LANTRONIX INC - Annual Report: 2016 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number 1-16027

LANTRONIX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

7535 Irvine Center Drive, Suite 100, Irvine, California 92618

(Address of principal executive offices)

(949) 453-3990

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates based upon the closing sales price of the common stock as reported by the NASDAQ Capital Market on December 31, 2015, the last trading day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter, was approximately $7.4 million. The determination of affiliate status for this purpose shall not be a conclusive determination for any other purpose.

As of August 1, 2016, there were 17,253,799 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A relating to the registrant's 2016 annual meeting of stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. With the exception of the portions of the Proxy Statement specifically incorporated herein by reference, the Proxy Statement and related proxy solicitation materials are not deemed to be filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

LANTRONIX, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

* Not required for a “smaller reporting company.”

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, or the Report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report, or incorporated by reference into this Report, are forward-looking statements. Throughout this Report, we have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “may,” “believe,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “should,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “forecasts,” “goal,” “seek,” “intend,” other forms of these words or similar words or expressions or the negative thereof. In particular, this Report contains forward-looking statements relating to, among other things:

We have based our forward-looking statements on our management’s current expectations and projections about trends affecting our business and industry and other future events. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause our results or experiences, or future business, financial condition, results of operations or performance, to differ materially from our historical results or those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement contained in this Report. Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements are described in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Report, as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. In addition, actual results may differ as a result of additional risks and uncertainties of which we are currently unaware or which we do not currently view as material to our business.

You should read this Report in its entirety, together with the documents that we file as exhibits to this Report and the documents that we incorporate by reference into this Report, with the understanding that our future results may be materially different from what we currently expect. The forward-looking statements we make speak only as of the date on which they are made. We expressly disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date hereof to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our opinions or expectations, except as required by applicable law or the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC. If we do update or correct any forward-looking statements, investors should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections.

We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

PART I

Overview

Lantronix, Inc., which we refer to herein as the Company, Lantronix, we, our, or us, is a global provider of secure data access and management solutions for Internet of Things, or IoT, and information technology, or IT, assets. Our mission is to be the leading supplier of IoT gateways that enable companies to dramatically simplify the creation, deployment, and management of IoT projects while providing secure access to data for applications and people.

With more than two decades of experience in creating robust machine to machine, or M2M, technologies, Lantronix is an innovator in enabling our customers to build new business models and realize the possibilities of the IoT. Our connectivity solutions are deployed inside millions of machines serving a wide range of industries, including data center, medical, security, industrial, transportation, retail, financial, environmental and government.

We were incorporated in California in 1989 and reincorporated in Delaware in 2000.

Our Strategy

Today, more and more companies are seeking to connect their machines and electronic devices to the Internet. The growth in the IoT market is being driven by the growing importance of data, and the rapidly falling cost of sensors, connectivity, computing and storage. While the promise of IoT is great, many companies find designing and deploying an IoT project to be complex, costly and time-consuming.

Our strategy is to leverage our networking and software development expertise to develop technologies that make it easier for our customers to participate in the IoT. We are primarily focused on the following market transitions:

During the third quarter of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, we kicked off a strategic initiative to better position us for growth in the IoT market. We plan to address this market with a combination of new hardware and software solutions that will combine our portfolio of robust and secure connectivity solutions with new advanced data access and management features for enterprise IoT assets. We expect that these new offerings will help companies to simplify and speed their IoT deployments, reduce complexity and assist them in creating value-added business models.

Products and Solutions

We organize our products and solutions into three product lines: IoT, IT Management and Other.

IoT

Our IoT products typically connect to one or more existing machines and provide network connectivity and are designed to enhance the value and utility of machines by making the data from the machines available to users, systems and processes or by controlling their properties and features over the network.

Our IoT products currently consist of IoT Gateways and IoT Building Blocks. IoT Gateways are designed to provide secure connectivity and the ability to add integrated device management and advanced data access features. IoT Building Blocks provide basic secure machine connectivity and unmanaged data access.

Our IoT products may be embedded into new designs or attached to existing machines. Our IoT products include wired and wireless connections that enhance the value and utility of modern electronic systems and equipment by providing secure network connectivity, application hosting, protocol conversion, secure access for distributed IoT deployments and many other functions. Many of the products are offered with software tools intended to further decrease our customer’s time-to-market and increase their value add.

Most of our IoT products are pre-certified in a number of countries thereby significantly reducing our original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, customers’ regulatory certification costs and accelerating their time to market.

The following product families are included in our IoT product line: EDS, EDS-MD, PremierWave^® EN, PremierWave^® XC, PremierWave^® XN, UDS, WiPort^®, xDirect^®, xPico^®, xPico^® Wi-Fi, xPress^™® and XPort^® .

IT Management

Today, organizations are managing an ever-increasing amount of devices and data on enterprise networks where 24/7 reliability is mission critical. Out-of-band management, or OOBM, is a technique that uses dedicated channels to manage critical network devices to ensure management connectivity (including the ability to determine the status of any network component) independent of the status of other in-band network components. Remote OOBM allows organizations to effectively manage their enterprise IT resources and at the same time, optimize their IT support resources.

Our IT Management product line includes console management, power management, and keyboard video mouse , or KVM, products that provide remote OOBM access to IT and networking infrastructure deployed in test labs, data centers and server rooms.

The following product families are included in our IT Management product line: SLB^™, SLC^™ 8000, and Spider^™. In addition, this product line includes vSLM™, a virtualized central management solution that simplifies secure administration of enterprise IT out-of-band devices and attached equipment through a standard web browser. vSLM is designed to operate with both our IT Management products and certain other manufacturers’ IT infrastructure equipment.

Other

We categorize products that are non-focus or end-of-life as Other. Our Other product line includes non-focus products such as the xPrintServer^®, xSenso^®, and WiBox. In addition, our Other product line includes end-of-life versions of our MatchPort^®, SLC^™, SLP^™, and xPress Pro product families 

Net Revenue by Product Line

We have one operating and reportable business segment. A summary of our net revenue by product line is found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference. A discussion of factors potentially affecting our net revenue and other operating results is set forth in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Sales Cycle

Our embedded IoT solutions are typically sold to OEMs, original design manufacturers, or ODMs, contract manufacturers and distributors. OEMs design and sell products under their own brand that are either manufactured by the OEM in-house or by third-party contract manufacturers. ODMs design and manufacture products for third parties, which then sell those products under their own brand. The design cycles using our embedded solutions typically range from 12 to 24 months and can generate revenue for the entire life-cycle of an end-user’s product.

Our IT Management and device IoT Solutions are typically sold through value added resellers, or VARs, systems integrators, distributors, e-tailers and, to a lesser extent, OEMs. Sales are often project-based and may result in significant quarterly fluctuations.

Sales Channels

Distributors

A majority of our sales are made through distributors. Distributors resell our products to a wide variety of resellers and end customers including OEMs, ODMs, VARs, systems integrators, consumers, online retailers, IT resellers, corporate customers and government entities.

Resellers

Our products are often sold by industry-specific system integrators and VARs, who often obtain our products from our distributors. Additionally, our products are sold by direct market resellers such as CDW, ProVantage, and Amazon.com.

Direct Sales

We sell products directly to larger OEMs and end users. We also maintain an ecommerce site for direct sales at store.lantronix.com.

Sales and Marketing

We sell our products through both an internal sales force and to a lesser extent, third-party manufacturers’ representatives. Our internal sales force, which includes sales managers, inside sales personnel and field applications engineers in major regions throughout the world, manages our relationships with our sales partners, identifies and develops new sales opportunities and increases penetration at existing accounts. We implement marketing programs, tools and services to generate sales leads and increase demand for our products.

Manufacturing

Our manufacturing operations are primarily conducted through third-party contract manufacturers. We utilize the following contract manufacturers primarily located in China to manufacture most of our products: AsteelFlash Group; Hana Microelectronics; and Universal Global Technology Co., Ltd. In addition, we use eSilicon Corporation to manage Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., a third-party foundry located in Taiwan, which manufactures our large scale integration chips. We manufacture certain products with final assembly in the U.S. to meet trade compliance requirements.

Our contract manufacturers source raw materials, components and integrated circuits, in accordance with our specifications and forecasts, and perform printed circuit board assembly, final assembly, functional testing and quality control. Our products are manufactured and tested to our specifications with standard and custom components. Most of these components are available from multiple vendors. However, we have several single-sourced supplier relationships, either because alternative sources are not available or because the relationship is advantageous to us.

Research and Development

Our research and development efforts are focused on the development of hardware and software technology to differentiate our products and enhance our competitive position in the markets we serve. Product research and development is primarily done in-house and supplemented with outsourced resources.

The following table presents our research and development expenses:

Competition

Our industry is highly competitive and characterized by rapid technological advances and evolving industry standards. The market can be affected significantly by new product introductions and marketing activities of industry participants. We believe that we compete for customers on the basis of product features, software capabilities, company reputation, brand recognition, technical support, relationships with partners, quality, reliability, product development capabilities, price and availability. A discussion of factors potentially affecting our ability to compete in the markets in which we operate is set forth in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Intellectual Property Rights

We believe that a considerable portion of our value resides in our intellectual property. We have developed proprietary methodologies, tools, processes and software in connection with delivering our products and services. We protect our intellectual property through a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, licenses, non-disclosure agreements and contractual provisions. We enter into a non-disclosure and confidentiality agreement with each of our employees, consultants and third parties that have access to our proprietary technology. Pursuant to assignment of inventions agreements, all of our employees and consultants assign to us all intellectual property rights for the relevant inventions created in connection with such person’s employment or contract with us. We currently hold United States and international patents covering various aspects of our products, with additional patent applications pending.

United States and Foreign Government Regulation

Many of our products are subject to certain mandatory regulatory approvals in the regions in which our products are deployed. In particular, wireless products must be approved by the relevant government authority prior to these products being offered for sale. In addition, certain jurisdictions have regulations requiring products to use environmentally friendly components. Some of our products employ security technology, which is subject to various U.S. export restrictions.

Employees

As of July 31, 2016, we had 114 full time employees, none of whom is represented by a labor union. We have not experienced any labor problems resulting in a work stoppage and believe we have good relations with our employees. 

Customer and Geographic Concentrations

We conduct our business globally and manage our sales teams by three geographic regions: the Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa, or EMEA, and Asia Pacific Japan, or APJ. A discussion concerning sales to our significant customers and related parties, sales within geographic regions as a percentage of net revenue and sales to significant countries as a percentage of net revenue is set forth in Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference. A discussion of factors potentially affecting our customer and geographic concentrations is set forth in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Available Information

Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements on Schedule 14A and other reports and information that we file or furnish pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the the Exchange Act, are available free of charge on our website at www.lantronix.com as soon as reasonably practicable after filing or furnishing such reports with the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically. Our audit committee charter; corporate governance and nominating committee charter; and compensation committee charter are also posted on our website at www.lantronix.com under “Investor Relations.” The contents of our website are not incorporated by reference into this Report. References to our website address in this Report are inactive textual references only.

References in this Report to “fiscal 2016” refer to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 and references to “fiscal 2015” refer to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

Executive officers serve at the discretion of the board of directors. There are no family relationships between any of our directors or executive officers. The following table presents the names, ages, and positions held by our executive officers:

JEFFREY W. BENCK has served as our President, Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors since December 2015. Mr. Benck served as president and chief executive officer of Emulex Corporation, a global supplier of advanced networking, monitoring and management solutions, from July 2013 until Emulex was acquired by Avago Technologies in May 2015. He joined Emulex in May 2008 as executive vice president and chief operating officer and was subsequently appointed to president and chief operating officer in August 2010. Prior to joining Emulex, Mr. Benck was president and chief operating officer of QLogic Corporation, a supplier of storage networking solutions. Prior to that, he spent 18 years at IBM Corporation where he held a variety of executive leadership roles, including serving as vice president of xSeries, BladeCenter and Retail Store Solutions development. Mr. Benck also serves as a director of Netlist, Inc., a provider of high performance memory subsystems. Mr. Benck holds a Master of Science degree in management of technology from University of Miami and a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from Rochester Institute of Technology.

JEREMY R. WHITAKER has served as our Chief Financial Officer since September 2011. Mr. Whitaker returned to Lantronix after serving as Vice President, Corporate Controller at Mindspeed from January 2011 to September 2011. Mr. Whitaker previously served as our Vice President of Finance and Accounting from September 2010 to January 2011, where he was responsible for managing all worldwide finance and accounting functions. Mr. Whitaker also served as our Senior Director of Finance and Accounting from February 2006 to September 2010 and our Director of Finance and Accounting from August 2005 to February 2006. Prior to August 2005, Mr. Whitaker held vice president and director level finance and accounting positions with two publicly-traded companies, and worked in the assurance practice for six years at Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Whitaker earned a Bachelor of Arts in business administration with a concentration in accounting from the California State University at Fullerton and a Masters of Science degree in accountancy from the University of Notre Dame’s Mendoza College of Business.

SANJEEV KUMAR DATLA has served as our Chief Technology Officer since February 2016. Prior to joining Lantronix, Mr. Datla served as chief executive officer and founder of Moxtreme Corporation, a Silicon Valley-based startup technology company focused on the development of a cloud-based application-defined IoT and virtualized real-time messaging platform. From August 2010 to August 2013, he served as vice president of cloud initiatives for Emulex Corporation. Prior to that, he was part of the founding management team of ServerEngines, an enterprise networking company that was acquired by Emulex. Mr. Datla previously served in senior technology development roles at Broadcom Corporation, ServerWorks Corporation and NEC Electronics. He earned a Masters in Technology degree in electronics design and technology with distinction from the Indian Institute of Science and a Bachelors of Engineering degree from Osmania University.

MICHAEL A. FINK joined Lantronix in February of 2012 as Vice President of Operations. From April 2010 to February 2012, Mr. Fink served as Director of Operations for Networking and Communication Products for Inphi, an analog semiconductor company. From July 2008 to March 2010, Mr. Fink was Executive Director of Product and Test Engineering at Sierra Monolithics, a supplier of analog and mixed-signal semiconductors. Mr. Fink also served as Executive Director of Product and Test Engineering at Mindspeed from October 2005 to July 2008. Prior to that he held management positions at Peregrine Semiconductor and Analog Devices. Mr. Fink earned a Bachelor of Science degree in electronic engineering from the California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo.

DARYL R. MILLER joined Lantronix in January 2000 and has served as our Vice President of Engineering since March 2008. Mr. Miller served as our Interim Vice President of Engineering from October 2007 to March 2008. Prior to this, Mr. Miller served as Director and a Senior Director within our Engineering Department. Before joining Lantronix, Mr. Miller spent 14 years at Tektronix and held several positions within the Microprocessor Development and Computer Graphics/Networking divisions, and as Worldwide Director of Service and Support for Network Computing Devices (NCD). Mr. Miller holds a Bachelor of Science degree with honors in business information systems and Masters of Business Administration from the University of California, Irvine, where he graduated Dean’s Scholar and Beta Gamma Sigma.

KURT E. SCHEUERMAN has served as our Vice President and General Counsel since November 2012, and as Corporate Secretary since February 2013. Prior to joining Lantronix, Mr. Scheuerman served as Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of DDi Corp., a publicly-held printed circuit board manufacturer, from October 2005 to July 2012. From 2000 to 2005, Mr. Scheuerman was an associate with the international law firm of Paul Hastings LLP, where his practice emphasized corporate finance, securities regulation and other transactional work. Prior to that, he practiced corporate and transactional law as an associate in two regional law firms and served a clerkship with the Oregon Supreme Court. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in rhetoric from the University of California at Berkeley and received a Juris Doctorate from the University of Oregon, where he graduated Order of the Coif.

KEVIN M. YODER joined Lantronix in March 2016 as Vice President of Worldwide Sales. Prior to joining Lantronix, Mr. Yoder served as vice president of sales for the Americas region at Avago Technologies (now Broadcom Limited), where he was responsible for driving more than $1.3 billion in annual revenues. Prior to joining Avago, Mr. Yoder was vice president of worldwide sales for XMOS, a start-up semiconductor company. Earlier, he held sales leadership positions at Analog Devices, Texas Instruments, and CoWare. Mr. Yoder earned a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from Notre Dame University.

We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Before deciding to purchase, hold or sell our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described in this section, as well as other information contained in this Report and in our other filings with the SEC. This section should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Report. If any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could be materially harmed. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. In addition, risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business.

Certain of our products are sold into mature markets, which could limit our ability to continue to generate revenue from these products. Our ability to sustain and grow our business depends on our ability to develop, market, and sell new products.

Certain of our products are sold into mature markets that are characterized by a trend of declining demand. As the overall market for these products decreases due to the adoption of new technologies, we expect that our revenues from these products will continue to decline. As a result, our future prospects will depend on our ability to develop and successfully market new products that address new and growing markets. Our failure to develop new products or failure to achieve widespread customer acceptance of such new products could cause us to lose market share and cause our revenues to decline. There can be no assurance that we will not experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction, marketing and sale of new products or product enhancements. Factors that could cause delays include regulatory and/or industry approvals, product design cycle and failure to identify products or features that customers demand. In addition, the introduction and sale of new products often involves a significant technical evaluation, and we often face delays because of our customers’ internal procedures for evaluating and deploying new technologies. For these and other reasons, the sales cycle associated with new products is typically lengthy, often lasting six to 24 months and sometimes longer. Therefore, there can be no assurance that our introduction or announcement of new product offerings will achieve any significant or sustainable degree of market acceptance or result in increased revenue in the near term.

We may experience significant fluctuation in our revenue because the timing of large orders placed by some of our customers is often project-based.

Our operating results fluctuate because we often receive large orders from customers that coincide with the timing of the customer’s project. Sales of our products and services may be delayed if customers delay approval or commencement of projects due to budgetary constraints, internal acceptance review procedures, timing of budget cycles or timing of competitive evaluation processes. In addition, sometimes our customers make significant one-time hardware purchases for projects which are not repeated. We sell primarily on a purchase order basis rather than pursuant to long-term contracts, and we expect fluctuations in our revenues as a result of one-time purchases to continue in the future. In addition, our sales may be subject to significant fluctuations based on the acceleration, delay or cancellation of customer projects, or our failure to complete one or a series of significant sales opportunities. Because a significant portion of our operating expenses are fixed, even a single order can have a disproportionate effect on our quarterly revenues and operating results. As a result of the factors discussed above, and due to the complexities of the industry in which we operate, it is difficult for us to forecast demand for our current or future products with any degree of certainty, which means it is difficult for us to forecast our sales. If our quarterly or annual operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.

The lengthy sales cycle for our products and services and delay in customer completion of projects, make the timing of our revenues difficult to predict.

We have a lengthy sales cycle for many of our products that generally extends between 6 and 24 months and sometimes longer due to a lengthy customer evaluation and approval process. The length of the sales cycle can be affected by factors over which we have little or no control, including the user’s budgetary constraints, timing of the user’s budget cycles, and concerns by the user about the introduction of new products by us or by our competitors. As a result, sales cycles for user orders vary substantially from user to user. The lengthy sales cycle is one of the factors that has caused and may continue to cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. In addition, we may incur substantial expenses and devote significant management effort and expense to develop potential relationships that do not result in agreements or revenues and may prevent us from pursuing other opportunities. Accordingly, excessive delays in sales could be material and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The nature of our products, customer base and sales channels causes us to lack visibility regarding future demand for our products, which makes it difficult for us to predict our revenues or operating results.

We use forecasts based on anticipated product orders to manage our manufacturing and inventory levels and other aspects of our business. However, several factors contribute to a lack of visibility with respect to future orders, including:

This lack of visibility impacts our ability to forecast our requirements. If we overestimate our customers’ future requirements for products, we may have excess inventory, which would increase our costs and potentially require us to write-off inventory that becomes obsolete. Additionally, if we underestimate our customers’ future requirements, we may have inadequate inventory, which could interrupt and delay delivery of our products to our customers, harm our reputation, and cause our revenues to decline. If any of these events occur, they could prevent us from achieving or sustaining profitability.

We have a history of losses.

We incurred net losses of approximately $2.0 million and $2.8 million for fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. There can be no assurance that we will generate net profits in future periods. Further, there can be no assurance that we will be cash flow positive in future periods. In the event we fail to achieve profitability in future periods, the value of our common stock may decline. In addition, if we were unable to achieve or maintain positive cash flows, we would be required to seek additional funding, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.

Delays in qualifying product revisions of existing products at certain of our customers could result in the delay or loss of sales to those customers, which could negatively impact our business and financial results.

Our industry is characterized by intense competition, rapidly evolving technology and continually changing customer preferences and requirements. As a result, we frequently develop and introduce new versions of our existing products. 

Prior to purchasing our products, some of our customers require that products undergo a qualification process, which may involve testing of the products in the customer’s system. A subsequent revision to a product’s hardware or firmware, changes in the manufacturing process or our selection of a new supplier may require a new qualification process, which may result in delays in sales to customers, loss of sales, or us holding excess or obsolete inventory.

After products are qualified, it can take additional time before the customer commences volume production of components or devices that incorporate our products. If we are unsuccessful or delayed in qualifying any new or revised products with a customer, such failure or delay would preclude or delay sales of such products to the customer, and could negatively impact our financial results. In addition, new revisions to our products could cause our customers to alter the timing of their purchases, by either accelerating or delaying purchases, which could result in fluctuations of net revenue from quarter to quarter.

Delays in deliveries or quality control problems with our component suppliers could damage our reputation and could cause our net revenue to decline and harm our results of operations.

We and our contract manufacturers are responsible for procuring raw materials for our products. Our products incorporate some components and technologies that are only available from single or limited sources of supply. Depending on a limited number of suppliers exposes us to risks, including limited control over pricing, availability, quality and delivery schedules. Moreover, due to the limited amount of our sales, we may not be able to convince suppliers to continue to make components available to us unless there is demand for such components from their other customers. If any one or more of our suppliers cease to provide us with sufficient quantities of components in a timely manner or on terms acceptable to us, we would have to seek alternative sources of supply and we may have difficulty identifying additional or replacement suppliers for some of our components.

In particular, some of our integrated circuits are only available from a single source and in some cases are no longer being manufactured. From time to time, integrated circuits, and potentially other components used in our products, will be phased out of production by the manufacturer. When this happens, we attempt to purchase sufficient inventory to meet our needs until a substitute component can be incorporated into our products. Nonetheless, we may be unable to purchase sufficient components to meet our demands, or we may incorrectly forecast our demands, and purchase too many or too few components. In addition, our products use components that have been subject to market shortages and substantial price fluctuations in the past. From time to time, we have been unable to meet customer orders because we were unable to purchase necessary components for our products. We do not have long-term supply arrangements with most of our vendors to obtain necessary components or technology for our products and instead purchase components on a purchase order basis. If we are unable to purchase components from these suppliers, our product shipments could be prevented or delayed, which could result in a loss of sales. If we are unable to meet existing orders or to enter into new orders because of a shortage in components, we will likely lose net revenues and risk losing customers and harming our reputation in the marketplace, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We outsource substantially all of our manufacturing to contract manufacturers in Asia. If our contract manufacturers are unable or unwilling to manufacture our products at the quality and quantity we request, our business could be harmed.

We use contract manufacturers based in Asia to manufacture substantially all of our products. Generally, we do not have long-term agreements with our contract manufacturers or suppliers. If any of these subcontractors or suppliers were to cease doing business with us, we might not be able to obtain alternative sources in a timely or cost-effective manner. Our reliance on third-party manufacturers exposes us to a number of significant risks, including:

Any problems that we may encounter with the delivery, quality or cost of our products from our contract manufacturers or suppliers could cause us to lose net revenue, damage our customer relationships and harm our reputation in the marketplace, each of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

From time to time, we may transition the manufacturing of certain products from one contract manufacturer to another. When we do this, we may incur substantial expenses, risk material delays or encounter other unexpected issues.

We depend on distributors to generate a majority of our sales and complete order fulfillment.

Resale of products through distributors accounts for a substantial majority of our worldwide net revenues. In addition, sales through our top five distributors accounted for approximately 50% of our net revenues in fiscal 2016. A significant reduction of effort by one or more distributors to sell our products or a material change in our relationship with one or more distributors may reduce our access to certain end customers and adversely affect our ability to sell our products. Furthermore, if a key distributor materially defaults on a contract or otherwise fails to perform, our business and financial results would suffer.

In addition, the financial health of our distributors and our continuing relationships with them are important to our success. Current economic conditions may adversely impact the financial health of some of these distributors. This could result in the insolvency of certain distributors, the inability of distributors to obtain credit to finance the purchase of our products, or cause distributors to delay payment of their obligations to us and increase our credit risk exposure. Our business could be harmed if the financial health of these distributors impairs their performance and we are unable to secure alternate distributors.

Our ability to sustain and grow our business depends in part on the success of our channel partner distributors and resellers.

A substantial part of our revenues is generated through sales by channel partner distributors and resellers. To the extent our channel partners are unsuccessful in selling our products or if we are unable to obtain and retain a sufficient number of high-quality channel partners, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, our channel partners may devote more resources to marketing, selling and supporting products and services that are competitive with ours, than to our products. They also may have incentives to promote our competitors' products over our products, particularly for our competitors with larger volumes of orders, more diverse product offerings and a longer relationship with our distributors and resellers. In these cases, one or more of our important channel partners may stop selling our products completely or may significantly decrease the volume of products they sell on our behalf. Our channel partner sales structure also could subject us to lawsuits, potential liability and reputational harm if, for example, any of our channel partners misrepresents the functionality of our products or services to customers, violate laws or our corporate policies. If we fail to effectively manage our existing or future sales channel partners effectively, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

Changes to the average selling prices of our products could affect our net revenue and gross margins and adversely affect results of operations.

In the past, we have experienced reductions in the average selling prices and gross margins of our products, We expect competition to continue to increase, and we anticipate this could result in additional downward pressure on our pricing. Our average selling prices for our products might also decline as a result of other reasons, including promotional programs introduced by us or our competitors and customers who negotiate price concessions. To the extent we are able to increase prices, we may experience a decline in sales volumes if customers decide to purchase competitive products. If any of these were to occur, our gross margins could decline and we might not be able to reduce the cost to manufacture our products to keep up with the decline in prices.

If we are unable to sell our inventory in a timely manner, it could become obsolete, which could require us to increase our reserves or write off obsolete inventory, which could harm our operating results.

At any time, competitive products may be introduced with more attractive features or at lower prices than ours. If this occurs, and for other reasons, we may not be able to accurately forecast demand for our products and our inventory levels may increase. There is a risk that we may be unable to sell our inventory in a timely manner to avoid it becoming obsolete. In the event we are required to substantially discount our inventory or are unable to sell our inventory in a timely manner, we would be required to increase our inventory reserves or write off obsolete inventory and our operating results could be substantially harmed.

Our failure to compete successfully in our highly competitive market could result in reduced prices and loss of market share.

The market in which we operate is intensely competitive, subject to rapid technological advances and highly sensitive to evolving industry standards. The market can also be affected significantly by new product and technology introductions and marketing and pricing activities of industry participants. Our products compete directly with products produced by a number of our competitors. Many of our competitors and potential competitors have greater financial and human resources for marketing and product development, more experience conducting research and development activities, greater experience obtaining regulatory approval for new products, larger distribution and customer networks, more established relationships with contract manufacturers and suppliers, and more established reputations and name recognition. For these and other reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current or potential future competitors. In addition, the amount of competition we face in the marketplace may change and grow as the market for IoT and M2M networking solutions grows and new companies enter the marketplace. Present and future competitors may be able to identify new markets, adapt new technologies and, develop and commercialize products more quickly, and may gain market acceptance of products with greater success. As a result of these competitive factors, we may fail to meet our business objectives and our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

Our products may contain undetected software or hardware errors or defects that could lead to an increase in our costs, reduce our net revenue or damage our reputation.

We currently offer warranties ranging from one to five years on each of our products. Our products could contain undetected software or hardware errors or defects. If there is a product failure, we might have to replace all affected products without being able to book revenue for replacement units, or we might have to refund the purchase price for the units. Regardless of the amount of testing we undertake, some errors might be discovered only after a product has been installed and used by customers. Any errors discovered after commercial release could result in loss of net revenue and claims against us. Significant product warranty claims against us could harm our business, reputation and financial results and cause the price of our stock to decline.

Our inability to obtain appropriate telecommunications carrier certifications, industry certifications or approvals from governmental regulatory bodies could impede our ability to grow revenues in our wireless products.

The sale of our wireless products in certain geographical markets is sometimes dependent on the ability to gain telecommunications carrier certifications and/or approvals by certain governmental bodies. In addition, many of our products are certified as meeting various industry quality and/or compatibility standards.  Failure to obtain these certifications or approvals, or delays in receiving such certification or approvals, could impact our ability to compete effectively or at all in these markets and could have an adverse impact on our revenues. 

If software that we incorporate into our products were to become unavailable or no longer available on commercially reasonable terms, it could adversely affect sales of our products, which could disrupt our business and harm our financial results.

Certain of our products contain software developed and maintained by third-party software vendors or which are available through the “open source” software community. We also expect that we may incorporate software from third-party vendors and open source software in our future products. Our business would be disrupted if this software, or functional equivalents of this software, were either no longer available to us or no longer offered to us on commercially reasonable terms. In either case, we would be required to either redesign our products to function with alternate third-party software or open source software, or develop these components ourselves, which would result in increased costs and could result in delays in our product shipments. Furthermore, we might be forced to limit the features available in our current or future product offerings.

We face risks associated with our international operations that could impair our ability to grow our revenues abroad as well as our overall financial condition.

We believe that our future growth is dependent in part upon our ability to increase sales in international markets. These sales are subject to a variety of risks, including geopolitical events, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, tariffs, import restrictions and other trade barriers, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, longer accounts receivable payment cycles, potentially adverse tax consequences, and export license requirements. In addition, we are subject to the risks inherent in conducting business internationally, including political and economic instability and unexpected changes in diplomatic and trade relationships. In many markets where we operate, business and cultural norms are different than those in the United States, and practices that may violate laws and regulations applicable to us such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), unfortunately are more commonplace. Although we have implemented policies and procedures with the intention of ensuring compliance with these laws and regulations, our employees, contractors and agents, as well as channel partners involved in our international sales, may take actions in violation of our policies. Many of our vendors and strategic business allies also have international operations and are subject to the risks described above. Even if we are able to successfully manage the risks of international operations, our business may be adversely affected if one or more of our business partners are not able to successfully manage these risks. There can be no assurance that one or more of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on our business strategy and financial condition.

Our failure to comply effectively with regulatory laws pertaining to our foreign operations could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

We are required to comply with U.S. government export regulations in the sale of our products to foreign customers, including requirements to properly classify and screen our products against a denied parties list prior to shipment. We are also required to comply with the provisions of the FCPA and all other anti-corruption laws, such as the UK Anti-Bribery Act, of all other countries in which we do business, directly or indirectly, including compliance with the anti-bribery prohibitions and the accounting and recordkeeping requirements of these laws. Violations of the FCPA or other similar laws could trigger sanctions, including ineligibility for U.S. government insurance and financing, as well as large fines. Failure to comply with the aforementioned regulations could also affect our decision to sell our products in international jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

Our failure to comply effectively with the requirements of applicable environmental legislation and regulation could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

Certain states and countries have passed regulations relating to chemical substances in electronic products and requiring electronic products to use environmentally friendly components. For example, the European Union has the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (“WEEE”), the restrictions of Hazardous Substances Directive (“RoHS”) and the Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (“REACH”). In the future, China and other countries including the United States are expected to adopt further environmental compliance programs. In order to comply with these regulations, we may need to redesign our products to use different components, which may be more expensive, if they are available at all. If we fail to comply with these regulations, we may not be able to sell our products in jurisdictions where these regulations apply, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

Foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our results.

We are exposed to market risk primarily related to foreign currencies and interest rates. In particular, we are exposed to changes in the value of the U.S. dollar versus the local currency in which our products are sold and our services are purchased, including devaluation and revaluation of local currencies. Accordingly, fluctuations in foreign currency rates could adversely affect our revenues.

In particular, the uncertainty with respect to the ability of certain European countries to continue to service their sovereign debt obligations and the related European financial restructuring efforts may cause the value of the Euro and other European currencies to fluctuate. If the value of European currencies, including the Euro, deteriorates, thus reducing the purchasing power of European customers, our sales could be adversely affected.

Current or future litigation could adversely affect us.

We are subject to a wide range of claims and lawsuits in the course of our business. Any lawsuit may involve complex questions of fact and law and may require the expenditure of significant funds and the diversion of other resources. The results of litigation are inherently uncertain, and adverse outcomes are possible.

In particular, litigation regarding intellectual property rights occurs frequently in our industry. The results of litigation are inherently uncertain, and adverse outcomes are possible. Adverse outcomes may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

There is a risk that other third parties could claim that our products, or our customers’ products, infringe on their intellectual property rights or that we have misappropriated their intellectual property. In addition, software, business processes and other property rights in our industry might be increasingly subject to third- party infringement claims as the number of competitors grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps. Other parties might currently have, or might eventually be issued, patents that pertain to the proprietary rights we use. Any of these third parties might make a claim of infringement against us. The results of litigation are inherently uncertain, and adverse outcomes are possible.

Responding to any infringement claim, regardless of its validity, could:

If any of these occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may not be able to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, which could harm our competitive position or require us to incur significant expenses to enforce our rights.

We rely primarily on a combination of laws, such as patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, and contractual restrictions, such as confidentiality agreements and licenses, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. Despite any precautions that we have taken:

Also, the laws of some of the countries in which we market and manufacture our products offer little or no effective protection of our proprietary technology. Reverse engineering, unauthorized copying or other misappropriation of our proprietary technology could enable third parties to benefit from our technology without paying us for it. Consequently, we may be unable to prevent our proprietary technology from being exploited by others in the U.S. or abroad, which could require costly efforts to protect our technology. Policing the unauthorized use of our technology, trademarks and other proprietary rights is expensive, difficult and, in some cases, impracticable. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, either of which could harm our business. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property, which may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The impact of natural disasters could negatively impact our supply chain and customers resulting in an adverse impact to our revenues and profitability.

Certain of our components and other materials used in producing our products are from regions susceptible to natural disasters. A natural disaster could damage equipment and inventory at our suppliers’ facilities, adversely affecting our supply chain. If we are unable to obtain these materials, we could experience a disruption to our supply chain that would hinder our ability to produce our products in a timely manner, or cause us to seek other sources of supply, which may be more costly or which we may not be able to procure on a timely basis. In addition, our customers may not follow their normal purchasing patterns or temporarily cease purchasing from us due to impacts to their businesses in the region, creating unexpected fluctuations or decreases in our revenues and profitability. Natural disasters in other parts of the world on which our operations are reliant also could have material adverse impacts on our business.

Business interruptions could adversely affect our business.

Our operations and those of our suppliers are vulnerable to interruption by fire, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications failure, cyber security breaches, IT systems failure, terrorist attacks and other events beyond our control. A substantial portion of our facilities, including our corporate headquarters and other critical business operations, are located near major earthquake faults and, therefore, may be more susceptible to damage if an earthquake occurs. We do not carry earthquake insurance for direct earthquake-related losses. If a business interruption occurs, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

If our products become subject to cyber security breaches, or if public perception is that they are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, our reputation and business could suffer.

We could be subject to liability or our reputation could be harmed if technologies integrated into our products fail to prevent cyber-attacks, or if our partners or customers fail to safeguard the systems with security policies that conform to industry best practices. In addition, any cyber-attack or security breach that affects a competitor’s products could lead to the negative perception that our solutions are or could be subject to similar attacks or breaches.

Acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or investments may impair our capital and equity resources, divert our management’s attention or otherwise negatively impact our operating results.

We may pursue acquisitions, strategic partnerships and joint ventures that we believe would allow us to complement our growth strategy, increase market share in our current markets and expand into adjacent markets, broaden our technology and intellectual property and strengthen our relationships with distributors, OEMs and ODMs. Any future acquisition, partnership, joint venture or investment may require that we pay significant cash, issue equity or incur substantial debt. Acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures may also result in the loss of key personnel and the dilution of existing stockholders to the extent we are required to issue equity securities. In addition, acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures require significant managerial attention, which may be diverted from our other operations. These capital, equity and managerial commitments may impair the operation of our business. Furthermore, acquired businesses may not be effectively integrated, may be unable to maintain key pre-acquisition business relationships, may not result in an increase in revenues or earnings or the delivery of new products, may contribute to increased fixed costs, and may expose us to unanticipated liabilities. If any of these occur, we may fail to meet our business objectives and our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

If we are unable to attract, retain or motivate key senior management and technical personnel, it could seriously harm our business.

Our financial performance depends substantially on the performance of our executive officers and of key engineers, marketing and sales employees. We are particularly dependent upon our technical personnel, due to the specialized technical nature of our business. If we were to lose the services of our executive officers or any of our key personnel and were not able to find replacements in a timely manner, our business could be disrupted, other key personnel might decide to leave, and we might incur increased operating expenses associated with finding and compensating replacements.

We may experience difficulties associated with utilizing third-party logistics providers.

A majority of our physical inventory management process, as well as the shipping and receiving of our inventory, is performed by third-party logistics providers in Los Angeles, California and Hong Kong. There is a possibility that these third-party logistics providers will not perform as expected and we could experience delays in our ability to ship, receive, and process the related data in a timely manner. This could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and the market price of our common stock.

Relying on third-party logistics providers could increase the risk of the following: failing to receive accurate and timely inventory data, theft or poor physical security of our inventory, inventory damage, ineffective internal controls over inventory processes or other similar business risks out of our immediate control.

Cyber security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which could cause our business and reputation to suffer.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and personally identifiable information of our employees, on our networks. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, and cause a loss of confidence in our products and services, which could adversely affect our business.

We may need additional capital and it may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

To remain competitive, we must continue to make significant investments to operate our business and develop our products. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the timing and amount of our net revenue, research and development expenditures, expenses associated with any strategic partnerships or acquisitions and infrastructure investments, and expenses related to litigation, each of which could negatively affect our ability to generate additional cash from operations. If cash generated from operations is insufficient to satisfy our working capital requirements, we may need to raise additional capital. Looking ahead at long-term needs, we may need to raise additional funds for a number of purposes, including:

We may seek additional capital from public or private offerings of our capital stock, borrowings under our existing or future credit lines or other sources. If we issue equity or debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. In addition, if we raise additional funds through collaborations, licensing, joint ventures, or other similar arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to our potential future products or proprietary technologies, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise any such capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to secure such additional financing, we may not be able to develop or enhance our products, take advantage of future opportunities, respond to competition or continue to operate our business.

The terms of our amended credit facility may restrict our financial and operational flexibility and, in certain cases, our ability to operate.

The terms of our amended credit facility restrict, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, consummate certain asset sales, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, merge or consolidate with other persons, or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. Further, we are currently and may in the future be required to maintain specified financial ratios, including pursuant to a Minimum Tangible Net Worth covenant and satisfy certain financial conditions. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and there can be no assurance that we will meet those tests. Pursuant to our amended credit agreement and the related loan and security agreement, we have pledged substantially all of our assets to our lender, Silicon Valley Bank.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate, which could cause our stock price to decline.

We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, significant fluctuations in net revenue, expenses and operating results from quarter to quarter. We therefore believe that quarter to quarter comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance, and you should not rely on them to predict our future operating or financial performance or the future performance of our stock. A high percentage of our operating expenses are relatively fixed and are based on our forecast of future revenue. If we were to experience an unexpected reduction in net revenue in a quarter, we would likely be unable to adjust our short-term expenditures significantly. If this were to occur, our operating results for that fiscal quarter would be harmed. In addition, if our operating results in future fiscal quarters were to fall below the expectations of equity analysts and investors, the price of our common stock would likely fall.

The trading price of our common stock may be volatile based on a number of factors, many of which are not under our control.

The trading price of our common stock has been highly volatile. Our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, many of which are out of our control, including: 

In addition, the NASDAQ Capital Market often experiences price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market.

None.

We lease approximately 27,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters in Irvine, California. Our corporate headquarters includes sales, marketing, research and development, operations and administrative functions. Our lease agreement for our corporate headquarters expires in November 2020. In addition, we lease sales offices in the Netherlands, China and Hong Kong. In June 2016 we entered into a lease to open an engineering and design center in Hyderabad, India.

We believe our existing facilities are adequate to meet our needs. If additional space is needed in the future, we believe that suitable space will be available on commercially reasonable terms.

From time to time we are involved in various legal and government proceedings incidental to our business. These proceedings are in various procedural stages. We believe as of the date of this Report that provisions or accruals made for any potential losses, to the extent estimable, are adequate and that any liabilities or costs arising out of these proceedings are not likely to have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. However, the outcome of legal proceedings is inherently uncertain, and if unfavorable outcomes were to occur, there is a possibility that they could, individually or in the aggregate, have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. 

None.

PART II

Price Range of Common Stock

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “LTRX.” The number of holders of record of our common stock as of August 1, 2016 was approximately 24. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices for our common stock: 

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and we intend to retain any future earnings for use in the expansion of our business and for general corporate purposes. Any future decision to declare or pay dividends will be made by our board of directors in its sole discretion and will depend upon our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors deems appropriate at the time of its decision.

Issuer Repurchases

We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during fiscal 2016.

Not required for a “smaller reporting company.”

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Item 8 of this Report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s current beliefs and assumptions, which statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Report. Please also see “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Report.

Overview

Lantronix, Inc., which we refer to herein as the Company, Lantronix, we, our, or us, is a global provider of secure data access and management solutions for Internet of Things, or IoT, and information technology, or IT, assets. Our mission is to be the leading supplier of IoT gateways that enable companies to dramatically simplify the creation, deployment, and management of IoT projects while providing secure access to data for applications and people.

We conduct our business globally and manage our sales teams by three geographic regions: the Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa, or EMEA; and Asia Pacific Japan, or APJ.

Products and Solutions

To more closely align the categorization of our product lines with how we position them in the marketplace, we have re-organized our products and solutions into three product lines: IoT, IT Management and Other. Until this recent change, we had organized our products and solutions into two product lines: IoT Modules and Enterprise Solutions. In addition, we had defined “New Products” as those that had been released since the start of the second quarter of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012; all other products had been referred to as “Legacy Products.” Going forward, we do not plan to disclose our net revenue by the old categorizations.

IoT

Our IoT products typically connect to one or more existing machines and provide network connectivity and are designed to enhance the value and utility of machines by making the data from the machines available to users, systems and processes or by controlling their properties and features over the network.

Our IoT products currently consist of IoT Gateways and IoT Building Blocks. IoT Gateways are designed to provide secure connectivity and the ability to add integrated device management and advanced data access features. IoT Building Blocks provide basic secure machine connectivity and unmanaged data access.

The following product families are included in our IoT product line: EDS, EDS-MD, PremiereWave^® EN, PremierWave^® XC, PremierWave^® XN, UDS, WiPort^®, xDirect^®, xPico^®, xPico^® Wi-Fi, xPress^™  and xPort^®,

IT Management

Our IT Management product line includes console management, power management, and keyboard video mouse, or KVM, products that provide remote out-of-band management access to IT and networking infrastructure deployed in test labs, data centers and server rooms.

The following product families are included in our IT Management product line: SLB^™, SLC^™ 8000 and Spider^™. In addition, this product line includes vSLM, a virtualized central management solution that simplifies secure administration of enterprise IT out-of-band devices and attached equipment through a standard web browser. vSLM is designed to operate with both our IT Management products and certain other manufacturers’ IT infrastructure equipment.

Other

We categorize products that are non-focus or end-of-life as Other. Our Other product line includes non-focus products such as the xPrintServer^®, xSenso^®, and WiBox. In addition, our Other product line includes end-of-life versions of our MatchPort^®, SLC^™, SLP^™, and xPress Pro product families. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference, for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions related to net revenue, allowances for doubtful accounts, sales returns and allowances, inventory valuation, valuation of deferred income taxes, goodwill valuation, warranty reserves, litigation and other contingencies. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. To the extent there are material differences between our estimates and the actual results, our future results of operations will be affected.

We believe the following critical accounting policies require us to make significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; our price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.

Establishing accruals for product returns and pricing adjustments requires the use of judgment and estimates that impact the amount and timing of revenue recognition. When product revenue is recognized, we establish an estimated allowance for future product returns based primarily on historical returns experience. We also record reductions of revenue for pricing adjustments, such as competitive pricing programs and rebates, in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, based on approved pricing adjustments and historical experience. Actual product returns or pricing adjustments that differ from our estimates could result in increases or decreases to our net revenue.

A significant portion of our sales are made to distributors under agreements which contain a limited right to return unsold products and price adjustment provisions. Given these provisions, we have concluded the price to these distributors is not fixed and determinable at the time we deliver products to them. Accordingly, revenue and the related cost of revenue from sales to these distributors is not recognized until the distributor resells the product. These distributors provide us with periodic data regarding product, price, quantity and customers when products are shipped to their customers, as well as quantities of our products that they still have in stock.

From time to time, we may enter into arrangements with customers that provide for multiple deliverables that generally include the sale of products, professional engineering services and other product qualification or certification services, which we refer to collectively as deliverables. Pursuant to the applicable accounting guidance, when multiple deliverables in an arrangement are separated into different units of accounting, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified separate units that have stand-alone value at the inception of the contract based on a relative selling price hierarchy. We determine the relative selling price for a deliverable based on its vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price, or VSOE, if available, third-party evidence, or TPE, if VSOE is not available, and our best estimate of selling price, or BESP, if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Determining the BESP for a deliverable requires significant judgment and consideration of various factors including market conditions, items contemplated during negotiation of customer arrangements, as well as internally-developed pricing models. Significant judgment is also required in determining whether an arrangement includes multiple elements, and if so, whether VSOE or TPE of fair value exists for those elements. We recognize the relative fair value of the deliverables as they are delivered assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. In any period, a portion of revenue may be recorded as unearned due to elements of an arrangement that are undelivered. Changes to the elements in an arrangement, the ability to identify VSOE, TPE or BESP for those elements, and the fair value of the respective elements could materially impact the amounts of earned and unearned revenue we record.

Warranty Reserve

The standard warranty periods for our products typically range from one to five years. We establish reserves for estimated product warranty costs at the time revenue is recognized based upon our historical warranty experience, and additionally for any known product warranty issues. Although we engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, use of materials or service delivery costs that differ from our estimates. As a result, increases or decreases to warranty reserves could be required, which could impact our gross margins.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Our evaluation of the collectability of customer accounts receivable is based on various factors. In cases where we are aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations subsequent to the original sale, we will record an allowance against amounts due. For all other customers, we estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the length of time the receivables are past due, our history of bad debts and general industry conditions. If a major customer’s credit-worthiness deteriorates, or our customers’ actual defaults exceed our estimates, our financial results could be impacted. 

Inventory Valuation

We value inventories at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or market, whereby we make estimates regarding the market value of our inventories, including an assessment of excess and obsolete inventories. We determine excess and obsolete inventories based on an estimate of the future sales demand for our products within a specified time horizon, which is generally twelve months. The estimates we use for demand are also used for near-term capacity planning and inventory purchasing. In addition, specific reserves are recorded to cover risks in the area of end-of-life products, inventory located at our contract manufacturers, deferred inventory in our sales channel and warranty replacement stock. If actual product demand or market conditions are less favorable than our estimates, additional inventory write-downs could be required, which would increase our cost of revenue and reduce our gross margins.

Valuation of Deferred Income Taxes

We have recorded a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets to zero, primarily due to historical net operating losses and uncertainty of generating future taxable income. We consider estimated future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If we determine that it is more likely than not that we will realize a deferred tax asset that currently has a valuation allowance, we would be required to reverse the valuation allowance, which would be reflected as an income tax benefit in our consolidated statements of operations at that time.

Goodwill Impairment Testing

We evaluate goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in our fiscal fourth quarter or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our single reporting unit below its carrying amount. We begin by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Based on that qualitative assessment, if we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we conduct a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of our single reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. We estimate the fair value of our reporting unit using a combination of the income and market approach. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, we perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test which involves comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying value of that goodwill. The amount by which the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, if any, is recognized as an impairment loss.

Significant management judgment is required in estimating the reporting unit’s fair value and in the creation of the forecasts of future operating results that are used in the discounted cash flow method of valuation, including (i) estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, (ii) estimation of the long-term rate of growth of our business, (iii) estimation of the useful lives over which cash flows will occur and (iv) the determination of our weighted average cost of capital, which helps determine the discount rate. Our estimate of the reporting unit’s fair value would also generally include the consideration of a control premium, which is the amount that a buyer is willing to pay over the current market price of a company as indicated by the traded price per share (i.e., market capitalization), in order to acquire a controlling interest. If our actual financial results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating the fair value of our reporting unit, we may be exposed to goodwill impairment losses.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, using a combination of the income and market approaches of valuation, we performed the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test described above. Such test resulted in an estimated fair value of our reporting unit in excess of our book value. Accordingly, we concluded that no goodwill impairment existed as of June 30, 2016.

Share-Based Compensation

We record share-based compensation in our consolidated statements of operations as an expense, based on the estimated grant date fair value of our share-based awards, whereby such fair values are amortized to expense over the requisite service period. Our share-based awards are currently comprised of stock options, restricted stock units and common stock purchase rights granted under our employee stock purchase plan. The fair value of our stock options and stock purchase rights is generally estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton, or BSM, option-pricing formula. While utilizing the BSM model meets established requirements, the estimated fair values generated by the model may not be indicative of the actual fair values of our share-based awards as the model does not consider certain factors important to those awards to employees, such as continued employment and periodic vesting requirements as well as limited transferability. The determination of the fair value of share-based awards utilizing the BSM model is affected by our stock price and a number of assumptions, including the expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yields. The expected term of our stock options is generally estimated using the simplified method, as permitted by guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock price. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury interest rates appropriate for the expected term of our stock options and stock purchase rights. The fair value of our restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. If factors change and we employ different assumptions, share-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested share-based awards, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned share-based compensation expense.

Results of Operations - Fiscal Years Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

Summary

References to “fiscal 2016” refer to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 and references to “fiscal 2015” refer to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015.

For fiscal 2016, our net revenue declined by approximately $2.4 million, or 5.5%, as compared to fiscal 2015. Our net loss for fiscal 2016 was $2.0 million as compared to $2.8 million for fiscal 2015. Operating expenses for fiscal 2016 declined by approximately $1.7 million, or 7.2%, as compared to fiscal 2015.

Net Revenue

The following tables present our net revenue by product lines and by geographic region:

IoT

Net revenue from our IoT product line decreased in fiscal 2016 as we experienced a decline in unit shipments of many of our legacy product families. The decline in our legacy products was in line with our expectations, and it was relatively consistent with the approximate 10% annual rate of decline that we experienced in the two prior fiscal years. The overall decrease in net revenue was partially offset by increased unit sales of the xPico Wi-Fi, primarily in the EMEA region.

IT Management

Fiscal 2016 net revenue from our IT Management product line increased due to growth in our new SLC 8000 in both the Americas and EMEA regions, as we transitioned from the legacy SLC to the SLC 8000 throughout fiscal 2016. The overall increase in this product line was partially offset by a decline in unit shipments of our SLB2 product family in the Americas, as we experienced stronger sales in fiscal 2015 in connection with a deployment with a large tier 1 customer.

Other

The overall decline in fiscal 2016 net revenue from our Other product line was driven by decreased unit shipments in our legacy SLC product, as we transitioned to the new SLC 8000 during fiscal 2016, as described above.

For comparative purposes, the following tables present our product line categorizations prior to our decision to reorganize how we present this information during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016. As discussed above, going forward we do not plan to disclose our net revenue by these categorizations.

Gross Profit

Gross profit represents net revenue less cost of revenue. Cost of revenue consists of the cost of raw material components, subcontract labor assembly from contract manufacturers, manufacturing overhead, establishing or relieving inventory reserves for excess and obsolete products or raw materials, warranty costs, royalties and share-based compensation.

The following table presents gross profit:

Gross profit as a percentage of net revenue (referred to as “gross margin”) for fiscal 2016 was consistent with fiscal 2015. In fiscal 2016 we saw lower material production costs, which were substantially offset by higher manufacturing overhead expenses in the current fiscal year.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of personnel-related expenses including salaries and commissions, share-based compensation, facility expenses, information technology, advertising and marketing expenses and professional legal and accounting fees.

The following table presents selling, general and administrative expenses:

The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2016 was primarily due to (i) lower headcount-related expenses, as we reduced headcount in order to reduce our operating expenses for fiscal 2016 and (ii) decreased spending on outside marketing programs and trade shows in connection with our efforts to reevaluate certain marketing strategies.

In February 2016, we initiated a strategic realignment plan to enable us to reallocate resources which was intended to optimize our sales and product development efforts. The restructuring activities were substantially completed by June 30, 2016, and consisted of severance, lease termination and other associated costs. These activities resulted in charges to selling, general and administrative expenses of approximately $223,000 for fiscal 2016. Also included in the “Restructuring and severance expenses” line item in the table above are severance charges totaling $348,000, which is comprised of (i) a $286,000 charge related to severance for our former President and Chief Executive Officer and (ii) $62,000 in severance expenses related to our former Vice President of Worldwide Sales.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consisted of personnel-related expenses and share-based compensation, as well as expenditures to third-party vendors for research and development activities, and product certification costs.

The following table presents research and development expenses:

Research and development spending in fiscal 2016 was down slightly compared to the prior fiscal year, driven principally by lower outside services and product certification costs. We incurred approximately $24,000 in restructuring charges recorded in connection with the strategic realignment plan discussed further above. In July 2016, we announced the launch of our new subsidiary and IoT software lab in India to strengthen our product development efforts and we have plans to continue to expand our team in India. We expect to fund a significant portion of this expansion by reducing our spending on Outside Services for engineering resources. 

Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net, is comprised primarily of foreign currency remeasurement and transaction adjustments related to our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar.

Provision for Income Taxes

The following table presents the provision for income taxes:

The following table presents our effective tax rate based upon our provision for income taxes:

We utilize the liability method of accounting for income taxes. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate resulted primarily from the effect of our domestic losses recorded without a tax benefit, as well as the effect of foreign earnings taxed at rates differing from the federal statutory rate. We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. As a result of our cumulative losses and uncertainty of generating future taxable income, we provided a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets for fiscal 2016 and 2015.

Due to the “change of ownership” provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, utilization of our net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to an annual limitation against taxable income in future periods. As a result of the annual limitation, a portion of these carryforwards may expire before ultimately becoming available to reduce future income tax liabilities. The following table presents our NOLs:

Our NOL carryovers for federal income tax purposes begin to expire in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021. Our NOL carryovers for state income tax purposes began to expire in fiscal 2013. At June 30, 2016, our fiscal 2013 through 2016 tax years remain open to examination by the federal taxing jurisdiction and our fiscal 2012 through 2016 tax years remain open to examination by the state taxing jurisdictions. However, we have NOLs beginning in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2001 which would cause the statute of limitations to remain open for the year in which the NOL was incurred.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

The following table presents details of our working capital and cash and cash equivalents:

Our principal sources of cash and liquidity include our existing cash and cash equivalents, borrowings and amounts available under our line of credit, and cash generated from operations. We believe that these sources will be sufficient to fund our current requirements for working capital, capital expenditures and other financial commitments for at least the next 12 months. We anticipate that the primary factors affecting our cash and liquidity are net revenue, working capital requirements and capital expenditures.

Management defines cash and cash equivalents as highly liquid deposits with original maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. We maintain cash and cash equivalents balances at certain financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by federal agencies. Management does not believe this concentration subjects us to any unusual financial risk beyond the normal risk associated with commercial banking relationships. We frequently monitor the third-party depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents. Our emphasis is primarily on safety of principal and secondarily on maximizing yield on those funds.

Our future working capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the timing and amount of our net revenue, research and development expenses, and expenses associated with any strategic partnerships or acquisitions and infrastructure investments.

On June 16, 2016, we entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Hale Capital Partners, LP, or Hale Capital, pursuant to which we issued 1,941,748 shares of our common stock to Hale Capital at a price of $1.03 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $2.0 million. After legal fees, we received net proceeds of $1.975 million from the sale of these shares.

We expect our existing cash and cash equivalents, amounts available under our credit facilities and cash generated from operations to be sufficient to fund our capital expenditures, our working capital and other cash requirements. From time to time, we may seek additional capital from public or private offerings of our capital stock, borrowings under our existing or future credit lines or other sources in order to (i) develop or enhance our products, (ii) take advantage of future opportunities, (iii) respond to competition or (iv) continue to operate our business. We currently have a Form S-3 shelf registration statement on file with the SEC. If we issue equity or debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise any such capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

As of June 30, 2016, approximately $192,000 of our cash was held in foreign subsidiary bank accounts. This cash is unrestricted with regard to foreign liquidity needs; however, our ability to utilize a portion of this cash to satisfy liquidity needs outside of such foreign locations may be subject to approval by the relevant foreign subsidiary’s board of directors.

Loan Agreement

On September 30, 2014, we entered into an amendment, or the Amendment, to our existing Loan and Security Agreement dated May 23, 2006 (as amended, the “Loan Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank, or SVB. The Amendment provides, among other things, for (i) a renewal of our $4.0 million revolving line of credit with an extended maturity date of September 30, 2016 and (ii) a modification of the revolving credit line borrowing base formula to include a portion of our foreign accounts receivable to the borrowing base and increase the borrowing limit related to domestic accounts receivable. We are currently in negotiations with SVB to renew the terms of the Loan Agreement that are set to expire on September 30, 2016.

The Loan Agreement provides for an interest rate per annum equal to the greater of the prime rate plus 0.75% or 4.0%, provided that we maintain a monthly quick ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 or greater. The quick ratio measures our ability to use our cash and cash equivalents maintained at SVB to extinguish or retire our current liabilities immediately. If this ratio is not met, the interest rate will become the greater of the prime rate plus 1.25% or 4.0%. At June 30, 2016, we met the 1.0 to 1.0 or greater quick ratio.

The Loan Agreement includes a covenant requiring us to maintain a certain Minimum Tangible Net Worth, or Minimum TNW, currently required to be at least $8.0 million, which was adjusted upward from the previous $6.0 million as a result of our sale of common stock to Hale Capital in June 2016, as further discussed above. The Minimum TNW is subject to adjustment upward to the extent we raise additional equity or debt financing or achieve net income in future quarters. Our Actual Tangible Net Worth, or Actual TNW, is calculated as total stockholders’ equity, less goodwill. If we continue to incur net losses, we may have difficulty satisfying the Minimum TNW financial covenant in the future, in which case we may be unable to borrow funds under the Loan Agreement and any amounts outstanding may need to be repaid immediately.

The following table sets forth the Minimum TNW compared to our Actual TNW:

The following table presents certain information with respect to the Loan Agreement with SVB:

Our outstanding letters of credit at June 30, 2016 and 2015 were used as security deposits.

Cash Flows

The following table presents the major components of the consolidated statements of cash flows:

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2016 increased as compared to the prior year due primarily to (i) a lower net loss and (ii) a decrease in inventories during fiscal 2016 of approximately $2.9 million, driven by our efforts to reduce inventory purchases to align with demand, along with the sale of inventories built up in the prior fiscal year. We also experienced a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $912,000 during fiscal 2016 as we lowered current year inventory levels and paid for inventories accumulated in the prior fiscal year. Additionally, accounts receivable increased $506,000 from June 30, 2015 to June 30, 2016 due primarily to increased net revenues in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 as compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2016 was related to capital expenditures for the purchase of property and equipment, primarily related to (i) a software license we acquired for product development and (ii) tooling and test equipment for new product deployment. Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2015 related primarily to purchases of tooling and test equipment and website development costs.

Financing Activities

The increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily related to approximately $2.0 million in net proceeds we received from the sale of 1.9 million shares of our common stock in June 2016, as discussed above, partially offset by the repayment of $700,000 in borrowings on our line of credit. During fiscal 2016, we also received $174,000 in proceeds from the sale of our common stock to participants in our employee stock purchase plan.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As part of our ongoing business, we have not participated in transactions that generate material relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, or SPEs, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As of June 30, 2016, we were not involved in any material relationships with unconsolidated SPEs.

Not required for a “smaller reporting company.”

All financial statements required by this Item 8, including the report of our independent registered public accounting firm, are listed in Item 15 of this Report, as set forth beginning on page F-1 of this Report, and are hereby incorporated by reference into this Item 8.

None.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2016. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2016, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate “internal control over financial reporting,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2016 based on the criteria set forth in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 30, 2016.

This Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Report because we are a “smaller reporting company.”

(c) Changes in internal controls over financial reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

(d) Inherent Limitation on Effectiveness of Controls

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

None.

PART III

Portions of our definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A relating to our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report, as indicated below.

The names of our executive officers and their ages, titles and biographies as of the date hereof are set forth in Item 1 in the section entitled “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Item 1 of this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The other information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A relating to our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders. 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A relating to our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders. 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A relating to our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders. 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A relating to our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders. 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A relating to our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders.

PART IV

(a)             1.  Consolidated Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements and related Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are filed as part of this Report.

2.  Financial Statement Schedules

None.

3.  Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits immediately following the consolidated financial statements are filed as part of, and incorporated by reference into, this Report.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Lantronix, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lantronix, Inc. and subsidiaries as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion thereon. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Lantronix, Inc. and subsidiaries as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their consolidated cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ Squar Milner LLP

Newport Beach, California

August 24, 2016

LANTRONIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and par value data)

See accompanying notes.

LANTRONIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(1) Includes net revenue from related parties

See accompanying notes.

LANTRONIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes.

LANTRONIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes.

LANTRONIX, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

JUNE 30, 2016

1.           Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company

Lantronix, Inc. (referred to in these consolidated financial statements as “Lantronix”, “we,” “our,” or “us”), is a global provider of secure data access and management solutions for Internet of Things (“IoT”) and information technology assets. Our mission is to be the leading supplier of IoT gateways that enable companies to dramatically simplify the creation, deployment, and management of IoT projects while providing secure access to data for applications and people.

We were incorporated in California in 1989 and re-incorporated in Delaware in 2000.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lantronix and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. At June 30, 2016, approximately $2.3 million of our tangible assets were located outside of the United States (“U.S.”), and were substantially comprised of inventory held at (i) our third-party logistics provider in Hong Kong and (ii) our contract manufacturers in China.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The industry in which we operate is characterized by rapid technological change. As a result, estimates made in preparing the consolidated financial statements include the allowance for doubtful accounts, sales returns and allowances, inventory reserves, goodwill valuation, deferred income tax asset valuation allowances, share-based compensation and warranty reserves. To the extent there are material differences between our estimates and actual results, future results of operations will be affected.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior fiscal year financial information to conform to the current fiscal year presentation.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.

For each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, approximately 99% of our net revenues came from sales of hardware products. The remaining 1% of our net revenues in each of these years was primarily attributable to professional engineering services and extended warranty services. We sell extended warranty services which extend the warranty period for an additional one to three years, depending upon the product. Warranty net revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the warranty service period.

When product revenue is recognized, we establish an estimated allowance for future product returns based on historical returns experience. We also record reductions of revenue for pricing adjustments, such as competitive pricing programs and rebates, in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, based on approved pricing adjustments and historical experience. Actual product returns or pricing adjustments that differ from our estimates could result in increases or decreases to our net revenue.

A significant portion of our sales are made to distributors under agreements which contain a limited right to return unsold products and price adjustment provisions. Given these provisions, we have concluded the price to these distributors is not fixed and determinable at the time we deliver products to them. Accordingly, revenue and the related cost of revenue from sales to these distributors is not recognized until the distributor resells the product. In addition, when the deferred revenue attributable to any distributor exceeds their receivable balance due to Lantronix at the balance sheet date, such excess is reclassified from net accounts receivable to a customer deposit and refunds liability, which is included in other current liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Multiple-Element Arrangements

From time to time, we may enter into arrangements with customers that provide for multiple deliverables that generally include the sale of products, professional engineering services and other product qualification or certification services (collectively, the “deliverables”). Pursuant to the applicable accounting guidance, when multiple deliverables in an arrangement are separated into different units of accounting, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified separate units that have stand-alone value at the inception of the contract based on a relative selling price hierarchy. We determine the relative selling price for a deliverable based on its vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (“VSOE”), if available, third-party evidence (“TPE”), if VSOE is not available, and our best estimate of selling price, if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. We recognize the relative fair value of the deliverables as they are delivered assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Our evaluation of the collectability of customer accounts receivable is based on various factors, including the length of time the receivables are past due, our history of bad debts and general industry conditions. Accounts that are deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Our accounts receivable are primarily derived from revenue earned from customers located throughout North America, Europe and Asia. We perform periodic credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and maintain allowances for potential credit losses. Credit losses have historically been within our expectations. We generally do not require collateral or other security from our customers.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, contract manufacturers’ receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and long-term debt. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received in an asset sale or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between unaffiliated market participants. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether or not the inputs are observable in the market and the degree to which the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is prioritized into three levels (with Level 3 being the lowest) defined as follows:

Level 1:     Inputs are based on quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.

Level 2:     Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and/or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active near the measurement date.

Level 3:     Inputs include management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instrument’s valuation.

The hierarchy noted above requires us to minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to use observable market data, if available, when determining fair value. We do not have any assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and during the years ended June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015 we did not have any assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

We believe all of our financial instruments’ recorded values approximate their current fair values because of the nature and short duration of these instruments. The fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value because the related effective rates of interest approximate current market rates available to us for debt with similar terms and similar remaining maturities.

Foreign Currency Remeasurement

The functional currency for all our foreign subsidiaries is currently the U.S. dollar. Non-monetary and monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are valued in U.S. dollars at historical and end-of-period exchange rates, respectively. Exchange gains and losses from foreign currency transactions and remeasurements are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. Translation adjustments for foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency was previously the local currency are suspended in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income is composed of accumulated translation adjustments as of June 30, 2016 and 2015. We did not have any other comprehensive income or losses during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 or 2015.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term investments, with original maturities of 90 days or less.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. We provide reserves for excess and obsolete inventories determined primarily based upon estimates of future demand for our products. Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.

Inventory Sale and Purchase Transactions with Contract Manufacturers

Under certain circumstances, we sell raw materials to our contract manufacturers and subsequently repurchase finished goods from the contract manufacturers which contain such raw materials. Net sales of raw materials to the contract manufacturers are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as contract manufacturers’ receivables, and are eliminated from net revenue as we intend to repurchase the raw materials from the contract manufacturers in the form of finished goods. 

We have contractual arrangements with certain of our contract manufacturers that require us to purchase unused inventory that the contract manufacturer has purchased to fulfill our forecasted manufacturing demand. To the extent that inventory on-hand at one or more of these contract manufacturers exceeds our contractually reported forecasts, we record the amount we may be required to purchase as part of other current liabilities and inventories on the consolidated balance sheets.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, generally ranging from three to five years. Depreciation and amortization of leasehold improvements are computed using the shorter of the remaining lease term or five years. Major renewals and betterments are capitalized, while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, are expensed as incurred.

Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs

We capitalize the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use. Capitalized computer software costs consist of purchased software licenses and implementation costs. Capitalized software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of three to five years.

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the acquired net tangible and intangible assets acquired. We evaluate goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in our fiscal fourth quarter or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our single reporting unit below its carrying amount. We begin by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Based on that qualitative assessment, if we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we conduct a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of our single reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. We estimate the fair value of our reporting unit using a combination of the income and market approach. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, we perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test which involves comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying value of that goodwill. The amount by which the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, if any, is recognized as an impairment loss.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, using a combination of the income and market approaches of valuation, we performed the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test described above. Such test resulted in an estimated fair value of our reporting unit in excess of our book value. Accordingly, we concluded that no goodwill impairment existed as of June 30, 2016.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are computed under the liability method. This method requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period of enactment. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Financial statement effects of a tax position are initially recognized when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

Share-Based Compensation

We account for share-based compensation by expensing the estimated grant date fair value of our shared-based awards over the requisite service period. We record amortization of share-based compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period of the grant. We also estimate forfeitures based on historical experience in our calculation of share-based compensation expense.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net income (loss) per share (basic) is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the fiscal year. Net income (loss) per share (diluted) is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, assuming any dilutive effects of outstanding share-based awards using the treasury stock method.

Research and Development Costs

Costs incurred in the research and development of new products and enhancements to existing products are expensed as incurred. Development costs of computer software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when a product’s technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. In most instances, we believe our current process for developing products is essentially completed concurrently with the establishment of technological feasibility and as a result, software development costs have been expensed as incurred.

Warranty

The standard warranty periods for our products typically range from one to five years. We establish reserves for estimated product warranty costs at the time revenue is recognized based upon our historical warranty experience, and additionally for any known product warranty issues. Although we engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, use of materials or service delivery costs that differ from our estimates.

Advertising Expenses

Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred.

Segment Information

We have one operating and reportable business segment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standard which superseded existing revenue recognition guidance under current U.S. GAAP. The standard is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, among other things, companies will generally need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under the current guidance. The standard permits the use of either a retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. In July 2015, FASB deferred the effective date of the standard by an additional year; however, it provided companies the option to adopt one year earlier, commensurate with the original effective date. More recently, FASB has issued guidance clarifying certain topics such as (i) gross versus net revenue reporting, (ii) identifying performance obligations and licensing and (iii) accounting for shipping and handling fees and costs and accounting for consideration given by a vendor to a customer. The standard will be effective for Lantronix in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2018, with an option to adopt the standard for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating this standard and have not yet selected a transition method or the effective date on which we plan to adopt the standard, nor have we determined the effect of the standard on our financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2014, FASB issued an accounting standard which requires management of an entity to assess, for each annual and interim period, if there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the financial statement issuance date. The definition of substantial doubt within the new standard incorporates a likelihood threshold of “probable” similar to the use of that term under current U.S. GAAP for loss contingencies. Certain disclosures are required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The standard will be effective for Lantronix in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2016. We do not expect adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2015, FASB issued final guidance simplifying the balance sheet classification of deferred taxes. The guidance requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. As a result, each jurisdiction now only has one net noncurrent deferred tax asset or liability. The guidance does not change the existing requirement that only permits offsetting within a jurisdiction – that is, companies are still prohibited from offsetting deferred tax liabilities from one jurisdiction against deferred tax assets of another jurisdiction. Lantronix elected to adopt this guidance as of the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015. We have retrospectively applied this guidance to the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2015, which had the effect of increasing our working capital by $442,000 as compared to what was originally reported as of that date.

In February 2016, FASB issued an accounting standard that revises lease accounting guidance. The standard requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheets, but recognize expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to the previous guidance. The standard will be effective for Lantronix in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, FASB issued accounting guidance that changes how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. Among other things, under the new guidance companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in-capital (“APIC”), but will instead record such items as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, and APIC pools will be eliminated. Companies will apply this guidance prospectively. Another component of the new guidance allows companies to make an accounting policy election for the impact of forfeitures on the recognition of expense for share-based payment awards, whereby forfeitures can be estimated, as required today, or recognized when they occur. If elected, the change to recognize forfeitures when they occur needs to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. The guidance will be effective for Lantronix in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our financial statements and related disclosures.

2.           Supplemental Financial Information

Inventories

The following table presents details of our inventories:

Property and Equipment

The following table presents details of property and equipment:

____________

* Includes $470,000 and $255,000 of capitalized software costs at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The following table presents details of property and equipment recorded in connection with capital lease obligations:

The amortization of property and equipment recorded in connection with capital lease obligations is included within depreciation expense recorded in the applicable functional line items on our consolidated statements of operations.

Warranty Reserve

The following table presents details of our warranty reserve:

Other Liabilities

The following table presents details of our other liabilities:

Advertising Expenses

The following table presents details of our advertising expenses:

Computation of Net Loss per Share

The following table presents the computation of net loss per share:

The following table presents the common stock equivalents excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation because they were anti-dilutive for the periods presented. These excluded common stock equivalents could be dilutive in the future.

Separation Agreement with Former President and Chief Executive Officer

In December 2015, we entered into a separation and release agreement (the “Separation Agreement”) with Kurt F. Busch, our former President and Chief Executive Officer. The Separation Agreement provided for (i) release of all claims by Mr. Busch in favor of Lantronix; (ii) a cash payment to Mr. Busch of $271,000, which was paid in January 2016; and (iii) the acceleration of vesting of 50,000 restricted stock units, for which we recorded a net $52,000 share-based compensation charge. Both the $271,000 cash payment and the share-based compensation charge are included in selling, general and administrative expense in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2016.

Restructuring

In February 2016, we initiated a strategic realignment plan to enable us to reallocate resources intended to optimize our sales and product development efforts. The restructuring activities were substantially completed by June 30, 2016, and consisted of severance, lease termination and other associated costs. These activities resulted in total charges of approximately $247,000, and are included in the applicable functional line items within our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2016.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table presents non-cash investing and financing transactions excluded from the consolidated statements of cash flows:

3.           Bank Line of Credit

On September 30, 2014, we entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to our existing Loan and Security Agreement dated May 23, 2006 (as amended, the “Loan Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). The Amendment provides, among other things, for (i) a renewal of our $4.0 million revolving line of credit with an extended maturity date of September 30, 2016 and (ii) a modification of the revolving credit line borrowing base formula to include a portion of our foreign accounts receivable to the borrowing base and increase the borrowing limit related to domestic accounts receivable.

The Loan Agreement provides for an interest rate per annum equal to the greater of the prime rate plus 0.75% or 4.0%, provided that we maintain a monthly quick ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 or greater. The quick ratio measures our ability to use our cash and cash equivalents maintained at SVB to extinguish or retire our current liabilities immediately. If this ratio is not met, the interest rate will become the greater of the prime rate plus 1.25% or 4.0%. At June 30, 2016, we met the 1.0 to 1.0 or greater quick ratio.

The Loan Agreement includes a covenant requiring us to maintain a certain Minimum Tangible Net Worth (“Minimum TNW”), currently required to be at least $8.0 million, which was adjusted upward from the previous $6.0 million as a result of our sale of common stock in June 2016, as further discussed in Note 4. The Minimum TNW is subject to adjustment upward to the extent we raise additional equity or debt financing or achieve net income in future quarters. Our Actual Tangible Net Worth (“Actual TNW”) is calculated as total stockholders’ equity, less goodwill. If we continue to incur net losses, we may have difficulty satisfying the Minimum TNW financial covenant in the future, in which case we may be unable to borrow funds under the Loan Agreement and any amounts outstanding may need to be repaid immediately.

The following table presents the Minimum TNW compared to our Actual TNW:

The following table presents certain information with respect to the Loan Agreement with SVB:

Our outstanding letters of credit at June 30, 2016 and 2015 were used as security deposits.

4.           Stockholders’ Equity

Private Placement Sale of Common Stock

On June 16, 2016, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Hale Capital Partners, LP (“Hale Capital”), pursuant to which we issued 1,941,748 shares of our common stock to Hale Capital at a price of $1.03 per share, which reflects the closing price of our common stock as of June 15, 2016, for an aggregate purchase price of $2.0 million. After legal fees, we received net proceeds of $1.975 million from the sale of these shares.

The sale of the shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) in reliance on the exemption afforded by Section 4(a)(2) thereof and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, as a transaction not involving a public offering.

Stock Incentive Plans

We have stock incentive plans in effect under which non-qualified and incentive stock options to purchase shares of Lantronix common stock (“stock options”) have been granted to employees, non-employees and board members. In addition, we have previously granted restricted common stock awards (“non-vested shares”) to employees and board members under these plans. Our current stock incentive program is governed by our Amended and Restated 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 SIP”). Shares reserved for issuance under this plan include rollover shares, which are any shares subject to equity compensation awards granted under our previous stock plan that expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised in full or that are forfeited or repurchased by Lantronix by virtue of their failure to vest. A maximum of 2.1 million such shares are eligible for rollover. The 2010 SIP authorizes awards of stock options (both incentive and non-qualified), stock appreciation rights, non-vested shares, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance shares. New shares are issued to satisfy stock option exercises and share issuances. As of June 30, 2016, approximately 2.6 million shares remain available for issuance under the 2010 SIP.

The Compensation Committee of our board of directors determines eligibility, vesting schedules and exercise prices for options and shares granted under the plans. Stock option awards are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of our common stock at the date of grant. Stock option awards generally have a contractual term of seven to ten years. Share-based awards generally vest and become exercisable over a one to four year service period. As of June 30, 2016, no stock appreciation rights, non-vested shares, or performance shares were outstanding. No income tax benefit was realized from activity in the share-based plans during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

Stock Option Awards

The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“BSM”) option-pricing formula. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of our stock price. The expected term of options granted is estimated using the simplified method, as permitted by guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission. We use the simplified method because we believe we are unable to rely on our limited historical exercise data or alternative information as a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term of such options. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury interest rates appropriate for the expected term of our stock options.

The following weighted-average assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of all of our stock option grants:

The following table presents a summary of activity for all of our stock options:

The following table presents a summary of grant-date fair value and intrinsic value information for all of our stock options:

Restricted Stock Units

The fair value of our RSUs is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

The following table presents a summary of activity with respect to our RSUs during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), under which 1.3 million shares of our common stock were initially reserved for future issuance. The ESPP is intended to provide employees with an opportunity to purchase our common stock through accumulated payroll deductions. Each of our employees (including officers) is eligible to participate in the ESPP, subject to certain limitations, as defined in the ESPP.

The ESPP is implemented by consecutive, overlapping offering periods lasting 24 months (an “Offering Period”), with a new Offering Period commencing on the first trading day on or after May 16 and November 16 of each year. Common stock may be purchased under the ESPP every six months (a “Purchase Period”), at a price not less than 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our common stock on the (i) the first trading day of each Offering Period or (ii) the last trading day of each Purchase Period. To the extent the fair market value of our common stock on the enrollment date of a new Offering Period is lower than the fair market value of our common stock on the enrollment date of the immediately preceding Offering Period, then all participants in the immediately preceding Offering Period will be automatically withdrawn from such Offering Period immediately after the exercise of their options on the exercise date immediately preceding the new Offering Period and automatically re-enrolled in the new Offering Period as of the first day thereof. Generally, a participant in the ESPP may withdraw from an Offering Period at any time without affecting his or her eligibility to participate in future Offering Periods and may increase or decrease the rate of their payroll deductions during an Offering Period.

The per share fair value of stock purchase rights granted in connection with the ESPP was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

The following table presents a summary of activity under our ESPP during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016: