KENNAMETAL INC - Quarter Report: 2023 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission file number 1-5318

KENNAMETAL INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Pennsylvania		25-0900168
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

525 William Penn Place
Suite 3300
Pittsburgh,	Pennsylvania	15219
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (412) 248-8000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Capital Stock, par value $1.25 per share	KMT	New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights		New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 28, 2023 80,275,367 shares of the Registrant’s Capital Stock, par value $1.25 per share, were outstanding.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

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Item No.		Page No.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1.	Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) Three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) Three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	4

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow (Unaudited) Nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7

2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21

3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32

4.	Controls and Procedures	32

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
1.	Legal Proceedings	33

2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33



6.	Exhibits	34

Signatures		35

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements that do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “should,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximate,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe” and other words of similar meaning and expression in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance or events. We have also included forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q concerning, among other things, our strategy, goals, plans and projections regarding our financial position, liquidity and capital resources, results of operations, market position and product development. These statements are based on current estimates that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, our actual results could vary materially from our current expectations. There are a number of factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. They include: uncertainties related to changes in macroeconomic and/or global conditions, including as a result of increased inflation and Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the imposition of sanctions on Russia; uncertainties related to the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of more contagious or virulent strains of the virus, its impacts on our business operations, financial results and financial position and on the industries in which we operate and the global economy generally, including as a result of travel restrictions, business and workforce disruptions associated with the pandemic; other economic recession or inflationary pressures; our ability to achieve all anticipated benefits of restructuring, simplification and modernization initiatives; Commercial Excellence growth initiatives, Operational Excellence initiatives, our foreign operations and international markets, and the impact on our business of currency exchange rates, different regulatory environments, trade barriers, exchange controls, and social and political instability, including the conflict in Ukraine; changes in the regulatory environment in which we operate, including environmental, health and safety regulations; potential for future goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges; our ability to protect and defend our intellectual property; continuity of information technology infrastructure; competition; our ability to retain our management and employees; demands on management resources; availability and cost of the raw materials we use to manufacture our products; product liability claims; integrating acquisitions and achieving the expected savings and synergies; global or regional catastrophic events; demand for and market acceptance of our products; business divestitures; energy costs; commodity prices; labor relations; and implementation of environmental remediation matters. We provide additional information about many of the specific risks we face in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other periodic reports we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We can give no assurance that any goal or plan set forth in our forward-looking statements will be achieved and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date made. Except as required by law, we do not intend to release publicly any revisions to forward-looking statements as a result of future events or developments.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

KENNAMETAL INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Sales	$	536,036	$	512,259	$	1,527,949	$	1,482,441
Cost of goods sold	368,122		347,639		1,057,177		1,004,116
Gross profit	167,914		164,620		470,772		478,325
Operating expense	113,273		107,075		327,308		316,423
Restructuring and other charges, net (Note 6)	(994)		947		(2,499)		(2,323)
Gain on divestiture (Note 3)	—		—		—		(1,001)
Amortization of intangibles	3,164		3,234		9,476		9,751
Operating income	52,471		53,364		136,487		155,475
Interest expense	7,747		6,436		21,399		19,217
Other expense (income), net	986		(4,528)		2,584		(11,129)
Income before income taxes	43,738		51,456		112,504		147,387
Provision for income taxes	10,672		14,578		26,878		40,031
Net income	33,066		36,878		85,626		107,356
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,129		1,583		3,594		4,443
Net income attributable to Kennametal	$	31,937	$	35,295	$	82,032	$	102,913
PER SHARE DATA ATTRIBUTABLE TO KENNAMETAL SHAREHOLDERS
Basic earnings per share	$	0.40	$	0.42	$	1.01	$	1.23
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.39	$	0.42	$	1.01	$	1.22
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	80,611		83,084		80,967		83,538
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	81,281		83,807		81,525		84,268

KENNAMETAL INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	33,066	$	36,878	$	85,626	$	107,356
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Reclassification of unrealized gain on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges	(192)		(192)		(577)		(577)
Unrecognized net pension and other postretirement benefit plans (loss) gain	(1,059)		1,511		(1,106)		4,291
Reclassification of net pension and other postretirement benefit plans loss	842		2,185		2,480		6,601
Foreign currency translation adjustments	13,689		(8,068)		13,559		(34,626)

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	13,280		(4,564)		14,356		(24,311)
Total comprehensive income	46,346		32,314		99,982		83,045
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,483		1,127		3,250		3,080
Comprehensive income attributable to Kennametal Shareholders	$	44,863	$	31,187	$	96,732	$	79,965

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)


(in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2023		June 30, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	93,474	$	85,586
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $9,084 and $9,422, respectively	313,866		295,346
Inventories (Note 9)	595,088		570,836


Other current assets	76,607		72,940
Total current assets	1,079,035		1,024,708
Property, plant and equipment:
Land and buildings	416,432		410,039
Machinery and equipment	1,941,238		1,904,872
Less accumulated depreciation	(1,382,753)		(1,312,870)
Property, plant and equipment, net	974,917		1,002,041
Other assets:
Goodwill (Note 17)	268,784		264,230
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $170,920 and $160,699, respectively (Note 17)	96,562		105,725
Operating lease right-of-use assets	41,180		47,206
Deferred income taxes	57,387		54,602
Other	85,716		75,012
Total other assets	549,629		546,775
Total assets	$	2,603,581	$	2,573,524
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:

Revolving and other lines of credit and notes payable (Note 11)	$	64,055	$	21,186
Current operating lease liabilities	11,145		12,387
Accounts payable	197,158		227,887
Accrued income taxes	41,546		29,476
Accrued expenses	46,851		56,310


Other current liabilities	127,974		138,403
Total current liabilities	488,729		485,649
Long-term debt, less current maturities (Note 10)	594,970		594,364
Operating lease liabilities	30,581		35,342
Deferred income taxes	32,584		32,185
Accrued pension and postretirement benefits	116,771		112,995
Accrued income taxes	—		6,369
Other liabilities	23,630		15,373
Total liabilities	1,287,265		1,282,277
Commitments and contingencies
EQUITY (Note 15)
Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 5,000 shares authorized; none issued	—		—
Capital stock, $1.25 par value; 120,000 shares authorized; 80,274 and 81,337 shares issued, respectively	100,342		101,671
Additional paid-in capital	470,709		494,202
Retained earnings	1,104,219		1,070,655
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(399,251)		(413,951)
Total Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity	1,276,019		1,252,577
Noncontrolling interests	40,297		38,670
Total equity	1,316,316		1,291,247
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,603,581	$	2,573,524

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (UNAUDITED)


	Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	85,626	$	107,356
Adjustments to reconcile to cash from operations:
Depreciation	91,710		87,984
Amortization	9,476		9,751
Stock-based compensation expense	18,765		18,024
Restructuring and other charges, net (Note 6)	(2,499)		(2,444)
Deferred income taxes	(2,658)		593

Gain on divestiture (Note 3)	—		(1,001)
Other	3,971		703
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(16,427)		(17,757)
Inventories	(17,271)		(99,486)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(46,253)		(11,416)
Accrued income taxes	1,524		14,733
Accrued pension and postretirement benefits	(6,994)		(20,318)
Other	7,212		6,301
Net cash flow provided by operating activities	126,182		93,023
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(71,083)		(60,151)
Disposals of property, plant and equipment	4,774		765

Proceeds from divestiture (Note 3)	—		1,001
Other	95		62
Net cash flow used in investing activities	(66,214)		(58,323)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net decrease in notes payable	(567)		(7,111)
Net increase in revolving and other lines of credit	43,600		27,500




Purchase of capital stock	(37,556)		(50,522)
The effect of employee benefit and stock plans and dividend reinvestment	(6,036)		(6,889)
Cash dividends paid to Shareholders	(48,468)		(50,062)
Other	(986)		(682)
Net cash flow used in financing activities	(50,013)		(87,766)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(2,067)		(999)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	7,888		(54,065)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	85,586		154,047
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	93,474	$	99,982

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”). The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 was derived from the audited balance sheet included in our 2022 Annual Report. The interim statements are unaudited; however, we believe that all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results of the interim periods were made and all adjustments are normal recurring adjustments. The results for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full fiscal year. Unless otherwise specified, any reference to a “year” is to a fiscal year ended June 30. For example, a reference to 2023 is to the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023. When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Kennametal Inc. and its subsidiaries.

2.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES


	Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	19,720	$	17,519
Income taxes	28,012		24,705
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information:
Changes in accounts payable related to purchases of property, plant and equipment	(7,245)		2,502

3. DIVESTITURE

During the year ended June 30, 2020, we completed the sale of certain assets of the non-core specialty alloys and metals business within the Infrastructure segment located in New Castle, Pennsylvania to Advanced Metallurgical Group N.V. for an aggregate price of $24.0 million.

The net book value of these assets at closing was $29.5 million, and the pre-tax loss on divestiture recognized during the year ended June 30, 2020 was $6.5 million. Transaction proceeds were primarily used for capital expenditures related to our simplification/modernization efforts. During the year ended June 30, 2022, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $1.0 million on the New Castle divestiture due to proceeds held in escrow until November 2021.

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received on the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy consists of three levels to prioritize the inputs used in valuations, as defined below:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Inputs that are unobservable.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

As of March 31, 2023, the fair values of our financial assets and financial liabilities are categorized as follows:


(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Derivatives (1)	$	—	$	160	$	—	$	160
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	160	$	—	$	160

Liabilities:
Derivatives (1)	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	3
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	3

As of June 30, 2022, the fair values of our financial assets and financial liabilities are categorized as follows:


(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Derivatives (1)	$	—	$	176	$	—	$	176
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	176	$	—	$	176

Liabilities:
Derivatives (1)	$	—	$	574	$	—	$	574
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	574	$	—	$	574

(1) Currency derivatives are valued based on observable market spot and forward rates and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

There have been no changes in classification and transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy in the current period.

5. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

As part of our financial risk management program, we use certain derivative financial instruments. We do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and, therefore, we do not hold any derivative instruments for trading purposes. We account for derivative instruments as a hedge of the related asset, liability, firm commitment or anticipated transaction, when the derivative is specifically designated and qualifies as a hedge of such items. Our objective in managing foreign exchange exposures with derivative instruments is to reduce volatility in cash flow. We measure hedge effectiveness by assessing the changes in the fair value or expected future cash flows of the hedged item.

There were no derivatives designated as hedging instruments as of March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022. The fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		June 30, 2022






Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Other current assets - currency forward contracts	$	160	$	176
Other current liabilities - currency forward contracts	(3)		(574)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	157		(398)
Total derivatives	$	157	$	(398)

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Certain currency forward contracts that hedge significant cross-border intercompany loans are considered as other derivatives and therefore do not qualify for hedge accounting. These contracts are recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, with the offset to other expense (income), net. Losses (gains) related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments have been recognized as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Other expense (income), net - currency forward contracts	$	56	$	(541)	$	(447)	$	(535)

NET INVESTMENT HEDGES

As of March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, we had certain foreign currency-denominated intercompany loans payable with total aggregate principal amounts of €17.1 million and €13.0 million, respectively, designated as net investment hedges to hedge the foreign exchange exposure of our net investment in our Euro-based subsidiaries. A loss of $0.3 million and a gain of $0.1 million were recorded as a component of foreign currency translation adjustments in other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Gains of $1.0 million and $1.5 million were recorded as a component of foreign currency translation adjustments in other comprehensive loss for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023, the foreign currency-denominated intercompany loans payable designated as net investment hedges consisted of:


Instrument	Notional (EUR in thousands)(2)		Notional (USD in thousands)(2)		Maturity
Foreign currency-denominated intercompany loan payable	€	17,129	$	18,649	June 30, 2023

(2) Includes principal and accrued interest.

6. RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES, NET

We recorded no restructuring and related charges for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded restructuring and related charges of $3.0 million, which consisted of charges of $3.0 million in Metal Cutting and an immaterial amount in Infrastructure. Of this amount, restructuring charges were $0.9 million and restructuring-related charges were $2.1 million (included in cost of goods sold).

For the nine months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded restructuring and related charges of $2.6 million, which consisted of charges of $2.6 million in Metal Cutting and an immaterial amount in Infrastructure. Of this amount, the net benefits from the reversal of restructuring charges were $2.3 million and restructuring-related charges were $4.9 million (included in cost of goods sold).

As of March 31, 2023, $2.9 million and $1.5 million of the restructuring accrual was recorded in other current liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of June 30, 2022, $6.0 million and $1.9 million of the restructuring accrual was recorded in other current liabilities and other liabilities, respectively. The amounts are as follows:


(in thousands)	June 30, 2022		Expense		Translation		Cash Expenditures		March 31, 2023
Severance	$	7,919	$	—	$	29	$	(3,529)	$	4,419


Total	$	7,919	$	—	$	29	$	(3,529)	$	4,419

Included in other charges, net for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 is a net benefit of $1.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively, consisting primarily from gains on the sale of properties.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

7. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Options

Changes in our stock options for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 were as follows:


	Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Life (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic value (in thousands)
Options outstanding, June 30, 2022	271,843	$	37.45

Exercised	—
Lapsed or forfeited	(54,229)	38.10
Options outstanding, March 31, 2023	217,614	$	37.29	1.6	$	94
Options vested, March 31, 2023	217,614	$	37.29	1.6	$	94
Options exercisable, March 31, 2023	217,614	$	37.29	1.6	$	94

As of March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to options outstanding, and all options were fully vested as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The amount of cash received from the exercise of options during the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was zero and $0.2 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was zero and $0.1 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units – Performance Vesting and Time Vesting

Changes in our performance vesting and time vesting restricted stock units for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 were as follows:


	Performance Vesting Stock Units	Performance Vesting Weighted Average Fair Value		Time Vesting Stock Units	Time Vesting Weighted Average Fair Value
Unvested, June 30, 2022	350,955	$	33.44	1,213,896	$	33.53
Granted	189,469	27.27		736,175	26.92
Vested	—	—		(635,923)	32.65
Performance metric adjustments, net	(52,111)	27.58		—	—
Forfeited	(4,832)	30.49		(79,830)	30.59
Unvested, March 31, 2023	483,481	$	31.68	1,234,318	$	30.23

During the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, compensation expense related to time vesting and performance vesting restricted stock units was $17.7 million and $17.2 million, respectively. Performance vesting stock units were adjusted by 52,111 units during the nine months ended March 31, 2023 related to the fiscal 2022 performance year. As of March 31, 2023, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested time vesting and performance vesting restricted stock units was $28.7 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

8. PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

The table below summarizes the components of net periodic pension income:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Service cost	$	243	$	279	$	718	$	846
Interest cost	8,085		5,631		24,127		16,931
Expected return on plan assets	(10,045)		(12,985)		(30,054)		(39,020)
Amortization of transition obligation	21		23		62		71
Amortization of prior service cost	1		3		4		9
Recognition of actuarial losses	1,117		2,918		3,314		8,829


Net periodic pension income	$	(578)	$	(4,131)	$	(1,829)	$	(12,334)

The table below summarizes the components of net periodic other postretirement benefit cost:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022

Interest cost	$	104	$	72	$	312	$	216
Amortization of prior service credit	(68)		(69)		(203)		(207)
Recognition of actuarial loss	48		74		144		223
Net periodic other postretirement benefit cost	$	84	$	77	$	253	$	232

The service cost component of net periodic pension income is reported as a component of cost of goods sold and operating expense. All other components of net periodic pension income and net periodic other postretirement benefit cost are reported as a component of other expense (income), net.

9. INVENTORIES

We used the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method of valuing inventories for 37 percent and 39 percent of total inventories at March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. Inventory valuations under the LIFO method are based on an annual determination of quantities and costs as of June 30 of each year; therefore, the interim LIFO valuations are based on our projections of expected year-end inventory levels and costs and are subject to any final year-end LIFO inventory adjustments.

Inventories consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		June 30, 2022
Finished goods	$	339,069	$	316,936
Work in process and powder blends	241,712		231,214
Raw materials	97,920		107,024
Inventories at current cost	678,701		655,174
Less: LIFO valuation	(83,613)		(84,338)
Total inventories	$	595,088	$	570,836

10. LONG-TERM DEBT

Fixed rate debt had a fair market value of $538.2 million and $536.1 million at March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. The Level 2 fair value is determined based on the quoted market prices for similar debt instruments as of March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

11. REVOLVING AND OTHER LINES OF CREDIT AND NOTES PAYABLE

During fiscal 2022, we entered into the Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 14, 2022 (the Credit Agreement). The Credit Agreement is a five-year, multi-currency, revolving credit facility, which we use to augment cash from operations and as an additional source of funds. The Credit Agreement provides for revolving credit loans of up to $700.0 million for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement allows for borrowings in U.S. dollars, euros, Canadian dollars, pounds sterling and Japanese yen. Interest payable under the Credit Agreement is based upon the type of borrowing under the facility and may be (1) Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR), Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA), Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate (TIBOR), Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), and Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) for any borrowings in euros, pounds sterling, yen, U.S. dollars and Canadian dollars, respectively, plus an applicable margin, (2) the greater of the prime rate or the Federal Funds effective rate plus an applicable margin, or (3) fixed as negotiated by us. The Credit Agreement matures in June 2027.

The Credit Agreement requires us to comply with various restrictive and affirmative covenants, including one financial covenant: a maximum leverage ratio where debt, net of domestic cash in excess of $25 million and sixty percent of the unrestricted cash held outside of the United States, must be less than or equal to 3.75 times trailing twelve months EBITDA, adjusted for certain non-cash expenses.

As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all the covenants of the Credit Agreement and we had $62.6 million of borrowings outstanding and $637.4 million of additional availability. We had $19.0 million of borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2022.

Borrowings on other lines of credit and notes payable were $1.5 million and $2.2 million at March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

12. ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

The operation of our business has exposed us to certain liabilities and compliance costs related to environmental matters. We are involved in various environmental cleanup and remediation activities at certain sites associated with our current or former operations.

We establish and maintain accruals for estimated liabilities associated with certain environmental matters. At March 31, 2023, the balance of such accruals was $12.1 million, of which $1.7 million was current. At June 30, 2022, the balance was $12.5 million, of which $7.9 million was current. The decrease in the current balances reflects adjustments in estimated completion timelines based on currently available information, while the composition of such accruals remains largely unchanged. These accruals are generally not discounted.

We record a loss contingency when the available information indicates it is probable that we have incurred a liability and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. The likelihood of a loss with respect to a particular environmental matter is often difficult to predict, and determining a meaningful estimate of the loss or a range of loss may not be practicable based on information available. When a material loss contingency is probable but a reasonable estimate cannot be made, or when a material loss contingency is at least reasonably possible, disclosure is provided. The accruals we have established for estimated environmental liabilities represent our best current estimate of the probable and reasonably estimable costs of addressing identified environmental situations, based on our review of currently available evidence, and taking into consideration our prior experience in remediation and that of other companies, as well as public information released by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), other governmental agencies and by the Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) groups in which we are participating. The accrued liabilities for all environmental concerns could change substantially due to factors such as the nature and extent of contamination, changes in remedial requirements, technological changes, discovery of new information, the financial strength of other PRPs, the identification of new PRPs and the involvement of and direction taken by the government or the courts on these matters.

Among other environmental laws, we are subject to the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), under which we have been identified by the USEPA or other third party as a PRP with respect to environmental remedial costs at certain Superfund sites. We have evaluated our claims and estimated liability associated with these sites based upon the best information currently available to us. We believe our environmental accruals are adequate to cover our portion of the environmental remedial costs at the sites where we have been designated a PRP, to the extent these expenses are probable and reasonably estimable.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

13. INCOME TAXES

The effective income tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were 24.4 percent and 28.3 percent, respectively. The year-over-year change is primarily due to geographical mix.

The effective income tax rates for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were 23.9 percent and 27.2 percent, respectively. The year-over-year change is primarily due to geographical mix and a $2.2 million tax benefit recorded in the second quarter of the current year related to Swiss tax reform.

Swiss tax reform

Swiss tax reform legislation was effectively enacted during the December quarter of fiscal 2020 when the Canton of Schaffhausen approved the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AHV Financing on October 8, 2019 (Swiss tax reform). Significant changes from Swiss tax reform include the abolishment of certain favorable tax regimes and the creation of a multi-year transitional period at both the federal and cantonal levels. The transitional provisions of Swiss tax reform allow companies to utilize a combination of lower tax rates and tax basis adjustments to fair value, which are used for tax depreciation and amortization purposes resulting in deductions over the transitional period. To reflect the federal and cantonal transitional provisions, as they apply to us, we recorded a deferred tax asset of $14.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2020. We considered the deferred tax asset from Swiss tax reform to be an estimate based on our interpretation of the legislation, which was subject to change based on further legislative guidance, review with the Swiss federal and cantonal authorities, and modifications to the underlying valuation. During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, we finalized the calculation of the transitional provisions of Swiss tax reform after a review and receipt of a ruling from the Swiss federal and cantonal authorities and recorded a $2.2 million tax benefit to adjust the deferred tax asset and income tax liabilities related to fiscal years 2021 and 2022.

14. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, while diluted earnings per share is calculated to reflect the potential dilution that would occur related to the issuance of capital stock under stock option grants, performance awards and restricted stock units. The difference between basic and diluted earnings per share relates solely to the effect of capital stock options, performance awards and restricted stock units.

The following table provides the computation of diluted shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended March 31,		Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023	2022	2023	2022
Weighted-average shares outstanding during the period	80,611	83,084	80,967	83,538
Add: Unexercised stock options and unvested restricted stock units	670	723	558	730
Number of shares on which diluted earnings per share is calculated	81,281	83,807	81,525	84,268
Unexercised stock options with an exercise price greater than the average market price and restricted stock units not included in the computation because they were anti-dilutive	453	372	646	340

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

15. EQUITY

A summary of the changes in the carrying amounts of total equity, Kennametal Shareholders’ equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three months ending March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:


	Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Capital stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Non-controlling interests		Total equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	100,641	$	473,323	$	1,088,379	$	(412,176)	$	39,034	$	1,289,201
Net income	—		—		31,937		—		1,129		33,066
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		12,925		355		13,280
Dividend reinvestment	2		45		—		—		—		47
Capital stock issued under employee benefit and stock plans(3)	29		4,499		—		—		—		4,528
Purchase of capital stock	(330)		(7,158)		—		—		—		(7,488)
Cash dividends ($0.20 per share)	—		—		(16,097)		—		—		(16,097)
Cash dividends to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		—		(221)		(221)


Total equity, March 31, 2023	$	100,342	$	470,709	$	1,104,219	$	(399,251)	$	40,297	$	1,316,316


	Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Capital stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Non-controlling interests		Total equity
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	103,842	$	534,592	$	1,026,756	$	(349,168)	$	40,551	$	1,356,573
Net income	—		—		35,295		—		1,583		36,878
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(4,107)		(457)		(4,564)
Dividend reinvestment	2		45		—		—		—		47
Capital stock issued under employee benefit and stock plans(3)	31		4,457		—		—		—		4,488
Purchase of capital stock	(577)		(14,437)		—		—		—		(15,014)
Cash dividends ($0.20 per share)	—		—		(16,606)		—		—		(16,606)


Total equity, March 31, 2022	$	103,298	$	524,657	$	1,045,445	$	(353,275)	$	41,677	$	1,361,802

(3) Net of restricted stock units delivered upon vesting to satisfy tax withholding requirements.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

A summary of the changes in the carrying amounts of total equity, Kennametal Shareholders’ equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interests for the nine months ending March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:


	Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Capital stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Non-controlling interests		Total equity
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	101,671	$	494,202	$	1,070,655	$	(413,951)	$	38,670	$	1,291,247
Net income	—		—		82,032		—		3,594		85,626
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		14,700		(344)		14,356
Dividend reinvestment	6		134		—		—		—		140
Capital stock issued under employee benefit and stock plans(3)	614		11,980		—		—		—		12,594
Purchase of capital stock	(1,949)		(35,607)		—		—		—		(37,556)
Cash dividends ($0.60 per share)	—		—		(48,468)		—				(48,468)
Cash dividends to non-controlling interests	—				—		—		(1,623)		(1,623)


Total equity, March 31, 2023	$	100,342	$	470,709	$	1,104,219	$	(399,251)	$	40,297	$	1,316,316


	Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Capital stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Non-controlling interests		Total equity
Balance as of June 30, 2021	$	104,518	$	562,820	$	992,597	$	(330,327)	$	38,597	$	1,368,205
Net income	—		—		102,913		—		4,443		107,356
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(22,948)		(1,363)		(24,311)
Dividend reinvestment	5		137		—		—		—		142
Capital stock issued under employee benefit and stock plans(3)	543		10,454		—		—		—		10,997
Purchase of capital stock	(1,768)		(48,754)		—		—		—		(50,522)
Cash dividends ($0.60 per share)	—		—		(50,065)		—		—		(50,065)


Total equity, March 31, 2022	$	103,298	$	524,657	$	1,045,445	$	(353,275)	$	41,677	$	1,361,802

(3) Net of restricted stock units delivered upon vesting to satisfy tax withholding requirements.

The amounts of comprehensive income attributable to Kennametal Shareholders and noncontrolling interests are disclosed in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The components of, and changes in, accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL) were as follows, net of tax, for the nine months ended March 31, 2023:


(in thousands)	Pension and other postretirement benefits		Currency translation adjustment		Derivatives		Total
Attributable to Kennametal:
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	(208,406)	$	(210,048)	$	4,503	$	(413,951)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(1,106)		13,903		—		12,797
Amounts reclassified from AOCL	2,480				(577)		1,903
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	1,374		13,903		(577)		14,700
AOCL, March 31, 2023	$	(207,032)	$	(196,145)	$	3,926	$	(399,251)

Attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	—	$	(7,547)	$	—	$	(7,547)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	—		(344)		—		(344)
Net other comprehensive loss	—		(344)		—		(344)
AOCL, March 31, 2023	$	—	$	(7,891)	$	—	$	(7,891)

The components of, and changes in, AOCL were as follows, net of tax, for the nine months ended March 31, 2022:


(in thousands)	Pension and other postretirement benefits		Currency translation adjustment		Derivatives		Total
Attributable to Kennametal:
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	(213,172)	$	(122,428)	$	5,273	$	(330,327)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	4,291		(33,263)		—		(28,972)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL	6,601		—		(577)		6,024
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	10,892		(33,263)		(577)		(22,948)
AOCL, March 31, 2022	$	(202,280)	$	(155,691)	$	4,696	$	(353,275)

Attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	—	$	(3,982)	$	—	$	(3,982)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	—		(1,363)		—		(1,363)
Net other comprehensive loss	—		(1,363)		—		(1,363)
AOCL, March 31, 2022	$	—	$	(5,345)	$	—	$	(5,345)

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Reclassifications out of AOCL for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022		Affected line item in the Income Statement
Gains on cash flow hedges:
Forward starting interest rate swaps	$	(255)	$	(255)	$	(766)	$	(766)	Interest expense

Total before tax	(255)		(255)		(766)		(766)
Tax impact	63		63		189		189		Provision for income taxes
Net of tax	$	(192)	$	(192)	$	(577)	$	(577)

Pension and other postretirement benefits:
Amortization of transition obligations	$	21	$	23	$	62	$	71	Other income, net
Amortization of prior service credit	(67)		(66)		(199)		(198)		Other income, net
Recognition of actuarial losses	1,165		2,992		3,458		9,052		Other income, net
Total before tax	1,119		2,949		3,321		8,925
Tax impact	(277)		(764)		(841)		(2,324)		Provision for income taxes
Net of tax	$	842	$	2,185	$	2,480	$	6,601

The amount of income tax allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:


			2023						2022
(in thousands)	Pre-tax		Tax impact		Net of tax		Pre-tax		Tax impact		Net of tax

Reclassification of unrealized gain on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges	$	(255)	$	63	$	(192)	$	(255)	$	63	$	(192)
Unrecognized net pension and other postretirement benefit plans (loss) gain	(1,428)		369		(1,059)		2,054		(543)		1,511
Reclassification of net pension and other postretirement benefit plans loss	1,119		(277)		842		2,949		(764)		2,185
Foreign currency translation adjustments	13,598		91		13,689		(8,055)		(13)		(8,068)

Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	13,034	$	246	$	13,280	$	(3,307)	$	(1,257)	$	(4,564)

The amount of income tax allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:


			2023						2022
(in thousands)	Pre-tax		Tax impact		Net of tax		Pre-tax		Tax impact		Net of tax

Reclassification of unrealized gain on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges	$	(766)	$	189	$	(577)	$	(766)	$	189	$	(577)
Unrecognized net pension and other postretirement benefit plans (loss) gain	(1,512)		406		(1,106)		5,885		(1,594)		4,291
Reclassification of net pension and other postretirement benefit plans loss	3,321		(841)		2,480		8,925		(2,324)		6,601
Foreign currency translation adjustments	13,474		85		13,559		(34,575)		(51)		(34,626)

Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	14,517	$	(161)	$	14,356	$	(20,531)	$	(3,780)	$	(24,311)

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

17. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

A summary of the carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each segment, as well as the changes in such carrying amounts, is as follows:


(in thousands)	Metal Cutting		Infrastructure		Total
Gross goodwill	$	441,891	$	633,211	$	1,075,102
Accumulated impairment losses	(177,661)		(633,211)		(810,872)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	264,230	$	—	$	264,230

Activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2023:
Change in gross goodwill due to translation	4,554		—		4,554

Gross goodwill	446,445		633,211		1,079,656
Accumulated impairment losses	(177,661)		(633,211)		(810,872)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	268,784	$	—	$	268,784

The components of our other intangible assets were as follows:


	Estimated Useful Life (in years)	March 31, 2023				June 30, 2022
(in thousands)		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization

Technology-based and other	4 to 20	$	31,993	$	(23,728)		$	31,592	$	(22,734)
Customer-related	10 to 21	180,515		(111,283)			180,263		(104,698)
Unpatented technology	10 to 30	31,700		(24,723)			31,807		(22,950)
Trademarks	5 to 20	12,447		(11,186)			12,403		(10,317)
Trademarks	Indefinite	10,827		—			10,359		—
Total		$	267,482	$	(170,920)		$	266,424	$	(160,699)

18. SEGMENT DATA

We operate in two reportable segments consisting of Metal Cutting and Infrastructure. Our reportable operating segments have been determined in accordance with our internal management structure, which is organized based on operating activities, the manner in which we organize segments for allocating resources, making operating decisions and assessing performance and the availability of separate financial results. We do not allocate certain corporate expenses related to executive retirement plans, our Board of Directors, strategic initiatives, and certain other costs and report them in Corporate. Our reportable operating segments do not represent the aggregation of two or more operating segments.

METAL CUTTING The Metal Cutting segment develops and manufactures high performance tooling and metal cutting products and services and offers an assortment of standard and custom metal cutting solutions to diverse end markets, including aerospace, general engineering, energy and transportation. The products include milling, hole making, turning, threading and toolmaking systems used in the manufacture of airframes, aero engines, trucks and automobiles, ships and various types of industrial equipment. We leverage advanced manufacturing capabilities in combination with varying levels of customization to solve our customers’ toughest challenges and deliver improved productivity for a wide range of applications. Metal Cutting markets its products under the Kennametal®, WIDIA®, WIDIA Hanita® and WIDIA GTD® brands through its direct sales force, a network of independent and national distributors, integrated supplier channels and via the Internet. Application engineers and technicians are critical to the sales process and directly assist our customers with specified product design, selection, application and support.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

INFRASTRUCTURE Our Infrastructure segment produces engineered tungsten carbide and ceramic components, earth-cutting tools, and advanced metallurgical powders, primarily for the energy, earthworks and general engineering end markets. These wear-resistant products include compacts, nozzles, frac seats and custom components used in oil and gas and petrochemical industries; rod blanks and abrasive water jet nozzles for general industries; earth cutting tools and systems used in underground mining, trenching and foundation drilling and road milling; tungsten carbide powders for the oil and gas, aerospace and process industries; and ceramics used by the packaging industry for metallization of films and papers. We combine deep metallurgical and engineering expertise with advanced manufacturing capabilities, such as 3D printing, to deliver solutions that drive improved productivity for our customers. Infrastructure markets its products primarily under the Kennametal® brand and sells through a direct sales force as well as through distributors.

Our sales and operating income by segment are as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Sales:
Metal Cutting	$	333,507	$	313,813	$	932,912	$	910,824
Infrastructure	202,529		198,446		595,037		571,617
Total sales	$	536,036	$	512,259	$	1,527,949	$	1,482,441
Operating income:
Metal Cutting	$	43,765	$	30,232	$	98,593	$	87,292
Infrastructure	9,658		23,673		40,543		69,680
Corporate	(952)		(541)		(2,649)		(1,497)
Total operating income	52,471		53,364		136,487		155,475
Interest expense	7,747		6,436		21,399		19,217
Other expense (income), net	986		(4,528)		2,584		(11,129)
Income before income taxes	$	43,738	$	51,456	$	112,504	$	147,387

The following table presents Kennametal's revenue disaggregated by geography:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022
(in percentages)	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total Kennametal	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total Kennametal
Americas	44%	60%	50%	41%	62%	49%
EMEA	38	19	31	38	16	30
Asia Pacific	18	21	19	21	22	21


	Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022
(in percentages)	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total Kennametal	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total Kennametal
Americas	44%	61%	50%	40%	59%	47%
EMEA	36	17	29	38	18	30
Asia Pacific	20	22	21	22	23	23

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KENNAMETAL INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following tables presents Kennametal's revenue disaggregated by end market:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in percentages)	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total Kennametal
General engineering	56%	33%	47%
Transportation	26	—	16
Aerospace	11	—	7
Energy	7	32	17
Earthworks	—	35	13


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
(in percentages)	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total Kennametal
General engineering	55%	33%	47%
Transportation	28	—	17
Aerospace	9	—	6
Energy	8	30	16
Earthworks	—	37	14


	Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in percentages)	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total Kennametal
General engineering	56%	33%	47%
Transportation	27	—	16
Aerospace	10	—	6
Energy	7	31	17
Earthworks	—	36	14


	Nine Months Ended March 31, 2022
(in percentages)	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total Kennametal
General engineering	56%	35%	48%
Transportation	27	—	17
Aerospace	9	—	5
Energy	8	29	16
Earthworks	—	36	14

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (MD&A)

OVERVIEW

Kennametal Inc. was founded based on a tungsten carbide technology breakthrough in 1938. The Company was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1943 as a manufacturer of tungsten carbide metal cutting tooling and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1967. With more than 80 years of materials expertise, the Company is a global industrial technology leader, helping customers across the aerospace, earthworks, energy, general engineering and transportation industries manufacture with precision and efficiency. This expertise includes the development and application of tungsten carbides, ceramics, super-hard materials and solutions used in metal cutting and extreme wear applications to keep customers up and running longer against conditions such as corrosion and high temperatures.

Our standard and custom product offerings span metal cutting and wear applications including turning, milling, hole making, tooling systems and services, as well as specialized wear components and metallurgical powders. End users of our metal cutting products include manufacturers engaged in a diverse array of industries including: the manufacturers of transportation vehicles and components, machine tools and light and heavy machinery; airframe and aerospace components; and energy-related components for the oil and gas industry, as well as power generation. Our wear and metallurgical powders are used by producers and suppliers in equipment-intensive operations such as road construction, mining, quarrying, oil and gas exploration, refining, production and supply.

Throughout the MD&A, we refer to measures used by management to evaluate performance. We also refer to a number of financial measures that are not defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP), including organic sales growth, constant currency regional sales growth (decline) and constant currency end market sales growth (decline). We provide the definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures at the end of the MD&A section as well as details on the use and derivation of these financial measures.

Our sales of $536.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 increased 5 percent year-over-year, reflecting 8 percent organic sales growth and a favorable business days effect of 1 percent, partially offset by an unfavorable foreign currency effect of 4 percent.

Operating income was $52.5 million compared to $53.4 million in the prior year quarter. The slight year-over-year decrease of $0.9 million was primarily due to higher raw material costs of approximately $20 million, under-absorption of approximately $5 million within the Infrastructure segment, higher wages, general inflation and unfavorable foreign currency exchange of approximately $3 million. These factors were offset by higher price realization and, in the Metal Cutting segment, higher sales volumes. Operating margin was 9.8 percent compared to 10.4 percent in the prior year quarter. The Metal Cutting and Infrastructure segments had operating margins of 13.1 percent and 4.8 percent, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic bringing significant uncertainty in our end markets and operations. Since then, many jurisdictions have eased or eliminated stay-at-home, social distancing, and various other restrictions implemented at the onset of the pandemic, as the administration and acceptance of vaccines has increased and COVID-19 cases have dropped. One of the last countries to ease pandemic-control measures was China, which in December 2022 announced it would be rolling back some of its most strict anti-COVID-19 restrictions, including lockdowns, mask mandates and travel restrictions. The slow recovery in China, temporary labor shortages due to COVID-19 related absenteeism in certain regions and other supply chain challenges have created significant operating constraints on our business.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 resulted in the imposition of economic sanctions on Russia by the United States, Canada, the European Union and other countries. We have experienced increased costs for energy and raw materials and other supply chain issues due, in part, to the negative impact of the conflict on the global economy. During the March quarter of 2022, the Company ceased operations in Russia and subsequently decided to liquidate its legal entity in Russia, which is expected to be completed during fiscal 2024.

In addition, our business has been negatively affected by foreign currency exchange and inflationary headwinds. We have been able to partially mitigate the effects of inflation, foreign currency exchange challenges and other disruptions through price increases on our products. We cannot predict the ultimate effect of these issues on our business, operating results or financial condition, but we will continue to monitor macroeconomic conditions and attempt to mitigate the negative effect to the extent possible.

For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased $7 million and $37 million, respectively, of Kennametal common stock under its $200 million three-year program. Inception-to-date the Company has repurchased $123 million of Kennametal common stock.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

The Company paid $16 million and $48 million in cash dividends to Kennametal shareholders during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023, respectively. The Company has a long history of consistently paying dividends to shareholders since its listing on the New York Stock Exchange in 1967.

Current quarter earnings per diluted share (EPS) was $0.39. EPS of $0.42 in the prior year quarter was unfavorably affected by restructuring and related charges of $0.03 per share and charges related to Russian and Ukrainian operations of $0.02 per share.

Net cash flow provided by operating activities was $126.2 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $93.0 million during the prior year period. Capital expenditures were $71.1 million and $60.2 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

RESULTS OF CONTINUING OPERATIONS

SALES

Sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $536.0 million, an increase of $23.8 million, or 5 percent, from $512.3 million in the prior year quarter. The increase in sales was driven by organic growth of 8 percent and a favorable business days effect of 1 percent, partially offset by an unfavorable foreign currency effect of 4 percent.

Sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 were $1,527.9 million, an increase of $45.5 million, or 3 percent, from $1,482.4 million in the prior year period. The increase in sales was driven by organic growth of 10 percent, partially offset by an unfavorable currency exchange effect of 7 percent.

Our sales growth (decline) by end market and region are as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in percentages)	As Reported	Constant Currency	As Reported	Constant Currency
End market sales growth (decline):
Aerospace	21%	25%	17%	23%
Energy	7	9	7	11
Earthworks	(3)	1	2	8
General engineering	6	9	1	7
Transportation	—	5	—	8
Regional sales growth (decline):
Americas	8%	8%	10%	11%
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA)	7	14	(2)	10
Asia Pacific	(6)	1	(5)	3

GROSS PROFIT

Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $167.9 million, an increase of $3.3 million from $164.6 million in the prior year quarter. The increase was primarily due to higher price realization and, in the Metal Cutting segment, higher sales volumes. These factors were partially offset by higher raw material costs of approximately $20 million, under-absorption of approximately $5 million within the Infrastructure segment, higher wages, general inflation and unfavorable foreign currency exchange of approximately $6 million. Gross profit margin for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 31.3 percent, as compared to 32.1 percent in the prior year quarter.

Gross profit for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 was $470.8 million, a decrease of $7.6 million from $478.3 million in the prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to higher raw material costs of approximately $61 million, unfavorable foreign currency exchange of approximately $30 million, higher wages and general inflation, including an inflationary bonus of $2 million for certain German employees, under-absorption of approximately $10 million within the Infrastructure segment, temporary supply chain disruptions of approximately $5 million and depreciation of approximately $2 million due to the decision to scrap certain assets. These factors were partially offset by higher price realization and higher sales volumes. Gross profit margin for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 was 30.8 percent, as compared to 32.3 percent in the prior year period.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

OPERATING EXPENSE

Operating expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $113.3 million compared to $107.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Operating expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 was $327.3 million compared to $316.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2022. The increases in both periods were primarily due to higher wages and general inflation, partially offset by foreign currency exchange.

Research and development expenses included in operating expense totaled $11.3 million and $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $32.6 million and $31.3 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

INTEREST EXPENSE

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased to $7.7 million compared to $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily related to higher market interest rates. Interest expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 increased to $21.4 million compared to $19.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in interest expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 was due to increased amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement and higher market interest rates.

OTHER EXPENSE/INCOME, NET

Other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1.0 million compared to other income of $4.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Other expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 was $2.6 million compared to other income of $11.1 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2022. The changes for both periods were due primarily to lower net periodic pension income in the current year.

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

The effective income tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were 24.4 percent and 28.3 percent, respectively. The year-over-year change is primarily due to geographical mix.

BUSINESS SEGMENT REVIEW

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

Our sales and operating income by segment are as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Sales:
Metal Cutting	$	333,507	$	313,813	$	932,912	$	910,824
Infrastructure	202,529		198,446		595,037		571,617
Total sales	$	536,036	$	512,259	$	1,527,949	$	1,482,441
Operating income:
Metal Cutting	$	43,765	$	30,232	$	98,593	$	87,292
Infrastructure	9,658		23,673		40,543		69,680
Corporate	(952)		(541)		(2,649)		(1,497)
Total operating income	52,471		53,364		136,487		155,475
Interest expense	7,747		6,436		21,399		19,217
Other expense (income), net	986		(4,528)		2,584		(11,129)
Income before income taxes	$	43,738	$	51,456	$	112,504	$	147,387

METAL CUTTING


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except operating margin)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Sales	$	333,507		$	313,813		$	932,912		$	910,824
Operating income	43,765			30,232			98,593			87,292
Operating margin	13.1		%	9.6		%	10.6		%	9.6		%


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in percentages)
Organic sales growth	10%	10%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(5)	(8)
Business days effect(2)	1	—


Sales growth	6%	2%


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in percentages)	As Reported	Constant Currency	As Reported	Constant Currency
End market sales growth (decline):
Aerospace	21%	25%	17%	23%
Transportation	—	5	—	8
General engineering	7	11	2	8
Energy	3	7	(2)	4
Regional sales growth (decline):
Americas	16%	16%	13%	14%
EMEA	5	11	(4)	9
Asia Pacific	(10)	(3)	(7)	2

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Metal Cutting sales increased 6 percent compared to the prior year quarter. This was driven by organic growth of 10 percent and a favorable business days effect of 1 percent, partially offset by an unfavorable foreign currency effect of 5 percent. Aerospace end market sales increased as a result of our focused execution on our strategic initiatives, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Sales in the general engineering end market increased in all regions as strong underlying demand continues, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange, our exit from Russia and a slower recovery in China from COVID-related disruptions. Energy end market sales increased as the customer year-end inventory rebalancing activities subsided, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Transportation end market sales benefited from improving customer supply chains and hybrid/electric vehicle business in the Americas and EMEA, the effects of which were offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. On a regional basis, sales in the Americas increased primarily due to the continued broad and resilient demand of our end markets. Sales growth in EMEA reflects the execution on our strategic initiatives, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Sales in Asia Pacific were negatively affected by a slower recovery in China from COVID-related disruptions and unfavorable foreign currency exchange.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Metal Cutting operating income was $43.8 million compared to $30.2 million in the prior year quarter. The increase in operating income was primarily due to higher price realization, higher sales volumes and a gain of approximately $1 million on a property sale. These factors were partially offset by higher raw material costs of approximately $7 million, higher wages and unfavorable foreign currency exchange of approximately $2 million.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2023, Metal Cutting sales increased 2 percent compared to the prior year period. This was driven by organic growth of 10 percent, partially offset by an unfavorable foreign currency effect of 8 percent. Aerospace end market sales increased as a result of our focused execution on our strategic initiatives, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Sales in the general engineering end market increased in all regions as strong underlying demand continues, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange, our exit from Russia and a slower recovery in China from COVID-related disruptions. Energy end market sales increased as the customer year-end inventory rebalancing activities subsided, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Transportation end market sales benefited from improving customer supply chains and hybrid/electric vehicle business in the Americas and EMEA, the effects of which were offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. On a regional basis, sales in the Americas increased primarily due to the continued broad and resilient demand of our end markets. Sales growth in EMEA reflects the execution on our strategic initiatives, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Sales in Asia Pacific were negatively affected by a slower recovery in China from COVID-related disruptions and unfavorable foreign currency exchange.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2023, Metal Cutting operating income was $98.6 million compared to $87.3 million in the prior year period. The increase in operating income was primarily due to higher price realization, higher sales volumes and a gain of approximately $3 million on property sales. These factors were partially offset by higher raw material costs of approximately $19 million, higher wages and general inflation, including an inflationary bonus of $2 million for certain German employees, unfavorable foreign currency exchange of approximately $12 million and depreciation including approximately $2 million due to the decision to scrap certain assets.

INFRASTRUCTURE


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Sales	$	202,529		$	198,446		$	595,037		$	571,617
Operating income	9,658			23,673			40,543			69,680
Operating margin	4.8		%	11.9		%	6.8		%	12.2		%


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in percentages)
Organic sales growth	5%	9%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(3)	(4)
Business days effect(2)	—	(1)


Sales growth	2%	4%

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in percentages)	As Reported	Constant Currency	As Reported	Constant Currency
End market sales growth (decline):
Energy	8%	10%	11%	14%
Earthworks	(3)	1	2	8
General engineering	1	5	—	5
Regional sales growth (decline):
Americas	(1)%	—%	7%	8%
EMEA	16	24	2	15
Asia Pacific	—	7	(2)	6

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Infrastructure sales increased by 2 percent from the prior year quarter. The increase in sales was driven by organic growth of 5 percent, partially offset by an unfavorable foreign currency effect of 3 percent. Energy end market sales increased primarily due to strength in U.S. oil and gas and as land rig counts continue to increase, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Sales in the general engineering end market increased in EMEA due to strong demand, which was partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange and lower demand in the Americas primarily due to the loss of a customer who elected to insource production. Earthworks end market sales increased in Asia Pacific as underlying demand in underground mining continues to be strong, the effects of which were offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange and order timing in the Americas. On a regional basis, sales in EMEA increased in all end markets, primarily in general engineering, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Sales increased in Asia Pacific primarily in earthworks and to a lesser extent general engineering, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange and a decline in the energy end market. Sales in the Americas increased in energy, the effects of which were offset by decreases in general engineering and earthworks and unfavorable foreign currency exchange.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Infrastructure operating income was $9.7 million compared to $23.7 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to higher raw material costs of approximately $13 million, under-absorption of approximately $5 million, general inflation and lower sales volumes. These factors were partially offset by higher price realization.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2023, Infrastructure sales increased by 4 percent from the prior year period. The increase in sales was driven by organic growth of 9 percent, partially offset by an unfavorable foreign currency effect of 4 percent and an unfavorable business days effect of 1 percent. Energy end market sales increased primarily due to strength in U.S. oil and gas and as land rig counts continue to increase, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Sales in the general engineering end market increased in EMEA due to strong demand, which was partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange and lower demand in the Americas primarily due to the loss of a customer who elected to insource production. Earthworks end market sales increased in Asia Pacific as underlying demand in underground mining continues to be strong, the effects of which were offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange and order timing in the Americas. On a regional basis, sales in EMEA increased in all end markets, primarily in general engineering, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Sales increased in Asia Pacific primarily in earthworks and to a lesser extent general engineering, the effects of which were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange and a decline in the energy end market. Sales in the Americas increased in energy, the effects of which were offset by decreases in general engineering and earthworks and unfavorable foreign currency exchange.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2023, Infrastructure operating income was $40.5 million compared to $69.7 million in the prior year period. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to higher raw material costs of approximately $41 million, higher wages and general inflation, under-absorption of approximately $10 million, temporary supply chain disruptions and unfavorable foreign currency exchange of approximately $4 million. These factors were partially offset by higher price realization and sales volume growth.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

CORPORATE


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Nine Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Corporate expense	$	(952)	$	(541)	$	(2,649)	$	(1,497)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Corporate expense increased by $0.4 million from the prior year quarter. For the nine months ended March 31, 2023 Corporate expense increased by $1.2 million from the prior year period.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash flow from operations is the primary source of funding for our capital expenditures. For the nine months ended March 31, 2023, cash flow provided by operating activities was $126.2 million.

We consider the majority of the unremitted earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested. With regard to these unremitted earnings, we have not, nor do we anticipate the need to, repatriate funds to the U.S. to satisfy domestic liquidity needs arising in the ordinary course of business, including liquidity needs associated with our domestic debt service requirements. With regard to the small portion of unremitted earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested, we maintain a deferred tax liability for foreign withholding and U.S. state income taxes.

In 2012, we received an assessment from the Italian tax authority that denied certain tax deductions primarily related to our 2008 tax return. Attempts at negotiating a reasonable settlement with the tax authority were unsuccessful; and as a result, we decided to litigate the matter. While the outcome of the litigation is still pending, the tax authority served notice in the September quarter of fiscal 2020 requiring payment in the amount of €36 million. Accordingly, we requested and were granted a stay and are not currently required to make a payment in connection with this assessment. We continue to believe that the assessment is baseless and accordingly, no income tax liability has been recorded in connection with this assessment in any period. However, if the Italian tax authority were to be successful in litigation, settlement of the amount alleged by the Italian tax authority would result in an increase to income tax expense by as much as €35.5 million, or $38.6 million, including penalties and interest of €20.8 million, or $22.6 million.

At March 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents were $93.5 million. Total Kennametal Shareholders' equity was $1,276.0 million and total debt was $659.0 million. Our current senior credit ratings are at investment grade levels. We believe that our current financial position, liquidity and credit ratings provide us access to the capital markets. We believe that we have sufficient resources available to meet cash requirements for the next 12 months. We continue to closely monitor our liquidity position and the condition of the capital markets, as well as the counterparty risk of our credit providers. There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments since June 30, 2022.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

Cash Flow Provided by Operating Activities

During the nine months ended March 31, 2023, cash flow provided by operating activities was $126.2 million, compared to $93.0 million for the prior year period. Cash flow provided by operating activities for the current year period consisted of net income and non-cash items amounting to an inflow of $204.4 million and changes in certain assets and liabilities netting to an outflow of $78.2 million. Contributing to the changes in certain assets and liabilities were a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $46.3 million, an increase in inventories of $17.3 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $16.4 million and a decrease in accrued pension and postretirement benefits of $7.0 million.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2022, cash flow provided by operating activities consisted of net income and non-cash items amounting to an inflow of $221.0 million and changes in certain assets and liabilities netting to an outflow of $127.9 million. Contributing to the changes in certain assets and liabilities were an increase in inventories of $99.5 million due to higher material costs, lengthening supply chains and higher sales volumes, a decrease in accrued pension and postretirement benefits of $20.3 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $17.8 million and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $11.4 million. Partially offsetting these cash outflows was an increase in accrued income taxes of $14.7 million.

Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities

Cash flow used in investing activities was $66.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $58.3 million for the prior year period. During the current year period, cash flow used in investing activities primarily included capital expenditures of $71.1 million, which consisted primarily of equipment upgrades, partially offset by disposals of property, plant, and equipment of $4.8 million.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2022, cash flow used in investing activities included capital expenditures, net of $59.4 million, which consisted primarily of equipment upgrades, partially offset by $1.0 million in proceeds from the New Castle divestiture.

Cash Flow Used in Financing Activities

Cash flow used in financing activities was $50.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $87.8 million in the prior year period. During the current year period, cash flow used in financing activities primarily included $48.5 million of cash dividends paid to Kennametal Shareholders, $37.6 million in common shares repurchased and $6.0 million of the effect of employee benefit and stock plans and dividend reinvestment, partially offset by $43.6 million from the borrowings under the Credit Agreement.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2022, cash flow used in financing activities included $50.5 million in common shares repurchased, $50.1 million of cash dividends paid to Kennametal Shareholders, $7.1 million of a decrease in notes payable and $6.9 million of the effect of employee benefit and stock plans and dividend reinvestment, partially offset by $27.5 million from the borrowings under the Credit Agreement.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Working capital was $590.3 million at March 31, 2023, an increase of $51.2 million from $539.1 million at June 30, 2022. The increase in working capital was primarily driven by a decrease in accounts payable of $30.7 million, an increase in inventories of $24.3 million, and increase in accounts receivable of $18.5 million, a decrease in other current liabilities of $10.4 million, a decrease in accrued expenses of $9.5 million and an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $7.9 million, partially offset by an increase in revolving and other lines of credit and notes payable to banks of $42.9 million and an increase in accrued income taxes of $12.1 million. Currency exchange rate effects increased working capital by a total of approximately $6.4 million, the effect of which is included in the aforementioned changes.

Property, plant and equipment, net decreased $27.1 million from $1,002.0 million at June 30, 2022 to $974.9 million at March 31, 2023, primarily due to depreciation expense of $91.7 million, partially offset by net capital additions of $66.3 million and foreign currency effects of $5.4 million.

At March 31, 2023, other assets were $549.6 million, an increase of $2.9 million from $546.8 million at June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in other assets of $10.7 million, an increase in goodwill of $4.6 million due to currency exchange effects and an increase in deferred income taxes of $2.8 million, partially offset by amortization of intangibles of $9.5 million and a decrease in operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets of $6.0 million.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

Kennametal Shareholders' equity was $1,276.0 million at March 31, 2023, an increase of $23.4 million from $1,252.6 million at June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to net income attributable to Kennametal of $82.0 million, other comprehensive income of $14.7 million and capital stock issued under employee benefit and stock plans of $12.6 million, partially offset by cash dividends paid to Kennametal Shareholders of $48.5 million and the repurchase of capital stock of $37.6 million primarily under the share repurchase program that was initiated during fiscal 2022.

DISCUSSION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies since June 30, 2022.

RECONCILIATION OF FINANCIAL MEASURES NOT DEFINED BY U.S. GAAP

In accordance with SEC rules, below are the definitions of the non-GAAP financial measures we use in this report and the reconciliation of these measures to the most closely related GAAP financial measures. We believe that these measures provide useful perspective on underlying business trends and results and provide a supplemental measure of year-over-year results. The non-GAAP financial measures described below are used by management in making operating decisions, allocating financial resources and for business strategy purposes. We believe these measures may be useful to investors as they provide supplemental information about business performance and provide investors a view of our business results through the eyes of management. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered by the user in place of the related GAAP financial measure, but rather as supplemental information to our business results. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be the same as similar measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in the items or events being adjusted.

Organic sales growth Organic sales growth is a non-GAAP financial measure of sales growth (which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure) excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures, business days and foreign currency exchange from year-over-year comparisons. We believe this measure provides investors with a supplemental understanding of underlying sales trends by providing sales growth on a consistent basis. Also, we report organic sales growth at the consolidated and segment levels.

Constant currency end market sales growth Constant currency end market sales growth is a non-GAAP financial measure of sales growth (decline) (which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure) by end market excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange from year-over-year comparisons. We note that, unlike organic sales growth, constant currency end market sales growth does not exclude the effect of business days. We believe this measure provides investors with a supplemental understanding of underlying end market trends by providing end market sales growth (decline) on a consistent basis. Also, we report constant currency end market sales growth at the consolidated and segment levels.

Constant currency regional sales growth Constant currency regional sales growth is a non-GAAP financial measure of sales growth (decline) (which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure) by region excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange from year-over-year comparisons. We note that, unlike organic sales growth, constant currency regional sales growth does not exclude the effect of business days. We believe this measure provides investors with a supplemental understanding of underlying regional trends by providing regional sales growth (decline) on a consistent basis. Also, we report constant currency regional sales growth at the consolidated and segment levels.

Reconciliations of organic sales growth to sales growth are as follows:


Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total
Organic sales growth	10%	5%	8%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(5)	(3)	(4)
Business days effect(2)	1	—	1


Sales growth	6%	2%	5%

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)


Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023	Metal Cutting	Infrastructure	Total
Organic sales growth	10%	9%	10%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(8)	(4)	(7)
Business days effect(2)	—	(1)	—


Sales growth	2%	4%	3%

Reconciliations of constant currency end market sales growth to end market sales growth (decline)(2) are as follows:


Metal Cutting
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	General engineering	Transportation	Aerospace	Energy
Constant currency end market sales growth	11%	5%	25%	7%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(4)	(5)	(4)	(4)


End market sales growth(2)	7%	—%	21%	3%


Infrastructure
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Energy	Earthworks	General engineering
Constant currency end market sales growth	10%	1%	5%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(2)	(4)	(4)


End market sales growth (decline)(2)	8%	(3)%	1%


Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	General engineering	Transportation	Aerospace	Energy	Earthworks
Constant currency end market sales growth	9%	5%	25%	9%	1%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(3)	(5)	(4)	(2)	(4)


End market sales growth (decline)(2)	6%	—%	21%	7%	(3)%


Metal Cutting
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023	General engineering	Transportation	Aerospace	Energy
Constant currency end market sales growth	8%	8%	23%	4%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(6)	(8)	(6)	(6)


End market sales growth (decline)(2)	2%	—%	17%	(2)%


Infrastructure
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023	Energy	Earthworks	General engineering
Constant currency end market sales growth	14%	8%	5%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(3)	(6)	(5)


End market sales growth(2)	11%	2%	—%


Total
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023	General engineering	Transportation	Aerospace	Energy	Earthworks
Constant currency end market sales growth	7%	8%	23%	11%	8%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(6)	(8)	(6)	(4)	(6)


End market sales growth(2)	1%	—%	17%	7%	2%

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

Reconciliations of constant currency regional sales growth (decline) to reported regional sales growth (decline)(3) are as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023			Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Americas	EMEA	Asia Pacific	Americas	EMEA	Asia Pacific
Metal Cutting
Constant currency regional sales growth (decline)	16%	11%	(3)%	14%	9%	2%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	—	(6)	(7)	(1)	(13)	(9)


Regional sales growth (decline)(3)	16%	5%	(10)%	13%	(4)%	(7)%

Infrastructure
Constant currency regional sales growth	—%	24%	7%	8%	15%	6%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	(1)	(8)	(7)	(1)	(13)	(8)


Regional sales (decline) growth(3)	(1)%	16%	—%	7%	2%	(2)%

Total
Constant currency regional sales growth	8%	14%	1%	11%	10%	3%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1)	—	(7)	(7)	(1)	(12)	(8)


Regional sales growth (decline)(3)	8%	7%	(6)%	10%	(2)%	(5)%

(1) Foreign currency exchange effect is calculated by dividing the difference between current period sales and current period sales at prior period foreign exchange rates by prior period sales.

(2) Aggregate sales for all end markets sum to the sales amount presented on Kennametal's financial statements.

(3) Aggregate sales for all regions sum to the sales amount presented on Kennametal's financial statements.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes to our market risk exposures since June 30, 2022.


ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company's management evaluated, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). The Company's disclosure controls were designed to provide a reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. However, the controls have been designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the controls' stated goals. Based on that evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance at March 31, 2023 that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are party to legal claims and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, which may relate to our operations or assets, including real, tangible or intellectual property. Although certain of these types of actions are currently pending, we do not believe that any individual proceeding is material or that our pending legal proceedings in the aggregate are material to Kennametal. See "Note 12. Environmental Matters" for a discussion of our exposure to certain environmental liabilities.


ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
January 1 through January 31, 2023	3,704	$	26.02	—	$	84,700,000
February 1 through February 28, 2023	142,647	28.49		141,000	80,700,000
March 1 through March 31, 2023	126,918	28.34		121,000	77,300,000
Total	273,269	$	28.39	262,000

(1)During the current period, 1,647 shares were purchased on the open market on behalf of Kennametal to fund the Company’s dividend reinvestment program. Also, during the current period employees delivered 9,622 shares of restricted stock to Kennametal, upon vesting, to satisfy tax withholding requirements.

(2)On July 27, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to purchase up to $200 million of the Company's common stock over a three-year period outside of the Company's dividend reinvestment program.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

None.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications

31.1

Certification executed by Christopher Rossi, President and Chief Executive Officer of Kennametal Inc.

Filed herewith.

31.2

Certification executed by Patrick S. Watson, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Kennametal Inc.

Filed herewith.

Section 1350 Certifications

32.1

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by Christopher Rossi, President and Chief Executive Officer of Kennametal Inc., and Patrick S. Watson, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Kennametal Inc.

Filed herewith.

101

XBRL

101.INS (3)

XBRL Instance Document

Filed herewith.

101.SCH (4)

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

Filed herewith.

101.CAL (4)

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith.

101.DEF (4)

XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase

Filed herewith.

101.LAB (4)

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

Filed herewith.

101.PRE (4)

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith.

(3)The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

(4)Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2022, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

KENNAMETAL INC.

Date:

May 3, 2023

By:

/s/ John W. Witt

John W. Witt
Vice President Finance and Corporate Controller