LANDMARK BANCORP INC - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number 0-33203

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		43-1930755
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification Number)

701 Poyntz Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66502

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(785) 565-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [ ] Accelerated filer [X] Non-accelerated filer [ ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company [ ] Emerging growth company [ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: as of May 7, 2018, the issuer had outstanding 4,147,946 shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share.

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC.

Form 10-Q Quarterly Report

Table of Contents

	PART I

		Page Number

Item 1.	Financial Statements	2 - 26
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27 – 33
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	33 – 34
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	35

	PART II

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	36
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	36
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	36
Item 5.	Other Information	36
Item 6.	Exhibits	36

	Signature Page	37

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	March 31,			December 31,
	2018			2017
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,042		$	16,584
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value		398,102			387,983
Common stocks, at fair value		7			-
Bank stocks, at cost		5,457			5,423
Loans, net of allowance for loans losses of $5,644 at March 31, 2018 and $5,459 at December 31, 2017		436,179			433,743
Loans held for sale, at fair value		6,287			6,535
Premises and equipment, net		21,051			20,824
Bank owned life insurance		23,857			23,698
Goodwill		17,532			17,532
Other intangible assets, net		3,504			3,659
Real estate owned, net		416			436
Accrued interest and other assets		13,560			13,037
Total assets	$	938,994		$	929,454

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing demand	$	170,108		$	160,496
Money market and checking		374,633			388,311
Savings		97,108			93,474
Time		127,712			123,277
Total deposits		769,561			765,558

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings		39,747			31,600
Subordinated debentures		21,534			21,484
Other borrowings		12,743			13,509
Accrued interest, taxes, and other liabilities		10,961			9,681
Total liabilities		854,546			841,832

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 200,000 shares authorized; none issued		-			-
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 7,500,000 shares authorized; 4,118,083 and 4,081,659 shares issued at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		41			41
Additional paid-in capital		58,160			57,772
Retained earnings		31,499			30,214
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(5,252	)		(405	)
Total stockholders’ equity		84,448			87,622
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	938,994		$	929,454

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	March 31,
	2018		2017
Interest income:
Loans:
Taxable	$	5,350	$	5,019
Tax-exempt		29		35
Investment securities:
Taxable		1,197		1,192
Tax-exempt		1,025		942
Total interest income		7,601		7,188
Interest expense:
Deposits		541		338
Borrowings		466		482
Total interest expense		1,007		820
Net interest income		6,594		6,368
Provision for loan losses		200		50
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		6,394		6,318
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges		1,756		1,715
Gains on sales of loans, net		1,161		1,389
Bank owned life insurance		159		117
Gains on sales of investment securities, net		35		147
Other		290		273
Total non-interest income		3,401		3,641
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and benefits		3,789		3,757
Occupancy and equipment		1,078		1,024
Data processing		365		330
Amortization of intangibles		277		298
Professional fees		388		290
Advertising		167		166
Federal deposit insurance premiums		72		72
Foreclosure and real estate owned expense		13		52
Other		1,291		1,072
Total non-interest expense		7,440		7,061
Earnings before income taxes		2,355		2,898
Income tax expense		256		693
Net earnings	$	2,099	$	2,205
Earnings per share:
Basic (1)	$	0.51	$	0.54
Diluted (1)	$	0.51	$	0.54
Dividends per share (1)	$	0.20	$	0.19

(1)	Per share amounts for the period ended March 31, 2017 have been adjusted to give effect to the 5% stock dividend paid during December 2017.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,
	2018			2017

Net earnings	$	2,099		$	2,205

Net unrealized holding (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities		(6,376	)		522
Less reclassification adjustment for net gains included in earnings		(35	)		(147	)
Net unrealized (losses) gains		(6,411	)		375
Income tax effect on net gains included in earnings		9			54
Income tax effect on net unrealized holding gains (losses)		1,562			(200	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(4,840	)		229

Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(2,741	)	$	2,434

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Total

Balance at January 1, 2017	$	38	$	51,968	$	34,293		$	(1,348	)	$	84,951
Net earnings		-		-		2,205			-			2,205
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			229			229
Dividends paid ($0.19 per share)		-		-		(774	)		-			(774	)
Stock-based compensation		-		35		-			-			35
Exercise of stock options, 1,845 shares		1		22		-			-			23
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	39	$	52,025	$	35,724		$	(1,119	)	$	86,669

Balance at January 1, 2018	$	41	$	57,772	$	30,214		$	(405	)	$	87,622
Net earnings		-		-		2,099			-			2,099
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-			(4,840	)		(4,840	)
Dividends paid ($0.20 per share)		-		-		(821	)		-			(821	)
Stock-based compensation		-		54		-			-			54
Adjustment of common stock		-		-		7			(7	)		-
Exercise of stock options, 36,424 shares		-		334		-			-			334
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	41	$	58,160	$	31,499		$	(5,252	)	$	84,448

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings	$	2,099		$	2,205
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used by) operating activities:
Provision for loan losses		200			50
Valuation allowance on real estate owned		-			33
Amortization of investment security premiums, net		485			468
Amortization of purchase accounting adjustment on loans		(58	)		(19	)
Amortization of purchase accounting adjustment on subordinated debentures		50			50
Amortization of intangibles		277			298
Depreciation		250			263
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance		(159	)		(117	)
Stock-based compensation		54			35
Deferred income taxes		105			60
Net gains on sales of investment securities		(35	)		(147	)
Net losses on sales of foreclosed assets		1			15
Net gains on sales of loans		(1,161	)		(1,389	)
Proceeds from sales of loans		31,886			31,153
Origination of loans held for sale		(30,477	)		(32,835	)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest and other assets		838			(520	)
Accrued expenses, taxes, and other liabilities		(1,232	)		(99	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		3,123			(496	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net (increase) decrease in loans		(2,596	)		2,452
Maturities and prepayments of investment securities		12,682			11,069
Purchases of investment securities		(29,692	)		(30,726	)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities		2,535			11,797
Redemption of bank stocks		3,666			1,802
Purchase of bank stocks		(3,700	)		(1,826	)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets		20			233
Purchases of premises and equipment, net		(477	)		(12	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(17,562	)		(5,211	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits		4,003			11,166
Federal Home Loan Bank advance borrowings		233,570			148,857
Federal Home Loan Bank advance repayments		(225,423	)		(154,507	)
Proceeds from other borrowings		-			1,008
Repayments on other borrowings		(766	)		-
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		334			23
Payment of dividends		(821	)		(774	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		10,897			5,773
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(3,542	)		66
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		16,584			19,996
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	13,042		$	20,062

(Continued)

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS, CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,
	2018			2017
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash payments for income taxes	$	-		$	-
Cash paid for interest		973			786

Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loans to real estate owned		-			5
Investment securities purchases not yet settled		(2,512	)		(3,443	)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

LANDMARK BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Interim Financial Statements

The unaudited consolidated financial statements of Landmark Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Landmark National Bank (the “Bank”) and Landmark Risk Management Inc., have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, containing the latest audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. The consolidated financial statements in this report have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, but in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial statements have been reflected herein. The results of the three month interim period ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the year ending December 31, 2018 or any other future time period. The Company has evaluated subsequent events for recognition and disclosure up to the date the financial statements were issued.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all subsequent amendments to the ASU (collectively, “ASC 606”), which (i) creates a single framework for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers that fall within its scope and (ii) revises when it is appropriate to recognize a gain (loss) from the transfer of non-financial assets, such as real estate owned. The majority of the Company’s revenues come from interest income and other sources, including loans, leases, securities and derivatives that are outside the scope of ASC 606. Services within the scope of ASC 606 include deposit service charges on deposits, interchange income, and the sale of real estate owned. Refer to footnote 7 to the financial statements, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, for further discussion on the Company’s accounting policies for revenue sources within the scope of ASC 606.

The Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to all contracts not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with legacy GAAP. The adoption of ASC 606 did not result in a change to the accounting for any of the in-scope revenue streams. As such, no cumulative effect adjustment was recorded.

In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities. The main provisions of the update are to eliminate the available for sale classification of accounting for equity securities and to adjust the fair value disclosures for financial instruments carried at amortized costs such that the disclosed fair values represent an exit price as opposed to an entry price. The provisions of this update will require that equity securities be carried at fair market value on the balance sheet and any periodic changes in value will be adjustments to the income statement. A practical expedient is provided for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value, such that these securities can be carried at cost less any impairment. The provisions of this update became effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018. Effective January 1, 2018, changes in the value of the Company’s common stock investments are adjustments to the income statement. Additionally, the disclosure of fair value of the loan portfolio is presented using an exit price method instead of the discounted cash method previously utilized. Management has concluded that the requirements of this update do not have a material impact to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Payments (a consensus of Emerging Issues Task Force). This ASU attempts to clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The purpose of this update is to reduce existing diversity in practice in eight areas addressed by the update. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not result in any material changes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. Investments

A summary of investment securities available-for-sale is as follows:

	As of March 31, 2018
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized			Estimated
(Dollars in thousands)	cost		gains		losses			fair value

U. S. treasury securities	$	1,999	$	-	$	(38	)	$	1,961
U. S. federal agency obligations		14,554		4		(113	)		14,445
Municipal obligations, tax exempt		183,449		459		(3,442	)		180,466
Municipal obligations, taxable		55,065		91		(615	)		54,541
Agency mortgage-backed securities		141,006		8		(3,310	)		137,704
Certificates of deposit		8,985		-		-			8,985
Total available-for-sale	$	405,058	$	562	$	(7,518	)	$	398,102

	As of December 31, 2017
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized			Estimated
(Dollars in thousands)	cost		gains		losses			fair value

U. S. treasury securities	$	1,999	$	-	$	(9	)	$	1,990
U. S. federal agency obligations		16,572		5		(85	)		16,492
Municipal obligations, tax exempt		183,846		1,972		(1,080	)		184,738
Municipal obligations, taxable		57,783		409		(216	)		57,976
Agency mortgage-backed securities		119,096		92		(1,633	)		117,555
Certificates of deposit		9,224		-		-			9,224
Common stocks		-		8		-			8
Total available-for-sale	$	388,520	$	2,486	$	(3,023	)	$	387,983

The tables above show that some of the securities in the available-for-sale investment portfolio had unrealized losses, or were temporarily impaired, as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. This temporary impairment represents the estimated amount of loss that would be realized if the securities were sold on the valuation date. Securities which were temporarily impaired are shown below, along with the length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position.

			As of March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)			Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total
	No. of		Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	securities		value		losses			value		losses			value		losses
U. S. treasury securities		1	$	1,961	$	(38	)	$	-	$	-		$	1,961	$	(38	)
U.S. federal agency obligations		12		5,969		(46	)		8,248		(67	)		14,217		(113	)
Municipal obligations, tax exempt		317		95,894		(1,829	)		30,798		(1,613	)		126,692		(3,442	)
Municipal obligations, taxable		105		35,148		(445	)		9,850		(170	)		44,998		(615	)
Agency mortgage-backed securities		101		99,117		(1,730	)		37,917		(1,580	)		137,034		(3,310	)
Total		536	$	238,089	$	(4,088	)	$	86,813	$	(3,430	)	$	324,902	$	(7,518	)

			As of December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)			Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total
	No. of		Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	securities		value		losses			value		losses			value		losses
U. S. treasury securities		1	$	1,990	$	(9	)	$	-	$	-		$	1,990	$	(9	)
U. S. federal agency obligations		14		7,989		(24	)		8,272		(61	)		16,261	$	(85	)
Municipal obligations, tax exempt		178		37,299		(273	)		31,930		(807	)		69,229	$	(1,080	)
Municipal obligations, taxable		73		18,792		(96	)		9,744		(120	)		28,536	$	(216	)
Agency mortgage-backed securities		79		68,630		(620	)		39,844		(1,013	)		108,474	$	(1,633	)
Total		345	$	134,700	$	(1,022	)	$	89,790	$	(2,001	)	$	224,490	$	(3,023	)

The Company’s U.S. treasury portfolio consists of securities issued by the United States Department of the Treasury. The receipt of principal and interest on U.S. treasury securities is guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Based on these factors, along with the Company’s intent to not sell the security and its belief that it was more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, the Company believed that the U.S. treasury security identified in the table above was temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Company’s U.S. federal agency portfolio consists of securities issued by the government-sponsored agencies of Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). The receipt of principal and interest on U.S. federal agency obligations is guaranteed by the respective government-sponsored agency guarantor, such that the Company believes that its U.S. federal agency obligations do not expose the Company to credit-related losses. Based on these factors, along with the Company’s intent to not sell the securities and its belief that it was more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company believed that the U.S. federal agency obligations identified in the tables above were temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Company’s portfolio of municipal obligations consists of both tax-exempt and taxable general obligations securities issued by various municipalities. As of March 31, 2018, the Company did not intend to sell and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell its municipal obligations in an unrealized loss position until the recovery of its cost. Due to the issuers’ continued satisfaction of the securities’ obligations in accordance with their contractual terms and the expectation that they will continue to do so, the evaluation of the fundamentals of the issuers’ financial condition and other objective evidence, the Company believed that the municipal obligations identified in the tables above were temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Company’s agency mortgage-backed securities portfolio consists of securities underwritten to the standards of and guaranteed by the government-sponsored agencies of FHLMC, FNMA and the Government National Mortgage Association. The receipt of principal, at par, and interest on agency mortgage-backed securities is guaranteed by the respective government-sponsored agency guarantor, such that the Company believed that its agency mortgage-backed securities did not expose the Company to credit-related losses. Based on these factors, along with the Company’s intent to not sell the securities and the Company’s belief that it was more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, the Company believed that the agency mortgage-backed securities identified in the tables above were temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The table below sets forth amortized cost and fair value of investment securities at March 31, 2018. The table includes scheduled principal payments and estimated prepayments, based on observable market inputs, for agency mortgage-backed securities. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Estimated
	cost		fair value
Due in less than one year	$	28,290	$	28,180
Due after one year but within five years		187,173		183,944
Due after five years but within ten years		102,653		100,613
Due after ten years		86,942		85,365
Total	$	405,058	$	398,102

Sales proceeds and gross realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities were as follows for the periods indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017

Sales proceeds	$	2,535	$	11,797

Realized gains	$	35	$	171
Realized losses		-		(24	)
Net realized gains	$	35	$	147

Securities with carrying values of $227.3 million and $232.5 million were pledged to secure public funds on deposit, repurchase agreements and as collateral for borrowings at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Except for U.S. federal agency obligations, no investment in a single issuer exceeded 10% of consolidated stockholders’ equity.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company changed the classification of its common stock investments from available-for-sale with changes in fair value excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of taxes to be carried at fair value with changes in fair value included in net earnings. At March 31, 2018, the Company owned two common stock investments with a fair value of $7,000. During the first quarter of 2018, the fair value declined by $1,000, which was included in other non-interest income.

3. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans consisted of the following as of the dates indicated below:

	March 31,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017

One-to-four family residential real estate	$	134,565		$	136,215
Construction and land		24,372			19,356
Commercial real estate		123,194			120,624
Commercial		52,575			54,591
Agriculture		81,691			83,008
Municipal		3,305			3,396
Consumer		22,516			22,046
Total gross loans		442,218			439,236
Net deferred loan costs and loans in process		(395	)		(34	)
Allowance for loan losses		(5,644	)		(5,459	)
Loans, net	$	436,179		$	433,743

The following tables provide information on the Company’s allowance for loan losses by loan class and allowance methodology:

	Three months ended March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	One-to-four family residential real estate			Construction and land			Commercial real estate		Commercial		Agriculture		Municipal			Consumer			Total

Allowance for loan losses:
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	542		$	181		$	1,540	$	1,226	$	1,812	$	8		$	150		$	5,459
Charge-offs		-			-			-		-		-		-			(33	)		(33	)
Recoveries		1			-			1		1		-		2			13			18
Provision for loan losses		(66	)		(60	)		21		257		55		(3	)		(4	)		200
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	477		$	121		$	1,562	$	1,484	$	1,867	$	7		$	126		$	5,644

	Three months ended March 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)	One-to-four family residential real estate			Construction and land		Commercial real estate			Commercial			Agriculture		Municipal			Consumer			Total

Allowance for loan losses:
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	504		$	53	$	1,777		$	1,119		$	1,684	$	12		$	195		$	5,344
Charge-offs		(19	)		-		-			-			-		-			(107	)		(126	)
Recoveries		1			-		-			8			1		-			49			59
Provision for loan losses		7			18		(37	)		(26	)		46		(1	)		43			50
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	493		$	71	$	1,740		$	1,101		$	1,731	$	11		$	180		$	5,327

	As of March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	One-to-four family residential real estate		Construction and land		Commercial real estate		Commercial		Agriculture		Municipal		Consumer		Total

Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for loss	$	84	$	23	$	15	$	685	$	71	$	-	$	1	$	879
Collectively evaluated for loss		393		98		1,547		799		1,796		7		125		4,765
Total	$	477	$	121	$	1,562	$	1,484	$	1,867	$	7	$	126	$	5,644

Loan balances:
Individually evaluated for loss	$	740	$	1,780	$	3,922	$	2,024	$	776	$	126	$	40	$	9,408
Collectively evaluated for loss		133,825		22,592		119,272		50,551		80,915		3,179		22,476		432,810
Total	$	134,565	$	24,372	$	123,194	$	52,575	$	81,691	$	3,305	$	22,516	$	442,218

	As of December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)	One-to-four family residential real estate		Construction and land		Commercial real estate		Commercial		Agriculture		Municipal		Consumer		Total

Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for loss	$	73	$	102	$	52	$	391	$	24	$	-	$	-	$	642
Collectively evaluated for loss		469		79		1,488		835		1,788		8		150		4,817
Total	$	542	$	181	$	1,540	$	1,226	$	1,812	$	8	$	150	$	5,459

Loan balances:
Individually evaluated for loss	$	747	$	2,031	$	3,973	$	2,002	$	833	$	140	$	34	$	9,760
Collectively evaluated for loss		135,468		17,325		116,651		52,589		82,175		3,256		22,012		429,476
Total	$	136,215	$	19,356	$	120,624	$	54,591	$	83,008	$	3,396	$	22,046	$	439,236

The Company recorded net loan charge-offs of $15,000 during the first quarter of 2018 compared to net loan charge-offs of $67,000 during the first quarter of 2017.

The Company’s impaired loans decreased from $9.8 million at December 31, 2017 to $9.4 million at March 31, 2018. The difference between the unpaid contractual principal and the impaired loan balance is a result of charge-offs recorded against impaired loans. The difference in the Company’s non-accrual loan balances and impaired loan balances at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, was related to troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) that are current and accruing interest, but still classified as impaired. Interest income recognized on a cash basis was immaterial during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. The following tables present information on impaired loans:

(Dollars in thousands)	As of March 31, 2018
	Unpaid contractual principal		Impaired loan balance		Impaired loans without an allowance		Impaired loans with an allowance		Related allowance recorded		Year-to-date average loan balance		Year-to-date interest income recognized

One-to-four family residential real estate	$	740	$	740	$	467	$	273	$	84	$	746	$	2
Construction and land		3,515		1,780		417		1,363		23		1,797		15.00
Commercial real estate		3,922		3,922		3,884		38		15		3,925		122.00
Commercial		2,024		2,024		7		2,017		685		2,041		-
Agriculture		991		776		517		259		71		791		-
Municipal		126		126		126		-		-		138		-
Consumer		40		40		33		7		1		40		-
Total impaired loans	$	11,358	$	9,408	$	5,451	$	3,957	$	879	$	9,478	$	139

(Dollars in thousands)	As of December 31, 2017
	Unpaid contractual principal		Impaired loan balance		Impaired loans without an allowance		Impaired loans with an allowance		Related allowance recorded		Year-to-date average loan balance		Year-to-date interest income recognized

One-to-four family residential real estate	$	747	$	747	$	503	$	244	$	73	$	774	$	8
Construction and land		3,766		2,031		430		1,601		102		2,033		65
Commercial real estate		3,973		3,973		3,888		85		52		3,989		490
Commercial		2,002		2,002		11		1,991		391		2,082		-
Agriculture		1,048		833		545		288		24		912		1
Municipal		140		140		140		-		-		192		5
Consumer		34		34		34		-		-		35		-
Total impaired loans	$	11,710	$	9,760	$	5,551	$	4,209	$	642	$	10,017	$	569

The Company’s key credit quality indicator is a loan’s performance status, defined as accruing or non-accruing. Performing loans are considered to have a lower risk of loss. Non-accrual loans are those which the Company believes have a higher risk of loss. The accrual of interest on non-performing loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent, unless the credit is well secured and in process of collection. Loans are placed on non-accrual or are charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. There were no loans 90 days or more delinquent and accruing interest at March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

The following tables present information on the Company’s past due and non-accrual loans by loan class:

(Dollars in thousands)	As of March 31, 2018
	30-59 days delinquent and accruing			60-89 days delinquent and accruing			90 days or more delinquent and accruing			Total past due loans accruing			Non-accrual loans			Total past due and non-accrual loans			Total loans not past due

One-to-four family residential real estate	$	314		$	-		$	-		$	314		$	549		$	863		$	133,702
Construction and land		-			-			-			-			581			581			23,791
Commercial real estate		-			-			-			-			1,794			1,794			121,400
Commercial		166			356			-			522			2,024			2,546			50,029
Agriculture		177			75			-			252			776			1,028			80,663
Municipal		-			-			-			-			-			-			3,305
Consumer		35			2			-			37			40			77			22,439
Total	$	692		$	433		$	-		$	1,125		$	5,764		$	6,889		$	435,329

Percent of gross loans		0.16	%		0.10	%		0.00	%		0.26	%		1.30	%		1.56	%		98.44	%

(Dollars in thousands)	As of December 31, 2017
	30-59 days delinquent and accruing			60-89 days delinquent and accruing			90 days or more delinquent and accruing			Total past due loans accruing			Non-accrual loans			Total past due and non-accrual loans			Total loans not past due

One-to-four family residential real estate	$	101		$	313		$	-		$	414		$	552		$	966		$	135,249
Construction and land		-			4			-			4			779			783			18,573
Commercial real estate		22			209			-			231			1,841			2,072			118,552
Commercial		-			397			-			397			2,002			2,399			52,192
Agriculture		-			-			-			-			833			833			82,175
Municipal		-			-			-			-			-			-			3,396
Consumer		105			204			-			309			34			343			21,703
Total	$	228		$	1,127		$	-		$	1,355		$	6,041		$	7,396		$	431,840

Percent of gross loans		0.05	%		0.26	%		0.00	%		0.31	%		1.38	%		1.68	%		98.32	%

Under the original terms of the Company’s non-accrual loans, interest earned on such loans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 would have increased interest income by $76,000 and $31,000, respectively. No interest income related to non-accrual loans was included in interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

The Company also categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. Nonclassified loans generally include those loans that are expected to be repaid in accordance with contractual loan terms. Classified loans are those that are assigned a special mention, substandard or doubtful risk rating using the following definitions:

Special Mention: Loans are currently protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged but such protection is potentially weak. These loans constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor, yet constitutes an unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific asset.

Substandard: Loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. Loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following table provides information on the Company’s risk categories by loan class:

	As of March 31, 2018				As of December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Nonclassified		Classified		Nonclassified		Classified

One-to-four family residential real estate	$	133,478	$	1,087	$	135,475	$	740
Construction and land		23,791		581		18,577		779
Commercial real estate		117,401		5,793		114,736		5,888
Commercial		46,215		6,360		52,313		2,278
Agriculture		73,641		8,050		76,455		6,553
Municipal		3,305		-		3,396		-
Consumer		22,476		40		22,006		40
Total	$	420,307	$	21,911	$	422,958	$	16,278

At March 31, 2018, the Company had eleven loan relationships consisting of eighteen outstanding loans that were classified as TDRs. There were no loans classified as TDRs during the first three months of 2018. During the first three months of 2017, the Company classified an $11,000 commercial real estate loan as a TDR after extending the maturity of the loan and classified as a TDR a $15,000 agriculture loan extended to an existing loan relationship that was classified as a TDR in 2016. Since the loans were adequately secured, no charge-offs or impairments were recorded against the principal during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

The Company evaluates each TDR individually and returns the loan to accrual status when a payment history is established after the restructuring and future payments are reasonably assured. There were no loans modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within 12 months of modification as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. At March 31, 2018, there was a commitment of $8,000 to lend additional funds on one construction and land loan classified as a TDR. The Company did not record any charge-offs against loans classified as TDRs in the first quarter of 2018 or 2017. A credit provision for loan losses of $33,000 and $13,000 related to TDRs was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company had $94,000 and $127,000 allowance for loan losses recorded against loans classified as TDRs at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The following table presents information on loans that are classified as TDRs:

(Dollars in thousands)
	As of March 31, 2018						As of December 31, 2017
	Number of loans		Non-accrual balance		Accruing balance		Number of loans		Non-accrual balance		Accruing balance

One-to-four family residential real estate		2	$	-	$	191		2	$	-	$	194
Construction and land		4		571		1,199		4		575		1,252
Commercial real estate		2		-		2,128		3		45		2,133
Agriculture		8		444		-		9		471		-
Municipal		2		-		126		2		-		140
Total troubled debt restructurings		18	$	1,015	$	3,644		20	$	1,091	$	3,719

4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently if circumstances warrant. The Company’s annual step one impairment test as of December 31, 2017 concluded that its goodwill was not impaired. The Company concluded there were no triggering events during the first three months of 2018 that required an interim goodwill impairment test.

Lease intangible assets are amortized over the life of the lease. Core deposit intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful life of ten years on an accelerated basis. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized over the estimated life of the mortgage loan serviced for others. A summary of the other intangible assets that continue to be subject to amortization is as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	As of March 31, 2018
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Net carrying amount
Core deposit intangible assets	$	2,067	$	(1,435	)	$	632
Lease intangible asset		350		(200	)		150
Mortgage servicing rights		6,351		(3,629	)		2,722
Total other intangible assets	$	8,768	$	(5,264	)	$	3,504

(Dollars in thousands)	As of December 31, 2017
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Net carrying amount
Core deposit intangible assets	$	2,067	$	(1,381	)	$	686
Lease intangible asset		350		(188	)		162
Mortgage servicing rights		6,285		(3,474	)		2,811
Total other intangible assets	$	8,702	$	(5,043	)	$	3,659

The following sets forth estimated amortization expense for core deposit and lease intangible assets for the remainder of 2018 and in successive years ending December 31:

(Dollars in thousands)	Amortization
	expense
Remainder of 2018	$	186
2019		214
2020		177
2021		121
2022		58
Thereafter		26
Total	$	782

Mortgage loans serviced for others are not reported as assets. The following table provides information on the principal balances of mortgage loans serviced for others:

(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,		December 31,
	2018		2017
FHLMC	$	520,375	$	517,863
FHLB		9,587		9,782
Total	$	529,962	$	527,645

Custodial escrow balances maintained in connection with serviced loans were $7.8 million and $4.4 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Gross service fee income related to such loans was $336,000 and $319,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is included in fees and service charges in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Activity for mortgage servicing rights is as follows:

	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,
	2018			2017
Mortgage servicing rights:
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,811		$	2,849
Additions		122			161
Amortization		(211	)		(223	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,722		$	2,787

The fair value of mortgage servicing rights was $6.1 million and $5.6 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Fair value at March 31, 2018 was determined using discount rates ranging from 9.00% to 11.00%; prepayment speeds ranging from 6.00% to 20.88%, depending on the stratification of the specific mortgage servicing right; and a weighted average default rate of 1.30%. Fair value at December 31, 2017 was determined using discount rates ranging from 9.50% to 9.59%, prepayment speeds ranging from 5.23% to 33.39%, depending on the stratification of the specific mortgage servicing right, and a weighted average default rate of 2.26%.

The Company had a mortgage repurchase reserve of $235,000 at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which represents the Company’s best estimate of probable losses that the Company will incur related to the repurchase of one-to-four family residential real estate loans previously sold or to reimburse investors for credit losses incurred on loans previously sold where a breach of the contractual representations and warranties occurred. The Company did not incur any losses charged against the reserve or make any provisions to the reserve during the first three months of 2018 and 2017.

5. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share have been computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share include the effect of all potential common shares outstanding during each period. The diluted earnings per share computations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 include all unexercised stock options because no stock options were anti-dilutive as of such dates. The shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share are shown below:

	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	March 31,
	2018		2017
Net earnings	$	2,099	$	2,205

Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (1)		4,107,812		4,063,289
Assumed exercise of stock options (1)		43,170		83,106
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (1)		4,150,982		4,146,395
Net earnings per share (1):
Basic	$	0.51	$	0.54
Diluted	$	0.51	$	0.54

(1)

Share and per share values for the period ended March 31, 2017 have been adjusted to give effect to the 5% stock dividend paid during December 2017.

6. Repurchase Agreements

The Company has overnight repurchase agreements with certain deposit customers whereby the Company uses investment securities as collateral for non-insured funds. These balances are accounted for as collateralized financing and included in other borrowings on the balance sheet. The following is a summary of the balances and collateral of the Company’s repurchase agreements:

	As of March 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Overnight and						Greater
	Continuous		Up to 30 days		30-90 days		than 90 days		Total
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. federal treasury obligations	$	424	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	424
U.S. federal agency obligations		4,618		-		-		-		4,618
Agency mortgage-backed securities		7,701		-		-		-		7,701
Total	$	12,743	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	12,743

	As of December 31, 2017
	Overnight and						Greater
	Continuous		Up to 30 days		30-90 days		than 90 days		Total
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. federal agency obligations	$	5,147	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	5,147
Agency mortgage-backed securities		8,362		-		-		-		8,362
Total	$	13,509	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	13,509

Repurchase agreements are comprised of non-insured customer funds, totaling $12.7 million at March 31, 2018 and $13.5 million at December 31, 2017, which were secured by $16.8 million and $16.8 million of the Company’s investment portfolio at the same dates, respectively.

The investment securities are held by a third party financial institution in the customer’s custodial account. The Company is required to maintain adequate collateral for each repurchase agreement. Changes in the fair value of the investment securities impact the amount of collateral required. If the Company were to default, the investment securities would be used to settle the repurchase agreement with the deposit customer.

7. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within non-interest income. Items outside the scope of ASC 606 are noted as such.

	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,
	2018		2017
Non-interest income:
Service charges on deposits
Overdraft fees	$	797	$	854
Other		138		145
Interchange income		442		361
Loan servicing fees (1)		336		319
Office lease income (1)		152		150
Gains on sales of loans (1)		1,161		1,389
Bank owned life insurance income (1)		159		117
Gains on sales of investment securities (1)		35		147
Gains (losses) on sales of real estate owned		1		(15	)
Other		180		174
Total non-interest income	$	3,401	$	3,641

(1)

Not within the scope of ASC 606.

A description of the Company’s revenue streams under ASC 606 follows:

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

The Company earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include services such as ATM usage fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering, and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period during which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

Interchange Income

The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted through the interchange payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder.

Gains (Losses) on Sales of Real Estate Owned

The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of real estate owned when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of real estate owned to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the real estate owned asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain (loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present. There were no sales of real estate owned that were financed by the Company during the first three months of 2018 or 2017.

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Fair value estimates of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, including methods and assumptions utilized, are set forth below:

(Dollars in thousands)	As of March 31, 2018
	Carrying
	amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,042		$	13,042		$	-		$	-	$	13,042
Investment securities available-for-sale		398,102			1,961			396,141			-		398,102
Common stocks		7			7			-			-		7
Bank stocks, at cost		5,457			n/a			n/a			n/a		n/a
Loans, net		436,179			-			-			440,680		440,680
Loans held for sale		6,287			-			6,287			-		6,287
Derivative financial instruments		794			-			794			-		794
Accrued interest receivable		4,233			10			2,074			2,149		4,233

Financial liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits	$	(641,849	)	$	(641,849	)	$	-		$	-		(641,849	)
Time deposits		(127,712	)		-			(125,388	)		-		(125,388	)
FHLB borrowings		(39,747	)		-			(39,777	)		-		(39,777	)
Subordinated debentures		(21,534	)		-			(19,459	)		-		(19,459	)
Other borrowings		(12,743	)		-			(12,743	)		-		(12,743	)
Accrued interest payable		(258	)		-			(258	)		-		(258	)

	As of December 31, 2017
	Carrying
	amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,584		$	16,584		$	-		$	-	$	16,584
Investment securities available-for-sale		387,983			1,998			385,985			-		387,983
Bank stocks, at cost		5,423			n/a			n/a			n/a		n/a
Loans, net		433,743			-			-			436,910		436,910
Loans held for sale		6,535			-			6,535			-		6,535
Derivative financial instruments		395			-			395			-		395
Accrued interest receivable		4,409			20			2,234			2,155		4,409

Financial liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits	$	(642,281	)	$	(642,281	)	$	-		$	-		(642,281	)
Time deposits		(123,277	)		-			(121,298	)		-		(121,298	)
FHLB borrowings		(31,600	)		-			(31,706	)		-		(31,706	)
Subordinated debentures		(21,484	)		-			(19,134	)		-		(19,134	)
Other borrowings		(13,509	)		-			(13,509	)		-		(13,509	)
Accrued interest payable		(274	)		-			(274	)		-		(274	)

Methods and Assumptions Utilized

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents is considered to approximate fair value.

The Company’s investment securities classified as available-for-sale include U.S. treasury securities, U.S. federal agency obligations, municipal obligations, agency mortgage-backed securities and certificates of deposits. Quoted exchange prices are available for the Company’s U.S treasury securities, which are classified as Level 1. U.S. federal agency securities and agency mortgage-backed securities are priced utilizing industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. These measurements are classified as Level 2. Municipal obligations are valued using a type of matrix, or grid, pricing in which securities are benchmarked against U.S. treasury rates based on credit rating. These model and matrix measurements are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s common stock investments are valued based on quoted exchange prices and classified as Level 1. As of January 1, 2018, the common stocks were transferred out of the available-for-sale classification.

It is not practical to determine the fair value of bank stocks due to restrictions placed on the transferability of FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock.

Effective January 1, 2018, the estimated fair value of the Company’s loan portfolio is based on the segregation of loans by collateral type, interest terms, and maturities. The fair value is estimated based on discounting scheduled and estimated cash flows through maturity using appropriate market inputs to arrive at a discount rate that reflects exit pricing as prescribed in ASC Topic 820. The market inputs utilize market trading information in the calculation of loan fair values and is classified as Level 3. Prior to January 1, 2018, the fair value was estimated based on discounting scheduled and estimated cash flows through maturity using an appropriate risk-adjusted yield curve to approximate current interest rates for each category and was classified as Level 3. No adjustment was made to the interest rates for changes in credit risk of performing loans where there are no known credit concerns. The fair values of impaired loans were generally based on market prices for similar assets determined through independent appraisals or discounted values of independent appraisals and brokers’ opinions of value. The difference in methodologies may make the fair value of loans not comparable between current year and prior year periods.

Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value. The mortgage loan valuations are based on quoted secondary market prices for similar loans and are classified as Level 2.

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and payable are considered to approximate fair value.

The estimated fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest-bearing demand deposits, savings, money market accounts, and checking accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of interest-bearing time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows of such deposits. The discount rate is tied to the FHLB yield curve plus an appropriate servicing spread. Fair value measurements based on discounted cash flows are classified as Level 2. These fair values do not incorporate the value of core deposit intangibles which may be associated with the deposit base.

The fair value of advances from the FHLB, subordinated debentures, and other borrowings is estimated using current yield curves for similar borrowings adjusted for the Company’s current credit spread and classified as Level 2.

The Company’s derivative financial instruments consist of interest rate lock commitments and corresponding forward sales contracts on mortgage loans held for sale. The fair values of these derivatives are based on quoted prices for similar loans in the secondary market. The market prices are adjusted by a factor, based on the Company’s historical data and its judgment about future economic trends, which considers the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan. These instruments are classified as Level 2. The amounts are included in other assets or other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and gains on sales of loans, net in the consolidated statements of earnings.

Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments

The fair value of letters of credit and commitments to extend credit is based on the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements. The aggregate amount of these fees is not material.

Transfers

The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities among levels during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Valuation Methods for Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables represent the Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, allocated to the appropriate fair value hierarchy:

(Dollars in thousands)			As of March 31, 2018
			Fair value hierarchy
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:

Available-for-sale investment securities:
U. S. treasury securities	$	1,961	$	1,961	$	-	$	-
U. S. federal agency obligations		14,445		-		14,445		-
Municipal obligations, tax exempt		180,466		-		180,466		-
Municipal obligations, taxable		54,541		-		54,541		-
Mortgage-backed securities		137,704		-		137,704		-
Certificates of deposit		8,985		-		8,985		-
Common stocks		7		7		-		-
Loans held for sale		6,287		-		6,287		-
Derivative financial instruments		794		-		794		-

			As of December 31, 2017
			Fair value hierarchy
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Available-for-sale investment securities:
U. S. treasury securities	$	1,990	$	1,990	$	-	$	-
U. S. federal agency obligations		16,492		-		16,492		-
Municipal obligations, tax exempt		184,738		-		184,738		-
Municipal obligations, taxable		57,976		-		57,976		-
Agency mortgage-backed securities		117,555		-		117,555		-
Certificates of deposit		9,224		-		9,224		-
Common stocks		8		8		-		-
Loans held for sale		6,535		-		6,535		-
Derivative financial instruments		395		-		395		-

Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities are included in other comprehensive income to the extent the changes are not considered other-than-temporary impairments. Other-than-temporary impairment tests are performed on a quarterly basis and any decline in the fair value of an individual security below its cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a write-down of that security’s cost basis.

The aggregate fair value, contractual balance (including accrued interest), and gain on loans held for sale were as follows:

	As of		As of
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Aggregate fair value	$	6,287	$	6,535
Contractual balance		6,271		6,420
Gain	$	16	$	115

The total amount of gains from changes in fair value of loans held for sale included in earnings were as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017
Interest income	$	48		$	45
Change in fair value		(99	)		109
Total change in fair value	$	(51	)	$	154

Valuation Methods for Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company does not value its loan portfolio at fair value. Collateral-dependent impaired loans are generally carried at the lower of cost or fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs. Collateral values are determined based on appraisals performed by qualified licensed appraisers hired by the Company and then further adjusted if warranted based on relevant facts and circumstances. The appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales and income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated at least quarterly for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors identified above. The carrying value of the Company’s impaired loans was $9.4 million and $9.8 million, with an allocated allowance of $879,000 and $642,000, at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Real estate owned includes assets acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure and land previously acquired for expansion. Real estate owned is initially recorded at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Subsequent valuations are updated periodically and are based upon independent appraisals, third party price opinions or internal pricing models. The appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales and income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Real estate owned is reviewed and evaluated at least annually for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors identified above.

The following tables represent the Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 allocated to the appropriate fair value hierarchy:

			As of March 31, 2018						Total
			Fair value hierarchy						(losses)/
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		gains
Assets:
Impaired loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	189	$	-	$	-	$	189	$	(11	)
Construction and land		1,340		-		-		1,340		44
Commercial real estate		23		-		-		23		1
Commercial		1,332		-		-	$	1,332		(294	)
Agriculture		188		-		-	$	188		(47	)
Consumer		6		-		-	$	6		(1	)

			As of December 31, 2017						Total
			Fair value hierarchy						(losses)/
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		gains
Assets:
Impaired loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	171	$	-	$	-	$	171	$	(73	)
Construction and land		1,499		-		-		1,499		(102	)
Commercial real estate		33		-		-		33		12
Commercial		1,600		-		-		1,600		(304	)
Agriculture		264		-		-		264		65
Real estate owned:
One-to-four family residential real estate		325		-		-		325		(68	)
Commercial real estate		85		-		-		85		(50	)

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Valuation technique	Unobservable inputs	Range
As of March 31, 2018
Impaired loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	189	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		7%-50	%
Construction and land		1,340	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		0%-35	%
Commercial real estate		23	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		0%-20	%
Commercial		1,332	Sales comparison	Adjustment to comparable sales		15%-50	%
Agriculture		188	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		0%-25	%
Consumer		6	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		0%-100	%

As of December 31, 2017
Impaired loans:
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	171	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		16%-50	%
Construction and land		1,499	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		0%-25	%
Commerical real estate		33	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		0%-91	%
Commercial		1,600	Sales comparison	Adjustment to comparable sales		15%-50	%
Agriculture		264	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		0%-50	%
Real estate owned:
One-to-four family residential real estate		325	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		10	%
Commercial real estate		85	Sales comparison	Adjustment to appraised value		10	%

9. Regulatory Capital Requirements

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. Management believed that as of March 31, 2018, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject at that time.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. The Company and the Bank are subject to the capital rules (the “Basel III Rules”) that implemented the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Basel III Rules are applicable to all U.S. banks that are subject to minimum capital requirements, as well as to bank and savings and loan holding companies other than “small bank holding companies” (generally, non-public bank holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $1.0 billion).

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action then in effect. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category.

The following is a comparison of the Company’s regulatory capital to minimum capital requirements at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

						For capital
	Actual					adequacy purposes
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio (1)
As of March 31, 2018
Leverage	$	92,606		10.15	%	$	36,495		4.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		71,723		13.21	%		34,602		6.4	%
Tier 1 Capital		92,606		17.06	%		42,743		7.9	%
Total Risk Based Capital		98,390		18.13	%		53,599		9.9	%

As of December 31, 2017
Leverage	$	88,605		9.80	%	$	36,180		4.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		68,269		12.83	%		30,590		5.8	%
Tier 1 Capital		88,605		16.65	%		38,571		7.3	%
Total Risk Based Capital		94,208		17.71	%		49,211		9.3	%

(1)

The required ratios for capital adequacy purposes include a capital conservation buffer of 1.875% for March 31, 2018 and 1.25% for December 31, 2017

The following is a comparison of the Bank’s regulatory capital to minimum capital requirements at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

											To be well-capitalized
											under prompt
						For capital					corrective
(Dollars in thousands)	Actual					adequacy purposes					action provisions
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio(1)			Amount		Ratio
As of March 31, 2018
Leverage	$	91,084		10.01	%	$	36,401		4.0	%	$	45,502		5.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		91,084		16.71	%		34,755		6.4	%		35,437		6.5	%
Tier 1 Capital		91,084		16.71	%		42,933		7.9	%		43,614		8.0	%
Total Risk Based Capital		96,868		17.77	%		53,836		9.9	%		54,518		10.0	%

As of December 31, 2017
Leverage	$	86,808		9.62	%	$	36,097		4.0	%	$	45,122		5.0	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		86,808		16.35	%		30,529		5.8	%		34,511		6.5	%
Tier 1 Capital		86,808		16.35	%		38,493		7.3	%		42,475		8.0	%
Total Risk Based Capital		92,407		17.40	%		49,112		9.3	%		53,094		10.0	%

(1)	The required ratios for capital adequacy purposes include a capital conservation buffer of 1.875% for March 31, 2018 and 1.25% for December 31, 2017.

10. Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued an update (ASU No. 2016-02, Leases) creating FASB Topic 842, Leases. The guidance is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring more disclosures related to leasing transactions. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Management has concluded that based on the Company’s current operating leases, the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), commonly referred to as “CECL.” The provisions of the update eliminate the probable initial recognition threshold under current GAAP which requires reserves to be based on an incurred loss methodology. Under CECL, reserves required for financial assets measured at amortized cost will reflect an organization’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected term of the financial asset and thereby require the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts to estimate future credit losses. Because CECL encompasses all financial assets carried at amortized cost, the requirement that reserves be established based on an organization’s reasonable and supportable estimate of expected credit losses extends to held to maturity debt securities. Under the provisions of the update, credit losses recognized on available for sale debt securities will be presented as an allowance as opposed to a write-down. In addition, CECL will modify the accounting for purchased loans, with credit deterioration since origination, so that reserves are established at the date of acquisition for purchased loans. Under current GAAP a purchased loan’s contractual balance is adjusted to fair value through a credit discount and no reserve is recorded on the purchased loan upon acquisition. Since under CECL reserves will be established for purchased loans at the time of acquisition, the accounting for purchased loans is made more comparable to the accounting for originated loans. Finally, increased disclosure requirements under CECL oblige organizations to present the currently required credit quality disclosures disaggregated by the year of origination or vintage. FASB expects that the evaluation of underwriting standards and credit quality trends by financial statement users will be enhanced with the additional vintage disclosures. For public entities, the amendments of the update are effective beginning January 1, 2020. Management has initiated an implementation committee to assist in assessing data and system needs for the new standard. Management anticipates the effect will be an increase to the allowance for loan losses upon adoption. However, the size of the overall increase is uncertain at this time.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The amendments in this update shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The provisions of this update become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Management has concluded that based on the Company’s current portfolio of investment securities that the adoption of these amendments will result in a shorter amortization period for investment security premiums; however, the impact will not be material to interest income on investment securities.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview. Landmark Bancorp, Inc. is a financial holding company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and is engaged in the banking business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Landmark National Bank and in the insurance business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Landmark Risk Management, Inc. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer collectively to Landmark Bancorp, Inc., Landmark National Bank and Landmark Risk Management, Inc. The Company is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “LARK.” The Bank is dedicated to providing quality financial and banking services to its local communities. Our strategy includes continuing a tradition of holding and acquiring quality assets while growing our commercial, commercial real estate and agriculture loan portfolios. We are committed to developing relationships with our borrowers and providing a total banking service.

The Bank is principally engaged in the business of attracting deposits from the general public and using such deposits, together with borrowings and other funds, to originate one-to-four family residential real estate, construction and land, commercial real estate, commercial, agriculture, municipal and consumer loans. Although not our primary business function, we do invest in certain investment and mortgage-related securities using deposits and other borrowings as funding sources.

Landmark Risk Management, Inc., which was formed and began operations on May 31, 2017, is a Nevada-based captive insurance company which provides property and casualty insurance coverage to the Company and the Bank for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today’s insurance marketplace. Landmark Risk Management, Inc. pools resources with several other similar insurance company subsidiaries of financial institutions to spread a limited amount of risk among themselves. Landmark Risk Management, Inc. is subject to the regulations of the State of Nevada and undergoes periodic examinations by the Nevada Division of Insurance.

Our results of operations depend generally on net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from interest-earning assets and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is affected by regulatory, economic and competitive factors that influence interest rates, loan demand and deposit flows. In addition, we are subject to interest rate risk to the degree that our interest-earning assets mature or reprice at different times, or at different speeds, than our interest-bearing liabilities. Our results of operations are also affected by non-interest income, such as service charges, loan fees, gains from the sale of newly originated loans and gains or losses on investments and certain non-interest related items. Our principal operating expenses, aside from interest expense, consist of compensation and employee benefits, occupancy costs, professional fees, federal deposit insurance costs, data processing expenses and provision for loan losses.

We are significantly impacted by prevailing economic conditions, including federal monetary and fiscal policies, and federal regulations of financial institutions. Deposit balances are influenced by numerous factors such as competing investments, the level of income and the personal rate of savings within our market areas. Factors influencing lending activities include the demand for housing and the interest rate pricing competition from other lending institutions.

Currently, our business consists of ownership of the Bank, with its main office in Manhattan, Kansas and twenty- eight additional branch offices in central, eastern, southeast and southwest Kansas, and our ownership of Landmark Risk Management, Inc.

Critical Accounting Policies. Critical accounting policies are those which are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require our management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Our critical accounting policies relate to the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of investment securities, accounting for income taxes and the accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets, all of which involve significant judgment by our management. Information about our critical accounting policies is included under Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Summary of Results. During the first quarter of 2018, we recorded net earnings of $2.1 million, which was a decrease of $106,000 from the $2.2 million of net earnings recorded in the first quarter of 2017. The decrease in net earnings was primarily due to lower non-interest income, higher non-interest expense and a higher provision for loan losses.

The following table summarizes earnings and key performance measures for the periods presented:

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Net earnings:
Net earnings	$	2,099		$	2,205
Basic earnings per share (1)	$	0.51		$	0.54
Diluted earnings per share (1)	$	0.51		$	0.54
Earnings ratios:
Return on average assets (1)		0.92	%		0.98	%
Return on average equity (1)		9.91	%		10.46	%
Equity to total assets		8.99	%		9.39	%
Net interest margin (2) (3)		3.34	%		3.38	%
Dividend payout ratio		39.22	%		35.71	%

	(1)	Per share values for the period ended March 31, 2017 have been adjusted to give effect to the 5% stock dividend paid during December 2017.
	(2)	Ratios have been annualized and are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year.
	(3)	Net interest margin is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis, using a 21% federal tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and a 34% rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Interest Income. Interest income was $7.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, which was an increase of $413,000 as compared to the same period of 2017. Interest income on loans increased $325,000, or 8.2%, to $5.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, compared to the same period of 2017 due primarily to an increase in our average loan balances, which increased from $420.5 million in the first quarter of 2017 to $438.1 million in the first quarter of 2018. Also contributing to the increase in interest income were higher yields on loans, which increased from 4.89% in the first quarter of 2017 to 4.99% in the first quarter of 2018. Interest income on investment securities increased $88,000, or 4.1%, to $2.2 million for the first quarter of 2018, as compared to $2.1 million in the same period of 2017. The increase in interest income on investment securities was primarily the result of an increase in our average balance of tax-exempt investment securities.

Interest Expense. Interest expense during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 increased $187,000, or 22.8%, to $1.0 million as compared to the same period of 2017. Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits increased $203,000, or 60.0%, to $541,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The increase in interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was the result of deposits repricing higher mostly on public funds and an increase in average interest-bearing deposit balances, which increased from $587.6 million in the first quarter of 2017 to $602.4 million in the first quarter of 2018. The average rate of interest-bearing deposits increased 0.13% for the first quarter of 2018 to 0.36% as compared to 0.23% in the same period of 2017. For the first quarter of 2018, interest expense on borrowings decreased $16,000, or 3.3%, to $466,000 as compared to the same period of 2017, due primarily to a decrease in our average outstanding borrowings, which decreased from $71.7 million in the first quarter of 2017 to $67.3 million in the same period of 2018.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $226,000, or 3.6%, to $6.6 million for the first quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017. The increase was a result of a 1.4% increase in average interest-earning assets, from $822.9 million in the first quarter of 2017 to $834.2 million in the first quarter of 2018. Partially offsetting the higher average interest-earning assets were higher rates on interest-bearing liabilities, which contributed to a decrease in net interest margin, on a tax equivalent basis, from 3.38% in the first quarter of 2017 to 3.34% in the same period of 2018. Our net interest income and net interest margin may continue to decline if short-term interest rates continue to increase and we are unable to reprice our loans higher while our cost of interest-bearing deposits and borrowings increase.

See the Average Assets/Liabilities and Rate/Volume tables at the end of Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional details on asset yields, liability rates and net interest margin.

Provision for Loan Losses. We maintain, and our Board of Directors monitors, an allowance for losses on loans. The allowance is established based upon management’s periodic evaluation of known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio, review of significant individual loans and collateral, review of delinquent loans, past loss experience, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers’ ability to repay, current and expected market conditions, and other factors management deems important. Determining the appropriate level of reserves involves a high degree of management judgment and is based upon historical and projected losses in the loan portfolio and the collateral value or discounted cash flows of specifically identified impaired loans. Additionally, allowance policies are subject to periodic review and revision in response to a number of factors, including current market conditions, actual loss experience and management’s expectations.

During the first quarter of 2018, we recorded a provision for loan losses of $200,000 compared to $50,000 during the first quarter of 2017. We recorded net loan charge-offs of $15,000 during the first quarter of 2017 compared to $67,000 during the first quarter of 2017. The provision for loan losses in the first quarter of 2018 was primarily driven by an increase in specific reserves on impaired loans.

For further discussion of the allowance for loan losses, refer to the “Asset Quality and Distribution” section below.

Non-interest Income. Total non-interest income was $3.4 million in the first quarter of 2018, a decrease of $240,000, or 6.6%, compared to the same period of 2017. The decrease in non-interest income was primarily the result of a decline in our gains on sales of loans of $228,000 as a result of decreased volumes of one-to-four family residential real estate loans originated and sold during the first quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017. Also contributing to the decrease in non-interest income was a $112,000 decline on gain on sales of investment securities, which decreased to a gain of $35,000 during the first quarter of 2018, compared to a gain of $147,000 in the same period of 2017.

Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased $379,000, or 5.4%, to $7.4 million for the first quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017. The increase in non-interest expense was primarily the result of an increase of $219,000 in other non-interest expense related to the accrual of loss reserves at our captive insurance subsidiary. Also contributing to the increase in non-interest expense were increases of $98,000 in professional fees and $54,000 in occupancy and equipment. The increase in professional fees is related to costs associated with an audit of internal control over financial reporting related to the new requirements applicable to the Company as an accelerated filer with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The increase in occupancy and equipment is related to various technology expenses and repairs. These increases were partially offset by decreases of $39,000 in foreclosure and real estate owned expenses and $21,000 in amortization of intangibles. The decline in foreclosure and real estate owned expense is the result of a valuation allowance recorded in the first quarter of 2017, while the decrease in amortization of intangibles was primarily due to slower prepayment on our mortgage loans serviced for others.

Income Tax Expense. During the first quarter of 2018, we recorded income tax expense of $256,000, compared to $693,000 during the same period of 2017. The effective tax rate decreased from 23.9% in the first quarter of 2017 to 10.9% in the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017, which decreased the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%.

Financial Condition. Despite measured improvement in certain metrics, general uncertainty with respect to economic conditions in the United States continues to affect our asset quality and performance. The geographic markets in which the Company operates have also been impacted by an economic downturn in the agriculture sector. However, our loan portfolio is diversified across various types of loans and collateral throughout the markets in which we operate. Aside from a few problem loans that management is working to resolve, our asset quality has generally improved over the past few years. Aside from identified problem assets, management believes that the Company continues to have a high quality asset base and solid core earnings, and anticipates that its efforts to run a high quality financial institution with a sound asset base will continue to create a strong foundation for continued growth and profitability in the future.

Asset Quality and Distribution. Our primary investing activities are the origination of one-to-four family residential real estate, construction and land, commercial real estate, commercial, agriculture, municipal and consumer loans and the purchase of investment securities. Total assets increased to $939.0 million at March 31, 2018, compared to $929.5 million at December 31, 2017. The increase in our total assets was primarily the result of an increase in our investment securities, which increased from $388.0 million at December 31, 2017 to $398.1 million at March 31, 2018. Net loans, excluding loans held for sale, totaled $436.2 million at March 31, 2018 compared to $433.7 million at December 31, 2017.

The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on our evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio and changes in the nature and volume of our loan activity. This evaluation, which includes a review of all loans with respect to which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, level of classified loans and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for an appropriate allowance for loan losses. At March 31, 2018, our allowance for loan losses totaled $5.6 million, or 1.28% of gross loans outstanding, compared to $5.5 million, or 1.24% of gross loans outstanding at December 31, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, approximately $21.9 million and $16.3 million, respectively, of loans were considered classified and assigned a risk rating of special mention, substandard or doubtful. These ratings indicate that these loans were identified as potential problem loans having more than normal risk which raised doubts as to the ability of the borrower to comply with present loan repayment terms. Even though borrowers were experiencing moderate cash flow problems as well as some deterioration in collateral value, management believed the allowance was sufficient to cover the risks and probable incurred losses related to such loans at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Loans past due 30-89 days and still accruing interest totaled $1.1 million, or 0.26% of gross loans, at March 31, 2018 compared to $1.4 million, or 0.31% of gross loans, at December 31, 2017. At March 31, 2018, $5.8 million in loans were on non-accrual status, or 1.30% of gross loans, compared to $6.0 million, or 1.38% of gross loans, at December 31, 2017. Non-accrual loans consist of loans 90 or more days past due and certain impaired loans. There were no loans 90 days delinquent and accruing interest at March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017. Our impaired loans totaled $9.4 million at March 31, 2018 compared to $9.8 million at December 31, 2017. The difference in the Company’s non-accrual loan balances and impaired loan balances at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was related to TDRs that were accruing interest but still classified as impaired.

At March 31, 2018, the Company had eleven loan relationships consisting of eighteen outstanding loans that were classified as TDRs. No loan restructurings were classified as TDR’s during the first three months of 2018. During the first three months of 2017, the Company classified an $11,000 commercial real estate loan as a TDR after extending the maturity of the loan and classified as a TDR a $15,000 agriculture loan extended to an existing loan relationship that was classified as a TDR in 2016. Since the loans were adequately secured, no charge-offs or impairments were recorded against the principal as of March 31, 2017.

As part of our credit risk management, we continue to manage the loan portfolio to identify problem loans and have placed additional emphasis on commercial real estate and construction and land relationships. We are working to resolve the remaining problem credits or move the non-performing credits out of the loan portfolio. At March 31, 2018, we had $416,000 of real estate owned compared to $436,000 at December 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2018, real estate owned primarily consisted of four residential real estate properties and one commercial property. The Company is currently marketing all of the remaining properties in real estate owned.

Liability Distribution. Our primary ongoing sources of funds are deposits, FHLB borrowings, proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans and investment securities and proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans and investment securities. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates and economic conditions. We experienced an increase of $4.0 million in total deposits during the first quarter of 2018, to $769.6 million at March 31, 2018, from $765.6 million at December 31, 2017. The increase in deposits was primarily due to increased balances in non-interest bearing, savings accounts and time deposit accounts. This increase was partially offset by lower balances of money market and checking accounts.

Non-interest-bearing deposits at March 31, 2018, were $170.1 million, or 22.1% of deposits, compared to $160.5 million, or 21.0% of deposits, at December 31, 2017. Money market and checking deposit accounts were 48.7% of our deposit portfolio and totaled $374.6 million at March 31, 2018, compared to $388.3 million, or 50.7% of deposits, at December 31, 2017. Savings accounts increased to $97.1 million, or 12.6% of deposits, at March 31, 2018, from $93.5 million, or 12.2% of deposits, at December 31, 2017. Certificates of deposit totaled $127.7 million, or 16.6% of deposits, at March 31, 2018, compared to $123.3 million, or 16.1% of deposits, at December 31, 2017.

Certificates of deposit at March 31, 2018, scheduled to mature in one year or less, totaled $90.6 million. Historically, maturing deposits have generally remained with the Bank, and we believe that a significant portion of the deposits maturing in one year or less will remain with us upon maturity in some type of deposit account.

Total borrowings increased $7.4 million to $74.0 million at March 31, 2018, from $66.6 million at December 31, 2017. The increase in total borrowings was primarily due to an increase in our FHLB borrowings from $31.6 million at December 31, 2017 to $39.7 million at March 31, 2018, which was primarily the result of asset growth.

Cash Flows. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $3.5 million. Our operating activities provided net cash of $3.1 million during the first three months of 2018. Our investing activities used net cash of $17.6 million during the first three months of 2018, primarily as a result of the purchase of investment securities. Financing activities provided net cash of $10.9 million during the first three months of 2018, primarily as a result of increased FHLB borrowings and deposit balances.

Liquidity. Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents and investment securities available for sale. The levels of these assets are dependent on the operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given year. These liquid assets totaled $411.2 million at March 31, 2018 and $404.6 million at December 31, 2017. During periods in which we are not able to originate a sufficient amount of loans and/or periods of high principal prepayments, we generally increase our liquid assets by investing in short-term, high-grade investments.

Liquidity management is both a daily and long-term function of our strategy. Excess funds are generally invested in short-term investments. Excess funds are typically generated as a result of increased deposit balances, while uses of excess funds are generally deposit withdrawals and loan advances. In the event we require funds beyond our ability to generate them internally, additional funds are generally available through the use of FHLB advances, a line of credit with the FHLB, other borrowings or through sales of investment securities. At March 31, 2018, we had outstanding FHLB advances of $10.0 million and $29.7 million of borrowings against our line of credit with the FHLB. At March 31, 2018, we had collateral pledged to the FHLB that would allow us to borrow an additional $57.0 million, subject to FHLB credit requirements and policies. At March 31, 2018, we had no borrowings through the Federal Reserve discount window, while our borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve was $14.2 million. We also have various other federal funds agreements, both secured and unsecured, with correspondent banks totaling approximately $30.0 million in available credit under which we had no outstanding borrowings at March 31, 2018. At March 31, 2018, we had subordinated debentures totaling $21.5 million and other borrowings of $12.7 million, which consisted of repurchase agreements. At March 31, 2018, the Company had no borrowings against a $7.5 million line of credit from an unrelated financial institution maturing on November 1, 2018, with an interest rate that adjusts daily based on the prime rate less 0.25%. This line of credit has covenants specific to capital and other financial ratios, which the Company was in compliance with at March 31, 2018.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements. As a provider of financial services, we routinely issue financial guarantees in the form of financial and performance standby letters of credit. Standby letters of credit are contingent commitments issued by us generally to guarantee the payment or performance obligation of a customer to a third party. While these standby letters of credit represent a potential outlay by us, a significant amount of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon. We have recourse against the customer for any amount the customer is required to pay to a third party under a standby letter of credit. The letters of credit are subject to the same credit policies, underwriting standards and approval process as loans made by us. Most of the standby letters of credit are secured, and in the event of nonperformance by the customers, we have the right to the underlying collateral, which could include commercial real estate, physical plant and property, inventory, receivables, cash and marketable securities. The contract amount of these standby letters of credit, which represents the maximum potential future payments guaranteed by us, was $810,000 at March 31, 2018.

At March 31, 2018, we had outstanding loan commitments, excluding standby letters of credit, of $83.6 million. We anticipate that sufficient funds will be available to meet current loan commitments. These commitments consist of unfunded lines of credit and commitments to finance real estate loans.

Capital. Current regulatory capital regulations require financial institutions (including banks and bank holding companies) to meet certain regulatory capital requirements. The Company and the Bank are subject to the Basel III Rules that implemented the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Basel III Rules are applicable to all U.S. banks that are subject to minimum capital requirements, as well as to bank and savings and loan holding companies other than “small bank holding companies” (generally, non-public bank holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $1.0 billion).

The Basel III Rules require a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets minimum ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets minimum ratio of 6.0%, a Total Capital to risk-weighted assets minimum ratio of 8.0%, and a Tier 1 leverage minimum ratio of 4.0%. A capital conservation buffer, comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital, is also established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, was 1.25% effective on January 1, 2017, was 1.875% effective on January 1, 2018, and will increase to 2.5% on January 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank was rated “well capitalized,” which is the highest rating available under the regulatory capital regulations framework for prompt corrective action. Management believed that as of March 31, 2018, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject.

Dividends. During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, we paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share to our stockholders.

The payment of dividends by any financial institution or its holding company is affected by the requirement to maintain adequate capital pursuant to applicable capital adequacy guidelines and regulations. In addition, under the Basel III Rules, financial institutions have to maintain 2.5% in common equity tier 1 attributable to the capital conservation buffer in order to pay dividends and do other capital distributions. As described above, the Bank exceeded its minimum capital requirements under applicable guidelines as of March 31, 2018. The National Bank Act imposes limitations on the amount of dividends that a national bank may pay without prior regulatory approval. Generally, the amount is limited to the bank’s current year’s net earnings plus the adjusted retained earnings for the two preceding years. As of March 31, 2018, approximately $10.7 million was available to be paid as dividends to the Company by the Bank without prior regulatory approval.

Additionally, our ability to pay dividends is limited by the subordinated debentures that are held by three business trusts that we control. Interest payments on the debentures must be paid before we pay dividends on our capital stock, including our common stock. We have the right to defer interest payments on the debentures for up to 20 consecutive quarters. However, if we elect to defer interest payments, all deferred interest must be paid before we may pay dividends on our capital stock.

Average Assets/Liabilities. The following table reflects the tax-equivalent yields earned on average interest-earning assets and costs of average interest-bearing liabilities for the periods indicated (derived by dividing income or expense by the monthly average balance of assets or liabilities, respectively) as well as “net interest margin” (which reflects the effect of the net earnings balance) for the periods shown:

	Three months ended March 31, 2018							Three months ended March 31, 2017
	Average balance		Income/ expense		Average yield/cost			Average balance		Income/ expense		Average yield/cost
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits at banks	$	1,406	$	6		1.73	%	$	8,809	$	17		0.83	%
Investment securities (1)		394,764		2,478		2.55	%		393,540		2,586		2.66	%
Loans receivable, net (2)		438,061		5,386		4.99	%		420,523		5,072		4.89	%
Total interest-earning assets		834,231		7,870		3.83	%		822,872		7,675		3.78	%
Non-interest-earning assets		93,176							91,034
Total	$	927,407						$	913,906

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Money market and checking	$	379,995	$	368		0.39	%	$	355,342	$	181		0.21	%
Savings accounts		94,953		7		0.03	%		91,277		7		0.03	%
Time deposits		127,447		166		0.53	%		140,975		150		0.43	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		602,395		541		0.36	%		587,594		338		0.23	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings		67,318		466		2.81	%		71,738		482		2.72	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		669,713		1,007		0.61	%		659,332		820		0.50	%
Non-interest-bearing liabilities		171,788							169,077
Stockholders' equity		85,906							85,497
Total	$	927,407						$	913,906

Interest rate spread (3)						3.22	%						3.28	%
Net interest margin (4)			$	6,863		3.34	%			$	6,855		3.38	%
Tax-equivalent interest - imputed				269							487
Net interest income			$	6,594						$	6,368

Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities						124.6	%						124.9	%

(1)	Income on tax exempt securities is presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis, using a 21% federal tax rate for 2018 and a 34% federal tax rate for 2017.
(2)	Includes loans classified as non-accrual. Income on tax-exempt loans is presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis, using a 21% federal tax rate for 2018 and a 34% federal tax rate for 2017.
(3)	Interest rate spread represents the difference between the average yield earned on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(4)	Net interest margin represents annualized, tax-equivalent net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

Rate/Volume Table. The following table describes the extent to which changes in tax-equivalent interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities affected the Company’s interest income and expense for the periods indicated. The table distinguishes between (i) changes attributable to rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume), (ii) changes attributable to volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), and (iii) net change (the sum of (i) and (ii)). The net changes attributable to the combined effect of volume and rate that cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018 vs 2017
	Increase/(decrease) attributable to
	Volume			Rate			Net
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income:
Interest-bearing deposits at banks	$	41		$	(52	)	$	(11	)
Investment securities		9			(117	)		(108	)
Loans		210			104			314
Total		260			(65	)		195
Interest expense:
Deposits		9			194			203
Other borrowings		(35	)		19			(16	)
Total		(26	)		213			187
Net interest income	$	286		$	(278	)	$	8

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our assets and liabilities are principally financial in nature, and the resulting net interest income thereon is subject to changes in market interest rates and the mix of various assets and liabilities. Interest rates in the financial markets affect our decisions relating to pricing our assets and liabilities, which impact net interest income, a significant cash flow source for us. As a result, a substantial portion of our risk management activities relates to managing interest rate risk.

Our Asset/Liability Management Committee monitors the interest rate sensitivity of our balance sheet using earnings simulation models. We have set policy limits of interest rate risk to be assumed in the normal course of business and monitor such limits through our simulation process.

We have been successful in meeting the interest rate sensitivity objectives set forth in our policy. Simulation models are prepared to determine the impact on net interest income for the coming twelve months, including one using rates at March 31, 2018, and forecasting volumes for the twelve-month projection. This position is then subjected to a shift in interest rates of 100 and 200 basis points with an impact to our net interest income on a one-year horizon as follows:

Scenario	Dollar change in net interest income ($000’s)			Percent change in net interest income
200 basis point rising	$	(1,388	)		(4.6	%)
100 basis point rising	$	(699	)		(2.3	%)
100 basis point falling	$	(466	)		(1.6	%)
200 basis point falling	$	(1,312	)		(4.5	%)

Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

Forward-Looking Statements

This document (including information incorporated by reference) contains, and future oral and written statements by us and our management may contain, forward-looking statements, within the meaning of such term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business. Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to management, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should” or other similar expressions. Additionally, all statements in this document, including forward-looking statements, speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events.

Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on operations and future prospects of us and our subsidiaries include, but are not limited to, the following:

	●	The strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which we conduct our operations, which may be less favorable than expected and may result in, among other things, a deterioration in the credit quality and value of our assets.
	●	The effects of, and changes in, federal, state and local laws, regulations and policies affecting banking, securities, insurance, tax, trade and monetary and financial matters.
	●	The effects of changes in interest rates (including the effects of changes in the rate of prepayments of our assets) and the policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
	●	Our ability to compete with other financial institutions as effectively as we currently do due to increases in competitive pressures in the financial services sector.
	●	Our inability to obtain new customers and to retain existing customers.
	●	The timely development and acceptance of products and services, including products and services offered through alternative delivery channels such as the Internet.
	●	Technological changes implemented by us and by other parties, including third-party vendors, which may be more difficult or more expensive than anticipated or which may have unforeseen consequences to us and our customers.
	●	Our ability to develop and maintain secure and reliable electronic systems.
	●	Our ability to retain key executives and employees and the difficulty that we may experience in replacing key executives and employees in an effective manner.
	●	Consumer spending and saving habits which may change in a manner that affects our business adversely.
	●	Our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and future growth.
	●	The costs, effects and outcomes of existing or future litigation.
	●	Changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by state and federal regulatory agencies and the FASB.
	●	The economic impact of past and any future terrorist attacks, acts of war or threats thereof, and the response of the United States to any such threats and attacks.
	●	Our ability to effectively manage our credit risk.
	●	Our ability to forecast probable loan losses and maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses.
	●	The effects of declines in the value of our investment portfolio.
	●	Our ability to raise additional capital if needed.
	●	The effects of cyber-attacks.
	●	The effects of declines in real estate markets.
	●	The effects of fraudulent activity on the part of our employees, customers, vendors, or counterparties.

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. Additional information concerning us and our business, including other factors that could materially affect our financial results, is included in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the “Risk Factors” section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of March 31, 2018. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2018.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or its subsidiaries is a party or which any of their property is subject, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to their respective businesses.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in the risk factors applicable to the Company from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

	Exhibit 31.1		Certificate of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
	Exhibit 31.2		Certificate of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
	Exhibit 32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	Exhibit 32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	Exhibit 101		Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	LANDMARK BANCORP, INC.

Date: May 8, 2018	/s/ Michael E. Scheopner
	Michael E. Scheopner
	President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: May 8, 2018	/s/ Mark A. Herpich
	Mark A. Herpich
	Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer
	and Chief Financial Officer