LGL GROUP INC - Annual Report: 2016 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

_________________

FORM 10-K

ý

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2016

OR

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________________ to ______________________

Commission file number:  001-00106

The LGL Group, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware		38-1799862
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2525 Shader Road, Orlando, Florida		32804
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:  (407) 298-2000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value		NYSE MKT

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Warrants to purchase Common Stock (expiring August 6, 2018)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ☐   No ý

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes ☐   No ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ý   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ý   No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulations S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐          Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐          Smaller reporting company ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

Yes ☐ No ý

The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of the registrant's common stock on the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter of $3.28, was $7,147,940.  Solely for the purpose of this calculation, shares held by directors and executive officers of the registrant have been excluded.  Such exclusion should not be deemed a determination or an admission by the registrant that such individuals are, in fact, affiliates of the registrant.

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's common stock was 2,675,466  as of March 21, 2017.

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

			Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business.			1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.			6
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments.			14
Item 2.	Properties.			14
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings.			14
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.			14
PART II
Item 5.	Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.			15
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data.			16
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.			17
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.			20
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.			20
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.			20
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures.			20
Item 9B.	Other Information.			21
PART III
Item 10.	Directors and Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.			21
Item 11.	Executive Compensation.			21
Item 12.	Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.			21
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.			21
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services.			21
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.			22
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary			24

PART I

Caution Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

This annual report on Form 10-K (this "Report") and the Company's other communications and statements may contain "forward-looking statements," including statements about the Company's beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, estimates, projections and intentions. These statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, many of which are beyond the Company's control. The words "may," "could," "should," "would," "believe," "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan," "target," "goal," and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements, by their nature, are subject to risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in the Company's forward-looking statements. For information concerning these factors and related matters, see "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A in this Report, and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 in this Report. However, other factors besides those referenced could adversely affect the Company's results, and you should not consider any such list of factors to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties. Any forward-looking statements made by the Company herein speak as of the date of this Report. The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, except as required by law. As a result, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Item 1.	Business.

The LGL Group, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the "Company", "LGL", "we", "us", or "our") is a globally-positioned producer of industrial and commercial products and services. We operate in two identified segments. Our electronic components segment is currently focused on the design and manufacture of highly-engineered, high reliability frequency and spectrum control products.  These electronic components ensure reliability and security in aerospace and defense communications, low noise and base accuracy for laboratory instruments, and synchronous data transfers throughout the wireless and Internet infrastructure. Our electronic instruments segment is focused on the design and manufacture of high performance Frequency and Time reference standards that form the basis for timing and synchronization in various applications. The Company was incorporated in 1928 under the laws of the State of Indiana, and in 2007, the Company was reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware as The LGL Group, Inc. We maintain our executive offices at 2525 Shader Road, Orlando, Florida, 32804.  Our telephone number is (407) 298-2000.  Our common stock is traded on the NYSE MKT under the symbol "LGL." Our warrants to purchase common stock, expiring August 6, 2018, are available for trading on the over-the-counter market under the symbol "LGLPW."

We operate through our two principal subsidiaries, M-tron Industries, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, "MtronPTI"), which has design and manufacturing facilities in Orlando, Florida, Yankton, South Dakota and Noida, India and Precise Time and Frequency, LLC ("PTF") which has a design and manufacturing facility in Wakefield, Massachusetts. We also have local sales and customer support offices in Sacramento, California, Austin, Texas and Hong Kong.

Our primary objective is to create long-term growth with a market-based approach of designing and offering new products to our customers through both organic research and development, and through strategic partnerships, joint ventures, acquisitions or mergers. We seek to leverage our core strength as an engineering leader to expand client access, add new capabilities and continue to diversify our product offerings.  Our focus is on investments that will differentiate us, broaden our portfolio and lead toward higher levels of integration organically and through joint venture, merger and acquisition opportunities.  We believe that successful execution of this strategy will lead to a transformation of our product portfolio towards longer product life cycles, better margins and improved competitive position.

Overview of MtronPTI

Originally founded in 1965, MtronPTI designs, manufactures and markets highly-engineered, high reliability frequency and spectrum control products. 

These component-level devices are used extensively in infrastructure equipment for the telecommunications and network equipment industries, as well as in electronic systems for applications in defense, aerospace, earth-orbiting satellites, down-hole drilling, medical devices, instrumentation, industrial devices and global positioning systems. As an engineering-centric company, MtronPTI provides close support to the customer throughout their products' entire life cycle, including product design, prototyping, production, and subsequent product upgrades.  This collaborative approach has resulted in the development of long-standing business relationships with its blue-chip customer base.

All of its production facilities are ISO 9001:2008 certified, ITAR registered and RoHS compliant. In addition, its U.S. production facilities in Orlando and Yankton are AS9100 Rev C and MIL-STD-790 certified.

MtronPTI Products

MtronPTI's portfolio is divided into two product groupings, Frequency Control and Spectrum Control, and has expanded from primarily crystal-based components to include higher levels of integration, advanced materials science, cavity-based products, and various types of compensation methods employing integrated circuits and other methods to create products geared for applications that require high reliability in harsh environments.  These products are differentiated by their precise level of accuracy, their stability over time and within harsh environments, and their very low phase noise.

MtronPTI's Frequency Control product group includes a broad portfolio of XTAL, clock oscillators, VCXO, TCXO OCXO and DOCXO devices which meet some of the tightest specifications, including IEEE 1588 standards.  These devices may be based on quartz, quartz MEMS, or advanced materials science designed to achieve higher performance levels than quartz.  MtronPTI's products offer high reliability over a wide temperature range and are well-suited for harsh environments, including shock and vibration-resistant oscillators with low-g sensitivity.  These products are designed for applications within aerospace and defense, telecommunications infrastructure and instrumentation markets.

MtronPTI's Spectrum Control product group includes a wide array of RF, microwave and millimeter wave filters and diplexers covering a frequency range from 1 MHz to 90 GHz, and solid state power amplifiers covering a frequency range from 300 MHz to 26 GHz, with power output from 10 Watts to 10 kWatts.  Filter devices include crystal, ceramic, LC, tubular, combline, cavity, interdigital and metal insert waveguide, as well as digital, analog and mechanical tunable filters, switched filter arrays and RF subsystems.  Power amplifiers add active devices to MtronPTI's portfolio and include GaN, GaAS FET, LDMOS and chip and wire technologies in narrow or broadband, module or rack-mounted packages.  These products are employed in applications within the aerospace, defense and commercial markets.

New product development continues to be a key focus for MtronPTI as it continues to push its roadmap to meet the needs of its served markets.  Within Frequency Control, design efforts are focused on smaller packages, lower power, and use of new materials to provide compensation and harsh environment performance that surpasses customer requirements.  Spectrum Control seeks to develop higher power handling, higher levels of integration and a range of integrated products within the RF subsystem.

Overview of PTF

PTF designs, manufactures and markets for sale time and frequency products. The industries PTF serves include computer networking, satellite earth stations, electric utilities, broadcasting and telecommunication systems. PTF was originally founded in 2002 and the company's assets were acquired by LGL in September 2016 through a business acquisition, making us a broader based supplier of highly engineered products for the generation of time and frequency references for synchronization and control. Since its inception PTF has developed a comprehensive portfolio of time and frequency instruments complemented by a wide range of ancillary products such as distribution amplifiers and redundancy auto switches.

PTF Products

PTF's products range from simple, low cost time and frequency solutions, to premium products designed to deliver maximum performance for the most demanding applications. PTF's products include Frequency and Time Reference Standards, distribution amplifiers, redundancy auto switches and NTP servers, all of which are used in a broad range of applications worldwide.

PTF's Frequency and Time Reference Standards include quartz Frequency Standards, GPS/GNS Frequency and Time Standards and rubidium atomic Frequency Standards. The de facto standard for many highly demanding applications, such as satellite communications, is PTF's range of GPS/GNS disciplined quartz frequency and time standards. Because of the high quality quartz oscillators utilized they deliver outstanding phase noise and short term stability performance for applications where low noise is paramount. This outstanding short-term performance, coupled with the long-term stability and accuracy of the external GPS/GNS reference, provides the user an excellent all round performance that is highly cost effective.

When two or more computers are involved, accurate time keeping is a challenge especially when the computers are in different locations. PTF's range of GNS Time and Frequency References and Network Time Servers deliver a high level of performance that allows customers to synchronize to Universal Time Coordinated, in a number of cost effective forms to meet a multitude of time and frequency reference requirements. Applications range from low phase noise, highly stable and accurate, system frequency references for Sat-Com and Digital Broadcasting applications, to computer networks, shipboard time code references and e-commerce time stamping applications.

PTF's portfolio of distribution amplifiers covers multiple signal types including RF, digital, time code, configurable and optical. The distribution range is designed to complement the high quality of the frequency and time references, and provide the most effective cost/performance solution for the application, including options for full remote monitoring/control (including RF analog signal monitoring) and optional level control.

The distribution product range includes standard fixed configuration units with either 12 or 16 channels, together with more flexible units that allow the user to define specific configurations including different types of input/output signals combined into a convenient 1U or 2U package with up to 36 output channels.

PTF's series of redundancy auto switches range from simple level detection through to highly sophisticated sensing capability, extremely fast switching options and full Ethernet connectivity, to provide remote monitoring control, and including integration with SNMP management systems. The most recent model includes multi-channel input capability as well as the ability to switch up to three input types of signals.

Customers

We primarily work directly with OEMs to define the right solutions for their unique applications, including the design of custom parts with unique part numbers.  Actual sales of production parts may be directly to the OEM or through either their designated contract manufacturers ("CMs") or through franchised distributors of our products.  As a result, we have highly-skilled sales engineers who work directly with the designers and program managers at its OEMs, providing a high-level of engineering support at all points within the process.

In 2016, our largest customer, an electronics contract manufacturing company in the aerospace and defense markets, accounted for $3,275,000, or 15.7%, of the Company's total revenues, compared to $2,627,000, or 12.7%, in 2015.

As of December 31, 2016, four of our largest customers accounted for approximately $1,242,000, or 35.1%, of accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2015, three of our largest customers accounted for approximately $819,000, or 31.4%, at the end of 2015.  The insolvency of any of these customers could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.

Research and Development

Utilizing our understanding of market requirements, we employ a disciplined approach to capital allocation when selecting new product development projects.  A cross-functional team comprised of engineering, marketing, operations, sales and finance reviews the merits of specific projects, seeking to invest in products that will exceed a specific return on investment level and a payback expectation within one to two years.  In addition, the team considers the inherent value of intellectual property that each project presents with consideration for technical roadmap objectives.

Research and development expense was approximately $1,906,000 and $1,964,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and will remain a significant part of the Company's efforts to revitalize our IP position.

Marketing and Sales

We have a highly skilled team of sales engineers who work in tandem with a worldwide network of more than 30 independent external manufacturer representatives and franchised electronics distributors to market and sell our products.  An important part of the sales process is gaining qualification of specific products from the OEM, confirming suitability for use in a specific system design, which is commonly referred to as a "design-win."  Through direct contact with our clients and through our representative network, we are able to understand the needs of the marketplace and then guide our product development process to allocate resources to meeting those requirements.

Seasonality

Our business is not seasonal, although shipment schedules may be affected by the production schedules of our customers or their CMs based on regional practices or customs.

Domestic Revenues

Our domestic revenues were $14,893,000 in 2016, or 71.3% of total consolidated revenues, compared to $15,260,000, or 73.7% of total consolidated revenues, in 2015.

International Revenues

Our international revenues were $5,998,000 in 2016, or 28.7% of total consolidated revenues, compared to $5,453,000, or 26.3% of total consolidated revenues, in 2015.  In each of 2016 and 2015, these revenues were derived mainly from customers in Asia, with significant sales in Malaysia and China. We avoid significant currency exchange risk by transacting and settling substantially all international sales in United States dollars.

Order Backlog

Our order backlog was $10,549,000 and $8,799,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  The backlog of unfilled orders includes amounts based on signed contracts as well as agreed letters of intent, which we have determined are firm orders and likely to proceed.  Although backlog represents only firm orders that are considered likely to be fulfilled within the 12 months following receipt of the order, cancellations or scope adjustments may and do occur.

Order backlog is adjusted quarterly to reflect project cancellations, deferrals, revised project scope and cost.  We expect to fill our entire 2016 order backlog in 2017, but cannot provide assurances as to what portion of the order backlog will be fulfilled in a given year.

Raw Materials

Most raw materials used in the production of our products are available in adequate supply from a number of sources and the prices of these raw materials are relatively stable.  However, some raw materials, including printed circuit boards, quartz and certain metals including steel, aluminum, silver, gold, tantalum and palladium, are subject to greater supply fluctuations and price volatility, as experienced in recent years.  In general, we have been able to include some cost increases in our pricing, but in some cases our margins were adversely impacted.

Competition

We design, manufacture and market products for the generation, synchronization and control of time and frequency as well as spectrum control products.  There are numerous domestic and international manufacturers who are capable of providing custom-designed products comparable in quality and performance to our products.  Our competitive strategy begins with our focus on niche markets where precise specification and reliability are the major requirements. Competitors in our electronic components segment include, but are not limited to, Vectron International (a division of Knowles Corporation), K&L Microwave (a division of Dover Corporation), Symmetricom (a division of Microsemi Corporation), and Rakon Limited.  Competitors in our electronic instruments segment include, but are not limited to, Symmetricom, Spectracom Corporation and Brandywine Communications.

Intellectual Property

We have no patents, trademarks or licenses that are considered to be significant to our business or operations.  Rather, we believe that our technological position depends primarily on the technical competence and creative ability of our engineering and technical staff in areas of product design and manufacturing processes, including their ability to customize to meet difficult specifications, as well as proprietary know-how and information.

Employees

As of December 31, 2016, we employed 142 people (full-time equivalents):  two within corporate headquarters and 139 within its subsidiary, MtronPTI, which includes 32 in Yankton, South Dakota, 96 in Orlando, Florida, three in Hong Kong and eight in Noida, India, and three within its subsidiary PTF.  None of the Company's employees are represented by a labor union and the Company considers its relationships with employees to be good.

As an engineering-centric company, nearly 20% of our workforce consists of degreed-engineers offering their expertise to product design and process development.

Environmental

Our manufacturing operations, products, and/or product packaging are subject to environmental laws and regulations governing air emissions, wastewater discharges, and the handling, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances, wastes and other chemicals.  In addition, more stringent environmental regulations may be enacted in the future, both within the United States and internationally, and we cannot presently determine the modifications, if any, in our operations that any future regulations might require, or the cost of compliance that would be associated with these regulations.

To date, capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position of the Company have not been materially affected by compliance with current federal, state, and local laws and regulations (domestic and foreign) relating to the protection of the environment.  However, we cannot predict the effect of future laws and regulations.

Item 1A.          Risk Factors.

Investing in our securities involves risks.  Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described below.  Any of these risks could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face, but represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition.  Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We are dependent on a single line of business.

Prior to our September 2016 acquisition, we were engaged only in the design, manufacture and marketing of standard and custom-engineered electronic components that are used primarily to control the frequency or timing of signals in electronic circuits. Although our acquisition of PTF added an additional product line that includes highly engineered products for the generation of time and frequency references for synchronization and control, until we see significant growth from the PTF product line or develop or acquire additional product lines we will remain dependent on our electronic components line of business. Virtually all of our 2016 and 2015 revenues came from sales of electronic components, which consist of packaged quartz crystals, oscillator modules, electronic filters and integrated modules.  We expect that this product line will continue to account for substantially all of our revenues in 2017.

Given our reliance on this single line of business, any decline in demand for this product line or failure to achieve continued market acceptance of existing and new versions of this product line may harm our business and our financial condition.  Additionally, unfavorable market conditions affecting this line of business would likely have a disproportionate impact on us in comparison with certain competitors, who have more diversified operations and multiple lines of business.  Should this line of business fail to generate sufficient sales to support ongoing operations, there can be no assurance that we will be able to develop alternate business lines.

Our operating results vary significantly from period to period.

We experience fluctuations in our operating results. Some of the principal factors that contribute to these fluctuations include: changes in demand for our products; our effectiveness in managing manufacturing processes, costs and inventory; our effectiveness in engineering and qualifying new product designs with our OEM customers and in managing the risks associated with offering those new products into production; changes in the cost and availability of raw materials, which often occur in the electronics manufacturing industry and which affect our margins and our ability to meet delivery schedules; macroeconomic and served industry conditions; and events that may affect our production capabilities, such as labor conditions and political instability. In addition, due to the prevailing economic climate and competitive differences between the various market segments which we serve, the mix of sales between our communications, networking, aerospace, defense, industrial and instrumentation market segments may affect our operating results from period to period.

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had net income (loss) of approximately $148,000 and ($711,000), respectively. Our revenues are derived primarily from MtronPTI, whose future rate of growth and profitability are highly dependent on the development and growth of demand for our products in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets, which are cyclical. We cannot be certain whether we will generate sufficient revenues or sufficiently manage expenses to sustain profitability.

We have a large customer that accounts for a significant portion of our revenues, and the loss of this customer, or decrease in their demand for our products, could have a material adverse effect on our results.

In 2016, our largest customer, an electronics contract manufacturing company, accounted for $3,275,000, or 15.7%, of the Company's total revenues, compared to $2,627,000, or 12.7%, in 2015. The loss of this customer, or a decrease in their demand for our products, could have a material adverse effect on our results.

A relatively small number of customers account for a significant portion of our accounts receivable, and the insolvency of any of these customers could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.

As of December 31, 2016, four of our largest customers accounted for approximately $1,242,000, or 35.1%, of accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2015, three of our largest customers accounted for approximately $819,000, or 31.4%, at the end of 2015.  The insolvency of any of these customers could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.

Our order backlog may not be indicative of future revenues.

Our order backlog is comprised of orders that are subject to specific production release, orders under written contracts, oral and written orders from customers with which we have had long-standing relationships and written purchase orders from sales representatives.  Our customers may order products from multiple sources to ensure timely delivery when backlog is particularly long and may cancel or defer orders without significant penalty.  They also may cancel orders when business is weak and inventories are excessive.  As a result, we cannot provide assurances as to the portion of backlog orders to be filled in a given year, and our order backlog as of any particular date may not be representative of actual revenues for any subsequent period.

We are a holding company, and therefore are dependent upon the operations of our subsidiaries to meet our obligations.

We are a holding company that transacts business through our operating subsidiaries. Our primary assets are cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, the shares of our operating subsidiaries and intercompany loans. Should our cash and cash equivalents be depleted, our ability to meet our operating requirements and to make other payments will depend on the surplus and earnings of our subsidiaries and their ability to pay dividends or to advance or repay funds.

Our future rate of growth and profitability are highly dependent on the development and growth of the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets, which are cyclical.

In 2016 and 2015, the majority of our revenues were derived from sales to manufacturers of equipment for the communications, networking, defense, aerospace, instrumentation and industrial markets for frequency and spectrum control devices, including indirect sales through distributors and contract manufacturers.  During 2017, we expect a significant portion of our revenues to continue to be derived from sales to these manufacturers.  Often OEMs and other service providers within these markets have experienced periods of capacity shortage and periods of excess capacity, as well as periods of either high or low demand for their products.  In periods of excess capacity or low demand, purchases of capital equipment may be curtailed, including equipment that incorporates our products.  A reduction in demand for the manufacture and purchase of equipment for these markets, whether due to cyclical, macroeconomic or other factors, or due to our reduced ability to compete based on cost or technical factors, could substantially reduce our net sales and operating results and adversely affect our financial condition.  Moreover, if these markets fail to grow as expected, we may be unable to maintain or grow our revenues. The multiple variables which affect the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets for our products, as well as the number of parties involved in the supply chain and manufacturing process, can impact inventory levels and lead to supply chain inefficiencies.  As a result of these complexities, we have limited visibility to forecast revenue projections accurately for the near and medium-term timeframes.

The market share of our customers in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets may change over time, reducing the potential value of our relationships with our existing customer base.

We have developed long-term relationships with our existing customers, including pricing contracts, custom designs and approved vendor status.  If these customers lose market share to other equipment manufacturers in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets with whom we do not have similar relationships, our ability to maintain revenue, margin or operating performance may be adversely affected.

We may make acquisitions that are not successful, or we may fail to integrate acquired businesses into our operations properly.

We intend to continue exploring opportunities to buy other businesses or technologies that could complement, enhance or expand our current business or product lines, or that might otherwise offer us growth opportunities.  We may have difficulty finding such opportunities or, if such opportunities are identified, we may not be able to complete such transactions for reasons including a failure to secure necessary financing.

Any transactions that we are able to identify and complete may involve a number of risks, including:

‒	The diversion of our management's attention from the management of our existing business to the integration of the operations and personnel of the acquired or combined business or joint venture;

In addition, we may not be able to integrate, operate, maintain or manage, successfully or profitably, our newly acquired operations or employees.  We may not be able to maintain uniform standards, controls, policies and procedures, and this may lead to operational inefficiencies.

Any of these difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If we are unable to introduce innovative products, demand for our products may decrease.

Our future operating results are dependent on our ability to develop, introduce and market innovative products continually, to modify existing products, to respond to technological change and to customize some of our products to meet customer requirements.  There are numerous risks inherent in this process, including the risks that we will be unable to anticipate the direction of technological change or that we will be unable to develop and market new products and applications in a timely or cost-effective manner to satisfy customer demand.

Our markets are highly competitive, and we may lose business to larger and better-financed competitors.

Our markets are highly competitive worldwide, with low transportation costs and few import barriers.  We compete principally on the basis of product quality and reliability, availability, customer service, technological innovation, timely delivery and price.  Within the industries in which we compete, competition has become increasingly concentrated and global in recent years. 

Many of our major competitors, some of which are larger, and potential competitors have substantially greater financial resources and more extensive engineering, manufacturing, marketing and customer support capabilities. If we are unable to successfully compete against current and future competitors, our operating results will be adversely affected.

Our ability to borrow under our credit facility may be limited by available collateral.

Our credit facility includes a revolving loan that requires cash equal to any amounts outstanding to be held as collateral in a deposit account with the lender. Should we not have sufficient cash to be held as collateral, the total amount available to borrow under the revolving loan may be reduced or not available.

Our success depends on our ability to retain key management and technical personnel and attracting, retaining, and training new technical personnel.

Our future growth and success will depend in large part upon our ability to recruit highly-skilled technical personnel, including engineers, and to retain our existing management and technical personnel.  The labor markets in which we operate are highly competitive and some of our operations are not located in highly populated areas.  As a result, we may not be able to recruit and retain key personnel.  Our failure to hire, retain or adequately train key personnel could have a negative impact on our performance.

We purchase certain key components and raw materials from single or limited sources and could lose sales if these sources fail to fulfill our needs.

If single-source components or key raw materials were to become unavailable on satisfactory terms, and we could not obtain comparable replacement components or raw materials from other sources in a timely manner, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.  On occasion, one or more of the components used in our products have become unavailable, resulting in unanticipated redesign and related delays in shipments.  We cannot give assurance that similar delays will not occur in the future.  Our suppliers may be impacted by compliance with environmental regulations including Restriction of Hazardous Substances ("RoHS") and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment ("WEEE"), which could disrupt the supply of components or raw materials or cause additional costs for us to implement new components or raw materials into our manufacturing processes.

As a supplier to U.S. Government defense contractors, we are subject to a number of procurement regulations and other requirements and could be adversely affected by changes in regulations or any negative findings from a U.S. audit or investigation.

A number of our customers are U.S. Government contractors.  As one of their suppliers, we must comply with significant procurement regulations and other requirements. We also maintain registration under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations for all of our production facilities.  One of those production facilities must comply with additional requirements and regulations for its production processes and for selected personnel in order to maintain the security of classified information.  These requirements, although customary within these markets, increase our performance and compliance costs.  If any of these various requirements change, our costs of complying with them could increase and reduce our operating margins.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and are routinely audited and reviewed by the U.S. Government and its agencies such as the Defense Contract Audit Agency ("DCAA") and Defense Contract Management Agency ("DCMA").  These agencies review our performance under our contracts, our cost structure and our compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and standards, as well as the adequacy of, and our compliance with, our internal control systems and policies.  Systems that are subject to review include our purchasing systems, billing systems, property management and control systems, cost estimating systems, compensation systems and management information systems. 

Any costs found to be improperly allocated to a specific contract will not be reimbursed or must be refunded if already reimbursed.  If an audit uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, which may include termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspension, or prohibition from doing business as a supplier to contractors who sell products and services to the U.S. Government.  In addition, our reputation could be adversely affected if allegations of impropriety were made against us.

From time to time, we may also be subject to U.S. Government investigations relating to our or our customers' operations and products, and are expected to perform in compliance with a vast array of federal laws, including the Truth in Negotiations Act, the False Claims Act, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations promulgated under the Arms Export Control Act, and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.  We or our customers may be subject to reductions of the value of contracts, contract modifications or termination, and the assessment of penalties and fines, which could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition, or result in a diminution in revenue from our customers, if we or our customers are found to have violated the law or are indicted or convicted for violations of federal laws related to government security regulations, employment practices or protection of the environment, or are found not to have acted responsibly as defined by the law.  Such convictions could also result in suspension or debarment from serving as a supplier to government contractors for some period of time.  Such convictions or actions could have a material adverse effect on us and our operating results.  The costs of cooperating or complying with such audits or investigations may also adversely impact our financial results.

Our products are complex and may contain errors or design flaws, which could be costly to correct.

When we release new products, or new versions of existing products, they may contain undetected or unresolved errors or defects.  The vast majority of our products are custom-designed for requirements of specific OEM systems.  The expected business life of these products ranges from less than one year to more than 10 years depending on the application.  Some of the customizations are modest changes to existing product designs while others are major product redesigns or new product platforms.

Despite testing, errors or defects may be found in new products or upgrades after the commencement of commercial shipments.  Undetected errors and design flaws have occurred in the past and could occur in the future.  These errors could result in delays, loss of market acceptance and sales, diversion of development resources, damage to the Company's reputation, product liability claims and legal action by its customers and third parties, failure to attract new customers and increased service costs.

Communications and network infrastructure equipment manufacturers increasingly rely upon contract manufacturers, thereby diminishing our ability to sell our products directly to those equipment manufacturers.

There is a continuing trend among communications and network infrastructure equipment manufacturers to outsource the manufacturing of their equipment or components.  As a result, our ability to persuade these OEMs to utilize our products in customer designs could be reduced and, in the absence of a manufacturer's specification of our products, the prices that we can charge for them may be subject to greater competition.

Future changes in our environmental liability and compliance obligations may increase costs and decrease profitability.

Our present and past manufacturing operations, products, and/or product packaging are subject to environmental laws and regulations governing air emissions, wastewater discharges, and the handling, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances, wastes and other chemicals. In addition, more stringent environmental regulations may be enacted in the future, and we cannot presently determine the modifications, if any, in our operations that any future regulations might require, or the cost of compliance that would be associated with these regulations.

Environmental laws and regulations may cause us to change our manufacturing processes, redesign some of our products, and change components to eliminate some substances in our products in order to be able to continue to offer them for sale.

We have significant international operations and sales to customers outside of the United States that subject us to certain business, economic and political risks.

We have office and manufacturing space in Noida, India, and a sales office in Hong Kong.  Additionally, foreign revenues for 2016 and 2015 (primarily to Malaysia and China) accounted for 28.7% and 26.3% of our 2016 and 2015 consolidated revenues, respectively.  We anticipate that sales to customers located outside of the United States will continue to be a significant part of our revenues for the foreseeable future.  Our international operations and sales to customers outside of the United States subject our operating results and financial condition to certain business, economic, political, health, regulatory and other risks, including:

Additionally, to date, very few of our international revenue and cost obligations have been denominated in foreign currencies.  As a result, changes in the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign currencies may affect our competitiveness in foreign markets.  We do not currently engage in foreign currency hedging activities, but may do so in the future to the extent that we incur a significant amount of foreign-currency denominated liabilities.

We rely on information technology systems to conduct our business, and disruption, failure or security breaches of these systems could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

We rely on information technology ("IT") systems in order to achieve our business objectives. We also rely upon industry accepted security measures and technology to securely maintain confidential information maintained on our IT systems. However, our portfolio of hardware and software products, solutions and services and our enterprise IT systems may be vulnerable to damage or disruption caused by circumstances beyond our control such as catastrophic events, power outages, natural disasters, computer system or network failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks or other malicious software programs. The failure or disruption of our IT systems to perform as anticipated for any reason could disrupt our business and result in decreased performance, significant remediation costs, transaction errors, loss of data, processing inefficiencies, downtime, litigation and the loss of suppliers or customers. A significant disruption or failure could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, financial performance and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Securities

The price of our common stock has fluctuated considerably and is likely to remain volatile, in part due to the limited market for our common stock.

From January 1, 2016 through March 21, 2017, the high and low closing sales prices for our common stock were $5.39 and $3.15, respectively, and the average daily trading volume in our common stock during that time period was approximately 2,400 shares per day.  There is a limited public market for our common stock, and we cannot provide assurances that a more active trading market will develop or be sustained.  As a result of limited trading volume in our common stock, the purchase or sale of a relatively small number of shares could result in significant price fluctuations and it may be difficult for holders to sell their shares without depressing the market price for our common stock.

Additionally, the market prices of our common stock may continue to fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:

‒	General economic conditions affecting the availability of long-term or short-term credit facilities, the purchasing and payment patterns of our customers, or the requirements imposed by our suppliers;

‒	Changes in financial estimates or investment recommendations by securities analysts relating to our common stock;

‒	Announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; and

Our warrants expiring August 6, 2018 may not have any value and there is a limited public market for our warrants.

On August 6, 2013, we distributed warrants to purchase shares of our common stock (expiring August 6, 2018) as a dividend to holders of our common stock on July 29, 2013, the record date for the dividend.  Stockholders received five warrants for each share of our common stock owned on the record date.  When exercisable, 25 warrants will entitle their holder to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share (subject to adjustment).

There is a limited public market for our warrants, and we cannot provide assurances that an active trading market will develop or be sustained.  The warrants are quoted on the over-the-counter market under the symbol "LGLPW."  Securities traded on the over-the-counter markets are typically less liquid than securities that trade on a national securities exchange, such as the NYSE MKT.  Trading on the over-the-counter market may negatively affect the trading price and liquidity of the warrants and could result in larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for the warrants.  Warrant holders may find it difficult to resell their warrants due to very limited trading volume.

The warrants are "European style warrants" and will only become exercisable on the earlier of (i) the expiration date, August 6, 2018, and (ii) such date that the 30-day volume weighted average price per share, or VWAP, of our common stock is greater than or equal to $15.00.  Once the warrants become exercisable, they may be exercised in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement until their expiration at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the expiration date.

The warrants have an exercise price of $7.50 per share.  This exercise price does not necessarily bear any relationship to established criteria for valuation of our common stock, such as book value per share, cash flows, or earnings, and you should not consider this exercise price as an indication of the current or future market price of our common stock.  There can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock will exceed $7.50 per share at any time on the expiration date of the warrants, August 6, 2018, or at any other time the warrants may be exercised.  If the warrants only become exercisable on the expiration date and the market price of our common stock on such date does not exceed $7.50 per share, the warrants will be of no value.

There can be no assurance that the 30-day VWAP of our common stock will be greater than or equal to $15.00 at any time prior to the expiration date of the warrants, August 6, 2018.  As a result, the warrants may become exercisable only on the expiration date.  If the warrants may be exercised only on the expiration date and their holder does not exercise their warrants on that date, their warrants will expire and be of no value.

No warrants will be exercisable unless at the time of exercise a prospectus relating to our common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is current and the common stock has been registered or qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the warrants.  Under the terms of the warrant agreement, we have agreed to meet these conditions and use our best efforts to maintain a current prospectus relating to common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants.  However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so, and if we do not maintain a current prospectus related to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, holders will be unable to exercise their warrants and we will not be required to settle any such warrant exercise.  If the prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants is not current or if the common stock is not qualified or exempt from qualification in the jurisdictions in which the holders of the warrants reside, we will not be required to net cash settle or cash settle the warrant exercise, the warrants may have no value, the market for the warrants may be limited and the warrants may expire worthless.

Holders of our warrants will have no rights as a common stockholder until such holders exercise their warrants and acquire shares of our common stock.

Until warrant holders acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants, warrant holders will have no rights with respect to the shares of our common stock underlying such warrants.  Upon the acquisition of shares of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants, the holders thereof will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date for the matter occurs after the exercise date of the warrants.

Adjustments to the exercise price of the warrants, or the number of shares of common stock for which the warrants are exercisable, following certain corporate events may not fully compensate warrant holders for the value they would have received if they held the common stock underlying the warrants at the time of such events.

The warrants provide for adjustments to the exercise price of the warrants following a number of corporate events, including (i) our issuance of a stock dividend or the subdivision or combination of our common stock, (ii) our issuance of rights, options or warrants to purchase our common stock at a price below the 10-day VWAP of our common stock, (iii) a distribution of capital stock of the Company or any subsidiary other than our common stock, rights to acquire such capital stock, evidences of indebtedness or assets, (iv) our issuance of a cash dividend on our common stock, and (v) certain tender offers for our common stock by the Company or one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.  The warrants also provide for adjustments to the number of shares of common stock for which the warrants are exercisable following our issuance of a stock dividend or the subdivision or combination of our common stock.  Any adjustment made to the exercise price of the warrants or the number of shares of common stock for which the warrants are exercisable following a corporate event in accordance with these provisions may not fully compensate warrant holders for the value they would have received if they held the common stock underlying the warrants at the time of the event.

Our officers, directors and 10% stockholders have significant voting power and may vote their shares in a manner that is not in the best interest of other stockholders.

Our officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders control approximately 34.9% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of common stock as of March 21, 2017.  If these stockholders act together, they may be able to exert significant control over our management and affairs requiring stockholder approval, including approval of significant corporate transactions.  This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and might adversely affect the market price of our common stock.  This concentration of ownership may not be in the best interests of all of our stockholders.

Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of the Company, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws, as well as provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware ("DGCL"), may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of the Company, even if such a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.  These provisions include prohibiting our stockholders from fixing the number of directors, and establishing advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals that can be acted on at stockholder meetings and nominations to our board of directors (the "Board").

Additionally, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.  We have not opted out of the restrictions under Section 203, as permitted under DGCL.

Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2.	Properties.

The Company's principal executive offices are located in Orlando, Florida within an MtronPTI operating facility.   MtronPTI's operations are located in Orlando, Florida, Yankton, South Dakota, and Noida, India. PTF's operations are located in Wakefield, Massachusetts. We also have sales offices in Sacramento, California, Austin, Texas and Hong Kong

MtronPTI owns one building in Orlando, Florida, containing approximately 71,000 square feet on approximately seven acres of land.  MtronPTI owns two buildings in Yankton, South Dakota, containing a combined total of approximately 32,000 square feet on approximately 11 acres of land.  MtronPTI also leases approximately 13,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Noida, India. PTF leases approximately 3,600 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Wakefield, Massachusetts. We also lease approximately 700 square feet of office space in Hong Kong and approximately 400 square feet of office space in Sacramento, California. It is our opinion that the facilities referred to above are in good operating condition, suitable, and adequate for present uses.

Item 3.	Legal Proceedings.

None.

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.	Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market for Common Equity

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE MKT, under the symbol "LGL." Based upon information furnished by our transfer agent, at March 21, 2017, we had 461 holders of record of our common stock.  The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices for our common stock for the periods indicated as reported by the NYSE MKT:

Fiscal Year 2017	High				Low
First Quarter (1)		$	5.49			$	4.40
Fiscal Year 2016	High				Low
First Quarter		$	4.09			$	2.86
Second Quarter			3.83				3.05
Third Quarter			4.36				3.12
Fourth Quarter			5.83				3.62
Fiscal Year 2015	High				Low
First Quarter		$	4.30			$	3.53
Second Quarter			5.47				3.82
Third Quarter			5.11				3.42
Fourth Quarter			4.15				3.51

          

   (1)  From January 1, 2017 through March 21, 2017.

 

On August 29, 2011, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to 100,000 shares of its common stock in accordance with applicable securities laws. This authorization increased the total number of shares authorized and available for repurchase under the Company's existing share repurchase program to 540,000 shares, at such times, amounts and prices as the Company shall deem appropriate. There is no expiration date for this program. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has repurchased a total of 81,584 shares of common stock under this program at a cost of $580,000, which shares are currently held in treasury.

 

The following table presents information related to our repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2016:

Period		Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)				Average Price Paid per Share				Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs				Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs
October 1, 2016 to October 31, 2016			500			$	4.15				500				458,966
November 1, 2016 to November 30, 2016			550				3.86				550				458,416
December 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016			—				—				—				458,416
			1,050			$	4.00				1,050				—

(1)	All of the shares purchased during the quarter ended December 31, 2016, were purchased under our publicly announced repurchase program described above.

Dividend Policy

Our Board has adhered to a practice of not paying cash dividends.  This policy takes into account our long-term growth objectives, including our anticipated investments for organic growth, potential technology acquisitions or other strategic ventures, and stockholders' desire for capital appreciation of their holdings.  No cash dividends have been paid to our stockholders since January 30, 1989, and none are expected to be paid for the foreseeable future.

Item 6.          Selected Financial Data.

You should read the following selected consolidated financial data together with ''Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations'' and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report.

The selected statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, are derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this report.  The selected statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, are derived from our audited financial statements not included in this report.  These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  Our historical results may not be indicative of the operating results to be expected in any future period.

       

		Year ended December 31,
		(in thousands, except share and per share data)
		2016				2015				2014				2013				2012
Revenues		$	20,891			$	20,713			$	23,013			$	26,201			$	29,706
Operating loss (a)			(161	)			(788	)			(2,829	)			(4,164	)			(1,782	)
Loss before income taxes			(17	)			(703	)			(2,829	)			(4,271	)			(1,844	)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes			165				(8	)			4				(3,948	)			524
Net income (loss)		$	148			$	(711	)		$	(2,825	)		$	(8,219	)		$	(1,320	)
Weighted average number of shares use basic EPS calculation			2,665,043				2,640,803				2,595,988				2,595,362				2,593,741
Weighted average number of shares used in the diluted EPS calculation			2,665,730				2,640,803				2,595,988				2,595,362				2,593,741
Per common share:
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share		$	0.06			$	(0.27	)		$	(1.09	)		$	(3.17	)		$	(0.51	)

 

		December 31,
		(in thousands)
		2016				2015				2014				2013				2012
Cash and cash equivalents		$	2,778			$	5,553			$	5,192			$	7,183			$	8,625
Working capital			10,135				9,876				9,909				12,446				16,624
Total assets			16,646				15,803				17,262				21,263				29,593
Total long-term debt (including curren portion)			—				—				—				—				58
Stockholders' equity (b)		$	13,891			$	13,727			$	14,237			$	16,755			$	24,614

   

     (a) Operating loss is revenues less operating expenses, which excludes investment income, interest expense, gain on sale of land and equipment, insurance proceeds, other income

              and taxes. Included areimpairment charges.

    

     (b)    No cash dividends have been declared during the periods presented.

 

 

Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.  This discussion contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our expected financial position, business and financing plans.  These statements involve risks and uncertainties.  Our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report, particularly under the headings "Caution Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors."

Results of Operations

2016 Compared to 2015

Consolidated Revenues, Gross Margin and Backlog

Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016, were $20,891,000, an increase of $178,000, or 0.9% from revenues of $20,713,000 in 2015.  The increase is due primarily to the acquisition of PTF.

Consolidated gross margin, which is consolidated revenues less manufacturing cost of sales, as a percentage of revenues increased slightly to 33.7% from 33.1% for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to the prior year. The increase reflects our strategy to move away from the low margin commodities business and focus on achieving revenue growth through the development of more complex, higher margin products, particularly in the Aero/Defense market segment.

As of December 31, 2016, our order backlog was $10,549,000, an increase of 19.9% compared to a backlog of $8,799,000 as of December 31, 2015. The backlog of unfilled orders includes amounts based on signed contracts as well as agreed letters of intent, which we have determined are firm orders likely to be fulfilled in the next 12 months.  

Order backlog is adjusted quarterly to reflect project cancellations, deferrals, revised project scope and cost, and sales of subsidiaries, if any.  We expect to fill our entire order backlog as of December 31, 2016 in 2017, but cannot provide assurances as to what portion of the order backlog will be fulfilled in a given year.

Operating Loss

Operating loss of ($161,000) for the year ended December 31, 2016, was an improvement of $627,000 from an operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 of ($788,000).  The improvement represented a reduction in engineering, selling and administrative expenses which were 34.4% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to 36.9% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2015, coupled with the 0.6 percentage point improvement in gross margin.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net, was $22,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was a decrease of $10,000 from $32,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to an increase in interest income generated from our U.S. Treasury securities.

Other Income, Net

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, other income, net was $166,000 and $117,000, respectively. The current period consists of approximately $118,000 of net insurance proceeds received for damaged equipment and inventory, $62,000 of dividends received on marketable securities and a $4,000 bargain purchase gain resulting from the acquisiton of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities of Precise Time and Frequency, Inc. ("PTF Acquisition"), offset by other expenses. The prior year consists of approximately $132,000 of net insurance proceeds received for damaged equipment and inventory and $35,000 of foreign currency transaction gains offset by an impairment loss of $38,000 and legal settlement of $15,000.

Income Taxes

We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes.  These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of tax credits, tax benefits and deductions and in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes.  Significant changes to these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the tax provision in a subsequent period.

 

We recorded an income tax benefit (provision) for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 of $165,000 and ($8,000), respectively. The valuation allowance was $7,305,000 as of December 31, 2016, which reflects a net decrease of $325,000 from December 31, 2015, partially due to the valuation allowance reversal of $214,000 related to our foreign NOLs as explained above.

As of December 31, 2016, we have not provided for U.S. federal and state income taxes on approximately $628,000 of undistributed earnings of Piezo Technology India Private Ltd. in India since such earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the U.S.  If in the future, we decide to repatriate earnings from Piezo Technology India Private Ltd., we would incur incremental U.S. federal and state income taxes.  However, our intent is to keep these funds permanently reinvested outside of the U.S. and current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to fund U.S. operations.

Net  Income (Loss)

Net income  for the year ended December 31, 2016, was $148,000 compared with a net loss of  ($711,000) for the year ended December 31, 2015. Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $0.06 and ($0.27), respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, cash and cash equivalents were $2,778,000 and $5,553,000, respectively. In December 2016, we transferred certain investments in U.S. Treasury securities (cash equivalents) to equity securities, which are classified as marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheets.

Cash provided by operating activities was $278,000 and $689,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  The $411,000 decrease was primarily due to a decrease in non-cash adjustments for depreciation and amortization, gain on disposal of assets, stock-based compensation, bargain purchase gain, a deferred income tax benefit and dividend from marketable securities totaling ($662,000), and net changes in working capital accounts of ($608,000), offset by an improvement in net income (loss) of $859,000.

Cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was ($3,045,000) and ($328,000), respectively. The increase was primarily due to the transfer of certain investments in U.S. Treasury securities to equity securities, which are classified as an investing activity on our consolidated statements of cash flows, and our $295,000 purchase of PTF, offset by a decline in 2016 capital expenditures of $250,000.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, we used $8,000 to purchase treasury stock. There were no financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015.

As of December 31, 2016, our consolidated working capital was $10,135,000, compared to $9,876,000 as of December 31, 2015.  As of December 31, 2016, we had current assets of $12,890,000, current liabilities of $2,755,000 and a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 4.68 to 1.00.  As of December 31, 2015, we had current assets of $11,952,000, current liabilities of $2,076,000 and a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 5.76 to 1.00.  Management continues to focus on efficiently managing working capital requirements to match operating activity levels.

On September 30, 2016, MtronPTI renewed its Loan Agreement (the "CNB Loan Agreement") with City National Bank of Florida ("City National"). The CNB Loan Agreement provides for a revolving line of credit in the amount of $3.0 million (the "CNB Revolver"), which bears interest at a variable rate equal to 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points to be set on the first day of each month, and expires on September 30, 2018. The CNB Loan Agreement also provides that MtronPTI will pay City National a fee equal to 0.75% per year on the daily unused amount. Our obligations under the CNB Loan Agreement are secured only by cash collateral and do not require any other liens.

In connection with the CNB Loan Agreement, MtronPTI also entered into a Cash Collateral Agreement with City National (the "CNB Cash Collateral Agreement") and delivered a Revolving Promissory Note in the principal amount of $3.0 million to City National (the "CNB Revolving Promissory Note").

The CNB Cash Collateral Agreement provides that MtronPTI will hold cash collateral equal to any amounts outstanding under the CNB Revolver in a non-interest bearing deposit account with City National. Provided that MtronPTI is not in default of any of its obligations under the CNB Loan Agreement, the CNB Revolving Promissory Note or the CNB Cash Collateral Agreement, the funds collateralizing the CNB Revolver are restricted only to the extent of the outstanding principal amount under the CNB Revolver. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there was no balance outstanding under the CNB Revolver and no associated restricted cash.

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our ongoing working capital and capital expenditure requirements for the next 12 months.  However, we may seek additional capital to fund future growth in its business, to provide flexibility to respond to dynamic market conditions, or to fund its strategic growth objectives.  

Our Board has adhered to a practice of not paying cash dividends.  This policy takes into account our long-term growth objectives, including our anticipated investments for organic growth, potential technology acquisitions or other strategic ventures, and stockholders' desire for capital appreciation of their holdings.  No cash dividends have been paid to the Company's stockholders since January 30, 1989, and none are expected to be paid for the foreseeable future.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note A. "Accounting and Reporting Policies" in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.  The Company's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.  The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the carrying value of inventories, the likelihood of collecting its outstanding accounts receivable, value of stock based compensation, and the provision for income taxes.  We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  In the past, actual results have not been materially different from our estimates.  However, results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

See the financial statements included at the end of this report beginning on page 27.

Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to us, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours are designed to do, and we necessarily were required to apply our judgment in evaluating whether the benefits of the controls and procedures that we adopt outweigh their costs.

As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, an evaluation as of December 31, 2016 was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2016, were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Management's Annual Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f).  Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework).  Based on that evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of December 31, 2016.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2016, or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

Item 9B.	Other Information.

None.

PART III

 

Item 10.  Directors and Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

 

 

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)	List of documents filed as part of this report:

1.          Financial Statements:

 

2.    Financial Statement Schedules:

None.

3.    Exhibit Index

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-K:

Exhibit No.			Description
	2.1		Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2014, made by and between M-tron Industries, Inc. and Trilithic, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 15, 2014).
	3.1		Certificate of Incorporation of The LGL Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 31, 2007).
	3.2		The LGL Group, Inc. By-Laws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 31, 2007).
	3.3		The LGL Group, Inc. Amendment No. 1 to By-Laws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 17, 2014).
	4.1		Warrant Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2013, by and among The LGL Group, Inc., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2013).
	10.1		The LGL Group, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 1, 1996).

 

	10.2		The LGL Group, Inc. 2001 Equity Incentive Plan adopted December 10, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on December 29, 2005).
	10.3		Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (2001 Equity Incentive Plan) by and between The LGL Group, Inc. and each of its directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2011).
	10.4		Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (2001 Equity Incentive Plan) by and between The LGL Group, Inc. and each of its executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2011).
	10.5		The LGL Group, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex A of the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement with respect to the Company's 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, filed on April 29, 2016).
	10.6		Form of Stock Option Agreement (2011 Incentive Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on December 30, 2011).
	10.7		Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (2011 Incentive Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on December 30, 2011).
	10.8		Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between The LGL Group, Inc. and its executive officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2011).
	10.9		Offer of Employment Letter, effective as of October 1, 2013, by and between The LGL Group, Inc. and Michael J. Ferrantino (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 7, 2013).
	10.10		Agreement and Release, dated May 27, 2014, by and between Gregory P. Anderson and The LGL Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 28, 2014).
	10.11		Agreement and Release, dated May 27, 2014, by and between James L. Williams and The LGL Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 28, 2014).
	10.12		Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 19, 2013, by and between the Company and Venator Merchant Fund L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 19, 2013).
	10.13		Loan Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2014, by and between M-tron Industries, Inc. and City National Bank of Florida (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 2, 2014).
	10.14		Revolving Promissory Note, dated as of September 30, 2014, by and between M-tron Industries, Inc. and City National Bank of Florida (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 2, 2014).
	10.15		Cash Collateral Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2014, by and between M-tron Industries, Inc. and City National Bank of Florida (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 2, 2014).
	21.1		Subsidiaries of The LGL Group, Inc.*
	23.1		Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – RSM US LLP.*

 

	31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
	31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
	32.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
	32.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
101.INS			XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*

The exhibits listed above have been filed separately with the SEC in conjunction with this Annual Report on Form 10-K or have been incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Upon request, the Company will furnish to each of its stockholders a copy of any such exhibit.  Requests should be addressed to the Corporate Secretary, The LGL Group, Inc., 2525 Shader Road, Orlando, Florida, 32804.

Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary.

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

	THE LGL GROUP, INC.
March 29, 2017	By:	/s/ Michael J. Ferrantino, Sr.
		Michael J. Ferrantino, Sr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

SIGNATURE	CAPACITY	DATE
/s/ Michael J. Ferrantino, Sr.	President and Chief Executive Officer	March 29, 2017
MICHAEL J. FERRANTINO, SR.	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Patti A. Smith	Chief Financial Officer	March 29, 2017
PATTI A. SMITH	(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Marc J. Gabelli	Director	March 29, 2017
MARC J. GABELLI
/s/ Timothy Foufas	Director	March 29, 2017
TIMOTHY FOUFAS
/s/ Donald H. Hunter	Director	March 29, 2017
DONALD H. HUNTER
/s/ Manjit Kalha	Director	March 29, 2017
MANJIT KALHA
/s/ Frederic V. Salerno	Director	March 29, 2017
FREDERIC V. SALERNO
/s/ Hendi Susanto	Director	March 29, 2017
HENDI SUSANTO
/s/ Antonio Visconti	Director	March 29, 2017
ANTONIO VISCONTI

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

The LGL Group, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The LGL Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended.  These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The LGL Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ RSM US LLP

Orlando, Florida

March 29, 2017

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in Thousands, Except per Share Amounts)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Dollars in Thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Dollars in Thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in Thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

THE LGL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Organization

The LGL Group, Inc. (the "Company"), incorporated in 1928 under the laws of the State of Indiana and reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 2007, is a holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the designing, manufacturing and marketing of highly-engineered , high reliabilty frequency and spectrum control products used to control the frequency or timing of signals in electronic circuits and in the design of high performance Frequency and Time Reference Standards that form the basis for timing and synchronization in various applications.

As of December 31, 2016, the subsidiaries of the Company are as follows:

The Company operates through its two principal subsidiaries, M-tron Industries, Inc. ("MtronPTI"), which includes the operations of Piezo Technology, Inc. ("PTI") and M-tron Asia, LLC ("Mtron"), and Precise Time and Frequency, LLC ("PTF"), a newly formed subsidiary, to hold the assets of Precise Time and Frequency, Inc., as discussed in Note B below. The Company has operations in Orlando, Florida, Yankton, South Dakota, Wakefield, Massachusetts and Noida, India.  MtronPTI also has sales offices in Sacramento, California, Austin, Texas and Hong Kong.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and entities for which it has control. Material intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. As of December 31, 2016, the Company included accrued warranty expense with other accrued expenses on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Previously, it had been reported as a separate line item. This change in classification does not affect previously reported Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, or Consolidated Statements of Operations for any period.

 

Uses of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly-liquid investments with a maturity of less than three months when purchased.

Marketable Securities

Marketable debt and equity securities are categorized as available for-sale-securities and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders' equity.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, on a consolidated basis, consists principally of amounts due from both domestic and foreign customers.  Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer's financial condition and collateral is not required.  In relation to export sales, the Company requires letters of credit supporting a significant portion of the sales price prior to production to limit exposure to credit risk. Certain credit sales are made to industries that are subject to cyclical economic changes. 

The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments.  These allowances are maintained at a level that management believes is sufficient to cover potential credit losses. Estimates are based on historical collection experience, current trends, credit policy and the relationship between accounts receivable and revenues.  In determining these estimates, the Company examines historical write-offs of its receivables and reviews each customer's account to identify any specific customer collection issues.  If the financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payment, additional allowances might be required. 

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method.

The Company maintains a reserve for inventory based on estimated losses that result from inventory that becomes obsolete or for which the Company has excess inventory levels as of period end. In determining these estimates, the Company performs an analysis on current demand and usage for each inventory item over historical time periods.  Based on that analysis, the Company reserves a percentage of the inventory amount within each time period based on historical demand and usage patterns of specific items in inventory.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and include expenditures for major improvements.  Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.  Depreciation is computed for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 5 years to 35 years for buildings and improvements, and from 3 to 10  years for other fixed assets.  Property, plant, and equipment are periodically reviewed for indicators of impairment.  If any such indicators were noted, the Company would assess the appropriateness of the assets' carrying value and record any impairment at that time.

Depreciation expense from operations was approximately $704,000 for 2016 and $804,000 for 2015.

Warranties

The Company offers a standard one-year warranty. The Company tests its products prior to shipment in order to ensure that they meet each customer's requirements based upon specifications received from each customer at the time its order is received and accepted. The Company's customers may request to return products for various reasons, including, but not limited to, the customers' belief that the products are not performing to specification. The Company's return policy states that it will accept product returns only with prior authorization and if the product does not meet customer specifications, in which case the product would be replaced or repaired. To accommodate the Company's customers, each request for return is reviewed, and if and when it is approved, a return materials authorization ("RMA") is issued to the customer.

Each month the Company records a specific warranty reserve for approved RMAs covering products that have not yet been returned. The Company does not maintain a general warranty reserve because, historically, valid warranty returns resulting from a product not meeting specifications or being non-functional have been de minimis. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, accrued warranty expense was $80,000 and $126,000, respectively, and included with other accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range up to 10 years. The intangible assets consist of intellectual property and goodwill. The net carrying value of the amortizable intangible assets was $588,000 and $435,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Goodwill, which is not amortizable, was $40,000 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets, excluding goodwill, for each of the remaining years of the estimated useful life is as follows (in thousands):

 

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products in accordance with the criteria in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605, Revenue Recognition, which are:

·	persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists;

·	delivery has occurred;

·	the seller's price to the buyer is fixed and determinable; and

·	collectability is reasonably assured.

The Company meets these conditions upon shipment because title and risk of loss passes to the customer at that time. However, the Company offers a limited right of return and/or authorized price protection provisions in its agreements with certain electronic component distributors who resell the Company's products to original equipment manufacturers or electronic manufacturing services companies. As a result, the Company estimates and records a reserve for future returns and other charges against revenue at the time of shipment consistent with the terms of sale. The reserve is estimated based on historical experience with each respective distributor.

The Company recognizes revenue related to transactions with a right of return and/or authorized price protection provisions when the following conditions are met:

·	seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable at the date of sale;

·	buyer has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to pay the seller and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product;

·	buyer's obligation to the seller would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product;

·	buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by the seller;

·	seller does not have obligations for future performance; and

·	the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated.

Shipping Costs

Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and the Company's shipping and handling costs are included in manufacturing cost of sales.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.  Such costs were approximately $1,906,000 and $1,964,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively, and are included within engineering, selling and administrative expenses.

Advertising Expense

Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. Such costs were $50,000 in 2016, compared with $146,000 in 2015, and are included within engineering, selling and administrative expenses.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes the cost over the requisite service period, typically the vesting period.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model requires subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. There is no expected dividend rate. Historical Company information was the basis for the expected volatility assumption as the Company believes that the historical volatility over the life of the option is indicative of expected volatility in the future. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon rates with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. The Company also estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Based on past history of actual performance, forfeiture rates ranging from zero to twenty five percent have been assumed for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

Restricted stock awards are made at a value equal to the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant.

Earnings Per Share

The Company computes earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share ("ASC 260"). Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share adjusts basic earnings per share for the effects of stock options and other potentially dilutive financial instruments, only in the periods in which the effects are dilutive. Shares of stock granted to members of the Board of Directors (the "Board") as a portion of their director fees are deemed to be participating as defined by ASC 260 and therefore are included in the computation of basic earnings per share.

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were options to purchase 166,996 shares and 194,726 shares, respectively, of common stock and warrants to purchase 519,241 shares of common stock that were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation because the impact of the assumed exercise of such stock options would have been anti-dilutive.

Income Taxes

The Company's deferred income tax assets represent (a) temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities that will result in deductible amounts in future years, and (b) the tax effects of net operating loss carry-forwards. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets  in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will or will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become realizable.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, based upon the weighting of positive and negative evidence, the Company has determined the results of future operations of one of its foreign subsidiaries will generate enough taxable income that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets of  $214,000 generated from foreign NOLs, can be utilized in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, a valuation allowance previously established for this tax benefit has been reversed. The Company has also determined that a full valuation against the remaining net deferred tax assets is required and has recorded a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Should a change in circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the ability to realize deferred tax assets in future years, the Company will adjust related valuation allowances in the period that the change in circumstances occurs, along with a corresponding increase or charge to income. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties, if any, related to income tax matters in income tax expense. 

Concentration Risk

In 2016, the Company's largest customer, an electronics contract manufacturing company, accounted for $3,275,000, or 15.7% of the Company's total revenues, compared to $2,627,000, or 12.7%, in 2015.

A significant portion of the Company's accounts receivable is concentrated with a relatively small number of customers.  As of December 31, 2016, four of the Company's largest customers accounted for approximately $1,242,000, or 35.1% of accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2015, three of the Company's largest customers accounted for approximately $819,000, or 31.4% of accounts receivable. The Company carefully evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers in deciding to extend credit, and utilizes letters of credit to further limit credit risk for export sales. As a result of these policies, the Company has experienced very low historical bad debt expense and believes the related risk to be minimal.

At various times throughout the year and at December 31, 2016, some deposits held at financial institutions were in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these balances and believes the related risk to be minimal.

Segment Information

The Company reports segment information in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Information ("ASC 280").  ASC 280 requires companies to report financial and descriptive information for each identified operating segment based on management's internal organizational decision-making structure. Management has identified the segments of electronic components and electronic instruments.

Impairments of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, including intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets to the lowest level to which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. Management assesses the recoverability of the carrying cost of the assets based on a review of projected undiscounted cash flows. If an asset is held for sale, management reviews its estimated fair value less cost to sell. Fair value is determined using pertinent market information, including appraisals or broker's estimates, and/or projected discounted cash flows. In the event an impairment loss is identified, it is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset.

Financial Instruments

Cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, trade accounts payable, and accrued expenses are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments with various financial institutions. The Company's policy is designed to limit exposure to any one institution. At times, such amounts may exceed federally insured limits.

Foreign Currency Translation

The assets and liabilities of international operations are re-measured at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date for monetary assets and liabilities and at historical rates for non-monetary assets and liabilities, with the related re-measurement gains or losses reported within the consolidated statement of operations. The results of international operations are re-measured at the monthly average exchange rates. The Company's foreign subsidiaries and respective operations' functional currency is the U.S. dollar.  The Company has determined this based upon the majority of transactions with customers as well as inter-company transactions and parental support being based in U.S. dollars.  The Company has recognized a re-measurement loss of ($2,000) and a re-measurement gain of $35,000, in 2016 and 2015, respectively, which is included within other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows – (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017.  Early application is permitted.  The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU 2016–09, "Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share–Based Payment Accounting" ("ASU 2016–09"). ASU 2016-9 simplifies the accounting for share–based payment award transactions including: income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016–09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016.  The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016–09, but does not believe the final result will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016–02, "Leases (Topic 842)." The objective of this update is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods and is to be applied utilizing a modified retrospective approach. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements because there are no material operating leases.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17 "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes," which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes. Under the new accounting standard, deferred tax assets and liabilities are required to be classified as noncurrent, eliminating the prior requirement to separate deferred tax assets and liabilities into current and noncurrent. The new guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The standard may be adopted prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently assessing the timing of adoption of the new guidance, but does not expect it will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, "Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern," ("ASU 2014-15") which provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. An entity must provide certain disclosures if conditions or events raise substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all entities and is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company has adopted this guidance as of December 31, 2016 and it did not have a material impact on its financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014–09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2014-09")", also known as the "New Revenue Standard". This update is the result of a collaborative effort by the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to simplify revenue recognition guidance, remove inconsistencies in the application of revenue recognition, and to improve comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets.  The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to receive for those goods or services. The New Revenue Standard is applied through the following five-step process:

1.  Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

2.  Identify the performance obligation in the contract.

3.  Determine the transaction price.

4.  Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

5.  Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

For a public entity, this update is effective for annual  and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.  This standard can be applied on either a retrospective or modified retrospective approach. Through the course of 2016 a number of ASU's have been issued which further refine the original guidance issued under ASU 2014-09 and are effective in conjunction with this original standard. The Company is determining its implementation approach and evaluating the potential impacts of the new standard on its existing revenue recognition policies and procedures. The Company's revenues are generally derived from purchase orders and standard contracts and performance obligation criteria is normally met at shipping point with no other material performance obligation.

No other new accounting pronouncements issued or effective during the fiscal year have had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

On September 2, 2016, PTF acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Precise Time and Frequency, Inc. ("PTF Inc.") for cash consideration of $295,000 (the "PTF Acquisition"). The PTF Acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations pursuant to the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations, ("ASC 805"). The acquisition method of accounting requires, among other things, that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination be measured at their fair values as of the closing date of the acquisition.

The acquired assets include intellectual property and equipment that will support the Company's strategy to be a broader based supplier of highly engineered products for the generation, synchronization and control of timing and frequency. The intangible assets acquired are being amortized over a weighted average period of ten years. The Company believes this product line will complement the complete line of frequency control products that MtronPTI currently provides.

The following is a summary of the preliminary purchase price allocation to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilites assumed in the PTF Acquisition (in thousands):

The assets acquired and liabilites assumed by PTF were done so through the distressed sale of PTF Inc. and  resulted in a bargain purchase gain which is recorded in other income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Management estimated the fair value of net assets acquired using valuation techniques including income, cost and market approaches. In estimating the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, the fair value estimates are based on, but not limited to, expected future revenues and cash flows, expected future growth rates and estimated discount rates.

The following table sets forth certain unaudited pro forma information for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 assuming that the PTF Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2015 (in thousands, except per share data):

The pro forma adjustments include amortization expense related to the acquired intangible assets and an adjustment to remove acquisition related expenses incurred in 2016 that for pro forma purposes should be reflected in 2015.

The net sales included in the Company's consolidated statement of operations which were generated by the PTF Acquisition from the acquisition closing date of September 2, 2016 through December 31, 2016 was $200,000. The losses included in the Company's consolidated statement of operations derived from the PTF Acquisition's business from the acquisition closing date to December 31, 2016 were ($57,000).

 

Acquisition-related costs are those costs the acquirer incurs to effect a business combination, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other professional or consulting fees.   The Company incurred a total of approximately $38,000 of acquisition-related costs which were charged to engineering, general and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2016.

The Company reduces the value of its inventories to market value when the market value is believed to be less than the cost of the item.  The inventory reserve for obsolescence as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $2,773,000 and $3,016,000, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016 approximately $1,002,000 was invested in a United States Treasury money market fund which is included in cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying balance sheet. Also, as of December 31, 2016, approximately $2,714,000 was invested in a market neutral mutual fund which is included in marketable securities on the accompanying balance sheet. Amounts invested in the market neutral mutual fund generated $62,000 of investment income that is classified as other income, net on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2015 approximately $4,089,000 was invested in a United States Treasury money market fund. These funds are managed by a related entity (the "Fund Manager") which is related through a common director. One of the Company's directors, who is also a 10% stockholder, currently serves as an executive officer of the Fund Manager. The fund transactions in 2016 and 2015 were directed solely at the discretion of Company management.

 

On August 4, 2011, the Company's stockholders approved the 2011 Incentive Plan. 500,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the 2011 Incentive Plan. On  June 16, 2016, the Company's stockholders approved the Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan which increased the shares of common stock authorized for issuance to 750,000 shares of common stock. The Company believes that such awards better align the interests of its employees with those of its shareholders. Option awards are generally granted with an exercise price 10 % above the market price of the Company's stock at the date of grant; those option awards generally have 5-year contractual terms and generally vest over three years. Restricted stock awards are granted at a value equal to the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant.

The following table summarizes the inputs to the option valuation model for the options granted during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

The Company bases expected volatility on the weighted average historical stock volatility of the Company's common stock. There is no dividend rate. The expected term utilizes historical data to estimate the period of time that the options are expected to remain unexercised. The Company bases risk-free rates on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon rates with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. The Company also estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2016 as well as activity during the year then ended:

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years 2016 and 2015 was $1.04 and $0.99, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, there was approximately $56,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements.

The following table summarizes information about the Company's unvested stock awards as of December 31, 2016, as well as activity during the year then ended:

 

As of December 31, 2016, there were no unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan. The total fair value of shares vested during the year ended December 31, 2016, was approximately $65,000.

The Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan had 432,723 shares remaining available for future issuance at December 31, 2016.

Income tax (benefit) provision for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

A reconciliation of the (benefit) provision for income taxes and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes:

Loss before income taxes from domestic operations was ($434,000) and ($731,000) in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Income before income taxes from foreign operations was $417,000 and $28,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. At December 31, 2016, U.S. income taxes benefit have been provided on approximately $153,000 of losses of the Company's foreign subsidiaries, because these losses are not considered to be indefinitely reinvested. As of December 31, 2016, earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries considered to be indefinitely reinvested totaled $628,000. No provision for U.S. income taxes has been provided thereon. Upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company would be subject to U.S. taxes, reduced by any foreign tax credits available. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of additional tax that might be payable on this undistributed foreign income.

The Company has a total federal net operating loss ("NOL") carry-forward of $10,075,000 as of December 31, 2016. This federal NOL carry-forward expires through 2036 if not utilized prior to that date. The Company has total state NOL carry-forwards of $16,263,000 as of December 31, 2016. These state NOL carry-forwards expire through 2036 if not utilized prior to that date. The Company has research and development tax credit carry-forwards of approximately $1,450,000 at December 31, 2016, that can be used to reduce future income tax liabilities and expire principally between 2020 and 2036. The Company has foreign tax credit carry-forwards of approximately $359,000 at December 31, 2016, that are available to reduce future U.S. income tax liabilities subject to certain limitations. These foreign tax credit carry-forwards expire at various times between 2018 and 2020. Additionally, the Company has federal alternative minimum tax ("AMT") credits of approximately $111,000 at December 31, 2016, that are available to offset future federal tax liabilities, and have no expiration.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will or will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become realizable. During the year ended December 31, 2016, based upon the weighting of positive and negative evidence, the Company has determined the results of future operations of one of its foreign subsidiaries will generate enough taxable income that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets of $214,000, generated from foreign NOLs, can be utilized in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the valuation allowance previously established for this tax benefit has been reversed. The Company has also determined that a full valuation against the remaining net deferred tax assets is required and has recorded a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Should a change in circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the ability to realize deferred tax assets in future years, the Company will adjust related valuation allowances in the period that the change in circumstances occurs, along with a corresponding increase or charge to income. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties, if any, related to income tax matters in income tax expense. 

Deferred income taxes for 2016 and 2015 were provided for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities.  Tax effects of temporary differences and carry-forwards at December 31, 2016 and 2015, were as follows:

At December 31, 2016, the net deferred tax assets of $214,000 presented in the Company's balance sheet comprises deferred tax assets of $565,000, offset by deferred tax liabilities of $351,000. At December 31, 2015, the net deferred tax assets of $0 presented in the Company's balance sheet comprises deferred tax assets of $395,000, offset by deferred tax liabilities of $395,000.

The Company will recognize any interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense.  At the date of adoption of ASC 740, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax positions.  In addition, the Company did not record any increases or decreases to its liability for unrecognized tax positions during the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015.  Accordingly, the Company has not accrued for any interest and penalties as of December 31, 2016 or 2015. The Company does not anticipate any change in its liability for unrecognized tax positions over the next fiscal year.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal, various state, Hong Kong and India jurisdictions. The statute of limitations for assessment by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and state tax authorities is open for tax years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, although carry-forward attributes that were generated prior to tax year 2012, including NOL carry-forwards and tax credits, may still be adjusted upon examination by the IRS or state tax authorities if they either have been or will be used in a future period.  The Company is generally subject to examinations by foreign tax authorities from 2010 to the present.

On December 31, 2016, MtronPTI renewed its Loan Agreement (the "CNB Loan Agreement"), with City National Bank of Florida ("City National"). The CNB Loan Agreement provides for a revolving line of credit in the amount of $3.0 million (the "CNB Revolver"), which bears interest at a variable rate equal to 30-day LIBOR plus 200 basis points to be set on the first day of each month, and expires on September 30, 2018. The CNB Loan Agreement also provides that MtronPTI will pay City National a fee equal to 0.75% per year on the daily unused amount. The Company's obligations under the CNB Loan Agreement are secured only by cash collateral and do not require any other liens.

At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there was no balance outstanding under the CNB Revolver and no associated restricted cash.

On August 29, 2011, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to 100,000 shares of its common stock in accordance with applicable securities laws. This authorization increased the total number of shares authorized and available for repurchase under the Company's existing share repurchase program to 540,000 shares, at such times, amounts and prices as the Company shall deem appropriate. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had repurchased a total of 81,584 shares of common stock at a cost of $580,000, which shares are currently held in treasury.

On August 6, 2013, the Company distributed 12,981,025 warrants to purchase shares of the Company's common stock as a dividend to holders of the Company's common stock on July 29, 2013, the record date for the dividend. Stockholders received five warrants for each share of the Company's common stock owned on the record date. When exercisable, 25 warrants will entitle their holder to purchase one share of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share (subject to adjustment).

The warrants are "European style warrants" and will only become exercisable on the earlier of (i) their expiration date, August 6, 2018, and (ii) such date that the 30-day volume weighted average price per share, or VWAP, of the Company's common stock is greater than or equal to $15.00 (subject to adjustment). Once the warrants become exercisable, they may be exercised in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement between the Company and the warrant agent until their expiration at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the expiration date.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  Fair value guidance identifies three primary valuation techniques: the market approach, the income approach and the cost approach.  The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.  The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts.  The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset.

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).  The maximization of observable inputs and the minimization of the use of unobservable inputs are required.

Classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the objectivity of the inputs that are significant to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date.  The three levels within the fair value hierarchy are characterized as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include:  quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability for which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own assumptions about what market participants would use to price the asset or liability. These inputs may include internally developed pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the fair value determination requires significant management judgment.

Assets

To estimate the market value of its marketable securities, the Company obtains current market pricing from quoted market sources or uses pricing for identical securities. Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below.

There were no transfers from level 2 to level 3 during the period. There were no level 2 or 3 assets as of December 31, 2016 or 2015. The Company also has assets that may be subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis, including goodwill and intangible assets, and other long-lived assets. There were no liabilities subject to fair value on a non-recurring or recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The Company reviews goodwill annually and the carrying value of long-lived assets whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. If it is determined that the assets are impaired, the carrying value would be reduced to estimated fair value.

The Company offers a defined contribution plan for eligible employees, in which the Company makes discretionary contributions up to 50% of the first 6% of eligible compensation contributed by participants. The Company contributed approximately $107,000 and $112,000 in discretionary contributions during 2016 and 2015, respectively. Participants vest in employer contributions starting after their second year of service at 20% increments vesting 100% in year six.

In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries may become defendants in certain product liability, patent infringement, worker claims and other litigation. The Company records a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. The Company is not involved in any legal proceedings other than routine litigation arising in the normal course of business, none of which the Company believes will have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations.

Rent Expense

Rent expense under operating leases was $249,000 and $196,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company leases certain property and equipment, including warehousing, and sales and distribution equipment, under operating leases that extend from one to two years. Certain of these leases have renewal options.

The Company has identified two reportable business segments from operations: electronic components, which includes all products manufactured and sold by MtronPTI, and electronic instruments, which includes all products manufactured and sold by PTF. The Company's foreign operations in Hong Kong and India exist under MtronPTI.

Operating income (loss) is equal to revenues less cost of sales and operating expenses, excluding investment income, interest expense, and income taxes. Identifiable assets of the segment are those used in its operations and exclude general corporate assets. General corporate assets are principally cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and certain other investments and receivables.