LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORP - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

 

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED September 30, 2023

 

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM __________ TO __________

 

Commission file number 000-18032

 

 

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

State of Delaware	93-0835214
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
5555 NE Moore Court, Hillsboro, OR	97124
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(503) 268-8000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value	LSCC	Nasdaq Global Select Market

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes ☒  No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒  No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes ☐  No ☒

 

Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of October 24, 2023

138,028,377

 

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Table of Contents

 

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve estimates, assumptions, risks, and uncertainties. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions, or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. We use words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” "possible," “predict,” “projects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “future,” “potential,” and similar words or phrases to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about: our target or expected financial performance and our ability to achieve those results; future impacts of the ongoing military conflicts between Ukraine and Russia, and in the Middle East, and the outbreak of new, or expansion of current, military conflicts or terrorism; the impact of any continuing trade or travel restrictions on the export and import of products between the U.S. and China; the impact of any deterioration in relations between Taiwan and China, and other factors affecting military, political, or economic conditions in Taiwan or elsewhere in Asia; the impact of tariffs, trade sanctions, license requirements or similar actions on our suppliers and customers; the impact of inflationary pressures; future impacts of global pandemics, epidemics, and other public health problems; our business strategy; our opportunities to increase our addressable market; our expectations and strategies regarding market trends and opportunities, including market segment drivers such as wireless and wireline communications infrastructure deployments, datacenter servers and networking equipment, client computing platforms, industrial Internet of Things, factory automation, robotics, automotive electronics, smart homes, prosumers, and other applications; our expectations regarding our customer base and the impacts of our customers’ actions on our business; our expectations regarding both new and existing product offerings; our gross margin growth and our strategies to achieve gross margin growth and other financial results; our future investments in research and development; future financial results or accounting treatments; our judgments involved in accounting matters, including revenue recognition, inventories and cost of revenue, and income taxes; actions we may take regarding the design and continued effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting; our use of cash; our beliefs regarding the adequacy of our liquidity, capital resources and facilities; whether we will consider and act upon acquisition opportunities to extend our product, technology and product offerings, and the impact of such opportunities on our business; our expectations regarding taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, and tax adjustments and allowances; whether we will pursue future stock repurchases and how any future repurchases will be funded; our ability to prevent and respond to information technology system failures, security breaches and incidents, cyber-attacks or fraud; the impact of laws and regulations addressing privacy, data protection, and cybersecurity and our ability to comply with the same; and our beliefs regarding legal or administrative proceedings.

These forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those statements expressed in the forward-looking statements. The key factors, among others, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include global economic conditions and uncertainty, including as a result of trade-related restrictions or tariffs, inflationary pressures, or the effect of any downturn in the economy on capital markets and credit markets; the effects of global military conflicts, pandemics or widespread global health problems and the actions by governments, businesses, and individuals in response to the situation, the effects of which may give rise to or amplify the risks associated with many of these factors listed here; and other factors more fully described herein or that are otherwise described from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including, but not limited to, the items discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 17, 2023 and any additional or updated risk factors discussed in any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed since that date.

You should not unduly rely on forward-looking statements because our actual results could differ materially from those expressed by us. In addition, any forward-looking statement applies only as of the date of this filing. We do not plan to, and undertake no obligation to, update any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or new events, circumstances or developments, or otherwise.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(unaudited)

The following summarizes the changes in total equity for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023:

The following summarizes the changes in total equity for the nine-month period ended October 1, 2022:

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (continued)

(unaudited)

The following summarizes the changes in total equity for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023:

The following summarizes the changes in total equity for the three-month period ended October 1, 2022:

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

Lattice Semiconductor Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Lattice,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) develop technologies that we monetize through differentiated programmable logic semiconductor products, silicon-enabling products, system solutions, design services, and technology licenses.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("U.S. GAAP") and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In our opinion, they include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of results for the interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the SEC's rules and regulations for interim reporting. These Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 ("2022 10-K").

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments affecting the amounts reported in our consolidated condensed financial statements and the accompanying notes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions, and our beliefs of what could occur in the future considering available information. While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information available when made, and because of the uncertainty inherent in these matters, the actual results that we experience may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis.

We describe our accounting methods and practices in more detail in our 2022 10-K. There have been no changes to the significant accounting policies, procedures, or general information described in our 2022 10-K that have had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related notes. Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Fiscal Reporting Periods

We report based on a 52 or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. Our fiscal 2023 will be a 52-week year and will end on December 30, 2023, and our fiscal 2022 was a 52-week year that ended December 31, 2022. Our third quarter of fiscal 2023 and third quarter of fiscal 2022 ended on September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, respectively. All references to quarterly financial results are references to the results for the relevant 13-week or 39-week fiscal period.

Concentrations of Risk

Potential exposure to concentrations of risk may impact revenue and accounts receivable. Distributors have historically accounted for a significant portion of our total revenue. Revenue attributable to distributors as a percentage of total revenue was 90% for the third quarter of both fiscal 2023 and 2022, and 89% for both the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022. Distributors also account for a substantial portion of our net accounts receivable. Our two largest distributors accounted for 41% and 27% of net accounts receivable at September 30, 2023 and 47% and 27% of net accounts receivable at December 31, 2022.

Note 2 - Net Income per Share

Our calculation of the diluted share count includes the number of shares from our equity awards with market conditions or performance conditions that would be issuable under the terms of such awards at the end of the reporting period. For equity awards with a market condition, the number of shares included in the diluted share count as of the end of each period presented is determined by measuring the achievement of the market condition as of the end of the respective reporting periods. For equity awards with a performance condition, the number of shares that qualified for vesting as of the end of each period presented are included in the diluted share count when the condition for their issuance was satisfied by the end of the respective reporting periods. See "Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation" to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our equity awards with market conditions or performance conditions.

A summary of basic and diluted Net income per share is presented in the following table:

The computation of diluted Net income per share excludes the effects of stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") shares, and equity awards with a market condition or performance condition that are antidilutive, aggregating approximately the following number of shares:

Note 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of revenue

The following tables provide information about revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by channel and by geographical market, based on ship-to location of our customer:

Contract balances

Our contract assets relate to our rights to consideration for licenses and royalties due to us as a member of the HDMI Founders consortium. The balance results primarily from the amount of estimated revenue related to HDMI that we have recognized to date, but which has not yet been distributed to us by the HDMI licensing agent. Contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes activity during the first nine months of fiscal 2023:

Contract liabilities are included in Accrued liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes activity during the first nine months of fiscal 2023:

Note 4 - Balance Sheet Components

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable do not bear interest and are shown net of an allowance for expected lifetime credit losses, which reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance, as described in our 2022 10-K.

Inventories

Property and Equipment – Geographic Information

Our Property and equipment, net by country at the end of each period was as follows:

Accrued Liabilities

Included in Accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are the following balances:

Note 5 - Long-Term Debt

On September 1, 2022, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”), which provides for a five-year secured revolving loan facility with an aggregate principal amount of up to $350 million. Details of the revolving loan facility, including the basis for interest and covenants are described in the 2022 Credit Agreement.

The revolving loans under the 2022 Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed at our discretion, with any remaining outstanding principal amount due and payable on the maturity date of the revolving loan on September 1, 2027. During the first nine months of fiscal 2023, we made discretionary payments totaling $130 million on the revolving loans outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement.

The fair value of our long-term debt approximates the carrying value, which is reflected in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

We pay a quarterly commitment fee of 0.20% on the unused portion of the revolving facility. Interest expense related to our long-term debt was included in Interest expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows:

Note 6 - Restructuring

In the third quarter of 2023, our management approved and executed an internal restructuring plan (the “Q3 2023 Plan”), which included a targeted workforce reduction intended to reorganize critical roles and focus skillsets in key growth markets. We incurred restructuring costs of approximately $1.5 million during the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2023. Under this plan, approximately $1.5 million of total costs have been incurred through September 30, 2023. The Q3 2023 plan is expected to be largely complete by the end of fiscal year 2024.

Under the Q2 2019 Sales Plan, which is described in the 2022 10-K, we incurred no restructuring costs in the third quarter or first nine months of fiscal 2023. In September 2022, our management approved and implemented additional contract cancellations and headcount reductions under the Q2 2019 Sales Plan, which focused on a restructuring of the global sales organization. With these actions, we incurred approximately $1.0 million of incremental restructuring costs in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2022. Under this plan, approximately $3.1 million of total costs have been incurred through September 30, 2023. All actions planned under the Q2 2019 Sales Plan have been implemented.

Under the June 2017 Plan, which is described in the 2022 10-K, we incurred less than $0.1 million of restructuring costs in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 and approximately $0.1 million of restructuring costs in the first nine months of fiscal 2023. We incurred approximately $1.1 million of incremental restructuring costs in the third quarter of fiscal 2022 related to an impairment of the operating lease right-of-use asset for our partially vacated facility in San Jose, California. Including these costs, we incurred restructuring costs of approximately $1.3 million and approximately $1.6 million during the third quarter and first nine months, respectively, of fiscal 2022. Under this plan, approximately $23.3 million of total costs have been incurred through September 30, 2023. All actions planned under the June 2017 Plan have been implemented.

These costs, and adjustments on previous plans, are recorded to Restructuring on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The restructuring accrual balance is presented in Accrued liabilities and in Other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table displays the activity related to our restructuring plans:

Note 7 - Leases

We have operating leases for corporate offices, sales offices, research and development facilities, storage facilities, and a data center. All of our facilities are leased under operating leases, which expire at various times through 2028, with a weighted-average remaining lease term of 3.4 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 5.8% as of September 30, 2023.

We recorded fixed operating lease expenses of $2.0 million and $1.9 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $5.8 million for both the first nine months of fiscal 2023 and 2022.

The following table presents the lease balance classifications within the Consolidated Balance Sheets and summarizes their activity during the first nine months of fiscal 2023:

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 are as follows:

Lease obligations for facilities restructured prior to the adoption of Topic 842 totaled approximately $4.9 million at September 30, 2023 and continued to be recorded in Other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Note 8 - Intangible Assets

In connection with our acquisition of Mirametrix, Inc. in November 2021, we recorded identifiable intangible assets during fiscal year 2021. On our Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Intangible assets, net are shown net of accumulated amortization of $143.7 million and $140.3 million, respectively. Additionally, we enter into license agreements for third-party technology and record them as intangible assets. These licenses are being amortized to Research and development expense over their estimated useful lives.

We recorded amortization expense related to intangible assets on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as presented in the following table:

Note 9 - Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation expense included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations is presented in the following table:

Market-Based and Performance-Based Stock Compensation

In the first and third quarters of fiscal 2023, we granted awards of RSUs with a market condition to certain executives. Under the terms of these grants, the RSUs with a market condition vest over a three-year period based on the Company’s total shareholder return ("TSR") relative to the Russell 3000 index, which condition is measured for the grants on either the third anniversary of the grant date, or equally on the first, second, and third anniversary of the grant date, depending on the executive. The awards may vest at 250% or 200%, depending on the executive, if the 75th percentile of the market condition is achieved, with 100% of the units vesting at the 55th percentile, zero vesting if relative TSR is below the 25th percentile, and vesting scaling for achievement between the 25th and 75th percentile.

In the first nine months of fiscal 2023, certain awards with a market condition or performance condition granted in prior fiscal years vested. During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the market condition for awards granted to certain executives in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 exceeded the 75th percentile of their TSR condition, and the second tranche of these awards vested at 250% or 200%, as applicable for the respective executive. Also during the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the first tranche of awards granted in fiscal 2021 with a performance condition vested. Under the terms of these grants, the RSUs with a performance condition will vest based on the Company generating specified levels of year-over-year revenue growth, which will be measured annually for one-fourth of the grants after each fiscal year-end through the end of fiscal 2024, with vesting of each tranche occurring 13 months after the performance condition is met. Vesting of these awards scales for achievement of year-over-year revenue growth compared to certain targets, with maximum vesting up to 200%. The first tranche of these awards vested at the 200% level of achievement, as the Company met the maximum year-over-year revenue growth performance criteria as of January 1, 2022. For the second tranche of these awards, the Company met the year-over-year revenue growth performance criteria at the 200% level of achievement as of December 31, 2022.

For our awards with a market condition or a performance condition, we incurred stock compensation expense of approximately $5.1 million and $5.5 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and approximately $21.0 million and $18.4 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is recorded as a component of total stock-based compensation.

The following table summarizes the activity for our awards with a market condition or performance condition:

Note 10 - Common Stock Repurchase Program

On August 8, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a stock repurchase program pursuant to which up to $150 million of outstanding common stock could be repurchased from time to time (the "2023 Repurchase Program"). The duration of the 2023 Repurchase Program is through the end of December 2023. During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, we repurchased 109,950 shares for $10.0 million, or an average price paid per share of $90.95. Under this plan during the first nine months of fiscal 2023, we have repurchased a total of 351,449 shares for $30.0 million, or an average price paid per share of $85.38. All repurchases were open market transactions funded from available working capital. All shares repurchased pursuant to the 2023 Repurchase Program were retired by the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the remaining portion of the amount authorized for the 2023 Repurchase Program is approximately $99.7 million.

Note 11 - Income Taxes

We are subject to federal and state income tax as well as income tax in the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. For the third quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, we recorded income tax expense of approximately $4.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively. For the first nine months of fiscal 2023 and 2022, we recorded income tax expense of approximately $9.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Income taxes for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022 represent tax at the federal, state, and foreign statutory tax rates in addition to withholding taxes, excess benefits from stock compensation, as well as other non-deductible items in foreign jurisdictions. The difference between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% and our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2022 resulted primarily from U.S. valuation allowance, foreign withholding taxes, foreign rate differentials, and the discrete impacts of excess tax benefits from stock compensation.

Our liability recorded for uncertain tax positions (including penalties and interest) was $22.1 million and $21.6 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is included as a component of Other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Note 12 - Contingencies

Legal Matters

On or about December 19, 2018, Steven A.W. De Jaray, Perienne De Jaray and Darrell R. Oswald (collectively, the “Plaintiffs”) commenced an action against the Company and several unnamed defendants in the Multnomah County Circuit Court of the State of Oregon, in connection with the sale of certain products by the Company to the Plaintiffs in or around 2008. The Plaintiffs alleged that we violated the Lanham Act, engaged in negligence, fraud, and breach of contract by failing to disclose to the Plaintiffs the export-controlled status of the subject parts. In January 2019, we removed the action to the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. On May 24, 2023, the Plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint, which added Apex-Micro Manufacturing Corporation as a plaintiff and removed the violation of the Lanham Act claim. The Plaintiffs seek damages of $180 million, punitive damages, and other remedies. At this stage of the proceedings, we do not have an estimate of the likelihood or the amount of any potential exposure to the Company; however, we continue to believe that these claims are without merit and intend to vigorously defend the action.

From time to time, we are exposed to certain additional asserted and unasserted potential claims. We review the status of each significant matter and assess its potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and a range of possible losses can be estimated, we then accrue a liability for the estimated loss. Legal proceedings are subject to uncertainties, and the outcomes are difficult to predict. Because of such uncertainties, accruals are based only on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, we reassess the potential liability related to pending claims and litigation and may revise estimates.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read along with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2022 10-K.

Overview

Lattice Semiconductor Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Lattice,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) develop technologies that we monetize through differentiated programmable logic semiconductor products, silicon-enabling products, system solutions, design services, and technology licenses. Lattice is the low power programmable leader. We solve customer problems across the network, from the Edge to the Cloud, in the growing communications, computing, industrial, automotive, and consumer markets. Our technology, long-standing relationships, and commitment to world-class support helps our customers quickly and easily unleash their innovation to create a smart, secure, and connected world.

Lattice has focused its strategy on delivering programmable logic products and related solutions based on low power, small size, and ease of use. We also serve our customers with intellectual property ("IP") licensing and various other services. Our product development activities include new proprietary products, advanced packaging, existing product enhancements, software development tools, soft IP, and system solutions for high-growth applications such as Edge Artificial Intelligence, wireless and wireline infrastructure, platform security, and factory automation.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Critical accounting policies are those that are both most important to the portrayal of a company's financial condition and results of operations, and that require management's most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. There have been no material changes to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2022 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments affecting the amounts reported in our consolidated condensed financial statements and the accompanying notes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions, and our beliefs of what could occur in the future considering available information. While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information available when made, and because of the uncertainty inherent in these matters, actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis.

Impact of Global Economic Activity on our Business

Increased financial market volatility, inflationary pressure, rising interest rates, recessionary concerns, uncertainty in the financial and banking industry, and geopolitical tension continue to impact business globally and may impact our operations by causing disruption to our labor markets and supply chains. The extent to which increased financial market volatility, inflationary pressures, global pandemics, and related uncertainty will impact our business activities will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

Results of Operations

Key elements of our Consolidated Statements of Operations, including as a percentage of revenue, are presented in the following table:

Revenue by End Market

We sell our products globally to a broad base of customers in three primary end market groups: Communications and Computing, Industrial and Automotive, and Consumer. We also provide IP licensing and services to these end markets.

Within these end markets, there are multiple segment drivers, including:

The end market data we use is derived from data provided to us by our customers. With a diverse base of customers who may manufacture end products spanning multiple end markets, the assignment of revenue to a specific end market requires the use of judgment. We also recognize certain revenue for which end customers and end markets are not yet known. We assign this revenue first to a specific end market using historical and anticipated usage of the specific products, if possible, and allocate the remainder to the end markets based on either historical usage for each product family or industry application data for certain product types.

The following are examples of end market applications for the periods presented:

The composition of our revenue by end market is presented in the following table:

Revenue from the Communications and Computing end market decreased by 6% for the third quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2022 and decreased by 5% for the first nine months of fiscal 2023 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2022 primarily due to softer end market demand in both wireless and wireline communications infrastructure, partially offset by strong demand in datacenter applications.

Revenue from the Industrial and Automotive end market increased by 28% for the third quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2022 and increased by 45% for the first nine months of fiscal 2023 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2022 primarily due to strong customer adoption in a broad range of applications, including industrial automation and robotics. Growth in Automotive was driven by the adoption of new designs in advanced driver assistance ("ADAS") and infotainment applications.

Revenue from the Consumer end market increased by 1% for the third quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2022 due to increased demand for our products in Consumer end market applications over the quarterly periods and decreased by 24% for the first nine months of fiscal 2023 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2022 primarily due to macroeconomic weakness in Consumer over the year-to-date periods.

Revenue by Geography

We have a diverse base of customers where distributors represent a significant portion of our total revenue. Our revenue by geographical market is based on the ship-to location of our customers, which can vary from time to time. Revenue from Asia decreased in the periods presented primarily due to the macroeconomic environment in the region, while revenue from the Americas and Europe increased due to increased demand in these regions.

The composition of our revenue by geography is presented in the following table:

Revenue from Customers

We sell our products to independent distributors and directly to customers. Distributors have historically accounted for a significant portion of our total revenue. Revenue attributable to distributors as a percentage of total revenue was 90% for the third quarter of both fiscal 2023 and 2022, and 89% for both the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022, respectively.

Gross Margin

The composition of our Gross margin, including as a percentage of revenue, is presented in the following table:

Gross margin, as a percentage of revenue, increased 120 basis points in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2022 and increased by 170 basis points in the first nine months of fiscal 2023 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2022. Improved margins were driven by benefits from our gross margin expansion strategy.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expense

The composition of our Research and development expense, including as a percentage of revenue, is presented in the following table:

Research and development expense includes costs for compensation and benefits, stock compensation, engineering wafers, depreciation and amortization, licenses, and outside engineering services. These expenditures are for the design of new products, IP cores, processes, packaging, and software solutions. The increase in Research and development expense for the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2023 compared to the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2022 was due primarily to increased headcount-related costs, including stock compensation, as we continue to invest in our long-term product roadmap, and depreciation and amortization related to our research and development equipment and tools. We believe that investing in research and development is important to delivering innovative products to our customers and, therefore, we expect to continue to increase our investment in research and development.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense

The composition of our Selling, general, and administrative expense, including as a percentage of revenue, is presented in the following table:

Selling, general, and administrative expense includes costs for compensation and benefits related to selling, general, and administrative employees, commissions, depreciation, professional and outside services, trade show, and travel expenses. The increase in Selling, general, and administrative expense for the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2023 compared to the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2022 was due primarily to increased headcount-related costs, including stock compensation and other costs, related to demand creation to support the growth of our business.

Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets

The composition of our Amortization of acquired intangible assets, including as a percentage of revenue, is presented in the following table:

Amortization of acquired intangible assets was flat between the third quarter of fiscal 2023 and the third quarter of fiscal 2022, and decreased for the first nine months of fiscal 2023 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2022 due to the end of the amortization period during the first quarter of fiscal 2022 for acquired intangible assets from previous acquisitions.

Restructuring

The composition of our Restructuring activity, including as a percentage of revenue, is presented in the following table: