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Life360, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________

FORM 10-Q

x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission File Number 000-56424
Life360, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware26-0197666
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
539 Bryant Street, Suite 402
San Francisco, CA
94107
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Tel: (415) 484-5244
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable.
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”):
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
None.None.None.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes  x   No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated fileroAccelerated filero
Non-accelerated filer  xSmaller reporting companyo
Emerging growth companyx
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes   o     No  x
As of November 14, 2022, the registrant had 62,325,855 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, including shares underlying all issued and outstanding Chess Depository Interests (“CDIs”), outstanding.

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Life360, Inc.
FORM 10-Q for the Quarter Ended September 30, 2022
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Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties regarding, among other things, (a) our projected sales, profitability, and cash flows, (b) our growth strategy, (c) anticipated trends in our industry, (d) our future financing plans, and (e) our anticipated needs for, and use of, working capital. They are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “management believes,” “we believe,” “we intend,” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. We caution you the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this filing will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and other sections in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.






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Life360, Inc.
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
(Dollars in U.S. $, in thousands, except share and per share data)
September 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$43,964 $230,990 
Accounts receivable, net23,186 11,772 
Costs capitalized to obtain contracts, net1,894 1,319 
Inventory15,206 2,009 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets10,805 10,590 
Total current assets95,055 256,680 
Restricted cash14,911 355 
Property and equipment, net525 580 
Costs capitalized to obtain contracts, net of current portion113 330 
Prepaid expenses and other assets, noncurrent7,603 3,691 
Right-of-use-asset1,491 1,627 
Intangible assets, net54,934 7,986 
Goodwill133,620 31,127 
Total Assets$308,252 $302,376 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable$12,578 $3,248 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities27,158 10,547 
Escrow liability13,094 — 
Contingent consideration— 9,500 
Convertible notes, current ($3,454 and $4,222 measured at fair value, respectively)
3,454 4,222 
Deferred revenue, current27,871 13,929 
Total current liabilities84,155 41,446 
Convertible notes, noncurrent ($3,380 and $8,071 measured at fair value, respectively)
3,909 8,284 
Derivative liability, noncurrent213 1,396 
Deferred revenue, noncurrent3,015 — 
Other noncurrent liabilities1,498 1,205 
Total Liabilities$92,790 $52,331 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021; 62,284,507 and 60,221,799 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021, respectively
62 61 
Additional paid-in capital460,395 416,278 
Notes due from affiliates(312)(951)
Accumulated deficit(244,669)(165,343)
Accumulated other comprehensive income(14)— 
Total stockholders’ equity215,462 250,045 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity$308,252 $302,376 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Life360, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(unaudited)
(Dollars in U.S. $, in thousands, except share and per share data)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Subscription revenue$38,991 $23,110 $107,884 $59,479 
Hardware revenue11,676 38 28,314 38 
Other revenue6,486 6,549 20,769 18,181 
Total revenue57,153 29,697 156,967 77,698 
Cost of subscription revenue7,768 4,374 22,742 11,894 
Cost of hardware revenue9,327 82 27,906 82 
Cost of other revenue818 932 2,673 2,661 
Total cost of revenue17,913 5,388 53,321 14,637 
Gross Profit39,240 24,309 103,646 63,061 
Operating expenses:
Research and development24,569 13,113 77,337 35,821 
Sales and marketing24,228 13,360 70,365 32,156 
General and administrative11,567 5,584 37,643 13,491 
Total operating expenses60,364 32,057 185,345 81,468 
Loss from operations(21,124)(7,748)(81,699)(18,407)
Other income (expense):
Convertible notes fair value adjustment(232)— 1,875 — 
Derivative liability fair value adjustment(145)(412)1,183 (412)
Other income (expense), net455 2 (601)5 
Total other income (expense), net78 (410)2,457 (407)
Loss before income taxes(21,046)(8,158)(79,242)(18,814)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes73 (144)84 (144)
Net Loss$(21,119)$(8,014)$(79,326)$(18,670)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.34)$(0.16)$(1.28)$(0.37)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted62,173,588 51,217,286 61,753,532 50,608,146 
Comprehensive loss
Net loss(21,119)(8,014)(79,326)(18,670)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment(29)— (14)— 
Total comprehensive loss$(21,148)$(8,014)$(79,340)$(18,670)
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)











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Life360, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(unaudited)
(Dollars in U.S. $, in thousands, except share and per share data)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-In Capital		Notes Due
from Affiliates		Accumulated
Deficit		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 202160,221,799 $61 $416,278 $(951)$(165,343)$— $250,045 
Exercise of stock options277,995 — 1,508 — — — 1,508 
Exercise of warrants66,892 — — — — — — 
Vesting of restricted stock units124,059 — — — — — — 
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards— — (716)— — — (716)
Issuance of common stock in connection with an acquisition779,032 1 15,408 — — — 15,409 
Issuance of common stock— — 85 — — — 85 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 6,095 — — — 6,095 
Interest accrued relating to notes due from affiliates— — — (5)— — (5)
Net loss— — — — (25,222)— (25,222)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment— — — — — 29 29 
Balance at March 31, 202261,469,777 $62 $438,658 $(956)$(190,565)$29 $247,228 
Exercise of stock options56,583 — 258 — — — 258 
Exercise of warrants20,903 — 1 — — — 1 
Vesting of restricted stock units179,118 — — — — — — 
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards— — (778)— — — (778)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 10,429 — — — 10,429 
Interest accrued relating to notes due from affiliates— — — (3)— — (3)
Repayment of notes due from affiliates— — 648 648 — — 1,296 
Issuance of common stock in settlement of contingent consideration360,724 — 4,221 — — — 4,221 
Net loss— — — — (32,985)— (32,985)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment— — — — — (14)(14)
Balance at June 30, 202262,087,105 $62 $453,437 $(311)$(223,550)$15 $229,653 
Exercise of stock options58,800 — 228 — — — 228 
Vesting of restricted stock units214,522 — — — — — — 
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards— — (1,233)— — — (1,233)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 7,963 — — — 7,963 
Interest accrued relating to notes due from affiliates— — — (1)— — (1)
Cancellation of revesting stock (75,920)— — — — — — 
Net loss— — — — (21,119)— (21,119)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment— — — — — (29)(29)
Balance at September 30, 202262,284,507 $62 $460,395 $(312)$(244,669)$(14)$215,462 
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Life360, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(unaudited)
(Dollars in U.S. $, in thousands, except share and per share data)
Common StockAdditional
Paid-In Capital		Notes Due
from Affiliates		Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 202050,035,408 $50 $196,852 $(927)$(131,786)$64,189 
Exercise of stock options126,497 — 498 — — 498 
Vesting of restricted stock units109,482 — — — — — 
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards— — (586)— — (586)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 2,199 — — 2,199 
Interest accrued relating to notes due from affiliates— — — (9)— (9)
Net loss— — — — (3,852)(3,852)
Balance at March 31, 202150,271,387 50 198,963 (936)(135,638)62,439 
Exercise of stock options287,745 — 790 — — 790 
Vesting of restricted stock units169,915 — — — — — 
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards— — (1,249)— — (1,249)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 2,941 — — 2,941 
Interest accrued relating to notes due from affiliates— — — (6)— (6)
Net loss— — — — (6,804)(6,804)
Balance at June 30, 202150,729,047 50 201,445 (942)(142,442)58,111 
Exercise of stock options350,394 — 935 — — 935 
Exercise of warrants37,410 — — — — — 
Vesting of restricted stock units129,448 — — — — — 
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards— — (1,334)— — (1,334)
Issuance of warrants with convertible note— — 844 — — 844 
Beneficial conversion feature associated with convertible note— — 603 — — 603 
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition765,733 1 13,820 — — 13,821 
Vested option awards assumed in connection with an acquisition— — 533 — — 533 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 3,260 — — 3,260 
Interest accrued relating to notes due from affiliates— — — (3)— (3)
Net loss— — — — (8,014)(8,014)
Balance at September 30, 202152,012,032 $51 $220,106 $(945)$(150,456)$68,756 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited)
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Life360, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
(Dollars in U.S. $, in thousands)
Nine months ended
September 30,
2022		September 30,
2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss$(79,326)$(18,670)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization6,831 459 
Amortization of costs capitalized to obtain contracts2,419 3,164 
Stock-based compensation expense24,487 8,400 
Compensation expense in connection with revesting notes (Note 7)(100)43 
Noncash interest (income) expense, net345 (18)
Convertible notes fair value adjustment(1,875)— 
Derivative liability fair value adjustment(1,183)412 
Gain on revaluation of contingent consideration(5,279)— 
Noncash revenue from affiliate(1,008)— 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net16,412 (3,877)
Prepaid expenses and other assets7,216 4,047 
Inventory(4,877)(235)
Costs capitalized to obtain contracts, net (2,777)(1,382)
Accounts payable(13,867)2,196 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(5,345)3,652 
Deferred revenue2,410 2,344 
Other noncurrent liabilities620 (876)
Net cash used in operating activities(54,897)(341)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired(113,401)(2,983)
Internal use software(701)— 
Cash advance on convertible note receivable— (4,000)
Net cash used in investing activities(114,102)(6,983)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from the exercise of options1,994 2,223 
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards(2,727)(3,169)
Issuance of common stock85 — 
Proceeds from repayment of notes due from affiliates648 — 
Payments on borrowings— (53)
Repayment of convertible notes(3,471)— 
Cash received in advance of the issuance of convertible notes— 2,110 
Net cash (used)/provided by financing activities(3,471)1,111 
Net Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash(172,470)(6,213)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at the Beginning of the Period231,345 56,611 
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Life360, Inc.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at the End of the Period$58,875 $50,398 
Supplemental disclosure:
Cash paid during the period for taxes$— $(33)
Cash paid during the period for interest(518)— 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Fair value of stock issued in connection with an acquisition$15,409 $13,821 
Fair value of convertible debt issued in connection with an acquisition— 11,597 
Fair value of contingent consideration issued in connection with an acquisition— 5,900 
Fair value of vested options assumed in connection with an acquisition — 533 
Forgiveness of convertible note receivable in connection an acquisition— 4,023 
Relative fair value of warrants issued with convertible debt— 844 
Beneficial conversion feature related to convertible debt— 603 
Fair value of bifurcated derivative related to convertible debt— 663 
Fair value of warrants held as investment in affiliate5,474 — 
Fair value of stock issued in settlement of contingent consideration4,221 — 
Total non-cash investing and financing activities:$25,104 $37,984 

The following table provides a table of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the balance sheets totaling the same such amounts shown above:
September 30,
2022		September 30,
2021
Cash and cash equivalents$43,964 $50,050 
Restricted cash14,911 348 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$58,875 $50,398 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
1.    Nature of Business
Life360, Inc. (the “Company”) is a leading technology platform, based on market share of the family safety and location sharing app market, to locate the people, pets and things that matter most to families. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware in April 2007. The Company’s core offering, the Life360 mobile application, is now a market leading mobile application for families, with features that range from communications to driving safety and location sharing. The Company operates under a “freemium” model where its core offering is available to users at no charge, with three membership subscription options that are available but not required. The Company also generates revenue through monetization arrangements with certain commercial third parties (“Data Revenue Partners”) through Lead Gen and license agreements (including aggregated insights into the data collected from the Company’s user base). On September 1, 2021, the Company acquired all ownership interests of Jio, Inc (“Jiobit”). Jiobit is a provider of wearable location devices for young children, pets, and seniors. On January 5, 2022, the Company acquired all ownership interests of Tile, Inc. (“Tile”). Tile is a smart location company whose product includes a Bluetooth enabled device and related accessories that work in tandem with the Tile Application to enable its customers to locate lost or misplaced objects.
2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or (“GAAP”), are presented in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated, and include the accounts of Life360, Inc. and subsidiaries, Jio, Inc., Tile, Inc., Tile Europe Ltd and Tile Network Canada ULC. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.
In management’s opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial position. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
The information contained within the condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management include, but are not limited to, the determination of revenue recognition, including the determination of selling prices for distinct performance obligations sold in multiple-performance obligation arrangements, the period over which revenue is recognized for certain arrangements, and estimated delivery dates for orders with title transfer upon delivery, accounts receivable allowance, product returns, promotional and marketing allowances, inventory valuation, average useful customer life, stock-based compensation, legal contingencies, assessment of possible impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, valuation of contingent consideration, convertible notes and embedded derivatives, useful lives of long lived assets and income taxes including valuation allowances on deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The guidance should be applied prospectively to acquisitions occurring on or after the effective date. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2024, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted, including in interim periods, for any financial statements that have not yet been issued. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2021-08 on September 1, 2021, and the Company has recorded the acquired deferred revenue based on historical carrying value rather than fair value in the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards. ASU 2019-12 removes the following exceptions: exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation; exception to accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and exception to interim period tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses. ASU 2019-12 also improves financial reporting for franchise taxes that are partially based on income; transactions with a government that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill; separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax; and enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the standard is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU 2019-12, and the standard did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the existing incurred loss impairment model for financial assets held at amortized cost. The new model uses a forward-looking expected loss method to calculate credit loss estimates. These changes will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which updates accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors and enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, the amendments require an entity to disclose gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables. The amendments included within ASU 2022-02 become effective after the adoption of ASU 2016-13, which becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2023 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not expect a material impact.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. Among other changes, ASU 2020-06 removes from GAAP the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature, and as a result, after adoption, entities will no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature for such debt. Similarly, the embedded conversion feature will no longer be amortized into income as interest expense over the life of the instrument. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. Additionally, ASU 2020-06 requires the application of the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share, which will result in increased dilutive securities as the assumption of cash settlement of the notes will not be available for the purpose of calculating earnings per share. The provisions of ASU 2020-06 are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and can be adopted on either a fully retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the timing, method of adoption, and overall impact of this standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers at transaction price, an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Transaction price is calculated as selling price net of variable consideration which may include estimates for future returns and sales incentives related to current period revenue. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.
Performance Obligations
Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, primarily hardware and subscription services for the Tile and Jiobit hardware tracking devices. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) basis with the amounts allocated to ongoing services deferred and recognized over a period of time and amounts allocated to hardware tracking devices recognized at a point-in time with a portion of the consideration being allocated to application usage (maintenance) and support. The Company determines SSP based on observable, if available, prices for those related goods and services when sold separately. When such observable prices are not available, the Company determines SSP based on multiple factors including consumer behaviors, the Company’s internal pricing model, and relative costs incurred plus a normal margin. The factors may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances related to each deliverable.
For hardware products, the Company generally offers a limited warranty to end-users covering a period of twelve months for products and obligates the Company to repair or replace products for manufacturing defects or hardware component failures. The warranty is not sold separately and does not represent a separate performance obligation. Therefore, such warranties are accounted for under ASC 460, Guarantees, and the estimated costs of warranty claims are generally accrued as cost of revenue in the period the related revenue is recorded. See Note 11 “Commitments and Contingencies” for further details.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Variable Consideration
The Company recognizes hardware revenue at the net sales price, which includes certain estimates for variable consideration with our customers. The Company’s variable consideration is primarily in the form of promotional agreements and marketing development fund agreements in relation to the hardware tracking devices.
These agreements are designed to enhance the sale of the Company’s products and consist of incentives to the Company’s customers. The Company estimates variable considerations using the expected value method. All forms of variable consideration are recorded as contra-revenue and a corresponding liability in its condensed consolidated balance sheet. Certain agreements are estimates at period end due to the nature of the incentives or expected and yet-to-be announced incentive programs that apply to current period revenue transactions. These estimates are based on the Company’s incentive program experience, historical and projected sales data and current contractual terms. The remaining portion of this liability is based on contractual amounts and does not require estimation.
Subscription Revenue
The Company’s subscription revenue includes related support and is comprised of Life360 mobile application subscriptions as well as subscription service plans for the Tile and Jiobit hardware tracking devices. The Company’s subscription contracts with customers are established at the point of mobile application download and purchase as indicated through acceptance of the Company’s Terms of Use.
The cloud-based subscriptions are considered single combined performance obligations, consisting of multiple features that can be purchased separately, but which are bundled together and delivered to the customer as a combined output. The Company provides its customers with technical support along with unspecified updates and upgrades to the platform on an if and when available basis.
The subscription service plan for the Tile and Jiobit hardware tracking device is a distinct and separate performance obligation from the hardware. Subscription fees are fixed and recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable contractual term of the agreement, generally beginning on the date that the Company’s service is made available to the customer.
Subscription revenue was $39.0 million and $23.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $107.9 million and $59.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Hardware Revenue
The Company derives hardware revenue from sale of the Tile and Jiobit hardware tracking devices and related accessories. For hardware and accessories, revenue is recognized at the time products are delivered. The Company offers limited rights of return and estimates reserves based on historical experience and records the reserves as a reduction of revenue and an accrued liability. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and the Company’s related shipping and handling costs incurred are classified as cost of revenue. The customers are billed upon shipment of the hardware tracking devices. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to respective governmental authorities are recorded as liabilities and are not included in revenue.
The Company’s hardware and the embedded operating system are one distinct performance obligation and separate from the subscription service plans for the Tile and Jiobit hardware tracking device. The Company’s embedded operating system is a component of the hardware that is integral to the functionality of the hardware and only together produce the essential functionality of the hardware. The Company offers extended warranties and hardware protection plans that are recognized over the contractual service period (typically 1 to 2 years).

Hardware revenue was $11.7 million and $38 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $28.3 million and $38 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Other Revenue
Other revenue consists primarily of data revenue and partnership revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s data revenue includes Life360 data monetization arrangements with certain third parties established through Data Master Service Agreements (collectively, “Data MSAs”), which outline specific terms governing the access and use of data and related fees. The Company determines a contract to exist upon the mutual execution of a Data MSA. Those customers historically had ability to access certain portions of the Company’s user data over the contract term, in which certain customers pay a fee based on average active monthly users. Most of the Company’s Data MSAs have been terminated as of September 30, 2022 as the Company has moved toward an aggregate data sales model.
The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring data to the customer. The Company estimates and includes variable consideration in the transaction price at contract inception to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. In estimating variable consideration in data arrangements, the Company considers historical experience and other external factors that may impact the expectation of future data usage. At each reporting period, the Company assesses actual and expected data usage that will be earned for the duration of the contract term. The payment terms for Data MSAs are monthly.
The Company recognizes fees for certain data arrangements over time based on the fee per average active monthly user as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit of the services that the Company provides over the term of the agreement.
In January 2022, Life360 announced a new partnership agreement with Placer.ai (“Placer”), a prominent provider of aggregated analytics for the retail ecosystem, in which executives of the Company have an immaterial ownership interest through a passive investment vehicle. As part of this partnership, Placer will provide data processing and analytics services to Life360 and will have the right to commercialize aggregated data related to place visits during the term of the agreement. This partnership marked the beginning of Life360’s exit from its legacy data sales model and transition to commercialize solely aggregated data, while still providing members the option to opt out of even aggregated data sales. In keeping with the Company’s vision and consistent with that aggregated data sales model, the Company is exploring ways, in the future, to enable members to avail themselves of compelling offers and opportunities by enabling Company partners to use their data with members’ explicit, affirmative opt-in consent. The Placer agreement includes fixed monthly revenue amounts for access to aggregated data for the duration of the three-year agreement. The Company has a stand ready obligation to provide aggregated user data over the term of the agreement and recognizes revenue ratably based on the fixed monthly amounts. The Company estimates and includes variable consideration in the transaction price at contract inception to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

In connection with the agreement, Placer issued the Company a warrant to purchase up to 5,100,167 shares of Series C Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $4.90 per share. The grant of the warrant is considered noncash consideration, which the Company measured at fair value on the date of issuance. The warrant was valued using an option pricing model, and the fair value of approximately $5.4 million has been included as part of the transaction price of the Placer data partnership agreement, and will be included in prepaid expenses and other assets, noncurrent on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Data revenue was $5.5 million and $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $17.7 million and $13.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Partnership revenue includes agreements with third parties to provide access to advertising on the Company’s mobile platform. The Company receives a percentage of the advertising spend as a fee, which is recognized as revenue on a net basis. The variable amounts earned under partnership revenue arrangements are allocable to the month in which the advertising is placed, which is reset on a monthly basis. As such, the Company will recognize revenue monthly based on the advertising placed.

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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Partnership revenue was $1.0 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $3.1 million and $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the amount of contracted future revenue not yet recognized as the amounts relate to undelivered performance obligations, including both deferred revenue and non-cancelable contracted amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations was $30.9 million as of September 30, 2022, of which the Company expects $27.9 million to be recognized over the next twelve months.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of subscription revenue includes all direct costs to deliver the Company’s subscription services. These costs include personnel-related costs associated with our cloud-based infrastructure and our customer support organization, third-party hosting fees, software, and maintenance costs, outside services associated with the delivery of our subscription services, personnel-related expenses, travel-related costs, amortization of acquired intangibles and allocated overhead, such as facilities, including rent, utilities, depreciation on equipment shared by all departments, credit card and transaction processing fees, and shared information technology costs. Personnel-related expenses include salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for operations personnel.
Cost of hardware revenue consists of product costs, including hardware production, contract manufacturers for production, shipping and handling, packaging, fulfillment, personnel-related expenses, manufacturing and equipment depreciation, warehousing, tariff costs, hosting, app fees, customer support costs, warranty replacement, and write-downs of excess and obsolete inventory. Personnel-related expenses include salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for operations personnel.
Cost of other revenue consists of cloud-based hosting costs, as well as costs of product operations function and employee-related costs associated with our data platform.
Costs Capitalized to Obtain Contracts
Costs capitalized to obtain contracts comprise of revenue-share payments to the Company’s Channel Partners in connection with annual subscription sales of the Company’s mobile application on each respective mobile application store platform as well as sales commissions paid to employees on hardware sales. Costs that are incremental and directly related to new customer sales contracts are accrued and capitalized upon execution of a non-cancelable customer contract, and subsequently expensed over the average life of the customer relationship, which is currently estimated to be two to three years depending on the subscription type. The Company has elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40 to expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract if the amortization periods is one year or less.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company makes judgments as to its ability to collect outstanding accounts receivable and provide allowances for accounts receivable when and if collection becomes doubtful. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable based on review of its past-due balances, known collection risks and historical experience. In circumstances where the Company is aware of a specific customer’s potential inability to meet its financial obligations to the Company (e.g., bankruptcy filings or substantial downgrading of credit ratings), the Company records a specific reserve for bad debt against amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount it reasonably believes will be collected. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and total bad debt expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was immaterial.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Inventory and Contract Manufacturing
Inventory is comprised of raw materials and finished goods related to the Tile and Jiobit hardware tracking devices and accessories. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a weighted average basis. The Company assesses the valuation of inventory and periodically writes down the value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon estimates of future demand and market conditions. The Company’s inventory is held at third party warehouses and contract manufacturer premises.
The Company outsources a significant portion of its manufacturing to independent contract manufacturers in Asia. A significant portion of its cost of revenue consists of inventory purchased from these manufacturers. The Company’s manufacturers procure components and manufacture the Company’s products based on the demand forecasts provided. These forecasts are based on estimates of future demand for the Company’s products, which are in turn based on historical trends and an analysis from the Company’s sales and marketing organizations, adjusted for overall market conditions. Shipments of inventory from the contract manufacturer are recorded as finished goods inventory upon shipment when title and the significant risks and reward of ownership have passed to the Company.
Significant Risks and Uncertainties
The Company’s business, operations, and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties including adverse global economic conditions, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and competition in our industry that could adversely affect our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows. These important factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results.

The Company’s customers primarily consist of individual consumers, who subscribe to the Company’s product offerings through market exchanges operated by channel partners, data revenue customers and retail partners, who purchase hardware tracking devices from the Company and resell them directly to individual consumers. Any changes in customer preferences and trends or changes in terms of use of channel partners’ platforms could have an adverse impact on its results of operations and financial condition.

The Company depends on the constant real-time performance, reliability and availability of our technology system and access to our partner’s networks. The Company primarily relies on a single technology partner for its cloud platform and a limited number of contract manufacturers to assemble components of the Jiobit and Tile hardware tracking devices. Any adverse impacts to the platform and the contract manufacturers could negatively impact our relationships with our partners or users and may adversely impact our business, financial performance, and reputation.

The Company derives its accounts receivable from revenue earned from customers located in the United States and internationally. The Company does not perform ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and does not require collateral from its customers. Historically, bad debt expenses have been insignificant. Channel and retail partners account for the majority of the Company’s revenue and accounts receivable for all periods presented.
The following tables set forth the information about our channel and retail partners who represented greater than 10% of our revenue or accounts receivable, respectively:
Percentage of Revenue
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
Channel Partner A50 %57 %48 %57 %
Channel Partner B16 %19 %15 %18 %
Retail Partner A**10 %*
Data Partner A11 %***
*    Represents less than 10%
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Percentage of Gross Accounts
Receivable
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Channel Partner A37 %48 %
Channel Partner B11 %14 %
Data Partner A16 %*
*    Represents less than 10%
Research and Development Costs
The Company charges costs related to research, design, and development of products to research and development expense as incurred. These costs consist of payroll related expenses, contractor fees, outside third-party vendors, and allocated facilities costs.
Advertising Expense
Advertising expense was $4.4 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $13.4 million and $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Advertising expenses are recorded in the period in which cost is incurred and are presented within sales and marketing expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investment securities with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include deposit and money market funds.
Restricted Cash
Deposits of $14.9 million and $0.4 million were restricted from withdrawal as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. $13.1 million of the restricted balance as of September 30, 2022 relates to funds placed in an indemnity escrow fund to be held for fifteen months after the acquisition date of Tile, Inc. for general representations and warranties. The remaining restricted cash balance as of September 30, 2022 relates to cash deposits restricted under letters of credit issued on behalf of the Company in support of indebtedness to trade creditors incurred in the ordinary course of business and to securing the Company’s facility leases. The $0.4 million balance restricted from withdrawal as of December 31, 2021 relates to facility lease agreements. These balances are included in restricted cash on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial and non-financial assets and liabilities to determine fair value disclosures. The accounting standards define fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value, and require disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact are considered along with assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance. The accounting standard for fair value establishes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, the first two of which are considered observable and the last unobservable, that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
The three levels of Inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:
Level 1 – Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 – Valuations based on unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology and including data about assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available under the circumstances.
The recorded carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, and accounts receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Refer to Note 6 “Fair Value Measurements” for further details.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Equipment, computer software, furniture, and product manufacturing equipment have estimated useful lives ranging from three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease with expected renewals. As of September 30, 2022, all leasehold improvements are amortized over three years.
Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reported in other income (expense), net in the period realized.
Software Development Costs
For development costs related to internal use software projects, the Company capitalizes costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Internal use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of three years. The Company capitalized $0.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Capitalized costs are included within intangible assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company did not capitalize any internal use software costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as the capitalizable costs were not material.
Lease Obligations
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at commencement date. The interest rate implicit in the Company’s operating leases is not readily determinable, and therefore an incremental borrowing rate is estimated to determine the present value of future payments. The estimated incremental borrowing rate factors in a hypothetical interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms, payments, and economic environments. Operating lease right-of-use assets also include any prepaid lease payments and lease incentives.
Certain operating lease agreements contain rent concession, rent escalation, and option to renew provisions. Rent concession and rent escalation provisions are considered in determining the straight-line single lease cost to be recorded over the lease term. Single lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term commencing on the date the Company has the right to use the leased property. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancellable, lease term when recognizing the lease assets and liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that the renewal option will be exercised.
In addition, certain of the Company’s operating lease agreements contain tenant improvement allowances from its landlords. These allowances are accounted for as lease incentives and decrease the Company’s right-of-use asset and reduce single lease cost over the lease term. Refer to Note 8 “Balance Sheet Components” for additional lease disclosures.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Business Combinations
The Company uses best estimates and assumptions to assign a fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations as of the acquisition date. These estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be recorded, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill amounts are not amortized but tested for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter. There was no impairment of goodwill during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets, including acquired patents, trademarks, customer relationships, and acquired developed technology are carried at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The Company determines the appropriate useful life of the Company’s intangible assets by measuring the expected cash flows of acquired assets. There was no impairment of intangible assets recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets, such as property and equipment subject to depreciation and acquired intangibles subject to amortization, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of its single reporting unit below its carrying value. There was no impairment of long-lived assets recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists primarily of payments received and accounts receivable recorded in advance of revenue recognition under the Company’s subscription arrangements. The Company primarily invoices its customers for its subscription services arrangements in advance. Amounts anticipated to be recognized within one year of the balance sheet date are recorded as deferred revenue, current; the remaining portion is recorded as deferred revenue, noncurrent in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Investment in Affiliate
Investment in affiliate relates to non-marketable equity securities held in a privately held company without a readily determinable market value. Non-marketable equity securities consist of warrants held to purchase shares of preferred stock of a Data Revenue Partner, refer to Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information regarding the Company’s Data Revenue Partner. Investments in non-public businesses that do not have readily determinable pricing, and for which the Company does not have control or does not exert significant influence, are carried at cost less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes in observable prices for those investments. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the carrying value of these investments are included as a non-operating expense to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. There have been no adjustments to the basis of the Company’s investment in affiliate to date. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in affiliate is included in prepaid expenses and other assets, noncurrent in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Common Stock Warrants
The Company has issued freestanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock in connection with certain debt financing transactions. The warrants are recorded as equity instruments at the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and are not subject to revaluation at each balance sheet date.
In addition, the Company has issued warrants in connection with the convertible note agreements. The warrants are recorded as equity instruments at the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value has been recorded as a debt discount that is being amortized to interest expense under the straight-line method over the term of respective convertible notes.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has an equity incentive plan under which various types of equity-based awards including, but not limited to, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units, and restricted stock awards, may be granted to employees, nonemployee directors, and nonemployee consultants.
For all equity awards granted to employees, nonemployees and directors, the Company recognizes compensation expense based on the grant-date estimated fair values. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, the fair value is based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock option awards, restricted stock units, and restricted stock awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, generally three to four years. Forfeitures are recorded as they occur.
In 2020, the Company granted a market performance award to an executive that is subject to time-based vesting requirements in which vesting is contingent upon the Company’s achievement of certain market performance goals. The fair value of such performance awards was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation and is recognized under the accelerated attribution method over a four year period.
In 2021, the Company issued stock options and restricted stock that have performance-based vesting conditions. For awards that include a performance condition, if the performance condition is determined to be probable of being satisfied, the Company recognizes compensation expense related to such awards using the accelerated attribution method over the required performance period. If a performance condition is not probable of being met, no compensation cost is recognized. Refer to Note 14 “Equity Incentive Plan” for further details.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. The Company estimates actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differences in accounting for reporting purposes and tax purposes for certain items, such as accruals and allowances not currently deductible for tax purposes. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the Company’s balance sheets. In general, deferred tax assets represent future tax benefits to be received when certain expenses previously recognized in the Company’s statements of operations and comprehensive loss become deductible expenses under applicable income tax laws or when net operating loss or credit carryforwards are utilized. Accordingly, realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income against which these deductions, losses and credits can be utilized.
The Company must assess the likelihood that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and to the extent the Company believes that recovery is not likely, the Company establishes a valuation allowance. The assessment of whether a valuation allowance is required often requires significant judgment including current and historical operating results, the forecast of future taxable income and on-going prudent and feasible tax planning initiatives.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The Company did not accrue any interest or penalties related to income tax positions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company evaluates the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome in legal or regulatory proceedings to which it is a party and records a loss contingency on an undiscounted basis when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These judgments are subjective and based on the status of such legal proceedings, the merits of the Company’s defenses, and consultation with legal counsel. Actual outcomes of these legal proceedings may differ materially from the Company’s estimates. The Company estimates accruals for legal expenses when incurred as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known to the Company at that time.
Segment Information
The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. All material long-lived assets are based in the United States.
Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes basic and diluted net loss per share in conformity with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period without consideration for potentially dilutive securities as they do not share in losses. The diluted net loss per share is computed giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, options to purchase common stock, common stock warrants, common stock convertible notes, and unvested restricted stock units are considered common stock equivalents but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share as the effect is antidilutive.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
3.     Revenue
Revenue by geography is generally based on the address of the customer as defined in the contract with the customer. The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
North America$52,041 $27,553 $141,352 $72,150 
Europe, Middle East and Africa2,264 1,155 8,843 2,832 
Other international regions2,848 989 6,772 2,716 
Total revenue$57,153 $29,697 $156,967 $77,698 
4.    Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue, which is a contract liability, consists primarily of payments received and accounts receivable recorded in advance of revenue recognition under the Company’s contracts with customers and is recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met.
The following table represents a roll forward of the Company’s deferred revenue (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Deferred revenue, beginning of period$28,821 $12,013 $13,929 $11,855 
Acquired deferred revenue1,173 403 10,081 403 
Additions to deferred revenue52,098 25,345 146,337 62,041 
Recognized revenue in the period(51,206)(23,148)(139,461)(59,686)
Deferred revenue, end of period$30,886 $14,613 $30,886 $14,613 
The acquired deferred revenue balance of $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 relates to a measurement period adjustment to the preliminary purchase price allocation for the acquisition of Tile, Inc. Refer to Note 7 “Business Combinations” for additional information.
5.    Costs Capitalized to Obtain Contracts
The Company recognizes as an asset the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the entity expects to recover those costs. The Company determined that its costs to obtain contracts were both direct and incremental. These costs are attributable to the Company’s largest channel partners.
Renewal contracts are considered non-commensurate with new contracts as the Company pays a different commission rate for renewals. Accordingly, the guidance requires that specifically anticipated renewal periods should be taken into consideration in determining the required amortization period. Specifically, under the guidance of ASC 340-40, the Company is required to estimate the specifically anticipated renewals after the initial contract to which the initial commission asset relates. The total amortization period is then equal to the initial contractual term plus all specifically anticipated renewals that relate to the initial commission asset. Based upon its assessment of historical data and other factors, the Company concluded that its average customer life was approximately two to three years depending on the subscription type, which is used as the amortization period for all capitalized contract acquisition costs for that subscription type.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
The following table represents a roll forward of the Company’s costs capitalized to obtain contracts, net (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Capitalized costs to obtain contracts, beginning of period$1,776 $2,743 $1,649 $3,951 
Acquired costs capitalized to obtain contracts— — 848 — 
Additions to capitalized costs to obtain contracts979 334 1,929 1,381 
Amortization of capitalized costs to obtain contracts(748)(909)(2,419)(3,164)
Capitalized costs to obtain contracts, end of period$2,007 $2,168 $2,007 $2,168 
6.    Fair Value Measurements
The Company measures and reports certain financial instruments as assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. These liabilities are considered Level 3 instruments.
The fair value of these instruments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are classified as follows (in thousands):
As of September 30, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Liabilities:
Derivative liability (Note 10)$— $— $213 $213 
Convertible notes (Note 9)— — 6,834 6,834 
Total$— $— $7,047 $7,047 
As of December 31, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Liabilities:
Derivative liability (Note 10)$— $— $1,396 $1,396 
Convertible notes (Note 9)— — 12,293 12,293 
Contingent consideration— — 9,500 9,500 
Total$— $— $23,189 $23,189 
The change in fair value of the Level 3 instruments were as follows (in thousands):
As of September 30, 2022
Derivative
liability
(Note 10)		Convertible
notes
(Note 9)		Contingent
consideration
Fair value, beginning of the year$1,396 $12,293 $9,500 
Vesting of revesting notes— 122 — 
Forfeiture of revesting notes— (235)— 
Repayment of convertible notes (Note 9)— (3,471)— 
Issuance of common stock in settlement of contingent consideration— — (4,221)
Changes in fair value(1,183)(1,875)(5,279)
Fair value, end of quarter$213 $6,834 $— 
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
As of December 31, 2021
Derivative
liability
(Note 10)		Convertible
notes
(Note 9)		Contingent
consideration
Fair value, beginning of the year$— $— $— 
Issuance of derivative liability663 — — 
Issuances of convertible notes— 11,597 — 
Issuance of revesting notes— 186 — 
Issuance of contingent consideration— — 5,900 
Changes in fair value733 510 3,600 
Fair value, end of year$1,396 $12,293 $9,500 
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a loss associated with the change in fair value of the derivative liability of $0.1 million and gain of $1.2 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a loss associated with convertible notes of $0.2 million and gain of $1.9 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had recorded a loss associated with the change in fair value of the derivative liability and convertible notes of $0.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The amounts have been recorded in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Company has recorded a gain associated with the change in fair value of the contingent consideration of $0 million and $5.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a loss associated with the change in fair value of the derivative liability of $0.4 million and gain of $0.4 million, respectively. No gain or loss associated with changes in fair value of convertible notes or contingent consideration were recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
7.    Business Combinations
Jio, Inc.
On September 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Jiobit, a privately held consumer electronics company that specializes in the production of low powered sensors and wearables. The company is based in Chicago, Illinois with an additional development center in Silicon Valley, California and was founded in 2015. Jiobit has developed a small and long-lasting tracking solution. The mobile app, which is run through a wireless subscription service, offers a comprehensive set of monitoring and notification features. The addition of Jiobit is expected to strengthen and extend the Company’s market leadership position by leveraging Jiobit’s developed technology and customer relationships to accelerate the Company’s own product development and augment the Company with a critical mass of talent with strong tracking/wearables experience. The aggregate purchase consideration was $43.2 million, of which $7.3 million was paid in cash, $5.9 million of contingent consideration was payable upon reaching certain operational goals for 2021 and 2022, $11.6 million representing the fair value of convertible notes (the “September 2021 Convertible Notes”), $4.0 million representing forgiveness of Jiobit’s convertible debt held by the Company, $0.6 million comprised of 25,245 vested common stock options issued to Jiobit employees (“replacement awards”), and $13.8 million comprised of 674,516 shares of the Company’s common stock. Of the consideration transferred, $0.2 million in cash was placed in an indemnity escrow fund to be held for fifteen months after the acquisition date for general representations and warranties.

The September 2021 Convertible Notes issued as part of the purchase consideration can be converted to common stock at any time subsequent to the acquisition at a fixed conversion price of $22.50 per share. On each of the first three annual anniversaries of the issuance date of the September 2021 Convertible Notes, the Company will repay 1/3rd of the unconverted principal plus accrued interest to the holders of such notes. Upon a change of control, the holder may elect to either convert at the fixed conversion price of $22.50 per share or be repaid in full. The Company has elected the fair value option and will remeasure the September 2021 Convertible Notes at their fair value on each reporting date and reflect the changes in fair value in earnings. The estimated fair value of the September 2021 Convertible Notes is determined using a
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
combination of the present value of the cash flows and the Black-Scholes option pricing model using assumptions as follows:
As of September 1,As of December 31,As of September 30,
202120212022
Principal$11,206 $11,206 $6,730 
Interest rate4.5 %4.5 %7.4 %
Common stock fair value per share20.4921.169.51
Conversion price per share22.50 22.50 22.50 
Risk-free interest rate0.45 %0.88 %4.26 %
Time to exercise (in years)3.002.701.90
Volatility37 %43 %57 %
Annual dividend yield0 %0 %0 %
A total of $6.0 million was excluded from purchase consideration which consists of $1.9 million comprised of 91,217 shares of the Company’s common stock (“Revesting Stock” – Note 14) and $1.6 million comprised of convertible notes (“Revesting Notes”) issued to key employees, retention bonuses of $1.0 million, and $0.5 million comprised of 43,083 unvested common stock options issued to Jiobit employees (“Unvested Replacement Awards” – Note 14). The Company incurred transaction related expenses of $1.0 million, which were expensed as incurred and recorded under general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Revesting Stock and Revesting Notes are restricted and vest with continuous employment of certain key employees over a 3-year period subsequent to the acquisition. The Revesting Stock is recognized in general and administrative expense as the Revesting Stock vests. In April 2022, one of the key employees exited the Company, and so the entirety of their Revesting Notes and Revesting Stock was forfeited. The Company recorded $0.3 million as stock-based compensation included in general and administrative expense related to the forfeiture of their Revesting Stock and $0.3 million as compensation included in general and administrative expense related to the forfeiture of their Revesting Notes.
The Company recorded an immaterial amount and $0.2 million as stock-based compensation included in general and administrative expense related to the vesting of the Revesting Stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The Company records the Revesting Notes at fair value and will remeasure the Revesting Notes at fair value on each reporting date. The Revesting Notes are recognized in general and administrative expense. As the Revesting Notes vest, the changes in fair value are recorded as general and administrative expense with a corresponding entry to convertibles notes. The estimated fair value of the Revesting Notes is determined using a combination of the present value of the Revesting Notes cash flows and the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The terms of the Revesting Notes are consistent with the terms of the September 2021 Convertible Notes. The Company recorded an immaterial amount and $0.2 million as general and administrative and expense related to the changes in fair value of Revesting Notes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
The retention bonuses are recognized in prepaid expenses and other assets, noncurrent in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and vest monthly over a period of 24 months and require continuous employment. The expense associated with the Unvested Replacement Awards is recognized as stock-based compensation ratably over the remaining service period.
The 2021 and 2022 contingent consideration is based on the achievement of a Qualifying Units Sold Target for the period January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (“2021 Contingent Consideration”) and for the period January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022 (“2022 Contingent Consideration,” collectively, “Contingent Consideration”). The Contingent Consideration consists of 301,261 and 451,891 shares for 2021 and 2022, respectively, with the amount paid equal to the attainment relative to target in each year and settled in shares of the Company’s common stock. The Contingent
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Consideration shares payable is determined based on the percentage achievement relative to the target in each period, respectively, with greater than 100% attainment resulting in 100% payment, 90% to 100% attainment resulting in the number of shares equal to the percentage attainment, and less than 90% attainment equal to no consideration. The Contingent Consideration is held at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in general and administrative expense. The estimated fair value of the Contingent Consideration is determined by using a Monte Carlo Simulation scenario-based analysis that estimates the fair value of the Contingent Consideration based on the probability-weighted present value of the expected future cash flows, considering possible outcomes based on actual and forecasted results. The estimated fair value of the 2021 and 2022 Contingent Consideration upon issuance was $0.1 million and $5.8 million, respectively. The estimated fair value of the 2021 and 2022 Contingent Consideration as of December 31, 2021 was $6.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively. The Company recorded a $0 million and $5.3 million gain within general and administrative expense related to the change in the fair value of the Contingent Consideration during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
In April 2022, the Board of Directors and previous Jiobit shareholders approved an amendment to the 2021 Contingent Consideration. The 2021 Contingent Consideration was amended to 50% of the total potential amount of which 376,573 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to shareholders. The fair value of the common stock of $4.2 million was recorded to additional paid-in capital and the contingent consideration liability was reversed.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The total purchase price of $43.2 million was allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition date and the excess was recorded to goodwill. The provisional values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary estimates of fair value available as of the date of these financial statements and may be adjusted during the measurement period of up to 12 months from the date of acquisition. Any changes in the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period may result in adjustments to goodwill.
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition were recorded at their fair value on the date of acquisition as follows (in thousands):
Fair Value
Net tangible assets$5,986 
Intangible assets8,400 
Goodwill30,363 
Liabilities assumed(1,551)
Total acquisition consideration$43,198 
The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired (in thousands) and their estimated useful lives as of the date of acquisition:
Fair ValueEstimated Useful
Life
(in years)
Developed technology$4,030 5
Trade name3,380 10
Customer relationships990 10
Total identified intangible assets$8,400 
Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets that could not be individually identified and separately recognized, such as the acquired assembled workforce of Jiobit. In addition, goodwill represents the future benefits as a result of the acquisition that will enhance the Company’s product available to both new and existing customers and increase the Company’s competitive position. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
The Company estimated and recorded a net deferred tax liability of $0.1 million after offsetting the acquired available tax attributes with the intangible assets shown in the table above. Refer to Note 15 “Income Taxes” for discussion of the partial release of the Company’s valuation allowance relating to the deferred tax liability.
The results of operations of Jiobit are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss from the date of acquisition.
Tile, Inc.
On January 5, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Tile, Inc. (“Tile”), a privately held consumer electronics company. The company is based in San Mateo, California and was founded in 2012. Tile is a smart location company whose product includes a Bluetooth enabled device and related accessories that work in tandem with the Tile Application (the “Application”), to enable its customers to locate lost or misplaced objects. Tile offers a comprehensive list of products to use with the application, along with optional subscription services to enhance features offered for Tile products. The addition of Tile is expected to strengthen and extend Life360’s market leadership position by leveraging Tile’s developed technology and customer relationships to accelerate the Company’s own product development and augment the Life360 team with a critical mass of talent. The aggregate purchase consideration was $173.6 million, of which $158.0 million was paid in cash and $15.6 million paid in equity. The $15.6 million in equity was comprised of 780,593 shares of the Company’s common stock valued on the date of acquisition and 534,465 shares of common stock contingent consideration which was promised upon reaching certain operational goals. Of the consideration transferred, $14.1 million in cash and 84,524 common shares were placed in an indemnity escrow fund to be held for fifteen months after the acquisition date for general representations and warranties.
A total of $35.0 million was excluded from purchase consideration which consists of retention consideration of 1,499,349 shares of retention restricted stock units valued at $29.6 million, $0.4 million related to 38,730 vested common stock options issued to Tile employees (“replacement awards”) as stock-based compensation on the acquisition date and change in control bonuses of $3.0 million which were recognized as compensation expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations on the acquisition date. The Company incurred transaction related expenses of $1.7 million, which were recorded under general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The remaining costs excluded from purchase consideration were a result of 1,561 shares granted to key employee and vested based continued employment and 4,784 shares of contingent consideration granted to a key employee and vested based on continued employment.
Of the 1,499,349 shares of retention restricted stock units, 787,446 shares valued at $15.6 million contain performance vesting criteria based on the achievement of certain company milestones, and vest over a two year period. The remaining retention restricted stock units of 711,903 shares vest over a two to four year period.
The contingent consideration is based on the achievement of the Company’s achievement certain targets for revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) for the three months ended December 31, 2021 and the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company determined that the criteria to satisfy the contingent consideration was not met, and as such, no value was ascribed to the contingent consideration.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and the total purchase consideration was allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their fair values on the acquisition date and the excess was recorded to goodwill. The provisional values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary estimates of fair value available as of the date of these financial statements and certain assets and liabilities may be subject to adjustment during the measurement period of up to 12 months from the date of acquisition including, but not limited to, intangible assets, certain reserves and income taxes. Any changes in the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period may result in adjustments to goodwill.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company made a measurement period adjustment to the preliminary purchase price allocation which included: (i) an increase to goodwill of $0.4 million, (ii) an increase to deferred revenue of $1.2 million, and (iii) an increase to inventory of $0.8 million. The measurement period adjustment was made to reflect facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and is reflected in the table below.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition were recorded at their fair value on the date of acquisition as follows (in thousands):
Fair Value
Cash$32,997 
Restricted cash1,050 
Accounts receivable27,826 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets5,004 
Inventory8,320 
Property and equipment570 
Prepaid expenses and other assets, noncurrent482 
Intangible assets52,700 
Goodwill102,493 
Accounts payable(23,197)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities(24,613)
Deferred revenue(10,081)
Total acquisition consideration$173,551 

The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives as of the date of acquisition:
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Estimated Useful
Life
(in years)
Developed technology$18,400 5
Trade name20,000 10
Customer relationships14,300 8
Total identified intangible assets$52,700 
Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets that could not be individually identified and separately recognized, such as the acquired assembled workforce of Tile. In addition, goodwill represents the future benefits as a result of the acquisition that will enhance the Company’s product available to both new and existing customers and increase the Company’s competitive position. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
The results of operations of Tile are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss from the date of acquisition.
8.    Balance Sheet Components
Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net consists of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Accounts receivable$23,280 $11,772 
Allowance for doubtful accounts(94)— 
Accounts receivable, net$23,186 $11,772 
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Inventory
Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Raw materials$1,821 $1,298 
Finished goods13,385 711 
Total inventory$15,206 $2,009 
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Prepaid expenses$8,348 $9,798 
Other receivables2,457 792 
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets$10,805 $10,590 
Prepaid expenses primarily consist of certain cloud platform and customer service program costs. Other receivables primarily consist of refunds and other deposits.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Computer equipment$671 $479 
Leasehold improvements1,006 923 
Production manufacturing equipment624 378 
Furniture and fixtures431 422 
Total property and equipment, gross2,732 2,202 
Less: accumulated depreciation(2,207)(1,622)
Total property and equipment, net$525 $580 
Depreciation expense was $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets, noncurrent
Prepaid expenses and other assets, noncurrent consist of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Prepaid expenses$1,993 $3,324 
Investment in affiliate5,474 — 
Other assets136 367 
Total prepaid expenses and other assets, noncurrent$7,603 $3,691 
Prepaid expenses primarily consist of cloud platform costs. Investment in affiliate relates to warrants to purchase shares of common stock of a current Data Revenue Partner. Refer to Note 3 “Revenue” for additional information.
Leases
The Company currently leases real estate space under non-cancelable operating lease agreements for its corporate headquarters in San Francisco, San Mateo and San Diego, California and Chicago, Illinois. The operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to 2 years, some of which include the option to extend the lease.
The Company has recognized a right-of-use (ROU) asset, short term and long-term lease liabilities of $1.5 million, $1.3 million, and $0.2 million in “Right-of-use-asset,” “Accrued expenses and other liabilities,” and “Other noncurrent liabilities,” respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022.
The Company has recognized operating ROU assets, short term and long-term lease liabilities of $1.6 million, $1.6 million, and $0.3 million in “Right-of-use-asset,” “Accrued expenses and other liabilities,” and “Other noncurrent liabilities,” respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021.
The Company did not have any finance leases as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Operating lease costs were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Operating lease cost (1)
$602 $367 $1,796 $1,076 
(1)    Amounts include short-term leases, which are immaterial.
The weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating leases was 1.0 years and 1.3 years as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities was 5.0% and 4.8%, respectively.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities, which do not include short-term leases, as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Operating leases
Remainder of 2022$548 
2023931 
202461 
Total future minimum lease payments1,540 
Less imputed interest(38)
Total operating lease liability$1,502 
Payments for operating leases included in cash from operating activities were $0.6 million and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $0.4 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets, net consists of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Intellectual property$225 $225 
Licenses237 237 
Trade name23,380 3,380 
Technology22,685 4,285 
Customer relationships15,290 990 
Internal use software701 — 
Total intangible assets, gross62,518 9,117 
Less: accumulated amortization(7,584)(1,131)
Total intangible assets, net$54,934 $7,986 
Amortization expense was $2.2 million and $6.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. $0.1 million of amortization expense was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
As of September 30, 2022, estimated remaining amortization expense for intangible assets by fiscal year is as follows (in thousands):
Amount
Remainder of 2022$2,236 
20238,944 
20248,944 
20258,864 
20268,442 
Beyond17,504 
Total future amortization expense$54,934 

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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)

The weighted-average remaining useful lives of the Company’s acquired intangible assets are as follows:

Weighted-Average Remaining Useful Life
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Trade name9.2 years9.7 years
Technology4.2 years4.5 years
Customer relationships7.4 years9.7 years
The detail of intangible assets, net is as follows (in thousands):
As of September 30, 2022
Intellectual
property		LicensesTrade
name		TechnologyCustomer
relationships		Internal use softwareTotal
Total intangible assets$225 $237 $23,380 $22,685 $15,290 $701 $62,518 
Less accumulated amortization(225)(237)(1,839)(3,839)(1,424)(20)(7,584)
Total intangible assets, net$— $— $21,541 $18,846 $13,866 $681 $54,934 
As of December 31, 2021
Intellectual
property		LicensesTrade
name		TechnologyCustomer
relationships		Total
Total intangible assets$225 $237 $3,380 $4,285 $990 $9,117 
Less accumulated amortization(225)(237)(113)(523)(33)(1,131)
Total intangible assets, net$— $— $3,267 $3,762 $957 $7,986 

Goodwill
Goodwill consists of the following (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2021$31,127 
Acquisitions102,493 
Balance as of September 30, 2022$133,620 
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Accrued vendor expenses$14,698 $7,478 
Accrued compensation3,871 1,324 
Customer related promotions and discounts3,413 — 
Operating lease liability1,313 1,574 
Other current liabilities3,863 171 
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities$27,158 $10,547 
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Other current liabilities primarily relate to warranty liabilities and return accruals related to the Company’s hardware tracking devices.
Escrow Liability
The escrow liability relates to restricted cash associated with the Tile, Inc. acquisition placed in an indemnity escrow fund to be held for fifteen months after the acquisition date for general representations and warranties. The initial balance was included within total consideration transferred.
As of September 30, 2022 the total escrow liability remaining was $13.1 million and is included within current liabilities. No escrow liability was recorded as of December 31, 2021.
Other Noncurrent Liabilities
Other noncurrent liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Deposit liabilities$256 $916 
Other noncurrent liabilities1,053 — 
Operating lease liability189 289 
Total other noncurrent liabilities$1,498 $1,205 
9.    Convertible Notes
In July 2021, the Company issued convertible notes (“July 2021 Convertible Notes”) to investors with an underlying principal amount of $2.1 million. The July 2021 Convertible Notes accrue simple interest at an annual rate of 4% and mature on July 1, 2026. The July 2021 Convertible Notes may be settled under the following scenarios at the option of the holder: (i) at any time into common shares equal to the conversion amount of outstanding principal and any accrued but unpaid interest divided by the conversion price of $11.96; (ii) at the option of the holder upon a liquidation event a) paid in cash equal to the outstanding principal and any accrued but unpaid interest or b) into common shares equal to the conversion amount of outstanding principal and any accrued but unpaid interest divided by the conversion price of $11.96; or (iii) upon maturity, settlement in cash at the outstanding accrued interest and principal amount.
Certain conversion and redemption features of the July 2021 Convertible Notes were determined to not be clearly and closely associated with the risk of the debt-type host instrument and were required to be separately accounted for as derivative financial instruments. The Company bifurcated these embedded conversion and redemption (“embedded derivatives”) features and classified these as liabilities measured at fair value. The fair value of the derivative liability of $0.7 million was recorded separate from the July 2021 Convertible Notes with an offsetting amount recorded as a debt discount. The debt discount is amortized over the estimated life of the debt using the straight-line method, as the value attributable to the July 2021 Convertible Notes was zero upon issuance.
As of September 30, 2022 the unamortized amount and net carrying value of the July 2021 Convertible Notes is $1.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The amount by which July 2021 Convertible Notes if-converted value does not exceed its principal is $(0.4) million as of September 30, 2022.

As of December 31, 2021 the unamortized amount and net carrying value of the July 2021 Convertible Notes is $1.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The amount by which July 2021 Convertible Notes if-converted value exceeds its principal is $1.6 million as of December 31, 2021.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
In connection with the July 2021 Convertible Notes, the Company issued warrants to purchase 88,213 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $0.01 per share and a term of one year (Warrant Tranche 1), 44,106 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $11.96 per share and a term of 5 years (Warrant Tranche 2), and 44,106 shares of the Company’s common stock which is exercisable starting twelve months from the issuance date with an exercise price of $11.96 per share and a term of 5 years (Warrant Tranche 3).
The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing method, with the following assumptions:
Warrants
Tranche 1		Warrants
Tranche 2		Warrants
Tranche 3
Fair market value of common stock$15.36 $15.36 $15.36 
Expected dividend yield0 %0 %0 %
Risk-free interest rate0.09 %0.89 %0.89 %
Expected volatility52.00 %47.40 %47.40 %
Expected term (in years)155
The warrants were recorded to additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2021. The relative fair value of the warrants issued in connection with the July 2021 Convertible Notes was $0.8 million and was recorded as a debt discount that is being amortized to interest expense under the straight-line method over the term of respective convertible notes.
As a result of the beneficial conversion feature associated with the July 2021 Convertible Notes, $0.6 million was added to additional paid-in capital during the year ended December 31, 2021. The beneficial conversion feature was recorded as a debt discount and is being amortized to interest expense under the straight-line method over the term of the respective notes.
The Company recognized a total of $0.1 million and $0.3 million in non-cash interest expense related to the July 2021 Convertible Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
The Company has also issued convertible notes, September 2021 Convertible Notes, in connection with an acquisition. Refer to Note 7 “Business Combinations” for further details.
Convertible notes, current and noncurrent consist of the following (in thousands):
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Convertible notes, current:
September 2021 Convertible Notes$3,405 $4,160 
Revesting Notes49 62 
Convertible notes, noncurrent:
July 2021 Convertible Notes529 213 
September 2021 Convertible Notes3,356 7,947 
Revesting Notes24 124 
Total convertible notes$7,363 $12,506 
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
10.    Derivative Liability
The Company’s derivative liability represents embedded share-settled redemption features bifurcated from its July 2021 Convertible Notes and is carried at fair value. The changes in the fair value of the derivative liability are recorded in other income (expense), net of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Estimating fair values of derivative financial instruments requires the development of significant and subjective estimates that may, and are likely to, change over the duration of the instrument with related changes in internal and external market factors. Since derivative financial instruments are initially and subsequently carried at fair value, the Company’s income will reflect the volatility in these estimate and assumption changes.
The features embedded in the July 2021 Convertible Notes are combined into one compound embedded derivative. The fair value of the embedded derivative was estimated based on the present value of the redemption discount applied to the principal amount of the July 2021 Convertible Notes adjusted to reflect the weighted probability of exercise. The discount rate was based on the risk-free interest rate.
Upon the issuance of the convertible notes, the Company recorded a derivative liability of $0.7 million at fair value using inputs classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2022, the fair value of the derivative liability was $0.2 million. Refer to Note 6 “Fair Value Measurements” for further details.
11.    Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Commitments
The Company has certain commitments from outstanding purchase orders primarily related to technology support, facilities, marketing and branding and professional services. These agreements, which total $17.1 million as of September 30, 2022 and $11.0 million as of December 31, 2021, are cancellable at any time with the Company required to pay all costs incurred through the cancellation date.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made, and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. The Company is not subject to any current pending legal matters or claims that would have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Indemnification
The Company enters into standard indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless, and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third party with respect to its technology. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual after the execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future but have not yet been made. The Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual. No amounts associated with such indemnifications have been recorded to date.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Litigation
On March 12, 2019, a former alleged competitor of Tile, Cellwitch, Inc, filed a patent infringement claim against the Company in the US District Court, Northern District of California (“Court”), seeking permanent injunction and damages. On May 2, 2019, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the case. The plaintiff amended its complaint on May 16, 2019, and the Company filed a renewed motion to dismiss the amended complaint on May 30, 2019. On November 21, 2019, the Court issued an order denying Tile’s motion to dismiss the case but finding the underlying patent to be directed to an abstract idea. On December 18, 2019, Tile filed an inter partes review petition with the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) challenging the validity of the patent. On May 13, 2021, the PTAB issued a Final Written Decision on Tile’s inter partes review petition (the “Final Written Decision”), which both parties appealed. The Final Written Decision was affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on May 13, 2022. The case is currently in the Court with discovery stayed while a motion for reconsideration of Tile's original motion to dismiss is pending.
Separately, another alleged former competitor of Tile, Linquet Technologies, sued Tile in the Court for patent infringement on July 27, 2020, seeking permanent injunction and damages. On November 17, 2021, the PTAB granted Tile’s petition for inter partes review as to all claims of the Linquet patent which is currently pending. On July 18, 2022, the Court granted Tile’s motion to dismiss the underlying case in its entirety without leave to amend, after which Linquet filed a notice of appeal, which was subsequently voluntarily dismissed by Linquet.
The Company is unable to predict the outcome of the above matters or estimate the range of possible loss, if any. Although the proceedings are subject to uncertainties inherent in the litigation process and the ultimate disposition of these proceedings is not presently determinable, the Company intends to vigorously defend the matters.
12.    Common Stock
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of par value $0.001 per share common stock.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had 108,592 shares of common stock subject to the Company’s right to repurchase.
The Company has also issued shares of common stock as a result of stock option exercises throughout its existence. Common stockholders are entitled to dividends when and if declared by the Board of Directors subject to the prior rights of the preferred stockholders. The holder of each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. The common stockholders voting as a class are entitled to elect three members to the Company’s Board of Directors. No dividends have been declared in the Company’s existence.
The Company has reserved shares of common stock, on an as if converted basis, for issuance as follows:
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Issuances under stock incentive plan8,249,031 6,972,376 
Issuances upon exercise of common stock warrants137,658 272,001 
Issuances upon vesting of restricted stock units6,422,809 2,523,122 
Issuances of convertible notes516,758 686,926 
Shares reserved for shares available to be granted but not granted yet995,072 4,071,403 
16,321,328 14,525,828 
13.    Warrants
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding warrants to purchase 137,658 and 272,001 shares of Company common stock, respectively with exercise prices ranging from $0.01 to $11.96 and expiry dates ranging from 2022 to 2028. Refer to Note 9 “Convertible Notes” for further details.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
14.    Equity Incentive Plan
2011 Equity Incentive Plan
The Company’s 2011 Stock Plan was originally adopted by our Board of Directors on July 27, 2011 and our stockholders on October 11, 2011, and most recently amended by our Board on September 7, 2018 and our stockholders (as restated, the “Plan”). The Plan allows us to grant restricted stock units, restricted stock and stock options to employees and consultants of the Company and any of the Company’s parent, subsidiaries, or affiliates, and to the members of our Board of Directors. Options granted under the Plan may be either incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options, or ISOs, may be granted only to employees of the Company or any of the Company’s parent or subsidiaries (including officers and directors who are also employees). Nonqualified stock options, or NSOs, may be granted to any person eligible for grants under our Plan.
Under the Plan, the Board of Directors determines the per share exercise price of each stock option, which for ISOs shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the date of grant; provided that the exercise price of an ISO granted to a stockholder who at the time of grant owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock (a “10% stockholder”) shall not be less than 110% of the fair market value of a share on the date of grant.
The Board of Directors determines the period over which options vest and become exercisable. Options granted to new employees generally vest over a 4-year period: 25% of the shares vest on the first anniversary from the vesting commencement date of the option and an additional 1/48th of the shares vest on each monthly anniversary thereafter, subject to the employee’s continuous service through each vesting date. Options granted to continuing employees generally vest monthly over a 4-year period.
The Board of Directors also determines the term of options, provided the maximum term for ISOs granted to a 10% stockholder must be no longer than 5 years from date of grant and the maximum term for all other options must be no longer than 10 years from date of grant. If an option holder’s service terminates, options generally terminate 3 months from the date of termination except under certain circumstances such as death or disability.
The following summary of stock option activity for the periods presented is as follows:
Number of Shares
Underlying
Outstanding Options		Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(in Years)		Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Balance as of December 31, 20216,972,376 $5.61 6.71$108,426 
Options granted 1,908,934 11.93 
Options exercised(393,378)5.00 
Options cancelled/forfeited (238,901)7.26 
Balance as of September 30, 20228,249,031 7.05 5.8429,859 
Exercisable as of September 30, 20225,357,424 $4.81 5.68$26,823 
As of September 30, 2022, the Company had 27,294,447 shares authorized for issuance and 995,072 shares available for issuance under the Plan. Stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 had a weighted average grant date fair value of $8.33 per share.
The intrinsic values of outstanding, vested, and exercisable options were determined by multiplying the number of shares by the difference in exercise price of the options and the fair value of the common stock as of September 30, 2022 of $9.51 per share, respectively. The intrinsic value of the options exercised represents the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value on the date of exercise.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
The following summary of Restricted Stock Units (RSU) activity for the periods presented is as follows:
Number of SharesWeighted
average grant
date fair value
Balance as of December 31, 20212,523,122 $11.53 
RSU granted6,351,009 11.76 
RSU vested and settled(810,008)9.43 
RSU cancelled/forfeited(1,641,314)13.78 
Balance as of September 30, 20226,422,809 $11.40 
The number of RSUs vested and settled includes shares of common stock that the Company withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.
Stock Options Granted to Employees
The fair value of the employee stock options granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, based on the following assumptions:
Nine Months Ended September 30,Year Ended December 31,
20222021
Expected terms (in years)3.874.24
Expected volatility65 %49 %
Risk-free interest rate2.22 %0.68 %
Expected dividend rate0 %0 %
Fair Value of Common Stock: As the Company’s stock is traded on the public market, the fair value on the date of the grant is used.
Expected Term: The expected term for employees is based on the simplified method, as the Company’s stock options have the following characteristics: (i) granted at-the-money; (ii) exercisability is conditional upon service through the vesting date; (iii) termination of service prior to vesting results in forfeiture; (iv) limited exercise period following termination of service; and (v) options are non-transferable and non-hedgeable, or “plain vanilla” options, and the Company has limited history of exercise data. The expected term for non-employees is based on the remaining contractual term.
Expected Volatility: As the Company has limited historical trading data regarding the volatility of its common stock, the expected volatility is based on volatility of a Company of similar entities and the Company’s trading data since IPO. In evaluating similarity, the Company considered factors such as industry, stage of life cycle and size. The Company will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumptions as more historical data for the Company’s common stock becomes available.
Risk-Free Interest Rate: The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury constant maturity rates with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the options.
Expected Dividend Rate: The Company has never paid any dividends and does not plan to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, an expected dividend rate of zero is used in the valuation model.
Forfeitures: The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Equity Awards Issued in Connection with Business Combinations
Jio, Inc.
In connection with the Jiobit transaction in September 2021, the Company issued 91,217 shares of restricted common stock with an aggregate fair value of $1.9 million to be recognized as post combination stock-based compensation ratably with continuous employment of certain employees over a 3 year period.
As of September 30, 2022, there was $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the restricted common stock which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average life of 1.9 years. As of December 31, 2021, there was $1.7 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to this restricted common stock which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average life of 2.7 years.
Additionally, the Company granted 43,083 service-based stock options under the Plan to certain Jiobit employees with an aggregate fair value of $0.5 million which vests ratably over the requisite service period. As of September 30, 2022, there was $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested assumed stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average life of 2.1 years. As of December 31, 2021, there was $0.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested assumed stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average life of 2.0 years.
Tile, Inc.
In connection with the Tile transaction in January 2022, the Company issued 1,499,349 shares of retention restricted stock units with an aggregate fair value of $29.6 million. Of the 1,499,349 shares of retention restricted stock units, 787,446 shares valued at $15.6 million contained performance vesting criteria based on the achievement of certain company milestones during the three months ended March 31, 2022, and vest over a two year period. As of March 31, 2022, the vesting criteria had not been met and all 787,446 restricted stock units were forfeited. The remaining 711,903 retention restricted stock units vest over a two to four year period. As of September 30, 2022, there was $6.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the retention restricted stock units which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average life of 1.7 years.
The Company also issued 38,730 vested common stock options to Tile employees as stock-based compensation on the acquisition date. The aggregate fair value of $0.4 million was recognized as compensation expense on the date of acquisition.
A total of 694,672 shares of common stock with an aggregate fair value of $13.7 million were issued to Tile shareholders as part of purchase consideration. All $13.7 million was expensed on the date of acquisition.
A total of 1,561 shares of common stock with an aggregate fair value of $30.0 thousand were issued to a key employee the vesting of which is subject to continued employment over a 30-month period. As of September 30, 2022, there was $81.1 thousand of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units which is expected to be recognized over the remaining 1.8 years.
A total of 84,360 shares of common stock were issued as part of consideration transferred and were placed in an indemnity escrow fund to be held for fifteen months after the acquisition date for general representations and warranties. The aggregate fair value of $1.7 million was recognized as compensation expense on the date of the acquisition.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Cost of revenue
Subscription costs$117 $97 $553 $301 
Hardware costs127 — 409 — 
Other costs67 16 170 52 
Total cost of revenue$311 $113 $1,132 $353 
Research and development4,222 2,164 13,133 5,448 
Sales and marketing935 174 3,106 464 
General and administrative2,495 809 7,116 2,135 
Total stock-based compensation expense$7,963 $3,260 $24,487 $8,400 
As of September 30, 2022, there was total unrecognized compensation cost for outstanding stock options of $10.9 million to be recognized over a period of approximately 3.0 years. As of December 31, 2021, there was total unrecognized compensation cost for outstanding stock options of $7.0 million to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.6 years.
As of September 30, 2022, there was unrecognized compensation cost for outstanding restricted stock units of $51.9 million to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.7 years. As of December 31, 2021, there was unrecognized compensation cost for outstanding restricted stock units of $26.6 million to be recognized over a period of approximately 3.2 years.
There were no capitalized stock-based compensation costs or recognized stock-based compensation tax benefits during the year ended December 31, 2021 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
15.    Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate in accordance with ASC 740-270, Income Taxes, Interim Reporting. The effective tax rate may be subject to fluctuations during the year as new information is obtained, which may affect the assumptions used to estimate the annual effective tax rate, including factors such as valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, the recognition or de-recognition of tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions, if any, and changes in or the interpretation of tax laws in jurisdictions where the Company conducts business.
The Company recorded a provision (benefit) for incomes taxes of $73.0 thousand and $84.0 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. In accordance with ASC 805, a change in the acquirer’s valuation allowance that stems from a business combination should be recognized as an element of the acquirer’s income tax expense or benefit in the period of acquisition. Accordingly, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a provisional $0 and $96.0 thousand partial release of its valuation allowance and a corresponding income tax benefit stemming from the Tile acquisition, respectively. The benefit was offset by a $180.0 thousand income tax expense for state and foreign income taxes.

The Company recorded a provision (benefit) for incomes taxes of $(144.4) thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. In accordance with ASC 805, a change in the acquirer’s valuation allowance that stems from a business combination should be recognized as an element of the acquirer’s income tax expense or benefit in the period of acquisition. Accordingly, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a provisional $211.2 thousand partial release of its valuation allowance and a corresponding income tax benefit stemming from the Jiobit acquisition, respectively. The benefit was offset by a $66.8 thousand income tax expense for state and foreign income taxes.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) was signed into law and is effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022. The IRA includes multiple incentives to promote clean energy with tax provisions primarily focused on implementing a 15% minimum tax on global adjusted financial statement income and a 1% excise tax on share repurchases. These measures may affect our condensed consolidated financial statements and we will continue to evaluate the applicability and effect of the IRA as more guidance is issued.
16.    Related-Party Transactions
The Company has entered into secondary financing transactions and other transactions with certain executive officers and Board members of the Company. A summary of the transactions is detailed below:
Notes Due From Affiliates (Contra Equity)
In February 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of $0.6 million in secured partial recourse promissory notes (“partially secured loan”) to the Chief Executive Officer, Non-Executive Director (Previously President), Chief Operating Officer and another executive of the Company.
The Company accounted for the 2016 partially secured loan as consideration received for the exercise of the related equity award, because even after the original options are exercised or the shares are purchased, an employee could decide not to repay the loan if the value of the shares declines below the outstanding loan amount and could instead choose to return the shares in satisfaction of the loan. The result would be similar to an employee electing not to exercise an option whose exercise price exceeds the current share price. When shares are exchanged for a partially secured loan, the principal and interest are viewed as part of the exercise price of the “option” and no interest income is recognized. Additionally, compensation cost is recognized over any requisite service period, with an offsetting credit to additional paid-in capital. Periodic principal and interest payments, if any, are treated as deposit liabilities until the note is paid off, at which time, the note balance is settled and the deposit liability balance is transferred to additional paid-in capital. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company received proceeds from the repayment of the partially secured loans of $0.6 million. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had deposit liability balances of $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in connection with the 2016 partially secured loan and other early exercises of equity awards. Principal amounts due under the 2016 partially secured loan are included in Notes Due From Affiliates as a reduction in stockholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Other Related Party Transactions

Non-executive director, James Synge, is a Principal and Partner of Carthona Capital. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a consultancy agreement with Carthona Capital. Under this agreement, Carthona Capital agreed to provide consultancy services to the Company in relation to capital raising matters. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, Mr. Synge received consideration of $0.1 million.

Annika Hulls is the spouse of the CEO and Executive Director, Chris Hulls. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, a cash payment of $6.5 thousand was paid to Annika Hulls for services relating to a marketing campaign.
17.    Defined Contribution Plan
The Company sponsors a defined contribution plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code covering substantially all employees over the age of 21 years. Contributions made by the Company are voluntary and are determined annually by the Board of Directors on an individual basis subject to the maximum allowable amount under federal tax regulations. The Company has made no contributions to the plan since its inception.
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Life360, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Information as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is unaudited)
18.    Net Loss Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Net loss$(21,119)$(8,014)$(79,326)$(18,670)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted62,174 51,217 61,754 50,608 
Net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.34)$(0.16)$(1.28)$(0.37)
The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows:
As of September 30,As of December 31,
20222021
Issuances under stock incentive plan8,249,031 6,972,376 
Issuances upon exercise of common stock warrants137,658 272,001 
Issuances upon vesting of restricted stock units6,422,809 2,523,122 
Issuances of convertible notes516,758 686,926 
Shares reserved for shares available to be granted but not granted yet995,072 4,071,403 
16,321,328 14,525,828 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) is provided in addition to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to assist readers in understanding our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Overview
Life360 is a leading technology platform, according to market share of the family safety and location sharing app market based on revenue, to locate the people, pets and things that matter most to families. Life360 is creating a new category at the intersection of family, technology, and safety to help keep families connected and safe. We provide safety services delivered through a mobile-native, subscription-based offering built around location-sharing, mobility, driving, and coordination. In 2021, we estimated 1 in 10 families in the United States used the Life360 Platform and, on average, our U.S. active users and members who have enabled push notifications used the service over 15 times a day to coordinate and communicate. We also provide coverage for the “what ifs” that families worry about most, ranging from driving safety, personal SOS, identity theft protection and more. Nothing is more important than family, and we help provide peace of mind in life’s unpredictable moments for families around the world.
Our platform recently entered a new era of location tracking services with the successful acquisitions of Jiobit and Tile. By offering devices and integrated software to members, we have expanded our addressable market to provide members of all ages with a vertically integrated, cross-platform solution of scale. Our core competencies in engineering, data analytics, product design, personalization and assessment are applicable not only to location sharing but also other adjacent verticals and use cases. Life360 has a unique opportunity to further entrench its service by expanding offerings across our core and complementary verticals, such as location sharing, item tracking, crash and roadside assistance, identity theft protection, pet and children location sharing devices, and many more.
For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, Life360 generated:
•Total revenues of $57.2 million and $29.7 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 92%;
•Subscription revenues of $39.0 million and $23.1 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 69%;
•Hardware revenues of $11.7 million and $0 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 100%;
•Other revenues of $6.5 million and $6.5 million, respectively, representing consistent revenues year-over-year;
•Gross profit of $39.2 million and $24.3 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 61%;
•Net loss of $21.1 million and $8.0 million, respectively; and
•Adjusted EBITDA loss of $9.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, Life360 generated:
•Total revenues of $157.0 million and $77.7 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 102%;
•Subscription revenues of $107.9 million and $59.5 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 81%;
•Hardware revenues of $28.3 million and $0 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 100%;
•Other revenues of $20.8 million and $18.2 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 14%;
•Gross profit of $103.6 million and $63.1 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 64%;
•Net loss of $79.3 million and $18.7 million, respectively; and
•Adjusted EBITDA loss of $41.7 million and $8.5 million, respectively. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
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Impact of COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic had an initial impact on our operations and financial performance, as we saw decreased engagement and member growth in the early phase of the pandemic. To adapt to the COVID-19 impact, the Company paused the majority of paid user acquisition spend and implemented other expense management initiatives. Once past the immediate early phase of COVID-19, we saw a resumption of rapid growth and we experienced two successive quarters of record Paying Circle additions in the second half of 2021. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance going forward will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, new information about additional variants, the availability and efficacy of vaccine distributions, additional or renewed actions by government authorities and private businesses to contain the pandemic or respond to its impact and altered consumer behavior, the pace of reopening, impact on our customers and our sales cycles, impact on our business operations, impact on our customer, employee or industry events, and effect on our vendors and other business partners, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Any such developments may have adverse impacts on global economic conditions, including disruptions of the supply chain globally, labor shortages and consumer confidence and spending, and could materially adversely affect demand, or subscribers’ ability to pay, for our products and services. We considered the impact of COVID-19 on the assumptions and estimates used and determined there were no material adverse impacts on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As events related to COVID-19 continue to evolve, our assumptions and estimates may change materially in future periods.

Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
The credit and financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruptions due to the current conflict between Ukraine and Russia. The conflict is expected to have further global economic consequences, including but not limited to the possibility of severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in inflation rates and uncertainty about economic and political stability. In addition, the United States and other countries have imposed sanctions on Russia which increases the risk that Russia, as a retaliatory action, may launch cyberattacks against the United States, its government, infrastructure and businesses. Consequences of the conflict, including the aforementioned and those we cannot yet predict, may cause our business, financial condition, results of operations and the price of our shares of common stock to be adversely affected. We considered the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the assumptions and estimates used and determined there were no material adverse impacts on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As events related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine continue to evolve, our assumptions and estimates may change materially in future periods.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
As we focus on growing our customers and revenue, and achieving profitability while investing for the future and managing risk, expenses and capital, the following factors and others identified in the section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q titled “Risk Factors” have been important to our business and we expect them to impact our operations in future periods:
Ability to Retain Trusted Brand. We strongly believe in our vision to become the indispensable safety membership for families, with a suite of safety services that span every life stage of the family. Our business model and future success are dependent on the value and reputation of the Life360, Jiobit and Tile brands. Our brand is trusted by approximately 47 million members as of September 30, 2022, and because we know the value of trust is immeasurable, we will continue to work tirelessly to ensure that we provide useful, reliable, trustworthy and innovative products and services.
Attract, Retain and Convert Members. Our business model is based on attracting new members to our platform, converting free members to subscribers, and retaining and expanding subscriptions over time. Our continued success depends in part on our ability to offer compelling new products and features to our members, and to continue providing a quality user experience to retain paying subscribers. We will also seek to increase brand awareness and customer adoption of our platform through various programs and digital and broad-scale advertising.
Maintaining Efficient Member Acquisition. Our investment in developing effective services and devices creates an efficient member acquisition model which drives strong unit economics. The organic member acquisition is complemented with our word-of-mouth and freemium model. We accelerate our organic member acquisition with strategic and targeted paid marketing spend. We expect to continue to invest in product and marketing, while balancing growth with strong unit economics. As we continue to expand internationally, we may increase our targeted marketing investments.
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Growth in Average Revenue Per Paying Circle (“ARPPC”). Our business model is dependent upon our ability to grow and maintain a large member base, including growing the number of Paying Circles. We have a sophisticated understanding of our members, and as a result, the services we provide are core to families and hard to switch out of. We continue to develop new monetization features leveraging our core technologies to offer additional services, expand into more stages of families and enter new verticals to increase adoption. Many factors will affect the ARPPC including the number of Paying Circles, mix of monetization offerings on our platform, as well as demographic shifts and geographic differences across these variables.
Expanding the Offerings on Our Platform. We are continually evaluating new product offerings that are aligned with our core competencies and the needs of families across the life stage continuum. For example, our acquisition of Tile gives our members the ability to seamlessly leverage Bluetooth-enabled smart trackers, which can equip nearly any item—such as wallets, keys or remotes—with location-based finding technology. Likewise, our acquisition of Jiobit will allow our subscribers to track family members and pets wearing Jiobit devices via a single unified family map. We will continue to invest in and launch products where we see opportunities to grow our platform.
Attracting and Retaining Talent. We compete for talent in the technology industry. Our business relies on the ability to attract and retain talent, including engineers, data scientists, designers and software developers. As of September 30, 2022, we had approximately 600 employees and contractors. Our core values are aimed at simplifying safety for families and we believe there are people who want to work at a values-driven company like Life360. We believe that our ability to recruit talent is aided by our reputation.
Seasonality. We experience seasonality in our user growth, engagement, Paying Circles growth and monetization on our platform. Life360 has historically experienced member and subscription growth seasonality in the third quarter of each calendar year, which includes the return to school for many of our members. Hardware sales have historically experienced revenue seasonality in the fourth quarter of each calendar year, which includes the important selling periods in November (Black Friday and Cyber Monday) and December (Christmas and Hanukkah) in large part due to seasonal holiday demand. As the majority of revenue is generated within the United States, our seasonality primarily relates to U.S. events. Accordingly, an unexpected decrease in sales over those traditionally high-volume selling periods may impact our revenue, result in surplus inventory and could have a disproportionate effect on our operating results for the entire fiscal year. Seasonality in our business can also be affected by introductions of new or enhanced products and services, including the costs associated with such introductions.
Continued Investment in Growth. We expect expenses to increase as we intend to continue to make focused investments to increase revenue and scale operations to support the growth of our business. We plan to further invest in research and development as we hire employees in engineering, product, and design to enhance our platform and support the needs of our growing member base. We also plan to invest in sales and marketing activities to drive our subscriptions and increase our brand awareness. We expect to incur additional general and administrative expenses to support our growth and our transition to being a U.S. reporting company. Further, we continue to make investments in our technical infrastructure to support user and employee growth which will increase expenses and capital expenditures. As cost of revenue, operating expenses, and capital expenditures fluctuate over time, we may experience short-term, negative impacts to our results of operations and cash flows, but we are undertaking such investments in the belief that they will contribute to long-term growth.
International Expansion. Our international active member base of 17.7 million increased 52% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We believe our global opportunity is significant, and to address this opportunity, we intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing efforts and infrastructure and personnel to support our international expansion, including undertaking initiatives such as the first international launch of our subscription offering in Canada during the three months ended December 31, 2021. Our growth will depend in part on the adoption and sales of our products and services in international markets.
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Key Performance Indicators
We review several operating metrics, including the following key performance indicators, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions. We believe these key performance indicators are useful to investors because they allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision-making, and they may be used by investors to help analyze the health of our business. Key operating metrics are presented in millions, except ARPPC, Average Revenue per Paying Subscription (“ARPPS”) and Average Selling Price (“ASP”), however percentage changes are calculated based on actual results. As a result, percentage changes may not recalculate based on figures presented due to rounding.
Key Operating Metrics
As of September 30,
20222021% Change
(in millions, except ARPPC, ARPPS and ASP)
AMR*$184.0 $120.6 53 %
Members47.033.839 %
Paying Circles1.51.136 %
ARPPC$91.84 $85.78 7 %
Subscriptions*2.1 1.6 30 %
ARPPS*$77.00 $71.65 7 %
Net hardware units shipped*0.7 1.0 (27)%
ASP*$15.63 $13.58 15 %
*Metrics presented for the period ended September 30, 2021 are pro forma and include pre-acquisition data related to periods before the acquisitions of Jiobit, Inc. on September 1, 2021 and Tile, Inc. on January 5, 2022.
Annualized Monthly Revenue
We use Annualized Monthly Revenue (“AMR”) to identify the annualized monthly value of active customer agreements at the end of a reporting period. AMR includes the annualized monthly value of subscription, data and partnership agreements. All components of these agreements that are not expected to recur are excluded. AMR as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $184.0 million and $120.6 million, respectively.

Members
We have a large and growing member base located in over 150 countries as of September 30, 2022, comprised primarily of safety-conscious families who have a high propensity to pay for premium offerings. A Life360 monthly active user (“MAU”) is defined as a unique user who engages with our Life360 branded services each month, which includes both paying and non-paying members. As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, we had approximately 47 million and approximately 34 million MAUs on the Life360 Platform, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of 39% and a compounded annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 21% from September 2019 to September 2022. This has been driven by continued strong organic member growth and the introduction of paid member acquisition.
Paying Circles
Each subscription covers all members in the payor’s Circle so that everyone in the Circle can utilize the benefits of a Life360 Premium Membership, including access to premium location, driving, digital and emergency safety insights and services.
As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, we had approximately 1.52 million and 1.12 million paid subscribers to services under our Life360 brand, respectively, representing an increase of 36% year-over-year and a CAGR of 25% from September 2019 to September 2022.
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We grow the number of Paying Circles by growing our free member base, converting a greater number of members to subscribers, and retaining them over time with the provision of high-quality family and safety services. We have experienced strong recent growth in the number of paying subscribers, benefiting from a full year of the new family membership offering which was launched during the third quarter of the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Retention by Member Cohorts
Due to the essential service provided by the Life360 Platform, we retain over 50% of U.S. organic members after three months, on average.
Following an expected initial churn of members post-download, the remaining member cohorts illustrate high retention with the churn rate significantly decreasing and largely stabilizing after six months. Ultimately, the strong retention of our member cohorts presents a constant opportunity to monetize and generate revenue growth from existing and new members, with approximately 30% of U.S. organic members remaining on the platform after three years.

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Conversion
New Paying Circles are primarily sourced from the conversion of existing free members, which typically occurs when they are seeking greater utility or features from the Life360 Platform, beyond our free offering. This characteristic of Life360 member behavior highlights how members are “pulled” rather than “pushed” towards the Life360 Paying Circle. Net growth in Paying Circles is also affected by our ability to retain existing Paying Circles. We have maintained high retention over time while also increasing our conversion rates as a result of new features and functionality, a theme we believe will only strengthen over time as the Life360 Service expands its product suite for Paying Circles. Our paid conversion reflects subscribers converting to paid subscriptions within the first month following their initial registration with the Life360 Platform. The decline in conversion to 1.9% during the three months ended September 30, 2022 is largely driven by the increase in subscription prices for new subscribers.
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Average Revenue per Paying Circle
We define ARPPC as Life360 subscription revenue for the period presented divided by the Average Paying Circles during the same period. Average Paying Circles are calculated based on adding the number of Paying Circles as of the beginning of the period to the number of Paying Circles as of the end of the period, and then dividing by two.
As a result of an increase in Paying Circles combined with an increased mix of sales towards higher-priced subscription plans, we experienced a 7% increase in our ARPPC for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.
ARPPC is a key indicator utilized by Life360 to determine the effective penetration of our tiered product offering for Paying Circles. The implementation of various tiers of paying account offerings (i.e., Silver, Gold and Platinum in 2020) and the increase in pricing for new Paying Circles in August 2022 has led to subscribers signing up for higher price products over time, increasing ARPPC. We believe these dynamics illustrate the potential upside in our key strategic focus of expanding the offering to international Paying Circles.

lifx-20220930_g4.jpg Subscriptions
We define Subscriptions as the number of paying subscribers as of the end of the period.



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Average Revenue per Paying Subscription
We define ARPPS as total subscription revenue for the period presented divided by the average number of paying subscribers during the same period. The average number of paying subscribers is calculated by adding the number of paying subscribers as of the beginning of the period to the number of paying subscribers as of the end of the period, and then dividing by two. ARPPS for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $77.00 and $71.65, respectively, representing an increase of $5.35, or 7%.

ARPPS has increased year over year as a result of the percentage of subscribers who select higher priced subscriptions, including Life360 membership tiers, has increased over time.
Net Hardware Units Shipped
Net hardware units shipped represents the number of tracking devices sold during a period, net of returns by our retail partners and directly to consumers. Selling units contributes to hardware revenue and ultimately increases the number of users eligible for a Tile or Jiobit subscription. We can increase the number of units sold through marketing and promotional activities. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, Life360 sold approximately 0.7 million units, down approximately 27% as compared to the 1.0 million units sold during the three months ended September 30, 2021, reflecting the backdrop of weaker consumer electronics category demand.
Net Average Sales Price
To determine the net ASP of a unit, we divide hardware revenue by the number of net hardware units shipped (“ASP”). ASP is largely driven by the price we charge customers, including the price we charge our retail partners and directly to consumers. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the net ASP of a unit was $15.63, an increase of 15% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 reflecting an improved product mix.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We collect and analyze operating and financial data to evaluate the health of our business, allocate our resources and assess our performance.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
In addition to total revenue, Net Loss and other results under GAAP, we utilize non-GAAP calculations of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”). EBITDA is defined as Net Loss, excluding (i) convertible notes and derivative liability fair value adjustments, (ii) provision (benefit) for income taxes, (iii) depreciation and amortization and (iv) other income (expense). Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Net Loss, excluding (i) convertible notes and derivative liability fair value adjustments, (ii) provision (benefit) for income taxes, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) other income (expense), (v) stock-based compensation, (vi) costs related to filing our Registration Statement on Form 10 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2022, as amended by Amendment No. 1 filed on June 13, 2022 and Amendment No. 2 filed on July 5, 2022, and effective as of June 27, 2022 (“Form 10”), (vii) acquisition and integration costs, and (viii) gain on revaluation of contingent consideration.
The above items are excluded from EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because these items are non-cash in nature, or because the amount and timing of these items are unpredictable, are not driven by core results of operations and render comparisons with prior periods and competitors less meaningful. We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as providing useful measures for period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. Moreover, we have included EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q because they are key measurements used by our management team internally to make operating decisions, including those related to operating expenses, evaluate performance, and perform strategic planning and annual budgeting. However, these non-GAAP financial measures are presented for supplemental informational purposes only, should not be considered a substitute for or superior to financial information presented in accordance with GAAP, and may be different from similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. As such, you should consider these non-GAAP financial measures in addition to other financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP, including various cash flow metrics, Net Loss and our other GAAP results.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of Net Loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
(in thousands)(in thousands)
EBITDA
Net Loss$(21,119)$(8,014)$(79,326)$(18,670)
Add (deduct):
Convertible notes fair value adjustment232 — (1,875)— 
Derivative liability fair value adjustment (1)
145 412 (1,183)412 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes73 (144)84 (144)
Depreciation and amortization (2)
2,329 235 6,831 459 
Other (income) expense, net(455)(2)601 (5)
EBITDA$(18,795)$(7,513)$(74,868)$(17,948)
Stock-based compensation7,963 3,260 24,487 8,400 
Form 10 related costs705 — 2,843 — 
Acquisition and integration costs703 562 11,097 1,061 
Gain on revaluation of contingent consideration— — (5,279)— 
Adjusted EBITDA$(9,424)$(3,691)$(41,720)$(8,487)
__________________
(1)To reflect the change in value of the derivative liability associated with the July 2021 Convertible Notes (defined below).
(2)Includes depreciation on fixed assets and amortization of acquired intangible assets.

Key Components of Our Results of Operations
The following discussion describes certain line items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited).
The Company currently operates as one reportable and operating segment because its chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is its Chief Executive Officer, reviews its financial information on a consolidated basis for purposes of making decisions regarding allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company has no segment managers who are held accountable by the CODM for operations, operating results, and planning for levels of components below the consolidated unit level. In the future, the Company plans to integrate Life360, Tile and Jiobit into one platform.
Revenue
Subscription Revenue
We generate revenue from sales of subscriptions on our platforms. Revenue is recognized ratably over the related contractual term generally beginning on the date that our platform is made available to a customer. Our subscription agreements typically have monthly or annual contractual terms. Our agreements are generally non-cancellable during the contract term. We typically bill in advance for monthly and annual contracts. Amounts that have been billed are initially recorded as deferred revenue until the revenue is recognized.
Hardware Revenue
We generate a majority of our hardware revenue from the sale of the Tile and Jiobit hardware tracking devices and related accessories. For hardware and accessories, revenue is recognized at the time products are delivered. We sell hardware tracking devices and accessories through a number of channels including our website, brick and mortar retail and online retail.
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Other Revenue
We also generate revenue through data monetization arrangements with certain third parties through data acquisition and license agreements for data collected from our member base for purposes of targeted advertising, research, analytics, attribution, and other commercial purposes. In January 2022, Life360 began to exit the traditional data sales business and transition to solely sales of aggregated data insights. In order to accomplish this, we executed a new partnership agreement with Placer, a prominent provider of aggregated analytics for the retail ecosystem. As part of this partnership, Placer will provide valuable data processing and analytics data to Life360 and will have the right to commercialize aggregated data related to place visits during the term of the agreement, while still providing members the option to opt out of even aggregated data sales. In keeping with our vision and consistent with that aggregated data sales model, we are exploring ways, in the future, to enable members to avail themselves of compelling offers and opportunities by enabling our partners to use their data with members’ explicit, affirmative opt-in consent. The Placer agreement includes fixed monthly revenue amounts for access to aggregated data for the duration of the three-year agreement. Other revenue also includes partnership revenue.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin
Cost of Subscription
Cost of subscription primarily consists of expenses related to hosting our services and providing support. These expenses include employee-related costs associated with our cloud-based infrastructure and our customer support organization, third-party hosting fees, software, and maintenance costs, outside services associated with the delivery of our subscription services, personnel-related expenses, travel-related costs, amortization of acquired intangibles and allocated overhead, such as facilities, including rent, utilities, depreciation on equipment shared by all departments, credit card and transaction processing fees, and shared information technology costs. Personnel-related expenses include salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for operations personnel.
We plan to continue increasing the capacity and enhancing the capability and reliability of our infrastructure to support user growth and increased use of our platform. We expect that cost of revenue will increase in absolute dollars in future periods.
Cost of Hardware Revenue
Cost of hardware revenue consists of product costs, including hardware production, contract manufacturers for production, shipping and handling, packaging, fulfillment, personnel-related expenses, manufacturing and equipment depreciation, warehousing, tariff costs, hosting, app fees, customer support costs, warranty replacement, and write-downs of excess and obsolete inventory. Personnel-related expenses include salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for operations personnel.
Cost of Other Revenue
Cost of other revenue includes cloud-based hosting costs, as well as costs of product operations functions and employee-related costs associated with our data platform. Personnel-related expenses include salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for operations personnel.
Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin
Our gross profit has been, and may in the future be, influenced by several factors, including geographical revenue mix, timing of capital expenditures and related depreciation expense, increases in infrastructure costs, component costs, contract manufacturing and supplier pricing, and foreign currency exchange rates. Gross profit and gross profit margin may fluctuate over time based on the factors described above.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of research and development, selling and marketing, and general and administrative expenses.
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Research and Development
Our research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs for our engineering, product, and design teams, material costs of building and developing prototypes for new products, mobile app development and allocated overhead. We believe that continued investment in our platform is important for our growth. We expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows.
Sales and Marketing
Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, brand marketing costs, lead generation costs, sales incentives, trade shows and events, sponsorships and amortization of acquired intangibles. Revenue-share payments to third parties in connection with annual subscription sales of the Company’s mobile application on third-party store platforms are considered to be incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and are deferred and typically amortized over an estimated period of benefit of two to three years depending on the subscription type.
We plan to continue to invest in sales and marketing to grow our member base and increase our brand awareness, including marketing efforts to continue to drive our business model. We expect that sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars in future periods and will fluctuate as a percentage of revenue. The trend and timing of sales and marketing expenses will depend in part on the timing of marketing campaigns.
General and Administrative
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs for our legal, finance, human resources, and other administrative teams, as well as certain executives. In addition, general and administrative expenses include allocated overhead, outside legal, accounting and other professional fees, change in fair value of contingent consideration for business combinations, and non-income-based taxes. We expect our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as our business grows.
Convertible Notes Fair Value Adjustment
The Company issued convertible notes to investors in July 2021, and as part of the purchase consideration related to the Jiobit Acquisition in September 2021 (the “September 2021 Convertible Notes” and together with the July 2021 Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). The September 2021 Convertible Notes are recorded at fair value and are revalued at each reporting period.
Derivative Liability Fair Value Adjustment
Derivative liability fair value adjustment relates to the change in the fair value of the embedded conversion and redemption features associated with the July 2021 Convertible Notes.
Other Income (Expense), net
Other income (expense), net consists of interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents balances, foreign currency exchange (losses)/gains related to the remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the subsidiary and foreign exchange transactions gains/(losses) and interest expense primarily related to the Convertible Notes.

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
Provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of U.S. federal and state income taxes in jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our federal and state deferred tax assets as we have concluded that it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. We have derived this data from our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This information should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period.

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021% Change20222021% Change
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Subscription revenue$38,991 $23,110 69 %$107,884 $59,479 81 %
Hardware revenue11,676 38 30,626 %28,314 38 74,411 %
Other revenue6,486 6,549 (1)%20,769 18,181 14 %
Total revenue57,153 29,697 92 %156,967 77,698 102 %
Cost of subscription revenue7,768 4,374 78 %22,742 11,894 91 %
Cost of hardware revenue9,327 82 11,274 %27,906 82 33,932 %
Cost of other revenue818 932 (12)%2,673 2,661 — %
Total cost of revenue17,913 5,388 232 %53,321 14,637 264 %
Gross Profit39,240 24,309 61 %103,646 63,061 64 %
Operating expenses(1):
Research and development24,569 13,113 87 %77,337 35,821 116 %
Sales and marketing24,228 13,360 81 %70,365 32,156 119 %
General and administrative11,567 5,584 107 %37,643 13,491 179 %
Total operating expenses60,364 32,057 88 %185,345 81,468 128 %
Loss from operations(21,124)(7,748)173 %(81,699)(18,407)344 %
Other income (expense):
Convertible notes fair value adjustment(232)— 100 %1,875 — 100 %
Derivative liability fair value adjustment(145)(412)(65)%1,183 (412)(387)%
Other income (expense), net455 2 22,650 %(601)5 (12,120)%
Total other income (expense), net78 (410)(119)%2,457 (407)(704)%
Loss before income taxes(21,046)(8,158)158 %(79,242)(18,814)321 %
Provision (benefit) for income taxes73 (144)(151)%84 (144)(158)%
Net Loss$(21,119)$(8,014)164 %$(79,326)$(18,670)325 %
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment(29)— 100 %(14)— 100 %
Total comprehensive loss$(21,148)$(8,014)164 %$(79,340)$(18,670)325 %
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(1)Includes stock-based compensation as follows:
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Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021% Change20222021% Change
(in thousands)(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Subscription costs$117 $97 21 %$553 $301 84 %
Hardware costs127 — 100 %409 — 100 %
Other costs67 16 319 %170 52 227 %
Total cost of revenue$311 $113 175 %$1,132 $353 221 %
Research and development4,222 2,164 95 %13,133 5,448 141 %
Sales and marketing935 174 437 %3,106 464 569 %
General and administrative2,495 809 208 %7,116 2,135 233 %
Total stock-based compensation expense$7,963 $3,260 144 %$24,487 $8,400 192 %
The following table sets forth our results of operations for each of the periods presented as a percentage of revenue:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Subscription revenue68 %78 %69 %77 %
Hardware revenue20 %— %18 %— %
Other revenue11 %22 %13 %23 %
Total revenue100 %100 %100 %100 %
Cost of subscription revenue14 %15 %14 %15 %
Cost of hardware revenue16 %— %18 %— %
Cost of other revenue1 %3 %2 %3 %
Total cost of revenue31 %18 %34 %19 %
Gross Profit69 %82 %66 %81 %
Operating expenses:
Research and development43 %44 %49 %46 %
Sales and marketing42 %45 %45 %41 %
General and administrative20 %19 %24 %17 %
Total operating expenses106 %108 %118 %105 %
Loss from operations(37)%(26)%(52)%(24)%
Other income (expense):
Convertible notes fair value adjustment— %— %1 %— %
Derivative liability fair value adjustment— %(1)%1 %(1)%
Other income (expense), net1 %— %— %— %
Total other income (expense), net1 %(1)%2 %(1)%
Loss before income taxes(37)%(27)%(50)%(24)%
Provision (benefit) for income taxes— %— %— %— %
Net Loss(37)%(27)%(51)%(24)%
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment— %— %— %— %
Total comprehensive loss(37)%(27)%(51)%(24)%
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Comparison of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
Revenue
Three Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
Subscription revenue$38,991 $23,110 $15,881 69 %
Hardware revenue11,676 38 11,638 30,626 %
Other revenue6,486 6,549 (63)(1)%
Total revenue$57,153 $29,697 $27,456 92 %

Total revenue increased $27.5 million, or 92%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.
Subscription revenue increased $15.9 million, or 69%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to growth in Paying Circles and ARPPC as we continue to invest in a variety of customer programs and initiatives, which, along with expanded customer use cases, have helped increase our subscription revenue over time. In addition, the increase was also attributable to the inclusion of Tile and Jiobit subscription services of $5.3 million.

Hardware revenue increased $11.6 million, or 30,626%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 due to the inclusion of hardware sales related to Tile and Jiobit hardware devices.
Other revenue decreased $0.1 million, or 1%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, due to the Company’s move to a single data arrangement.

Nine Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
Subscription revenue$107,884 $59,479 $48,405 81 %
Hardware revenue28,314 38 28,276 74,411 %
Other revenue20,769 18,181 2,588 14 %
Total revenue$156,967 $77,698 $79,269 102 %

Total revenue increased $79.3 million, or 102%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Subscription revenue increased $48.4 million, or 81%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to growth in Paying Circles and ARPPC as we continue to invest in a variety of customer programs and initiatives, which, along with expanded customer use cases, have helped increase our subscription revenue over time. In addition, the increase was also attributable to the inclusion of Tile and Jiobit subscription services of $15.9 million.

Hardware revenue increased $28.3 million, or 74,411%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to the inclusion of hardware sales related to Tile and Jiobit hardware devices.
Other revenue increased $2.6 million, or 14%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the Company’s move to a single data arrangement and transition period term overlap with legacy agreements.

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Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin
Three Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
Subscription costs$7,768 $4,374 $3,394 78 %
Hardware costs9,327 82 9,245 11,274 %
Other costs818 932 (114)(12)%
Total cost of revenue17,913 5,388 12,525 
Gross profit$39,240 $24,309 $14,931 
Gross margin:
Subscription80 %81 %
Hardware20 %(116)%
Other87 %86 %
Cost of subscription revenue increased by $3.4 million, or 78%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to $1.2 million in technology expenses due to the inclusion of costs related to cloud infrastructure associated with the Tile and Jiobit subscription offerings, an increase of $1.3 million in membership offerings due to an increase in direct costs related to product offerings, an increase of $0.2 million due to an increase in professional and consulting fees, and an increase of $0.2 million related to depreciation and amortization associated with the Tile and Jiobit acquisitions. The remaining increase of $0.5 million is attributable to other technology related expenses associated with Company growth.
Subscription margin decreased slightly to 80% during the three months ended September 30, 2022 from 81% during the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to increased technology amortization costs related to the Tile and Jiobit acquisitions.
Cost of hardware revenue increased by $9.2 million, or 11,274%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the inclusion of hardware costs of approximately $6.5 million related to Tile and Jiobit hardware costs, an additional $0.4 million in technology expenses, an additional $0.9 million related to depreciation and amortization associated with the Tile and Jiobit acquisitions, and $1.1 million in additional personnel-related costs and stock-based compensation due to increased headcount. The remaining increase of $0.3 million is attributable to other expenses associated with Company growth.
Hardware margin increased to 20% during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 and was negatively impacted by the inclusion of the amortization expense recognized on acquired technology related to intangible assets as well as the inclusion of additional personnel-related costs and stock-based compensation due to increased headcount.
Other cost of revenue decreased by $0.1 million, or 12%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, due to a decrease of $0.1 million in technology expenses related to cloud infrastructure optimization.
Other margin increased to 87% during the three months ended September 30, 2022 from 86% during the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to cloud infrastructure optimization.
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Nine Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
Subscription costs$22,742 $11,894 $10,848 91 %
Hardware costs27,906 82 27,824 33,932 %
Other costs2,673 2,661 12 — %
Total cost of revenue53,321 14,637 38,684 
Gross profit$103,646 $63,061 $40,585 
Gross margin:
Subscription79 %80 %
Hardware1 %(116)%
Other87 %85 %
Cost of subscription revenue increased by $10.8 million, or 91%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to $5.3 million in technology expenses due to the inclusion of costs related to cloud infrastructure associated with the Tile and Jiobit subscription offerings, an increase of $2.7 million in membership offerings due to an increase in direct costs related to product offerings, an increase of $0.7 million related to depreciation and amortization expense associated with the acquisition of Tile and Jiobit, an increase of $0.8 million in personnel and related costs and stock-based compensation due to increased headcount, and an increase of $0.3 million related to an increase in professional and consulting fees. The remaining increase of $1.0 million is attributable to other technology related expenses associated with Company growth.
Subscription margin decreased slightly to 79% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to 80% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to increased technology amortization costs related to the Tile and Jiobit acquisitions.
Cost of hardware revenue increased by $27.8 million, or 33,932%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the inclusion of hardware costs of approximately $19.2 million related to Tile and Jiobit hardware costs, an additional $2.0 million in technology expenses, an additional $1.7 million related to depreciation and amortization, an additional $0.5 million in professional and other expenses, and an additional $3.4 million in personnel-related costs and stock-based compensation due to increased headcount. The remaining increase of $1.0 million is attributable to other cost of hardware revenue related expenses.
Hardware margin increased to 1% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and was negatively impacted by the inclusion of the amortization expense recognized on acquired technology related to intangible assets as well as the inclusion of additional personnel-related costs and stock-based compensation due to increased headcount.
Other cost of revenue increased by $12.0 thousand, or 0%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to increased stock-based compensation costs.
Other margin increased to 87% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from 85% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to increased volume of activity and cloud infrastructure optimization.

Research and Development
Three Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
Research and development$24,569 $13,113 $11,456 87 %
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Research and development expenses increased $11.5 million, or 87%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $8.5 million in personnel-related costs and stock based compensation due to headcount growth attributable to the Tile and Jiobit acquisitions, an increase of $0.8 million in professional and outside services due to higher contractor spend as a result of increased scaling of the combined business, an increase of $0.7 million in technology expenses due to higher costs primarily related to cloud and data server infrastructure, an increase of $0.6 million in costs associated with travel and entertainment in connection with team meetings, and a $0.9 million increase in facilities and other expenses to support headcount growth.
Nine Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
Research and development$77,337 $35,821 $41,516 116 %
Research and development expenses increased $41.5 million, or 116%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $29.8 million in personnel-related costs and stock based compensation due to headcount growth attributable to the Tile and Jiobit acquisitions, an increase of $5.0 million in professional and outside services due to higher contractor spend as a result of increased scaling of the combined business, an increase of $3.4 million in technology expenses due to higher costs primarily related to cloud and data server infrastructure, an increase of $1.3 million in costs associated with travel and entertainment in connection with team meetings, and a $2.0 million increase in facilities and other expenses to support headcount growth.
Sales and Marketing
Three Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
Sales and marketing$24,228 $13,360 $10,868 81 %
Sales and marketing expenses increased $10.9 million, or 81%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to a $6.0 million increase in marketing expenses consisting of $2.0 million in paid user acquisition spend, $1.8 million in television advertising spend, $1.7 million in commission spend, and $0.5 million in other marketing spend. The increase was also related to an additional $2.8 million in personnel and related costs and stock-based compensation due to increased headcount, an increase of $1.0 million in depreciation and amortization related to the amortization of intangible assets acquired from the Tile and Jiobit acquisitions, an increase of $0.8 million due to higher contractor spend as a result of increased scaling of the combined business, and a $0.3 million increase in technology expenses due to higher costs to support headcount growth.
Nine Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
Sales and marketing$70,365 $32,156 $38,209 119 %
Sales and marketing expenses increased $38.2 million, or 119%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to a $22.8 million increase in marketing expenses consisting of $6.0 million in paid user acquisition spend, $0.8 million related to brand spend, $4.4 million related to television advertising spend, $7.0 million in commission spend, and $4.6 million of other marketing spend. The increase was also related to an additional $9.5 million in personnel and related costs and stock-based compensation due to increased headcount, an increase of $3.1 million in depreciation and amortization related to the amortization of intangible assets acquired from the Tile and Jiobit acquisitions, an increase of $2.1 million due to higher contractor spend as a result of increased scaling of the combined business, and a $0.7 million increase in technology expenses due to higher costs to support headcount growth.
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General and Administrative
Three Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
General and administrative$11,567 $5,584 $5,983 107 %
General and administrative expense increased $6.0 million, or 107%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. As a result of our continued investment in headcount and recent acquisitions, personnel and related costs and stock-based compensation increased by $3.5 million. In addition, professional and outside services increased by $1.7 million primarily due to an increase in accounting, legal and advisory fees. The Company also saw a $0.1 million increase in technology expenses and a $0.3 million increase in facilities and related expenses due to higher costs to support headcount growth. The remaining increase of $0.4 million is attributable to other general and administrative expenses associated with Company growth.
Nine Months Ended September 30,Change
20222021$%
(in thousands)
General and administrative$37,643 $13,491 $24,152 179 %
General and administrative expense increased $24.2 million, or 179%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. As a result of our continued investment in headcount and recent acquisitions, personnel and related costs and stock-based compensation increased by $14.8 million. In addition, professional and outside services increased by $12.6 million primarily due to Tile Acquisition costs of approximately $5.0 million and increased expenses related to accounting, legal and advisors due to the Company’s initial Form 10 filing in April 2022 and the subsequent SEC review process, which was completed in July 2022. The Company also saw a $0.6 million increase in technology expenses and a $1.1 million increase in facilities and related expenses due to higher costs to support headcount growth. These increases were offset by a reduction in the fair value of contingent consideration related to Jiobit of approximately $5.3 million as it was determined a portion of the contingent consideration metrics would not be met. The remaining increase of $0.4 million is attributable to other general and administrative expenses associated with Company growth.
Convertible Notes Fair Value Adjustment
The Company issued convertible notes to investors in July 2021, and as part of the purchase consideration related to the Jiobit Acquisition in September 2021 (the “September 2021 Convertible Notes” and together with the July 2021 Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). The September 2021 Convertible Notes are recorded at fair value and are revalued at each reporting period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a loss associated with the convertible notes fair value adjustment of $0.2 million and a gain of $1.9 million, respectively. There was no fair value adjustment related to convertible notes recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Derivative Liability Fair Value Adjustment
The derivative liability fair value decreased by $0.3 million, or 65%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 and decreased $1.6 million, or 387%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The changes are due to the revaluation of the derivative liability at each reporting period and are related to embedded redemption features bifurcated from the July 2021 Convertible Notes issued to investors.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net increased $0.5 million, or 22,650%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 and decreased $0.6 million, or 12,120% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The other expense includes an increase in interest expense associated with the Convertible Notes and an increase in foreign exchange losses.
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Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
The provision (benefit) for income taxes increased $0.2 million, or 151%, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 and increased $0.2 million, or 158%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increases are primarily due to the tax effects related to the Tile Acquisition.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by sales of our subscriptions and hardware devices will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors and as a result, we may be required to seek additional capital. If we are unable to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us or at all or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in continued innovation, we may not be able to compete successfully, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A number of our users pay in advance for annual subscriptions, while a majority pay in advance for monthly subscriptions. Deferred revenue consists of the unearned portion of customer billings, which is recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, we had deferred revenue of $30.9 million and $13.9 million, respectively, of which $27.9 million and $13.9 million is expected to be recorded as revenue in the next 12 months, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.
Our cash flow activities were as follows for the periods presented:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021
(in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities$(54,897)$(341)
Net cash used in investing activities(114,102)(6,983)
Net cash (used)/provided by financing activities(3,471)1,111 
Net Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash$(172,470)$(6,213)
Operating Activities
Our largest source of operating cash is cash collections from our paying users for subscriptions to our platform and hardware device sales. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for employee-related expenditures, inventory, infrastructure-related costs, commissions and other marketing expenses. Net cash used in operating activities is impacted by our net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization expenses, amortization of costs capitalized to obtain a contract, and stock-based compensation, as well as the effect of changes in operating assets and liabilities.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $54.9 million. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were our net loss of $79.3 million, impacted by $24.6 million non-cash charges, and $0.2 million of cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of $24.5 million in stock-based compensation, $1.9 million gain in convertible notes fair value adjustment, $5.3 million in gain on revaluation of contingent consideration, $1.2 million gain in derivative liability fair value adjustment, $1.0 million noncash revenue from affiliate, $2.4 million of amortization of costs capitalized to obtain contracts, and $6.8 million of depreciation and amortization. The cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $16.4 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $7.2 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, a $0.6 million increase in other noncurrent liabilities, and a $2.4 million increase in deferred revenue. These amounts were partially offset by a $2.8 million increase in costs capitalized to obtain contracts, a $13.9 million decrease in accounts payable, a $4.9 million increase in inventory, and a $5.3 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities.
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was $0.3 million. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were our net loss of $18.7 million, impacted by $12.5 million non-cash charges and $5.9 million of cash used by changes in our operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of $8.4 million in stock-based compensation and $3.2 million in amortization of costs capitalized to obtain contracts. The cash used by changes in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $3.9 million increase in accounts receivable, net and a $1.4 million increase in costs capitalized to obtain contracts, net. These amounts were partially offset by a $4.0 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, a $2.2 million increase in accounts payable, a $2.3 million increase in deferred revenue, and a $3.7 million increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Investing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used in investing activities was $114.1 million, which related to $113.4 million of cash paid for the Tile Acquisition, net of cash acquired and $0.7 million related to the capitalization of internal use software costs.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $7.0 million, which related to a $4.0 million cash advance on convertible note receivable and $3.0 million of cash paid for the Jiobit acquisition, net of cash acquired.
Financing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash used by financing activities was $3.5 million, which related to $0.7 million of cash used by exercise of stock options net of taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards and $3.5 million of repayment of convertible notes offset by $0.6 million of proceeds from repayment of notes due from affiliates.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $1.1 million, which primarily related to $2.1 million in cash received in advance of the issuance of convertible notes offset by $0.9 million of
cash used by the exercise of stock options net of taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards.
Obligations and Other Commitments
Our principal commitments consist of obligations under our convertible notes, operating leases for office space, and other purchase commitments. Our obligations under our convertible notes are described in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section and in Notes 6 and 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Information regarding our non-cancellable lease and other purchase commitments as of September 30, 2022, can be found in Notes 8 and 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Management Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates made by our management. Other than items discussed in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of our condensed consolidated financial statements, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as compared to the critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates disclosed in our Form 10.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Risk
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $58.9 million and $231.3 million of cash equivalents invested in cash and cash equivalents and money market funds, respectively. Our cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, a hypothetical 10% relative change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our reporting currency and functional currency is the U.S. dollar. All of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore our revenue is not currently subject to significant foreign currency risk. Our operating expenses are denominated in the currencies of the countries in which our operations are located, which is primarily in the United States. Our condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. To date, we have not entered into any hedging arrangements with respect to foreign currency risk or other derivative financial instruments, although we may choose to do so in the future. We do not believe that a hypothetical 1,000 basis-point increase or decrease in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies would have a material effect on our operating results.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Fair Value Risk
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $7.0 million and $23.2 million of liabilities that are measured at fair value, respectively. Fair value measurements include significant assumptions that are driven by market conditions and macroeconomic factors at measurement dates. Our condensed consolidated results of operations are therefore subject to market fluctuations and may be affected in the future as a result of these fair value changes.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, refers to controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact there are resource constraints and management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) has occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings, claims and government investigations in the ordinary course of business. We have received, and may in the future continue to receive, inquiries from regulators regarding our compliance with law and regulations, including those related to data protection and consumer rights, and due to the nature of our business and the rapidly evolving landscape of laws relating to data privacy, cybersecurity, consumer protection and data use, we expect to continue to be the subject of regulatory investigations and inquiries in the future. We have received, and may in the future continue to receive, claims from third parties relating to information or content that is published or made available on our platform, among other types of claims including those relating to, among other things, regulatory matters, commercial matters, intellectual property, competition, tax, employment, pricing, discrimination, and consumer rights. Future litigation may be necessary to defend ourselves, our partners, and our customers by determining the scope, enforceability, and validity of these claims. The results of any current or future regulatory inquiry or litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, such investigations and litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, the potential for enforcement orders or settlements to impose operational restrictions or obligations on our business practices and other factors.
The information set forth under Note 11 “Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption “Litigation” is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties may cause our operations to vary materially from those contemplated by our forward-looking statements. Readers should carefully consider the information in this Form 10-Q in connection with the risk factors disclosed within Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Form 10. There have been no material changes to our risk factors from those described in the Form 10, except as set forth below.

We face risks related to heightened inflation, recession, financial and credit market disruptions and other economic conditions.

Our financial results, operations and prospects depend significantly on worldwide economic and geopolitical conditions, the demand for our products, and the financial condition of our customers and suppliers. Economic weakness and geopolitical uncertainty have in the past resulted, and may result in the future, in reduced demand for products resulting in decreased sales, margins and earnings. In 2022, the countries in which we operate experienced significantly heightened inflationary pressures, which we expect to continue into 2023. We may not be able to fully mitigate the impact of inflation through price increases, productivity initiatives and cost savings, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, if the U.S. economy enters a recession, we may experience sales declines which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Similarly, disruptions in financial and/or credit markets may impact our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our customers, suppliers and creditors. Further, in the event of a recession or threat of a recession, our customers and suppliers may suffer their own financial and economic challenges and as a result they may demand pricing accommodations, delay payment, or become insolvent, which could harm our ability to meet our customer demands or collect revenue or otherwise could harm our business. An economic or credit crisis could occur and impair credit availability and our ability to raise capital when needed. A disruption in the financial markets could impair our banking or other business partners, on whom we rely for access to capital. In addition, changes in tax or interest rates in the U.S. or other nations, whether due to recession, economic disruptions or other reasons, could have an adverse effect on our operating results.



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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Share-based Compensation
During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we issued the following securities as compensation to certain of our employees and consultants:
On September 8, 2022, the Company issued 214,522 shares of common stock to 188 employees and consultants in accordance with the vesting schedules set forth in RSU agreements previously entered into with such employees and consultants. The RSUs were a portion of the compensation paid to such employees and consultants for their services to us. Of the shares issued to employees, 109,517 shares were withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations and/or to satisfy cash settlement options to employees, equaling approximately $1.3 million.

None of the foregoing transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering. We believe the offers, sales, and issuances of the above securities were exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated thereunder because the issuance of securities to the recipients did not involve a public offering, or in reliance on Rule 701 because the transactions were pursuant to compensatory benefit plans or contracts relating to compensation as provided under such rule.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
No.
Description
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHXBRL Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data
_____________________
*    This certification is being furnished solely to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing of the registrant under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
LIFE360, INC.
Dated:
November 14, 2022
By:/s/ Chris Hulls
Chris Hulls
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Dated:
November 14, 2022
By:/s/ Russell Burke
Russell Burke
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)


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