KIMBERLY CLARK CORP - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☒ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-225
KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 39-0394230 | |||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
P.O. Box 619100
Dallas, TX
75261-9100
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (972) 281-1200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| Common Stock-$1.25 par value | KMB | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
| 0.625% Notes due 2024 | KMB24 | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2022 (based on closing stock price on the New York Stock Exchange as of such date) was approximately $45.6 billion.
As of January 31, 2023, there were 337,507,349 shares of Kimberly-Clark common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain information contained in the definitive Proxy Statement for Kimberly-Clark's Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on April 20, 2023 is incorporated by reference into Part III.
KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| Part I | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 1B. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
Information About Our Executive Officers | ||||||||
| Part II | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
| Item 7. | ||||||||
| Item 7A. | ||||||||
| Item 8. | ||||||||
| Item 9. | ||||||||
| Item 9A. | ||||||||
| Item 9B. | ||||||||
| Item 9C. | ||||||||
| Part III | ||||||||
| Item 10. | ||||||||
| Item 11. | ||||||||
| Item 12. | ||||||||
| Item 13. | ||||||||
| Item 14. | ||||||||
| Part IV | ||||||||
| Item 15. | ||||||||
| Item 16. | ||||||||
KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | ||||||||
| PART I | |||||
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Kimberly-Clark Corporation was founded in 1872 and incorporated in Delaware in 1928. We are a global company focused on delivering products and solutions that provide better care for a better world through product innovation and building our personal care, consumer tissue and K-C Professional brands. We are principally engaged in the manufacturing and marketing of a wide range of products mostly made from natural or synthetic fibers using advanced technologies in fibers, nonwovens and absorbency. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms "Corporation," "Kimberly-Clark," "K-C," "we," "our" and "us" refer to Kimberly-Clark Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Dollar amounts are reported in millions, except per share dollar amounts, unless otherwise noted.
Description of Kimberly-Clark
We are organized into operating segments based on product groupings. These operating segments have been aggregated into three reportable global business segments as follows:
•Personal Care brands offer our consumers a trusted partner in caring for themselves and their families by delivering confidence, protection and discretion through a wide variety of innovative solutions and products such as disposable diapers, training and youth pants, swimpants, baby wipes, feminine and incontinence care products, reusable underwear and other related products. Products in this segment are sold under the Huggies, Pull-Ups, Little Swimmers, GoodNites, DryNites, Sweety, Kotex, U by Kotex, Intimus, Thinx, Poise, Depend, Plenitud, Softex and other brand names.
•Consumer Tissue offers a wide variety of innovative solutions and trusted brands that responsibly improve everyday living for families around the world. Products in this segment include facial and bathroom tissue, paper towels, napkins and related products, and are sold under the Kleenex, Scott, Cottonelle, Andrex, Viva, Scottex, Neve and other brand names.
•K-C Professional partners with businesses to create Exceptional Workplaces, helping to make them healthier, safer and more productive through a range of solutions and supporting products such as wipers, tissue, towels, apparel, soaps and sanitizers. Our brands, including Kleenex, Scott, WypAll, Kimtech and KleenGuard are well known for quality and trusted to help people around the world work better.
These reportable segments were determined in accordance with how our chief operating decision maker and our executive managers develop and execute our global strategies to drive growth and profitability of our personal care, consumer tissue and K-C Professional operations. These strategies include global plans for branding and product positioning, technology, research and development programs, cost reductions including supply chain management and capacity, and capital investments for each of these businesses.
Products for household use are sold directly to supermarkets, mass merchandisers, drugstores, warehouse clubs, variety and department stores and other retail outlets, as well as through other distributors and e-commerce. Products for away-from-home use are sold through distributors, directly to manufacturing, lodging, office building, food service, and high-volume public facilities, and through e-commerce.
Our largest customer, Walmart Inc., represented approximately 13 percent in 2022, 14 percent in 2021 and 15 percent in 2020 of our consolidated net sales. Net sales to Walmart Inc. were primarily in the Personal Care and Consumer Tissue segments.
On February 24, 2022, we completed our acquisition of a majority and controlling share of Thinx Inc. (“Thinx”), an industry leader in the reusable period and incontinence underwear category, for total consideration of $181 consisting of cash of $53, the fair value of our previously held equity investment of $127, and certain share-based award costs of $1. See Item 8, Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for details on the Thinx acquisition.
On October 24, 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our Neve tissue brand and related consumer and K-C Professional tissue assets in Brazil for $175, subject to certain working capital and other closing adjustments. The transaction also includes a licensing agreement to allow the acquirer to manufacture and market in Brazil the Kleenex, Scott and Wypall brands to consumers and away-from-home customers for a period of time. The transaction is pending customary conditions and
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regulatory approval and is expected to close in the first half of 2023. The assets included in the sale agreement have been reclassified to Other current assets as of December 31, 2022.
Patents and Trademarks
We own various patents and trademarks registered domestically and in many foreign countries. We consider the patents and trademarks that we own and the trademarks under which we sell certain of our products to be material to our business. Consequently, we seek patent and trademark protection by all available means, including registration.
Raw Materials
Cellulose fiber, in the form of kraft pulp or fiber recycled from recovered waste paper, is the primary raw material for our tissue products, and in the form of fluff pulp, is a component of disposable diapers, training and youth pants, feminine pads and incontinence care products.
Polypropylene and other synthetics and chemicals are the primary raw materials for manufacturing nonwoven fabrics, which are used in disposable diapers, training and youth pants, wet wipes, feminine pads, incontinence care products, and away-from-home wipers and apparel. Superabsorbent materials are important components of disposable diapers, training and youth pants and incontinence care products.
Raw materials are purchased from third parties, and we consider the supply to be adequate to meet the needs of our businesses. See Item 1A, "Risk Factors."
Competition
We have several major competitors in most of our markets, some of which are larger and more diversified than us. The principal methods and elements of competition include brand recognition and loyalty, product innovation, quality and performance, price, and marketing and distribution capabilities. For additional discussion of the competitive environment in which we conduct our business, see Item 1A, "Risk Factors."
Foreign Market Risks
We operate and market our products globally, and our business strategy includes targeted growth in Latin America, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. See Item 1A, "Risk Factors" for a discussion of foreign market risks that may affect our financial results.
Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability
Better care for a better world begins with working to ensure the health and safety of our customers, consumers, and employees, promoting inclusion, equity and diversity within our business, and making efforts to protect the rights of workers across our supply chain. We also believe we can make meaningful contributions to gender equality, clean water and sanitation, climate action and responsible consumption and production. Our sustainability strategy puts our brand, supply chain and innovation teams to work with the goal of creating shared value by addressing global challenges and is focused on addressing impactful climate-related risks and opportunities throughout our value chain.
We are committed to making lives better while working to safeguard the earth’s natural systems. We implement this commitment by considering our sustainability goals during our business and capital planning processes, aligning the priorities of our supply chain, brand and innovation teams, and establishing meaningful performance indicators. Our environmental priorities include reducing our use of new fossil fuel-based plastic, while enabling circular systems to recover the materials in our products and packaging; reducing our products’ use of natural forest fiber, while protecting forest biodiversity and supporting forest dependent communities; reducing greenhouse gas emissions along our value chain, with goals approved by the Science Based Targets initiative ("SBTi"); and building resilience to water risk at our facilities and in our communities in water-stressed regions around the world. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals are accepted as the best shared definition of what needs to be done over the next decade, and we have aligned our goals with that framework. Progress on our strategy is outlined in our sustainability and Task Force on Climate-Related Disclosure ("TCFD") reports.
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For 2023 and 2024, we expect total capital expenditures for voluntary environmental controls or controls necessary to comply with legal requirements relating to the protection of the environment at our facilities to be approximately $45 and $55, respectively. Total operating expenses for environmental compliance, including pollution control equipment operation and maintenance costs, governmental fees, and research and engineering costs, are expected to be approximately $115 in 2023 and $100 in 2024.
Total environmental capital expenditures and operating expenses are not expected to have a material effect on our total capital and operating expenditures, consolidated earnings or competitive position. Current environmental spending estimates could be modified as a result of changes in our plans or changes in legal requirements, including any requirements related to global climate change or other factors.
Regulatory Compliance
We are subject to many laws and regulations across all the countries in which we do business, and we are particularly impacted by those relating to product safety, environmental protection and data privacy and protection.
We are obligated to comply with regulations that cover product safety, efficacy, manufacturing, advertising, labeling and safety reporting. These include requirements that we provide a label that highlights perceived concerns about a product or warns consumers of risks of using our products. In some cases, it may be necessary to initiate product recalls if safety risks are considered to exist. All our facilities and other operations are subject to various environmental protection statutes and regulations, including those relating to the use of water resources and the discharge of wastewater. We are also subject to various laws and regulations related to data privacy and protection, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), Brazil's General Data Protection Law ("LGPD"), China's Personal Information Protection Law ("PIPL"), and the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 ("CCPA").
Our policy is to abide by all applicable laws and regulations, and we have internal programs in place to manage global compliance with these various requirements. We monitor each of these areas for new or changed regulatory requirements, particularly in the rapidly evolving area of data privacy and protection. We have made, and plan to continue making, necessary expenditures for compliance with applicable laws and regulations; however, total capital expenditures and operating expenses related to compliance are not expected to have a material effect on our total capital and operating expenditures, consolidated earnings or competitive position.
Human Capital Management
We had approximately 44,000 employees as of December 31, 2022 in our consolidated operations. Approximately 30 percent of our employees were located in North America and the remainder were in approximately 60 countries outside of North America. Overall, approximately 60 percent of our workforce was directly involved in manufacturing and distribution operations.
In order to recruit, retain, develop, protect and fairly compensate our employees, we focus on four key areas: inclusion, equity and diversity, health and safety, development and employee engagement, and compensation and benefits.
•Inclusion, equity and diversity – We believe our business success is intricately tied to creating workplaces, communities and experiences where inclusion, equity and diversity are evident and thriving. We prioritize the need to cultivate a workforce where all are included and empowered to do their best work. Employing people from disparate backgrounds, cultures, and experiences amplifies our ability to gather insights, foster innovation and understand the culture, context, and mindset of consumers around the world. As a company who serves consumers and communities, we work to cultivate a workforce comprised of people who look, think, and behave like the people who use our products – now and in the future. As such, we support workforce inclusion, equity and diversity and consider it a fundamental business strategy. We continue to make progress on our short-and long-term goals for women and U.S. People of Color in all management roles. The Management Development and Compensation Committee (“MDC”) of the Board of Directors is responsible for reviewing our inclusion, equity and diversity strategy and related metrics.
•Health and safety – We are committed to the health and safety of our employees. We create and administer company-wide policies and processes designed to protect our employees and to comply with applicable safety regulations. Health and safety training is regularly provided to our employees. We review and monitor our performance closely to drive continuous improvement in our safety programs.
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In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we have implemented additional workplace safety programs and processes in all our facilities. As the circumstances and impacts of COVID-19 evolve, we continue to evaluate our response and adapt to protect the health and safety of our employees.
•Development and employee engagement – Developing talent and leaders at all levels of the organization and engaging our employees is critical to our long-term success. We maintain talent and succession planning processes and have leadership and management development programs as well as broad learning opportunities for all employees to support their career growth and advance their skills.
We also offer employees the opportunity to join Employee Resource Groups ("ERGs"). These groups foster professional development, social connectivity, and celebrate diversity throughout our company. Current ERGs provide community and insights into the perspectives and experiences of those with African, Hispanic, Latino, and Asian ancestry, women, and LGBTQ+, as well as parents, caregivers, people with disabilities, military veterans, and new employees. Our ERGs promote career development by allowing employees to connect with and learn from one another and help amplify our inclusion, equity and diversity efforts.
Further, in regard to employee engagement, we hold regular Town Hall meetings where employees can ask questions of executives and make their voice heard. We also host global conversations about racism, bias and other important topics. We engage in continuous listening via global surveys, on an ongoing basis, that offer our employees the ability to provide feedback and valuable insight to help address potential issues and identify opportunities to improve and support employee engagement.
•Compensation and benefits – We provide market-based competitive compensation through our salary, annual incentive and long-term incentive programs and robust benefits packages that promote employee well-being across all aspects of their lives. Eligible employees are compensated for their contributions to our goals with both short-term cash incentives and long-term equity-based incentives. We also provide a variety of resources and services to help our employees plan for retirement. We believe the structure of our compensation packages provides the appropriate incentives to attract, retain and motivate our employees.
The MDC is responsible for establishing and administering the policies governing annual compensation and long-term compensation to ensure that the policies are designed to align compensation with our overall business strategy and performance.
Available Information
We make financial information, news releases and other information available on our corporate website at www.kimberly-clark.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge on this website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file these reports and amendments with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The information contained on or connected to our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this or any other report filed with the SEC. Stockholders may also contact Stockholder Services, P.O. Box 612606, Dallas, Texas 75261-2606 to obtain a hard copy of these reports without charge.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business faces many risks and uncertainties that we cannot control. Any of the risks discussed below, as well as factors described in other places in this Form 10-K, or in our other filings with the SEC, could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, these items could cause our future results to differ from those in any of our forward-looking statements. These risks are not the only ones we face. Other risks that we do not presently know about or that we presently believe are not material could also adversely affect us.
Business Operations
Significant increases in prices for raw materials, energy, transportation or other necessary supplies or services, without corresponding increases in our selling prices, could adversely affect our financial results.
Increases in the cost and availability of raw materials, including pulp and petroleum-based materials, the cost of energy, transportation and other necessary services, supplier constraints, supplier consolidation which could limit our sources of supply
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for these items, an inability to maintain favorable supplier arrangements and relations or an inability to avoid disruptions in production output could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
Cellulose fiber, in the form of kraft pulp or recycled fiber from recovered waste paper, is used extensively in our tissue products and is subject to significant price fluctuations. Cellulose fiber, in the form of fluff pulp, is a key component in our personal care products. In past years, pulp prices have experienced significant volatility. Increases in pulp prices or limits in the availability of recycled fiber could adversely affect our earnings if selling prices for our finished products are not adjusted or if these adjustments significantly trail the increases in pulp prices. We utilize a variety of pricing structures to manage these risks but have not used derivative instruments.
A number of our products, such as diapers, training and youth pants, feminine pads, incontinence care products and disposable wipes, contain certain materials that are principally derived from petroleum. These materials are subject to price fluctuations based on changes in petroleum prices, availability and other factors, with these prices experiencing significant volatility in recent years. We purchase these materials from a number of suppliers. Significant increases in prices for these materials could adversely affect our earnings if selling prices for our finished products are not adjusted, if these adjustments significantly trail the increases in prices for these materials, or if we do not utilize lower priced substitutes for these materials.
Our manufacturing operations utilize electricity, natural gas and petroleum-based fuels. To help ensure we use energy efficiently and cost-effectively, we maintain energy efficiency improvement programs at our manufacturing sites. Our contracts with energy suppliers vary as to price, payment terms, quantities and duration. Our energy costs are also affected by various market factors including the availability of supplies of particular forms of energy, energy prices and local and national regulatory decisions (including actions taken to address climate change and related market responses) and geopolitical factors. There can be no assurance that we will be fully protected against substantial changes in the price or availability of energy sources.
There can be no assurance that our efforts to minimize the impact of increased costs, including increasing selling prices, in response to the increased costs will be successful.
Cyber-attacks, privacy breaches, data breaches or a failure of key information technology systems could disrupt our business operations and cause us financial and reputational damage.
Increased cyber-security threats and computer crime pose a potential risk to the security of our information technology systems, including those of third-party service providers with whom we have contracted, as well as the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the data stored on those systems. Further, data privacy is subject to frequently changing rules and regulations regarding the handling of personal data, such as the GDPR, LGPD, PIPL and CCPA. Any breach in our information technology security systems could result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, including sensitive customer, supplier, employee or investor information maintained in the ordinary course of our business. Any such event, or any failure to comply with these data privacy requirements or other laws in this area, could cause damage to our reputation, loss of valuable information or loss of revenue and could result in legal liability, or regulatory or other penalties. In addition, we may incur large expenditures to investigate or remediate, to recover data, to repair or replace networks or information systems, or to protect against similar future events.
Our information technology systems, some of which are dependent on services provided by third parties, serve an important role in the efficient and effective operation and administration of our business. These systems could be damaged or cease to function properly due to any number of causes, such as catastrophic events, power outages, security breaches, user or system errors, computer viruses or cyber-based attacks. The risk of cyber-based attacks is heightened with many of our employees working and accessing our technology infrastructure remotely. While we have contingency plans in place to prevent or mitigate the impact of these events, if they were to occur and our disaster recovery plans do not effectively address the issues on a timely basis, we could suffer interruptions in our ability to manage our operations, which may adversely affect our business and financial results.
We are in the process of upgrading our enterprise resource planning system (known as SAP) to enhance operating efficiencies and provide more effective management of our business operations. The upgrade poses several challenges, including training of personnel, communication of new rules and procedures, migration of data, and the potential instability of the new system. Moreover, there is no assurance that the new system will meet our current and future business needs or that it will operate as
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designed. Any significant failure or delay in the system upgrade could cause an interruption to our business and adversely affect our operations and financial results.
Our international operations are subject to foreign market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates, currency restrictions and political, social and economic instability, which may adversely affect our financial results.
Our strategy includes operations growth outside the U.S., especially in developing markets such as China, Eastern Europe, ASEAN and Latin America. About half of our net sales come from markets outside the U.S. We and our equity companies have manufacturing facilities in 33 countries and sell products in a substantial majority of countries around the world. Our results may be substantially affected by a number of foreign market risks:
•Exposure to the movement of various currencies against each other and the U.S. dollar. A portion of the exposures, arising from transactions and commitments denominated in non-local currencies, is systematically managed through foreign currency forward and swap contracts where available and economically advantageous. We do not generally hedge our income statement translation exposure with respect to foreign operations.
•Increases in currency exchange restrictions. These restrictions could limit our ability to repatriate earnings from outside the U.S. or obtain currency exchange for U.S. dollar inputs to continue operating in certain countries.
•Adverse political conditions. Risks related to political instability (including the war in Ukraine), expropriation, new or revised legal or regulatory constraints, difficulties in enforcing contractual and intellectual property rights, and potentially adverse tax consequences could adversely affect our financial results.
•Increases in dollar-based input costs for operations outside the U.S. due to weaker foreign exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar. There can be no assurance that we will be protected against substantial foreign currency fluctuations.
•Greater economic volatility and vulnerability to infrastructure and labor disruptions.
The inability to effectively manage foreign market risk could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. See Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") and Item 8, Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding our adoption of highly inflationary accounting in Argentina and Turkey.
Our operations in Russia and the surrounding region are impacted by the war in Ukraine.
The war between Russia and Ukraine has negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our operations in Russia and the surrounding region. Beginning in March 2022, we have implemented significant adjustments to our business in Russia. We have substantially curtailed media, advertising and promotional activity and suspended capital investments at our single manufacturing facility in Russia. Consistent with the humanitarian nature of our products, we manufacture and sell only essential items in Russia, such as baby diapers and feminine pads, which are critical to the health and hygiene of women, girls and babies. Our ability to continue our reduced operations in Russia may change as we continue to experience increased input costs, supply chain complexities, reduced consumer demand, restricted access to financial institutions and increased monetary, currency and payment controls. As the business, geopolitical, and regulatory environment concerning Russia evolves, we may not be able to sustain the limited manufacture and sale of our products, and our assets may be partially or fully impaired. Moreover, the war in Ukraine could result in cyber-based attacks to our information technology systems, disruptions to foreign exchange rates and financial and credit markets and amplify or affect the other risk factors set forth in this Part I, Item 1A, any of which may adversely affect our business.
We face various risks related to health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks, which may have material adverse effects on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Our business and financial results may be negatively impacted by health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had and could continue to have negative impacts on our business, including causing significant volatility in demand for our products, changes in consumer behavior and preference, disruptions in our manufacturing and supply chain operations, disruptions to our cost saving programs, limitations on our employees’ ability to work and travel, significant changes in the economic or political conditions in markets in which we operate and related currency and commodity volatility. Despite our efforts to manage these impacts, their ultimate impact also depends on factors beyond our knowledge or control, including the duration and severity of any such outbreak and actions taken to contain its spread and mitigate its public health effects.
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Damage to the reputation of Kimberly-Clark or to one or more of our brands could adversely affect our business.
Developing and maintaining our reputation, as well as the reputation of our brands, is a critical factor in our relationship with consumers, customers, suppliers and others. Our inability to address adverse publicity or other issues, including concerns about product safety, quality, efficacy, environmental impacts (including packaging, energy and water use and waste management), inclusion, equity and diversity, human rights and other sustainability or similar matters, or breaches of consumer, customer, supplier, employee or other confidential information, real or perceived, could negatively impact sentiment towards us and our products and brands, and our business and financial results could suffer. In addition, our products could face withdrawal, recall or other quality issues. Consumers increasing use and reliance on social media for information could increase the risk of adverse publicity, potentially with negative perception of our products or brands. Our business and results could also be negatively impacted by the effects of product-related litigation, allegations of product tampering or contamination, or the distribution and sale of counterfeit products.
Disruption in our supply chain or our manufacturing or distribution operations could adversely affect our business.
Our ability to manufacture, distribute and sell products is critical to our operations. These activities are subject to inherent risks such as natural disasters, power outages, fires or explosions, labor strikes or labor shortages, terrorism, epidemics, pandemics (including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic), import restrictions, regional economic, business, environmental or political events (including the war in Ukraine), governmental regulatory requirements or nongovernmental voluntary actions in response to global climate change or other concerns regarding the sustainability of our business, which could disrupt our supply chain and impair our ability to manufacture or sell our products. This interruption, if not mitigated in advance or otherwise effectively managed, could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as require additional resources to address.
We have a complex network of suppliers, including a number of sole-source and single-source suppliers for certain commodities and raw material inputs. In addition, third parties manufacture some of our products and provide certain administrative services. Disruptions or delays at these suppliers, third-party manufacturers or service providers due to the reasons above or the failure of these parties, manufacturers or service providers to otherwise satisfactorily perform, could adversely impact our operations, sales, payments to our suppliers, employees, and others, and our ability to report financial and management information on a timely and accurate basis. In the case of our sole-source suppliers, failure to successfully negotiate satisfactory purchase terms could adversely impact our business.
There is no guarantee that our ongoing efforts to reduce costs will be successful.
We continue to implement plans to improve our competitive position by achieving cost reductions in our operations. In addition, we expect ongoing cost savings from our continuous improvement activities. We anticipate these cost savings will result from reducing material costs and manufacturing waste and realizing productivity gains, distribution efficiencies and overhead reductions in each of our business segments and in our corporate functions. Any negative impact these plans have on our relationships with employees, suppliers or customers or any failure to generate the anticipated efficiencies and savings could adversely affect our financial results.
We may acquire or divest product lines or businesses, which could impact our results.
We may pursue acquisitions of product lines or businesses from third parties. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including difficulties in the assimilation of the operations, technologies, services and products of the acquired product lines or businesses, estimation and assumption of liabilities and contingencies, personnel turnover and the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns. We may be unable to successfully integrate and manage product lines or businesses that we may acquire in the future, or be unable to achieve anticipated benefits or cost savings from acquisitions in the timeframe we anticipate, or at all.
We may periodically divest product lines or businesses. These divestitures may adversely impact our results if we are unable to offset the dilutive impacts from the loss of revenue associated with the divested products or businesses, or mitigate overhead costs allocated to those businesses. Furthermore, the divestitures could adversely affect our ongoing business operations, including by enhancing our competitors' positions or reducing consumer confidence in our ongoing brands and products.
The inability to effectively and efficiently manage acquisitions and divestitures with the results we expect or in the timeframe we anticipate could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
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Disruptions in the credit markets or changes to our credit ratings may adversely affect our business.
We access the long-term and short-term capital markets to obtain financing. Our financial performance, our short- and long-term debt credit ratings, interest rates, the stability of financial institutions with which we partner, geopolitical or national political developments (including those related to the ability of Congress to raise the U.S. federal debt ceiling), the stability and liquidity of the overall global capital markets and the state of the global economy, could affect our access to, and the availability and cost of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions and our ability to pay dividends in the future.
We regularly access the commercial paper market for ongoing funding requirements. A downgrade in our credit ratings by a credit rating agency could increase our borrowing costs and adversely affect our ability to issue commercial paper. Disruptions in the commercial paper market or other effects of volatile economic conditions on the credit markets also could reduce the amount of commercial paper that we could issue and raise our borrowing costs for both short- and long-term debt offerings.
Disruptions in the credit markets, limitations on our ability to borrow, a reduction in our liquidity or an increase in our borrowing costs could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Climate change and other sustainability matters may adversely affect our business and operations.
There is growing concern that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may have an adverse impact on global temperatures, weather patterns, and the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters. We have transition risks related to the transition to a lower-carbon economy and physical risks related to the physical impacts of climate change. Transition risks include increased costs of carbon emission, increased cost to produce products in compliance with future regulations, increased raw materials cost, shifts in customer/consumer values and other legal, regulatory and technological risks. Physical risks include the risk of direct damage to assets or supply chain disruption caused by severe weather events such as floods, storms, wildfires and droughts. In addition, concern over climate change may result in new legal and regulatory requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of climate change on the environment. Despite our sustainability efforts, any failure to achieve our sustainability goals, including those aimed to reduce our impact on, improve or preserve the environment, or the perception (whether or not valid) that we have failed to act responsibly with respect to such matters or to effectively respond to new legal or regulatory requirements regarding climate change, could adversely affect our business and reputation.
There is also increased focus, including by governmental and non-governmental organizations, investors, customers, consumers, our employees and other stakeholders on these and other sustainability matters, including responsible sourcing and deforestation, the use of plastic, energy and water, the recyclability or recoverability of packaging, including single-use and other plastic packaging and ingredient transparency. Our reputation could be damaged if we do not (or are perceived not to) act responsibly with respect to sustainability matters, which could adversely affect our business.
Marketing and Competition
Increasing dependence on key retailers in Developed Markets and the emergence of new sales channels may adversely affect our business.
Our products are sold in a highly competitive global marketplace, which continues to experience increased concentration and the growing presence of large-format retailers, discounters and e-tailers. With the consolidation of retail trade, both traditional retailers and e-tailers, we are dependent on key customers, and some of these customers, including large-format retailers and large e-tailers, may have significant bargaining power. They may use this leverage to demand higher trade discounts or allowances which could lead to reduced profitability. We may also be negatively affected by changes in the policies of our retail trade customers, such as inventory destocking, limitations on access to shelf space, delisting of our products, additional requirements related to safety, environmental, social and other sustainability issues, and other conditions. If we lose a significant customer or if sales of our products to a significant customer materially decrease, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Intense competition for sales of our products, changes in consumer purchasing patterns and the inability to innovate or market our products effectively could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
We operate in highly competitive domestic and international markets against well-known, branded products and low-cost or private label products. Inherent risks in our competitive strategy include uncertainties concerning trade and consumer acceptance, the effects of consolidation within retailer and distribution channels, a growing e-commerce marketplace, and customers' and competitors' actions. Our competitors for these markets include global, regional and local manufacturers,
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including private label manufacturers. Some of these competitors may have better access to financial resources and greater market penetration, which enable them to offer a wider variety of products and services at more competitive prices. Alternatively, some of these competitors may have significantly lower product development and manufacturing costs, particularly with respect to private label products, allowing them to offer products at a lower price. E-commerce potentially intensifies competition by simplifying distribution and lowering barriers to entry. The actions of these competitors could adversely affect our financial results. In order to stay competitive, it may be necessary for us to lower prices on our products and increase spending on advertising and promotions, which could adversely affect our financial results.
We may be unable to anticipate or adequately respond to changes in consumer demand for our products. Demand for our products may change based on many factors, including shifting consumer purchasing patterns to lower cost options such as private-label products and mid to lower-tier value products, low birth rates in certain countries due to slow economic growth or other factors, negative customer or consumer response to pricing actions, consumer shifts in distribution from traditional retailers to e-tailers, subscription services and direct to consumer businesses, changing consumer preferences due to increased concerns in regard to post-consumer waste and packaging materials and their impact on environmental sustainability, or other changes in consumer trends or habits. If we experience lower sales due to changes in consumer demand for our products, our earnings could decrease.
Our ability to develop new products is affected by whether we can successfully anticipate consumer needs and preferences, develop and fund technological innovations, and receive and maintain necessary patent and trademark protection. In addition, we incur substantial development and marketing costs in introducing new and improved products and technologies. The introduction of a new consumer product (whether improved or newly developed) usually requires substantial expenditures for advertising and marketing to gain recognition in the marketplace. If a product gains consumer acceptance, it normally requires continued advertising and promotional support to maintain its relative market position. Some of our competitors may spend more aggressively on advertising and promotional activities, introduce competing products more quickly and respond more effectively to changing business and economic conditions. We may not be successful in developing new or improved products and technologies necessary to compete successfully in the industry, and we may not be successful in advertising, marketing, timely launching and selling our products. Also, if we fail to perfect or successfully assert our intellectual property rights, we may be less competitive, which could adversely affect our business, financial results and financial condition.
Legal and Regulatory
Government regulations and enforcement, and potential litigation, could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
As a global company, we are subject to a wide variety of laws and governmental regulations across all of the countries in which we do business, including laws and regulations involving marketing, antitrust, anti-bribery or anti-corruption, data privacy, product liability, product composition or formulation, packaging content or corporate responsibility after consumer purchase, environmental impact, intellectual property, employment, healthcare or other matters.
We could be subject to significant legal liability and litigation expense if we fail to comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies and related interpretations. Our business is subject to the risk of litigation involving customers, consumers, suppliers, competitors, shareholders, government agencies or others through private actions, class actions, whistleblower claims, administrative proceedings, regulatory actions or other litigation. While it is our policy and practice to comply with all legal and regulatory requirements applicable to our business, we cannot provide assurance that our employees and agents will follow our policies and procedures at all times. A finding that we are in violation of, or out of compliance with, applicable laws or regulations could subject us to civil remedies, including fines, damages, injunctions, product recalls or criminal sanctions, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. Whether or not a claim is successful, without merit or not fully pursued, negative publicity arising from allegations regarding our products, processes or business practices could adversely affect our reputation and brand image.
In addition, new or revised laws, regulations or their interpretation may alter the environment in which we do business which could adversely impact our financial results. For example, new legislation or regulations may result in increased costs to us, directly for our compliance, or indirectly to the extent suppliers increase prices of goods and services because of increased compliance costs, excise taxes or reduced availability of raw materials.
While we maintain insurance for certain potential liabilities, such insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions as well as caps on amounts recoverable. Even if we believe a claim is covered by
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insurance, insurers may dispute our entitlement to recovery for a variety of potential reasons, which may affect the timing and, if they prevail, the amount of our recovery.
New or revised tax regulations could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
We are subject to income tax requirements in various jurisdictions in the U.S. and internationally. Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. Some jurisdictions have unpredictable enforcement activity. Increases in applicable tax rates, implementation of new taxes, changes in applicable tax laws and interpretations of these tax laws and actions by tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we operate could reduce our after tax income and have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2022, we own or lease:
•our principal executive office located in the Dallas, Texas metropolitan area;
•five operating segment and geographic headquarters at three U.S. and two international locations; and
•four global business service centers at one U.S. and three international locations.
The locations of our and our equity affiliates' principal production facilities by major geographic areas of the world are as follows:
Geographic Area: | Number of Facilities | ||||
North America (in 14 states in the U.S.) | 28 | ||||
| Outside North America | 55 | ||||
Total (in 33 countries) | 83 | ||||
Many of these facilities produce multiple products, some across multiple segments. Consumer tissue and K-C Professional products are produced in 48 facilities and personal care products are produced in 48 facilities. We believe that our and our equity affiliates' facilities are suitable for their purpose, adequate to support their businesses and well maintained.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Item 8, Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated in this Item 3 by reference, for information on legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The names and ages of our executive officers as of February 9, 2023, together with certain biographical information, are as follows:
Ehab Abou-Oaf, 56, was elected President of K-C Professional in January 2022. He is responsible for our global business to business operations which provide a deep range of essential commercial products and services, including tissue and surface wipers, skin care, safety and do-it-yourself products. Previously, he served as Vice President, Middle East & Africa since 2020. Mr. Abouf-Oaf joined Kimberly-Clark from Mars, Inc., a manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products, where he had a number of positions with increasing responsibility over 19 years, including Regional President, Asia, Middle East & Africa Confectionery from 2017 to 2019 and Regional President, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Northern Africa Chocolate from 2016 to 2017. Prior to joining Mars, he spent ten years with The Procter & Gamble Company in packaging, product development and marketing roles. He also serves on the board of trustees of the American University in Cairo and on the board of directors of the Singapore American School.
Doug Cunningham, 51, was elected President, K-C Europe, Middle East & Africa ("EMEA") in 2021. He is responsible for our consumer business in our EMEA region. Prior to that, he served as Vice President and Managing Director, Australia & New Zealand since 2019. Mr. Cunningham joined Kimberly-Clark from Johnson & Johnson, a health care products company, where he served in multiple roles of increasing responsibility across Asia Pacific, North America and Africa, most recently as Managing Director, Johnson & Johnson Pacific.
Tamera Fenske, 44, was elected Senior Vice President and Chief Supply Chain Officer in September 2022. She is responsible for procurement, manufacturing, logistics, transportation, safety and sustainability, as well as our global nonwovens division. Ms. Fenske joined Kimberly-Clark from 3M Company where she served in multiple roles of increasing responsibility, most recently as Senior Vice President, U.S. and Canada Manufacturing and Supply Chain from February 2022 to September 2022, Senior Vice President Global Operations, Transportation & Electronics Business Group (TEBG) from 2021 to February 2022, Vice President of Global Operations, TEBG, from 2020 to 2021, Mfg/SC/LSS Vice President from 2018 to 2020, and Customer Value Stream Vice President from 2016 to 2018.
Zackery Hicks, 59, was elected Chief Digital and Technology officer in July 2022. He is responsible for all aspects of the company’s information technology and digital functions, including building brands and creating differentiated capability. Mr. Hicks joined Kimberly-Clark from Toyota Motors North America, Inc., a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation, a multinational automotive manufacturer, where he served as Executive Vice President and Chief Digital Officer since April 2018, and held roles of increasing responsibility with Toyota since 1996, including CEO and President of Toyota Connected North America. He also serves on the board of directors of Signet Jewelers Ltd.
Michael D. Hsu, 58, has served as Chairman of the Board since January 2020 and as Chief Executive Officer since January 2019. Prior to that, he served as President and Chief Operating Officer since 2017, where he was responsible for the day-to-day operations of our business units, along with our global innovation, marketing and supply chain functions. He served as Group President, K-C North America from 2013 to 2016, where he was responsible for our consumer business in North America, as well as leading the development of new business strategies for global nonwovens. From 2012 to 2013, his title was Group President, North America Consumer Products. He has been a director of Kimberly-Clark since 2017. Prior to joining Kimberly-Clark, Mr. Hsu served as Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer of Kraft Foods, Inc., from January 2012 to July 2012, as President of Sales, Customer Marketing and Logistics from 2010 to 2012 and as President of its grocery business unit from 2008 to 2010. Prior to that, Mr. Hsu served as President and Chief Operating Officer, Foodservice at H. J. Heinz Company. He also serves on the board of directors of Texas Instruments Incorporated.
Sandra R.A. Karrmann, 57, was elected Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer in 2020. She is responsible for the design and implementation of all human capital strategies for Kimberly-Clark, including global compensation and benefits, talent management, inclusion, equity and diversity organizational effectiveness and labor/employee relations. Ms. Karrmann joined Kimberly-Clark from Tenet Healthcare Corporation, a diversified healthcare services company, where she served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since 2019 and Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since 2017. Prior to joining Tenet, she served as Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer for United Surgical Partners International, which operates surgical facilities, since 2013.
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Alison Lewis, 55, was elected Chief Growth Officer in 2019. Ms. Lewis joined Kimberly-Clark from Johnson & Johnson, where she served as Chief Marketing Officer of the Global Consumer business since 2013. Prior to her role at Johnson & Johnson, Ms. Lewis served as Chief Marketing Officer, Senior Vice President, North America at The Coca-Cola Company.
Robert Long, 65, was elected Chief Research and Development Officer in 2021. He has global responsibility for the company's research and development, quality and regulatory functions, and is charged with accelerating growth through innovation that addresses opportunities to elevate Kimberly-Clark’s trusted brands. Mr. Long joined Kimberly-Clark from the Coca-Cola Company where he served in multiple roles of increasing responsibility, most recently as Senior Vice President for Global R&D and Chief Innovation Officer from 2016 to March 2021.
Jeffrey Melucci, 52, was elected Chief Business Development and Legal Officer in November 2020. From April 2020 to November 2020, he served as Senior Vice President, Business Development and General Counsel and from September 2017 to April 2020, he served as Senior Vice President - General Counsel. From January 2017 to September 2017, he served as Vice President, Senior Deputy General Counsel and General Counsel of Kimberly-Clark’s Global Operations. From 2013 to 2017, he served as Vice President and Deputy General Counsel. He also served as Chief Transformation Officer from November 2020 to October 2021, Corporate Secretary from 2014 to 2017 and General Counsel of Kimberly-Clark International from 2013 to 2016. Mr. Melucci joined Kimberly-Clark from General Electric, where he served in multiple roles of increasing responsibility, most recently as General Counsel - Aviation Systems and Aviation Business Development.
Paula S. Vaz Ramos, 43, was elected Chief Strategy and Transformation Officer in October 2021. From March 2021 to October 2021 she served as Chief Strategy Officer. She has global responsibility for our enterprise strategy and transformation activities. Ms. Ramos joined Kimberly-Clark from McKinsey & Company where she served in multiple roles of increasing responsibility over 18 years, most recently as a Partner.
Russell Torres, 51, was elected Group President, K-C North America in 2021. He is responsible for our consumer business in North America. From 2020 to 2021, he served as President of K-C Professional. Mr. Torres joined Kimberly-Clark from Newell Brands Inc., a consumer goods company, where he served as Group President since 2018 and as Chief Transformation Officer from 2016 to 2018. Prior to joining Newell Brands, Mr. Torres was a partner at Bain & Company from 2013 to 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Torres served as a senior executive at Mondelēz International in its North America Business Unit from 2011 to 2013.
Nelson Urdaneta, 50, was elected Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in April 2022. Prior to joining Kimberly-Clark, he served as Senior Vice President, Treasurer at Mondelēz International since September 2021. Mr. Urdaneta joined Mondelēz in 2005 and served in multiple roles of increasing responsibility, including Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer and Vice President Finance, Asia Pacific. Prior to joining Mondelēz, he was the Director, Financial Planning and Analysis at Ryder System, Inc.
Gonzalo Uribe, 51, was elected President, K-C Latin America in 2020. He is responsible for our consumer business in our Latin America region. From 2018 to 2020 he served as Vice President, North Latin America and from 2017 to 2018 he served as Vice President, Andean Region. Mr. Uribe joined Kimberly-Clark from Mondelēz International, where he served in multiple roles of increasing responsibility, most recently as Western Andean, Central America and Caribbean General Manager.
Tristram Wilkinson, 54, was elected President, K-C Asia Pacific in 2021. He is responsible for our consumer business in our Asia Pacific region. From 2018 to 2021, he served as President, K-C EMEA. From 2016 to 2018, he served as Vice President and Managing Director, Central & Eastern Europe. Prior to that, Mr. Wilkinson held a number of positions of increasing responsibility within our EMEA operations, including Vice President and Managing Director, United Kingdom & Ireland. Mr. Wilkinson joined Kimberly-Clark in 1995.
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| PART II | |||||
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Kimberly-Clark common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The ticker symbol is KMB.
Quarterly dividends have been paid continually since 1935. Dividends have been paid on or about the second business day of January, April, July and October.
As of January 31, 2023, we had 16,810 holders of record of our common stock.
For information relating to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, see Part III, Item 12 of this Form 10-K.
We repurchase shares of Kimberly-Clark common stock from time to time pursuant to publicly announced share repurchase programs. During 2022, we repurchased 779 thousand shares of our common stock at a cost of $100 through a broker in the open market.
The following table contains information for shares repurchased during the fourth quarter of 2022. None of the shares in this table were repurchased directly from any of our officers or directors.
| Period (2022) | Total Number of Shares Purchased(a) | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 1 to October 31 | 71,600 | $ | 115.67 | 38,960,781 | 41,039,219 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| November 1 to November 30 | 81,900 | 128.85 | 39,042,681 | 40,957,319 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 1 to December 31 | 46,200 | 137.06 | 39,088,881 | 40,911,119 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 199,700 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Share repurchases were made pursuant to a share repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors on November 13, 2014. This program allows for the repurchase of 40 million shares in an amount not to exceed $5 billion (the "2014 Program").
(b)Includes shares under the 2014 Program, as well as available shares under a share repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors on January 22, 2021 that allows for the repurchase of 40 million shares in an amount not to exceed $5 billion.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Intentionally Omitted
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Introduction
This MD&A is intended to provide investors with an understanding of our recent performance, financial condition and prospects. This discussion and analysis compares 2022 results to 2021. For a discussion that compares our 2021 results to 2020, see Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The reference to "N.M." indicates that the calculation is not meaningful. In addition, we provide commentary regarding organic sales growth, which describes the impact of changes in volume, product mix and net selling prices on net sales. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, acquisitions and exited businesses also impact the year-over-year change in net sales. Dollar amounts are reported in millions, except per share dollar amounts, unless otherwise noted.
The following will be discussed and analyzed:
•Overview of Business
•Overview of 2022 Results
•Business Environment and Trends
•Results of Operations and Related Information
•Liquidity and Capital Resources
•Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
•New Accounting Standards
•Information Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
Throughout this MD&A, we refer to financial measures that have not been calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or GAAP, and are therefore referred to as non-GAAP financial measures. These measures include adjusted gross and operating profit, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted other (income) and expense, net, and adjusted effective tax rate. We believe these measures provide our investors with additional information about our underlying results and trends, as well as insight to some of the financial measures used to evaluate management.
Non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the comparable GAAP measures, and they should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are limitations to these non-GAAP financial measures because they are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences in methods of calculation and items being excluded. We compensate for these limitations by using these non-GAAP financial measures as a supplement to the GAAP measures and by providing reconciliations of the non-GAAP and comparable GAAP financial measures.
The non-GAAP financial measures exclude the following items for the relevant time periods as indicated in the reconciliations included later in this MD&A:
•Pension settlements - In 2022, pension settlement charges were recognized related to lump-sum distributions from pension plan assets exceeding the total of annual service and interest costs resulting in a recognition of deferred actuarial losses.
•Acquisition of controlling interest in Thinx – In the first quarter of 2022, we increased our investment in Thinx. As a result of this transaction, a net benefit was recognized, primarily due to the non-recurring, non-cash gain recognized related to the remeasurement of the carrying value of our previously held equity investment to fair value partially offset by transaction and integration costs. See Item 8, Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for details.
•2018 Global Restructuring Program - In 2018, we initiated a restructuring program to reduce our structural cost base by streamlining and simplifying our manufacturing supply chain and overhead organization. The restructuring actions were completed in 2021. See Item 8, Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for details.
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Overview of Business
We are a global company focused on delivering products and solutions that provide better care for a better world, with manufacturing facilities in 33 countries, including our equity affiliates, and products sold in more than 175 countries and territories. Our products are sold under well-known brands such as Kleenex, Scott, Huggies, Pull-Ups, Kotex and Depend. We have three reportable business segments: Personal Care, Consumer Tissue and K-C Professional. These business segments are described in greater detail in Item 8, Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements.
In operating our business, we seek to:
•grow our portfolio of brands through innovation, category development and commercial execution,
•leverage our cost and financial discipline to fund growth and improve margins, and
•allocate capital in value-creating ways.
We describe our business outside North America in two groups – Developing and Emerging Markets ("D&E") and Developed Markets. D&E Markets comprise Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, Latin America and Asia-Pacific, excluding Australia and South Korea. Developed Markets consist of Western and Central Europe, Australia and South Korea.
On February 24, 2022, we completed our acquisition of a majority and controlling share of Thinx, an industry leader in the reusable period and incontinence underwear category, for total consideration of $181 consisting of cash of $53, the fair value of our previously held equity investment of $127, and certain share-based award costs of $1. See Item 8, Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for details.
On October 24, 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our Neve tissue brand and related consumer and K-C Professional tissue assets in Brazil for $175, subject to certain working capital and other closing adjustments. The transaction also includes a licensing agreement to allow the acquirer to manufacture and market in Brazil the Kleenex, Scott and Wypall brands to consumers and away-from-home customers for a period of time. The transaction is pending customary conditions and regulatory approval and is expected to close in the first half of 2023. The assets included in the sale agreement have been reclassified to Other current assets as of December 31, 2022.
Overview of 2022 Results
•Net sales of $20.2 billion increased 4 percent. Organic sales increased 7 percent, while changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by 4 percent.
•In North America, organic sales increased 5 percent in consumer products and increased 9 percent in K-C Professional.
•Outside North America, organic sales increased 8 percent in D&E Markets and increased 10 percent in Developed Markets.
•Operating Profit and Net Income Attributable to Kimberly-Clark were $2,681 and $1,934 in 2022, respectively.
•Diluted earnings per share were $5.72 in 2022 compared to $5.35 in 2021. Results in 2022 include pension settlement charges of $0.12 and a net benefit of $0.20 associated with the acquisition of Thinx, primarily due to the non-recurring, non-cash gain recognized related to the remeasurement of the carrying value of our previously held equity investment to fair value partially offset by transaction and integration costs. Results in 2021 include net charges of $0.83 related to the 2018 Global Restructuring Program.
•We continue to focus on generating cash flow and allocating capital to shareholders. Cash provided by operations was $2.7 billion in 2022. We raised our dividend in 2022 by 2 percent, the 50th consecutive annual increase in our dividend. Altogether, share repurchases and dividends in 2022 amounted to $1.7 billion.
In 2023, we plan to continue to execute our strategies for long-term success which include delivering balanced, sustainable growth by growing our brands in-line with or ahead of category growth, leveraging our cost and financial discipline to fund growth and improve margins, and allocating capital in value-creating ways. Our growth strategy is built on two pillars. Elevate our core business is our first pillar and is driven by delivering value-added innovations and driving category opportunities. Expanding our markets is our second pillar and emphasizes Personal Care. Both strategies are enabled by our focus on
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accelerating and investing in our commercial capabilities through digital marketing, revenue growth management, consumer-inspired innovation and strong in-market execution.
Our strong legacy of financial discipline supports our growth strategy by driving ongoing supply chain productivity through our FORCE (Focused On Reducing Costs Everywhere) program, controlling discretionary spending, driving down working capital and maintaining the top-tier return on invested capital. Our capital allocation strategy is consistent with our historical approach of disciplined capital spending, payment of a top tier dividend, evaluation of acquisition opportunities and allocation of excess cash flow to share repurchases.
We are subject to risks and uncertainties, which can affect our business operations and financial results. See Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-K for additional information.
Business Environment and Trends
Our results of operations have been, and we expect them to continue to be, affected by the following factors and key trends, which may cause our future results of operations to differ from our historical results discussed under “Results of Operations and Related Information.”
COVID-19 - The macro business environment experienced unprecedented volatility in recent years related to the continuing effect the global COVID-19 pandemic has had on supply and demand dynamics.
We participate in fixed consumption categories where demand is generally very stable. In recent years, our sales have fluctuated, especially in Consumer Tissue and K-C Professional, because of COVID-19-related demand spikes, inventory destocking, and consumer usage pattern disruption. Additionally, consumer incomes have generally been impacted negatively by the pandemic which can impact their purchasing patterns. COVID-19 outbreaks and patterns are difficult to predict.
The pandemic has significantly disrupted supply chains across the globe. A steep drop in aggregate demand at the beginning of the pandemic caused aggregate supply to sharply contract. When demand for goods resumed at the end of 2020, supply shortages led to record levels of inflation in commodities and other costs. In addition to inflation, logistics and distribution networks, especially in the U.S., have been severely impacted by container and truck shortages and significant labor supply issues. These effects have caused challenges getting input materials into our production facilities, production delays, and delays and meaningfully higher costs to get products from our production facilities to our customers. The net effect of the global supply chain disruption led to an unprecedented increase in costs in 2022 and 2021. The underlying causes of the disruption and higher costs will take time to be resolved.
Birth Rate Trends - Sales of our baby and child care products are highly correlated with birth rate trends. In recent years, birth rate declines in key countries, including China, South Korea and the U.S., have pressured category volume growth rates. To help mitigate the effects of birth rate declines, we aim to drive sales growth at or ahead of category growth rates through innovation, premiumization, strong brand building plans and digital marketing investment as part of our Elevate and Expand growth strategy.
Competition - Our products are sold in a highly competitive global marketplace. Our competitors include global, regional and local manufacturers, including private label manufacturers which offer products that are typically sold at lower prices. In particular, private label market share has been increasing in the tissue category. Increased purchases of private label products could reduce net sales of our higher-margin products which would negatively impact our profitability. While the global marketplace in which we operate has always been highly competitive, we continue to experience increased concentration and the growing presence of large-format retailers, discounters and e-tailers. This market environment has resulted in increased pressure on pricing and other competitive factors, and we expect these pressures to continue in the coming year.
Pricing - Our net sales growth and profitability may be affected as we adjust prices to address market conditions. We adjust our product prices based on a number of variables including demand, the competitive environment, technological improvements and changes in our raw material, distribution, energy and other input costs. We increased our prices in 2022 in response to continuing inflation related to the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and other market conditions, including the war in Ukraine. In 2023, we anticipate challenging market conditions to continue to impact pricing. Price changes may affect net sales, earnings and market share in the near term as the market adjusts to new pricing and other market conditions.
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Operating Costs - Our operating costs include raw materials, labor, selling, general and administrative expenses, taxes, currency impacts and financing costs. We manage these costs through cost saving and productivity initiatives, sourcing and hedging programs, and pricing actions. To remain competitive on our operating structure, we continue to work on programs to expand our profitability, such as our FORCE program. In 2022, our results were impacted by an unprecedented increase in our costs, particularly for pulp, resin, distribution and energy, primarily related to COVID-19 pandemic driven effects and the effects of the war in Ukraine. We expect the higher cost environment will continue in 2023.
Evolving Consumer Product and Shopping Preferences - The retail landscape in many of our markets continues to evolve due to the rapid growth of eCommerce retailers, changing consumer preferences (as consumers increasingly shop online) and the increased presence of alternative retail channels, such as subscription services and direct-to-consumer businesses. Changing consumer preferences also include increased concerns in regard to post-consumer waste and packaging materials and their impact on environmental sustainability. If we experience lower sales due to changes in consumer demand for our products, our earnings could decrease. We believe our strategic growth focus, sustainability initiatives and continued investment in eCommerce capabilities has us well positioned relative to these changing dynamics.
Volatility of Global Markets - Our growth strategy depends in part on our ability to expand our operations, including in D&E Markets. Some D&E Markets have greater political, economic and currency volatility and greater vulnerability to infrastructure and labor disruptions. Volatility in these markets affects our production costs and the demand for our products. Volatility in global consumer, commodity and foreign currency exchange rates increased significantly over the past few years and is expected to continue in the near term.
Climate Change - We operate in many regions around the world where our businesses could be disrupted by climate change. Our climate change risk categories include risks related to the transition to a lower-carbon economy (“Transition Risks”) and risks related to the physical impacts of climate change (“Physical Risks”). Transition Risks include increased costs of carbon emission, increased cost to produce products in compliance with future regulations, increased raw materials cost, shifts in customer/consumer values and other legal, regulatory and technological risks. Physical Risks include the risk of direct damage to assets or supply chain disruption caused by severe weather events such as floods, storms, wildfires and droughts. We continue to progress toward our 2030 Sustainability Goals which include elements that aim for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, use of natural forest fibers, use of plastics and use of water in water-stressed regions.
War in Ukraine - Beginning in March 2022, we have implemented significant adjustments to our business in Russia. We have substantially curtailed media, advertising and promotional activity and suspended capital investments in our sole manufacturing facility in Russia. Consistent with the humanitarian nature of our products, we manufacture and sell only essential items in Russia, such as baby diapers and feminine pads, which are critical to the health and hygiene of women, girls and babies. Our Russia business has represented approximately 1 to 2 percent of our net global sales, operating profit and total assets. Our ability to continue our operations in Russia may change as the situation evolves. Our business in Russia is experiencing increased input costs, supply chain complexities, reduced consumer demand and restricted access to financial institutions, as well as increased monetary, currency and payment controls. We are actively monitoring the situation, and as the business, geopolitical and regulatory environment concerning Russia evolves, we may not be able to sustain the limited manufacture and sale of our products, and our assets may be partially or fully impaired. We are also monitoring the increased risk of cyber-based attacks as a result of the war in Ukraine and have implemented additional cybersecurity measures designed to address the evolving threat landscape.
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Results of Operations and Related Information
This section presents a discussion and analysis of net sales, operating profit and other information relevant to an understanding of 2022 results of operations.
Consolidated
| Selected Financial Results | Year Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Change 2022 vs. 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Net Sales: | |||||||||||||||||
| North America | $ | 10,663 | $ | 10,052 | +6 | % | |||||||||||
| Outside North America | 9,799 | 9,697 | +1 | % | |||||||||||||
| Intergeographic sales | (287) | (309) | -7 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Net Sales | 20,175 | 19,440 | +4 | % | |||||||||||||
| Operating Profit: | |||||||||||||||||
| North America | 2,071 | 2,066 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Outside North America | 979 | 1,082 | -10 | % | |||||||||||||
Corporate & Other(a) | (412) | (559) | N.M. | ||||||||||||||
Other (income) and expense, net(a) | (43) | 28 | N.M. | ||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Profit | 2,681 | 2,561 | +5 | % | |||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (495) | (479) | +3 | % | |||||||||||||
| Share of net income of equity companies | 116 | 98 | +18 | % | |||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Kimberly-Clark Corporation | 1,934 | 1,814 | +7 | % | |||||||||||||
| Diluted Earnings per Share | 5.72 | 5.35 | +7 | % | |||||||||||||
(a) Corporate & Other and Other (income) and expense, net includes income and expenses not associated with the business segments, including adjustments as indicated in the Non-GAAP Reconciliations.
GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations of Selected Financial Results
| Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As Reported | Acquisition of Controlling Interest in Thinx | Pension Settlements | As Adjusted Non-GAAP | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing, research and general expenses | $ | 3,581 | $ | 21 | $ | — | $ | 3,560 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) and expense, net | (43) | (85) | — | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Profit | 2,681 | 64 | — | 2,617 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonoperating expense | (73) | — | (52) | (21) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (495) | 4 | 13 | (512) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 21.2 | % | — | — | 22.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Kimberly-Clark Corporation | 1,934 | 68 | (39) | 1,905 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted Earnings per Share(a) | 5.72 | 0.20 | (0.12) | 5.63 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As Reported | 2018 Global Restructuring Program | As Adjusted Non-GAAP | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | $ | 13,452 | $ | 154 | $ | 13,298 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | 5,988 | (154) | 6,142 | |||||||||||||||||
| Marketing, research and general expenses | 3,399 | 111 | 3,288 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) and expense, net | 28 | 10 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Profit | 2,561 | (275) | 2,836 | |||||||||||||||||
Nonoperating expense | (86) | (79) | (7) | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (479) | 75 | (554) | |||||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 21.5 | % | — | 21.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Share of net income of equity companies | 98 | (7) | 105 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (30) | 5 | (35) | |||||||||||||||||
Net Income Attributable to Kimberly-Clark Corporation | 1,814 | (281) | 2,095 | |||||||||||||||||
Diluted Earnings per Share(a) | 5.35 | (0.83) | 6.18 | |||||||||||||||||
(a) "As Adjusted Non-GAAP" may not equal "As Reported" plus "Adjustments" as a result of rounding.
Analysis of Consolidated Results
| Net Sales | Percent Change | Adjusted Operating Profit | Percent Change | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 vs. 2021 | 2022 vs. 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | (3) | Volume | (9) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Price | 9 | Net Price | 59 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mix/Other | 1 | Input Costs | (52) | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency | (4) | Cost Savings(c) | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
Total(a) | 4 | Currency Translation | (3) | |||||||||||||||||
Other(d) | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic(b) | 7 | Total | (8) | |||||||||||||||||
(a) Total may not equal the sum of volume, net price, mix/other and currency due to rounding.
(b) Combined impact of changes in volume, net price and mix/other.
(c) Benefits of the FORCE program.
(d) Includes impact of changes in product mix, marketing, research and general expenses, foreign currency transaction effects and other manufacturing costs.
Net sales of $20.2 billion increased 4 percent compared to the year ago period. Operating profit was $2,681 in 2022 and $2,561 in 2021. Adjusted operating profit was $2,617 in 2022 and $2,836 in 2021. Results were impacted by $1.5 billion of higher input costs, higher marketing, research and general expenses and unfavorable foreign currency effects. Results benefited from organic sales growth and $290 of FORCE savings.
Other (income) and expense, net was $43 of income in 2022, which primarily reflected the non-recurring, non-cash gain recognized upon the acquisition of a controlling interest in Thinx related to the remeasurement of the carrying value of our previously held equity investment to fair value. Other (income) and expense, net was $28 of expense in 2021. Adjusted other (income) and expense, net was $42 and $18 of expense in 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The effective tax rate of 21.2 percent in 2022 compared to the effective tax rate of 21.5 percent in 2021. The adjusted effective tax rate was 22.0 percent in 2022 compared to 21.5 percent in 2021.
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Our share of net income of equity companies was $116 in 2022 and $98 in 2021. Results were positively impacted by higher net selling prices partially offset by higher input costs and lower volumes.
Diluted earnings per share were $5.72 in 2022 and $5.35 in 2021. Adjusted earnings per share of $5.63 in 2022 decreased 9 percent compared to $6.18 in 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by lower adjusted operating profit.
Business Segments
Personal Care
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 10,622 | $ | 10,267 | Operating Profit | $ | 1,787 | $ | 1,856 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | Percent Change | Operating Profit | Percent Change | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 vs. 2021 | 2022 vs. 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | (3) | Volume | (7) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Price | 8 | Net Price | 45 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mix/Other | 2 | Input Costs | (34) | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency | (3) | Cost Savings(c) | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
Total(a) | 3 | Currency Translation | (3) | |||||||||||||||||
Other(d) | (12) | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic(b) | 7 | Total | (4) | |||||||||||||||||
(a) Total may not equal the sum of volume, net price, mix/other and currency due to rounding.
(b) Combined impact of changes in volume, net price and mix/other.
(c) Benefits of the FORCE program.
(d) Includes impact of changes in product mix, marketing, research and general expenses, foreign currency transaction effects and other manufacturing costs.
Net sales in North America increased 5 percent. Changes in net selling prices and product mix increased sales by 6 percent and 1 percent, respectively. The acquisition of Thinx increased sales by 1 percent. Volumes decreased 3 percent, which included the impact from a planned exit of a private label contract in 2022.
Net sales in D&E Markets increased 3 percent. Changes in net selling prices and product mix increased sales by approximately 12 percent and 3 percent, respectively. The improvements in product mix were primarily in China. Volumes decreased 6 percent led by declines in Eastern Europe, Indonesia and Brazil. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by 5 percent.
Net sales in Developed Markets outside North America were slightly down compared to the prior year. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by 11 percent. Volumes increased 5 percent with growth across all markets. Changes in net selling prices and product mix increased sales by 5 percent and 1 percent, respectively.
Operating profit of $1,787 decreased 4 percent. The comparison was negatively impacted by higher input costs, higher marketing, research and general expenses, lower volumes, unfavorable currency effects, and higher other manufacturing costs, partially offset by higher net selling prices, cost savings, and improved product mix.
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Consumer Tissue
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 6,243 | $ | 6,034 | Operating Profit | $ | 806 | $ | 888 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | Percent Change | Operating Profit | Percent Change | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 vs. 2021 | 2022 vs. 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | (1) | Volume | (5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Price | 8 | Net Price | 55 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mix/Other | — | Input Costs | (66) | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency | (4) | Cost Savings(c) | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
Total(a) | 3 | Currency Translation | (1) | |||||||||||||||||
Other(d) | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic(b) | 7 | Total | (9) | |||||||||||||||||
(a) Total may not equal the sum of volume, net price, mix/other and currency due to rounding.
(b) Combined impact of changes in volume, net price and mix/other.
(c) Benefits of the FORCE program.
(d) Includes impact of changes in product mix, marketing, research and general expenses, foreign currency transaction effects and other manufacturing costs.
Net sales in North America increased 7 percent. Changes in net selling prices increased sales by 6 percent, and volumes increased 1 percent.
Net sales in D&E Markets increased 2 percent. Changes in net selling prices and product mix increased sales by 10 percent and approximately 2 percent, respectively. Volumes decreased 6 percent led by declines primarily in Latin America. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by 3 percent.
Net sales in Developed Markets outside North America decreased 3 percent. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by approximately 10 percent, and exited businesses associated with the 2018 Global Restructuring Program decreased sales by 1 percent. Volumes decreased 1 percent. Changes in net selling prices increased sales by 10 percent.
Operating profit of $806 decreased 9 percent. The comparison was negatively impacted by higher input costs, higher marketing, research and general expenses and lower volumes, partially offset by higher net selling prices, cost savings and lower other manufacturing costs.
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K-C Professional
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 3,256 | $ | 3,072 | Operating Profit | $ | 457 | $ | 404 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | Percent Change | Operating Profit | Percent Change | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 vs. 2021 | 2022 vs. 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | (4) | Volume | (17) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Price | 12 | Net Price | 89 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mix/Other | 1 | Input Costs | (65) | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency | (4) | Cost Savings(c) | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
Total(a) | 6 | Currency Translation | (4) | |||||||||||||||||
Other(d) | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic(b) | 9 | Total | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
(a) Total may not equal the sum of volume, net price, mix/other and currency due to rounding.
(b) Combined impact of changes in volume, net price and mix/other.
(c) Benefits of the FORCE program.
(d) Includes impact of changes in product mix, marketing, research and general expenses, foreign currency transaction effects and other manufacturing costs.
Net sales in North America increased by 9 percent. Changes in net selling prices and product mix increased sales by 11 percent and 1 percent, respectively. Volumes decreased 3 percent.
Net sales in D&E Markets increased 4 percent. Changes in net selling prices and product mix increased sales by approximately 7 percent and 2 percent, respectively. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by 4 percent.
Net sales in Developed Markets outside North America increased 1 percent. Changes in net selling prices and product mix increased sales by 17 percent and 2 percent, respectively. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates decreased sales by 11 percent, and volumes decreased 7 percent led by declines in Western and Central Europe.
Operating profit of $457 increased 13 percent. The comparison was favorably impacted by higher net selling prices, cost savings and lower other manufacturing costs, partially offset by higher input costs, lower volumes and higher marketing, research and general expenses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Provided by Operations
Cash provided by operations was $2,733 in 2022 compared to $2,730 in 2021.
Obligations
The following table presents our total contractual obligations for which cash flows are fixed or determinable.
| Total | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 8,060 | $ | 472 | $ | 524 | $ | 550 | $ | 396 | $ | 595 | $ | 5,523 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest payments on long-term debt | 3,205 | 277 | 264 | 252 | 232 | 227 | 1,953 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 539 | 138 | 119 | 100 | 83 | 53 | 46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconditional purchase obligations | 4,120 | 1,794 | 958 | 798 | 279 | 252 | 39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Open purchase orders | 2,307 | 1,768 | 440 | 47 | 28 | 22 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total contractual obligations | $ | 18,231 | $ | 4,449 | $ | 2,305 | $ | 1,747 | $ | 1,018 | $ | 1,149 | $ | 7,563 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The unconditional purchase obligations are for the purchase of raw materials, primarily superabsorbent materials, pulp and utilities. Although we are primarily liable for payments on the above operating leases and unconditional purchase obligations,
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based on historic operating performance and forecasted future cash flows, we believe exposure to losses, if any, under these arrangements is not material.
The open purchase orders displayed in the table represent amounts for goods and services we have negotiated for delivery.
The table does not include amounts where payments are discretionary or the timing is uncertain. The following payments are not included in the table:
•Our consolidated subsidiary, Thinx, has issued common securities to the third-party minority owner, who has certain redemption rights to sell those securities to us. If the rights are exercised, it would require us to pay approximately $50 in 2023 and approximately $185 during a second exercise period of January 1, 2024 through June 30, 2026. See Item 8, Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for details.
•We will fund our defined benefit pension plans to meet or exceed statutory requirements and currently expect to contribute approximately $25 to these plans in 2023.
•Other postretirement benefit payments are estimated using actuarial assumptions, including expected future service, to project the future obligations. Based upon those projections, we anticipate making annual payments for these obligations of approximately $50 through 2032.
•Accrued income tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions, deferred taxes and noncontrolling interests.
Investing
Our capital spending was $876 in 2022 and $1,007 in 2021. Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired of $46 in 2022 reflected the acquisition of a controlling interest of Thinx. We expect capital spending to be approximately $800 to $900 in 2023.
Financing
We issue long-term debt in the public market periodically. Proceeds from the offerings are used for general corporate purposes, including repayment of maturing debt or outstanding commercial paper indebtedness. See Item 8, Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for details.
Our short-term debt, which consists of U.S. commercial paper with original maturities up to 90 days and/or other similar short-term debt issued by non-U.S. subsidiaries, was $373 as of December 31, 2022 (included in debt payable within one year on the consolidated balance sheet). The average month-end balance of short-term debt for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $757. These short-term borrowings provide supplemental funding to support our operations. The level of short-term debt generally fluctuates depending upon the amount of operating cash flows and the timing of customer receipts and payments for items such as pension contributions, dividends and income taxes.
At December 31, 2022, total debt was $8.4 billion compared to $8.6 billion at December 31, 2021.
We maintain a $2.0 billion revolving credit facility which expires in June 2026 and a $775 revolving credit facility which expires in June 2023. These facilities, currently unused, support our commercial paper program, and would provide liquidity in the event our access to the commercial paper markets is unavailable for any reason.
The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), is in the process of phasing out LIBOR with completion of the phase out expected by June 30, 2023. We have evaluated the potential effect of the elimination of LIBOR and do not expect the effect to be material. Accounting guidance has been issued to ease the transition to alternative reference rates from a financial reporting perspective.
We paid $1.6 billion in dividends in 2022. The Board of Directors approved a dividend increase of 1.7 percent for 2023. We repurchase shares of Kimberly-Clark common stock from time to time pursuant to publicly announced share repurchase programs. During 2022, we repurchased 779 thousand shares of our common stock at a cost of $100 through a broker in the open market. We are targeting full-year 2023 share repurchases of approximately $100 to $150, subject to market conditions.
We believe that our ability to generate cash from operations and our capacity to issue short-term and long-term debt are adequate to fund working capital, capital spending, pension contributions, dividends and other needs for the foreseeable future.
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Further, we do not expect restrictions or taxes on repatriation of cash held outside of the U.S. to have a material effect on our overall business, liquidity, financial condition or results of operations for the foreseeable future.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. The critical accounting policies we used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are those that are important both to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require significant judgments by management with regard to estimates used. The critical judgments by management relate to accruals for sales incentives and trade promotion allowances, pension and other postretirement benefits, deferred income taxes and potential income tax assessments, and goodwill and other intangible assets. These critical accounting policies have been reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Sales Incentives and Trade Promotion Allowances
Trade promotion programs include introductory marketing funds such as slotting fees, cooperative marketing programs, temporary price reductions and other activities conducted by our customers to promote our products. Rebate and promotion accruals are based on estimates of the quantity of customer sales. Promotion accruals also consider estimates of the number of consumer coupons that will be redeemed and timing and costs of activities within the promotional programs. Generally, the estimated redemption value of consumer coupons and related expense are based on historical patterns of coupon redemption, influenced by judgments about current market conditions such as competitive activity in specific product categories, and the cost is recorded when the related revenue from customers is realized. Our related accounting policies are discussed in Item 8, Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Employee Postretirement Benefits
Substantially all regular employees in the U.S. and the United Kingdom are covered by defined contribution retirement plans and certain U.S. and United Kingdom employees previously earned benefits covered by defined benefit pension plans that currently provide no future service benefit (the "Principal Plans"). Certain other subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans or, in certain countries, termination pay plans covering substantially all regular employees. Our related accounting policies and account balances are discussed in Item 8, Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
Changes in certain assumptions could affect pension expense and the benefit obligations, particularly the estimated long-term rate of return on plan assets and the discount rate used to calculate the obligations:
•Long-term rate of return on plan assets. The expected long-term rate of return is evaluated on an annual basis. In setting these assumptions, we consider a number of factors including projected future returns by asset class relative to the target asset allocation. Actual asset allocations are regularly reviewed and they are periodically rebalanced to the targeted allocations when considered appropriate.
As of December 31, 2022, the Principal Plans had cumulative unrecognized investment and actuarial losses of approximately $1.0 billion. These unrecognized net losses may increase future pension expense if not offset by (i) actual investment returns that exceed the assumed investment returns, (ii) other factors, including reduced pension liabilities arising from higher discount rates used to calculate pension obligations, or (iii) other actuarial gains, and whether such accumulated actuarial losses at each measurement date exceed the "corridor" as required. If the expected long-term rate of return on assets for the Principal Plans were lowered by 0.25 percent, the impact on annual pension expense would not be material in 2023.
•Discount rate. The discount (or settlement) rate used to determine the present value of our future U.S. pension obligation at December 31, 2022 was based on a portfolio of high quality corporate debt securities with cash flows that largely match the expected benefit payments of the plan. For the United Kingdom plan, the discount rate was determined based on yield curves constructed from a portfolio of high quality corporate debt securities. Each year's expected future benefit payments were discounted to their present value at the appropriate yield curve rate to determine the pension obligations. If the discount rate assumptions for these same plans were reduced by 0.25 percent, the increase in annual pension expense would not be material in 2023, and the December 31, 2022 pension liability would increase by about $60.
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•Other assumptions. There are a number of other assumptions involved in the calculation of pension expense and benefit obligations, primarily related to participant demographics and benefit elections.
Pension expense for defined benefit pension plans is estimated to approximate $100 in 2023, including estimated pension settlement charges. Pension expense beyond 2023 will depend on future investment performance, our contributions to the pension trusts, changes in discount rates and various other factors related to the covered participants in the plans.
Substantially all U.S. retirees and employees have access to our unfunded health care and life insurance benefit plans. Changes in significant assumptions could affect the consolidated expense and benefit obligations, particularly the discount rate used to calculate the obligations and the health care cost trend rate:
•Discount rate. The determination of the discount rates used to calculate the benefit obligations of the plans is discussed in the pension benefit section above, and the methodology for each country is the same as the methodology used to determine the discount rate for that country's pension obligation. If the discount rate assumptions for these plans were reduced by 0.25 percent, the impact to 2023 other postretirement benefit expense and the increase in the December 31, 2022 benefit liability would not be material.
•Health care cost trend rate. The health care cost trend rate is based on a combination of inputs including our recent claims history and insights from external advisers regarding recent developments in the health care marketplace, as well as projections of future trends in the marketplace.
Deferred Income Taxes and Potential Assessments
As a global organization, we are subject to income tax requirements in various jurisdictions in the U.S. and internationally. Changes in certain assumptions related to income taxes could significantly affect consolidated results, particularly with regard to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, undistributed earnings of subsidiaries outside the U.S. and uncertain tax positions. Our income tax related accounting policies, account balances and matters affecting income taxes are discussed in Item 8, Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.
•Deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances. We have recorded deferred tax assets related to, among other matters, income tax loss carryforwards, income tax credit carryforwards and capital loss carryforwards and have established valuation allowances against these deferred tax assets. These carryforwards are primarily in non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions and in certain states in the U.S. Foreign tax credits earned in the U.S. in current and prior years, which cannot be used currently, also give rise to net deferred tax assets. In determining the valuation allowances to establish against these deferred tax assets, many factors are considered, including the specific taxing jurisdiction, the carryforward period, income tax strategies and forecasted earnings for the entities in each jurisdiction. A valuation allowance is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
•Undistributed earnings. As of December 31, 2022, we have accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries of approximately $7.4 billion. Earnings of $3.7 billion were previously subject to U.S. federal income tax. Any additional taxes due with respect to such previously-taxed foreign earnings, if repatriated, would generally be limited to foreign and U.S. state income taxes. Deferred taxes have been recorded on $0.7 billion of earnings of foreign consolidated subsidiaries expected to be repatriated. We do not intend to distribute the remaining $3.0 billion of previously-taxed foreign earnings and therefore have not recorded deferred taxes for foreign and U.S. state income taxes on such earnings. We consider any excess of the amount for financial reporting over tax basis in our foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested. The determination of deferred tax liabilities on the amount of financial reporting over tax basis or the $3.0 billion of previously-taxed foreign earnings is not practicable.
•Uncertain tax positions. We record our global tax provision based on the respective tax rules and regulations for the jurisdictions in which we operate. Where we believe that a tax position is supportable for income tax purposes, the item is included in our income tax returns. Where treatment of a position is uncertain, a liability is recorded based upon the expected most likely outcome taking into consideration the technical merits of the position based on specific tax regulations and facts of each matter. These liabilities may be affected by changing interpretations of laws, rulings by tax authorities or the expiration of the statute of limitations.
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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not subject to amortization and are tested for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. Intangible assets that are deemed to have finite lives are amortized over their useful lives, generally ranging from 4 to 20 years. We typically obtain the assistance of third-party valuation specialists to measure the acquisition date fair values of goodwill and other intangible assets acquired.
Events and conditions that could result in impairment include a sustained drop in the market price of our common shares, increased competition or loss of market share, obsolescence, product claims that result in a significant loss of sales or profitability over the product life, deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, or declining financial performance in comparison to projected results.
Our related accounting policies, acquisitions of Thinx and Softex Indonesia, and goodwill and other intangible assets account balances are discussed in Item 8, Notes 1, 3 and 4, respectively, to the consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill
In our evaluation of goodwill impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors such as macroeconomic, industry and competitive conditions, legal and regulatory environments, historical and projected financial performance, significant changes in the reporting unit and the magnitude of excess fair value over carrying amount from the previous quantitative impairment testing. If the result of a qualitative test indicates a potential for impairment, a quantitative test is performed. When a quantitative test is considered necessary, estimates of fair value for goodwill impairment testing are determined based on a discounted cash flow model and a market-based approach. We use inputs from our long-range planning process to determine growth rates for sales and earnings. The other key estimates and factors used in the discounted cash flow include, but are not limited to, discount rates, actual business trends experienced, commodity prices, foreign exchange rates, inflation and terminal growth rates.
For 2022, we completed the required annual assessment of goodwill for impairment for all of our reporting units using a qualitative assessment as of the first day of the third quarter, and we determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill significantly exceeds the carrying amount for each of our reporting units.
Other Intangible Assets
We evaluate the useful lives of our other intangible assets, primarily brands, to determine if they are finite or indefinite-lived. Reaching a determination on useful life requires significant judgments and assumptions regarding the future effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry, known technological advances and expected changes in distribution channels), the level of required maintenance expenditures, and the expected lives of other related groups of assets.
Our estimate of the fair value of our brand assets is based on a discounted cash flow model and a market-based approach using inputs which include projected revenues from our long-range plan, assumed royalty rates that could be payable if we did not own the brands, and a discount rate. The cash flows used in the discounted cash flow model are consistent with those we use in our internal planning, which gives consideration to actual business trends experienced and the long-term business strategy.
We performed our 2022 impairment assessment of our intangible assets as of the first day of the third quarter, and based upon a qualitative assessment, no impairment indicators were found to be present.
New Accounting Standards
See Item 8, Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of recent accounting standards and their anticipated effects on our consolidated financial statements.
Information Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
Certain matters contained in this report concerning the business outlook, including raw material, energy and other input costs, the anticipated cost savings from our FORCE program, cash flow and uses of cash, growth initiatives, innovations, marketing and other spending, net sales, anticipated currency rates and exchange risks, including the impact in Argentina and Turkey, effective tax rate, contingencies and anticipated transactions of Kimberly-Clark, including dividends, share repurchases and pension contributions, constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are based upon management's expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting Kimberly-Clark.
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There can be no assurance that these future events will occur as anticipated or that our results will be as estimated. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update them.
The assumptions used as a basis for the forward-looking statements include many estimates that, among other things, depend on the achievement of future cost savings and projected volume increases. In addition, many factors outside our control, including the war in Ukraine (including the related responses of consumers, customers, and suppliers and sanctions issued by the U.S., the European Union, Russia or other countries), pandemics (including the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and the related responses of governments, consumers, customers, suppliers and employees), epidemics, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, the prices and availability of our raw materials, supply chain disruptions, failure to realize the expected benefits or synergies from our acquisition and disposition activity (including our pending agreement to sell our Neve tissue brand and associated assets in Brazil), changes in customer preferences, severe weather conditions, government trade or similar regulatory actions, potential competitive pressures on selling prices for our products, energy costs, general economic and political conditions globally and in the markets in which we do business, as well as our ability to maintain key customer relationships, could affect the realization of these estimates.
The factors described under Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-K, or in our other SEC filings, among others, could cause our future results to differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Other factors not presently known to us or that we presently consider immaterial could also affect our business operations and financial results.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a multinational enterprise, we are exposed to risks such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. A variety of practices are employed to manage these risks, including operating and financing activities and, where deemed appropriate, the use of derivative instruments. Derivative instruments are used only for risk management purposes and not for speculation. Foreign currency derivative instruments are primarily entered into with major financial institutions. Our credit exposure under these arrangements is limited to agreements with a positive fair value at the reporting date. Credit risk with respect to the counterparties is actively monitored but is not considered significant since these transactions are executed with a diversified group of financial institutions.
Presented below is a description of our risks (foreign currency risk and interest rate risk) together with a sensitivity analysis, performed annually, of each of these risks based on selected changes in market rates and prices. These analyses reflect management's view of changes which are reasonably possible to occur over a one-year period. Also included is a description of our commodity price risk.
Foreign Currency Risk
A portion of our foreign currency risk is managed through the systematic use of foreign currency forward contracts. The use of these instruments supports the management of transactional exposures to exchange rate fluctuations as the gains or losses incurred on the derivative instruments will offset, in whole or in part, gains or losses on the underlying foreign currency exposure. We also utilize cross currency swaps and foreign denominated debt to hedge certain investments in foreign subsidiaries. The gain or loss on these instruments is recognized in other comprehensive income to offset the change in value of the net investments being hedged.
Foreign currency contracts and transactional exposures are sensitive to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. An annual test is performed to quantify the effects that possible changes in foreign currency exchange rates would have on annual operating profit based on our foreign currency contracts and transactional exposures at the current year-end. The balance sheet effect is calculated by multiplying each affiliate's net monetary asset or liability position by a 10 percent change in the foreign currency exchange rate versus the U.S. dollar.
As of December 31, 2022, a 10 percent unfavorable change in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the prevailing market rates of foreign currencies involving balance sheet transactional exposures would not be material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. This hypothetical loss on transactional exposures is based on the difference between the December 31, 2022 rates and the assumed rates.
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Our operations in Argentina ("K-C Argentina") are reported using highly inflationary accounting and their functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Changes in the value of an Argentine peso versus the U.S. dollar applied to our net peso monetary position are recorded in Other (income) and expense, net at the time of the change. As of December 31, 2022, K-C Argentina had a small net peso monetary position and a 10 percent unfavorable change in the exchange rate would not be material.
As of April 1, 2022, we elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting for our operations in Turkey (“K-C Turkey”), and their functional currency is also the U.S. dollar. Changes in the value of a Turkish lira versus the U.S. dollar applied to our net lira monetary position are recorded in Other (income) and expense, net at the time of the change. As of December 31, 2022, K-C Turkey had a small net lira monetary position and a 10 percent unfavorable change in the exchange rate would not be material.
The translation of the balance sheets of non-U.S. operations from local currencies into U.S. dollars is also sensitive to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Consequently, an annual test is performed to determine if changes in currency exchange rates would have a significant effect on the translation of the balance sheets of non-U.S. operations into U.S. dollars. These translation gains or losses are recorded as unrealized translation adjustments ("UTA") within stockholders' equity. The hypothetical change in UTA is calculated by multiplying the net assets of these non-U.S. operations by a 10 percent change in the currency exchange rates. As of December 31, 2022, a 10 percent unfavorable change in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the prevailing market rates of our foreign currency translation exposures would have reduced stockholders' equity by approximately $650. In the view of management, the above potential UTA adjustments resulting from these assumed changes in foreign currency exchange rates are not material to our consolidated financial position because they would not affect our cash flow.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is managed through the maintenance of a portfolio of variable and fixed-rate debt composed of short and long-term instruments. The objective is to maintain a cost-effective mix that management deems appropriate. At December 31, 2022, the long-term debt portfolio was comprised of primarily fixed-rate debt. From time to time, we also hedge the anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt and those contracts are designated as cash flow hedges.
In order to determine the impact of changes in interest rates on our financial position or future results of operations, we calculated the increase or decrease in the market value of fixed-rate debt using a 10 percent change in current market interest rates and the rates governing these instruments. At December 31, 2022, a 10 percent decrease in interest rates would have increased the fair value of fixed-rate debt by about $338, which would not have a significant impact on our financial statements as we do not record debt at fair value.
Commodity Price Risk
We are subject to commodity price risk, the most significant of which relates to the price of pulp and petroleum-based materials. Selling prices of products are influenced, in part, by the market price for these pulp and petroleum-based materials. As previously discussed under Item 1A, "Risk Factors," increases in pulp or petroleum-based material prices could adversely affect earnings if selling prices are not adjusted or if such adjustments significantly trail the increases in commodity prices. In some instances, we use contracts of varying durations along with strategic pricing mechanisms to manage volatility for a portion of our commodity costs, but derivative instruments have not been used to manage these risks.
Our energy, manufacturing and transportation costs are affected by various market factors including the availability of supplies of particular forms of energy, energy prices and local and national regulatory decisions. As previously discussed under Item 1A, "Risk Factors," there can be no assurance we will be fully protected against substantial changes in the price or availability of energy sources. In addition, we are subject to price risk for utilities and manufacturing inputs, used in our manufacturing operations. Derivative instruments are used in accordance with our risk management policy to hedge a portion of the price risk.
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ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
| Year Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars, except per share amounts) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 20,175 | $ | 19,440 | $ | 19,140 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | 13,956 | 13,452 | 12,318 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | 6,219 | 5,988 | 6,822 | |||||||||||||||||
| Marketing, research and general expenses | 3,581 | 3,399 | 3,632 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) and expense, net | (43) | 28 | (54) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Profit | 2,681 | 2,561 | 3,244 | |||||||||||||||||
| Nonoperating expense | (73) | (86) | (70) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 14 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (282) | (256) | (252) | |||||||||||||||||
Income Before Income Taxes and Equity Interests | 2,340 | 2,225 | 2,930 | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (495) | (479) | (676) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income Before Equity Interests | 1,845 | 1,746 | 2,254 | |||||||||||||||||
| Share of net income of equity companies | 116 | 98 | 142 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | 1,961 | 1,844 | 2,396 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (27) | (30) | (44) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Kimberly-Clark Corporation | $ | 1,934 | $ | 1,814 | $ | 2,352 | ||||||||||||||
| Per Share Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net Income Attributable to Kimberly-Clark Corporation | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 5.73 | $ | 5.38 | $ | 6.90 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 5.72 | $ | 5.35 | $ | 6.87 | ||||||||||||||
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| Year Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | $ | 1,961 | $ | 1,844 | $ | 2,396 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized currency translation adjustments | (355) | (288) | 129 | |||||||||||||||||
| Employee postretirement benefits | 103 | 122 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedges and other | (185) | 84 | (34) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax | (437) | (82) | 132 | |||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Income | 1,524 | 1,762 | 2,528 | |||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (19) | (15) | (55) | |||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Income Attributable to Kimberly-Clark Corporation | $ | 1,505 | $ | 1,747 | $ | 2,473 | ||||||||||||||
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31 | ||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 427 | $ | 270 | ||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 2,280 | 2,207 | ||||||||||||
| Inventories | 2,269 | 2,239 | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets | 753 | 849 | ||||||||||||
| Total Current Assets | 5,729 | 5,565 | ||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | 7,885 | 8,097 | ||||||||||||
| Investments in Equity Companies | 238 | 290 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 2,074 | 1,840 | ||||||||||||
| Other Intangible Assets, Net | 851 | 810 | ||||||||||||
| Other Assets | 1,193 | 1,235 | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 17,970 | $ | 17,837 | ||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Debt payable within one year | $ | 844 | $ | 433 | ||||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | 3,813 | 3,840 | ||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 2,289 | 2,096 | ||||||||||||
| Dividends payable | 388 | 380 | ||||||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 7,334 | 6,749 | ||||||||||||
| Long-Term Debt | 7,578 | 8,141 | ||||||||||||
| Noncurrent Employee Benefits | 654 | 809 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred Income Taxes | 647 | 694 | ||||||||||||
| Other Liabilities | 799 | 681 | ||||||||||||
| Redeemable Common and Preferred Securities of Subsidiaries | 258 | 26 | ||||||||||||
| Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||
| Kimberly-Clark Corporation | ||||||||||||||
Preferred stock - no par value - authorized 20.0 million shares, none issued | — | — | ||||||||||||
Common stock - $1.25 par value - authorized 1.2 billion shares; issued 378.6 million shares at December 31, 2022 and 2021 | 473 | 473 | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 679 | 605 | ||||||||||||
Common stock held in treasury, at cost - 41.1 and 41.8 million shares at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively | (5,137) | (5,183) | ||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | 8,201 | 7,858 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (3,669) | (3,239) | ||||||||||||
| Total Kimberly-Clark Corporation Stockholders' Equity | 547 | 514 | ||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling Interests | 153 | 223 | ||||||||||||
| Total Stockholders' Equity | 700 | 737 | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 17,970 | $ | 17,837 | ||||||||||
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
| (Millions of dollars, shares in thousands, except per share amounts) | Common Stock Issued | Additional Paid-in Capital | Treasury Stock | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interests | Total Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | 378,597 | $ | 473 | $ | 556 | 37,149 | $ | (4,454) | $ | 6,686 | $ | (3,294) | $ | 227 | $ | 194 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income in stockholders' equity, excludes redeemable interests' share | — | — | — | — | — | 2,352 | — | 41 | 2,393 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax, excludes redeemable interests' share | — | — | — | — | — | — | 121 | 12 | 133 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based awards exercised or vested | — | — | (55) | (2,339) | 271 | — | — | — | 216 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares repurchased | — | — | — | 5,063 | (716) | — | — | — | (716) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognition of stock-based compensation | — | — | 142 | — | — | — | — | — | 142 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($4.28 per share) | — | — | — | — | — | (1,458) | — | (36) | (1,494) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 14 | — | — | (13) | 1 | (1) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 378,597 | 473 | 657 | 39,873 | (4,899) | 7,567 | (3,172) | 243 | 869 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income in stockholders' equity, excludes redeemable interests' share | — | — | — | — | — | 1,814 | — | 29 | 1,843 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax, excludes redeemable interests' share | — | — | — | — | — | — | (67) | (14) | (81) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based awards exercised or vested | — | — | (80) | (1,339) | 146 | — | — | — | 66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares repurchased | — | — | — | 3,228 | (430) | — | — | — | (430) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognition of stock-based compensation | — | — | 26 | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($4.56 per share) | — | — | — | — | — | (1,538) | — | (36) | (1,574) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 2 | — | — | 15 | — | 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | 378,597 | 473 | 605 | 41,762 | (5,183) | 7,858 | (3,239) | 223 | 737 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income in stockholders' equity, excludes redeemable interests' share | — | — | — | — | — | 1,934 | — | 38 | 1,972 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax, excludes redeemable interests' share | — | — | — | — | — | — | (429) | (9) | (438) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based awards exercised or vested | — | — | (86) | (1,406) | 145 | — | — | — | 59 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares repurchased | — | — | — | 779 | (100) | — | — | — | (100) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognition of stock-based compensation | — | — | 147 | — | — | — | — | — | 147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared ($4.64 per share) | — | — | — | — | — | (1,566) | — | (98) | (1,664) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 13 | — | 1 | (25) | (1) | (1) | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | 378,597 | $ | 473 | $ | 679 | 41,135 | $ | (5,137) | $ | 8,201 | $ | (3,669) | $ | 153 | $ | 700 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENTS
| Year Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 1,961 | $ | 1,844 | $ | 2,396 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 754 | 766 | 796 | |||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments | — | 3 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gain on previously held equity investment in Thinx | (85) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 150 | 26 | 147 | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | (57) | (70) | 45 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net (gains) losses on asset dispositions | 15 | 39 | 68 | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity companies' earnings (in excess of) less than dividends paid | 6 | 25 | (30) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating working capital | (17) | 46 | 363 | |||||||||||||||||
| Postretirement benefits | (4) | 47 | (28) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | 10 | 4 | (45) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Provided by Operations | 2,733 | 2,730 | 3,729 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investing Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital spending | (876) | (1,007) | (1,217) | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired | (46) | — | (1,083) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from dispositions of property | 12 | 43 | 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments in time deposits | (658) | (918) | (753) | |||||||||||||||||
| Maturities of time deposits | 797 | 836 | 690 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | (14) | (10) | 27 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Used for Investing | (785) | (1,056) | (2,305) | |||||||||||||||||
| Financing Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends paid | (1,558) | (1,516) | (1,451) | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in short-term debt | 261 | (97) | (561) | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt proceeds | — | 605 | 1,845 | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt repayments | (312) | (269) | (854) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 94 | 65 | 217 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions of common stock for the treasury | (100) | (400) | (700) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | (98) | (36) | (37) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | (47) | (48) | (26) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Used for Financing | (1,760) | (1,696) | (1,567) | |||||||||||||||||
| Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents | (31) | (11) | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 157 | (33) | (139) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents - Beginning of Year | 270 | 303 | 442 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents - End of Year | $ | 427 | $ | 270 | $ | 303 | ||||||||||||||
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements present the accounts of Kimberly-Clark Corporation and all subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest as if they were a single economic entity in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated in consolidation. The terms "Corporation," "Kimberly-Clark," "we," "our," and "us" refer to Kimberly-Clark Corporation and all subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest. Dollar amounts are reported in millions, except per share dollar amounts, unless otherwise noted.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and changes in these estimates are recorded when known. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other things, sales incentives and trade promotion allowances, employee postretirement benefits, and deferred income taxes and potential assessments.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are short-term investments with an original maturity date of three months or less.
Inventories and Distribution Costs
Most U.S. inventories are valued at the lower of cost, using the Last-In, First-Out ("LIFO") method, or market. The balance of the U.S. inventories and inventories of consolidated operations outside the U.S. are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using either the First-In, First-Out ("FIFO") or weighted-average cost methods. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Distribution costs are classified as cost of products sold.
Property and Depreciation
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated on the straight-line method. Buildings are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, primarily 40 years. Machinery and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, primarily ranging from 16 to 20 years. Purchases of computer software, including external costs and certain internal costs (including payroll and payroll-related costs of employees) directly associated with developing significant computer software applications for internal use, are capitalized. Computer software costs are amortized on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, which generally does not exceed 5 years.
Estimated useful lives are periodically reviewed and, when warranted, changes are made to them. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be indicated when estimated undiscounted future cash flows from the use and eventual disposition of an asset group, which are identifiable and largely independent of the cash flows of other asset groups, are less than the carrying amount of the asset group. Measurement of an impairment loss would be based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset group over its fair value. Fair value is measured using discounted cash flows or independent appraisals, as appropriate. When property is sold or retired, the cost of the property and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheet and any gain or loss on the transaction is included in income.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is assessed for impairment annually and whenever events and circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. Impairment testing compares the reporting unit carrying amount, including goodwill, with its fair value. If the reporting unit carrying amount, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge for the excess amount above fair value would be recorded. In our evaluation of goodwill impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors such as macroeconomic, industry and competitive conditions, legal and regulatory environments, historical and
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projected financial performance, significant changes in the reporting unit and the magnitude of excess fair value over carrying amount from the previous quantitative impairment testing. If the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative impairment test using discounted cash flows to estimate fair value must be performed. Alternatively, if the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is more than its carrying value, then further quantitative testing is not required. For 2022, we completed the required annual assessment of goodwill for impairment for all of our reporting units using a qualitative assessment as of the first day of the third quarter, and we determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill significantly exceeds the carrying amount for each of our reporting units.
Indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, consist of certain brand names related to our acquisition of Softex Indonesia and are tested for impairment annually at the same time as our goodwill impairment assessment and whenever events and circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. Our estimate of the fair value of our brand assets is based on a discounted cash flow model and a market-based approach using inputs which include projected revenues from our long-range plan, assumed royalty rates that could be payable if we did not own the brands, and a discount rate. For 2022, we completed the required annual assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, for impairment using a qualitative assessment as of the first day of the third quarter, and we determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than the carrying amount for each of these intangible assets.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be indicated when estimated undiscounted future cash flows from the use of the asset are less than its carrying amount. An impairment loss would be measured as the difference between the fair value (based on discounted future cash flows) and the carrying amount of the asset. Estimated useful lives range from 10 to 20 years for trademarks and 4 to 20 years for certain acquired distributor and customer relationships.
Investments in Equity Companies
Investments in companies which we do not control but over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence and that, in general, are at least 20 percent-owned by us, are stated at cost plus equity in undistributed net income. These investments are evaluated for impairment when warranted. An impairment loss would be recorded whenever a decline in value of an equity investment below its carrying amount is determined to be other than temporary. In judging "other than temporary," we would consider the length of time and extent to which the fair value of the equity company investment has been less than the carrying amount, the near-term and longer-term operating and financial prospects of the equity company, and our longer-term intent of retaining the investment in the equity company.
Revenue Recognition
Sales revenue is recognized at the time of product shipment or delivery, depending on when control passes, to unaffiliated customers, and when all of the following have occurred: a firm sales agreement is in place, pricing is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Sales are reported net of returns, consumer and trade promotions, rebates and freight allowed. Taxes imposed by governmental authorities on our revenue-producing activities with customers, such as sales taxes and value-added taxes, are excluded from net sales.
Sales Incentives and Trade Promotion Allowances
The cost of promotion activities provided to customers is classified as a reduction in sales revenue. In addition, the estimated redemption value of consumer coupons and related expense are recorded when the related revenue from customers is realized. Rebate and promotion accruals are based on estimates of the quantity of customer sales. Promotion accruals also consider estimates of the number of consumer coupons that will be redeemed and timing and costs of activities within the promotional programs.
Advertising Expense
Advertising costs are expensed in the year the related advertisement or campaign is first presented through traditional or digital media. For interim reporting purposes, advertising expenses are charged to operations as a percentage of sales based on estimated sales and related advertising expense for the full year.
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Research Expense
Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Other Income
Certain amounts not directly associated with the current operations of the business are recorded in Other (income) and expense, net. In the first quarter of 2022, an $85 non-recurring, non-cash gain was recognized in Other (income) expense, net as a result of the remeasurement of the carrying value of our previously held equity investment to fair value upon the acquisition of a controlling interest in Thinx Inc. ("Thinx"). See Note 3 for details on the acquisition of Thinx.
In the fourth quarter of 2020, we received a favorable legal ruling that resolved certain matters related to prior years’ business taxes in Brazil. These matters involved the revenue base, which included value added taxes, used to calculate and pay social security taxes for the period 2004 to 2014. In the legal ruling, the São Paulo State Court recognized our right to exclude the value added taxes from the revenue base used to calculate those social security taxes. This decision resulted in business tax credits being recognized of $77.
Foreign Currency Translation
The income statements of foreign operations, other than those in highly inflationary economies, are translated into U.S. dollars at rates of exchange in effect each month. The balance sheets of these operations are translated at period-end exchange rates, and the differences from historical exchange rates are reflected in stockholders' equity as unrealized translation adjustments. Under highly inflationary accounting, the countries' functional currency becomes the U.S. dollar, and its income statement and balance sheet are measured in U.S. dollar using both current and historical rates of exchange.
As of July 1, 2018, we elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting for our subsidiaries in Argentina (“K-C Argentina”). The effect of changes in exchange rates on peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities has been reflected in earnings in Other (income) and expense, net and was not material. As of December 31, 2022, K-C Argentina had a small net peso monetary position. Net sales of K-C Argentina were approximately 1 percent of our consolidated net sales in 2022, 2021 and 2020.
As of April 1, 2022, we elected to adopt highly inflationary accounting for our subsidiary in Turkey (“K-C Turkey”). The effect of changes in exchange rates on lira-denominated monetary assets and liabilities has been reflected in earnings in Other (income) and expense, net and was not material. As of December 31, 2022, K-C Turkey had a small net lira monetary position. Net sales of K-C Turkey were less than 1 percent of our consolidated net sales.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Our policies allow the use of derivatives for risk management purposes and prohibit their use for speculation. Our policies also prohibit the use of any leveraged derivative instrument. Consistent with our policies, foreign currency derivative instruments, interest rate swaps and locks, and the majority of commodity hedging contracts are entered into with major financial institutions. At inception, we formally designate certain derivatives as cash flow, fair value or net investment hedges and establish how the effectiveness of these hedges will be assessed and measured. This process links the derivatives to the transactions or financial balances they are hedging. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in earnings as they occur. All derivative instruments are recorded as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are either recorded in the income statement or other comprehensive income, as appropriate. The gain or loss on derivatives designated as fair value hedges and the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are included in income in the period that changes in fair value occur. The gain or loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges is included in other comprehensive income in the period that changes in fair value occur, and is reclassified to income in the same period that the hedged item affects income. The gain or loss on derivatives designated as hedges of investments in foreign subsidiaries is recognized in other comprehensive income to offset the change in value of the net investments being hedged. Certain foreign-currency derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments have been entered into to manage certain non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The gain or loss on these derivatives is included in income in the period that changes in their fair values occur. Cash flows from derivatives are classified within the consolidated statement of cash flows in the same category as the items being hedged. Cash flows from derivatives are classified within Operating Activities, except for derivatives designated as net investment hedges which are classified in Investing Activities. See Note 12 for disclosures about derivative instruments and hedging activities.
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Leases
Lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement of an arrangement where it is determined at inception that a lease exists. Lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. These assets and liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term calculated using our incremental borrowing rate generally applicable to the location of the lease asset, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Lease assets also include any upfront lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that those options will be exercised.
Variable lease payments are generally expensed as incurred and include certain index-based changes in rent, certain nonlease components, such as maintenance and other services provided by the lessor, and other charges included in the lease. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the expense for these short-term leases and for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Certain lease agreements with lease and nonlease components are combined as a single lease component. The depreciable life of lease assets and leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise.
Accounting Standard Issued - Not Adopted as of December 31, 2022
In 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2022-04, Liabilities – Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50). The new guidance requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. We adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. As the guidance requires only additional disclosures, the effects of this standard on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows were not material.
Note 2. 2018 Global Restructuring Program
In 2018, we initiated our 2018 Global Restructuring Program to reduce our structural cost base by streamlining and simplifying our manufacturing supply chain and overhead organization. The restructuring actions were completed in 2021. We closed or sold 11 manufacturing facilities and expanded production capacity at several others. We exited or divested some lower-margin businesses that generated approximately 1 percent of our net sales. Workforce reductions were approximately 6,000. The restructuring impacted all of our business segments and our organizations in all major geographies.
The restructuring actions were completed with total costs of $2.2 billion pre-tax ($1.6 billion after tax). Pre-tax cash and non-cash costs of $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, were incurred.
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The following net charges were incurred in connection with the 2018 Global Restructuring Program:
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of products sold: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charges for workforce reductions | $ | 4 | $ | 10 | $ | 31 | $ | 149 | $ | 194 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments | 3 | 17 | — | 74 | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset write-offs | 17 | 63 | 54 | 112 | 246 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incremental depreciation | 18 | 94 | 235 | 172 | 519 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other exit costs | 112 | 99 | 96 | 34 | 341 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 154 | 283 | 416 | 541 | 1,394 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing, research and general expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charges for workforce reductions | 39 | 13 | (12) | 243 | 283 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other exit costs | 72 | 96 | 111 | 137 | 416 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 111 | 109 | 99 | 380 | 699 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) and expense, net(a) | 10 | (9) | (194) | (12) | (205) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nonoperating expense(b) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total charges | 354 | 419 | 366 | 1,036 | 2,175 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (75) | (94) | (118) | (243) | (530) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net charges | 279 | 325 | 248 | 793 | 1,645 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net impact related to equity companies and noncontrolling interests | 2 | (2) | — | (10) | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net charges attributable to Kimberly-Clark Corporation | $ | 281 | $ | 323 | $ | 248 | $ | 783 | $ | 1,635 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)Other (income) and expense, net in 2019 was the result of pre-tax gains on the sales of manufacturing facilities and associated real estate which were disposed of as part of the restructuring.
(b)Represents non-cash pension settlement and curtailment charges resulting from restructuring actions, primarily in the U.S., United Kingdom and Canada.
The measurement of the asset impairment charges was based on the excess of the carrying values of the impacted asset groups over their fair values. These fair values were measured by using discounted cash flows expected over the limited time the assets would remain in use or the expected sales value, and as a result, the assets were essentially written off or written down to fair value less costs to sell. The use of discounted cash flows represents a level 3 measure under the fair value hierarchy.
The following summarizes the restructuring liabilities activity:
| 2021 | ||||||||
| Restructuring liabilities at January 1 | $ | 93 | ||||||
| Charges for workforce reductions and other cash exit costs | 222 | |||||||
| Cash payments | (235) | |||||||
| Currency and other | (2) | |||||||
| Restructuring liabilities at December 31 | $ | 78 | ||||||
As of December 31, 2022, remaining restructuring liabilities were not material. As of December 31, 2021, restructuring liabilities of $75 were recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $3 were recorded in Other Liabilities. The impact related to restructuring charges was recorded in Operating working capital and Other Operating Activities, as appropriate, in our consolidated cash flow statement. Cash payments of $249, $302 and $325 were made during 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
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Note 3. Acquisitions
2022 Thinx Acquisition
On February 24, 2022, we completed our acquisition of a majority and controlling share of Thinx, an industry leader in the reusable period and incontinence underwear category, for total consideration of $181 consisting of cash of $53, the fair value of our previously held equity investment of $127, and certain share-based award costs of $1.
We previously accounted for our ownership interest in Thinx as an equity method investment, but upon increasing our ownership to 58%, we began consolidating the operations of Thinx into our financial statements at the end of the first quarter of 2022. The consolidated results of operations for Thinx are reported in our Personal Care business segment on a one-month lag. The share of Thinx net income and equity attributable to the third-party minority owner of Thinx is classified in our consolidated income statement within Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and in our consolidated balance sheet within Redeemable Common and Preferred Securities of Subsidiaries. This noncontrolling equity interest is measured at the estimated redemption value, which approximates fair value.
We have substantially completed an initial purchase price allocation in which we utilized several generally accepted valuation methodologies to estimate the fair value of certain acquired assets. The primary valuation methods included two forms of the Income Approach (i.e., the multi-period excess earnings method [distributor method] and the relief-from-royalty method). These valuation methodologies are commonly used to value similar identifiable intangible assets in the Consumer Packaged Goods industry. All of the selected valuation methodologies incorporate unobservable inputs, or Level 3 inputs, as defined by the fair value hierarchy in Accounting Standard Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements. In connection with these valuation methodologies, we are required to make estimates and assumptions regarding market comparable companies, revenue growth rates, operating margins, distributor and customer attrition rates, royalty rates, distributor margins, discount rates, etc., which are primarily based on cash flow forecasts, business plans, economic projections and other information available to market participants.
The total purchase price consideration was allocated to the net assets acquired based upon their respective estimated fair values as follows:
| Current assets | $ | 28 | ||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | 2 | |||||||
| Goodwill | 297 | |||||||
| Other Intangible Assets, Net | 123 | |||||||
| Other assets | 4 | |||||||
| Current liabilities | (17) | |||||||
| Deferred income taxes | (18) | |||||||
| Other liabilities | (4) | |||||||
| Fair value of net assets acquired | 415 | |||||||
| Less fair value of noncontrolling interest | (234) | |||||||
| Total purchase price consideration | $ | 181 | ||||||
Other Intangible Assets, Net includes brands and customer relationships which have estimated useful lives of 4 to 15 years, primarily 15 years. Based on the carrying value of these finite-lived assets as of December 31, 2022, amortization expense per year for each of the next five years is estimated to be approximately $8.
Goodwill of $297 was allocated to the Personal Care business segment. The goodwill is primarily attributable to future growth opportunities and any intangible assets that did not qualify for separate recognition. For tax purposes, the acquisition of additional Thinx shares was treated as a stock acquisition, and the goodwill acquired is not tax deductible.
The preliminary estimates of the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are subject to revisions, which may result in adjustments to the preliminary values discussed above. We continue to evaluate potential contingencies that may have existed as of the acquisition date and expect to finalize the purchase price allocation no later than the first quarter of 2023.
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As a result of this transaction during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, an $85 non-recurring, non-cash gain was recognized in Other (income) expense, net as a result of the remeasurement of the carrying value of our previously held equity investment to fair value, and related transaction and integration costs of $21 were recorded in Marketing, research and general expenses. This recognition resulted in a net benefit of $64 pre-tax ($68 after tax) being included in our consolidated income statement for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. In addition, we removed the non-cash gain impact from Operating Activities in our consolidated cash flow statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Pro forma results of operations have not been presented as the impact on our consolidated financial statements is not material.
2020 Softex Indonesia Acquisition
On October 1, 2020 (“Acquisition Date”), we acquired Softex Indonesia, a leader in the fast-growing Indonesian personal care market, in an all-cash transaction for approximately $1.2 billion. This transaction significantly expands our presence in an important developing and emerging market and is a strong strategic fit with our core business. The transaction price, subject to working capital and net debt adjustments, resulted in a final purchase price of $1.1 billion in addition to the assumption of certain indebtedness of Softex Indonesia at closing. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded transaction and integration costs of $32 in Marketing, research and general expenses.
During the fourth quarter of 2020, we substantially completed and recorded an initial purchase price allocation, in which we utilized several generally accepted valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of certain acquired assets. The primary valuation methods included the replacement cost approach, sales comparison approach, discounted cash flow, multi-period excess earnings, relief from royalty and distributor methods. The purchase price allocation was finalized by October 2021 and included an immaterial amount of recorded measurement period adjustments. The measurement period adjustments to the initial allocation were based on more detailed information obtained about the specific assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Acquisition Date.
Goodwill of $404 was allocated to the Personal Care business segment. The goodwill is primarily attributable to future growth opportunities and any intangible assets that did not qualify for separate recognition. While the goodwill is not deductible for local tax purposes, it is treated as an amortizable expense for the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") computation.
The consolidated results of operations for Softex Indonesia are reported primarily in our Personal Care business segment on a one-month lag.
Note 4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
| Personal Care | Consumer Tissue | K-C Professional | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 984 | $ | 519 | $ | 392 | $ | 1,895 | |||||||||||||||
| Acquisition | 14 | — | — | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign currency translation | (37) | (25) | (7) | (69) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 961 | 494 | 385 | 1,840 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition | 304 | — | — | 304 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign currency translation | (60) | (6) | (4) | (70) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 1,205 | $ | 488 | $ | 381 | $ | 2,074 | |||||||||||||||
The changes in the carrying amount of Other Intangible Assets, Net for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
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| December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Carrying Amount(b) | Accumulated Amortization(b) | Net Carrying Amount | Gross Carrying Amount(b) | Accumulated Amortization(b) | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets with indefinite lives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brand names | $ | 610 | $ | — | $ | 610 | $ | 666 | $ | — | $ | 666 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangibles assets with finite lives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trademarks and brand names | 253 | (91) | 162 | 140 | (82) | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other intangible assets(a) | 98 | (19) | 79 | 103 | (17) | 86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets with finite lives | 351 | (110) | 241 | 243 | (99) | 144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 961 | $ | (110) | $ | 851 | $ | 909 | $ | (99) | $ | 810 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Other intangible assets primarily include customer and distributor relationships.
(b) Amounts subject to foreign currency adjustments.
Amortization expense relating to the intangible assets with finite lives was $15, $9 and $2 for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Based on the carrying values of the intangible assets with finite lives as of December 31, 2022, amortization expense for each of the next five years is estimated to be approximately $17.
Note 5. Fair Value Information
The following fair value information is based on a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels in the hierarchy used to measure fair value are:
Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets accessible at the reporting date for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2—Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. Quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not considered active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3—Prices or valuations that require inputs that are significant to the valuation and are unobservable.
A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
During 2022 and 2021, there were no significant transfers to or from level 3 fair value determinations.
Derivative assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis at fair value. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, derivative assets were $99 and $65, respectively, and derivative liabilities were $318 and $41, respectively. The fair values of derivatives used to manage interest rate risk and commodity price risk are based on LIBOR rates and interest rate swap curves and commodity price quotations, respectively. The fair values of hedging instruments used to manage foreign currency risk are based on published quotations of spot currency rates and forward points, which are converted into implied forward currency rates. Measurement of our derivative assets and liabilities is considered a level 2 measurement. See Note 12 for additional information on our use of derivative instruments.
Redeemable common and preferred securities of subsidiaries are measured on a recurring basis at their estimated redemption values, which approximates fair value. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the securities were valued at $258 and $26 respectively. No redeemable common securities were outstanding at December 31, 2021. The securities are not traded in active markets, and their measurement is considered a level 3 measurement.
Company-owned life insurance ("COLI") assets are measured on a recurring basis at fair value. COLI assets were $63 and $72 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The COLI policies are a source of funding primarily for our nonqualified employee benefits and are included in other assets. The COLI policies are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient, and therefore, are not classified in the fair value hierarchy.
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The following table includes the fair value of our financial instruments for which disclosure of fair value is required:
Fair Value Hierarchy Level | Carrying Amount | Estimated Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents(a) | 1 | $ | 427 | $ | 427 | $ | 270 | $ | 270 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Time deposits(b) | 1 | 268 | 268 | 416 | 416 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term debt(c) | 2 | 373 | 373 | 118 | 118 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(d) | 2 | 8,049 | 7,403 | 8,456 | 9,492 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Cash equivalents are composed of certificates of deposit, time deposits and other interest-bearing investments with original maturity dates of 90 days or less. Cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.
(b)Time deposits are composed of deposits with original maturities of more than 90 days but less than one year and instruments with original maturities of greater than one year, included in Other current assets or Other Assets in the consolidated balance sheet, as appropriate. Time deposits are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.
(c)Short-term debt is composed of U.S. commercial paper and/or other similar short-term debt issued by non-U.S. subsidiaries, all of which are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.
(d)Long-term debt includes the current portion of these debt instruments. Fair values were estimated based on quoted prices for financial instruments for which all significant inputs were observable, either directly or indirectly.
Note 6. Debt and Redeemable Common and Preferred Securities of Subsidiaries
Long-term debt is composed of the following:
| Weighted- Average Interest Rate | Maturities | December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes and debentures | 3.3% | 2023 - 2050 | $ | 7,825 | $ | 8,198 | |||||||||||||||||
| Industrial development revenue bonds | 4.6% | 2023 - 2045 | 169 | 169 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans and other financings in various currencies | 2.5% | 2023 - 2051 | 55 | 89 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | 8,049 | 8,456 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less current portion | 471 | 315 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term portion | $ | 7,578 | $ | 8,141 | |||||||||||||||||||
Scheduled maturities of long-term debt for the next five years are $472 in 2023, $524 in 2024, $550 in 2025, $396 in 2026 and $595 in 2027.
In October 2021, we issued $600 aggregate principal amount of 2.00% notes due November 2, 2031. Proceeds from the offering were used for general corporate purposes.
We maintain a $2.0 billion revolving credit facility which expires in June 2026 and a $775 revolving credit facility which expires in June 2023. These facilities, currently unused, support our commercial paper program, and would provide liquidity in the event our access to the commercial paper markets is unavailable for any reason.
Outstanding redeemable common securities represent the share of Thinx equity attributable to the third-party minority owner of Thinx. Our subsidiary in Central America has outstanding redeemable preferred securities that are held by a non-controlling interest.
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Note 7. Stock-Based Compensation
We have a stock-based Equity Participation Plan and an Outside Directors' Compensation Plan (the "Plans"), under which we can grant stock options, restricted shares and restricted share units to employees and outside directors. As of December 31, 2022, the number of shares of common stock available for grants under the Plans aggregated 9.5 million shares.
Stock options are granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, and they have a term of 10 years. Stock options are subject to graded vesting whereby options vest 30 percent at the end of each of the first two 12-month periods following the grant and 40 percent at the end of the third 12-month period.
Time-vested restricted share unit grants starting in 2022 are valued at the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date and are generally subject to a graded vesting whereby shares vest 30 percent at the end of each of the first two 12-month periods following the grant and 40 percent at the end of the third 12-month period. Time-vested restricted share unit grants issued prior to 2022 or issued for special one-time awards, restricted shares units and performance-based restricted share units granted to employees are valued at the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date and vest generally at the end of three years. The number of performance-based share units that ultimately vest ranges from zero to 200 percent of the number granted based on performance. Beginning in 2021, performance metrics are tied to modified free cash flow and organic sales growth during the three-year performance period. Modified free cash flow and organic sales growth are set at the beginning of the performance period. Performance-based share units granted prior to 2021 are structured similarly but vest on performance tied to return on invested capital ("ROIC") and net sales. Restricted share units granted to outside directors are valued at the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date and vest when they are granted. The restricted period begins on the date of grant and expires on the date the outside director retires from or otherwise terminates service on our Board.
At the time stock options are exercised or restricted shares and restricted share units become payable, common stock is issued from our accumulated treasury shares. Dividend equivalents are credited on restricted share units on the same date and at the same rate as dividends are paid on Kimberly-Clark's common stock. These dividend equivalents, net of estimated forfeitures, are charged to retained earnings.
Stock-based compensation costs of $150, $26 and $147 and related deferred income tax benefits of $33, $7 and $32 were recognized for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The fair value of stock option awards was determined using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model utilizing a range of assumptions related to dividend yield, volatility, risk-free interest rate, and employee exercise behavior. Dividend yield is based on historical experience and expected future dividend actions. Expected volatility is based on a blend of historical volatility and implied volatility from traded options on Kimberly-Clark's common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. We estimate forfeitures based on historical data.
The weighted-average fair value of options granted was estimated at $21.28, $10.26 and $15.92, in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, per option on the date of grant based on the following assumptions:
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Dividend yield | 3.3 | % | 3.9 | % | 3.3 | % | |||||||||||
| Volatility | 22.1 | % | 17.4 | % | 21.9 | % | |||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 2.8 | % | 0.8 | % | 0.3 | % | |||||||||||
| Expected life - years | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | ||||||||||||||
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Total remaining unrecognized compensation costs and amortization period are as follows:
| December 31, 2022 | Weighted-Average Service Years | ||||||||||
| Stock options | $ | 10 | 0.6 | ||||||||
| Restricted shares and time-vested restricted share units | 51 | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Performance-based restricted share units | 31 | 1.6 | |||||||||
A summary of stock-based compensation is presented below:
| Stock Options | Shares (in thousands) | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at January 1, 2022 | 5,596 | $ | 126.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 655 | 116.28 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | (842) | 113.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited or expired | (292) | 127.70 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2022 | 5,117 | 126.81 | 5.73 | $ | 52 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at December 31, 2022 | 3,658 | 125.03 | 4.74 | $ | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $21, $16 and $62, respectively.
| Time-Vested Restricted Share Units | Performance-Based Restricted Share Units | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Stock-Based Awards | Shares (in thousands) | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value | Shares (in thousands) | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| Nonvested at January 1, 2022 | 393 | $ | 131.85 | 1,410 | $ | 131.03 | |||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 718 | 131.37 | 517 | 133.24 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (172) | 131.00 | (672) | 124.43 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (94) | 137.25 | (152) | 134.60 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Nonvested at December 31, 2022 | 845 | 134.81 | 1,103 | 138.96 | |||||||||||||||||||
The total fair value of restricted share units that were distributed to participants during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $118, $100 and $62, respectively.
Note 8. Employee Postretirement Benefits
Substantially all regular employees in the U.S. and the United Kingdom are covered by defined contribution retirement plans and certain U.S. and United Kingdom employees previously earned benefits covered by defined benefit pension plans that currently provide no future service benefit (the "Principal Plans"). Certain other subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans or, in certain countries, termination pay plans covering substantially all regular employees. The funding policy for our qualified defined benefit pension plans is to contribute assets at least equal in amount to regulatory minimum requirements. Nonqualified U.S. plans providing pension benefits in excess of limitations imposed by the U.S. income tax code are not funded.
Substantially all U.S. retirees and employees have access to our unfunded health care and life insurance benefit plans. The annual increase in the consolidated weighted-average health care cost trend rate is expected to be 5.7 percent in 2023 and to decline to 4.5 percent in 2030 and thereafter. Assumed health care cost trend rates affect the amounts reported for postretirement health care benefit plans.
As a result of restructuring actions related to the 2018 Global Restructuring Program, aggregate pension settlement charges of $91, and $49 during 2021 and 2020, respectively, and curtailment gains of $2 during 2021 were recognized in Nonoperating
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expense, primarily related to the defined benefit pension plans in the U.S, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (see Note 2 for further information about the 2018 Global Restructuring Program).
Summarized financial information about postretirement plans, excluding defined contribution retirement plans, is presented below:
| Pension Benefits | Other Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in Benefit Obligation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 3,811 | $ | 4,341 | $ | 669 | $ | 709 | |||||||||||||||
| Service cost | 16 | 21 | 7 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 89 | 80 | 21 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||
Actuarial (gain) loss(a) | (1,000) | (105) | (113) | (8) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Currency and other | (197) | (54) | 2 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit payments from plans | (173) | (138) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Direct benefit payments | (8) | (8) | (53) | (54) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements and curtailments | (97) | (326) | — | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at end of year | 2,441 | 3,811 | 533 | 669 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Change in Plan Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 3,744 | 4,193 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Actual return on plan assets | (987) | 52 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions | 30 | 10 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Currency and other | (199) | (45) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit payments | (173) | (138) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | (94) | (328) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 2,321 | 3,744 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Funded Status | $ | (120) | $ | (67) | $ | (533) | $ | (669) | |||||||||||||||
(a) The actuarial net gains in 2022 and in 2021 were primarily due to discount rate increases.
Substantially all of the funded status of pension and other benefits is recognized in the consolidated balance sheet in Noncurrent Employee Benefits, with the remainder recognized in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other Assets.
Information for the Principal Plans and All Other Pension Plans
| Principal Plans | All Other Pension Plans | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) | $ | 2,089 | $ | 3,339 | $ | 352 | $ | 472 | $ | 2,441 | $ | 3,811 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”) | 2,089 | 3,339 | 305 | 408 | 2,394 | 3,747 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | 2,018 | 3,389 | 303 | 355 | 2,321 | 3,744 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximately one-half of the PBO and fair value of plan assets for the Principal Plans relate to the U.S. qualified and nonqualified pension plans.
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Information for Pension Plans with an ABO in Excess of Plan Assets
| December 31 | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| ABO | $ | 1,251 | $ | 1,788 | |||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | 1,089 | 1,616 | |||||||||
Information for Pension Plans with a PBO in Excess of Plan Assets
| December 31 | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| PBO | $ | 1,261 | $ | 1,835 | |||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | 1,091 | 1,648 | |||||||||
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
| Pension Benefits | Other Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | 16 | $ | 21 | $ | 22 | $ | 7 | $ | 8 | $ | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 89 | 80 | 95 | 21 | 19 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets(a) | (123) | (132) | (134) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized net actuarial loss | 34 | 37 | 42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Settlements and curtailments | 52 | 89 | 49 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 1 | (5) | (4) | (1) | (2) | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 69 | $ | 90 | $ | 70 | $ | 28 | $ | 26 | $ | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the fair value of plan assets at the remeasurement date, typically the prior year-end adjusted for estimated current year cash benefit payments and contributions, by the expected long-term rate of return.
The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item Nonoperating expense in our consolidated income statement.
Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost for Years Ended December 31
| Pension Benefits | Other Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Projected 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | 5.18 | % | 2.71 | % | 1.98 | % | 2.44 | % | 3.15 | % | 2.69 | % | 3.51 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected long-term return on plan assets | 5.74 | % | 3.80 | % | 3.41 | % | 3.66 | % | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | 3.49 | % | 3.23 | % | 3.07 | % | 3.08 | % | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations at December 31
| Pension Benefits | Other Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | 5.18 | % | 2.36 | % | 5.92 | % | 3.15 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | 3.49 | % | 3.23 | % | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
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Investment Strategies for the Principal Plans
Strategic asset allocation decisions are made considering several risk factors, including plan participants' retirement benefit security, the estimated payments of the associated liabilities, the plan funded status, and Kimberly-Clark's financial condition. The resulting strategic asset allocation is a diversified blend of equity and fixed income investments. Equity investments are typically diversified across geographies and market capitalization. Fixed income investments are diversified across multiple sectors including government issues and corporate debt instruments with a portfolio duration that is consistent with the estimated payment of the associated liability. Actual asset allocation is regularly reviewed and periodically rebalanced to the strategic allocation when considered appropriate. Our 2023 target plan asset allocation for the Principal Plans is approximately 85 percent fixed income securities and 15 percent equity securities.
The expected long-term rate of return is generally evaluated on an annual basis. In setting this assumption, we consider a number of factors including projected future returns by asset class relative to the current asset allocation. The weighted-average expected long-term rate of return on pension fund assets used to calculate pension expense for the Principal Plans was 3.55 percent in 2022, 3.51 percent in 2021 and 3.76 percent in 2020, and will be 6.05 percent in 2023.
Set forth below are the pension plan assets of the Principal Plans measured at fair value, by level in the fair-value hierarchy. More than 65 percent of the assets are held in pooled funds and are measured using a net asset value (or its equivalent). Accordingly, such assets do not meet the Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 criteria of the fair value hierarchy.
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Plan Assets | Assets at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Assets at Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Assets at Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held directly | $ | 69 | $ | 69 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Held through mutual and pooled funds measured at net asset value | 76 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held directly | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and municipals | 115 | 115 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. corporate debt | 193 | — | 193 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| International bonds | 33 | — | 33 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Held through mutual and pooled funds measured at net asset value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and municipals | 71 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. corporate debt | 419 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| International bonds | 549 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held directly | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. equity | 21 | 21 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| International equity | 15 | 15 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Held through mutual and pooled funds measured at net asset value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. equity | 15 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Global equity | 221 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance Contracts | 222 | — | — | 222 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | (1) | (1) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Plan Assets | $ | 2,018 | $ | 219 | $ | 226 | $ | 222 | |||||||||||||||
Futures contracts are used when appropriate to manage duration targets. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the U.S. plan held directly Treasury futures contracts with a total notional value of approximately $362 and $377, respectively, and an
48 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
insignificant fair value. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the United Kingdom plan held through a pooled fund future contracts with a total notional value of approximately $524 and $403, and an insignificant fair value.
During 2022 and 2021, the plan assets did not include a significant amount of Kimberly-Clark common stock.
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Plan Assets | Assets at Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Assets at Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Assets at Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held directly | $ | 50 | $ | 50 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Held through mutual and pooled funds measured at net asset value | 26 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held directly | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and municipals | 166 | 158 | 8 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. corporate debt | 293 | 7 | 286 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| International bonds | 43 | — | 43 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Held through mutual and pooled funds measured at net asset value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and municipals | 149 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. corporate debt | 646 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| International bonds | 1,144 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held directly | |||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. equity | 17 | 17 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| International equity | 32 | 32 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Held through mutual and pooled funds measured at net asset value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. equity | 46 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Global equity | 423 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance Contracts | 355 | — | — | 355 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | (1) | 1 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Plan Assets | $ | 3,389 | $ | 265 | $ | 337 | $ | 355 | |||||||||||||||
Inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets vary according to the type of security being valued. Substantially all of the equity securities held directly by the plans are actively traded and fair values are determined based on quoted market prices. Fair values of U.S. government securities are determined based on trading activity in the marketplace.
Fair values of U.S. corporate debt, U.S. municipals and international bonds are typically determined by reference to the values of similar securities traded in the marketplace and current interest rate levels. Multiple pricing services are typically employed to assist in determining these valuations.
Fair values of equity securities and fixed income securities held through units of pooled funds are based on net asset value of the units of the pooled fund determined by the fund manager. Pooled funds are similar in nature to retail mutual funds, but are typically more efficient for institutional investors. The fair value of pooled funds is determined by the value of the underlying assets held by the fund and the units outstanding.
Equity securities held directly by the pension trusts and those held through units in pooled funds are monitored as to issuer and industry. Except for U.S. Treasuries, concentrations of fixed income securities are similarly monitored for concentrations by issuer and industry. As of December 31, 2022, there were no significant concentrations of equity or debt securities in any single issuer or industry.
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No level 3 transfers (in or out) were made in 2022 or 2021. Fair values of insurance contracts are based on an evaluation of various factors, including purchase price.
We expect to contribute approximately $25 to our defined benefit pension plans in 2023. Over the next ten years, we expect that the following gross benefit payments will occur:
| Pension Benefits | Other Benefits | ||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | 179 | $ | 57 | |||||||
| 2024 | 190 | 58 | |||||||||
| 2025 | 188 | 57 | |||||||||
| 2026 | 189 | 56 | |||||||||
| 2027 | 192 | 53 | |||||||||
| 2028-2032 | 929 | 233 | |||||||||
Defined Contribution Pension Plans
Our 401(k) profit sharing plan and supplemental plan provide for a matching contribution of a U.S. employee's contributions and accruals, subject to predetermined limits, as well as a discretionary profit sharing contribution, in which contributions will be based on our profit performance. We also have defined contribution pension plans for certain employees outside the U.S. Costs charged to expense for our defined contribution pension plans were $132 in 2022, $116 in 2021, and $141 in 2020. Approximately 30 percent of these costs were for plans outside the U.S.
Note 9. Stockholders' Equity
The changes in the components of AOCI attributable to Kimberly-Clark, net of tax, are as follows:
| Unrealized Translation | Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Cash Flow Hedges and Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | (2,157) | $ | (912) | $ | (40) | $ | (63) | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (265) | 37 | 9 | 53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss reclassified from AOCI | — | 72 | (a) | (3) | (a) | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | (265) | 109 | 6 | 83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | (2,422) | (803) | (34) | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (347) | (51) | 86 | (139) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Income) loss reclassified from AOCI | — | 65 | (a) | — | (a) | (44) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | (347) | 14 | 86 | (183) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | (2,769) | $ | (789) | $ | 52 | $ | (163) | ||||||||||||||||||
(a) Included in computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits costs (see Note 8).
Included in the above defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans balances as of December 31, 2022 is $735 and $2 of unrecognized net actuarial loss and unrecognized net prior service credit, respectively.
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The changes in the components of AOCI attributable to Kimberly-Clark, including the tax effect, are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized translation | $ | (324) | $ | (248) | $ | 98 | |||||||||||
| Tax effect | (23) | (17) | 16 | ||||||||||||||
| (347) | (265) | 114 | |||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension plans | |||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized net actuarial loss and transition amount | |||||||||||||||||
| Funded status recognition | (109) | 16 | 24 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization | 34 | 37 | 41 | ||||||||||||||
| Settlements and curtailments | 52 | 91 | 49 | ||||||||||||||
| Currency and other | 36 | 10 | (26) | ||||||||||||||
| 13 | 154 | 88 | |||||||||||||||
Unrecognized prior service cost/credit | |||||||||||||||||
| Funded status recognition | 2 | (2) | 2 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | (4) | (4) | ||||||||||||||
| Curtailments | — | (3) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Currency and other | — | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | (9) | (1) | |||||||||||||||
| Tax effect | (1) | (36) | (20) | ||||||||||||||
| 14 | 109 | 67 | |||||||||||||||
Other postretirement benefit plans | |||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized net actuarial loss and transition amount and other | 113 | 12 | (35) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax effect | (27) | (6) | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| 86 | 6 | (27) | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedges and other | |||||||||||||||||
Recognition of effective portion of hedges | (165) | 70 | (32) | ||||||||||||||
Amortization | (58) | 39 | (2) | ||||||||||||||
| Currency and other | (22) | (4) | (5) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax effect | 62 | (22) | 7 | ||||||||||||||
| (183) | 83 | (32) | |||||||||||||||
Change in AOCI | $ | (430) | $ | (67) | $ | 122 | |||||||||||
Amounts are reclassified from AOCI into Cost of products sold, Nonoperating expense, Interest expense, or Other (income) and expense, net, as applicable, in the consolidated income statement.
Net unrealized currency gains or losses resulting from the translation of assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, except those in highly inflationary economies, are recorded in AOCI. For these operations, changes in exchange rates generally do not affect cash flows; therefore, unrealized translation adjustments are recorded in AOCI rather than net income. Upon sale or substantially complete liquidation of any of these subsidiaries, the applicable unrealized translation adjustment would be removed from AOCI and reported as part of the gain or loss on the sale or liquidation. The change in unrealized translation in 2022 is primarily due to the weakening of various foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar, particularly the Indonesian rupiah and the British pound. Also included in unrealized translation amounts are the effects of foreign exchange rate changes on intercompany balances of a long-term investment nature and transactions designated as hedges of net foreign investments.
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Note 10. Leases and Commitments
We have entered into leases for certain facilities, vehicles, material handling and other equipment. Our leases have remaining contractual terms up to 96 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 99 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Our lease costs are primarily related to facility leases for inventory warehousing and administration offices.
Lease Expense
| Year Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Income Statement Classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease expense | $ | 145 | $ | 157 | $ | 168 | Cost of products sold, Marketing, research and general expenses | |||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of lease assets | 15 | 13 | 9 | Cost of products sold | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | 1 | 2 | 1 | Interest expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total finance lease expense | 16 | 15 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable lease expense(a) | 242 | 219 | 202 | Cost of products sold, Marketing, research and general expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total lease expense | $ | 403 | $ | 391 | $ | 380 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Includes short-term leases, which are immaterial.
Lease Assets and Liabilities
| December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | Balance Sheet Classification | ||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease | 71 | 86 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total lease assets | $ | 546 | $ | 574 | ||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncurrent: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | 564 | $ | 594 | ||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, accumulated amortization of finance lease assets was $32 and $27, respectively.
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Maturity of Lease Liabilities
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Leases | Finance Leases | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | 138 | $ | 13 | $ | 151 | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 119 | 10 | 129 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 100 | 8 | 108 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 83 | 6 | 89 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2027 | 53 | 5 | 58 | |||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | 46 | 27 | 73 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total lease payments | 539 | 69 | 608 | |||||||||||||||||
| Less imputed interest | 35 | 9 | 44 | |||||||||||||||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 504 | $ | 60 | $ | 564 | ||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2022, our operating leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 5 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 3 percent and our finance leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 8 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 3 percent.
Supplemental Information Related to Leases
| December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 148 | $ | 155 | $ | 164 | ||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | 11 | 13 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 57 | 34 | 198 | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance leases | 6 | 56 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other non-cash modifications to lease assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 72 | 61 | 98 | |||||||||||||||||
We have entered into long-term contracts for the purchase of superabsorbent materials, pulp and certain utilities. Commitments under these contracts based on current prices are $1,794 in 2023, $958 in 2024, $798 in 2025, $279 in 2026, $252 in 2027, and $39 beyond the year 2027.
Although we are primarily liable for payments on the above-mentioned leases and purchase commitments, our exposure to losses, if any, under these arrangements is not material.
Note 11. Legal Matters
We routinely are involved in legal proceedings, claims, disputes, tax matters, regulatory matters and governmental inspections or investigations arising in the ordinary course of or incidental to our business, including those noted below in this section. We record accruals in the consolidated financial statements for pending litigation when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. For the matters we disclose that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of losses, such an estimate is not possible or is immaterial, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies, unless disclosed below. At present we believe that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, legal proceedings and government investigations are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or other events could occur. Unfavorable resolutions could involve substantial monetary damages. In addition, in matters for which conduct remedies are sought, unfavorable resolutions could include an injunction or other order prohibiting us from selling one or more products at all or in particular
53 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
ways, precluding particular business practices or requiring other remedies. An unfavorable outcome might result in a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial position.
We are party to certain legal proceedings relating to our former health care business, Avanos Medical, Inc. ("Avanos", previously Halyard Health, Inc.), which we spun-off on October 31, 2014, including a qui tam matter and certain subpoena and document requests from the federal government. The subpoena and document requests include subpoenas from the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) concerning allegations of potential criminal and civil violations of federal laws, including the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, in connection with the manufacturing, marketing and sale of surgical gowns by our former health care business. We continue to cooperate in this investigation and are making efforts to explore a potential resolution with the DOJ.
We are subject to federal, state and local environmental protection laws and regulations with respect to our business operations and are operating in compliance with, or taking action aimed at ensuring compliance with, these laws and regulations. We have been named a potentially responsible party under the provisions of the U.S. federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or analogous state statutes, at a number of sites where hazardous substances are present. None of our compliance obligations with environmental protection laws and regulations, individually or in the aggregate, is expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.
Note 12. Objectives and Strategies for Using Derivatives
As a multinational enterprise, we are exposed to financial risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and commodity prices. We employ a number of practices to manage these risks, including operating and financing activities and, where appropriate, the use of derivative instruments.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, derivative assets were $99 and $65, respectively, and derivative liabilities were $318 and $41, respectively, primarily comprised of foreign currency exchange and commodity price contracts. Derivative assets are recorded in Other current assets or Other Assets, as appropriate, and derivative liabilities are recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities or Other Liabilities, as appropriate.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Translation adjustments result from translating foreign entities' financial statements into U.S. dollars from their functional currencies. The risk to any particular entity's net assets is reduced to the extent that the entity is financed with local currency borrowings. A portion of our balance sheet translation exposure for certain affiliates, which results from changes in translation rates between the affiliates’ functional currencies and the U.S. dollar, is hedged with cross-currency swap contracts and certain foreign denominated debt which are designated as net investment hedges. The foreign currency exposure on certain non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily intercompany loans and accounts payable, is hedged with primarily undesignated derivative instruments.
Derivative instruments are entered into to hedge a portion of forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies for non-U.S. operations' purchases of raw materials, which are priced in U.S. dollars, and imports of intercompany finished goods and work-in-process priced predominantly in U.S. dollars and euros. The derivative instruments used to manage these exposures are designated as cash flow hedges.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is managed using a portfolio of variable and fixed-rate debt composed of short and long-term instruments. Interest rate swap contracts may be used to facilitate the maintenance of the desired ratio of variable and fixed-rate debt and are designated as fair value hedges. From time to time, we also hedge the anticipated issuance of fixed-rate debt, and these contracts are designated as cash flow hedges.
Commodity Price Risk
We use derivative instruments, such as forward contracts, to hedge a portion of our exposure to market risk arising from changes in prices of certain commodities. These derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges of specific quantities of the underlying commodity expected to be purchased in future months. In addition, we utilize negotiated contracts of varying durations along with strategic pricing mechanisms to manage volatility for a portion of our commodity costs.
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Fair Value Hedges
Derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are predominantly used to manage interest rate risk. The fair values of these derivative instruments are recorded as an asset or liability, as appropriate, with the offset recorded in current Interest expense. The offset to the change in fair values of the related debt is also recorded in Interest expense. Any realized gain or loss on the derivatives that hedge interest rate risk is amortized to Interest expense over the life of the related debt. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate notional values and carrying values of debt subject to outstanding interest rate contracts designated as fair value hedges were $525 and $470, respectively. For each of the three years ended December 31, 2022, gains or losses recognized in Interest expense for interest rate swaps were not significant.
Cash Flow Hedges
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is initially recorded in AOCI, net of related income taxes, and recognized in earnings in the same income statement line and period that the hedged exposure affects earnings. As of December 31, 2022, outstanding commodity forward contracts were in place to hedge a portion of our estimated requirements of the related underlying commodities in 2023 and future periods. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate notional value of outstanding foreign exchange derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges was $2.5 billion. For each of the three years ended December 31, 2022, no significant gains or losses were reclassified into Interest expense, Cost of products sold or Other (income) and expense, net as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges due to the original forecasted transaction no longer being probable of occurring. At December 31, 2022, amounts to be reclassified from AOCI into Interest expense, Cost of products sold or Other (income), net during the next twelve months are not expected to be material. The maximum maturity of cash flow hedges in place at December 31, 2022 is December 2025.
Net Investment Hedges
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as net investment hedges, the aggregate notional value was $1.3 billion at December 31, 2022. We exclude the interest accruals on cross-currency swap contracts and the forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts from the assessment and measurement of hedge effectiveness. We recognize the interest accruals on cross-currency swap contracts in earnings within Interest expense. We amortize the forward points on foreign exchange contracts into earnings within Interest expense over the life of the hedging relationship. Changes in fair value of net investment hedges are recorded in AOCI and offset the change in the value of the net investment being hedged. For the year ended December 31, 2022, unrealized gain of $72 related to net investment hedge fair value changes were recorded in AOCI and no significant amounts were reclassified from AOCI to Interest expense.
No significant amounts were excluded from the assessment of net investment, fair value or cash flow hedge effectiveness as of December 31, 2022.
Undesignated Hedging Instruments
Gains or losses on undesignated foreign exchange hedging instruments are immediately recognized in Other (income) and expense, net. A loss of $29, a loss of $5 and a gain of $39 were recorded in the years ending December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effect on earnings from the use of these non-designated derivatives is substantially neutralized by the transactional gains and losses recorded on the underlying assets and liabilities. At December 31, 2022, the notional amount of these undesignated derivative instruments was approximately $2.2 billion.
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Note 13. Income Taxes
An analysis of the Provision for income taxes follows:
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Current income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 248 | $ | 179 | $ | 252 | |||||||||||
| State | 16 | 35 | 81 | ||||||||||||||
| Other countries | 288 | 335 | 298 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 552 | 549 | 631 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| United States | (27) | (18) | 62 | ||||||||||||||
| State | (1) | (1) | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Other countries | (29) | (51) | (22) | ||||||||||||||
| Total | (57) | (70) | 45 | ||||||||||||||
| Total provision for income taxes | $ | 495 | $ | 479 | $ | 676 | |||||||||||
The components of Income Before Income Taxes and Equity Interests follow:
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 1,802 | $ | 1,580 | $ | 2,336 | |||||||||||
| Other countries | 538 | 645 | 594 | ||||||||||||||
| Total income before income taxes and equity interests | $ | 2,340 | $ | 2,225 | $ | 2,930 | |||||||||||
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Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:
| December 31 | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||||
| Pension and other postretirement benefits | $ | 179 | $ | 215 | ||||||||||
| Tax credits and loss carryforwards | 534 | 531 | ||||||||||||
Capitalized research costs(a) | 118 | — | ||||||||||||
| Lease liability | 116 | 116 | ||||||||||||
| Prepaid royalties | 56 | 117 | ||||||||||||
| Derivatives | 74 | 38 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 353 | 317 | ||||||||||||
| 1,430 | 1,334 | |||||||||||||
| Valuation allowances | (299) | (279) | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | 1,131 | 1,055 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 940 | 921 | ||||||||||||
| Investments in subsidiaries | 101 | 105 | ||||||||||||
| Intangible assets | 153 | 156 | ||||||||||||
| Lease asset | 111 | 114 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 229 | 228 | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | 1,534 | 1,524 | ||||||||||||
| Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | (403) | $ | (469) | ||||||||||
(a) Capitalized research costs are attributable to research and development costs recorded as a period cost for financial reporting purposes but required to be capitalized for U.S. tax purposes and amortized primarily over a 5 period, beginning on January 1, 2022.
Valuation allowances at the end of 2022 primarily relate to tax credits, capital loss carryforwards, and income tax loss carryforwards of $1.2 billion. If these items are not utilized against taxable income, $534 of the income tax loss carryforwards will expire from 2023 through 2039. The remaining $687 has no expiration date.
Realization of income tax loss carryforwards is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to expiration of these carryforwards. Although realization is not assured, we believe it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets, net of applicable valuation allowances, will be realized. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable could be reduced or increased due to changes in the tax environment or if estimates of future taxable income change during the carryforward period.
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Presented below is a reconciliation of the Provision for income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the actual effective tax rate:
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. statutory rate applied to income before income taxes and equity interests | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||
| State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 0.5 | 1.2 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Routine tax incentives | (3.5) | (5.8) | (4.3) | ||||||||||||||
| Net nondeductible expenses | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Net tax cost on foreign income | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | 1.3 | 2.4 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||
Other - net(a) | (1.9) | (1.2) | (0.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 21.2 | % | 21.5 | % | 23.1 | % | |||||||||||
(a) Other - net is composed of numerous items, none of which is greater than 1.05 percent of income before income taxes and equity interests.
As of December 31, 2022, we have accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries of approximately $7.4 billion. Earnings of $3.7 billion were previously subject to U.S. federal income tax. Any additional taxes due with respect to such previously-taxed foreign earnings, if repatriated, would generally be limited to foreign and U.S. state income taxes. Deferred taxes have been recorded on $0.7 billion of earnings of foreign consolidated subsidiaries expected to be repatriated. We do not intend to distribute the remaining $3.0 billion of previously-taxed foreign earnings and therefore have not recorded deferred taxes for foreign and U.S. state income taxes on such earnings.
We consider any excess of the amount for financial reporting over tax basis in our foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested. The determination of deferred tax liabilities on the amount of financial reporting over tax basis or the $3.0 billion of previously-taxed foreign earnings is not practicable.
Presented below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1 | $ | 506 | $ | 497 | $ | 383 | |||||||||||
| Gross increases for tax positions of prior years | 22 | 62 | 144 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross decreases for tax positions of prior years | (38) | (37) | (34) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross increases for tax positions of the current year | 36 | 42 | 36 | ||||||||||||||
| Settlements | (21) | (39) | (22) | ||||||||||||||
| Other | (17) | (19) | (10) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31 | $ | 488 | $ | 506 | $ | 497 | |||||||||||
Of the amounts recorded as unrecognized income tax benefits at December 31, 2022, $420 would reduce our effective tax rate if recognized.
We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in Provision for income taxes. During each of the three years ended December 31, 2022, the net impact of interest and penalties was not significant. Total accrued penalties and net accrued interest was $35 and $24 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
It is reasonably possible that a number of uncertainties could be resolved within the next 12 months. The aggregate resolution of the uncertainties could be up to $130, while none of the uncertainties is individually significant. Resolution of these matters is not expected to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
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As of December 31, 2022, the following tax years remain subject to examination for the major jurisdictions where we conduct business:
| Jurisdiction | Years | ||||||||||
| United States | 2016 | to | 2022 | ||||||||
| United Kingdom | 2020 | to | 2022 | ||||||||
| Brazil | 2016 | to | 2022 | ||||||||
| China | 2011 | to | 2022 | ||||||||
| South Korea | 2020 | to | 2022 | ||||||||
Our originally filed U.S. federal income tax returns have been audited through 2015; however, our amended U.S. federal income tax returns are subject to audit for 2013-2018.
State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of 3 to 5 years after filing of the respective return. The state effect of any changes to filed federal positions remains subject to examination by various states for a period of up to two years after formal notification to the states. We have various state income tax return positions in the process of examination, administrative appeals or litigation.
The Brazilian tax authority, Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil ("RFB"), concluded an audit for the taxable periods from 2008-2013. This audit included a review of our determinations of amortization of certain goodwill arising from prior acquisitions in Brazil, and the RFB has proposed adjustments that effectively eliminate the goodwill amortization benefits related to these transactions. Administrative appeals have been exhausted with a partial favorable decision for our position, and the remaining dispute is in the judicial phase. Based upon the matters that remain in dispute, the amount of the proposed tax adjustments and penalties is approximately $60 as of December 31, 2022 (translated at the December 31, 2022 currency exchange rate). The amount ultimately in dispute will be significantly greater because of interest. We believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to vigorously defend against these proposed adjustments; however, it is expected to take a number of years to reach resolution of this matter.
As part of the tax audit of our U.S. federal income tax returns for the taxable years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service proposed an adjustment that would increase the amount of the one-time transition tax on certain undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries owed by us. We believe we have adequate reserves and meritorious defenses and intend to vigorously defend against the proposed adjustment; however, it is expected to take a number of years to reach resolution of this matter.
Note 14. Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
There are no adjustments required to be made to net income for purposes of computing basic and diluted EPS. The average number of common shares outstanding is reconciled to those used in the basic and diluted EPS computations as follows:
| (Millions of shares) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 337.4 | 337.3 | 340.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted share unit awards | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 338.3 | 338.8 | 342.5 | |||||||||||||||||
Options outstanding that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because their exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares were insignificant. The number of common shares outstanding (in millions) as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was 337.5, 336.8 and 338.7, respectively.
Note 15. Business Segment Information
We are organized into operating segments based on product groupings. These operating segments have been aggregated into three reportable global business segments: Personal Care, Consumer Tissue and K-C Professional. The reportable segments were determined in accordance with how our chief operating decision maker and our executive managers develop and execute global strategies to drive growth and profitability. These strategies include global plans for branding and product positioning, technology, research and development programs, cost reductions including supply chain management, and capacity and capital
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investments for each of these businesses. Segment management is evaluated on several factors, including operating profit. Segment operating profit excludes Other (income) and expense, net and income and expense not associated with ongoing operations of the business segments, including the costs of corporate decisions related to the 2018 Global Restructuring Program which was completed in 2021 as described in Note 2, the amounts related to the acquisition of a controlling interest in Thinx in 2022 and the acquisition of Softex Indonesia in 2020 as described in Note 3, and business tax credits related to the resolution of certain Brazil tax matters in 2020 as described in Note 1.
The principal sources of revenue in each global business segment are described below:
•Personal Care brands offer our consumers a trusted partner in caring for themselves and their families by delivering confidence, protection and discretion through a wide variety of innovative solutions and products such as disposable diapers, training and youth pants, swimpants, baby wipes, feminine and incontinence care products, reusable underwear and other related products. Products in this segment are sold under the Huggies, Pull-Ups, Little Swimmers, GoodNites, DryNites, Sweety, Kotex, U by Kotex, Intimus, Thinx, Poise, Depend, Plenitud, Softex and other brand names.
•Consumer Tissue offers a wide variety of innovative solutions and trusted brands that responsibly improve everyday living for families around the world. Products in this segment include facial and bathroom tissue, paper towels, napkins and related products, and are sold under the Kleenex, Scott, Cottonelle, Andrex, Viva, Scottex, Neve and other brand names.
•K-C Professional partners with businesses to create Exceptional Workplaces, helping to make them healthier, safer and more productive through a range of solutions and supporting products such as wipers, tissue, towels, apparel, soaps and sanitizers. Our brands, including Kleenex, Scott, WypAll, Kimtech and KleenGuard are well known for quality and trusted to help people around the world work better.
Net sales to Walmart Inc. as a percent of our consolidated net sales were approximately 13 percent in 2022, 14 percent in 2021 and 15 percent in 2020. Net sales to Walmart Inc. were primarily in the Personal Care and Consumer Tissue segments.
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Information concerning consolidated operations by business segment is presented in the following tables:
Consolidated Operations by Business Segment
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
NET SALES(a) | |||||||||||||||||
| Personal Care | $ | 10,622 | $ | 10,267 | $ | 9,339 | |||||||||||
| Consumer Tissue | 6,243 | 6,034 | 6,718 | ||||||||||||||
| K-C Professional | 3,256 | 3,072 | 3,019 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate & Other | 54 | 67 | 64 | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL NET SALES | $ | 20,175 | $ | 19,440 | $ | 19,140 | |||||||||||
OPERATING PROFIT(b) | |||||||||||||||||
| Personal Care | $ | 1,787 | $ | 1,856 | $ | 1,933 | |||||||||||
| Consumer Tissue | 806 | 888 | 1,448 | ||||||||||||||
| K-C Professional | 457 | 404 | 528 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate & Other(c) | (412) | (559) | (719) | ||||||||||||||
Other (income) and expense, net(d) | (43) | 28 | (54) | ||||||||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING PROFIT | $ | 2,681 | $ | 2,561 | $ | 3,244 | |||||||||||
(a)Net sales in the U.S. to third parties totaled $9,848, $9,285 and $9,679 in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. No other individual country's net sales exceeds 10 percent of total net sales.
(b) Segment operating profit excludes Other (income) and expense, net and income and expenses not associated with the business segments.
(c) Corporate & Other includes transaction and integration costs of $21 related to the acquisition of a controlling interest in Thinx in 2022 and charges of $265 and $392 related to the 2018 Global Restructuring Program in 2021 and 2020, respectively. Restructuring charges for the 2018 Global Restructuring Program related to the Personal Care, Consumer Tissue and K-C Professional business segments were $104, $118 and $40 for 2021 and $156, $176 and $53 for 2020, respectively. Corporate & Other also includes acquisition-related costs of $32 associated with the acquisition of Softex Indonesia in 2020.
(d) Other (income) and expense, net for 2022 includes the non-cash, non-recurring gain of $85 related to the acquisition of a controlling interest in Thinx. For 2020, it includes business tax credits of $77 related to a favorable legal ruling that resolved certain matters related to prior years' business taxes in Brazil.
| Personal Care | Consumer Tissue | K-C Professional | Corporate & Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and Amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | 375 | $ | 251 | $ | 125 | $ | 3 | $ | 754 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 355 | 291 | 116 | 4 | 766 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 347 | 334 | 111 | 4 | 796 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Spending | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 442 | 280 | 142 | 12 | 876 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 536 | 303 | 157 | 11 | 1,007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 616 | 391 | 204 | 6 | 1,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 9,086 | 5,048 | 2,675 | 1,161 | 17,970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 8,890 | 5,083 | 2,650 | 1,214 | 17,837 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 8,486 | 5,227 | 2,551 | 1,259 | 17,523 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sales of Principal Products
| (Billions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Baby and child care products | $ | 7.2 | $ | 7.2 | $ | 6.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer tissue products | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Away-from-home professional products | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| All other | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated | $ | 20.2 | $ | 19.4 | $ | 19.1 | ||||||||||||||
Note 16. Supplemental Data
Supplemental Income Statement Data
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Advertising expense | $ | 901 | $ | 893 | $ | 956 | |||||||||||
| Research expense | 292 | 269 | 276 | ||||||||||||||
Equity Companies' Data
| Net Sales | Gross Profit | Operating Profit | Net Income | Corporation's Share of Net Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | 2,690 | $ | 707 | $ | 438 | $ | 240 | $ | 116 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2,501 | 696 | 398 | 205 | 98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2,358 | 786 | 507 | 299 | 142 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current Assets | Noncurrent Assets | Current Liabilities | Noncurrent Liabilities | Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | 1,585 | $ | 1,303 | $ | 814 | $ | 1,751 | $ | 323 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 1,283 | 1,219 | 809 | 1,334 | 360 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 1,585 | 1,203 | 842 | 1,563 | 382 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity companies are principally engaged in operations in the personal care and consumer tissue businesses. At December 31, 2022, our ownership interest in Kimberly-Clark de Mexico, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries ("KCM") was 47.9 percent. KCM is partially owned by the public, and its stock is publicly traded in Mexico. At December 31, 2022, our investment in this equity company was $179, and the estimated fair value of the investment was $2.7 billion based on the market price of publicly traded shares. Our other equity ownership interests are not significant to our consolidated balance sheet or financial results.
At December 31, 2022, undistributed net income of equity companies included in consolidated retained earnings was $1.1 billion.
62 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
Supplemental Balance Sheet Data
| December 31 | |||||||||||
| Summary of Accounts Receivable, Net | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| From customers | $ | 2,155 | $ | 2,092 | |||||||
| Other | 189 | 170 | |||||||||
| Less allowance for doubtful accounts and sales discounts | (64) | (55) | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,280 | $ | 2,207 | |||||||
| December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Inventories by Major Class | LIFO | Non- LIFO | Total | LIFO | Non- LIFO | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Raw materials | $ | 147 | $ | 425 | $ | 572 | $ | 141 | $ | 352 | $ | 493 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Work in process | 139 | 107 | 246 | 153 | 89 | 242 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finished goods | 518 | 870 | 1,388 | 607 | 835 | 1,442 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplies and other | — | 302 | 302 | — | 280 | 280 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 804 | 1,704 | 2,508 | 901 | 1,556 | 2,457 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excess of FIFO or weighted-average cost over LIFO cost | (239) | — | (239) | (218) | — | (218) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 565 | $ | 1,704 | $ | 2,269 | $ | 683 | $ | 1,556 | $ | 2,239 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined on the FIFO or weighted-average cost methods, and at the lower of cost or market, determined on the LIFO cost method.
| December 31 | |||||||||||
| Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| Land | $ | 156 | $ | 169 | |||||||
| Buildings | 3,062 | 2,993 | |||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | 14,655 | 14,606 | |||||||||
| Construction in progress | 676 | 760 | |||||||||
| 18,549 | 18,528 | ||||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | (10,664) | (10,431) | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 7,885 | $ | 8,097 | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net in the U.S. as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $4,273 and $4,165, respectively.
63 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
| December 31 | |||||||||||
| Summary of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| Accrued advertising and promotion | $ | 455 | $ | 434 | |||||||
| Accrued salaries and wages | 421 | 403 | |||||||||
| Accrued rebates | 285 | 249 | |||||||||
| Accrued taxes - income and other | 318 | 323 | |||||||||
| Operating leases | 127 | 130 | |||||||||
| Accrued restructuring | — | 75 | |||||||||
| Accrued interest | 82 | 85 | |||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | 200 | 23 | |||||||||
| Other | 401 | 374 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,289 | $ | 2,096 | |||||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Statement Data
| Summary of Cash Flow Effects of Operating Working Capital | Year Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | (151) | $ | (37) | $ | 95 | |||||||||||
| Inventories | (76) | (417) | (96) | ||||||||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | 109 | 627 | 239 | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 92 | (124) | 132 | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued income taxes | 20 | (4) | 42 | ||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | 9 | 30 | (9) | ||||||||||||||
| Currency and other | (20) | (29) | (40) | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (17) | $ | 46 | $ | 363 | |||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other Cash Flow Data | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | 270 | $ | 243 | $ | 245 | |||||||||||
| Income taxes paid | 468 | 492 | 533 | ||||||||||||||
64 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Kimberly-Clark Corporation:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Kimberly-Clark Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Corporation") as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Table of Contents at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Corporation as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 9, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Corporation's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Corporation in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Sales Incentives and Trade Promotion Allowances —Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Corporation utilizes various trade promotion programs globally. The cost of promotion activities is classified as a reduction in sales revenue and can result in a period of time between the date the customer earns a promotion and the date the customer claims the promotion. The Corporation records an accrual for estimated promotions using customer sales associated with valid promotion events, actual promotion claims, and forecasted information of amounts earned by the customer but not yet claimed. As of December 31, 2022, the accrual balance was approximately $426 million.
We identified trade promotions and the related accrual as a critical audit matter because of the complexity and volume of the Corporation’s processes related to trade promotion programs and the subjectivity of estimating future customer claims. This required an extensive audit effort due to the complexity and volume of the trade promotion programs and information systems utilized globally as well as the subjectivity of estimating future customer claims related to the trade promotion accrual.
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How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the reduction in revenue associated with trade promotions and the related accrual included the following, among others:
•With the assistance of our IT specialists, we:
- Identified the significant systems used to process trade promotion transactions and tested the general IT controls over each of these systems, including testing of user access controls, change management controls, and IT operations controls
- Tested the effectiveness of automated controls over revenue streams, including those over the evaluation of the accuracy and completeness of trade promotions
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over the trade promotions and the related accrual, including those over the quantity of customer sales associated with valid promotion events and the estimated future promotion claims associated with the trade accrual.
•We evaluated trade promotion transactions using either analytical procedures or by evaluating individual transactions. When analytical procedures were performed, we developed an expectation for reduction in revenue associated with trade promotions based on the relationship with gross sales adjusted for changes in data, which consist of changes in product mix, sales margin, or inflation, and compared to the recorded amount. When individual promotion transactions were evaluated, we obtained evidence of the promotion agreement with the customer and the amounts of the promotions earned.
•We evaluated management’s ability to estimate future promotion claims by comparing actual promotion claims to management’s historical estimates.
•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s estimate of future promotion claims by testing the underlying data related to (1) customer sales associated with valid promotion events, (2) actual promotion claims, and (3) forecasted information.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP | ||
| Deloitte & Touche LLP | ||
| Dallas, Texas | ||
| February 9, 2023 | ||
We have served as the Corporation’s auditor since 1928.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of December 31, 2022, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(e) and 15d - 15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act)). Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2022.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting, including safeguarding of assets against unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition. This system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and our Board of Directors regarding preparation of reliable published financial statements and safeguarding of our assets. This system is supported with written policies and procedures, contains self-monitoring mechanisms and is audited by the internal audit function. Appropriate actions are taken by management to correct deficiencies as they are identified. All internal control systems have inherent limitations, including the possibility of circumvention and overriding of controls, and, therefore, can provide only reasonable assurance as to the reliability of financial statement preparation and such asset safeguarding.
We have assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, we used the criteria described in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting is effective.
Deloitte & Touche LLP has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, and has expressed an unqualified opinion in their report, which appears in this report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation described above in "Internal Control Over Financial Reporting" that occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Kimberly-Clark Corporation:
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Kimberly-Clark Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Corporation”) as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, of the Corporation and our report dated February 9, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Corporation’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect
67 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
to the Corporation in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP | ||
| Deloitte & Touche LLP | ||
| Dallas, Texas | ||
| February 9, 2023 | ||
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
68 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
| PART III | |||||
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following sections of our 2023 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "2023 Proxy Statement") are incorporated in this Item 10 by reference:
•"The Nominees" under "Proposal 1. Election of Directors," which identifies our directors and nominees for our Board of Directors.
•"Corporate Governance - Other Corporate Governance Policies and Practices - Code of Conduct," which describes our Code of Conduct.
•"Corporate Governance - Stockholder Rights," "Proposal 1. Election of Directors," "Other Information - Stockholder Director Nominees for Inclusion in Next Year's Proxy Statement," and "Other Information - Stockholder Director Nominees Not Included in Next Year's Proxy Statement," which describe the procedures by which stockholders may nominate candidates for election to our Board of Directors.
•"Corporate Governance - Board Committees - Audit Committee," which identifies members of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and audit committee financial experts.
Information regarding our executive officers is reported under the caption "Information About Our Executive Officers" in Part I of this Report.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information in the sections of our 2023 Proxy Statement captioned "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Compensation Tables," "Director Compensation," "Corporate Governance - Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation," "Other Information - CEO Pay Ratio Disclosure" and "Other Information - Pay Versus Performance" is incorporated in this Item 11 by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information in the sections of our 2023 Proxy Statement captioned "Compensation Tables - Equity Compensation Plan Information" and "Other Information - Security Ownership Information" is incorporated in this Item 12 by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information in the sections of our 2023 Proxy Statement captioned "Other Information - Transactions with Related Persons" and "Corporate Governance - Director Independence" is incorporated in this Item 13 by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES (Deloitte & Touche LLP, PCAOB ID 34)
The information in the sections of our 2023 Proxy Statement captioned "Principal Accounting Firm Fees" and "Audit Committee Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services" under "Proposal 2. Ratification of Auditor" is incorporated in this Item 14 by reference.
69 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
| PART IV | |||||
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)Documents filed as part of this report.
1.Financial statements.
The financial statements are set forth under Item 8 of this report on Form 10-K.
2.Financial statement schedules.
The following information is filed as part of this Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements contained in Item 8:
•Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Schedule for Kimberly-Clark Corporation and Subsidiaries:
•Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules have been omitted because they were not applicable or because the required information has been included in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3.Exhibits
| Exhibit No. (4)e. | Copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission on request. | ||||
70 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
| Exhibit No. (10)d. | |||||
| Exhibit No. (10)e. | |||||
| Exhibit No. (10)f. | |||||
| Exhibit No. (10)g. | |||||
| Exhibit No. (10)j. | |||||
| Exhibit No. (10)n. | |||||
71 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
| Exhibit No. (10)p. | |||||
| Exhibit No. (10)q. | |||||
| Exhibit No. (10)r. | |||||
| Exhibit No. (21). | |||||
| Exhibit No. (24). | |||||
| Exhibit No. (101).INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instant document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document | ||||
| Exhibit No. (101).SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | ||||
| Exhibit No. (101).CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | ||||
| Exhibit No. (101).DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | ||||
| Exhibit No. (101).LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | ||||
| Exhibit No. (101).PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | ||||
| Exhibit No. 104 | The cover page from this Current Report on Form 10-K formatted as Inline XBRL | ||||
| * | A management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be identified pursuant to Item 15(a)(3) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. | ||||
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
72 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION | ||||||||
| February 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ Andrew S. Drexler | ||||||
| Andrew S. Drexler Vice President and Controller | ||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| /s/ Michael D. Hsu | Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer) | February 9, 2023 | |||||||||
Michael D. Hsu | |||||||||||
| /s/ Nelson Urdaneta | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) | February 9, 2023 | |||||||||
Nelson Urdaneta | |||||||||||
| /s/ Andrew S. Drexler | Vice President and Controller (principal accounting officer) | February 9, 2023 | |||||||||
Andrew S. Drexler | |||||||||||
| Directors | ||||||||
| Sylvia M. Burwell | Sherilyn S. McCoy | |||||||
| John W. Culver | Christa S. Quarles | |||||||
| Robert W. Decherd | Jaime A. Ramirez | |||||||
| Mae C. Jemison | Dunia A. Shive | |||||||
| S. Todd Maclin | Mark T. Smucker | |||||||
| Deirdre A. Mahlan | Michael D. White | |||||||
| By: | /s/ Andrew S. Drexler | February 9, 2023 | |||||||||
| Andrew S. Drexler Attorney-in-Fact | |||||||||||
73 | KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION - 2022 Annual Report | |||||||
KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020
(Millions of dollars)
| Description | Balance at Beginning of Period | Additions | Deductions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charged to Costs and Expenses | Charged to Other Accounts(a) | Write-Offs and Reclassifications | Balance at End of Period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowances deducted from assets to which they apply | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 40 | $ | 14 | $ | (3) | $ | 4 | (b) | $ | 47 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for sales discounts | 15 | 239 | (3) | 234 | (c) | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowances deducted from assets to which they apply | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 34 | $ | 12 | $ | (4) | $ | 2 | (b) | $ | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for sales discounts | 16 | 225 | (2) | 224 | (c) | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowances deducted from assets to which they apply | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 32 | $ | 3 | $ | 1 | $ | 2 | (b) | $ | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for sales discounts | 17 | 240 | (3) | 238 | (c) | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Includes bad debt recoveries and the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
(b)Primarily uncollectible receivables written off.
(c)Sales discounts allowed.
| Additions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Balance at Beginning of Period | Charged to Costs and Expenses | Charged to Other Accounts | Deductions(a) | Balance at End of Period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | $ | 279 | $ | 37 | $ | — | $ | 17 | $ | 299 | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | $ | 272 | $ | 12 | $ | — | $ | 5 | $ | 279 | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | $ | 248 | $ | 21 | $ | — | $ | (3) | $ | 272 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)Represents the net currency effects of translating valuation allowances at current rates of exchange.
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