking investments into our Asset Management reportable segment. Certain other publicly traded equity investments related to investment banking relationships were transferred from our Merchant Banking reportable segment to our Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment. These investments are now managed by the respective segment managers. Additionally, activities that were presented as part of the Corporate reportable segment are now fully allocated to either the Investment Banking and Capital Markets or Asset Management reportable segments. Prior year amounts have been revised to conform to the current segment reporting. For further information on our reportable business segments, refer to Note 22, Segment Reporting.

On January 13, 2023, our consolidated subsidiary, Vitesse Energy, Inc. (“Vitesse Energy”), issued shares measured at a total consideration of $30.6 million in exchange for acquiring all of the outstanding capital interests of Vitesse Oil, LLC (“Vitesse Oil”). Prior to the acquisition, Vitesse Oil was controlled by Jefferies Capital Partners V L.P. and Jefferies SBI USA Fund L.P. (together, “JCP Fund V”), which are private equity funds managed by a team led by our President. Simultaneously, we distributed all of our ownership interests in Vitesse Energy on a tax-free pro rata basis to all of our shareholders, resulting in a distribution of capital of $527.0 million. The distribution of Vitesse Energy resulted in a reduction at the time of spin-off of Total assets of $699.5 million, Total liabilities of $141.1 million and Total equity of $558.4 million inclusive of the distribution of capital to noncontrolling interest holders.

During the three months ended August 31, 2022, we sold all of our interests in Idaho Timber, and during the three months ended November 30, 2022, we sold our interests in the Oak Hill investment management company, registered investment adviser and general partner entity.

Reclassifications to Consolidated Financial Statements

We have made certain reclassifications within our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Earnings in connection with the merger of Jefferies Group into Jefferies Financial Group Inc. This streamlines our financial statements and better aligns the presentation of our firm with our strategy of building our investment banking and capital markets and asset management businesses and reducing our legacy merchant banking portfolio. The reclassifications including, but not limited to, the presentation of equity method earnings and interest expense within the financial statements, conform to the presentation utilized in the historical Jefferies Group LLC consolidated financial statements prior to the merger. Additionally, the presentation of asset management fees and revenues and selling, general and other expenses has been disaggregated to provide additional financial statement line item categories on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. These reclassifications have no effect on our consolidated net earnings, comprehensive income, total assets, total liabilities or total equity. These reclassifications have no effect on the net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Historical periods have been recast to conform to these reclassifications.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

The following table sets forth our Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three months ended February 28, 2022 as originally reported and as revised and presented within these consolidated financial statements as a result of the reclassifications (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended February 28, 2022
			As Originally Reported						Increases/ Decreases  due to reclassifications						As Revised
Principal transactions			$	249,155					$	(5,983)					$	243,172
Asset management fees and revenues			—						39,551						39,551
Interest			213,981						303						214,284
Other			305,300						(63,856)						241,444
Total revenues			1,942,800						(29,985)						1,912,815
Interest expense			210,885						9,088						219,973
Net revenues			1,731,915						(39,073)						1,692,842
Compensation and benefits			789,684						1,068						790,752
Interest expense			9,088						(9,088)						—
Selling, general and other expenses			285,257						(285,257)						—
Underwriting costs			—						8,128						8,128
Technology and communications			—						107,016						107,016
Occupancy and equipment rental			—						26,965						26,965
Business development			—						26,872						26,872
Professional services			—						52,742						52,742
Other expenses			—						62,466						62,466
Total expenses			1,309,598						(9,088)						1,300,510
Income (loss) related to associated companies			(29,985)						29,985						—

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022. Certain footnote disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 have been condensed or omitted from the consolidated financial statements as they are not required for interim reporting under U.S. GAAP. The consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the interim period. The results presented in our consolidated financial statements for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year.

We have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The most important of these estimates and assumptions relate to fair value measurements, compensation and benefits, goodwill and intangible assets and the accounting for income taxes. Although these and other estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information, actual results could be materially different from these estimates.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

Consolidation

Our policy is to consolidate all entities that we control by ownership of a majority of the outstanding voting stock. In addition, we consolidate entities that meet the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party who has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and who has an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. For consolidated entities that are less than wholly-owned, the third-party’s holding of equity interest is presented as Noncontrolling interests in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. The portion of net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interests is presented as Net earnings (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

In situations in which we have significant influence, but not control, of an entity that does not qualify as a VIE, we apply either the equity method of accounting or fair value accounting pursuant to the fair value option election under U.S. GAAP, with our portion of net earnings or gains and losses recorded in Other revenues or Principal transactions revenues, respectively. We also have formed nonconsolidated investment vehicles with third-party investors that are typically organized as partnerships or limited liability companies and are carried at fair value. We act as general partner or managing member for these investment vehicles and have generally provided the third-party investors with termination or “kick-out” rights.

Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022.

During the three months ended February 28, 2023, there were no significant changes made to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Note 3. Accounting Developments

Adopted Accounting Standards

Reference Rate Reform. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued guidance which provides optional exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to certain contract modifications, hedge accounting relationships or other transactions affected by reference rate reform. Our assessment of contracts with provisions based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) is ongoing and this guidance may be applied as we transition away from LIBOR.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The guidance provides for estimating credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by introducing an approach based on expected losses over the financial asset’s entire life, recorded at inception or purchase. On January 1, 2023, Berkadia, our equity method investee, adopted this guidance and applied a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption. At transition on January 1, 2023, the new accounting guidance’s adoption resulted in a decrease in retained earnings of $14.8 million, net of tax attributable to an increase in the allowance for credit losses.

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Note 4. Fair Value Disclosures

The following is a summary of our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding Investments at fair value based on net asset value (“NAV”) of $1.26 billion and $1.29 billion at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023
			Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Counterparty  and Cash Collateral Netting (1)						Total
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities			$	3,575,362					$	99,227					$	261,634					$	—					$	3,936,223
Corporate debt securities			—						4,499,406						41,793						—						4,541,199
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations			—						191,584						72,438						—						264,022
U.S. government and federal agency securities			4,828,607						33,667						—						—						4,862,274
Municipal securities			—						286,611						—						—						286,611
Sovereign obligations			750,488						959,837						—						—						1,710,325
Residential mortgage-backed securities			—						1,556,712						23,987						—						1,580,699
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			—						353,227						486						—						353,713
Other asset-backed securities			—						371,821						100,428						—						472,249
Loans and other receivables			—						1,082,976						148,673						—						1,231,649
Derivatives			1,698						2,551,146						11,898						(2,140,103)						424,639
Investments at fair value			—						4,617						157,863						—						162,480
Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV			$	9,156,155					$	11,990,831					$	819,200					$	(2,140,103)					$	19,826,083
Securities received as collateral			$	67,380					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	67,380
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities			$	2,117,652					$	19,021					$	628					$	—					$	2,137,301
Corporate debt securities			—						2,934,248						285						—						2,934,533
U.S. government and federal agency securities			2,916,046						—						—						—						2,916,046
Sovereign obligations			806,905						666,210						—						—						1,473,115
Residential mortgage-backed securities			—						78						—						—						78
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			—						17						525						—						542
Loans			—						118,074						3,045						—						121,119
Derivatives			68						3,082,153						99,229						(1,726,088)						1,455,362
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased			$	5,840,671					$	6,819,801					$	103,712					$	(1,726,088)					$	11,038,096
Other secured financings			$	—					$	—					$	1,712					$	—					$	1,712
Obligation to return securities received as collateral			67,380						—						—						—						67,380
Long-term debt			—						926,739						683,698						—						1,610,437

(1)Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty.

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			November 30, 2022
			Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Counterparty  and Cash  Collateral Netting (1)						Total
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities			$	3,117,327					$	140,157					$	240,347					$	—					$	3,497,831
Corporate debt securities			—						3,972,153						30,232						—						4,002,385
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations			—						71,640						55,824						—						127,464
U.S. government and federal agency securities			3,442,484						15,111						—						—						3,457,595
Municipal securities			—						574,903						—						—						574,903
Sovereign obligations			896,805						849,558						—						—						1,746,363
Residential mortgage-backed securities			—						1,314,199						27,617						—						1,341,816
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			—						442,471						839						—						443,310
Other asset-backed securities			—						333,164						94,677						—						427,841
Loans and other receivables			—						1,069,041						168,875						—						1,237,916
Derivatives			3,437						3,427,921						11,052						(3,093,244)						349,166
Investments at fair value			—						3,750						161,992						—						165,742
Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV			$	7,460,053					$	12,214,068					$	791,455					$	(3,093,244)					$	17,372,332
Securities received as collateral			$	100,362					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	100,362
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities			$	2,097,436					$	48,931					$	750					$	—					$	2,147,117
Corporate debt securities			—						2,337,691						500						—						2,338,191
U.S. government and federal agency securities			3,223,637						—						—						—						3,223,637
Sovereign obligations			879,909						771,125						—						—						1,651,034
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			—						—						490						—						490
Loans			—						180,147						3,164						—						183,311
Derivatives			204						4,174,082						70,576						(2,732,165)						1,512,697
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased			$	6,201,186					$	7,511,976					$	75,480					$	(2,732,165)					$	11,056,477
Other secured financings			$	—					$	—					$	1,712					$	—					$	1,712
Obligation to return securities received as collateral			100,362						—						—						—						100,362
Long-term debt			—						922,705						661,123						—						1,583,828

(1)Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty.

The following is a description of the valuation basis, including valuation techniques and inputs, used in measuring our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis:

Corporate Equity Securities

•Exchange-Traded Equity Securities: Exchange-traded equity securities are measured based on quoted closing exchange prices, which are generally obtained from external pricing services, and are categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, otherwise they are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. To the extent these securities are actively traded, valuation adjustments are not applied.

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•Non-Exchange-Traded Equity Securities: Non-exchange-traded equity securities are measured primarily using broker quotations, pricing data from external pricing services and prices observed from recently executed market transactions and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where such information is not available, non-exchange-traded equity securities are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and measured using valuation techniques involving quoted prices of or market data for comparable companies, similar company ratios and multiples (e.g., price/Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), price/book value), discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed from subsequent financing or capital issuance by the company. When using pricing data of comparable companies, judgment must be applied to adjust the pricing data to account for differences between the measured security and the comparable security (e.g., issuer market capitalization, yield, dividend rate, geographical concentration).

•Equity Warrants: Non-exchange-traded equity warrants are measured primarily from observed prices on recently executed market transactions and broker quotations and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where such information is not available, non-exchange-traded equity warrants are generally categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and can be measured using third-party valuation services or the Black-Scholes model with key inputs impacting the valuation including the underlying security price, implied volatility, dividend yield, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date.

Corporate Debt Securities

•Investment Grade Corporate Bonds: Investment grade corporate bonds are measured primarily using pricing data from external pricing services and broker quotations, where available, prices observed from recently executed market transactions and bond spreads. Investment grade corporate bonds measured using these valuation methods are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. If broker quotes, pricing data or spread data is not available, alternative valuation techniques may be used. Investment grade corporate bonds measured using alternative valuation techniques are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

•High Yield Corporate and Convertible Bonds: A significant portion of our high yield corporate and convertible bonds are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured primarily using broker quotations and pricing data from external pricing services, where available, and prices observed from recently executed market transactions of institutional size. Where pricing data is less observable, valuations are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are based on pending transactions involving the issuer or comparable issuers, prices implied from an issuer’s subsequent financing or recapitalization, models incorporating financial ratios and projected cash flows of the issuer and market prices for comparable issuers.

Collateralized Debt Obligations and Collateralized Loan Obligations

Collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) are measured based on prices observed from recently executed market transactions of the same or similar security or based on valuations received from third-party brokers or data providers and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the observability and significance of the pricing inputs. Valuation that is based on recently executed market transactions of similar securities incorporates additional review and analysis of pricing inputs and comparability criteria, including, but not limited to, collateral type, tranche type, rating, origination year, prepayment rates, default rates and loss severity.

U.S. Government and Federal Agency Securities

•U.S. Treasury Securities: U.S. Treasury securities are measured based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services and categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

•U.S. Agency Debt Securities: Callable and non-callable U.S. agency debt securities are measured primarily based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services and are generally categorized within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Municipal Securities

Municipal securities are measured based on quoted prices obtained from external pricing services, where available, or recently executed independent transactions of comparable size and are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Sovereign Obligations

Sovereign government obligations are measured based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services, where available, or recently executed independent transactions of comparable size. Sovereign government obligations, with consideration given to the country of issuance, are generally categorized within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities

•Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (“RMBS”): Agency RMBS include mortgage pass-through securities (fixed and adjustable rate), collateralized mortgage obligations and principal-only and interest-only (including inverse interest-only) securities. Agency RMBS are generally measured using recent transactions, pricing data from external pricing services or expected future cash flow techniques that incorporate prepayment models and other prepayment assumptions to amortize the underlying mortgage loan collateral and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We use prices observed from recently executed transactions to develop market-clearing spread and yield assumptions. Valuation inputs with regard to the underlying collateral incorporate factors such as weighted average coupon, loan-to-value, credit scores, geographic location, maximum and average loan size, originator, servicer and weighted average loan age.

•Non-Agency RMBS: The fair value of non-agency RMBS is determined primarily using pricing data from external pricing services, where available, and discounted cash flow methodologies and securities are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy based on the observability and significance of the pricing inputs used. Performance attributes of the underlying mortgage loans are evaluated to estimate pricing inputs, such as prepayment rates, default rates and the severity of credit losses. Attributes of the underlying mortgage loans that affect the pricing inputs include, but are not limited to, weighted average coupon; average and maximum loan size; loan-to-value; credit scores; documentation type; geographic location; weighted average loan age; originator; servicer; historical prepayment, default and loss severity experience of the mortgage loan pool; and delinquency rate. Yield curves used in the discounted cash flow models are based on observed market prices for comparable securities and published interest rate data to estimate market yields. In addition, broker quotes, where available, are also referenced to compare prices primarily on interest-only securities.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities

•Agency Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”): Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) project loan bonds are measured based on inputs corroborated from and benchmarked to observed prices of recent securitization transactions of similar securities with adjustments incorporating an evaluation of various factors, including prepayment speeds, default rates and cash flow structures. Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) mortgage-backed securities are generally measured by using prices observed from recently executed market transactions to estimate market-clearing spread levels for purposes of estimating fair value. Ginnie Mae project loan bonds and Fannie Mae DUS mortgage-backed securities are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

•Non-Agency CMBS: Non-agency CMBS are measured using pricing data obtained from external pricing services, prices observed from recently executed market transactions or based on expected cash flow models that incorporate underlying loan collateral characteristics and performance. Non-Agency CMBS are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the observability of the underlying inputs.

Other Asset-Backed Securities

Other asset-backed securities (“ABS”) include, but are not limited to, securities backed by auto loans, credit card receivables, student loans and other consumer loans and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Valuations are primarily determined using pricing data obtained from external pricing services, broker quotes and prices observed from recently executed market transactions. In addition, recent transaction data from comparable deals is deployed to develop market clearing yields and cumulative loss assumptions. The cumulative loss assumptions are based on the analysis of the underlying collateral and comparisons to earlier deals from the same issuer to gauge the relative performance of the deal.

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Loans and Other Receivables

•Corporate Loans: Corporate loans categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on market consensus pricing service quotations. Where available, market price quotations from external pricing services are reviewed to ensure they are supported by transaction data. Corporate loans categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on price quotations that are considered to be less transparent. Price quotations are derived using market prices for debt securities of the same creditor and estimates of future cash flows. Future cash flows use assumptions regarding creditor default and recovery rates, credit rating, effective yield and consideration of the issuer’s capital structure.

•Participation Certificates in Agency Residential Loans: Valuations of participation certificates in agency residential loans are based on observed market prices of recently executed purchases and sales of similar loans and data provider pricing. The loan participation certificates are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and volume of recently executed transactions and availability of data provider pricing.

•Project Loans and Participation Certificates in Ginnie Mae Project and Construction Loans: Valuations of participation certificates in Ginnie Mae project and construction loans are based on inputs corroborated from and benchmarked to observed prices of recent securitizations with similar underlying loan collateral to derive an implied spread. Securitization prices are adjusted to estimate the fair value of the loans to account for the arbitrage that is realized at the time of securitization. The measurements are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and volume of recently executed transactions.

•Consumer Loans and Funding Facilities: Consumer and small business whole loans and related funding facilities are valued based on observed market transactions and incorporating valuation inputs including, but not limited to, delinquency and default rates, prepayment rates, borrower characteristics, loan risk grades and loan age. These assets are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

•Escrow and Claim Receivables: Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is based on recent observations in the same receivable. Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is estimated based on reference to market prices and implied yields of debt securities of the same or similar issuers.

Derivatives

•Listed Derivative Contracts: Listed derivative contracts that are actively traded are measured based on quoted exchange prices, broker quotes or vanilla option valuation models, such as Black-Scholes, using observable valuation inputs from the principal market or consensus pricing services. Exchange quotes and/or valuation inputs are generally obtained from external vendors and pricing services. Broker quotes are validated directly through observable and tradeable quotes. Listed derivative contracts that use exchange close prices are generally categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. All other listed derivative contracts are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

•Over-the-Counter (“OTC”) Derivative Contracts: OTC derivative contracts are generally valued using models, whose inputs reflect assumptions that we believe market participants would use in valuing the derivative in a current transaction. Where available, valuation inputs are calibrated from observable market data. For many OTC derivative contracts, the valuation models do not involve material subjectivity as the methodologies do not entail significant judgment and the inputs to valuation models do not involve a high degree of subjectivity as the valuation model inputs are readily observable or can be derived from actively quoted markets. OTC derivative contracts are primarily categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and significance of the inputs to the valuation models. Where significant inputs to the valuation are unobservable, derivative instruments are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

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OTC options include OTC equity, foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity options measured using various valuation models, such as Black-Scholes, with key inputs including the underlying security price, foreign exchange spot rate, commodity price, implied volatility, dividend yield, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date. Discounted cash flow models are utilized to measure certain OTC derivative contracts including the valuations of our interest rate swaps, which incorporate observable inputs related to interest rate curves, valuations of our foreign exchange forwards and swaps, which incorporate observable inputs related to foreign currency spot rates and forward curves and valuations of our commodity swaps and forwards, which incorporate observable inputs related to commodity spot prices and forward curves. Credit default swaps include both index and single-name credit default swaps. Where available, external data is used in measuring index credit default swaps and single-name credit default swaps. For commodity and equity total return swaps, market prices are generally observable for the underlying asset and used as the basis for measuring the fair value of the derivative contracts. Total return swaps executed on other underlyings are measured based on valuations received from external pricing services.

Investments at Fair Value

Investments at fair value includes investments in hedge funds and private equity funds, which are measured at the NAV of the funds, provided by the fund managers and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Investments at fair value also include direct equity investments in private companies, which are measured at fair value using valuation techniques involving quoted prices of or market data for comparable companies, similar company ratios and multiples (e.g., price/EBITDA, price/book value), discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed for subsequent financing or capital issuance by the company. Direct equity investments in private companies are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present information about our investments in entities that have the characteristics of an investment company (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023
			Fair Value (1)						Unfunded Commitments
Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)			$	460,061					$	—
Equity Funds (3)			47,218						27,598
Commodity Funds (4)			22,894						—
Multi-asset Funds (5)			349,719						20,000
Other Funds (6)			377,035						145,388
Total			$	1,256,927					$	192,986

			November 30, 2022
			Fair Value (1)						Unfunded Commitments
Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2)			$	441,229					$	—
Equity Funds (3)			73,176						36,861
Commodity Funds (4)			24,283						—
Multi-asset Funds (5)			401,655						—
Other Funds (6)			353,621						53,994
Total			$	1,293,964					$	90,855

(1)Where fair value is calculated based on NAV, fair value has been derived from each of the funds’ capital statements.

(2)Includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in both public and private equity securities in domestic and international markets. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, approximately 56% and 58%, respectively, are redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice and approximately 6% and 6%, respectively, are redeemable quarterly with 60 days prior written notice. The remaining balance at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 cannot be redeemed because these investments include restrictions that do not allow for redemption before November 30, 2023 or August 31, 2025.

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(3)Includes investments in equity funds that invest in the equity of various U.S. and foreign private companies in a broad range of industries. These investments cannot be redeemed; instead, distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds which are primarily expected to be liquidated in approximately one to twelve years.

(4)Includes investments in a hedge fund that invests, long and short, primarily in commodities. These investments are redeemable quarterly with 60 days prior written notice.

(5)Includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in multi-asset securities in domestic and international markets in both the public and private sectors. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, investments representing approximately 78% and 78%, respectively, of the fair value of investments are redeemable monthly with 60 days prior written notice. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, approximately 13% and 15%, respectively, of the fair value of investments are redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice.

(6)Primarily includes investments in a fund that invests in short-term trade receivables and payables that are expected to generally be outstanding between 90 to 120 days and short-term credit instruments, as well as investments in a fund that invests, long and short, in distressed and special situations credit strategies across sectors and asset types. Investments in this category are primarily redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice.

Securities Received as Collateral / Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral

In connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities and are permitted to sell or repledge the securities received as collateral, we report the fair value of the collateral received and the related obligation to return the collateral. Valuation is based on the price of the underlying security and is categorized within the corresponding leveling guidance above. These financial instruments are typically categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other Secured Financings

Other secured financings that are accounted for at fair value are classified within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is based on estimates of future cash flows incorporating assumptions regarding recovery rates.

Long-term Debt

Long-term debt includes variable rate, fixed-to-floating rate, equity-linked notes, constant maturity swap, digital and Bermudan structured notes. These are valued using various valuation models that incorporate our own credit spread, market price quotations from external pricing sources referencing the appropriate interest rate curves, volatilities and other inputs as well as prices for transactions in a given note during the period. Long-term debt notes are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy where market trades have been observed during the period or model pricing is available, otherwise the notes are categorized within Level 3.

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Level 3 Rollforwards

The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended February 28, 2023 (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended February 28, 2023
			Balance at November 30, 2022						Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)						Purchases						Sales						Settlements						Issuances						Net transfers into/ (out of) Level 3						Balance at February 28, 2023						For instruments still held at  February 28, 2023, changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in:
																																																			Earnings (1)						Other comprehensive income  (loss) (1)
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities			$	240,347					$	17,688					$	—					$	(297)					$	—					$	—					$	3,896					$	261,634					$	17,648					$	—
Corporate debt securities			30,232						(1,715)						3,147						(7,305)						(200)						—						17,634						41,793						(1,834)						—
CDOs and CLOs			55,824						4,810						36,441						(15,666)						(8,971)						—						—						72,438						(2,985)						—
RMBS			27,617						(3,605)						—						—						(25)						—						—						23,987						(2,868)						—
CMBS			839						(353)						—						—						—						—						—						486						(356)						—
Other ABS			94,677						(2,940)						13,740						—						(5,959)						—						910						100,428						(1,716)						—
Loans and other receivables			168,875						446						3,267						(10,160)						(8)						—						(13,747)						148,673						38						—
Investments at fair value			161,992						(2,636)						5,637						(2,420)						(4,710)						—						—						157,863						(2,636)						—
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities			$	750					$	(135)					$	—					$	13					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	628					$	135					$	—
Corporate debt securities			500						(28)						(187)						—						—						—						—						285						28						—
CMBS			490						—						—						35						—						—						—						525						525						—
Loans			3,164						120						(211)						—						—						—						(28)						3,045						(199)						—
Net derivatives (2)			59,524						9,713						—						127						(537)						—						18,504						87,331						(10,352)						—
Other secured financings			1,712						—						—						—						—						—						—						1,712						—						—
Long-term debt			661,123						19,877						—						—						—						203						2,495						683,698						15,593						(35,470)

(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are included in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.

(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.

Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2023

During the three months ended February 28, 2023, transfers of assets of $39.8 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:

•Corporate debt securities of $17.7 million, Loans and other receivables of $13.9 million, Corporate equity securities of $4.3 million and Other ABS of $3.9 million due to reduced pricing transparency.

During the three months ended February 28, 2023, transfers of assets of $31.1 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:

•Loans and other receivables of $27.7 million and Other ABS of $3.0 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.

During the three months ended February 28, 2023, transfers of liabilities of $58.2 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:

•Net derivatives of $34.1 million and Structured notes within Long-term debt of $24.1 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency.

During the three months ended February 28, 2023, transfers of liabilities of $37.2 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:

•Structured notes within Long-term debt of $21.6 million and Net derivatives of $15.6 million due to greater pricing and market transparency.

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Net gains on Level 3 assets were $11.7 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $29.5 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across Corporate equity securities and CDOs and CLOs, partially offset by decreases in RMBS, Other ABS, Investments at fair value and Corporate debt securities. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of structured notes within Long-term debt and certain derivatives.

The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended February 28, 2022 (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended February 28, 2022
			Balance at November 30, 2021						Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1)						Purchases						Sales						Settlements						Issuances						Net transfers into/ (out of) Level 3						Balance at February 28, 2022						For instruments still held at February 28, 2022, changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in:
																																																			Earnings (1)						Other comprehensive income  (loss) (1)
Assets:
Financial instruments owned:
Corporate equity securities			$	118,489					$	(6,538)					$	2,079					$	(706)					$	(651)					$	—					$	23,729					$	136,402					$	(7,297)					$	—
Corporate debt securities			11,803						(1,176)						118,970						(103,602)						(9)						—						16,372						42,358						(1,929)						—
CDOs and CLOs			31,946						(671)						13,523						(7,740)						(1,643)						—						9,804						45,219						(906)						—
RMBS			1,477						(69)						—						(187)						(35)						—						—						1,186						(44)						—
CMBS			2,333						1,177						—						—						—						—						222						3,732						1,655						—
Other ABS			93,524						2,033						11,588						(14,485)						(14,269)						—						(16,009)						62,382						(3,661)						—
Loans and other receivables			178,417						(3,707)						10,554						(13,078)						—						—						11,904						184,090						(2,956)						—
Investments at fair value			154,373						32,034						14,249						(6,826)						(615)						—						(23,407)						169,808						28,557						—
Liabilities:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate equity securities			$	4,635					$	(3,447)					$	(812)					$	5,050					$	—					$	—					$	240					$	5,666					$	3,447					$	—
Corporate debt securities			482						(8,866)						(63,714)						66,976						—						—						12,430						7,308						5,210						—
CMBS			210						—						—						105						—						—						—						315						—						—
Loans			9,925						372						(4,637)						—						—						—						—						5,660						(781)						—
Net derivatives (2)			67,769						(54,836)						—						—						—						35,069						(232)						47,770						53,352						—
Other secured financings			25,905						—						—						—						—						6,472						—						32,377						—						—
Long-term debt			881,732						(92,871)						—						—						—						23,753						(18,154)						794,460						60,739						32,132

(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are included in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.

(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives.

Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2022

During the three months ended February 28, 2022, transfers of assets of $63.1 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:

•CDOs and CLOs of $18.8 million, Loans and other receivables of $14.4 million, Other ABS of $12.9 million, Corporate debt securities of $9.4 million and Corporate equity securities of $7.4 million due to reduced pricing transparency.

During the three months ended February 28, 2022, transfers of assets of $40.5 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:

•Other ABS of $28.9 million, CDOs and CLOs of $9.0 million and Loans and other receivables of $2.4 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.

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During the three months ended February 28, 2022, transfers of liabilities of $66.4 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:

•Net derivatives of $27.9 million, structured notes within Long-term debt of $25.8 million and Corporate debt securities of $12.4 million due to reduced pricing and market transparency.

During the three months ended February 28, 2022, transfers of liabilities of $72.1 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:

•Structured notes within Long-term debt of $44.0 million and Net derivatives of $28.1 million due to greater pricing transparency.

Net gains on Level 3 assets were $23.1 million and net gains on Level 3 liabilities were $159.6 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across Investments at fair value and Corporate equity securities, partially offset by decreases in Loans and other receivables. Net gains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to decreased valuations of structured notes within Long-term debt, certain derivatives and Corporate debt securities.

Quantitative Information about Significant Unobservable Inputs used in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022

The tables below present information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for our financial assets and liabilities, subject to threshold levels related to the market value of the positions held, measured at fair value on a recurring basis with a significant Level 3 balance. The range of unobservable inputs could differ significantly across different firms given the range of products across different firms in the financial services sector. The inputs are not representative of the inputs that could have been used in the valuation of any one financial instrument (i.e., the input used for valuing one financial instrument within a particular class of financial instruments may not be appropriate for valuing other financial instruments within that given class). Additionally, the ranges of inputs presented below should not be construed to represent uncertainty regarding the fair values of our financial instruments; rather, the range of inputs is reflective of the differences in the underlying characteristics of the financial instruments in each category.

For certain categories, we have provided a weighted average of the inputs allocated based on the fair values of the financial instruments comprising the category. We do not believe that the range or weighted average of the inputs is indicative of the reasonableness of uncertainty of our Level 3 fair values. The range and weighted average are driven by the individual financial instruments within each category and their relative distribution in the population. The disclosed inputs when compared with the inputs as disclosed in other periods should not be expected to necessarily be indicative of changes in our estimates of unobservable inputs for a particular financial instrument as the population of financial instruments comprising the category will vary from period to period based on purchases and sales of financial instruments during the period as well as transfers into and out of Level 3 each period.

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February 28, 2023
Financial Instruments Owned:						Fair Value (in thousands)						Valuation Technique						Significant Unobservable Input(s)						Input / Range												Weighted Average
Corporate equity securities						$	261,634
Non-exchange-traded securities												Market approach						Price						$0			-			$325						$42
Corporate debt securities						$	41,793					Market approach						EBITDA multiple						4.2												—
																		Price						$1			-			$47						$33
												Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						5		%	-			64%						62%
CDOs and CLOs						$	72,438					Discounted cash flows						Constant prepayment rate						20%												—
																		Constant default rate						2%												—
																		Loss severity						30%												—
																		Discount rate/yield						15		%	-			22%						19%
												Market approach						Price						$50			-			$100						$86
												Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						69%												—
CMBS						$	486					Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						28%												—
Other ABS						$	84,763					Discounted cash flows						Discount rate/yield						7		%	-			20%						17%
																		Cumulative loss rate						6		%	-			27%						19%
																		Duration (years)						1.0			-			2.1						1.7
												Market approach						Price						$100												—
Loans and other receivables						$	148,673					Market approach						Price						$1			-			$147						$85
												Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						0		%	-			73%						26%
Investments at fair value						$	154,709
Private equity securities												Market approach						Price						$1			-			$14,919						$534
																		Discount rate/yield						27%												—
																		Revenue						$30,425,783												—
Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:
Corporate debt securities						$	285					Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						7%												—
Derivatives						$	94,624
Equity options												Volatility benchmarking						Volatility						27		%	-			78%						56%
Other secured financings						$	1,712					Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						9		%	-			30%						23%
Long-term debt
Structured notes						$	683,698					Market approach						Price						$53			-			$97						$75
																		Price						€55			-			€101						€80

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November 30, 2022
Financial Instruments Owned:						Fair Value (in thousands)						Valuation Technique						Significant Unobservable Input(s)						Input / Range												Weighted Average
Corporate equity securities						$	240,347
Non-exchange-traded securities												Market approach						Price						$0			-			$325						$43
Corporate debt securities						$	30,232					Market approach						Price						$48			-			$82						$65
																		EBITDA multiple						4.2												—
												Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						7%												—
CDOs and CLOs						$	55,824					Discounted cash flows						Constant prepayment rate						20%												—
																		Constant default rate						2		%	-			3%						2%
																		Loss severity						30		%	-			40%						32%
																		Discount rate/yield						18		%	-			23%						22%
												Market approach						Price						$67			-			$102						$89
												Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						69%												—
CMBS						$	839					Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						45%												—
Other ABS						$	55,858					Discounted cash flows						Discount rate/yield						6		%	-			20%						17%
																		Cumulative loss rate						8		%	-			22%						19%
																		Duration (years)						0.8			-			1.6						1.2
Loans and other receivables						$	168,875					Market approach						Price						$1			-			$150						$82
												Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						6		%	-			78%						30%
Investments at fair value						$	159,304
Private equity securities												Market approach						Price						$0			-			$14,919						$604
																		Discount rate/yield						23%												—
																		Revenue						$30,194,338												—
Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased:
Derivatives						$	65,841
Equity options												Volatility benchmarking						Volatility						26		%	-			75%						51%
Other secured financings						$	1,712					Scenario analysis						Estimated recovery percentage						9		%	-			30%						23%
Long-term debt						$	661,123
Structured notes												Market approach						Price						$51			-			$97						$64
																		Price						€59			-			€99						€77

The fair values of certain Level 3 assets and liabilities that were determined based on third-party pricing information, unadjusted past transaction prices or a percentage of the reported enterprise fair value are excluded from the above tables. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, asset exclusions consisted of $54.7 million and $80.2 million, respectively, primarily comprised of other ABS, certain derivatives, corporate equity securities, loans and other receivables and RMBS. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, liability exclusions consisted of $8.8 million and $9.6 million, respectively, primarily comprised of certain derivatives, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs and CMBS.

Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurement from Use of Significant Unobservable Inputs

For recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the uncertainty of the fair value measurement due to the use of significant unobservable inputs and interrelationships between those unobservable inputs (if any) are described below:

•Non-exchange-traded securities, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, other ABS, loans and other receivables, private equity securities and structured notes using a market approach valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in the price of the private equity securities, non-exchange-traded securities, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, other ABS, loans and other receivables and structured notes would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate/yield related to private equity securities would result in a lower (higher) fair value. A significant increase (decrease) in revenue related to private equity securities would result in a higher (lower) fair value. A significant increase (decrease) in the EBITDA multiple related to corporate debt securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

•Corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, loans and other receivables, CMBS and other secured financings using scenario analysis. A significant increase (decrease) in the possible recovery rates of the cash flow outcomes underlying the financial instrument would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement for the financial instrument.

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•CDOs and CLOs and other ABS using a discounted cash flow valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in isolation in the constant default rate, loss severity or cumulative loss rate would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The impact of changes in the constant prepayment rate and duration would have differing impacts depending on the capital structure and type of security. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate/security yield would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

•Derivative equity options using volatility benchmarking. A significant increase (decrease) in volatility would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

Fair Value Option Election

We have elected the fair value option for all loans and loan commitments made by our investment banking and capital markets businesses. These loans and loan commitments include loans entered into by our investment banking division in connection with client bridge financing and loan syndications, loans purchased by our leveraged credit trading desk as part of its bank loan trading activities and mortgage and consumer loan commitments, purchases and fundings in connection with mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitization activities. Loans and loan commitments originated or purchased by our leveraged credit and mortgage-backed businesses are managed on a fair value basis. Loans are included in Financial instruments owned and loan commitments are included in Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The fair value option election is not applied to loans made to affiliate entities as such loans are entered into as part of ongoing, strategic business ventures. Loans to affiliate entities are included in Investments in and loans to related parties in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are accounted for on an amortized cost basis. We have also elected the fair value option for certain of our structured notes which are managed by our investment banking and capital markets businesses and are included in Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We have elected the fair value option for certain financial instruments held by subsidiaries as the investments are risk managed by us on a fair value basis. The fair value option has been elected for certain other secured financings that arise in connection with our securitization activities and other structured financings. Other secured financings, Receivables—Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations, Receivables—Customers, Receivables—Fees, interest and other, Payables—Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations and Payables—Customers, are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest rather than at fair value; however, the recorded amounts approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature, except for our automobile loans. See Note 10, Credit Losses on Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost, for further details on our automobile loans.

The following is a summary of gains (losses) due to changes in fair value related to instrument-specific credit risk on loans, other receivables and debt instruments and gains (losses) due to other changes in fair value on Long-term debt measured at fair value under the fair value option (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Financial instruments owned:
Loans and other receivables			$	7,454					$	(2,287)
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Loans			$	—					$	1,548
Long-term debt:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk (1)			$	(71,660)					$	51,248
Other changes in fair value (2)			45,825						94,551

(1)Changes in fair value of structured notes related to instrument-specific credit risk are included in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, net of tax.

(2)Other changes in fair value are included in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

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The following is a summary of the amounts by which contractual principal is greater than (less than) fair value for loans and other receivables, Other secured financings and Long-term debt measured at fair value under the fair value option (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Financial instruments owned:
Loans and other receivables (1)			$	2,283,130					$	2,144,632
Loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due (1) (2)			373,852						181,766
Long-term debt			347,104						369,990
Other secured financings			3,563						3,563

(1)Interest income is recognized separately from other changes in fair value and is included in Interest revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

(2)Amounts include loans and other receivables 90 days or greater past due by which contractual principal exceeds fair value of $70.7 million and $83.4 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively.

The aggregate fair value of loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due was $93.7 million and $69.2 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, which includes loans and other receivables 90 days or greater past due of $41.7 million and $65.1 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain assets were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are not included in the tables above. Impairment losses for the three months ended February 28, 2023 attributable to an equity method investment were $22.1 million and were recognized in Other revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The assets of the equity method investment were included within the Asset Management reportable business segment. The fair values of these assets were $24.2 million at February 28, 2023 and were categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Fair value was based on a discounted cash flow analysis, which included management’s projections of future Golden Queen Mining Company, LLC (“Golden Queen”) cash flows using discount rates ranging from 10.2% to 14.8% with a weighted average of 11.0%. See Note 9, Investments for additional details.

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

Certain of our financial instruments are not carried at fair value but are recorded at amounts that approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk. These financial assets include Cash and cash equivalents and Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations and would generally be presented within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we had equity securities without readily determinable fair values, which we account for at cost, minus impairment, of $54.1 million and $37.0 million, respectively. Net losses of $33.2 million were recognized on these investments during three months ended February 28, 2023. There were no impairments on these investments during the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Note 5. Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

Our derivative activities are recorded at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition in Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, net of cash paid or received under credit support agreements and on a net counterparty basis when a legally enforceable right to offset exists under a master netting agreement. We enter into derivative transactions to satisfy the needs of our clients and to manage our own exposure to market and credit risks. In addition, we apply hedge accounting to (1) interest rate swaps that have been designated as fair value hedges of the changes in fair value due to the benchmark interest rate for certain fixed rate senior long-term debt, and (2) forward foreign exchange contracts designated as hedges to offset the change in the value of certain net investments in foreign operations.

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See Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, and Note 20, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, for additional disclosures about derivative financial instruments.

Derivatives are subject to various risks similar to other financial instruments, including market, credit and operational risk. The risks of derivatives should not be viewed in isolation, but rather should be considered on an aggregate basis along with our other trading-related activities. We manage the risks associated with derivatives on an aggregate basis along with the risks associated with proprietary trading as part of our firm wide risk management policies.

In connection with our derivative activities, we may enter into International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. master netting agreements or similar agreements with counterparties. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 for additional information regarding the offsetting of derivative contracts.

The following tables present the fair value and related number of derivative contracts at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 categorized by type of derivative contract and the platform on which these derivatives are transacted. The fair value of assets/liabilities represents our receivable/payable for derivative financial instruments, gross of counterparty netting and cash collateral received and pledged. The following tables also provide information regarding (1) the extent to which, under enforceable master netting arrangements, such balances are presented net in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as appropriate under U.S. GAAP and (2) the extent to which other rights of setoff associated with these arrangements exist and could have an effect on our financial position (in thousands, except contract amounts).

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			February 28, 2023 (1)
			Assets												Liabilities
			Fair Value						Number of Contracts (2)						Fair Value						Number of Contracts (2)
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
Interest rate contracts:
Cleared OTC			$	525					2						$	140					1
Foreign exchange contracts:
Bilateral OTC			63						2						54,881						3
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges			588												55,021
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
Interest rate contracts:
Exchange-traded			1,656						45,044						52						54,889
Cleared OTC			97,024						4,209						74,481						4,159
Bilateral OTC			1,143,209						519						1,665,049						1,348
Foreign exchange contracts:
Exchange-traded			—						—						—						1
Bilateral OTC			184,940						1,334						143,085						1,262
Equity contracts:
Exchange-traded			743,321						1,140,052						459,549						1,081,464
Bilateral OTC			363,189						5,680						756,402						6,115
Commodity contracts:
Exchange-traded			23						826						22						781
Credit contracts:
Cleared OTC			13,176						76						13,942						63
Bilateral OTC			17,616						21						13,847						11
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges			2,564,154												3,126,429
Total gross derivative assets/ liabilities:
Exchange-traded			745,000												459,623
Cleared OTC			110,725												88,563
Bilateral OTC			1,709,017												2,633,264
Amounts offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (3):
Exchange-traded			(451,778)												(451,778)
Cleared OTC			(87,750)												(88,558)
Bilateral OTC			(1,600,575)												(1,185,752)
Net amounts per Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (4)			$	424,639											$	1,455,362

(1)Exchange-traded derivatives include derivatives executed on an organized exchange. Cleared OTC derivatives include derivatives executed bilaterally and subsequently novated to and cleared through central clearing counterparties. Bilateral OTC derivatives include derivatives executed and settled bilaterally without the use of an organized exchange or central clearing counterparty.

(2)Number of exchange-traded contracts may include open futures contracts. The unsettled fair value of these futures contracts is included in Receivables from/Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

(3)Amounts netted include both netting by counterparty and for cash collateral paid or received.

(4)We have not received or pledged additional collateral under master netting agreements and/or other credit support agreements that is eligible to be offset beyond what has been offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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			November 30, 2022 (1)
			Assets												Liabilities
			Fair Value						Number of Contracts (2)						Fair Value						Number of Contracts (2)
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
Interest rate contracts:
Cleared OTC			$	—					—						$	217,922					3
Foreign exchange contracts:
Bilateral OTC			—						—						57,875						5
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges			—												275,797
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
Interest rate contracts:
Exchange-traded			3,297						49,736						123						36,085
Cleared OTC			655,140						3,843						452,570						4,203
Bilateral OTC			1,044,632						772						1,573,975						704
Foreign exchange contracts:
Exchange-traded			—						2						—						1
Bilateral OTC			287,594						2,398						251,339						2,428
Equity contracts:
Exchange-traded			1,074,134						1,323,637						864,804						1,338,129
Bilateral OTC			348,611						5,201						800,230						5,543
Commodity contracts:
Exchange-traded			37						597						19						607
Bilateral OTC			4,327						5						4,874						3
Credit contracts:
Cleared OTC			8,364						51						7,742						35
Bilateral OTC			16,274						9						13,389						8
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges			3,442,410												3,969,065
Total gross derivative assets/liabilities:
Exchange-traded			1,077,468												864,946
Cleared OTC			663,504												678,234
Bilateral OTC			1,701,438												2,701,682
Amounts offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (3):
Exchange-traded			(858,921)												(858,921)
Cleared OTC			(655,969)												(657,192)
Bilateral OTC			(1,578,354)												(1,216,052)
Net amounts per Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (4)			$	349,166											$	1,512,697

(1)Exchange-traded derivatives include derivatives executed on an organized exchange. Cleared OTC derivatives include derivatives executed bilaterally and subsequently novated to and cleared through central clearing counterparties. Bilateral OTC derivatives include derivatives executed and settled bilaterally without the use of an organized exchange or central clearing counterparty.

(2)Number of exchange-traded contracts may include open futures contracts. The unsettled fair value of these futures contracts is included in Receivables from/Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

(3)Amounts netted include both netting by counterparty and for cash collateral paid or received.

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(4)We have not received or pledged additional collateral under master netting agreements and/or other credit support agreements that is eligible to be offset beyond what has been offset in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The following table provides information related to gains (losses) recognized in Interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to fair value hedges (in thousands):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
Gains (Losses)															2023						2022
Interest rate swaps															$	(37,549)					$	(43,998)
Long-term debt															26,240						50,542
Total															$	(11,309)					$	6,544

The following table provides information related to gains (losses) on our net investment hedges recognized in Currency translation and other adjustments, a component of Other comprehensive income (loss), in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in thousands):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
Gains (Losses)															2023						2022
Foreign exchange contracts															$	3,057					$	(10,938)
Total															$	3,057					$	(10,938)

The following table presents unrealized and realized gains (losses) on derivative contracts recognized primarily in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings, which are utilized in connection with our client activities and our economic risk management activities (in thousands):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
Gains (Losses)															2023						2022
Interest rate contracts															$	55,824					$	(41,592)
Foreign exchange contracts															(1,899)						2,624
Equity contracts															(32,608)						210,937
Commodity contracts															(398)						(34,305)
Credit contracts															(484)						4,432
Total															$	20,435					$	142,096

The net gains (losses) on derivative contracts in the table above are one of a number of activities comprising our business activities and are before consideration of economic hedging transactions, which generally offset the net gains (losses) included above. We substantially mitigate our exposure to market risk on our cash instruments through derivative contracts, which generally provide offsetting revenues, and we manage the risk associated with these contracts in the context of our overall risk management framework.

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OTC Derivatives. The following tables set forth by remaining contract maturity the fair value of OTC derivative assets and liabilities at February 28, 2023 (in thousands):

			OTC Derivative Assets (1) (2) (3)
			0 – 12 Months						1 – 5 Years						Greater Than 5 Years						Cross-Maturity Netting (4)						Total
Equity options and forwards			$	81,930					$	6,630					$	—					$	(385)					$	88,175
Credit default swaps			—						8,363						—						(3)						8,360
Total return swaps			87,815						15,610						71						(4,769)						98,727
Foreign currency forwards, swaps and options			78,156						8,371						—						(73)						86,454
Fixed income forwards			6,370						—						—						—						6,370
Interest rate swaps, options and forwards			172,566						839,004						31,650						(170,659)						872,561
Total			$	426,837					$	877,978					$	31,721					$	(175,889)					1,160,647
Cross product counterparty netting																											(33,289)
Total OTC derivative assets included in Financial instruments owned																											$	1,127,358

(1)At February 28, 2023, we held net exchange-traded derivative assets and other credit agreements with a fair value of $293.2 million, which are not included in this table.

(2)OTC derivative assets in the table above are gross of collateral received. OTC derivative assets are recorded net of collateral received in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At February 28, 2023, cash collateral received was $996.0 million.

(3)Derivative fair values include counterparty netting within product category.

(4)Amounts represent the netting of receivable balances with payable balances for the same counterparty within product category across maturity categories.

			OTC Derivative Liabilities (1) (2) (3)
			0 – 12 Months						1 – 5 Years						Greater Than 5 Years						Cross-Maturity Netting (4)						Total
Equity options and forwards			$	123,106					$	282,993					$	3,041					$	(385)					$	408,755
Credit default swaps			—						853						—						(3)						850
Total return swaps			54,604						126,922						—						(4,769)						176,757
Foreign currency forwards, swaps and options			91,882						7,595						—						(73)						99,404
Fixed income forwards			5,397						—						—						—						5,397
Interest rate swaps, options and forwards			152,537						752,154						613,441						(170,659)						1,347,473
Total			$	427,526					$	1,170,517					$	616,482					$	(175,889)					2,038,636
Cross product counterparty netting																											(33,289)
Total OTC derivative liabilities included in Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased																											$	2,005,347

(1)At February 28, 2023, we held net exchange-traded derivative liabilities and other credit agreements with a fair value of $32.0 million, which are not included in this table.

(2)OTC derivative liabilities in the table above are gross of collateral pledged. OTC derivative liabilities are recorded net of collateral pledged in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At February 28, 2023, cash collateral pledged was $581.9 million.

(3)Derivative fair values include counterparty netting within product category.

(4)Amounts represent the netting of receivable balances with payable balances for the same counterparty within product category across maturity categories.

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The following table presents the counterparty credit quality with respect to the fair value of our OTC derivative assets at February 28, 2023 (in thousands):

Counterparty credit quality (1):
A- or higher			$	871,305
BBB- to BBB+			110,203
BB+ or lower			88,469
Unrated			57,381
Total			$	1,127,358

(1)We utilize internal credit ratings determined by our Risk Management department. Credit ratings determined by Risk Management use methodologies that produce ratings generally consistent with those produced by external rating agencies.

Credit Related Derivative Contracts

The following tables present external credit ratings of the underlyings or referenced assets for our written credit related derivative contracts (in millions):

			February 28, 2023
			External Credit Rating
			Investment Grade						Non-investment Grade						Unrated						Total Notional
Credit protection sold:
Index credit default swaps			$	241.5					$	900.5					$	—					$	1,142.0
Single name credit default swaps			—						—						0.2						0.2

			November 30, 2022
			External Credit Rating
			Investment Grade						Non-investment Grade						Unrated						Total Notional
Credit protection sold:
Index credit default swaps			$	207.9					$	515.8					$	—					$	723.7
Single name credit default swaps			—						—						0.2						0.2

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Contingent Features

Certain of our derivative instruments contain provisions that require our debt to maintain an investment grade credit rating from each of the major credit rating agencies. If our debt were to fall below investment grade, it would be in violation of these provisions and the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request immediate payment or demand immediate and ongoing full overnight collateralization on our derivative instruments in liability positions. The following table presents the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position, the collateral amounts we have posted or received in the normal course of business and the potential collateral we would have been required to return and/or post additionally to our counterparties if the credit-risk-related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Derivative instrument liabilities with credit-risk-related contingent features			$	57.2					$	226.5
Collateral posted			(17.3)						(168.8)
Collateral received			141.8						177.4
Return of and additional collateral required in the event of a credit rating downgrade below investment grade (1)			181.6						235.0

(1)These potential outflows include initial margin received from counterparties at the execution of the derivative contract. The initial margin will be returned if counterparties elect to terminate the contract after a downgrade.

Note 6. Collateralized Transactions

Our repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending arrangements are generally recorded at cost in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which is a reasonable approximation of their fair values due to their short-term nature. We enter into secured borrowing and lending arrangements to obtain collateral necessary to effect settlement, finance inventory positions, meet customer needs or re-lend as part of our dealer operations. We monitor the fair value of the securities loaned and borrowed on a daily basis as compared with the related payable or receivable, and request additional collateral or return excess collateral, as appropriate. We pledge financial instruments as collateral under repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and other secured arrangements, including clearing arrangements. Our agreements with counterparties generally contain contractual provisions allowing the counterparty the right to sell or repledge the collateral. Pledged securities owned that can be sold or repledged by the counterparty are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, and noted parenthetically as Securities pledged in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

In instances where we receive securities as collateral in connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities and are permitted to sell or repledge the securities received as collateral, we report the fair value of the collateral received and the related obligation to return the collateral in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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The following tables set forth the carrying value of securities lending arrangements, repurchase agreements and obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value by class of collateral pledged (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023
			Securities Lending Arrangements						Repurchase Agreements						Obligation to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair Value						Total
Collateral Pledged:
Corporate equity securities			$	948,932					$	778,143					$	38,911					$	1,765,986
Corporate debt securities			526,228						3,127,564						—						3,653,792
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities			—						1,139,740						—						1,139,740
U.S. government and federal agency securities			32,577						9,715,036						28,469						9,776,082
Municipal securities			—						186,161						—						186,161
Sovereign obligations			43,410						2,294,716						—						2,338,126
Loans and other receivables			—						597,239						—						597,239
Total			$	1,551,147					$	17,838,599					$	67,380					$	19,457,126

			November 30, 2022
			Securities Lending Arrangements						Repurchase Agreements						Obligation to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair Value						Total
Collateral Pledged:
Corporate equity securities			$	967,800					$	471,581					$	—					$	1,439,381
Corporate debt securities			332,204						2,210,934						—						2,543,138
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities			—						1,192,265						—						1,192,265
U.S. government and federal agency securities			66,021						6,203,263						100,362						6,369,646
Municipal securities			—						535,619						—						535,619
Sovereign obligations			—						2,450,880						—						2,450,880
Loans and other receivables			—						538,491						—						538,491
Total			$	1,366,025					$	13,603,033					$	100,362					$	15,069,420

The following tables set forth the carrying value of securities lending arrangements, repurchase agreements and obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value, by remaining contractual maturity (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023
			Overnight and Continuous						Up to 30 Days						31-90 Days						Greater than 90 Days						Total
Securities lending arrangements			$	885,414					$	3,791					$	139,147					$	522,795					$	1,551,147
Repurchase agreements			10,015,090						1,603,521						3,789,728						2,430,260						17,838,599
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value			67,380						—						—						—						67,380
Total			$	10,967,884					$	1,607,312					$	3,928,875					$	2,953,055					$	19,457,126

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			November 30, 2022
			Overnight and Continuous						Up to 30 Days						31-90 Days						Greater than 90 Days						Total
Securities lending arrangements			$	808,472					$	—					$	273,865					$	283,688					$	1,366,025
Repurchase agreements			6,930,667						1,521,629						2,262,705						2,888,032						13,603,033
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value			100,362						—						—						—						100,362
Total			$	7,839,501					$	1,521,629					$	2,536,570					$	3,171,720					$	15,069,420

We receive securities as collateral under resale agreements, securities borrowing transactions, customer margin loans, as initial margin on certain derivative transactions and in connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities. In many instances, we are permitted by contract to rehypothecate the securities received as collateral. These securities may be used to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending transactions, satisfy margin requirements on derivative transactions or cover short positions. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, the approximate fair value of securities received as collateral by us that may be sold or repledged was $30.69 billion and $26.82 billion, respectively. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, a substantial portion of the securities received by us had been sold or repledged.

Offsetting of Securities Financing Agreements

To manage our exposure to credit risk associated with securities financing transactions, we may enter into master netting agreements and collateral arrangements with counterparties. Generally, transactions are executed under standard industry agreements, including, but not limited to, master securities lending agreements (securities lending transactions) and master repurchase agreements (repurchase transactions). See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 for additional information regarding the offsetting of securities financing agreements.

The following tables provide information regarding repurchase agreements, securities borrowing and lending arrangements and securities received as collateral, at fair value, and obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value, that are recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and (1) the extent to which, under enforceable master netting arrangements, such balances are presented net in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as appropriate under U.S. GAAP and (2) the extent to which other rights of setoff associated with these arrangements exist and could have an effect on our financial position (in thousands).

			February 28, 2023
			Gross Amounts						Netting in Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition						Net Amounts in Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition						Additional Amounts Available for Setoff (1)						Available Collateral (2)						Net Amount (3)
Assets:
Securities borrowing arrangements			$	7,620,107					$	—					$	7,620,107					$	(307,270)					$	(1,614,193)					$	5,698,644
Reverse repurchase agreements			12,284,318						(8,904,668)						3,379,650						(1,066,790)						(2,275,833)						37,027
Securities received as collateral, at fair value			67,380						—						67,380						—						(67,380)						—
Liabilities:
Securities lending arrangements			$	1,551,147					$	—					$	1,551,147					$	(307,270)					$	(1,226,507)					$	17,370
Repurchase agreements			17,838,599						(8,904,668)						8,933,931						(1,066,790)						(7,333,197)						533,944
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value			67,380						—						67,380						—						(67,380)						—

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			November 30, 2022
			Gross Amounts						Netting in Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition						Net Amounts in Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition						Additional Amounts Available for Setoff (1)						Available Collateral (2)						Net Amount (4)
Assets:
Securities borrowing arrangements			$	5,831,148					$	—					$	5,831,148					$	(285,361)					$	(1,381,404)					$	4,164,383
Reverse repurchase agreements			10,697,382						(6,150,691)						4,546,691						(550,669)						(3,954,525)						41,497
Securities received as collateral, at fair value			100,362						—						100,362						—						(100,362)						—
Liabilities:
Securities lending arrangements			$	1,366,025					$	—					$	1,366,025					$	(285,361)					$	(1,054,228)					$	26,436
Repurchase agreements			13,603,033						(6,150,691)						7,452,342						(550,669)						(6,374,480)						527,193
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value			100,362						—						100,362						—						(100,362)						—

(1)Under master netting agreements with our counterparties, we have the legal right of offset with a counterparty, which incorporates all of the counterparty’s outstanding rights and obligations under the arrangement. These balances reflect additional credit risk mitigation that is available by a counterparty in the event of a counterparty’s default, but which are not netted in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition because other netting provisions of U.S. GAAP are not met.

(2)Includes securities received or paid under collateral arrangements with counterparties that could be liquidated in the event of a counterparty default and thus offset against a counterparty’s rights and obligations under the respective repurchase agreements or securities borrowing or lending arrangements.

(3)Includes $5.59 billion of securities borrowing arrangements for which we have received securities collateral of $5.42 billion, and $495.0 million of repurchase agreements for which we have pledged securities collateral of $509.8 million, which are subject to master netting agreements, but we have not determined the agreements to be legally enforceable.

(4)Includes $4.12 billion of securities borrowing arrangements for which we have received securities collateral of $4.02 billion, and $495.2 million of repurchase agreements for which we have pledged securities collateral of $507.3 million, which are subject to master netting agreements, but we have not determined the agreements to be legally enforceable.

Cash and Securities Segregated and on Deposit for Regulatory Purposes or Deposited with Clearing and Depository Organizations

Cash and securities segregated in accordance with regulatory regulations and deposited with clearing and depository organizations totaled $1.01 billion and $0.96 billion at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. Segregated cash and securities consist of deposits in accordance with Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which subjects Jefferies LLC as a broker-dealer carrying customer accounts to requirements related to maintaining cash or qualified securities in segregated special reserve bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of its customers.

Note 7. Securitization Activities

We engage in securitization activities related to corporate loans, mortgage loans, consumer loans and mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities. In our securitization transactions, we transfer these assets to special purpose entities (“SPEs”) and act as the placement or structuring agent for the beneficial interests sold to investors by the SPE. A significant portion of our securitization transactions are the securitization of assets issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. These SPEs generally meet the criteria of VIEs; however, we generally do not consolidate the SPEs as we are not considered the primary beneficiary for these SPEs. See Note 8, Variable Interest Entities, for further discussion on VIEs and our determination of the primary beneficiary.

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We account for our securitization transactions as sales, provided we have relinquished control over the transferred assets. Transferred assets are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reflected in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings prior to the identification and isolation for securitization. Subsequently, revenues recognized upon securitization are reflected as net underwriting revenues. We generally receive cash proceeds in connection with the transfer of assets to an SPE. We may, however, have continuing involvement with the transferred assets, which is limited to retaining one or more tranches of the securitization (primarily senior and subordinated debt securities in the form of mortgage-backed and other-asset backed securities or CLOs). These securities are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are generally initially categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. For further information on fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy, refer to Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, herein, and Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022.

The following table presents activity related to our securitizations that were accounted for as sales in which we had continuing involvement (in millions):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Transferred assets			$	1,475.2					$	1,080.6
Proceeds on new securitizations			1,475.1						1,080.6
Cash flows received on retained interests			10.7						8.9

We have no explicit or implicit arrangements to provide additional financial support to these SPEs, have no liabilities related to these SPEs and do not have any outstanding derivative contracts executed in connection with these securitization activities at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022.

The following tables summarize our retained interests in SPEs where we transferred assets and have continuing involvement and received sale accounting treatment (in millions):

			February 28, 2023												November 30, 2022
Securitization Type			Total  Assets						Retained  Interests						Total  Assets						Retained  Interests
U.S. government agency RMBS			$	210.4					$	2.7					$	219.8					$	2.9
U.S. government agency CMBS			3,151.3						204.6						2,997.7						173.9
CLOs			4,553.7						34.6						5,140.5						31.9
Consumer and other loans			1,902.1						113.1						2,526.7						122.8

Total assets represent the unpaid principal amount of assets in the SPEs in which we have continuing involvement and are presented solely to provide information regarding the size of the transactions and the size of the underlying assets supporting our retained interests, and are not considered representative of the risk of potential loss. Assets retained in connection with a securitization transaction represent the fair value of the securities of one or more tranches issued by an SPE, including senior and subordinated tranches. Our risk of loss is limited to this fair value amount which is included in total Financial instruments owned in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Although not obligated, in connection with secondary market-making activities, we may make a market in the securities issued by these SPEs. In these market-making transactions, we buy these securities from and sell these securities to investors. Securities purchased through these market-making activities are not considered to be continuing involvement in these SPEs. To the extent we purchased securities through these market-making activities and we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, these securities are included in agency and non-agency mortgage-backed and asset-backed securitizations in the nonconsolidated VIEs section presented in Note 8, Variable Interest Entities.

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Note 8. Variable Interest Entities

VIEs are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party who has both (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (2) an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity.

Our variable interests in VIEs include debt and equity interests, commitments, guarantees and certain fees. Our involvement with VIEs arises primarily from:

•Purchases of securities in connection with our trading and secondary market making activities;

•Retained interests held as a result of securitization activities;

•Acting as placement agent and/or underwriter in connection with client-sponsored securitizations;

•Financing of agency and non-agency mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities;

•Acting as servicer for a fee to automobile loan financing vehicles;

•Warehouse funding arrangements for client-sponsored consumer and mortgage loan vehicles and CLOs through participation agreements, forward sale agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and revolving loan and note commitments; and

•Loans to, investments in and fees from various investment vehicles.

We determine whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE upon our initial involvement with the VIE and we reassess whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis. Our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE is based upon the facts and circumstances for each VIE and requires judgment. Our considerations in determining the VIE’s most significant activities and whether we have power to direct those activities include, but are not limited to, the VIE’s purpose and design and the risks passed through to investors, the voting interests of the VIE, management, service and/or other agreements of the VIE, involvement in the VIE’s initial design and the existence of explicit or implicit financial guarantees. In situations where we have determined that the power over the VIE’s significant activities is shared, we assess whether we are the party with the power over the most significant activities. If we are the party with the power over the most significant activities, we meet the “power” criteria of the primary beneficiary. If we do not have the power over the most significant activities or we determine that decisions require consent of each sharing party, we do not meet the “power” criteria of the primary beneficiary.

We assess our variable interests in a VIE both individually and in aggregate to determine whether we have an obligation to absorb losses of or a right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The determination of whether our variable interest is significant to the VIE requires judgment. In determining the significance of our variable interest, we consider the terms, characteristics and size of the variable interests, the design and characteristics of the VIE, our involvement in the VIE and our market-making activities related to the variable interests.

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Consolidated VIEs

The following table presents information about our consolidated VIEs at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 (in millions). The assets and liabilities in the tables below are presented prior to consolidation and thus a portion of these assets and liabilities are eliminated in consolidation.

			February 28, 2023												November 30, 2022
			Secured Funding Vehicles						Other						Secured Funding Vehicles						Other
Cash			$	—					$	3.0					$	—					$	1.4
Financial instruments owned			—						17.9						—						7.1
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (1)			1,451.9						—						1,565.0						—
Receivables from brokers (2)			—						42.1						—						15.2
Other assets (3)			848.1						94.4						798.8						88.3
Total assets			$	2,300.0					$	157.4					$	2,363.8					$	112.0
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased			$	—					$	7.2					$	—					$	5.7
Other secured financings (4)			2,281.1						—						2,289.9						—
Payables to broker dealers			—						0.7						—						—
Other liabilities (5)			5.7						56.2						4.6						37.6
Long-term debt (6)			16.8						48.8						—						24.7
Total liabilities			$	2,303.6					$	112.9					$	2,294.5					$	68.0

(1)Securities purchased under agreements to resell primarily represent amounts due under collateralized transactions on related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(2)Approximately $1.4 million of receivables from brokers at February 28, 2023 are with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(3)Approximately $6.4 million and $82.4 million of the other assets at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, represent intercompany receivables with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(4)Approximately $251.1 million and $253.8 million of the other secured financings at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, are with related consolidated entities and are eliminated in consolidation.

(5)Approximately $50.3 million and $30.9 million of the other liabilities amounts at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, are with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(6)Approximately $1.4 million of the long-term debt amount at February 28, 2023 is with related consolidated entities, which is eliminated in consolidation.

Secured Funding Vehicles. We are the primary beneficiary of asset-backed financing vehicles to which we sell agency and non-agency residential and commercial mortgage loans, and asset-backed securities pursuant to the terms of a master repurchase agreement. Our variable interests in these vehicles consist of our collateral margin maintenance obligations under the master repurchase agreement, which we manage, and retained interests in securities issued. The assets of these VIEs consist of reverse repurchase agreements, which are available for the benefit of the vehicle’s debt holders.

We are the primary beneficiary of automobile loan financing vehicles to which we transfer automobile loans, act as servicer of the automobile loans for a fee and retain equity interests in the vehicles. The assets of these VIEs primarily consist of automobile loans, which are accounted for as loans held for investment at amortized cost included within Other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The liabilities of these VIEs consist of notes issued by the VIEs, which are accounted for at amortized cost and included within Other secured financings on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and do not have recourse to our general credit. The automobile loans are pledged as collateral for the related notes and available only for the benefit of the note holders.

Other. We are the primary beneficiary of certain investment vehicles set up for the benefit of our employees. We manage and invest alongside our employees in these vehicles. The assets of these VIEs consist of private equity securities, and are available for the benefit of the entities’ equity holders. Our variable interests in these vehicles consist of equity securities. The creditors of these VIEs do not have recourse to our general credit and each such VIE’s assets are not available to satisfy any other debt.

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We are also the primary beneficiary of a real estate syndication entity that develops multi-family residential property and manages the property. The assets of the VIE consist primarily of real estate and its liabilities primarily consist of accrued expenses and long-term debt secured by the real estate property. Our variable interest in the VIE primarily consists of our limited liability company interest, a sponsor promote and development and asset management fees for managing the project.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

The following tables present information about our variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs (in millions):

			February 28, 2023
			Carrying Amount												Maximum Exposure to Loss						VIE Assets
			Assets						Liabilities
CLOs			$	193.1					$	5.4					$	2,316.3					$	7,349.8
Asset-backed vehicles			634.0						—						716.8						3,548.1
Related party private equity vehicles			5.5						—						16.0						14.4
Other investment vehicles			1,132.1						—						1,325.0						21,156.7
FXCM			82.8						—						82.8						366.6
OpNet			204.2						—						204.2						1,144.9
Total			$	2,251.7					$	5.4					$	4,661.1					$	33,580.5

			November 30, 2022
			Carrying Amount												Maximum Exposure to Loss						VIE Assets
			Assets						Liabilities
CLOs			$	133.5					$	1.4					$	1,642.5					$	7,705.3
Asset-backed vehicles			561.0						—						690.4						4,408.3
Related party private equity vehicles			24.8						—						35.5						69.1
Other investment vehicles			1,172.6						—						1,254.0						18,940.5
FXCM			94.8						—						94.8						389.6
Total			$	1,986.7					$	1.4					$	3,717.2					$	31,512.8

Our maximum exposure to loss often differs from the carrying value of the variable interests. The maximum exposure to loss is dependent on the nature of our variable interests in the VIEs and is limited to the notional amounts of certain loan and equity commitments and guarantees. Our maximum exposure to loss does not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments that may be utilized to hedge the risks associated with our variable interests and is not reduced by the amount of collateral held as part of a transaction with a VIE.

Collateralized Loan Obligations. Assets collateralizing the CLOs include bank loans, participation interests, sub-investment grade and senior secured U.S. loans, and senior secured Euro denominated corporate leveraged loans and bonds. We underwrite securities issued in CLO transactions on behalf of sponsors and provide advisory services to the sponsors. We may also sell corporate loans to the CLOs. Our variable interests in connection with CLOs where we have been involved in providing underwriting and/or advisory services consist of the following:

•Forward sale agreements whereby we commit to sell, at a fixed price, corporate loans and ownership interests in an entity holding such corporate loans to CLOs;

•Warehouse funding arrangements in the form of:

◦Participation interests in corporate loans held by CLOs and commitments to fund such participation interests;

◦Reverse repurchase agreements with collateral margin maintenance obligations and commitments to fund such reverse repurchase agreements; and

◦Senior and subordinated notes issued in connection with CLO warehousing activities.

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•Trading positions in securities issued in CLO transactions; and

•Investments in variable funding notes issued by CLOs.

Asset-Backed Vehicles. We provide financing and lending related services to certain client-sponsored VIEs in the form of revolving funding note agreements, revolving credit facilities, forward purchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. The underlying assets, which are collateralizing the vehicles, are primarily composed of unsecured consumer loans and mortgage loans. In addition, we may provide structuring and advisory services and act as an underwriter or placement agent for securities issued by the vehicles. We do not control the activities of these entities.

Related Party Private Equity Vehicles. We committed to invest in private equity funds, (the “JCP Funds”, including JCP Fund V (see Note 9, Investments)) managed by Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC (the “JCP Manager”). Additionally, we committed to invest in the general partners of the JCP Funds (the “JCP General Partners”) and the JCP Manager. Our variable interests in the JCP Funds, JCP General Partners and JCP Manager (collectively, the “JCP Entities”) consist of equity interests that, in total, provide us with limited and general partner investment returns of the JCP Funds, a portion of the carried interest earned by the JCP General Partners and a portion of the management fees earned by the JCP Manager. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, our total equity commitment in the JCP Entities was $133.0 million, of which $122.4 million and $122.4 million had been funded, respectively. The carrying value of our equity investments in the JCP Entities was $5.5 million and $24.8 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. Our exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value and unfunded equity commitment. The assets of the JCP Entities primarily consist of private equity and equity related investments.

Other Investment Vehicles. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we had equity commitments to invest $1.27 billion and $1.14 billion, respectively, in various other investment vehicles, of which $1.08 billion and $1.06 billion was funded, respectively. The carrying value of our equity investments was $1.13 billion and $1.17 billion at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. Our exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value and unfunded equity commitment. These investment vehicles have assets primarily consisting of private and public equity investments, debt instruments, trade and insurance claims and various oil and gas assets.

FXCM. We have equity interests in FXCM of $46.7 million and $59.7 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, consisting of a 50% voting interest in FXCM and rights to a majority of all distributions in respect of the equity of FXCM, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and reported within Investments in and loans to related parties in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We also have a senior secured term loan to FXCM due May 6, 2023, which is accounted for at a fair value of $36.1 million and $35.1 million, at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, and is reported within Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. FXCM is considered a VIE and our term loan and equity interest are variable interests. The assets of FXCM primarily consist of brokerage receivables and other financial instruments and operating assets as part of FXCM’s foreign exchange trading business.

OpNet. We hold various investments in OpNet (formerly known as Linkem), including approximately 47.4% of the common shares and 50% of the voting rights, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and reported within Investments in and loans to related parties in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Refer to Note 9, Investments, for further discussion. As a result of a reconsideration event during the three months ended February 28, 2023, OpNet was determined to be a VIE. The assets of OpNet primarily consist of network and equipment and wireless spectrum licenses.

Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Secured Funding Vehicles. In connection with our secondary trading and market-making activities, we buy and sell agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities, which are issued by third-party securitization SPEs and are generally considered variable interests in VIEs. Securities issued by securitization SPEs are backed by residential mortgage loans, U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage loans, CDOs and CLOs and other consumer loans, such as installment receivables, automobile loans and student loans. These securities are accounted for at fair value and included in Financial instruments owned in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We have no other involvement with the related SPEs and therefore do not consolidate these entities.

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We also engage in underwriting, placement and structuring activities for third-party-sponsored securitization trusts generally through agency (Fannie Mae, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) or Ginnie Mae) or non-agency-sponsored SPEs and may purchase loans or mortgage-backed securities from third-parties that are subsequently transferred into the securitization trusts. The securitizations are backed by residential and commercial mortgage, home equity and automobile loans. We do not consolidate agency-sponsored securitizations as we do not have the power to direct the activities of the SPEs that most significantly impact their economic performance. Further, we are not the servicer of non-agency-sponsored securitizations and therefore do not have power to direct the most significant activities of the SPEs and accordingly, do not consolidate these entities. We may retain unsold senior and/or subordinated interests at the time of securitization in the form of securities issued by the SPEs.

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we held $1.61 billion and $1.47 billion of agency mortgage-backed securities, respectively, and $243.3 million and $180.6 million of non-agency mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, respectively, as a result of our secondary trading and market-making activities, and underwriting, placement and structuring activities. Our maximum exposure to loss on these securities is limited to the carrying value of our investments in these securities. These mortgage-backed and other asset-backed secured funding vehicles discussed are not included in the above table containing information about our variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs.

Note 9. Investments

Investments for which we exercise significant influence over the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting with our shares of the investees’ earnings recognized in Other revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Equity method investments, including any loans to the investees, are reported within Investments in and loans to related parties in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition are summarized as follows (in millions).

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Total Investments in and loans to related parties			$	1,369.1					$	1,426.8

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Total equity method pickup income recognized in Other revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings															$	(64.0)					$	33.7

The following presents summarized financial information about our significant equity method investees. For certain investees, we receive financial information at a lag and the summarized information provided for these investees is based on the latest financial information available as of February 28, 2023, November 30, 2022 and February 28, 2022.

Jefferies Finance

Jefferies Finance, our 50/50 joint venture entity pursuant to an agreement with Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”), is a commercial finance company that structures, underwrites and syndicates primarily senior secured loans to corporate borrowers; and manages proprietary and third-party investments for both broadly syndicated and direct lending loans. Jefferies Finance conducts its operations primarily through two business lines, Leveraged Finance Arrangement and Asset Management. Loans are originated primarily through our investment banking efforts and Jefferies Finance typically syndicates to third-party investors substantially all of its arranged volume through us. Jefferies Finance may also underwrite and arrange other debt products such as second lien term, bridge and mezzanine loans, as well as related equity co-investments. The Asset Management business, collectively referred to as Jefferies Credit Partners, LLC, manages a broad portfolio of assets under management composed of portions of loans it has arranged, as well as loan positions that it has purchased in the primary and secondary markets. Jefferies Credit Partners is composed of three registered Investment Advisors: Jefferies Finance, Apex Credit Partners LLC and Jefferies Credit Partners LLC, which serve as a private credit platform managing proprietary and third-party capital across commingled funds, separately managed accounts and CLOs.

At February 28, 2023, we and MassMutual each had equity commitments to Jefferies Finance of $750.0 million, for a combined total commitment of $1.50 billion. The equity commitment is reduced quarterly based on our share of any undistributed earnings from Jefferies Finance and the commitment is increased only to the extent the share of such earnings are distributed. At February 28, 2023, our remaining commitment to Jefferies Finance was $15.4 million. The investment commitment is scheduled to expire on March 1, 2024 with automatic one year extensions absent a 60 days termination notice by either party.

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Jefferies Finance has executed a Secured Revolving Credit Facility with us and MassMutual, to be funded equally, to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance, which bears interest based on the interest rates of the related Jefferies Finance underwritten loans and is secured by the underlying loans funded by the proceeds of the facility. The total Secured Revolving Credit Facility is a committed amount of $500.0 million at February 28, 2023. Advances are shared equally between us and MassMutual. The facility is scheduled to mature on March 1, 2024 with automatic one year extensions absent a 60 days termination notice by either party. At February 28, 2023, we had funded $0.0 million of our $250.0 million commitment. The following summarizes the activity included in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to the facility (in millions):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Interest income															$	—					$	0.1
Unfunded commitment fees															0.3						0.3

The following is a summary of selected financial information for Jefferies Finance (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Total assets			$	6,774.7					$	6,773.2
Total liabilities			5,486.1						5,500.4
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Our total equity balance			$	644.3					$	636.4

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Net earnings															$	14.9					$	57.5

The following summarizes activity related to our other transactions with Jefferies Finance (in millions):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Origination and syndication fee revenues (1)															$	26.0					$	114.9
Origination fee expenses (1)															4.1						15.9
CLO placement fee revenues (2)															—						0.7
Service fees (3)															44.2						50.0

(1)We engage in the origination and syndication of loans underwritten by Jefferies Finance. In connection with such services, we earned fees, which are recognized in Investment banking revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. In addition, we paid fees to Jefferies Finance in respect of certain loans originated by Jefferies Finance, which are recognized as Business development expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

(2)We act as a placement agent for CLOs managed by Jefferies Finance, for which we recognized fees, which are included in Investment banking revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we held securities issued by CLOs managed by Jefferies Finance, which are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

(3)Under a service agreement, we charge Jefferies Finance for services provided.

In connection with non-U.S. dollar loans originated by Jefferies Finance to borrowers who are investment banking clients of ours, we have entered into an agreement to indemnify Jefferies Finance with respect to any foreign currency exposure.

Receivables from Jefferies Finance, included in Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, were $2.3 million and $1.2 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, payables to Jefferies Finance, related to cash deposited with us and included in Payables to customers in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, were $8.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

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Berkadia

Berkadia is a commercial mortgage banking, servicing and finance joint venture that was formed by us and Berkshire Hathaway Inc. We are entitled to receive 44.5% of the profits of Berkadia. Berkadia originates commercial/multifamily real estate loans that are sold to U.S. government agencies or other investors. Berkadia also is an investment sales advisor focused on the multifamily industry. Berkadia is a servicer of commercial real estate loans in the U.S., performing primary, master and special servicing functions for U.S. government agency programs, commercial mortgage-backed securities transactions, banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions.

Commercial paper issued by Berkadia is supported by a $1.50 billion surety policy issued by a Berkshire Hathaway insurance subsidiary and corporate guaranty, and we have agreed to reimburse Berkshire Hathaway for one-half of any losses incurred thereunder. At February 28, 2023, the aggregate amount of commercial paper outstanding was $1.47 billion.

The following is a summary of selected financial information for Berkadia (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Total assets			$	4,569.0					$	4,436.0
Total liabilities			2,984.4						2,801.7
Total noncontrolling interest			655.0						690.1
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Our total equity balance			$	418.8					$	425.9

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Net earnings															$	29.0					$	86.4

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we had commitments to purchase $189.6 million and $237.4 million, respectively, of agency CMBS from Berkadia.

OpNet

We own approximately 47.4% of the common shares and 50.0% of the voting rights of OpNet. In addition to common stock, we own various classes of convertible preferred stock, including a new class that was subscribed for in January and February 2023 through direct subscription, settlement of subscription advances and conversion of a shareholder loan, totaling $59.5 million. In March 2023, we made an additional subscription advance of $23.4 million for shares of the new class of convertible preferred stock. The convertible preferred stock is automatically convertible to common shares in 2026 and 2027. We also hold common stock warrants, which are exercisable by June 2024 and June 2027 and received warrants in January 2023 to acquire the new class of preferred stock, which are exercisable by December 23, 2027. The common stock warrants and preferred stock warrants are reported in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and had a fair value of $77.7 million and $54.2 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively.

If our convertible preferred stock and common stock warrants were all converted or exercised, our ownership would increase to approximately 71.3% of OpNet’s common equity and voting rights.

We also own redeemable preferred stock and subordinated bonds issued by OpNet. The redeemable preferred stock is reported in Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and had a carrying value of $0.0 million and $24.5 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. The subordinated bonds are reported in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Condition with a fair value of $53.3 million and $48.6 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively.

Additionally, we have made shareholder loans to OpNet with a carrying value of $13.8 million and $19.3 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively.

We, along with another significant shareholder in OpNet, have agreed to provide additional financial support, if necessary, to meet certain funding needs of OpNet until June 2023.

As a result of a reconsideration event occurring during the three months ended February 28, 2023, upon the issuance of the new class of convertible preferred stock, OpNet was determined to be a VIE.

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The following is a summary of selected financial information for OpNet (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Total assets			$	1,144.9					$	1,050.8
Total liabilities			1,056.6						935.2
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Our total equity balance			$	—					$	—

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Net loss															$	(51.6)					$	(23.4)

FXCM

We have a 50.0% voting interest in FXCM, a provider of online foreign exchange trading services, and have the ability to significantly influence FXCM through our seats on the board of directors. During the three months ended February 28, 2023, we contributed additional capital of $5.0 million. We also have a senior secured term loan to FXCM, which is reported within Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and had a fair value of $36.1 million and $35.1 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. We are amortizing our basis difference between the estimated fair value and the underlying book value of FXCM customer relationships, technology and other assets over their respective useful lives (weighted average life of 4 years for amortizable assets). FXCM is considered a VIE and our term loan and equity interest are variable interests. The following is a summary of selected financial information for FXCM (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Total assets			$	366.6					$	389.6
Total liabilities			332.3						341.4
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Our total equity balance			$	46.7					$	59.7

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Net loss															$	(20.3)					$	(8.0)

In connection with foreign exchange contracts entered into with FXCM, we have $0.5 million at November 30, 2022, included in Payables—brokers, dealers and clearing organizations in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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Golden Queen Mining Company LLC

We have a 50.0% ownership interest in Golden Queen, which owns and operates a gold and silver mine project located in California. We also own warrants to purchase shares with a fair value of $0.0 million and $0.6 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, which if exercised, would increase our ownership to approximately 51.9% of Golden Queen’s common equity. The warrants are reported in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We also have a shareholder loan to Golden Queen with a carrying value of $14.0 million at both February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022. During the three months ended February 28, 2023, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $22.1 million on our investment within Other revenues in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The following is a summary of selected financial information for Golden Queen (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Total assets			$	213.0					$	209.8
Total liabilities			106.3						102.1
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Our total equity balance			$	24.2					$	46.5

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Net loss															$	(0.9)					$	(4.6)

Real Estate Investments

Our real estate equity method investments primarily consist of equity interests in Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza and Hotel and 54 Madison. Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza is composed of a hotel, office building complex and parking garage located in Brooklyn, New York. We have a 25.4% equity interest in the hotel and a 61.3% equity interest in the office building and garage. Although we have a majority interest in the office building and garage, we do not have control, but only have the ability to exercise significant influence on this investment. We are amortizing our basis difference between the estimated fair value and the underlying book value of Brooklyn Renaissance office building and garage over the respective useful lives (weighted average life of 39 years).

We own approximately 48.1% equity interest in 54 Madison, a fund that owned an interest in one real estate project and is in the process of being liquidated.

The following is a summary of selected financial information for our significant Real Estate Investments (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Total assets			$	358.3					$	350.4
Total liabilities			494.5						487.5
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Our total equity balance			$	91.2					$	107.3

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Net earnings															$	1.1					$	6.6

We received distributions from 54 Madison on our equity interest as follows (in millions):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Distributions															$	17.1					$	—

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JCP Fund V

We have limited partnership interests of 11% and 50% in Jefferies Capital Partners V L.P. and Jefferies SBI USA Fund L.P. (together, “JCP Fund V”), respectively, which are private equity funds managed by a team led by our President. The amount of our investments in JCP Fund V included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition was $4.6 million and $23.9 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. Historically, we have accounted for these investments at fair value based on the NAV of the funds and at February 28, 2023, the investment is calculated within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of our limited partnership interests. The following summarizes the results from these investments which are included in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings (in millions):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Net gains (losses) from our investments in JCP Fund V															$	(6.6)					$	0.9

At both February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we were committed to invest equity of up to $85.0 million in JCP Fund V. At both February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, our unfunded commitment relating to JCP Fund V was $8.7 million.

The following is a summary of the Net change in net assets resulting from operations for 100.0% of JCP Fund V, in which we owned effectively 35.2% at February 28, 2023 of the combined equity interests (in thousands):

															Three Months Ended December 31,
															2022																		2021
Net decrease in net assets resulting from operations (1)															$	(54,551)																	$	(3,159)

(1)Financial information for JCP Fund V within our results of operations for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 is included based on the presented periods.

Asset Management Investments

We have an investment with a carrying amount of $18.7 million and $18.6 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, consisting of our shares in Monashee, an investment management company, registered investment advisor and general partner of various investment management funds, which provides us with a 50.0% voting rights interest and the rights to distributions of 47.5% of the annual net profits of Monashee’s operations if certain thresholds are met. A portion of the carrying amount of the investment in Monashee relates to contract and customer relationship and client relationship intangible assets and goodwill. The intangible assets are amortized over their useful life and the goodwill is not amortized.

We also have an investment management agreement whereby Monashee provides asset management services to us for certain separately managed accounts. Our net investment balance in the separately managed accounts was $26.0 million and $17.7 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. The following table presents the activity included in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to these separately managed accounts (in millions):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
															2023						2022
Investment gains (losses) (1)															$	0.3					$	(2.1)
Management fees (2)															0.2						0.2

(1)Included in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

(2)Included in Floor brokerage and clearing fees in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

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ApiJect

We own shares which represent a 38% economic interest in ApiJect at February 28, 2023, which is accounted for at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP and is included within corporate equity securities in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Additionally, we have a right to 1.125% of ApiJect’s future revenues. At both February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, the total fair value of our equity investment in common shares of ApiJect was $100.1 million, which is included within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, we own warrants to purchase up to 950,000 shares of common stock at any time or from time to time on or before April 15, 2032.

We also have a term loan agreement with a principal of ApiJect for $29.2 million maturing on April 28, 2023. The loan is accounted for at cost plus accrued interest and is reported within Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Interest income of $0.5 million was recognized related to the loan for both the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, and is recognized in Interest revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The loan has a fair value of $29.4 million and $28.9 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, which would be classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

SPAC

We own 73.4% of the publicly traded units of a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”), which represents 25.7% of the voting shares of the SPAC at February 28, 2023. At February 28, 2023, the SPAC is considered a VIE. We have significant influence over the SPAC but we are not considered to be the primary beneficiary as we do not have control. Our investment is accounted for at fair value pursuant to the fair value option and is included within corporate equity securities in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The fair value of the investment was $22.9 million and $22.8 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, which is included within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Note 10. Credit Losses on Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost

Automobile Loans. Financial assets measured at amortized cost are presented at the net amount expected to be collected and the measurement of credit losses and any expected increases or decreases in expected credit losses are recognized in earnings. The estimate of expected credit losses involves judgment based on an assessment over the life of the financial instrument taking into consideration forecast of expected future economic conditions.

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we had automobile loans, including accrued interest and related fees, of $895.2 million and $891.1 million, respectively, which are classified as either held for investment or held for sale depending on the intent and ability to hold the loans, which are collateralized by a security interest in the vehicles’ titles. These loans are included in Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Loans held for investment are recorded at cost net of deferred acquisition costs and an allowance for credit losses. Loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value until the loans are sold.

Provision for credit losses are charged to income in amounts sufficient to maintain an allowance for credit losses inherent in the automobile loans held for investment which is established systematically by management as of the reporting date. All automobile loans held for investment are collectively evaluated for impairment. Management’s estimate of expected credit losses is based on an evaluation of relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the future collectability of the reported amounts. We use static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for loan losses expected over the remaining life of the loans, which is supplemented by management judgment. Expected losses are estimated for groups of accounts aggregated by monthly vintage.

Generally, the expected losses are projected based on historical loss experience over the last eight years, more heavily weighted toward recent performance when determining the allowance to result in an estimate that is more reflective of the current internal and external environments. Our estimate of expected credit losses includes a reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year and then reverts to an estimate based on historical losses. We review charge-off experience factors, contractual delinquency, historical collection rates, the value of underlying collateral and other information to make the necessary judgments as to credit losses expected in the portfolio as of the reporting date. While management utilizes the best information available to make its evaluations, changes in macroeconomic conditions, interest rate environments, or both, may significantly impact the assumptions and inputs used in determining the allowance for credit losses. Our charge-off policy is based on a loan by loan review of delinquent loans. We have an accounting policy to not place loans on nonaccrual status; however, the allowance for credit losses is determined including the accrued interest receivable not expected to be collected.

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A rollforward of the allowance for credit losses related to our automobile loans for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, is as follows (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Beginning balance			$	79,614					$	67,236
Provision for doubtful accounts			7,829						7,545
Charge-offs, net of recoveries			(9,388)						(4,672)
Ending balance			$	78,055					$	70,109

The following tables present a summary of automobile loans held for investment by credit score, determined at origination, at February 28, 2023 for each vintage of the loan portfolio (in thousands):

			Year of Origination
			2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior Years			Total						Percent
Credit scores of 680 and above			$	10,724		$	56,272		$	41,945		$	15,062		$	14,373		$	7,053		$	145,429					16.5		%
Credit scores between 620 to 679			28,494			171,818			119,685			39,404			30,156			19,881			409,438						46.3
Credit scores below 620			22,436			172,591			87,573			18,715			16,434			11,268			329,017						37.2
Total			$	61,654		$	400,681		$	249,203		$	73,181		$	60,963		$	38,202		$	883,884					100.0		%

The following tables present a summary of automobile loans held for investment by credit score, determined at origination, at November 30, 2022 for each vintage of the loan portfolio (in thousands):

			Year of Origination
			2022			2021			2020			2019			2018			Prior Years			Total						Percent
Credit scores of 680 and above			$	53,700		$	46,668		$	17,276		$	16,560		$	7,631		$	1,378		$	143,213					16.3		%
Credit scores between 620 to 679			170,220			132,528			44,095			35,393			17,635			7,647			407,518						46.3
Credit scores below 620			175,690			97,953			21,371			19,039			8,840			5,602			328,495						37.4
Total			$	399,610		$	277,149		$	82,742		$	70,992		$	34,106		$	14,627		$	879,226					100.0		%

The aging of automobile loans held for investment at February 28, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

			Year of Origination
			2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior Years			Total						Percent
Current accounts			$	61,635		$	379,665		$	229,855		$	68,006		$	56,562		$	34,803		$	830,526					94.0		%
Delinquent accounts
30 - 59 days			19			14,495			13,155			3,731			3,282			2,575			37,257						4.2
60 - 89 days			—			3,696			3,455			897			671			384			9,103						1.0
90 days and over			—			2,825			2,738			547			448			440			6,998						0.8
Total			$	61,654		$	400,681		$	249,203		$	73,181		$	60,963		$	38,202		$	883,884					100.0		%

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The aging of automobile loans held for investment at November 30, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

			Year of Origination
			2022			2021			2020			2019			2018			Prior Years			Total						Percent
Current accounts			$	380,863		$	255,412		$	76,841		$	66,339		$	31,269		$	13,290		$	824,014					93.7		%
Delinquent accounts
30 - 59 days			12,720			15,550			4,307			3,380			2,020			1,097			39,074						4.4
60 - 89 days			3,718			4,156			1,090			734			569			181			10,448						1.2
90 days and over			2,309			2,031			504			539			248			59			5,690						0.7
Total			$	399,610		$	277,149		$	82,742		$	70,992		$	34,106		$	14,627		$	879,226					100.0		%

Investment Banking Fee Receivables. Our allowance for credit losses on our investment banking fee receivables uses a provisioning matrix based on the shared risk characteristics and historical loss experience for such receivables. In some instances, we may adjust the allowance calculated based on the provision matrix to incorporate a specific allowance based on the unique credit risk profile of a receivable. The provisioning matrix is periodically updated to reflect changes in the underlying portfolio's credit characteristics and most recent historical loss data.

The allowance for credit losses for investment banking receivables for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, is as follows (in thousands):

									Three Months Ended  February 28,
									2023						2022
Beginning balance									$	5,914					$	4,824
Bad debt expense, net of reversals									1,508						340
Charge-offs									(86)						(50)
Recoveries collected									(66)						(605)
Ending balance (1)									$	7,270					$	4,509

(1)The allowance for doubtful accounts balances are substantially all related to mergers and acquisitions and restructuring fee receivables, which include recoverable expense receivables.

See Note 10, Credit Losses on Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 for additional information regarding credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost.

Note 11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill attributed to our reportable business segments are as follows (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Investment Banking and Capital Markets			$	1,552,695					$	1,552,944
Asset Management			183,170						183,170
Total goodwill			$	1,735,865					$	1,736,114

The following table is a summary of the changes to goodwill for the three months ended February 28, 2023 (in thousands):

Balance at November 30, 2022			$	1,736,114
Currency translation and other adjustments			(249)
Balance at February 28, 2023			$	1,735,865

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Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are included in Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following tables present the gross carrying amount, changes in carrying amount, net carrying amount and weighted average amortization period of identifiable intangible assets at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

			February 28, 2023																		Weighted average remaining lives (years)
			Gross cost															Accumulated amortization									Net carrying amount
Customer relationships			$	126,014														$	(90,226)					$	35,788					8.1
Trade name			127,181															(36,393)						90,788						25.0
Exchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrations			7,415															—						7,415						N/A
Other			14,957															(11,963)						2,994						4.6
Total			$	275,567														$	(138,582)					$	136,985

			November 30, 2022																		Weighted average remaining lives (years)
			Gross cost												Accumulated amortization									Net carrying amount
Customer relationships			$	126,028											$	(89,109)					$	36,919					8.2
Trade name			127,185												(35,486)						91,699						25.3
Exchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrations			7,408												—						7,408						N/A
Other			14,957												(11,521)						3,436						4.7
Total			$	275,578											$	(136,116)					$	139,462

Amortization Expense

For finite life intangible assets, aggregate amortization expense amounted to $2.4 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These expenses are included in Depreciation and amortization in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The estimated future amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of fiscal year 2023			$	7,453
Year ending November 30, 2024			9,259
Year ending November 30, 2025			8,693
Year ending November 30, 2026			8,655
Year ending November 30, 2027			8,620

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Note 12. Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents our total revenues separated for our revenues from contracts with customers and our other sources of revenues (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Investment banking			$	502,798					$	945,048
Commissions and other fees			213,270						229,316
Asset management fees			17,757						12,569
Manufacturing revenues			—						141,108
Oil and gas revenues			25,506						57,919
Real estate revenues			2,747						10,238
Other contracts with customers			12,930						10,844
Total revenue from contracts with customers			775,008						1,407,042
Other sources of revenue:
Principal transactions			497,246						243,172
Revenue from strategic affiliates			21,229						26,982
Interest			531,385						214,284
Other			(44,304)						21,335
Total revenues			$	1,780,564					$	1,912,815

See Note 12, Revenues from Contracts with Customers, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 for additional information regarding revenues from contracts with customers.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following presents our revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by major business activity and primary geographic regions (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended February 28,
			2023																		2022
			Reportable Segment																		Reportable Segment
			Investment Banking and Capital Markets						Asset Management						Total						Investment Banking and Capital Markets						Asset Management						Total
Major business activity:
Investment banking - Advisory			$	297,178					$	—					$	297,178					$	543,769					$	—					$	543,769
Investment banking - Underwriting			205,620						—						205,620						401,279						—						401,279
Equities (1)			210,462						—						210,462						225,931						—						225,931
Fixed income (1)			2,808						—						2,808						3,385						—						3,385
Asset management			—						17,757						17,757						—						12,569						12,569
Merchant banking			—						41,183						41,183						—						220,109						220,109
Total			$	716,068					$	58,940					$	775,008					$	1,174,364					$	232,678					$	1,407,042
Primary geographic region:
Americas			$	555,927					$	57,793					$	613,720					$	936,933					$	231,798					$	1,168,731
Europe and the Middle East			116,219						577						116,796						166,172						558						166,730
Asia			43,922						570						44,492						71,259						322						71,581
Total			$	716,068					$	58,940					$	775,008					$	1,174,364					$	232,678					$	1,407,042

(1)Revenues from contracts with customers associated with the equities and fixed income businesses primarily represent commissions and other fee revenue.

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Refer to Note 22, Segment Reporting, for a further discussion on the allocation of revenues to geographic regions.

Information on Remaining Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognized from Past Performance

We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material at February 28, 2023. Investment banking advisory fees that are contingent upon completion of a specific milestone and fees associated with certain distribution services are also excluded as the fees are considered variable and not included in the transaction price at February 28, 2023.

During the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $25.6 million and $35.0 million, respectively, of revenue related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, mainly due to resolving uncertainties in variable consideration that was constrained in prior periods. In addition, during the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $7.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively, of revenues primarily associated with distribution services, a portion of which relates to prior periods.

Contract Balances

The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by our customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.

Our deferred revenue primarily relates to retainer and milestone fees received in investment banking advisory engagements where the performance obligation has not yet been satisfied. Deferred revenues at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 were $29.0 million and $27.0 million, respectively, which are recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. During the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, we recognized revenues of $11.8 million and $18.0 million, respectively, that were recorded as deferred revenue at the beginning of the periods.

We had receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers of $168.5 million and $206.6 million at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively.

Contract Costs

We capitalize costs to fulfill contracts associated with investment banking advisory engagements where the revenue is recognized at a point in time and the costs are determined to be recoverable. Capitalized costs to fulfill a contract are recognized at the point in time that the related revenue is recognized.

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, capitalized costs to fulfill a contract were $3.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively, which are recorded in Receivables—Fees, interest and other in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. For the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, we recognized expenses of $0.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively, related to costs to fulfill a contract that were capitalized as of the beginning of the period. There were no significant impairment charges recognized in relation to these capitalized costs during the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Note 13. Compensation Plans

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units. Restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) may be granted to new employees as “sign-on” awards, to existing employees as “retention” awards and to certain executive officers as incentive awards. Sign-on and retention awards are generally subject to annual ratable vesting over a multi-year service period and are amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the service period. Restricted stock and RSUs are granted to certain senior executives and may contain market, performance and/or service conditions. Market conditions are incorporated into the grant-date fair value of senior executive awards using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Compensation expense for awards with market conditions is recognized over the service period and is not reversed if the market conditions are not met. Awards with performance conditions are amortized over the service period if, and to the extent, it is determined to be probable that the performance condition will be achieved. If awards are forfeited due to failure to achieve performance conditions or failure to satisfy service conditions, any previously recognized expense for such awards is reversed.

Senior Executive Compensation Plan.

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In December 2021, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors granted each of our senior executives RSUs with a grant date fair value of $8.2 million and performance stock units (“PSUs”) with a target fair market value of $8.2 million. The RSUs have a three-year cliff vesting schedule. With respect to the PSUs, there is a three-year service period, along with performance period measures of fiscal 2021 through fiscal 2023 performance, the threshold level of Return on Tangible Equity (“ROTE”) was 7.5%, the target level of ROTE was 10%, and the upper end was 15%. Any performance below 7.5% will result in forfeiture of all PSUs; 7.5% ROTE will result in receiving 75% of target PSUs; and 15% ROTE or greater will result in receiving 150% of target PSUs. ROTE performance between 7.5% and 10% and 10% and 15% will be linearly interpolated to determine PSU distribution.

In December 2021, the Board of Directors also granted our senior executives each a special long-term, five-year retention grant, termed the Leadership Continuity Grant, with a grant date fair value of $25.0 million. Our senior executives will gain the benefits of the retention award after an additional three-year holding period following the five-year service period.

In December 2022, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors granted our senior executives RSUs with an aggregate grant date fair value of $13.1 million and performance stock units (“PSUs”) with a target fair market value of $13.1 million. The RSUs have a three-year cliff vesting schedule. With respect to the PSUs, there is a three-year service period, along with performance period measures of fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2024 performance, the threshold level of Return on Tangible Equity (“ROTE”) was 7.5%, the target level of ROTE was 10%, and the upper end was 15%. Any performance below 7.5% will result in forfeiture of all PSUs; 7.5% ROTE will result in receiving 75% of target PSUs; and 15% ROTE or greater will result in receiving 150% of target PSUs. ROTE performance between 7.5% and 10% and 10% and 15% will be linearly interpolated to determine PSU distribution.

At February 28, 2023, there were approximately 2,167,000 shares of restricted stock outstanding with future service required, 3,653,000 RSUs outstanding with future service required (including target RSUs that may be issued under the senior executive compensation plan), 10,278,000 RSUs outstanding with no future service required, 5,075,000 stock options outstanding and 1,290,000 shares issuable under other plans. The maximum potential increase to common shares outstanding resulting from these outstanding awards is 20,296,000 at February 28, 2023.

In addition, we sponsor non-share-based compensation plans. Non-share-based compensation plans sponsored by us include a profit sharing plan and other forms of restricted cash awards. Restricted cash awards are subject to ratable vesting terms with service requirements. These awards are amortized as compensation expense over the relevant service period, which is generally considered to start at the beginning of the annual compensation year.

The components of total compensation cost associated with certain of our compensation plans are as follows (in millions):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Components of compensation cost:
Restricted cash awards			$	67.6					$	32.0
Restricted stock and RSUs (1)			13.7						9.7
Profit sharing plan			6.2						5.3
Total compensation cost			$	87.5					$	47.0

(1)Total compensation cost associated with restricted stock and RSUs includes the amortization of sign-on, retention and senior executive awards, less forfeitures and clawbacks.

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Remaining unamortized amounts related to certain compensation plans at February 28, 2023 are as follows (dollars in millions):

			Remaining Unamortized Amounts						Weighted Average  Vesting Period (in Years)
Non-vested share-based awards			$	135.7					3.7
Restricted cash awards (1)			710.0						4.0
Total			$	845.7

(1)The remaining unamortized amount is included within Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

For detailed descriptions of our compensation plans, see Note 13, Compensation Plans, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022.

Note 14. Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 mature in one year or less and include the following (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Bank loans (1)			$	466,896					$	517,524
Fixed rate callable note (1)			4,068						4,068
Floating rate puttable notes (1)			6,800						6,800
Total short-term borrowings			$	477,764					$	528,392

(1)These Short-term borrowings are recorded at cost in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which is a reasonable approximation of their fair values due to their liquid and short-term nature.

At February 28, 2023, the weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings outstanding is 5.69% per annum.

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, our borrowings under credit facilities classified within bank loans in Short-term borrowings in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition were $465.0 million and $517.0 million, respectively. Our borrowings include credit facilities that contain certain covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth, require a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for our U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC, and impose certain restrictions on the future indebtedness of certain of our subsidiaries that are borrowers. Interest is based on rates at spreads over the federal funds rate or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements, or at a rate as agreed between the bank and us in reference to the bank’s cost of funding. At February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under these credit facilities.

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Note 15. Long-Term Debt

The following summarizes our long-term debt carrying values (including unamortized discounts and premiums, valuation adjustments and debt issuance costs, where applicable) (in thousands):

			Maturity						Effective Interest Rate						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Unsecured long-term debt:
5.500% Senior Notes			October 18, 2023						5.68%						$	385,521					$	393,048
1.000% Euro Medium Term Notes			July 19, 2024						1.00%						528,578						519,970
4.500% Callable Note due 2025			July 22, 2025						4.84%						6,155						6,153
5.000% Callable Note due 2026			March 26, 2026						5.52%						8,558						8,554
4.850% Senior Notes (1)			January 15, 2027						6.88%						694,341						703,533
6.450% Senior Debentures			June 8, 2027						5.46%						363,232						363,915
5.000% Callable Note due 2027			June 16, 2027						5.22%						24,797						24,784
5.000% Callable Note due 2028			February 17, 2028						5.29%						9,890						9,888
4.150% Senior Notes			January 23, 2030						4.26%						991,773						991,518
2.625% Senior Debentures (1)			October 15, 2031						4.31%						902,745						911,777
2.750% Senior Debentures (1)			October 15, 2032						6.32%						384,748						392,162
6.250% Senior Notes			January 15, 2036						6.03%						485,257						497,681
6.500% Senior Notes			January 20, 2043						6.05%						406,213						409,472
6.625% Senior Notes			October 23, 2043						6.72%						246,970						246,954
Floating Rate Senior Notes			October 29, 2071						4.45%						61,718						61,715
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility			August 3, 2024						6.07%						349,631						349,578
Structured Notes (2)			Various						Various						1,610,437						1,583,828
Total unsecured long-term debt															7,460,564						7,474,530
Secured long-term debt:
HomeFed EB-5 Program Debt															208,402						209,060
HomeFed Construction Loans															81,467						56,965
Secured Credit Facilities															775,119						933,531
Secured Bank Loan															100,000						100,000
Total long-term debt (3)															$	8,625,552					$	8,774,086

(1)The carrying values of these senior notes include net gains of $26.2 million and $50.5 million in the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively, associated with interest rate swaps based on designation as fair value hedges. See Note 5, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further information.

(2)These structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in other comprehensive income and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transactions revenues. A weighted average coupon rate is not meaningful, as all of the structured notes are carried at fair value.

(3)Total Long-term debt has a fair value of $8.44 billion and $8.46 billion at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, which would be classified as Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

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During the three months ended February 28, 2023, long-term debt decreased by $148.5 million to $8.63 billion at February 28, 2023, as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, primarily due to $120.2 million of net repayments related to our unsecured long-term debt and secured credit facilities, $46.2 million decrease from the Vitesse Energy spin-off and $26.2 million of gains on certain of our senior notes associated with interest rate swaps based on their designation as fair value hedges, partially offset by $25.7 million of losses related to fair value changes of our unsecured structured notes. At February 28, 2023, all of our structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in other comprehensive income and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transactions revenues. Gains and losses in the fair value of structured notes resulting from non-credit components are recognized within Other adjustments on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow.

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, our borrowings under several credit facilities classified within Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition amounted to $775.1 million and $933.5 million, respectively. Interest on these credit facilities are based on the adjusted LIBOR, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements. The credit facility agreements contain certain covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain specified levels of tangible net worth and liquidity amounts, and impose certain restrictions on future indebtedness of and require specified levels of regulated capital and cash reserves for certain of our subsidiaries. At February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under theses credit facilities, except for one facility secured by automobile loans for which technical covenant violations have occurred that are in the process of being resolved with the lenders. There was no amount outstanding under this facility at February 28, 2023.

In addition, one of our subsidiaries has a Loan and Security Agreement with a bank for a term loan (“Secured Bank Loan”). At both February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, borrowings under the Secured Bank Loan amounted to $100.0 million and are also classified within Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Secured Bank Loan matures on September 13, 2024 and is collateralized by certain trading securities with an interest rate of 1.25% plus LIBOR. The agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, restricts lien or encumbrance upon any of the pledged collateral. At February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Secured Bank Loan.

HomeFed funds certain of its real estate projects in part by raising funds under the Immigrant Investor Program administered by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act (“EB-5 Program”). This debt is secured by certain real estate of HomeFed. At February 28, 2023, HomeFed was in compliance with all debt covenants which include, among other requirements, limitations on incurrence of debt, collateral requirements and restricted use of proceeds. Substantially all of HomeFed’s EB-5 Program debt matures in 2024 through 2026.

At February 28, 2023, HomeFed has construction loans with an aggregate committed amount of $101.9 million. The proceeds are being used for construction at certain of its real estate projects. The outstanding principal amount of the loans bears interest based on the 30-day LIBOR or the SOFR, plus spreads of 2.15% to 3.00%, subject to adjustment on the first of each calendar month. At February 28, 2023, the weighted average interest rate on these loans was 7.26%. The loans mature between October 2023 and May 2024 and are collateralized by the property underlying the related project with a guarantee by HomeFed. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, $81.5 million and $57.0 million, respectively, was outstanding under the construction loan agreements.

Note 16. Mandatorily Redeemable Convertible Preferred Shares

Our $125.0 million of callable mandatorily redeemable cumulative convertible preferred shares (“Preferred Shares”) were converted during the three months ended February 28, 2023 at a price of $1,000 per preferred share, plus accrued interest, into 4,654,362 common shares for $125.0 million, or $26.86 per common share. At November 30, 2022, the Preferred Shares were convertible into 4,440,863 common shares, an effective conversion price of $28.15 per common share.

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Note 17. Common Shares and Earnings Per Common Share

Basic and diluted earnings per common share amounts were calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. The numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Numerator for earnings per common share:
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.			$	133,619					$	327,447
Allocation of earnings to participating securities (1)			(528)						(1,976)
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders for basic earnings per share			133,091						325,471
Adjustment to allocation of earnings to participating securities related to diluted shares (1)			(54)						39
Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred share dividends			2,016						2,070
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders for diluted earnings per share			$	135,053					$	327,580
Denominator for earnings per common share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding			227,543						241,963
Weighted average shares of restricted stock outstanding with future service required			(2,128)						(1,557)
Weighted average RSUs outstanding with no future service required			13,686						17,146
Denominator for basic earnings per common share – weighted average shares			239,101						257,552
Stock options and other share-based awards			2,303						1,892
Senior executive compensation plan RSU awards			2,917						2,686
Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares			3,774						4,441
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share			248,095						266,571
Earnings per common share:
Basic			$	0.56					$	1.26
Diluted			$	0.54					$	1.23

(1)Represents dividends declared during the period on participating securities plus an allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities. Net losses are not allocated to participating securities. Participating securities represent restricted stock and RSUs for which requisite service has not yet been rendered and amounted to weighted average shares of 676,000 and 1,571,000 for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Dividends declared on participating securities were not material during the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022. Undistributed earnings are allocated to participating securities based upon their right to share in earnings if all earnings for the period had been distributed.

Note 18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Activity in accumulated Other comprehensive income (loss) is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity but not in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. A summary of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes is as follows (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities			$	(5,641)					$	(5,892)
Net unrealized foreign exchange losses			(209,901)						(220,071)
Net unrealized losses related to instrument specific credit risk			(156,678)						(104,526)
Net minimum pension liability			(48,885)						(48,930)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss			$	(421,105)					$	(379,419)

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Significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net earnings are as follows (in thousands):

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components						Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)												Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings
						Three Months Ended  February 28,
						2023						2022
Net unrealized gains (losses) on instrument specific credit risk at fair value, net of income tax benefit of $83 and $7, respectively						$	(246)					$	(22)																	Principal transactions revenues
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan actuarial losses, net of income tax benefit of $49 and $208, respectively						(397)						(590)																		Compensation and benefits expenses. See Note 14, Benefit Plans for information included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022.
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax						$	(643)					$	(612)

Note 19. Income Taxes

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, our total gross unrecognized tax benefits were $352.4 million and $350.0 million, respectively. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we had interest accrued of approximately $118.0 million and $116.5 million, respectively, included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The total amount of unrecognized benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $278.5 million and $276.5 million (net of Federal benefit) at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

We are currently under examination by a number of taxing jurisdictions. Though we do not expect that resolution of these examinations will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, they may have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which resolution occurs.

The table below summarizes the earliest tax years that remain subject to examination in the major tax jurisdictions in which we operate:

Jurisdiction			Tax Year
United States			2019
New York State			2001
New York City			2006
United Kingdom			2021
Germany			2017
Hong Kong			2017
India			2010

For the three months ended February 28, 2023, the provision for income taxes was $28.7 million, equating to an effective tax rate of 18.2%. For the three months ended February 28, 2022, the provision for income taxes was $64.4 million, equating to an effective tax rate of 16.4%.

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Note 20. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments

The following table summarizes our commitments at February 28, 2023 (in millions):

			Expected Maturity Date (fiscal years)
			2023						2024						2025  and  2026						2027  and  2028						2029  and  Later						Maximum Payout
Equity commitments (1)			$	9.4					$	16.8					$	84.2					$	2.7					$	155.3					$	268.4
Loan commitments (1)			2.5						250.0						70.0						10.1						—						332.6
Loans purchase commitments (2)			2,290.1						—						—						—						—						2,290.1
Underwriting commitments			71.3						—						—						—						—						71.3
Forward starting reverse repos (3)			5,636.5						—						—						—						—						5,636.5
Forward starting repos (3)			3,606.4						—						—						—						—						3,606.4
Other unfunded commitments (1)			57.2						271.2						252.0						—						—						580.4
Total commitments			$	11,673.4					$	538.0					$	406.2					$	12.8					$	155.3					$	12,785.7

(1)Equity, loan and other unfunded commitments are presented by contractual maturity date. The amounts, however, are available on demand.

(2)Loan purchase commitments consist of unfunded commitments to acquire secondary market loans. For the population of loans to be acquired under the loan purchase commitments, at February 28, 2023, Jefferies had also entered into back-to-back committed sale contracts aggregating to $2.45 billion.

(3)At February 28, 2023, all forward starting securities purchased under agreements to resell and forward starting securities sold under agreements to repurchase settled within three business days.

Equity Commitments. Includes commitments to invest in our joint venture, Jefferies Finance, asset management funds and in Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC, the manager of the private equity funds, which consists of a team led by our President and a director. At February 28, 2023, our outstanding commitments relating to Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC and its private equity funds were $10.6 million.

Additionally, at February 28, 2023, we had other outstanding equity commitments to invest up to $206.5 million with strategic affiliates and $35.9 million to various other investments.

Loan Commitments. From time to time we make commitments to extend credit to clients and to strategic affiliates. These commitments and any related drawdowns of these facilities typically have fixed maturity dates and are contingent on certain representations, warranties and contractual conditions applicable to the borrower. At February 28, 2023, we had outstanding loan commitments of $80.1 million to clients and $2.5 million to a strategic affiliate.

Loan commitments outstanding at February 28, 2023 also include our portion of the outstanding secured revolving credit facility provided to Jefferies Finance, to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance.

Underwriting Commitments. In connection with investment banking activities, we may from time to time provide underwriting commitments to our clients in connection with capital raising transactions.

Forward Starting Reverse Repos and Repos. We enter into commitments to take possession of securities with agreements to resell on a forward starting basis and to sell securities with agreements to repurchase on a forward starting basis that are primarily secured by U.S. government and agency securities.

Other Unfunded Commitments. Other unfunded commitments include obligations in the form of revolving notes, warehouse financings and debt securities to provide financing to asset-backed and CLO vehicles. Upon advancing funds, drawn amounts are collateralized by the assets of an entity. Other unfunded commitments also include written put options to certain bondholders of an equity method investee.

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Guarantees

Derivative Contracts. As a dealer, we make markets and trade in a variety of derivative instruments. Certain derivative contracts that we have entered into meet the accounting definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP, including credit default swaps, written foreign currency options and written equity put options. On certain of these contracts, such as written interest rate caps and foreign currency options, the maximum payout cannot be quantified since the increase in interest or foreign exchange rates are not contractually limited by the terms of the contract. As such, we have disclosed notional values as a measure of our maximum potential payout under these contracts.

The following table summarizes the notional amounts associated with our derivative contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP at February 28, 2023 (in millions):

			Expected Maturity Date (Fiscal Years)
			2023						2024						2025  and  2026						2027  and  2028						2029  and  Later						Notional/ Maximum Payout
Guarantee Type:
Derivative contracts—non-credit related			$	12,193.1					$	5,935.0					$	19,315.3					$	850.5					$	—					$	38,293.9
Written derivative contracts—credit related			—						0.2						—						—						—						0.2
Total derivative contracts			$	12,193.1					$	5,935.2					$	19,315.3					$	850.5					$	—					$	38,294.1

The derivative contracts deemed to meet the definition of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP are before consideration of hedging transactions and only reflect a partial or “one-sided” component of any risk exposure. Written equity options and written credit default swaps are often executed in a strategy that is in tandem with long cash instruments (e.g., equity and debt securities). We substantially mitigate our exposure to market risk on these contracts through hedges, such as other derivative contracts and/or cash instruments, and we manage the risk associated with these contracts in the context of our overall risk management framework. We believe notional amounts overstate our expected payout and that fair value of these contracts is a more relevant measure of our obligations. At February 28, 2023, the fair value of derivative contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee is approximately $788.5 million.

HomeFed. For real estate development projects, we are generally required to obtain infrastructure improvement bonds at the beginning of construction work and warranty bonds upon completion of such improvements. These bonds are issued by surety companies to guarantee a municipality satisfactory completion of a project. As the planned area is developed and the municipality accepts the improvements, the bonds are released. At February 28, 2023, the aggregate amount of infrastructure improvement bonds outstanding was $69.7 million.

Standby Letters of Credit. At February 28, 2023, we provided guarantees to certain counterparties in the form of standby letters of credit in the amount of $57.6 million, with a weighted average maturity of less than one year. Standby letters of credit commit us to make payment to the beneficiary if the guaranteed party fails to fulfill its obligation under a contractual arrangement with that beneficiary. Since commitments associated with these collateral instruments may expire unused, the amount shown does not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirement.

Other Guarantees. We are members of various exchanges and clearing houses. In the normal course of business, we provide guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges. These guarantees generally are required under the standard membership agreements, such that members are required to guarantee the performance of other members. Additionally, if a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing house, other members would be required to meet these shortfalls. To mitigate these performance risks, the exchanges and clearing houses often require members to post collateral. Our obligations under such guarantees could exceed the collateral amounts posted. Our maximum potential liability under these arrangements cannot be quantified; however, the potential for us to be required to make payments under such guarantees is deemed remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these arrangements. Additionally, we provide certain indemnifications in connection with third-party clearing and execution arrangements whereby a third-party may clear and settle transactions on behalf of our clients. These indemnifications generally have standard contractual terms and are entered into in the ordinary course of business. Our obligations in respect of such transactions are secured by the assets in our client’s account, as well as any proceeds received from the transactions cleared and settled on behalf of our client. However, we believe that it is unlikely we would have to make any material payments under these arrangements and no material liabilities related to these indemnifications have been recognized.

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Note 21. Net Capital Requirements

As a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), Jefferies LLC is subject to the SEC Uniform Net Capital Rule (“Rule 15c3-1”), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, and has elected to calculate minimum capital requirements using the alternative method permitted by Rule 15c3-1 in calculating net capital. Jefferies LLC, as a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant (“FCM”), is also subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), which sets forth minimum financial requirements. The minimum net capital requirement in determining excess net capital for a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and FCM is equal to the greater of the requirement under Rule 15c3-1 or CFTC Rule 1.17.

Jefferies Financial Services, Inc. (“JFSI”) is a registered swap dealer subject to the CFTC’s regulatory capital requirements, is a registered security-based swap dealer with the SEC subject to the SEC’s security-based swap dealer regulatory rules and is approved by the SEC as an OTC derivatives dealer subject to compliance with the SEC’s net capital requirements. At February 28, 2023, JFSI is in compliance with these SEC and CFTC requirements. Additionally, JFSI is subject to the net capital requirements of the National Futures Association (“NFA”), as a member of the NFA. JFSI is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 18a-1 of not less than the greater of 2% of the risk margin amount, as defined, or $20 million.

At February 28, 2023, Jefferies LLC and JFSI’s net capital and excess net capital were as follows (in thousands):

			Net Capital						Excess Net Capital
Jefferies LLC			$	1,189,879					$	1,086,665
JFSI			280,356						260,356

FINRA is the designated examining authority for Jefferies LLC and the NFA is the designated self-regulatory organization for Jefferies LLC as an FCM.

Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to capital adequacy requirements as prescribed by the regulatory authorities in their respective jurisdictions, including Jefferies International Limited which is subject to the regulatory supervision and requirements of the Financial Conduct Authority in the U.K.

The regulatory capital requirements referred to above may restrict our ability to withdraw capital from our regulated subsidiaries.

Note 22. Segment Reporting

We operate in two reportable business segments: (1) Investment Banking and Capital Markets and (2) Asset Management. The Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segment includes our securities, commodities, futures and foreign exchange capital markets activities and investment banking business, which is composed of financial advisory and underwriting activities. The Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segment provides the sales, trading, origination and advisory effort for various fixed income, equity and advisory products and services. The Asset Management reportable business segment provides investment management services to investors in the U.S. and overseas and invests capital in hedge funds, separately managed accounts and third-party asset managers.

Our reportable business segment information is prepared using the following methodologies:

•Net revenues and non-interest expenses directly associated with each reportable business segment are included in determining earnings (loss) before income taxes.

•Net revenues and non-interest expenses not directly associated with specific reportable business segments are allocated based on the most relevant measures applicable, including each reportable business segment’s net revenues, headcount and other factors.

•Reportable business segment assets include an allocation of indirect corporate assets that have been fully allocated to our reportable business segments, generally based on each reportable business segment’s capital utilization.

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During the year ended November 30, 2022 and in connection with the merger of Jefferies Group LLC with and into Jefferies Financial Group Inc., we transferred substantially all of our legacy merchant banking investments to our Asset Management reportable segment. Certain other publicly traded equity investments related to investment banking relationships were transferred from our Merchant Banking reportable segment to our Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment. In addition, there were certain investments that were held within the Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment, which have been transferred to the Asset Management reportable segment. These investments are now managed by the respective segment managers and we have revised our reportable segment presentation accordingly. We believe that this reorganization of our segments better aligns the manner in which we manage our business activities and is in keeping with our fundamental long-term strategy of continuing to build out our investment banking effort, enhancing our capital markets businesses and further developing our Leucadia Asset Management alternative asset management platform as we continue to divest of significant portions of our legacy merchant banking portfolio. Additionally, corporate activities are now fully allocated to either the Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment or the Asset Management reportable segment. Prior year amounts have been revised to conform to current segment reporting.

Our net revenues, non-interest expenses and earnings before income taxes by reportable business segment are summarized below (in millions):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Investment Banking and Capital Markets:
Net revenues			$	1,207.3					$	1,462.4
Non-interest expenses			1,035.1						1,058.8
Earnings before income taxes			172.2						403.6
Asset Management:
Net revenues			78.3						226.8
Non-interest expenses			90.4						240.0
Earnings (loss) before income taxes			(12.1)						(13.2)
Total of Reportable Business Segments:
Net revenues			1,285.6						1,689.2
Non-interest expenses			1,125.5						1,298.8
Earnings before income taxes			160.1						390.4
Reconciliation to consolidated amounts:
Net revenues			(2.1)						3.6
Non-interest expenses			—						1.7
Earnings (loss) before income taxes (1)			(2.1)						1.9
Total:
Net revenues			1,283.5						1,692.8
Non-interest expenses			1,125.5						1,300.5
Earnings before income taxes			$	158.0					$	392.3

(1)Management does not consider certain foreign currency transaction gains or losses, fair value debt valuation adjustments on derivative contracts, gains and losses on investments held in deferred compensation or certain other immaterial corporate income and expense items in assessing the financial performance of operating businesses. Collectively, these items are included in the reconciliation of reportable business segment amounts to consolidated amounts.

The following table summarizes our total assets by reportable business segment (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Investment Banking and Capital Markets			$	46,947.2					$	45,541.0
Asset Management			5,085.7						5,516.7
Total assets			$	52,032.9					$	51,057.7

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Net Revenues by Geographic Region

Net revenues for the Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable business segment are recorded in the geographic region in which the position was risk-managed or, in the case of investment banking, in which the senior coverage banker is located. For the Asset Management reportable business segment, net revenues are allocated according to the location of the investment advisor or the location of the invested capital. Net revenues by geographic region were as follows (in millions):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Americas (1)			$	982.3					$	1,424.3
Europe and the Middle East (2)			217.9						226.2
Asia			83.3						42.3
Net revenues			$	1,283.5					$	1,692.8

(1)Substantially all relates to U.S. results.

(2)Substantially all relates to U.K. results.

Note 23. Related Party Transactions

Officers, Directors and Employees. The following sets forth information regarding related party transactions with our officers, directors and employees:

•At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we had $26.0 million and $17.7 million, respectively, of loans outstanding to certain of our officers and employees (none of whom are executive officers or directors) that are included in Other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

•Receivables from and payables to customers include balances arising from officers’, directors’ and employees’ individual security transactions. These transactions are subject to the same regulations as all customer transactions and are provided on substantially the same terms.

•On January 13, 2023, our consolidated subsidiary, Vitesse Energy, issued shares measured at a total consideration of $30.6 million in exchange for acquiring all of the outstanding capital interests of Vitesse Oil, which was controlled by JCP Fund V. We provided investment banking services to Vitesse Energy and recognized revenue of $3.0 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023, included within Investment banking revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings. See Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation, for additional details related to the Vitesse Energy distribution.

See Note 8, Variable Interest Entities, and Note 20, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, for further information regarding related party transactions with our officers, directors and employees.

See Note 9, Investments, for further information on transactions with our equity method investees.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This report contains or incorporates by reference “forward looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward looking statements include statements about our future and statements that are not historical facts. These forward looking statements are usually preceded by the words “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” or similar expressions. Forward looking statements may contain expectations regarding revenues, earnings, operations and other results, and may include statements of future performance, plans and objectives. Forward looking statements also include statements pertaining to our strategies for future development of our business and products. Forward looking statements represent only our belief regarding future events, many of which by their nature are inherently uncertain. It is possible that the actual results may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results indicated in these forward-looking statements. Information regarding important factors that could cause actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those in our forward looking statements is contained in this report and other documents we file. You should read and interpret any forward looking statement together with these documents, including the following:

•the description of our business and risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on January 27, 2023;

•the discussion of our analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in this report under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” herein;

•the discussion of our risk management policies, procedures and methodologies contained in this report under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Risk Management” herein;

•the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report; and

•cautionary statements we make in our public documents, reports and announcements.

Any forward looking statement speaks only as of the date on which that statement is made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward looking statement to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which the statement is made, except as required by applicable law.

Our business, by its nature, does not produce predictable or necessarily recurring earnings. Our results in any given period can be materially affected by conditions in global financial markets, economic conditions generally and our own activities and positions. For a further discussion of the factors that may affect our future operating results, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

Jefferies Group LLC Merger into Jefferies Financial Group Inc.

On November 1, 2022, we merged Jefferies Group LLC with and into Jefferies Financial Group Inc. In connection with the merger, we have reclassified the presentation of certain line items within our Consolidated Statements of Earnings to streamline our financial statements and better align the presentation of our firm with our strategy of building our investment banking and capital markets and asset management businesses. Prior year amounts have been revised to conform to these reclassification and presentation changes to current year reporting. Refer to Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation, for additional information related to these reclassification and presentation changes.

Overview

The following table provides an overview of our consolidated results of operations (dollars in thousands):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022						% Change
Net revenues			$	1,283,492					$	1,692,842					(24.2)		%
Non-interest expenses			1,125,474						1,300,510						(13.5)		%
Earnings before income taxes			158,018						392,332						(59.7)		%
Income tax expense			28,694						64,357						(55.4)		%
Net earnings			129,324						327,975						(60.6)		%
Net losses attributable to noncontrolling interests			(6,055)						(969)						524.9		%
Net losses attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests			(256)						(573)						(55.3)		%
Preferred stock dividends			2,016						2,070						(2.6)		%
Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.			133,619						327,447						(59.2)		%
Effective tax rate			18.2		%				16.4		%

Executive Summary

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023

Consolidated Results

•Net revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2023 were $1.28 billion, down 24.2% compared with $1.69 billion for the three months ended February 28, 2022, primarily reflecting lower investment banking net revenues, as well as substantially lower merchant banking revenues within our asset management segment primarily due to the sale of Idaho Timber in the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by higher fixed income and equities net revenues.

•Earnings before income taxes of $158.0 million were 59.7% lower than that of the prior year comparable quarter.

•Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. of $133.6 million were 59.2% lower than that of the prior year comparable quarter.

Business Results

•Our investment banking net revenues were $567.9 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023, compared with $982.5 million in the prior year comparable quarter. Advisory revenues were $297.2 million, down 45.3%, as overall mergers and acquisitions activity significantly declined, while our market position remained strong. Underwriting revenues of $205.6 million were down over the prior year comparable quarter, also consistent with the reduction in industry-wide deal activity.

•Our equities net revenues of $308.7 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 were 11.4% higher than those of the prior year comparable quarter, with increased results in our convertibles and cash equity businesses.

•Our fixed income net revenues of $330.7 million were up 63.1% compared to the prior year comparable quarter, reflecting strong results in our credit trading businesses.

•Overall revenues in our asset management business were $78.3 million, compared with $226.8 million in the prior year comparable quarter. This decrease is substantially due to the reduction in our merchant banking activities within our asset management segment as a result of the sale of Idaho Timber in the third quarter of 2022 offset by asset management fees and investment return which were higher on improved performance from certain of our strategies.

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Non-interest Expenses

•Non-interest expenses were $1.13 billion for the three months ended February 28, 2023, a decrease of 13.5%, compared with non-interest expenses of $1.30 billion for the prior year comparable quarter. The decrease is primarily due to lower compensation and benefits expense, generally in line with the decline in net revenues in our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment and a decrease in cost of sales as a result of the sale of Idaho Timber in the third quarter of 2022.

•Compensation and benefits expense for the three months ended February 28, 2023 was $703.1 million, a decrease of $87.7 million, or 11.1%, from the prior year comparable quarter. Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues was 54.8% for the three months ended February 28, 2023, compared with 46.7% in the prior year comparable quarter and 43.3% for the year ended November 30, 2022.

•Overall non-interest expenses for the three months ended February 28, 2023 decreased compared with prior year comparable quarter as a result of increases in Floor brokerage and clearing expenses, technology and communications expenses and business and development expenses, which were partially offset by a decline in underwriting expenses.

Headcount

•At February 28, 2023, we had 5,401 employees globally, a decrease of 224 employees from our headcount of 5,625 at February 28, 2022. Our headcount decreased as a result of the sale of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Idaho Timber, and the spin-off of Vitesse Energy. The decrease was partially offset by growth in our investment banking headcount, as well as additions in technology and other corporate services staff to support our growth and strategic priorities.

Revenues by Source

Historically, our results of operations have been presented by summarized income statement line items by business segments comprised as follows: Investment Banking and Capital Markets, Asset Management, Merchant Banking, Corporate and Parent Company Interest, including consolidation adjustments. During the year ended November 30, 2022 and in connection with the merger of Jefferies Group LLC with and into Jefferies Financial Group Inc., we transferred significantly all of our legacy merchant banking investments to our Asset Management reportable segment. Certain publicly traded equity investments that are related to investment banking relationships were transferred from our Merchant Banking reportable segment to our Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment. In addition, there were certain investments that were held within the Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment, which have been transferred to the Asset Management reportable segment. These investments are now managed by the respective segment managers and we have revised our reportable business segment presentation accordingly. Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current segment reporting.

We now present our results as two reportable business segments as follows: Investment Banking and Capital Markets and Asset Management. Additionally, corporate activities are now fully allocated to each of these reportable business segments. We believe that this reorganization of our segments better aligns the manner in which we manage our business activities and is in keeping with our fundamental long-term strategy of continuing to build out our investment banking effort, enhancing our capital markets businesses and further developing our Leucadia Asset Management alternative asset management platform as we continue to divest of significant portions of our legacy merchant banking portfolio.

The remainder of our “Consolidated Results of Operations” is presented on a detailed product and expense basis. Our “Revenues by Source” is reported along the following business lines: investment banking, equities, fixed income and asset management. Additionally, the results of the asset management business include a new subcategory “merchant banking.”

Foreign currency transaction gains or losses, fair value debt valuation adjustments on derivative contracts, gains and losses on investments held in deferred compensation or certain other immaterial corporate income items are not considered by management in assessing the financial performance of our operating businesses and are, therefore, not reported as part of our business segment results.

The changes to the manner in which we describe and disclose the performance of our business activities has no effect on our historical consolidated results of operation. Previously reported results are presented on a comparable basis in the tables below.

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The following provides a summary of “Net Revenues by Source” (dollars in thousands):

			Three Months Ended February 28,
			2023												2022
			Amount						% of Net Revenues						Amount						% of Net Revenues						% Change
Advisory			$	297,178					23.2		%				$	543,769					32.1		%				(45.3)		%
Equity underwriting			125,445						9.8						156,100						9.2						(19.6)		%
Debt underwriting			80,175						6.2						245,178						14.5						(67.3)		%
Total underwriting			205,620						16.0						401,278						23.7						(48.8)		%
Other investment banking			65,132						5.1						37,470						2.2						73.8		%
Total Investment Banking			567,930						44.3						982,517						58.0						(42.2)		%
Equities			308,661						24.0						277,047						16.4						11.4		%
Fixed income			330,700						25.8						202,801						12.0						63.1		%
Total Capital Markets			639,361						49.8						479,848						28.4						33.2		%
Total Investment Banking and Capital Markets (1)			1,207,291						94.1						1,462,365						86.4						(17.4)		%
Asset management fees and revenues			39,097						3.0						44,502						2.6						(12.1)		%
Investment return (2)			31,033						2.4						8,889						0.5						249.1		%
Merchant banking			11,608						0.9						185,791						11.0						(93.8)		%
Allocated net interest (2)			(3,442)						0.7						(12,350)						(0.7)						(72.1)		%
Total Asset Management			78,296						6.1						226,832						13.4						(65.5)		%
Other			(2,095)						(0.2)						3,645						0.2						N/M
Net revenues			$	1,283,492					100.0		%				$	1,692,842					100.0		%				(24.2)		%

N/M — Not Meaningful

(1)Allocated net interest is not separately disaggregated for Investment Banking and Capital Markets. This presentation is aligned to our Investment Banking and Capital Markets internal performance measurement.

(2)Allocated net interest represents an allocation to Asset Management of our long-term debt interest expense, net of interest income on our Cash and cash equivalents and other sources of liquidity. Allocated net interest has been disaggregated to increase transparency and to make clearer actual Investment return. We believe that aggregating Investment return and Allocated net interest would obscure the Investment return by including an amount that is unique to our credit spreads, debt maturity profile, capital structure, liquidity risks and allocation methods.

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Investment Banking Revenues

Investment banking is composed of revenues from:

•advisory services with respect to mergers/acquisitions, restructurings/recapitalizations and private capital advisory transactions;

•underwriting services, which include underwriting and placement services related to corporate debt, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities and equity and equity-linked securities and loan syndication;

•our 50% share of net earnings from our corporate lending joint venture, Jefferies Finance;

•our 44.5% share of net earnings from our commercial real estate joint venture, Berkadia (which include commercial mortgage origination and servicing);

•Foursight, our wholly-owned subsidiary engaged in the lending and servicing of automobile loans; and

•securities and loans received or acquired in connection with our investment banking activities.

The following table sets forth our investment banking revenues (dollars in thousands):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022						% Change
Advisory			$	297,178					$	543,769					(45.3)		%
Equity underwriting			125,445						156,100						(19.6)		%
Debt underwriting			80,175						245,178						(67.3)		%
Total underwriting			205,620						401,278						(48.8)		%
Other investment banking			65,132						37,470						73.8		%
Total investment banking			$	567,930					$	982,517					(42.2)		%

The following table sets forth our investment banking activities (dollars in billions):

			Deals Completed												Aggregate Value
			Three Months Ended  February 28,																		Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022																		2023						2022
Advisory transactions			73						132																		$	56.3					$	138.8
Public and private equity and convertible offerings			36						47																		5.3						12.1
Public and private debt financings			121						176																		43.6						88.1

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023

•Investment banking revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2023 were $567.9 million, compared with $982.5 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022 consistent with the reduction in industry-wide deal activity.

•Our advisory revenues were $297.2 million, down 45.3% compared to the prior year comparable quarter, as deal volume and deal value across most sectors in the global mergers and acquisitions markets declined while we have continued to maintain our market share momentum.

•Total underwriting revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2023 were $205.6 million, a decrease of 48.8% from $401.3 million in the prior year comparable quarter, reflecting lower net revenues of $125.4 million in equity underwriting and lower net revenues of $80.2 million in debt underwriting. The decline in our equity and debt underwriting net revenues are consistent with a general slowdown in new issuance as a result of uncertain economic and market conditions due to inflation, rising interest rates and market volatility.

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•Other investment banking net revenues were $65.1 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023, compared with net revenues of $37.5 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022. During the three months ended February 28, 2023, we recognized gains on various private equity positions and derivative transactions related to our investment banking activities. Revenues from our share of the net earnings of our Berkadia joint venture were impacted as Berkadia experienced a decline in mortgage origination volumes and origination fees declined. The results from our share of the net earnings of our Jefferies Finance joint venture declined given the limited origination activity in the leveraged finance markets and higher interest expenses. Revenues from our automobile lending and servicing business were relatively consistent as compared to the prior year comparable quarter as servicing fee revenues continued to increase partially offset by an increase in interest expense.

•Our investment banking backlog is consistent with the levels as of November 30, 2022, but execution remains dependent on market conditions. As an indicator of net revenues in a given future period, backlog snapshots are subject to limitations. The time frame for the realization of revenues from these expected transactions varies and is influenced by factors we do not control. Transactions not included in the estimate may occur, and expected transactions may also be modified or cancelled.

Equities Net Revenues

Equities is composed of net revenues from:

•services provided to our clients from which we earn commissions or spread revenue by executing, settling and clearing transactions for clients;

•advisory services offered to clients;

•financing, securities lending and other prime brokerage services offered to clients, including capital introductions and outsourced trading; and

•wealth management services.

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023

•Total equities net revenues were $308.7 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023, an increase of 11.4% from net revenues of $277.0 million recorded for the prior year comparable quarter.

•Results in our global convertible business were significantly higher for the three months ended February 28, 2023, as compared to the prior year comparable quarter as more favorable market conditions for this asset class led to increased primary issuance and secondary trading. In addition, the net revenues of our global cash equities improved on stronger client flow. We also recognized gains in the quarter on certain equity block trades and trading revenues from other principal strategies. Equity derivatives generated lower revenues for the three months ended February 28, 2023, as compared to the prior year comparable quarter given the difficult trading environment highlighted by reduced volatility and reduced trading volumes.

Fixed Income Net Revenues

Fixed income is composed of net revenues from:

•executing transactions for clients and making markets in securitized products, investment grade, high-yield, distressed, emerging markets, municipal and sovereign securities and bank loans, as well as foreign exchange execution on behalf of clients;

•interest rate derivatives and credit derivatives; and

•financing services offered to clients.

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023

•Fixed income net revenues totaled $330.7 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023, an increase of 63.1% from net revenues of $202.8 million for the three months ended February 28, 2022, primarily reflecting exceptionally strong results in many of our credit trading businesses. Our Fixed Income businesses broadly performed better during the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the extremely difficult market environment in the first quarter of 2022.

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Asset Management

We operate a diversified alternative asset management platform offering institutional clients an innovative range of investment strategies directly and through our affiliated asset managers. We provide certain of our affiliated asset managers access to our fully integrated global operational infrastructure and support. This may include strategy and product development, daily operations and finance-related activities, compliance, legal and human resources support, as well as marketing and business development.

Asset management revenues include the following:

•management and performance fees from funds and accounts managed by us;

•revenue from affiliated asset managers where we are entitled to portions of their revenues and/or profits, as well as earnings on our ownership interests in our affiliated asset managers;

•investment income from our capital invested in and managed by us and our affiliated asset managers; and

•revenues from investments held in our merchant banking portfolio, including consolidated operations from real estate development activities, oil and gas activities and timber manufacturing (until the sale of Idaho Timber during the third quarter of 2022 and our spin-off of Vitesse Energy in the first quarter of 2023).

Asset management fees and revenues are impacted by the level of assets under management and the performance return of those assets, for the most part on an absolute basis, and, in certain cases, relative to a benchmark or hurdle. These components can be affected by financial markets, profits and losses in the applicable investment portfolios and client capital activity. Further, asset management fees vary with the nature of investment management services. The terms under which clients may terminate our investment management authority, and the requisite notice period for such termination, varies depending on the nature of the investment vehicle and the liquidity of the portfolio assets. In some instances, performance fees and similar revenues are recognized once a year, when they become fixed and determinable and are not probable of being significantly reversed, typically in December. As a result, a significant portion of our performance fees and similar revenues generated from investment returns in a calendar year are recognized in our following fiscal year.

The following summarizes the results of our Asset Management businesses by asset class (dollars in thousands):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022						% Change
Asset management fees:
Equities			$	1,606					$	5,290					(69.6)		%
Multi-asset			16,151						7,279						121.9		%
Total asset management fees			17,757						12,569						41.3		%
Revenue from strategic affiliates (1)			21,340						31,933						(33.2)		%
Total asset management fees and revenues			39,097						44,502						(12.1)		%
Investment return			31,033						8,889						249.1		%
Merchant banking			11,608						185,791						(93.8)		%
Allocated net interest			(3,442)						(12,350)						(72.1)		%
Total Asset Management			$	78,296					$	226,832					(65.5)		%

(1)    These amounts include our share of fees received by affiliated asset management companies with which we have revenue and profit share arrangements, as well as earnings on our ownership interest in affiliated asset managers.

Three Months Ended February 28, 2023

•Total asset management net revenues in the three months ended February 28, 2023, were $78.3 million, compared with $226.8 million in the prior year comparable quarter. Total asset management fees and revenues in the three months ended February 28, 2023 were $39.1 million, compared with $44.5 million in the prior year comparable quarter reflecting higher management and performance fees on funds managed by us offset by a decline in performance and similar fees and revenues earned through our strategic affiliates.

•Our investment return in the three months ended February 28, 2023 was $31.0 million, compared with $8.9 million in the prior year comparable quarter, as performance from our Asian-focused strategies generated improved returns, partially offset by weaker performance in certain equity funds.

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•Revenues from merchant banking assets managed within our Asset Management business were $11.6 million, compared with $185.8 million in the prior year comparable quarter, which include manufacturing revenues of $141.1 million from Idaho Timber, which was sold during the third quarter of 2022. Revenues from our merchant banking activities for the three months ended February 28, 2023, include net unrealized gains on capital invested by us in various public and private companies that are managed as part of our asset management strategy as compared to net unrealized losses in the prior year comparable quarter. These revenues were partially offset by an impairment recognized on an equity method investment.

Assets under Management

We and our affiliated asset managers have aggregate net asset values or net asset value equivalent assets under management of approximately $30.8 billion and $29.1 billion at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively. Net asset value or net asset value equivalent assets under management are composed of the fair value of the net assets of a fund or the net capital invested in a separately managed account. These include the following:

•Net asset values of investments made by us in funds or separately managed accounts were $3.0 billion at February 28, 2023 and $2.6 billion at November 30, 2022. We invest in certain strategies using our own capital often before opening a strategy to outside capital. The net asset values include our capital of $1.7 billion at February 28, 2023 and $1.5 billion at November 30, 2022 plus amounts financed of $1.3 billion at February 28, 2023 and $0.9 billion at November 30, 2022. Revenues related to the investments made by us are presented in Investment return within the results of our asset management businesses.

•The assets under management by affiliated asset managers with whom we have an ongoing profit or revenue sharing arrangement were $26.3 billion at February 28, 2023 and $25.2 billion at November 30, 2022. Revenues from our share of fees received by affiliated asset managers are presented in Revenue from strategic affiliates within the results of our asset management businesses.

•Third-party investments actively managed by our wholly-owned managers were $1.5 billion at February 28, 2023 and $1.3 billion at November 30, 2022. We earn asset management fees as a result of the third-party investments, which are presented in Asset management fees and revenues within the results of our asset management businesses.

The tables below include only third-party assets under management by us, excluding those of our affiliated asset managers.

Period-end assets under management by predominant asset class were as follows (in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Assets under management:
Equities			$	284					$	274
Multi-asset			1,241						974
Total			$	1,525					$	1,248

Change in assets under management were as follows (in millions):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022
Asset under management:
Balance, beginning of period			$	1,248					$	831
Net cash inflows			248						157
Net market appreciation (depreciation)			29						4
Balance, end of period			$	1,525					$	992

Our definition of assets under management is not based on any definition contained in any of our investment management agreements and differs from the manner in which “Regulatory Assets Under Management” is reported to the SEC on Form ADV.

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Asset Management Investments

Our asset management business makes seed and additional strategic investments directly in alternative asset management separately managed accounts and co-mingled funds where we act as the asset manager or in affiliated asset managers where we have strategic relationships and participate in the revenues or profits of the affiliated manager. The following table represents our investments by type of asset manager (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Jefferies Financial Group Inc.; as manager:
Fund investments (1)			$	167,281					$	182,792
Separately managed accounts (2)			179,830						129,430
Total			$	347,111					$	312,222
Strategic affiliates; as manager:
Fund investments (1)			$	1,051,045					$	1,022,029
Separately managed accounts (2)			307,279						214,387
Investments in asset managers			47,831						52,357
Total			$	1,406,155					$	1,288,773
Total asset management investments			$	1,753,266					$	1,600,995

(1)Due to the level or nature of an investment in a fund, we may consolidate that fund; and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the fund are included in the representative line items in our consolidated financial statements. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, $45.3 million and $9.7 million, respectively, represent net investments in funds that have been consolidated in our financial statements.

(2)Where we have investments in a separately managed account, the assets and liabilities of such account are presented in our consolidated financial statements within each respective line item.

Other

Other revenues include foreign currency transaction gains or losses, fair value debt valuation adjustments on derivative contracts, gains and losses on investments held in deferred compensation or certain other immaterial corporate income items that are not attributed to business segments as management does not consider such amounts in assessing the financial performance of our operating businesses.

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Non-interest Expenses

Non-interest expenses were as follows (dollars in thousands):

			Three Months Ended  February 28,
			2023						2022						% Change
Compensation and benefits			$	703,058					$	790,752					(11.1)		%
Floor brokerage and clearing fees			80,474						83,961						(4.2)		%
Underwriting costs			13,207						8,128						62.5		%
Technology and communications			113,385						107,016						6.0		%
Occupancy and equipment rental			27,315						26,965						1.3		%
Business development			36,838						26,872						37.1		%
Professional services			62,161						52,742						17.9		%
Depreciation and amortization			33,292						45,937						(27.5)		%
Cost of sales			2,168						95,671						(97.7)		%
Other			53,576						62,466						(14.2)		%
Total non-interest expenses			$	1,125,474					$	1,300,510					(13.5)		%

Total Non-interest Expenses

•Non-interest expenses were $1.13 billion for three months ended February 28, 2023, a decrease 13.5%, compared with $1.30 billion for the prior year comparable quarter. The decrease is primarily due to lower compensation and benefits expense, generally in line with the decline in net revenues in our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment and a decrease in cost of sales given the sale of Idaho Timber in the third quarter of 2022.

Compensation and Benefits

•Compensation and benefits expense consists of salaries, benefits, commissions, annual cash compensation and share-based awards and the amortization of share-based and cash compensation awards to employees.

•Cash and share-based awards and a portion of cash awards granted to employees as part of year end compensation generally contain provisions such that employees who terminate their employment or are terminated without cause may continue to vest in their awards, so long as those awards are not forfeited as a result of other forfeiture provisions (primarily non-compete clauses) of those awards. Accordingly, the compensation expense for a portion of awards granted at year end as part of annual compensation is recorded during the year of the award. Compensation and benefits expense includes amortization expense associated with these awards to the extent vesting is contingent on future service. In addition, certain awards to our Chief Executive Officer and our President contain market and performance conditions and the awards are amortized over their service periods.

•Compensation and benefits expense was $703.1 million and $790.8 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is consistent with the decrease in our net revenues in our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment. A significant portion of our compensation expense is highly variable with net revenues.

•Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues was 54.8% and 46.7% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

•Compensation expense related to the amortization of share- and cash-based awards amounted to $81.3 million and $41.7 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

•Employee headcount was 5,401 at February 28, 2023, a decrease of 224 employees from our headcount of 5,625 at February 28, 2022. Our headcount decreased as a result of the sale of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Idaho Timber, and the spin-off of Vitesse Energy. The decrease was partially offset by growth in our investment banking headcount, as well as additions in technology and other corporate services staff to support our growth and strategic priorities.

•Refer to Note 13, Compensation Plans, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details on compensation and benefits.

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Non-interest Expenses (Excluding Compensation and Benefits)

•Non-interest expenses, excluding Compensation and benefits, as a percentage of Net revenues was 32.9% and 30.1% for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively, demonstrating the operating leverage inherent in our business and was impacted by the following:

◦Technology and communication expenses were higher related to the development of various trading and management systems and increased market data costs.

◦Business development expenses were higher as business travel, conferences and other events increased from the prior year comparable quarter, resuming on a more steady basis from levels of the most recent years.

◦Professional services expenses were higher primarily on increased transaction related legal fees as well as consulting fees related to corporate risk and technology initiatives.

◦Cost of sales were lower reflecting the sale of Idaho Timber.

Income Taxes

•For the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, the provision for income taxes was $28.7 million and $64.4 million, respectively, equating to an effective tax rate of 18.2% and 16.4%, respectively.

•The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended February 28, 2023, as compared to the prior year comparable quarter, is primarily due to the recognition of a smaller excess tax benefit on restricted stock units distributed in the first quarter of 2023 than the prior year comparable quarter.

•Refer to Note 19, Income Taxes, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for further details on income taxes.

Accounting Developments

There are no accounting standard updates, except as discussed in Note 3, Accounting Developments, in our consolidated financial statement included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which we have either determined are applicable or expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes. Actual results can and may differ from estimates. These differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.

We believe our application of U.S. GAAP and the associated estimates are reasonable. Our accounting estimates are reevaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.

For further discussions of the following significant accounting policies and other significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022.

Valuation of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased are recorded at fair value. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the exit price). Unrealized gains or losses are generally recognized in Principal transactions revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Fair Value Hierarchy – In determining fair value, we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect our assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. We apply a hierarchy to categorize our fair value measurements broken down into three levels based on the transparency of inputs, where Level 1 uses observable prices in active markets and Level 3 uses valuation techniques that incorporate significant unobservable inputs. Greater use of management judgment is required in determining fair value when inputs are less observable or unobservable in the marketplace, such as when the volume or level of trading activity for a financial instrument has decreased and when certain factors suggest that observed transactions may not be reflective of orderly market transactions. Judgment must be applied in determining the appropriateness of available prices, particularly in assessing whether available data reflects current prices and/or reflects the results of recent market transactions. Prices or quotes are weighed when estimating fair value with greater reliability placed on information from transactions that are considered to be representative of orderly market transactions.

Fair value is a market-based measure; therefore, when market observable inputs are not available, our judgment is applied to reflect those judgments that a market participant would use in valuing the same asset or liability. The availability of observable inputs can vary for different products. We use prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date even in periods of market disruption or illiquidity. The valuation of financial instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy involves the greatest extent of management judgment. (See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 and Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on the definitions of fair value, Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 and related valuation techniques.)

For information on the composition of our Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased recorded at fair value and the composition of activity of our Level 3 assets and Level 3 liabilities, see Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Controls Over the Valuation Process for Financial Instruments – Our Independent Price Verification Group, independent of the trading function, plays an important role in determining that our financial instruments are appropriately valued and that fair value measurements are reliable. This is particularly important where prices or valuations that require inputs are less observable. In the event that observable inputs are not available, the control processes are designed to assure that the valuation approach utilized is appropriate and consistently applied and that the assumptions are reasonable. Where a pricing model is used to determine fair value, these control processes include reviews of the pricing model’s theoretical soundness and appropriateness by risk management personnel with relevant expertise who are independent from the trading desks. In addition, recently executed comparable transactions and other observable market data are considered for purposes of validating assumptions underlying the model.

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Income Taxes

Significant judgment is required in estimating our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. In determining the provision for income taxes, we must make judgments and interpretations about how to apply inherently complex tax laws to numerous transactions and business events. In addition, we must make estimates about the amount, timing and geographic mix of future taxable income, which includes various tax planning strategies to utilize tax attributes and deferred tax assets before they expire.

We record a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax asset to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We are required to consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, and to weigh the evidence when determining whether a valuation allowance is required and the amount of such valuation allowance. Generally, greater weight is required to be placed on objectively verifiable evidence when making this assessment, in particular on recent historical operating results.

We also record reserves for unrecognized tax benefits based on our assessment of the probability of successfully sustaining tax filing positions. Management exercises significant judgment when assessing the probability of successfully sustaining tax filing positions, and in determining whether a contingent tax liability should be recorded and if so, estimating the amount. If our tax filing positions are successfully challenged, payments could be required that are in excess of reserved amounts or we may be required to reduce the carrying amount of our net deferred tax asset, either of which could be significant to our financial condition or results of operations.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate, in management's judgment, that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. When testing for impairment, we group our long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (or asset group). The determination of whether an asset group is recoverable is based on management's estimate of undiscounted future cash flows directly attributable to the asset group as compared to its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the asset group is greater than the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its estimated fair value.

Impairment of Equity Method Investments

We evaluate equity method investments for impairment when operating losses or other factors may indicate a decrease in value which is other than temporary. We consider a variety of factors including economic conditions nationally and in their geographic areas of operation, adverse changes in the industry in which they operate, declines in business prospects, deterioration in earnings, increasing costs of operations and other relevant factors specific to the investee. Whenever we believe conditions or events indicate that one of these investments might be significantly impaired, we obtain from such investee updated cash flow projections. We use this information and, together with discussions with the investee's management and comparable public company analysis, evaluate if the book value of its investment exceeds its fair value, and if so and the situation is deemed other than temporary, record an impairment charge.

In the first quarter of 2023, we performed a valuation of our equity method investment in Golden Queen as forecasts of the expected future production of gold and silver from its mine had declined from previous periods. Our estimate of fair value was based on a discounted cash flow analysis, which included management’s projections of future Golden Queen cash flows and a discount rate of 11.0%. The estimated fair value of our investment in Golden Queen was $24.2 million, which was $22.1 million lower than our prior carrying value at November 30, 2022. As a result, an impairment loss of $22.1 million was recorded in Other income in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three months ended February 28, 2023.

Goodwill

At February 28, 2023, Goodwill recorded in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition is $1.74 billion (3.3% of total assets). The nature and accounting for goodwill is discussed in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 and Note 11, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Goodwill must be allocated to reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually, or when circumstances or events make it more likely than not that an impairment occurred. Goodwill is tested by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. Our annual goodwill impairment testing date for a substantial portion of our reporting units is August 1 and November 30 for other identified reporting units. The results of our annual tests did not indicate any goodwill impairment.

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We use allocated tangible equity plus allocated goodwill and intangible assets for the carrying amount of each reporting unit. The amount of tangible equity allocated to a reporting unit is based on our cash capital model deployed in managing our businesses, which seeks to approximate the capital a business would require if it were operating independently. For further information on our Cash Capital Policy, refer to the Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources section herein. Intangible assets are allocated to a reporting unit based on either specifically identifying a particular intangible asset as pertaining to a reporting unit or, if shared among reporting units, based on an assessment of the reporting unit’s benefit from the intangible asset in order to generate results.

Estimating the fair value of a reporting unit requires management judgment and often involves the use of estimates and assumptions that could have a significant effect on whether or not an impairment charge is recorded and the magnitude of such a charge. Estimated fair values for our reporting units utilize market valuation methods that incorporate price-to-earnings and price-to-book multiples of comparable public companies and/or projected cash flows. Under the market valuation approach, the key assumptions are the selected multiples and our internally developed projections of future profitability, growth and return on equity for each reporting unit. The weight assigned to the multiples requires judgment in qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the size, profitability and the nature of the business activities of the reporting units as compared to the comparable publicly-traded companies. The valuation methodology for our reporting units are sensitive to management’s forecasts of future profitability, which are a significant component of the valuation and come with a level of uncertainty regarding trading volumes and capital market transaction levels. In addition, as the fair values determined under the market valuation approach represent a noncontrolling interest, we apply a control premium to arrive at the estimate fair value of each reporting unit on a controlling basis.

The carrying values of goodwill by reporting unit at February 28, 2023 are as follows: $722.3 million in Investment Banking, $254.8 million in Equities and Wealth Management, $575.6 million in Fixed Income, $143.0 million in Asset Management and $40.2 million attributed to various individual legacy merchant banking investments.

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Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources

Our CFO and Global Treasurer are responsible for developing and implementing our liquidity, funding and capital management strategies. These policies are determined by the nature and needs of our day to day business operations, business opportunities, regulatory obligations, and liquidity requirements.

Our actual levels of capital, total assets and financial leverage are a function of a number of factors, including asset composition, business initiatives and opportunities, regulatory requirements and cost and availability of both long term and short term funding. We have historically maintained a balance sheet consisting of a large portion of our total assets in cash and liquid marketable securities. The liquid nature of these assets provides us with flexibility in financing and managing our business.

We also own a legacy portfolio of businesses and investments that are reflected as consolidated subsidiaries, equity investments or securities. We are in the process of liquidating a substantial portion of this portfolio with the intention of selling to third parties or distributing to shareholders this portfolio over the next few years.

In keeping with our strategy of returning excess liquidity to shareholders, during the three months ended February 28, 2023, we returned an aggregate of $704.5 million to shareholders primarily in the form of $68.8 million in cash dividends, the repurchase of 2.6 million common shares for a total of $97.9 million at a weighted average price of $38.01 per share, and on January 13, 2023, we distributed our ownership interests in Vitesse Energy on a tax-free pro rata basis to all shareholders, resulting in a distribution of capital of $527.0 million.

We maintain modest leverage to support our investment grade ratings. The growth of our balance sheet is supported by our equity and we have quantitative metrics in place to monitor leverage and double leverage. Our capital plan is robust, in order to sustain our operating model through stressed conditions. We maintain adequate financial resources to support business activities in both normal and stressed market conditions, including a buffer in excess of our regulatory, or other internal or external, requirements. Our access to funding and liquidity is stable and efficient to ensure that there is sufficient liquidity to meet our financial obligations in normal and stressed market conditions.

Our Balance Sheet

A business unit level balance sheet and cash capital analysis are prepared and reviewed with senior management on a weekly basis. As a part of this balance sheet review process, capital is allocated to all assets and gross balance sheet limits are adjusted, as necessary. This process ensures that the allocation of capital and costs of capital are incorporated into business decisions. The goals of this process are to protect the firm’s platform, enable our businesses to remain competitive, maintain the ability to manage capital proactively and hold businesses accountable for both balance sheet and capital usage.

We actively monitor and evaluate our financial condition and the composition of our assets and liabilities. We continually monitor our overall securities inventory, including the inventory turnover rate, which confirms the liquidity of our overall assets. A significant portion of our financial instruments are valued on a daily basis and we monitor and employ balance sheet limits for our various businesses.

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The following table provides detail on selected balance sheet items (dollars in millions):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						% Change
Total assets			$	52,032.9					$	51,057.7					1.9		%
Cash and cash equivalents			7,508.5						9,703.1						(22.6)		%
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations			1,014.9						957.3						6.0		%
Financial instruments owned			21,083.0						18,666.3						12.9		%
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased			11,038.1						11,056.5						(0.2)		%
Total Level 3 assets			819.2						791.5						3.5		%
Securities borrowed			$	7,620.1					$	5,831.1					30.7		%
Securities purchased under agreements to resell			3,379.7						4,546.7						(25.7)		%
Total securities borrowed and securities purchased under agreements to resell			$	10,999.8					$	10,377.8					6.0		%
Securities loaned			$	1,551.1					$	1,366.0					13.6		%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			8,933.9						7,452.3						19.9		%
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase			$	10,485.0					$	8,818.3					18.9		%

Total assets at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 were $52.03 billion and $51.06 billion, respectively, an increase of 1.9%. During the three months ended February 28, 2023, average total assets were approximately 13.3% higher than total assets at February 28, 2023.

Our total Financial instruments owned inventory was $21.08 billion at February 28, 2023, an increase of 12.9%, from $18.67 billion at November 30, 2022. During the three months ended February 28, 2023, our total Financial instruments owned inventory increased primarily due to increases in government and federal agency securities, corporate debt securities and corporate equity securities, partially offset by a decrease in municipal securities. Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased inventory was $11.04 billion at February 28, 2023, a decrease of 0.2% from $11.06 billion at November 30, 2022, with the decrease primarily driven by decreases in government and federal agency securities and sovereign obligations, partially offset by increases in corporate debt securities. Our overall net inventory position was $10.04 billion and $7.61 billion at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, respectively, with the increase primarily due to increases in government and federal agency securities and corporate equity securities, partially offset by a decrease in municipal securities. Our Level 3 Financial instruments owned as a percentage of total Financial instruments owned decreased to 3.9% at February 28, 2023 from 4.2% at November 30, 2022. The percentage decrease is primarily related to an increase in total Financial instruments owned as a result of customer flows for government and federal agency securities.

Securities financing assets and liabilities include financing for our financial instruments trading activity, matched book transactions and mortgage finance transactions. Matched book transactions accommodate customers, as well as obtain securities for the settlement and financing of inventory positions. The aggregate outstanding balance of our securities financing assets and liabilities increase or decrease from period to period depending on fluctuations in the level of our client activity and the level of our own trading activity. Our average month end balance of total reverse repos and stock borrows during the three months ended February 28, 2023 were 35.5% higher than the February 28, 2023 balance. Our average month end balances of total repos and stock loans during the three months ended February 28, 2023 were 31.3% higher than the February 28, 2023 balance.

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The following table presents our period end balance, average balance and maximum balance at any month end within the periods presented for Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (dollars in millions):

			Three Months Ended  February 28, 2023						Year Ended  November 30, 2022
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell:
Period end			$	3,380					$	4,547
Month end average			6,369						7,489
Maximum month end			8,331						10,428
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase:
Period end			$	8,934					$	7,452
Month end average			11,889						11,738
Maximum month end			15,022						17,417

Fluctuations in the balance of our repurchase agreements from period to period and intraperiod are dependent on business activity in those periods. Additionally, the fluctuations in the balances of our securities purchased under agreements to resell are influenced in any given period by our clients’ balances and our clients’ desires to execute collateralized financing arrangements via the repurchase market or via other financing products. Average balances and period end balances will fluctuate based on market and liquidity conditions and we consider the fluctuations intraperiod to be typical for the repurchase market.

Leverage Ratios

The following table presents total assets, total equity, total Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders’ equity and tangible Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders’ equity with the resulting leverage ratios (dollars in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Total assets			$	52,032,943					$	51,057,683
Total equity			$	9,811,429					$	10,295,479
Total Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders’ equity			$	9,755,244					$	10,232,846
Deduct: Goodwill and intangible assets			(1,872,850)						(1,875,576)
Tangible Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders’ equity			$	7,882,394					$	8,357,270
Leverage ratio (1)			5.3						5.0
Tangible gross leverage ratio (2)			6.4						5.9

(1)Leverage ratio equals total assets divided by total equity.

(2)Tangible gross leverage ratio (a non-GAAP financial measure) equals total assets less goodwill and identifiable intangible assets divided by tangible Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders’ equity. The tangible gross leverage ratio is used by rating agencies in assessing our leverage ratio.

Liquidity Management

The key objectives of the liquidity management framework are to support the successful execution of our business strategies while ensuring sufficient liquidity through the business cycle and during periods of financial distress. Our liquidity management policies are designed to mitigate the potential risk that we may be unable to access adequate financing to service our financial obligations without material franchise or business impact.

The principal elements of our liquidity management framework are our Contingency Funding Plan, our Cash Capital Policy and our assessment of Modeled Liquidity Outflow (“MLO”).

Contingency Funding Plan. Our Contingency Funding Plan is based on a model of a potential liquidity contraction over a one year time period. This incorporates potential cash outflows during a market or our idiosyncratic liquidity stress event, including, but not limited to, the following:

•Repayment of all unsecured debt maturing within one year and no incremental unsecured debt issuance;

•Maturity rolloff of outstanding letters of credit with no further issuance and replacement with cash collateral;

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•Higher margin requirements than currently exist on assets on securities financing activity, including repurchase agreements and other secured funding;

•Liquidity outflows related to possible credit downgrade;

•Lower availability of secured funding;

•Client cash withdrawals;

•The anticipated funding of outstanding investment and loan commitments; and

•Certain accrued expenses and other liabilities and fixed costs.

Cash Capital Policy. We maintain a cash capital model that measures long-term funding sources against requirements. Sources of cash capital include our equity, mezzanine equity and the noncurrent portion of long-term borrowings. Uses of cash capital include the following:

•Illiquid assets such as equipment, goodwill, net intangible assets, exchange memberships, deferred tax assets and certain investments;

•A portion of securities inventory and other assets not expected to be financed on a secured basis in a credit stressed environment (i.e., margin requirements); and

•Drawdowns of unfunded commitments.

To ensure that we do not need to liquidate inventory in the event of a funding stress, we seek to maintain surplus cash capital. Our total long-term capital of $16.87 billion at February 28, 2023 exceeded our cash capital requirements.

MLO. Our businesses are diverse, and our liquidity needs are determined by many factors, including market movements, collateral requirements and client commitments, all of which can change dramatically in a difficult funding environment. During a liquidity stress, credit-sensitive funding, including unsecured debt and some types of secured financing agreements, may be unavailable, and the terms (e.g., interest rates, collateral provisions and tenor) or availability of other types of secured financing may change. As a result of our policy to ensure we have sufficient funds to cover what we estimate may be needed in a liquidity stress, we hold more cash and unencumbered securities and have greater long-term debt balances than our businesses would otherwise require. As part of this estimation process, we calculate an MLO that could be experienced in a liquidity stress. MLO is based on a scenario that includes both a market-wide stress and firm-specific stress, characterized by some or all of the following elements:

•Global recession, default by a medium-sized sovereign, low consumer and corporate confidence, and general financial instability.

•Severely challenged market environment with material declines in equity markets and widening of credit spreads.

•Damaging follow-on impacts to financial institutions leading to the failure of a large bank.

•A firm-specific crisis potentially triggered by material losses, reputational damage, litigation, executive departure, and/or a ratings downgrade.

The following are the critical modeling parameters of the MLO:

•Liquidity needs over a 30-day scenario.

•A two-notch downgrade of our long-term senior unsecured credit ratings.

•No support from government funding facilities.

•A combination of contractual outflows, such as upcoming maturities of unsecured debt, and contingent outflows (e.g., actions though not contractually required, we may deem necessary in a crisis). We assume that most contingent outflows will occur within the initial days and weeks of a stress.

•No diversification benefit across liquidity risks. We assume that liquidity risks are additive.

The calculation of our MLO under the above stresses and modeling parameters considers the following potential contractual and contingent cash and collateral outflows:

•All upcoming maturities of unsecured long-term debt, commercial paper, promissory notes and other unsecured funding products assuming we will be unable to issue new unsecured debt or rollover any maturing debt.

•Repurchases of our outstanding long-term debt in the ordinary course of business as a market maker.

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•A portion of upcoming contractual maturities of secured funding activity due to either the inability to refinance or the ability to refinance only at wider haircuts (i.e., on terms which require us to post additional collateral). Our assumptions reflect, among other factors, the quality of the underlying collateral and counterparty concentration.

•Collateral postings to counterparties due to adverse changes in the value of our over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives and other outflows due to trade terminations, collateral substitutions, collateral disputes, collateral calls or termination payments required by a two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings.

•Variation margin postings required due to adverse changes in the value of our outstanding exchange-traded derivatives and any increase in initial margin and guarantee fund requirements by derivative clearing houses.

•Liquidity outflows associated with our prime services business, including withdrawals of customer credit balances, and a reduction in customer short positions.

•Liquidity outflows to clearing banks to ensure timely settlements of cash and securities transactions.

•Draws on our unfunded commitments considering, among other things, the type of commitment and counterparty.

•Other upcoming large cash outflows, such as employee compensation, tax and dividend payments, with no expectation of future dividends from any subsidiaries.

Based on the sources and uses of liquidity calculated under the MLO scenarios, we determine, based on a calculated surplus or deficit, additional long-term funding that may be needed versus funding through the repurchase financing market and consider any adjustments that may be necessary to our inventory balances and cash holdings. At February 28, 2023, we had sufficient excess liquidity to meet all contingent cash outflows detailed in the MLO. We regularly refine our model to reflect changes in market or economic conditions and our business mix.

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Sources of Liquidity

The following are financial instruments that are cash and cash equivalents or are deemed by management to be generally readily convertible into cash, marginable or accessible for liquidity purposes within a relatively short period of time (dollars in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						Average Balance Three Months Ended February 28, 2023 (1)						November 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash in banks			$	2,125,786					$	3,576,575					$	2,541,021
Money market investments (2)			5,382,722						4,511,179						7,162,088
Total cash and cash equivalents			7,508,508						8,087,754						9,703,109
Other sources of liquidity:
Debt securities owned and securities purchased under agreements to resell (3)			1,724,858						1,766,400						1,417,177
Other (4)			488,225						618,341						520,714
Total other sources			2,213,083						2,384,741						1,937,891
Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources			$	9,721,591					$	10,472,495					$	11,641,000
Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets			18.7		%										22.8		%
Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets less goodwill and intangible assets			19.4		%										23.7		%

(1)Average balances are calculated based on weekly balances.

(2)At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, $5.34 billion and $7.14 billion, respectively, was invested in U.S. government money funds that invest at least 99.5% of its total assets in cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored entities and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or government securities. The remaining $41.7 million at both February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 are invested in AAA rated prime money funds. The average balance of U.S. government money funds for the quarter ended February 28, 2023 was $4.49 billion.

(3)Consists of high quality sovereign government securities and reverse repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities and other high quality sovereign government securities; deposits with a central bank within the European Economic Area, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan, Switzerland or the U.S.; and securities issued by a designated multilateral development bank and reverse repurchase agreements with underlying collateral composed of these securities.

(4)Other includes unencumbered inventory representing an estimate of the amount of additional secured financing that could be reasonably expected to be obtained from our Financial instruments owned that are currently not pledged after considering reasonable financing haircuts.

In addition to the cash balances and liquidity pool presented above, the majority of financial instruments (both long and short) in our trading accounts are actively traded and readily marketable. At February 28, 2023, we had the ability to readily obtain repurchase financing for 77.7% of our inventory at haircuts of 10% or less, which reflects the liquidity of our inventory. In addition, as a matter of our policy, all of these assets have internal capital assessed, which is in addition to the funding haircuts provided in the securities finance markets. Additionally, certain of our Financial instruments owned, primarily consisting of bank loans, consumer loans and investments are predominantly funded by long term capital. Under our cash capital policy, we model capital allocation levels that are more stringent than the haircuts used in the market for secured funding; and we maintain surplus capital at these more stringent levels. We continually assess the liquidity of our inventory based on the level at which we could obtain financing in the marketplace for a given asset. Assets are considered to be liquid if financing can be obtained in the repurchase market or the securities lending market at collateral haircut levels of 10% or less.

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The following summarizes our financial instruments by asset class that we consider to be of a liquid nature and the amount of such assets that have not been pledged as collateral at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023												November 30, 2022
			Liquid Financial Instruments						Unencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2)						Liquid Financial Instruments						Unencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2)
Corporate equity securities			$	3,583,849					$	663,018					$	3,040,844					$	846,520
Corporate debt securities			3,530,762						110,412						3,215,807						34,405
U.S. government, agency and municipal securities			5,148,885						149,564						4,032,215						59,909
Other sovereign obligations			1,477,273						1,035,179						1,679,573						803,738
Agency mortgage-backed securities (1)			2,474,913						—						2,514,773						—
Loans and other receivables			161,206						—						111,681						—
Total			$	16,376,888					$	1,958,173					$	14,594,893					$	1,744,572

(1)Consists solely of agency mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”).

(2)Unencumbered liquid balances represent assets that can be sold or used as collateral for a loan, but have not been.

In addition to being able to be readily financed at reasonable haircut levels, we estimate that each of the individual securities within each asset class above could be sold into the market and converted into cash within three business days under normal market conditions, assuming that the entire portfolio of a given asset class was not simultaneously liquidated. There are no restrictions on the unencumbered liquid securities, nor have they been pledged as collateral.

Sources of Funding and Capital Resources

Our assets are funded by equity capital, senior debt, securities loaned, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, customer free credit balances, bank loans and other payables.

Secured Financing

We rely principally on readily available secured funding to finance our inventory of financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold. Our ability to support increases in total assets is largely a function of our ability to obtain short and intermediate-term secured funding, primarily through securities financing transactions. We finance a portion of our long inventory and cover some of our short inventory by pledging and borrowing securities in the form of repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements (collectively “repos”), respectively. At February 28, 2023, approximately 67.0% of our cash and noncash repurchase financing activities use collateral that is considered eligible collateral by central clearing corporations. During the three months ended February 28, 2023, an average of approximately 72.9% of our cash and noncash repurchase financing activities used collateral that was considered eligible collateral by central clearing corporations. Central clearing corporations are situated between participating members who borrow cash and lend securities (or vice versa); accordingly, repo participants contract with the central clearing corporation and not one another individually. Therefore, counterparty credit risk is borne by the central clearing corporation which mitigates the risk through initial margin demands and variation margin calls from repo participants. The comparatively large proportion of our total repo activity that is eligible for central clearing reflects the high quality and liquid composition of the inventory we carry in our trading books. For those asset classes not eligible for central clearing house financing, we seek to execute our bi-lateral financings on an extended term basis and the tenor of our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements generally exceeds the expected holding period of the assets we are financing. The weighted average maturity of cash and noncash repurchase agreements for non-clearing corporation eligible funded inventory is approximately five months at February 28, 2023.

Our ability to finance our inventory via central clearinghouses and bi-lateral arrangements is augmented by our ability to draw bank loans on an uncommitted basis under our various banking arrangements. At February 28, 2023, short-term borrowings, which must be repaid within one year or less, totaled $477.8 million and include bank loans, overdrafts, borrowings under revolving credit facilities, a floating rate puttable and a fixed rate callable note. Interest under the bank lines is generally at a spread over the federal funds rate. Letters of credit are used in the normal course of business mostly to satisfy various collateral requirements in favor of exchanges in lieu of depositing cash or securities. Average daily short-term borrowings outstanding were $520.0 million for three months ended February 28, 2023.

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At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, our borrowings under credit facilities classified within bank loans in Short-term borrowings in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition were $465.0 million and $517.0 million, respectively. Our borrowings include credit facilities that contain certain covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth, require a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for our U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC, and impose certain restrictions on the future indebtedness of certain of our subsidiaries that are borrowers. Interest is based on rates at spreads over the federal funds rate or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements, or at a rate as agreed between the bank and us in reference to the bank’s cost of funding. At February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under these credit facilities.

For additional details on our short-term borrowings, refer to Note 14, Short-Term Borrowings, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

In addition to the above financing arrangements, we issue notes backed by eligible collateral under master repurchase agreements, which provides an additional financing source for our inventory (our “repurchase agreement financing program”). The notes issued under this program are presented within Other secured financings in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At February 28, 2023, the outstanding notes totaled $1.20 billion, bear interest at a spread over the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and mature from March 2023 to July 2025.

For additional details on our repurchase agreement financing program, refer to Note 8, Variable Interest Entities, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Total Long-Term Capital

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, we had total long-term capital of $16.87 billion and $17.49 billion, respectively, resulting in a long-term debt to equity capital ratio of 0.72:1 and 0.69:1, respectively. See “Equity Capital” herein for further information on our change in total equity. Our total long-term capital base at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Unsecured Long-Term Debt (1)			$	7,055,110					$	7,065,663
Total Mezzanine Equity			1,802						131,461
Total Equity			9,811,429						10,295,479
Total Long-Term Capital			$	16,868,341					$	17,492,603

(1)The amounts at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 exclude our secured long-term debt. The amounts at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, exclude $385.5 million and $393.0 million, respectively, of our 5.500% Senior Notes, as these notes mature on October 18, 2023. The amounts at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, also exclude $19.9 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of structured notes that mature within one year.

Long-Term Debt

During the three months ended February 28, 2023, long-term debt decreased by $148.5 million to $8.63 billion at February 28, 2023, as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, primarily due to $120.2 million of net repayments related to our secured credit facilities and unsecured long-term debt, a decrease of $46.2 million as a result of the Vitesse Energy spin-off and $26.2 million of gains on certain of our senior notes associated with interest rate swaps based on their designation as fair value hedges, partially offset by $25.7 million of losses related to fair value changes of our unsecured structured notes. At February 28, 2023, all of our structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in other comprehensive income and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transactions revenues. The fair value of all of our structured notes at February 28, 2023 was $1.61 billion.

At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, our borrowings under several credit facilities classified within Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition amounted to $775.1 million and $933.5 million, respectively. Interest on these credit facilities are based on adjusted LIBOR rates, Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a spread or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements. The credit facility agreements contain certain covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain specified levels of tangible net worth and liquidity amounts, and impose certain restrictions on future indebtedness of and require specified levels of regulated capital and cash reserves for certain of our subsidiaries. At February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under these credit facilities except for one facility secured by automobile loans for which technical covenant violations have occurred that are in the process of being resolved with the lenders. There was no amount outstanding under this facility at February 28, 2023.

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In addition, one of our subsidiaries has a Loan and Security Agreement with a bank for a term loan (“Secured Bank Loan”). At February 28, 2023, borrowings under the Secured Bank Loan amounted to $100.0 million and are also classified within Long-term debt in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Secured Bank Loan matures on September 13, 2024 and is collateralized by certain trading securities with an interest rate of 1.25% plus LIBOR. The agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, restricts lien or encumbrance upon any of the pledged collateral. At February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Secured Bank Loan.

HomeFed funds certain of its real estate projects in part by raising funds under the Immigrant Investor Program administered by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act ("EB-5 Program"). This debt is secured by certain real estate of HomeFed. At February 28, 2023, HomeFed was in compliance with all debt covenants which include, among other requirements, limitations on incurrence of debt, collateral requirements and restricted use of proceeds. Primarily all of HomeFed's EB-5 Program debt matures in 2024 through 2026.

At February 28, 2023, HomeFed has construction loans with an aggregate committed amount of $101.9 million. The proceeds are being used for construction at certain of its real estate projects. The outstanding principal amount of the loans bears interest based on the 30-day LIBOR or the SOFR, plus spreads of 2.15% to 3.00%, subject to adjustment on the first of each calendar month. At February 28, 2023, the weighted average interest rate on these loans was 7.26%. The loans mature between October 2023 and May 2024 and are collateralized by the property underlying the related project with a guarantee by HomeFed. At February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022, $81.5 million and $57.0 million, respectively, was outstanding under the construction loan agreements.

At February 28, 2023, our unsecured long-term debt has a weighted average maturity of approximately 9.3 years.

For further information, see Note 15, Long-Term Debt, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Our long-term debt ratings at February 28, 2023 are as follows:

			Rating						Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service			Baa2						Stable
Standard and Poor’s			BBB						Stable
Fitch Ratings (1)			BBB						Positive

At February 28, 2023, the long-term debt ratings on our principal subsidiaries, Jefferies LLC, Jefferies International Limited (a U.K. broker-dealer) and Jefferies GmbH are as follows:

Jefferies LLC

Jefferies International Limited

Jefferies GmbH

Rating

Outlook

Rating

Outlook

Rating

Outlook

Moody’s

Baa1

Stable

Baa1

Stable

Baa1

Stable

Standard and Poor’s

BBB+

Stable

BBB+

Stable

BBB+

Stable

Access to external financing to finance our day to day operations, as well as the cost of that financing, is dependent upon various factors, including our debt ratings. Our current debt ratings are dependent upon many factors, including industry dynamics, operating and economic environment, operating results, operating margins, earnings trend and volatility, balance sheet composition, liquidity and liquidity management, our capital structure, our overall risk management, business diversification and our market share and competitive position in the markets in which we operate. Deterioration in any of these factors could impact our credit ratings. While certain aspects of a credit rating downgrade are quantifiable pursuant to contractual provisions, the impact on our business and trading results in future periods is inherently uncertain and depends on a number of factors, including the magnitude of the downgrade, the behavior of individual clients and future mitigating action taken by us.

In connection with certain over-the-counter derivative contract arrangements and certain other trading arrangements, we may be required to provide additional collateral to counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations in the event of a credit rating downgrade. At February 28, 2023, the amount of additional collateral that could be called by counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations under the terms of such agreements in the event of a downgrade of our long-term credit rating below investment grade was $67.0 million. For certain foreign clearing organizations, credit rating is only one of several factors employed in determining collateral that could be called. The above represents management’s best estimate for additional collateral to be called in the event of a credit rating downgrade. The impact of additional collateral requirements is considered in our Contingency Funding Plan and calculation of MLO, as described above.

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Equity Capital

At February 28, 2023, we had 600,000,000 authorized shares of common stock with a par value of $1.00 per share. At February 28, 2023, we had outstanding 233,527,703 common shares, 15,221,987 share-based awards that do not require the holder to pay any exercise price and 5,074,740 stock options that require the holder to pay a weighted average exercise price of $22.69 per share. The 15,221,987 share-based awards include the target number of shares under the senior executive award plan until the performance period is complete.

During the three months ended February 28, 2023, we distributed all of our ownership interests in Vitesse Energy on a tax-free pro rata basis to all of our shareholders, resulting in a distribution of capital of $527.0 million. In addition, during the three months ended February 28, 2023, $125.0 million of mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares were converted to 4,654,362 common shares.

The Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of common stock under a share repurchase program. Additionally, Treasury stock repurchases include repurchases of common stock for net-share withholding under our equity compensation plan.

The table below presents information about common stock repurchases pursuant to the share repurchase program during the three months ended February 28, 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

			Three Months Ended  February 28, 2023
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs			—
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Purchased			$	—
Average Share Price of Shares Purchased			$	—

At February 28, 2023, we had $250.0 million remaining authorization of future repurchases.

Net Capital

As a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), Jefferies LLC is subject to the SEC Uniform Net Capital Rule (“Rule 15c3-1”), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, and has elected to calculate minimum capital requirements using the alternative method permitted by Rule 15c3-1 in calculating net capital. Jefferies LLC, as a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant (“FCM”), is also subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), which sets forth minimum financial requirements. The minimum net capital requirement in determining excess net capital for a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and FCM is equal to the greater of the requirement under Rule 15c3-1 or CFTC Rule 1.17.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) contains provisions that require the registration of all swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers, and/or major security-based swap participants. One of our subsidiaries, Jefferies Financial Services, Inc. (“JFSI”), a registered swap dealer, is subject to the CFTC’s regulatory capital requirements and holds regulatory capital in excess of the minimum regulatory requirement. Additionally, JFSI is registered as a security-based swap dealer with the SEC and is subject to the SEC’s security-based swap dealer regulatory rules. Further, JFSI is registered with the SEC as an OTC derivatives dealer, and is subject to compliance with the SEC’s net capital requirements. As a security-based swap dealer and swap dealer, JFSI is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC, CFTC and the NFA, as a member of the NFA. JFSI is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 18a-1 of not less than the greater of 2% of the risk margin amount, as defined, or $20 million.

At February 28, 2023, Jefferies LLC and JFSI’s net capital and excess net capital were as follows (in thousands):

			Net Capital						Excess Net Capital
Jefferies LLC			$	1,189,879					$	1,086,665
JFSI			$	280,356					$	260,356

FINRA is the designated examining authority for Jefferies LLC and the National Futures Association is the designated self-regulatory organization for Jefferies LLC as an FCM.

Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to capital adequacy requirements as prescribed by the regulatory authorities in their respective jurisdictions, including Jefferies International Limited which is subject to the regulatory supervision and requirements of the Financial Conduct Authority in the U.K.

The regulatory capital requirements referred to above may restrict our ability to withdraw capital from our regulated subsidiaries.

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Other Developments

In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. Following Russia’s invasion, the U.S., the U.K., and the European Union governments, among others, developed coordinated financial and economic sanctions targeting Russia that, in various ways, constrain transactions with numerous Russian entities, including major Russian banks and individuals; transactions in Russian sovereign debt; and investment, trade and financing to, from, or in certain regions of Ukraine. We do not have any operations in Russia or any clients with significant Russian operations and we have minimal market risk related to securities of companies either domiciled or operating in Russia. We continue to monitor the status of trading and the credit risk of our counterparties and we believe that any loss we might incur will be immaterial.

The publication of the one-week and two-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities and all non-U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities ceased on January 1, 2022, and the remaining U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities will cease immediately after June 30, 2023. We are a counterparty to a number of LIBOR-based contracts composed primarily of cleared derivative contracts and floating rate notes. We continue to make progress with our transition program to orderly transition from Interbank Offered Rates to alternative reference rates in accordance with applicable law and industry timelines, which includes a policy that limits new agreements that reference U.S. Dollar LIBOR or non-U.S Dollar LIBOR, except as permitted under certain circumstances. Our transition plan is designed to enable operational readiness and robust risk management and we are taking steps to update operational processes, models and contracts for any changes that may be required as well as reduce our overall exposure to LIBOR.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have contractual commitments arising in the ordinary course of business for securities loaned or purchased under agreements to resell, repurchase agreements, future purchases and sales of foreign currencies, securities transactions on a when-issued basis, purchases and sales of corporate loans in the secondary market and underwriting. Each of these financial instruments and activities contains varying degrees of off-balance sheet risk whereby the fair values of the securities underlying the financial instruments may be in excess of, or less than, the contract amount. The settlement of these transactions is not expected to have a material effect upon our consolidated financial statements.

In the normal course of business we engage in other off balance-sheet arrangements, including derivative contracts. Neither derivatives’ notional amounts nor underlying instrument values are reflected as assets or liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Rather, the fair values of derivative contracts are reported in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as Financial instruments owned or Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased as applicable. Derivative contracts are reflected net of cash paid or received pursuant to credit support agreements and are reported on a net by counterparty basis when a legal right of offset exists under an enforceable master netting agreement. For additional information about our accounting policies and our derivative activities, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022 and Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, and Note 5, Derivative Financial Instruments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Risk Management

Overview

Risk is an inherent part of our business and activities. The extent to which we properly and effectively identify, assess, monitor and manage each of the various types of risk involved in our activities is critical to our financial soundness, viability and profitability. Accordingly, we have a comprehensive risk management approach, with a formal governance structure and policies and procedures outlining frameworks and processes to identify, assess, monitor and manage risk. Principal risks involved in our business activities include market, credit, liquidity and capital, operational, legal and compliance, new business and reputational risk.

Risk management is a multifaceted process that requires communication, judgment and knowledge of financial products and markets. Our risk management process encompasses the active involvement of executive and senior management, and also many departments independent of the revenue-producing business units, including the Risk Management, Operations, Information Technology, Compliance, Legal and Finance Departments. Our risk management policies, procedures and methodologies are flexible in nature and are subject to ongoing review and modification.

In achieving our strategic business objectives, our risk appetite incorporates keeping our clients’ interests as top priority and ensuring we are in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as well as adhering to the highest ethical standards. We undertake prudent risk-taking that protects the capital base and franchise, utilizing risk limits and tolerances that avoid outsized risk-taking. We maintain a diversified business mix and avoid significant concentrations to any sector, product, geography, or activity and set quantitative concentration limits to manage this risk. We consider contagion, second order effects and correlation in our risk assessment process and actively seek out value opportunities of all sizes. We manage the risk of opportunities larger than our approved risk levels through risk sharing and risk distribution, sell-down and hedging as appropriate. We have a limited appetite for illiquid assets and complex derivative financial instruments. We maintain the asset quality of our balance sheet through conducting trading activity in liquid markets and generally ensure high turnover of our inventory. We subject less liquid positions and derivative financial instruments to particular scrutiny and use a wide variety of specific metrics, limits, and constraints to manage these risks. We protect our reputation and franchise, as well as our standing within the market. We operate a federated approach to risk management and assign risk oversight responsibilities to a number of functions with specific areas of focus.

For discussion of liquidity and capital risk management, refer to the “Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources” section herein.

Governance and Risk Management Structure

For a discussion of our governance and risk management structure and our risk management framework, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Risk Management” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022.

Risk Considerations

We apply a comprehensive framework of limits on a variety of key metrics to constrain the risk profile of our business activities. The size of the limits reflects our risk appetite for a certain activity under normal business conditions. Key metrics included in our risk management framework include inventory position and exposure limits on a gross and net basis, scenario analysis and stress tests, Value-at-Risk (“VaR”), sensitivities, exposure concentrations, aged inventory, Level 3 assets, counterparty exposure, leverage and cash capital.

Market Risk

Market risk is defined as the risk of loss due to fluctuations in the market value of financial assets and liabilities attributable to changes in market variables.

Our market risk principally arises from interest rate risk, from exposure to changes in the yield curve, the volatility of interest rates, and credit spreads, and from equity price risks from exposure to changes in prices and volatilities of individual equities, equity baskets and equity indices. In addition, commodity price risk results from exposure to the changes in prices and volatilities of individual commodities, commodity baskets and commodity indices, and foreign exchange risk results from changes in foreign currency rates.

Market risk is present in our capital markets business through market making, proprietary trading, underwriting and investing activities and is present in our asset management business through investments in separately managed accounts and direct investments in funds. Given our involvement in a broad set of financial products and markets, market risk exposures are diversified, and economic hedges are established as appropriate.

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Market risk is monitored and managed through a set of key risk metrics such as VaR, stress scenarios, risk sensitivities and position exposures. Limits are set on the key risk metrics to monitor and control the risk exposure ensuring that it is in line with our risk appetite. Our risk appetite, including the market risk limits, is periodically reviewed to reflect business strategy and market environment. Material risk changes, top/emerging risks and limit utilizations/breaches are highlighted, through risk reporting, and escalated as necessary.

Trading is principally managed through front office trader mandates, where each trader is provided a specific mandate in line with our product registry. Mandates set out the activities, currencies, countries and products that the desk is permitted to trade in and set the limits applicable to the desk. Traders are responsible for knowing their trading limits and trading in a manner consistent with their mandate.

VaR

VaR is a statistical estimate of the potential loss from adverse market movements over a specified time horizon within a specified probability (confidence level). It provides a common risk measure across financial instruments, markets and asset classes. We estimate VaR using a model that simulates revenue and loss distributions by applying historical market changes to the current portfolio. We calculate a one-day VaR using a one year look-back period measured at a 95% confidence level.

As with all measures of VaR, our estimate has inherent limitations due to the assumption that historical changes in market conditions are representative of the future. Furthermore, the VaR model measures the risk of a current static position over a one-day horizon and might not capture the market risk over a longer time horizon where moves may be more extreme. Previous changes in market risk factors may not generate accurate predictions of future market movements. While we believe the assumptions and inputs in our risk model are reasonable, we could incur losses greater than the reported VaR. Consequently, this VaR estimate is only one of a number of tools we use in our daily risk management activities.

The table below shows firmwide VaR for each component of market risk by interest rate and credit spreads, equity, currency and commodity products using the past 365 days of historical data (in millions):

									Daily Firmwide VaR (1)
			VaR at February 28, 2023																								VaR at November 30, 2022
									Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2023																								Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended November 30, 2022
Risk Categories									Average						High						Low												Average						High						Low
Interest Rates and Credit    Spreads			$	7.72					$	6.32					$	9.16					$	4.31					$	6.26					$	7.59					$	9.01					$	5.98
Equity Prices			13.31						9.57						13.39						6.53						7.91						5.42						7.99						3.55
Currency Rates			0.37						0.25						0.37						0.22						0.22						0.23						0.32						0.02
Commodity Prices			0.15						0.15						0.32						0.07						0.09						0.16						0.26						0.09
Diversification Effect (2)			(3.85)						(3.44)						N/A						N/A						(3.12)						(2.78)						N/A						N/A
Firmwide VaR (3)			$	17.70					$	12.85					$	19.93					$	9.12					$	11.36					$	10.62					$	12.24					$	8.84

(1)For the firmwide VaR numbers reported above, a one-day time horizon, with a one year look-back period, and a 95% confidence level were used.

(2)The diversification effect is not applicable for the maximum and minimum VaR values as the firmwide VaR and the VaR values for the four risk categories might have occurred on different days during the period.

(3)The aggregated VaR presented here is less than the sum of the individual components (i.e., interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, equity risk and commodity price risk) due to the benefit of diversification among the four risk categories. Diversification benefit equals the difference between aggregated VaR and the sum of VaRs for the four risk categories and arises because the market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.

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The table below shows VaR for our capital markets trading activities, which excludes the impact on VaR for each component of market risk from our asset management activities by interest rate and credit spreads, equity, currency and commodity products using the past 365 days of historical data (in millions):

									Daily Capital Markets VaR (1)
			VaR at February 28, 2023																								VaR at November 30, 2022
									Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2023																								Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended November 30, 2022
Risk Categories									Average						High						Low												Average						High						Low
Interest Rates and Credit    Spreads			$	6.97					$	5.82					$	8.29					$	4.01					$	6.01					$	6.82					$	8.63					$	5.58
Equity Prices			6.26						7.99						10.68						5.75						8.09						6.49						8.40						4.81
Currency Rates			0.02						0.02						0.17						0.01						0.01						0.01						0.03						—
Commodity Prices			—						0.20						0.20						0.20						—						0.02						0.02						0.02
Diversification Effect (2)			(2.57)						(4.81)						N/A						N/A						(2.48)						(4.11)						N/A						N/A
Capital Markets VaR (3)			$	10.68					$	9.22					$	11.94					$	7.35					$	11.63					$	9.23					$	11.63					$	7.87

(1)For the capital markets VaR numbers reported above, a one-day time horizon, with a one year look-back period, and a 95% confidence level were used.

(2)The diversification effect is not applicable for the maximum and minimum VaR values as the capital markets VaR and the VaR values for the four risk categories might have occurred on different days during the period.

(3)The aggregated VaR presented here is less than the sum of the individual components (i.e., interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, equity risk and commodity price risk) due to the benefit of diversification among the four risk categories. Diversification benefit equals the difference between aggregated VaR and the sum of VaRs for the four risk categories and arises because the market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.

Our average daily firmwide VaR increased to $12.85 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 from $10.62 million for the three months ended November 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increased equity exposure. Our average daily capital markets VaR remained relatively consistent as trading desks continued to maintain low risk exposures given the market environment.

The efficacy of the VaR model is tested by comparing our actual daily net revenues for those positions included in VaR calculation with the daily VaR estimate. This evaluation is performed at various levels, from the overall level down to specific business lines. For the VaR model, revenue is defined as principal transactions revenues, trading related commissions, revenue from securitization activities and net interest income. VaR backtesting methodologies differ for regulated entities with approved capital models.

For a 95% confidence one day VaR model (i.e., no intra-day trading), assuming current changes in market value are consistent with the historical changes used in the calculation, losses would not be expected to exceed the VaR estimates more than twelve times on an annual basis (i.e., once in every 20 days). During the three months ended February 28, 2023, there were zero days when the aggregate net trading loss exceeded the 95% one day VaR.

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The chart below shows our daily firmwide VaR and capital markets VaR over the last four quarters. The VaR increase in early March 2022 was driven by higher equity exposure which was subsequently reduced. VaR trended lower from June 2022 to mid July 2022 driven by defensive positioning. The temporary increase in VaR in mid-July 2022 was driven by a block trade which was subsequently reduced. VaR in the first quarter of 2023 steadily increased driven by higher equity exposure mainly related to our asset management activities.

Daily Net Trading Revenue

There were three days with firmwide trading losses out of a total of 60 trading days in the three months ended February 28, 2023. The histogram below presents the distribution of our actual daily net trading revenue for substantially all of our trading activities for the three months ended February 28, 2023 (in millions):

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Other Risk Measures

Sensitivity analysis is viewed as the most appropriate measure of risks for certain positions within financial instruments and therefore such positions are not included in the VaR model. Accordingly, Risk Management has additional procedures in place to assure that the level of potential loss that would arise from market movements are within acceptable levels. Such procedures include performing stress tests and profit and loss analysis. The table below presents the potential reduction in earnings associated with a 10% stress of the fair value of the positions that are not included in the VaR model at February 28, 2023 (in thousands):

			10% Sensitivity
Investment in funds (1)			$	128,434
Private investments			35,037
Corporate debt securities in default			7,293
Trade claims			1,370

(1)Includes investments in hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity funds. For additional details on these investments refer to “Investments at Fair Value” within Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The impact of changes in our own credit spreads on our structured notes for which the fair value option was elected is not included in VaR. The estimated credit spread risk sensitivity for each one basis point widening in our own credit spreads on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected was an increase in value of approximately $1.5 million at February 28, 2023, which is included in other comprehensive income.

Other Risk

We are also subject to interest rate risk on our long-term fixed interest rate debt. Generally, the fair market value of debt securities with a fixed interest rate will increase as interest rates fall, and the fair market value will decrease as interest rates rise. The following table represents principal cash flows by expected maturity dates and the related weighted-average interest rate on those maturities for our consolidated long-term debt obligations, inclusive of any related interest rate hedges. For the variable rate borrowings, the weighted-average interest rates are based on the rates in effect at the reporting date. Our market risk with respect to foreign currency exposure on our long-term debt is also shown below.

			Expected Maturity Date (Fiscal Years)
			2023						2024						2025						2026						2027						Thereafter						Total						Fair Value
			(Dollars in thousands)
Rate Sensitive Liabilities:
Fixed Interest Rate Borrowings			$	386,016					$	241,500					$	85,065					$	51,390					$	533,438					$	3,314,660					$	4,612,069					$	4,317,550
Weighted-Average Interest Rate			5.68		%				2.94		%				2.04		%				4.79		%				5.25		%				5.13		%
Variable Interest Rate Borrowings			$	47,106					$	1,017,400					$	36,376					$	25,601					$	672,351					$	1,321,747					$	3,120,581					$	3,010,731
Weighted-Average Interest Rate			6.52		%				6.60		%				6.08		%				6.07		%				7.21		%				6.61		%
Borrowings with Foreign Currency Exposure			$	—					$	529,175					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	774,289					$	1,303,464					$	1,111,359
Weighted-Average Interest Rate			—		%				1.00		%				—		%				—		%				6.91		%				—		%

Stress Tests and Scenario Analysis

Stress tests are used to analyze the potential impact of specific events or extreme market moves on the current portfolio both firm-wide and within business segments. Stress testing is an important part of our risk management approach because it allows us to quantify our exposure to tail risks, highlight potential loss concentrations, undertake risk/reward analysis, set risk controls and overall assess and mitigate our risk.

We employ a range of stress scenarios, which comprise both historical market price and rate changes and hypothetical market environments, and generally involve simultaneous changes of many risk factors. Indicative market changes in the scenarios include, but are not limited to, a large widening of credit spreads, a substantial decline in equities markets, significant moves in selected emerging markets, large moves in interest rates and changes in the shape of the yield curve.

Unlike our VaR, which measures potential losses within a given confidence interval, stress scenarios do not have an associated implied probability. Rather, stress testing is used to estimate the potential loss from market moves that tend to be larger than those embedded in the VaR calculation. Stress testing complements VaR to cover for potential limitations of VaR such as the breakdown in correlations, non-linear risks, tail risk and extreme events and capturing market moves beyond the confidence levels assumed in the VaR calculations.

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Stress testing is performed and reported at least weekly as part of our risk management process and on an ad hoc basis in response to market events or concerns. Current stress tests provide estimated revenue and loss of the current portfolio through a range of both historical and hypothetical events. The stress scenarios are reviewed and assessed at least annually so that they remain relevant and up to date with market developments. Additional hypothetical scenarios are also conducted on a sub-portfolio basis to assess the impact of any relevant idiosyncratic stress events as needed.

Counterparty Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss due to adverse changes in a counterparty’s credit worthiness or its ability or willingness to meet its financial obligations in accordance with the terms and conditions of a financial contract.

We are exposed to credit risk as a trading counterparty to other broker-dealers and customers, as a counterparty to derivative contracts, as a direct lender and through extending loan commitments and providing securities-based lending and as a member of exchanges and clearing organizations. Credit exposure exists across a wide-range of products, including cash and cash equivalents, loans, securities finance transactions and over-the-counter derivative contracts. The main sources of credit risk are:

•Loans and lending arising in connection with our investment banking and capital markets activities, which reflects our exposure at risk on a default event with no recovery of loans. Current exposure represents loans that have been drawn by the borrower and lending commitments that are outstanding. In addition, credit exposures on forward settling traded loans are included within our loans and lending exposures for consistency with the balance sheet categorization of these items. Loans and lending also arise in connection with our portion of a Secured Revolving Credit Facility that is with us and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, to be funded equally, to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance. For further information on this facility, refer to Note 9, Investments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, we have loans outstanding to certain of our officers and employees (none of whom are executive officers or directors). For further information on these employee loans, refer to Note 23, Related Party Transactions, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

•Securities and margin financing transactions, which reflect our credit exposure arising from reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements to the extent the fair value of the underlying collateral differs from the contractual agreement amount and from margin provided to customers.

•OTC derivatives, which are reported net by counterparty when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable master netting agreement. OTC derivative exposure is based on a contract at fair value, net of cash collateral received or posted under credit support agreements. In addition, credit exposures on forward settling trades are included within our derivative credit exposures.

•Cash and cash equivalents, which includes both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits at banks.

Credit is extended to counterparties in a controlled manner and in order to generate acceptable returns, whether such credit is granted directly or is incidental to a transaction. All extensions of credit are monitored and managed as a whole to limit exposure to loss related to credit risk. Credit risk is managed according to the Credit Risk Management Policy, which sets out the process for identifying counterparty credit risk, establishing counterparty limits, and managing and monitoring credit limits. The policy includes our approach for:

•Client on-boarding and approving counterparty credit limits;

•Negotiating, approving and monitoring credit terms in legal and master documentation;

•Determining the analytical standards and risk parameters for ongoing management and monitoring credit risk books;

•Actively managing daily exposure, exceptions and breaches; and

•Monitoring daily margin call activity and counterparty performance.

Counterparty credit exposure limits are granted within our credit ratings framework, as detailed in the Credit Risk Management Policy. The Credit Risk Department assesses counterparty credit risk and sets credit limits at the counterparty master agreement level. Limits must be approved by appropriate credit officers and initiated in our credit and trading systems before trading commences. All credit exposures are reviewed against approved limits on a daily basis.

Our Secured Revolving Credit Facility, which supports loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance, is governed under separate policies other than the Credit Risk Management Policy and is approved by our Board. The loans outstanding to certain of our officers and employees are extended pursuant to a review by our most senior management.

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Current counterparty credit exposures at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 are summarized in the tables below and provided by credit quality, region and industry (in millions). Credit exposures presented take netting and collateral into consideration by counterparty and master agreement. Collateral taken into consideration includes both collateral received as cash as well as collateral received in the form of securities or other arrangements. Current exposure is the loss that would be incurred on a particular set of positions in the event of default by the counterparty, assuming no recovery. Current exposure equals the fair value of the positions less collateral. Issuer risk is the credit risk arising from inventory positions (for example, corporate debt securities and secondary bank loans). Issuer risk is included in our country risk exposure tables below.

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Counterparty Credit Exposure by Credit Rating
			Loans and Lending												Securities and Margin Finance												OTC Derivatives												Total												Cash and Cash Equivalents												Total with Cash and Cash Equivalents
			At												At												At												At												At												At
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
AAA Range			$	—					$	—					$	0.4					$	2.0					$	—					$	0.1					$	0.4					$	2.1					$	5,382.7					$	7,162.1					$	5,383.1					$	7,164.2
AA Range			70.3						70.1						121.9						142.7						4.0						3.9						196.2						216.7						5.9						4.7						202.1						221.4
A Range			0.2						1.8						695.1						575.1						209.5						207.8						904.8						784.7						1,979.4						2,114.1						2,884.2						2,898.8
BBB Range			251.4						251.1						58.1						155.3						31.8						(1.3)						341.3						405.1						140.5						419.3						481.8						824.4
BB or Lower			35.4						61.6						33.1						22.1						22.1						44.0						90.6						127.7						—						—						90.6						127.7
Unrated			331.2						377.8						—						—						—						—						331.2						377.8						—						2.9						331.2						380.7
Total			$	688.5					$	762.4					$	908.6					$	897.2					$	267.4					$	254.5					$	1,864.5					$	1,914.1					$	7,508.5					$	9,703.1					$	9,373.0					$	11,617.2
Counterparty Credit Exposure by Region
			Loans and Lending												Securities and Margin Finance												OTC Derivatives												Total												Cash and Cash Equivalents												Total with Cash and Cash Equivalents
			At												At												At												At												At												At
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Asia/Latin America/Other			$	15.7					$	15.8					$	42.9					$	56.3					$	8.2					$	0.3					$	66.8					$	72.4					$	307.6					$	283.0					$	374.4					$	355.4
Europe and the Middle East			1.3						1.7						278.0						273.2						20.3						35.2						299.6						310.1						35.8						43.9						335.4						354.0
North America			671.5						744.9						587.7						567.7						238.9						219.0						1,498.1						1,531.6						7,165.1						9,376.2						8,663.2						10,907.8
Total			$	688.5					$	762.4					$	908.6					$	897.2					$	267.4					$	254.5					$	1,864.5					$	1,914.1					$	7,508.5					$	9,703.1					$	9,373.0					$	11,617.2
Counterparty Credit Exposure by Industry
			Loans and Lending												Securities and Margin Finance												OTC Derivatives												Total												Cash and Cash Equivalents												Total with Cash and Cash Equivalents
			At												At												At												At												At												At
			February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022						February 28, 2023						November 30, 2022
Asset Managers			$	19.8					$	20.8					$	0.8					$	—					$	7.7					$	—					$	28.3					$	20.8					$	5,382.7					$	7,162.1					$	5,411.0					$	7,182.9
Banks, Broker-dealers			250.7						251.9						611.1						623.1						237.7						211.2						1,099.5						1,086.2						2,125.8						2,541.0						3,225.3						3,627.2
Corporates			172.8						197.8						—						—						21.4						36.6						194.2						234.4						—						—						194.2						234.4
As Agent Banks			—						—						234.7						182.7						—						—						234.7						182.7						—						—						234.7						182.7
Other			245.2						291.9						62.0						91.4						0.6						6.7						307.8						390.0						—						—						307.8						390.0
Total			$	688.5					$	762.4					$	908.6					$	897.2					$	267.4					$	254.5					$	1,864.5					$	1,914.1					$	7,508.5					$	9,703.1					$	9,373.0					$	11,617.2

For additional information regarding credit exposure to OTC derivative contracts, refer to Note 5, Derivative Financial Instruments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Country Risk Exposure

Country risk is the risk that events or developments that occur in the general environment of a country or countries due to economic, political, social, regulatory, legal or other factors, will affect the ability of obligors of the country to honor their obligations. We define the country of risk as the country of jurisdiction or domicile of the obligor, and monitor country risk resulting from both trading positions and counterparty exposure, which may not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments utilized to manage market risk. The following tables reflect our top exposure at February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022 to the sovereign governments, corporations and financial institutions in those non-U.S. countries in which we have a net long issuer and counterparty exposure (in millions):

			February 28, 2023
			Issuer Risk																		Counterparty Risk																								Issuer and Counterparty Risk
			Fair Value of Long Debt Securities						Fair Value of Short Debt Securities						Net Derivative Notional Exposure						Loans and Lending						Securities and Margin Finance						OTC Derivatives						Cash and Cash Equivalents						Excluding Cash and Cash Equivalents						Including Cash and Cash Equivalents
Germany			$	397.4					$	(401.3)					$	329.7					$	—					$	86.9					$	4.1					$	7.1					$	416.8					$	423.9
Canada			204.6						(98.6)						(51.7)						—						97.9						184.8						1.7						337.0						338.7
United Kingdom			804.8						(449.7)						(162.5)						1.3						37.1						7.3						24.0						238.3						262.3
Hong Kong			46.4						(51.2)						(0.7)						—						0.8						—						222.2						(4.7)						217.5
Spain			462.8						(323.2)						(5.6)						—						15.1						—						0.5						149.1						149.6
Netherlands			411.6						(254.8)						(11.6)						—						3.4						0.3						0.4						148.9						149.3
Italy			713.3						(573.9)						(0.7)						—						—						—						0.3						138.7						139.0
Japan			803.7						(734.3)						(1.5)						—						12.9						—						16.0						80.8						96.8
France			377.1						(282.4)						(109.3)						—						98.8						3.4						—						87.6						87.6
China			247.1						(179.1)						12.2						—						—						—						—						80.2						80.2
Total			$	4,468.8					$	(3,348.5)					$	(1.7)					$	1.3					$	352.9					$	199.9					$	272.2					$	1,672.7					$	1,944.9

			November 30, 2022
			Issuer Risk																		Counterparty Risk																								Issuer and Counterparty Risk
			Fair Value of Long Debt Securities						Fair Value of Short Debt Securities						Net Derivative Notional Exposure						Loans and Lending						Securities and Margin Finance						OTC Derivatives						Cash and Cash Equivalents						Excluding Cash and Cash Equivalents						Including Cash and Cash Equivalents
Canada			$	273.6					$	(98.3)					$	(68.7)					$	0.1					$	91.5					$	181.1					$	1.8					$	379.3					$	381.1
United Kingdom			555.0						(350.1)						(117.5)						1.7						48.7						15.8						27.8						153.6						181.4
Hong Kong			18.8						(46.7)						—						—						1.3						—						187.4						(26.6)						160.8
France			330.3						(239.7)						(42.8)						—						82.0						6.7						—						136.5						136.5
Netherlands			322.2						(212.4)						5.5						—						3.8						0.2						0.2						119.3						119.5
Italy			911.7						(674.8)						(133.3)						—						—						—						0.5						103.6						104.1
Germany			323.8						(381.5)						68.5						—						69.3						2.5						11.4						82.6						94.0
Spain			437.3						(376.9)						(38.0)						—						46.0						—						0.5						68.4						68.9
China			200.1						(129.3)						(6.3)						—						—						—						—						64.5						64.5
Brazil			137.2						(61.3)						(16.7)						—						—						—						—						59.2						59.2
Total			$	3,510.0					$	(2,571.0)					$	(349.3)					$	1.8					$	342.6					$	206.3					$	229.6					$	1,140.4					$	1,370.0

Operational Risk

Operational risk is the risk of financial or non-financial impact, resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. We interpret this definition as including not only financial loss or gain but also other negative impacts to our objectives such as reputational impact, legal/regulatory impact and impact on our clients. Third-party risk is also included as a subset of Operational Risk and is defined as the potential threat presented to us, or our employees or clients, from our supply chain and other third-parties used to perform a process, service or activity on our behalf.

Our Operational Risk framework includes governance as well as operational risk processes, comprises operational risk event capture and analysis, risk and control self-assessments, operational risk key indicators, action tracking, risk monitoring and reporting, deep dive risk assessments, new business approvals and vendor risk management. Each revenue producing and support department is responsible for the management and reporting of operational risks and the implementation of the Operational Risk Management Policy and processes within the department with regular operational risk training provided to our employees.

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Operational Risk events are mapped to Risk Categories used for the consistent classification of risk data to support root cause and trend analysis, which includes:

•Fraud and Theft

•Clients and Business Practices

•Market Conduct / Regulatory Compliance

•Business Disruption

•Technology

•Data Protection and Privacy

•Trading

•Transaction and Process Management

•People

•Cyber

•Vendor Risk

Operational Risk Management Policy, framework, infrastructure, methodology, processes, guidance and oversight of the operational risk processes are centralized and consistent firmwide and additionally subject to regional and legal entity operational risk governance as required. We also maintain a firmwide Third-Party (“Vendor”) Risk Management Policy & Framework to ensure adequate control and monitoring over our critical third parties which includes processes for conducting periodic reviews covering areas of risk including financial health, information security, privacy, business continuity management, disaster recovery and operational risk.

Our leadership continuously monitors circumstances around COVID-19 and provides as-needed communications to both our clients and our employees to keep them fully abreast of our policies and protocols. We follow local and federal guidelines to ensure the safety of our people and clients and operate effectively with a hybrid working environment across all functions with no disruptions to our business or control processes. As the incidence of COVID-19 decreases, our employees have returned to our offices in numbers matching pre-COVID-19 attendance levels.

Model Risk

Model risk refers to the risk of losses resulting from decisions that are based on the output of models, due to errors or weaknesses in the design and development, implementation, or improper use of models. We use quantitative models primarily to value certain financial assets and liabilities and to monitor and manage our risk. Model risk is a function of the model materiality, frequency of use, complexity and uncertainty around inputs and assumptions used in a given model. Robust model risk management is a core part of our risk management approach and is overseen through our risk governance structure and risk management controls.

Legal and Compliance Risk

Legal and compliance risk includes the risk of noncompliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. We are subject to extensive regulation in the different jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. We have various procedures addressing issues such as regulatory capital requirements, sales and trading practices, use of and safekeeping of customer funds, credit granting, collection activities, anti-money laundering and record keeping. These risks also reflect the potential impact that changes in local and international laws and tax statutes have on the economics and viability of current or future transactions. In an effort to mitigate these risks, we continuously review new and pending regulations and legislation and participate in various industry interest groups. We also maintain an anonymous hotline for employees or others to report suspected inappropriate actions by us or by our employees or agents.

New Business Risk

New business risk refers to the risks of entering into a new line of business or offering a new product. By entering a new line of business or offering a new product, we may face risks that we are unaccustomed to dealing with and may increase the magnitude of the risks we currently face. The New Business Committee reviews proposals for new businesses and new products to determine if we are prepared to handle the additional or increased risks associated with entering into such activities.

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Reputational Risk

We recognize that maintaining our reputation among clients, investors, regulators and the general public is an important aspect of minimizing legal and operational risks. Maintaining our reputation depends on a large number of factors, including the selection of our clients and the conduct of our business activities. We seek to maintain our reputation by screening potential clients and by conducting our business activities in accordance with high ethical standards. Our reputation and business activity can be affected by statements and actions of third-parties, even false or misleading statements by them. We actively monitor public comment concerning us and are vigilant in seeking to assure accurate information and perception prevails.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are set forth under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Risk Management” in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Our Management, under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are functioning effectively to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. A controls system cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended February 28, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Many aspects of our business involve substantial risks of legal and regulatory liability. In the normal course of business, we have been named as defendants or co-defendants in lawsuits involving primarily claims for damages. We are also involved in a number of judicial and regulatory matters, including exams, investigations and similar reviews, arising out of the conduct of our business. Based on currently available information, we do not believe that any matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Information regarding our risk factors appears in Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022. These risk factors describe some of the assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors that could adversely affect our business or that could otherwise result in changes that differ materially from our expectations. In addition, the following amends our discussion of risk factors contained our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2022:

Abrupt changes in market and general economic conditions have in the past adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, our business and profitability and cause volatility in our results of operations.

Economic and market conditions have had, and will continue to have, a direct and material impact on our results of operations and financial condition because performance in the financial services industry is heavily influenced by the overall strength of general economic conditions and financial market activity.

Recently, concerns have arisen with respect to the financial condition of a number of banking organizations in the United States, in particular those with exposure to certain types of depositors and large portfolios of investment securities. On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) was appointed receiver of SVB. On March 12, 2023, the FDIC was appointed receiver of Signature Bank. While we do not have any exposure to SVB or Signature Bank, we do maintain our cash at financial institutions, often in balances that exceed the current FDIC insurance limits. If other banks and financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future due to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our ability to access our cash, cash equivalents and investments, including transferring funds, making payments or receiving funds, may be threatened and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. In addition, the operating environment and public trading prices of financial services sector securities can be highly correlated, in particular in times of stress, which may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and potentially our results of operations.

Our investment banking revenue, in the form of advisory services and underwriting, is directly related to general economic conditions and corresponding financial market activity. When the outlook for such economic conditions is uncertain or negative, financial market activity generally tends to decrease, which reduces our investment banking revenues. Reduced expectations of U.S. economic growth or a decline in the global economic outlook could cause financial market activity to decrease and negatively affect our investment banking revenues.

A sustained and continuing market downturn could lead to or exacerbate declines in the number of securities transactions executed for clients and, therefore, to a decline in the revenues we receive from commissions and spreads. Correspondingly, a reduction of prices of the securities we hold in inventory or as investments would lead to reduced revenues.

Revenues from our asset management businesses have been and may continue to be negatively impacted by declining securities prices, as well as widely fluctuating securities prices. Because our asset management businesses hold long and short positions in equity and debt securities, changes in the prices of these securities, as well as any decrease in the liquidity of these securities, may materially and adversely affect our revenues from asset management.

Similarly, our merchant banking businesses may suffer from the above-mentioned impacts of fluctuations in economic and market conditions, including reductions in business activity and financial transactions, labor shortages, supply chain interruptions and overall economic and financial market instability. In addition, other factors, most of which are outside of our control, can affect our merchant banking businesses, including the state of the real estate market, the state of the Italian telecommunications market, and the state of international market and economic conditions which impact trading volume and currency volatility, and changes in regulatory requirements.

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JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.

In addition, global economic conditions and global financial markets remain vulnerable to the potential risks posed by certain events, which could include, among other things, level and volatility of interest rates, availability and market conditions of financing, economic growth or its sustainability, unforeseen changes to gross domestic product, inflation, energy prices, fluctuations or other changes in both debt and equity capital markets and currencies, political and financial uncertainty in the United States and the European Union, ongoing concern about Asia’s economies, global supply disruptions, complications involving terrorism and armed conflicts around the world (including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine), or other challenges to global trade or travel, such as those that have occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. More generally, because our business is closely correlated to the general economic outlook, a significant deterioration in that outlook or realization of certain events would likely have an immediate and significant negative impact on our business and overall results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table presents information on our purchases of our common shares during the three months ended February 28, 2023 (dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

			(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)						(b) Average Price Paid per Share						(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs						(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
December 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022			—						$	—					—						$	158,570
January 1, 2023 to January 31, 2023			1,330,022						$	38.24					—						$	250,000
February 1, 2023 to February 28, 2023 (3)			1,244,409						$	37.76					—						$	250,000
Total			2,574,431						$	38.01					—

(1)We repurchased securities in connection with our share compensation plans which allow participants to satisfy certain tax liabilities arising from the vesting of restricted shares and the distribution of restricted share units with shares.

(2)In January 2023, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization to $250.0 million. At February 28, 2023, $250.0 million remains available for future purchases.

(3)The shares repurchased in February 2023 settled subsequent to February 28, 2023.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.						Description
31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. **
32.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. **
101						Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of February 28, 2023 and November 30, 2022; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104						Cover page interactive data file pursuant to Rule 406 of Regulation S-T, formatted in iXBRL (included in exhibit 101)
**						Furnished herewith pursuant to item 601(b) (32) of Regulation S-K.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

									JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.           (Registrant)
Date:			April 10, 2023			By:			/s/ Matt Larson
									Matt Larson Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Authorized signatory and principal financial officer)

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