LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES INC - Quarter Report: 2013 December (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

S         QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2013

OR

£      TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission file number 000-27548

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

http://www.lightpath.com

2603 Challenger Tech Ct. Suite 100

Orlando, Florida 32826

 (Address of principal executive offices)

(ZIP Code)

(407) 382-4003

 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

 (Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES S    NO £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the proceeding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES S  NO £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer £        Accelerated filer £        Non-accelerated filer £        Smaller reporting company S

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES £  NO S

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

14,293,306 shares of common stock, Class A, $.01 par value, outstanding as of January 27, 2014.

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Form 10-Q

Index

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated statements.

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated statements.

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

Six Months ended December 31, 2013

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated statements.

Notes to Financial Statements

1. Basis of Presentation

References in this document to “the Company”, “LightPath”, “we”, “us”, or “our” are intended to mean LightPath Technologies, Inc., individually, or as the context requires, collectively with its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Article 8 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes, included in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years or quarters refer to the Company’s fiscal years ended in June and the associated quarters of those fiscal years.

These consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the interim periods presented. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year as a whole.

History:  

LightPath was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 to pursue a strategy of supplying hardware to the telecommunications industry. In April 2000, the Company acquired Horizon Photonics, Inc. (“Horizon”), and in September 2000 the Company acquired Geltech, Inc. (“Geltech”). During fiscal 2003, in response to sales declines in the telecommunications industry, the operations of Horizon in California and LightPath in New Mexico were consolidated into the former Geltech facility in Orlando, Florida. In November 2005, the Company formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“LPOI”), a wholly-owned manufacturing subsidiary located in Jiading, People’s Republic of China. LPOI’s manufacturing operations are housed in a 16,000 square foot facility located in the Jiading Industrial Zone near Shanghai. In December 2013, the Company formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Zhenjiang) Co., Ltd. (“LPOIZ”), a wholly-owned subsidiary that will operate a 25,833 square foot manufacturing facility located in the New City district, in the Jiangsu province, of the People’s Republic of China.

LightPath is a manufacturer and integrator of families of precision molded aspheric optics, high-performance fiber-optic collimators, GRADIUM™ glass lenses and other optical materials used to produce products that manipulate light. The Company designs, develops, manufactures and distributes optical components and assemblies utilizing the latest optical processes and advanced manufacturing technologies. The Company also performs research and development for optical solutions for the traditional optics markets and communications markets.

Liquidity:

The Company has previously incurred recurring losses from operations. As of December 31, 2013 the Company has an accumulated deficit of approximately $204.7 million. Cash used in operations was approximately $218,000 for the first fiscal half of 2014 compared to cash used of approximately $90,000 for the first fiscal half of 2013. This is a change of $128,000 due primarily to the increase in stock based compensation, the change in the fair value of our June 2012 warrant liability and an increase in inventory due to the reclassification of tooling costs and prepaid assets.

At December 31, 2013, we had a book cash balance of approximately $2.0 million. During the six months ended December 31, 2013, we generated $390,000 of cash which compares to a cash usage of $577,000 for the first six months of the prior fiscal year.  This increase in our cash balance for the first six months of fiscal 2014 was primarily due to the receipt in July and December 2013 of approximately $1.5 million in proceeds, net of approximately $31,000 in costs, from the exercise of common stock warrants. We issued 1,136,142 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of these warrants. The warrants carried exercise prices ranging from $0.87 to $1.89 per share.

We believe that cash flow from operations will improve from fiscal 2013 during the rest of fiscal 2014 based upon the current booking rate combined with increased quote activity and the existing 12-month backlog. We are also continuing to seek opportunities to reduce costs and manage cash usage. We believe we can continue to achieve additional cost reductions by continuing the transition of precision molded optics lenses to less expensive glass, increasing tooling life and qualifying additional coating types in our Shanghai facility.

2.  Significant Accounting Policies

Consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in the bank and temporary investments with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased.

Allowance for accounts receivable, is calculated by taking 100% of the total of invoices that are over 90 days past due from the due date and 10% of the total of invoices that are over 60 days past due from the due date for U.S. based accounts and 100% of invoices that are over 120 days past due for China based accounts.Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. Recovery of bad debt amounts previously written off is recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense in the period the payment is collected. If the Company’s actual collection experience changes, revisions to its allowance may be required. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.

Inventories, which consist principally of raw materials, tooling, work-in-process and finished lenses, collimators and assemblies are stated at the lower of cost or market, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory costs include materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Acquisition of goods from our vendors has a purchase burden added to cover customs, shipping and handling costs. Fixed costs related to excess manufacturing capacity have been expensed. We look at the following criteria for parts to consider for the inventory reserve: items that have not been sold in two years or that have not been purchased in two years or of which we have more than a two-year supply.  These items as identified are reserved at 100%, as well as reserving 50% for other items deemed to be slow moving within the last twelve months and reserving 25% for items deemed to have low material usage within the last six months. The parts identified are adjusted for recent order and quote activity to determine the final inventory reserve. In the third quarter of fiscal 2013 we placed a 100% reserve on our isolator inventories due to our current sales forecast for this product line.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2014, we changed our classification of tooling costs associated with inventory costing. Previously, the majority of such costs were classified within property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet. The periodic amortization of such costs was included in the pool of production overhead costs, a portion of which was capitalized into inventory. We are now classifying tooling costs as a direct inventory cost into specific products through our production costing processes.

This change was made to more accurately compute our standard costs and to reflect the process used to quote and internally estimate product costs overall. The Company believes this reclassification is preferable as it will provide greater precision in the costing of inventory and product pricing, which will enable us to better manage our margins, control our pricing and value our inventory. Since this change will more effectively value inventory based on historical tool usage factors and by individual part numbers, the result will be an increase in the accuracy of reporting the value of inventory and an improvement of matching costs with revenue. In addition, since implementation of the new inventory accounting system, our operations have been managed based on data provided from the perpetual inventory system. By tracking and valuing inventory based on perpetual records, financial reporting is better aligned with operations. Furthermore, the material requirements planning module now provides on hand and projected quantities of tools.

The majority of the impact of this change resulted in a decrease in gross value of property and equipment by approximately $889,000, less accumulated amortization of approximately $463,000, or a net decrease of approximately $426,000.

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets ranging from one to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets using the straight-line method.

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

Deferred rent relates to certain of the Company’s operating leases containing predetermined fixed increases of the base rental rate during the lease term being recognized as rental expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has recorded the difference between the amounts charged to operations and amounts payable under the leases as deferred rent in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred revenue relates to a $1.1 million purchase order from Raytheon Vision Systems (“Raytheon”) for which revenue is recognized on a percentage of completion basis. The Company is using the “cost-to-cost method” to allow it to measure progress toward completion based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs. The Company recorded in deferred revenue, or other receivables, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, based on the difference between the amounts invoiced on the project and the amount recognized into revenue, all prior to June 30, 2013, or expenses incurred. As of December 31, 2013, the Company invoiced $843,500 and recognized $1,097,030 as revenue with the difference of $253,530 recorded as other receivables which is expected to be billed in the third quarter of fiscal 2014. At December 31, 2013, we had no billed accounts receivable outstanding with respect to this purchase order. The project is expected to be completed by March 2014.

The Company recognized and recorded $50,000 in license income in “other income (expense), net” in September 2012. The transaction is being accounted for under the guidance of ASC 605-10, Revenue Recognition, in which all fees under the agreement are expected to be collectible in full, the licensing arrangement is exclusive and the term of the license extends beyond the remaining life of the patents.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed on the basis of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances have been established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company has not recognized a liability for uncertain tax positions. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits or penalties has not been provided since there has been no unrecognized benefit or penalty. If there were an unrecognized tax benefit or penalty, the Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.

The Company files U.S. Federal income tax returns, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s open tax years subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the Florida Department of Revenue generally remain open for three years from the date of filing.

Revenue is recognized from product sales when products are shipped to the customer, provided that the Company has received a valid purchase order, the price is fixed, title has transferred, collection of the associated receivable is reasonably assured, and there are no remaining significant obligations. Revenues from product development agreements are recognized as milestones and are completed in accordance with the terms of the agreements and upon shipment of products, reports or designs to the customer. Invoiced amounts for sales for value-added taxes (VAT) are posted to the balance sheet and not included in revenue.

New product development costs are expensed as incurred.

Stock-based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period.  We estimate the fair value of each restricted stock unit or stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. Most awards granted under our Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan vest ratably over two to four years and generally have four to ten-year contract lives.  The volatility rate is based on historical trends in common stock closing prices and the expected term was determined based primarily on historical experience of previously outstanding awards.  The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities. The likelihood of meeting targets for option grants that are performance based are evaluated each quarter. If it is determined that meeting the targets is probable then the compensation expense will be amortized over the remaining vesting period.

Management estimates. Management makes estimates and assumptions during the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes available, which in turn could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

Financial instruments. The Company accounts for financial instruments in accordance with ASC 820, which provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands required disclosure about fair value measurements of assets and liabilities.  ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2013.  

The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values.  These financial instruments which include cash, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities.  Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments since they are short term in nature and their carrying amounts approximate fair values or they are receivable or payable on demand.

The Company values its warrant liabilities based on open-form option pricing models which, based on the relevant inputs, render the fair value measurement at Level 3. The Company bases its estimates of fair value for warrant liabilities on the amount it would pay a third-party market participant to transfer the liability and incorporates inputs such as equity prices, historical and implied volatilities, dividend rates and prices of convertible securities issued by comparable companies maximizing the use of observable inputs when available. See further discussion at Note 11.

The Company does not have any other financial or non-financial assets or liabilities that would be characterized as Level 2 or Level 3 instruments.

Derivative financial instruments. The Company accounts for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC 815,which requires additional disclosures about the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivative instruments, how the derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for, and how the derivative instruments and related hedging items affect the financial statements.

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risk.  Terms of convertible debt instruments are reviewed to determine whether or not they contain embedded derivative instruments that are required under ASC 815 to be accounted for separately from the host contract, and recorded on the balance sheet at fair value.  The fair value of derivative liabilities, if any, is required to be revalued at each reporting date, with corresponding changes in fair value recorded in current period operating results.

Freestanding warrants issued by the Company in connection with the issuance or sale of debt and equity instruments are considered to be derivative instruments.  Pursuant to ASC 815, an evaluation of specifically identified conditions is made to determine whether the fair value of warrants issued is required to be classified as equity or as a derivative liability.

Comprehensive income (loss) of the Company is defined as the change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources.  It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.  Comprehensive income (loss) has two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), and is included on the statement of operations and comprehensive income. Our other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments made for financial reporting purposes.

Business segments are required to be reported by the Company. As the Company only operates in principally one business segment, no additional reporting is required.

Recent accounting pronouncements. The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements issued by FASB and the SEC that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements, and does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

In July 2013 the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, “Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists,” which amends ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” This new guidance requires that a liability related to an unrecognized tax benefit be offset against a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward if certain criteria are met. The provisions of this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively to all unrecognized tax benefits that exist at the effective date. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company will adopt this guidance during fiscal 2015 and does not expect the adoption to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

3. Inventories

The components of inventories include the following:

In the second quarter of fiscal 2014, gross tooling costs of approximately $889,000, less accumulated amortization of approximately $463,000, were reclassified from fixed assets and $20,102 was reclassified from prepaid expenses into inventory. The value of tooling in raw materials is $592,867 at December 31, 2013.

4. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are summarized as follows:

Tooling was reclassified to inventory in the second quarter of fiscal 2014.

5. Intangible Assets

The following table discloses information regarding the carrying amounts and associated accumulated amortization for intangible assets:

Amortization expense related to intangible assets totaled approximately $16,000 during both six-month periods ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. The net carrying amount will be amortized over the following schedule for the remainder of fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2015:

6. Accounts Payable

The accounts payable balance includes approximately $54,500 and $51,300 of related party transactions for board of directors’ fees as of December 31, 2013 and June 30, 2013, respectively.

7. Compensatory Equity Incentive Plan and Other Equity Incentives

Share-Based Compensation Arrangements—The Company’s Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) included several available forms of stock compensation of which incentive stock options and restricted stock awards have been granted to date.

The 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) permits employees to purchase shares of Class A common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of an employee’s compensation, at a price not less than 85% of the market value of the stock on specified dates (June 30 and December 31). In no event may any participant purchase more than $25,000 worth of shares of Class A common stock in any calendar year and an employee may purchase no more than 4,000 shares on any purchase date within an offering period of 12 months and 2,000 shares on any purchase date within an offering period of six months. The discount on market value is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and was $248 and $473 for the six months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

These two plans are summarized below:

Grant Date Fair Values and Underlying Assumptions; Contractual Terms—The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. The ESPP fair value is the amount of the discounted market value the employee obtains at the date of the purchase transaction.

For stock options granted in the six month periods ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company estimated the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the following assumptions:

Most options granted under the Plan vest ratably over two to four years and are generally exercisable for ten years. The assumed forfeiture rates used in calculating the fair value of options and restricted stock unit grants with both performance and service conditions were 20% and 0%, respectively, for the six months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. The volatility rate and expected term are based on seven-year historical trends in Class A common stock closing prices and actual forfeitures. The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities.

Information Regarding Current Share-Based Compensation Awards—A summary of the activity for share-based compensation awards in the six months ended December 31, 2013 is presented below:

The total intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $19,325 and $0, respectively.

The total intrinsic value of RSUs exercised during the six months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $288,652 and $0, respectively.

The total intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $592,052 and $350,077, respectively.

The total fair value of RSUs vested during the six months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $264,372 and $139,000, respectively.

The total fair value of option shares vested during the six months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $62,986 and $68,000, respectively.

As of December 31, 2013, there was $507,212 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements (including share options and restricted stock units) granted under the Plan. We expect to recognize the compensation cost as follows:

The table above does not include shares under the Company’s ESPP, which has purchase settlement dates in the second and fourth fiscal quarters of each year and issuance dates in the first and third fiscal quarters of each year. The Company’s ESPP is not administered with a look-back option provision and, as a result, there is not a population of outstanding option grants during the employee contribution period.

Restricted stock unit awards vest immediately or from two to four years from the date of grant.

The Company issues new shares of Class A common stock upon the exercise of stock options. The following table is a summary of the number and weighted average grant date fair values regarding the Company’s unexercisable/unvested awards as of December 31, 2013 and changes during the six months then ended:

Financial Statement Effects and Presentation—The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income:

8. Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding, during each period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed similarly to basic earnings per share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue shares of Class A common stock were exercised or converted into shares of Class A common stock. The computation for basic and diluted loss per share are described in the following table:

9. Foreign Operations

Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the six month periods. Gains or losses on the translation of the financial statements of a non-U.S. operation, where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, the Renminbi (“RMB”), are reflected as a separate component of equity. The foreign exchange translation adjustment reflects a net gain of approximately $14,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2013 and a gain of approximately $500 for the six months ended December 31, 2012. The Company, as of December 31, 2013, had approximately $6.53 million in assets and $5.34 million in net assets located at LPOI’s Shanghai facility and LPOIZ’s Zhenjiang facility.

10. Convertible Debentures

On August 1, 2008, we executed a Securities Purchase Agreement with respect to the private placement of the 8% Senior Convertible Debentures (“Debentures”). Among the investors were Steven Brueck, J. James Gaynor, Louis Leeburg, Robert Ripp, Gary Silverman and James Magos, all of whom were directors or officers of LightPath as of August 1, 2008.

Investors also received warrants to purchase up to 950,974 shares of our common stock.  We received gross proceeds of $970,315 from the exercise of these warrants. These warrants expired on August 1, 2013.

On December 31, 2008, the Debentures were amended to allow debenture holders to convert 25% of their Debentures into shares of Class A common stock.  As a result, $732,250 of the Debentures were converted into 475,496 shares of Class A common stock.  To induce the debenture holders to partially convert the Debentures, we issued additional warrants. These warrants expired on December 31, 2013.

On March 25, 2013, the Company and the remaining Debenture holders holding approximately 93.10% of the outstanding principal amount of the Debentures executed a Conversion Agreement (the “Conversion Agreement”) in connection with the early conversion of the Debentures. In consideration of converting the Debentures prior to the maturity date, the Company issued to each Debenture holder additional shares of Class A common stock to compensate the converting Debenture holders for the difference between the conversion price per share, or $1.54, and the closing bid price per share of common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market on March 22, 2013, or $0.79 (the “Conversion Incentive Shares”). In connection with the conversion of the Debentures, the Company issued a total of 1,148,738 shares of common stock, 559,448 of which we issued as Conversion Incentive Shares.

The summary of the Debenture conversion activity by fiscal year is as follows:

11. Derivative Financial Instruments (Warrant Liability)

On June 11, 2012, we executed a Securities Purchase Agreement with respect to a private placement of an aggregate of 1,943,852 shares of our Class A common stock at $1.02 per share and warrants to purchase 1,457,892 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.32 per share (“June 2012 Warrants”). The June 2012 Warrants are exercisable for a period of five years beginning on December 11, 2012.The Company accounted for the June 2012 Warrants issued to investors in accordance with ASC 815-10. ASC 815-10 provides guidance for determining whether an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to an entity’s own stock. This applies to any freestanding financial instrument or embedded feature that has all the characteristics of a derivative under ASC 815-10, including any freestanding financial instrument that is potentially settled in an entity’s own stock.

Due to certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price of the June 2012 Warrants if the Company issues or sell shares of its Class A common stock at a price which is less than the then current warrant exercise price, the June 2012 Warrants have been classified as a liability as opposed to equity in accordance with ASC 815-10 as it was determined that the June 2012 Warrants were not indexed to the Company’s Class A common stock.

In accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, the fair value of the June 2012 Warrants exercised in July 2013, was re-measured just prior to exercise. The resulting fair value of these warrants of $277,070 was reclassified out of Warrant Liability and into Additional Paid-in Capital on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet during the six months ended December 31, 2013. The fair value of the remaining outstanding June 2012 Warrants was re-measured on December 31, 2013 to reflect their fair market value at the end of the current reporting period. The June 2012 Warrants will be re-measured at each subsequent financial reporting period. The change in fair value of the June 2012 Warrants is recorded in the statement of operations and comprehensive income and is estimated using the Lattice option-pricing model using the following assumptions:

All warrants issued by the Company other than the above noted June 2012 Warrants are classified as equity.

The warrant liabilities are considered a recurring Level 3 fair value measurement, with a fair value of $878,916 at December 31, 2013.

The following table summarizes the activity of Level 3 inputs measured on a recurring basis for the six months ended December 31, 2013:

12. Deferred Revenue/Costs in Excess of Billings

In January 2012, the Company received a purchase order for $1.1 million from Raytheon. The purchase order is for development of low cost manufacturing processes for infrared optics and is in support of Raytheon’s $13.4 million Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s (DARPA) Low Cost Thermal Imaging Manufacturing (LCTI-M) program. The goal of LCTI-M is to develop a wafer scale manufacturing process that will result in a camera on a chip, making thermal imagers affordable, accessible, and ubiquitous to every warfighter.

The Company is using the “cost-to-cost method” to allow it to measure progress toward completion based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs. The Company has recorded in costs in excess of billings on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet the difference between the amounts invoiced on the project and the amount recognized into revenue.

As of December 31, 2013, the Company invoiced $843,500 and recognized $1,097,030 as revenue to date ($481,000 recognized during fiscal 2013 and $0 during fiscal 2014). The balance of $253,530 is recorded as other receivables. The project is now expected to be completed by March 2014. At December 31, 2013, the Company had no billed accounts receivable outstanding with respect to this purchase order.

13. License of GRADIUM Intellectual Property

On September 19, 2012, the Company and Hubei New Hua Guang Information Materials Company, Ltd. (“NHG”) entered into an exclusive Intellectual Property License Agreement for the Company’s GRADIUM® glass products. The license agreement is for an initial term of five years expiring on September 19, 2017, which extends beyond the remaining life of the patents. Pursuant to the license agreement, the Company will receive $150,000 in licensing fees along with royalties on product sales starting in the fourth year of the agreement. The transaction is being accounted for under the guidance of ASC 605-10, Revenue Recognition which states, in part, revenue can be recognized when collection of the fee agreement can be reasonably assured. The Company determined that $50,000 of the $150,000 license fee under this agreement, representing the first milestone payment, was reasonably assured of being collected as of September 30, 2012. The Company recognized the $50,000 as other income for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 and collected the funds in the quarter ended December 31, 2012. No revenue on this license agreement was recognized in the remainder of fiscal 2013 or in the first half of fiscal 2014.

14. $2,000,000 Credit Facility

On September 30, 2013, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “LSA”) with Avidbank Corporate Finance, a division of Avidbank (“Avidbank”). Pursuant to the LSA, Avidbank will lend to the Company under a revolving credit facility an aggregate outstanding amount not to exceed the lesser of (i) One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) (the “Revolving Line”) or (ii) an amount equal to eighty percent (80%) of eligible accounts, as determined by Avidbank in accordance with the LSA. Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line may be repaid and reborrowed at any time prior to September 30, 2014, at which time all amounts shall be immediately due and payable. The advances under the Revolving Line bear interest, on the outstanding daily balance, at a per annum rate equal to one percent (1%) above the Prime Rate. Interest payments are due and payable on the last business day of each month.

Pursuant to the LSA, Avidbank will also make equipment advances to the Company, each in a minimum amount of $100,000, and in an aggregate amount not to exceed One Million Dollars ($1,000,000). Equipment advances during any particular three month draw period are due and repayable in thirty-six (36) equal monthly payments. All amounts due under outstanding equipment advances made during any particular draw period are due on the tenth (10th) day following the end of such draw period, and in any event, no later than September 30, 2017. The equipment advances bear interest, on the outstanding daily balance, at a per annum rate equal to one and half percent (1.5%) above the Prime Rate. Interest payments are due and payable on the tenth day of each month so long as any equipment advance is outstanding.

No amounts are outstanding on the LSA as of December 31, 2013.

The Company’s obligations under the LSA are secured by a first priority security interest (subject to permitted liens) in substantially all of the assets of the Company. In addition, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Geltech, Inc. has guaranteed the Company’s obligations under the LSA.

The LSA contains customary covenants, including, but not limited to: (i) a minimum quarterly quick ratio, which measures the Company’s ability to meet its short-term liabilities as a ratio of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents plus all accounts receivable to current liabilities; (ii) a minimum quarterly debt service coverage ratio; (iii) limitations on the disposition of property; (iv) limitations on changing the Company’s business or permitting a change in control; (v) limitations on additional indebtedness or encumbrances; (vi) restrictions on distributions; and (vii) limitations on certain investments.

Late payments are subject to a late fee equal to the lesser of five percent (5%) of the unpaid amount or the maximum amount permitted to be charged under applicable law. Amounts outstanding during an event of default accrue interest at a rate of five (5) percentage points above the interest rate applicable immediately prior to the occurrence of the event of default. The LSA contains other customary provisions with respect to events of default, expense reimbursement, and confidentiality. The Company also entered into an Intellectual Property Security Agreement with Avidbank with respect to the assignment of the Company’s patents and trademarks.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the LightPath Technologies, Inc. (“LightPath”, the “Company” or “we”). All statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2013 (the “Quarterly Report”), other than statements of historical facts, which address activities, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will or may occur in the future, including such things as future capital expenditures, growth, product development, sales, business strategy and other similar matters are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based largely on our current expectations and assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements set forth herein as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, limited cash resources and the need for additional financing, our dependence on a few key customers, our ability to transition our business into new markets, our ability to increase sales and manage and control costs and other risks described in our reports on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In light of these risks and uncertainties, all of the forward-looking statements made herein are qualified by these cautionary statements and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by us will be realized. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements contained herein.

The discussions of our results as presented in this Quarterly Report include use of the terms “EBITDA” and “gross margin.” EBITDA is discussed below. Gross margin is determined by deducting the cost of sales from operating revenue. Cost of sales includes manufacturing direct and indirect labor, materials, services, fixed costs for rent, utilities and depreciation, and variable overhead. Gross margin should not be considered an alternative to operating income or net income, which are determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe that gross margin, although a non-GAAP financial measure is useful and meaningful to investors as a basis for making investment decisions. It provides investors with information that demonstrates our cost structure and provides funds for our total costs and expenses. We use gross margin in measuring the performance of our business and have historically analyzed and reported gross margin information publicly. Other companies may calculate gross margin in a different manner.

Overview

Historical:  We are in the business of manufacturing optical components and higher level assemblies including precision molded glass aspheric optics, proprietary high performance fiber optic collimators, GRADIUM glass lenses and other optical materials used to produce products that manipulate light. All the products we produce enable lasers and imaging devices to function more effectively.

In November 2005, we formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, (“LPOI”), a wholly-owned manufacturing subsidiary, located in Jiading, People’s Republic of China. The manufacturing operations are housed in a 16,000 square foot facility located in the Jiading Industrial Zone near Shanghai.  This plant has increased overall production capacity and enabled us to compete for larger production volumes of optical components and assemblies, and strengthened our partnerships within the Asia/Pacific region. In December 2013, the Company formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Zhenjiang) Co., Ltd. (“LPOIZ”), a wholly-owned subsidiary that will operate a 25,833 square foot manufacturing facility located in the New City district of the Jiangsu Province in the People’s Republic of China.

In 2006, the Company implemented a cash conservation strategy by reducing its operating costs, which included restructuring its manufacturing operations. As we have implemented this new business strategy, the fundamentals of the Company have been improving each year. Cash flow from operations was approximately $556,000 and $406,000 during fiscal 2013 and 2012, respectively. Fiscal 2013 was the first profitable year in the Company’s history. Cash flow used in operations was approximately $218,000 during the first half of fiscal 2014.

How we operate:  

We have continuing sales of two basic types: occasional sales via ad-hoc purchase orders of mostly standard product configurations (our “turns” business) and the more challenging and potentially more rewarding business of customer product development. In this latter type of business we work with a customer to help them determine optical specifications and even create certain optical designs for them, including complex multi-component designs that we call “engineered assemblies.” This is followed by “sampling” small numbers of the product for the customer’s test and evaluation. Thereafter, should the customer conclude that our specification or design is the best solution to their product need; we negotiate and “win” a contract (sometimes called a “design win”) – whether of a “blanket purchase order” type or a supply agreement. The strategy is to create an annuity revenue stream that makes the best use of our production capacity as compared to the turns business, which is unpredictable and uneven. This annuity revenue stream can also generate low-cost, high-volume type orders. A key business objective is to convert as much of our business to the design win and annuity model as is possible. We face several challenges in doing so:

Despite these challenges to winning more “annuity” business, we nevertheless believe we can be successful in procuring this business because of our unique capabilities in optical design engineering that we make available on the merchant market, a market that we believe is underserved in this area of service offering. Additionally, we believe that we offer value to some customers as a source of supply in the United States should they be unwilling to commit their entire source of supply of a critical component to foreign merchant production sources. We also continue to have the proprietary GRADIUM lens glass technology to offer to certain laser markets.

Our key indicators: 

Usually on a weekly basis, management reviews a number of performance indicators. Some of these indicators are qualitative and others are quantitative. These indicators change from time to time as the opportunities and challenges in the business change. They are mostly non-financial indicators such as units of shippable output by major product line, production yield rates by major product line and the output and yield data from significant intermediary manufacturing processes that support the production of the finished shippable product. These indicators can be used to calculate such other related indicators as fully yielded unit production per-shift, which varies by the particular product and our state of automation in production of that product at any given time. Higher unit production per shift means lower unit cost and therefore improved margins or improved ability to compete where desirable for price sensitive customer applications. The data from these reports is used to determine tactical operating actions and changes. We believe that our non-financial production indicators, such as those noted, are proprietary information.

Financial indicators that are usually reviewed at the same time include the major elements of the micro-level business cycle:

These indicators are similarly used to determine tactical operating actions and changes and are discussed in more detail below.

Sales Backlog:

Sales growth has been and continues to be our best indicator of success. Our best view into the efficacy of our sales efforts is in our “order book.” Our order book equates to sales “backlog.” It has a quantitative and a qualitative aspect: quantitatively, our backlog’s prospective dollar value and qualitatively, what percent of the backlog is scheduled by the customer for date-certain delivery. We define our “12-month backlog” as that which is requested by the customer for delivery within one year and which is reasonably likely to remain in the backlog and be converted into revenues. This includes customer purchase orders and may include amounts under supply contracts if they meet the aforementioned criteria. Generally, a higher 12-month backlog is better for us.

Our 12-month backlog at December 31, 2013 was approximately $5.16 million compared to $4.14 million as of June 30, 2013. Bookings and quote activity have continued to increase for our industrial low-cost lenses in Asia and we project continued production and shipment growth for these low-cost lenses in Asia during the remainder of fiscal 2014.

We continue to diversify our business by entering into additional markets such as digital imaging, laser tools, telecommunications, digital projectors, industrial equipment, weapon sights and green lasers. We expect to show increases in revenue for the remainder of fiscal 2014 as a result of this diversification.

EBITDA:

EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure used by management, lenders and certain investors as a supplemental measure in the evaluation of some aspects of a corporation’s financial position and core operating performance. Investors sometimes use EBITDA as it allows for some level of comparability of profitability trends between those businesses differing as to capital structure and capital intensity by removing the impacts of depreciation and amortization. EBITDA also does not include changes in major working capital items such as receivables, inventory and payables, which can also indicate a significant need for, or source of, cash. Since decisions regarding capital investment and financing and changes in working capital components can have a significant impact on cash flow, EBITDA is not a good indicator of a business’s cash flows. We use EBITDA for evaluating the relative underlying performance of the Company’s core operations and for planning purposes. We calculate EBITDA by adjusting net income (loss) to exclude net interest expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, thus the term “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization” and the acronym “EBITDA.”

We also calculated an Adjusted EBITDA which excludes the effect of the non-cash expense associated with the mark-to-market adjustments related to our June 2012 Warrants. We believe this Adjusted EBITDA is helpful for investors to better understand the financial results of our business operations.

The following table sets forth EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

Our Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended December 31, 2013 decreased to approximately $207,000, compared to approximately $432,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2012. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was principally caused by the change in the fair value of our warrant liability with respect to the June 2012 Warrants and the net loss recognized in the six months ended December 31, 2013. For comparison purposes, net loss was approximately $282,000 or $0.02 per basic and diluted common share during the first half of fiscal 2014, compared with the first half of fiscal 2013, in which we reported net income of approximately $242,000 or $0.02 basic and diluted per common share.

Inventory Levels:

We manage our inventory levels to minimize investment in working capital but still have the flexibility to meet customer demand to a reasonable degree. While the mix of inventory is an important factor, including adequate safety stocks of long lead-time materials, an important aggregate measure of inventory in all phases of production is the quarter’s ending inventory expressed as a number of days worth of the quarter’s cost of sales, also known as “days cost of sales in inventory,” or “DCSI.” It is calculated by dividing the quarter’s ending inventory by the quarter’s cost of goods sold, multiplied by 365 and divided by 4. Generally, a lower DCSI measure equates to a lesser investment in inventory and therefore more efficient use of capital. During the three months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, our DCSI was 154 and 96, respectively, compared to an average DCSI of 98 for the year ended June 30, 2013. The increase in DCSI from the prior year is primarily a result of the reclassification of tooling from fixed and prepaid assets to inventory.

Accounts Receivable Levels and Quality:

Similarly, we manage our accounts receivable to minimize investment in working capital. We measure the quality of receivables by the proportions of the total that are at various increments past due from our normally extended terms, which are generally 30 days. The most important aggregate measure of accounts receivable is the quarter’s ending balance of net accounts receivable expressed as a number of day’s worth of the quarter’s net revenues, also known as “days sales outstanding,” or “DSO.” It is calculated by dividing the quarter’s ending net accounts receivable by the quarter’s net revenues, multiplied by 365 and divided by 4. Generally, a lower DSO measure equates to a lesser investment in accounts receivable, and therefore, more efficient use of capital. For the three months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, our DSO was 73 and 75, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2013, our average DSO was 66.

Other Key Indicators:

Other key indicators include various operating metrics, some of which are qualitative and others are quantitative. These indicators change from time to time as the opportunities and challenges in the business change. They are mostly non-financial indicators such as on time delivery trends, units of shippable output by major product line, production yield rates by major product line and the output and yield data from significant intermediary manufacturing processes that support the production of the finished shippable product. These indicators can be used to calculate such other related indicators as fully-yielded unit production per-shift, which varies by the particular product and our state of automation in production of that product at any given time. Higher unit production per shift means lower unit cost and therefore improved margins or improved ability to compete where desirable for price sensitive customer applications. The data from these reports is used to determine tactical operating actions and changes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

History and Background:

We generally rely on cash from operations and equity and debt offerings, to the extent available, to satisfy our liquidity needs. From February 1996 (when our initial public offering occurred) through the end of our fiscal 2013, inclusive, we have raised a net total of approximately $104 million from the issuance of common and preferred stock, the sale of convertible debt and the exercise of options and warrants for our common stock.

In 2006, the Company implemented a cash conservation strategy by reducing its operating costs, which included restructuring its manufacturing operations. Our cash conservation strategy has also included measures such as extending payment terms with certain of our suppliers, delaying purchases for as long as practicable using just-in-time ordering practices and managing headcount and salaries for our staff to reflect order demand. This business strategy has resulted in the fundamentals of the Company improving each year. Fiscal 2013 was the first profitable year in the Company’s history. In fiscal 2012, we achieved positive cash flow from operations. Cash provided by operations was approximately $556,000 and $406,000 during fiscal 2013 and fiscal 2012, respectively.

The improvements in cash flows from operations are as a result of increased revenues from the additional markets we are able to address due to our lower cost structure as well as manufacturing and product efficiencies. Although we reported net income for fiscal 2013 we had recurring losses from operations in previous years. As of December 31, 2013, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $204.7 million and a book cash balance of approximately $2.0 million. On January 27, 2014 we had a book cash balance of $1,857,276.

Management developed an operating plan for fiscal 2014 and believes the Company has adequate financial resources for achievement of this plan and to sustain its current operations in the coming year. The fiscal 2014 operating plan and related financial projections we developed anticipate continued improvement in our cash flows in future years due to sales growth primarily from precision molded optics, with the emphasis on low-cost, high-volume applications, optical assemblies including our redesigned collimator product line and infrared products.  We expect further margin improvements based on production efficiencies and yield improvements. For example, we expect lower glass costs as a result of replacing internally fabricated material with purchased materials from suppliers in Asia and lower coating costs due to larger unit volumes and due to our ability to coat the lenses in-house rather than outsourcing this service. We also anticipate that LPOIZ will result in reduced labor and facility expenses. We expect to incur some additional expenses in the third quarter of fiscal 2014 due to startup costs. We expect to recognize minimal savings in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014 once production starts, which is expected to be late in the fourth quarter.

We expect continued growth in our precision molded optic lenses due to what we believe is the beginning of a multi-year growth cycle of the optical market. This multi-year growth cycle is driven by four major trends: cloud computing; video distribution via digital technology; wireless broadband; and machine to machine connection. Cloud computing is causing a shift in enterprise technology with increased spending for software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) and infrastructure-as-a-service (“IaaS”) capital investments. Delivery of applications and technology using SaaS or IaaS requires larger and faster network bandwidth. The explosion of mobile devices, which includes smartphones and tablet devices, is also requiring the expansion of network bandwidth as users are receiving and transferring larger amounts of data via their mobile devices. The number of mobile devices will exceed the global population by 2016 and is estimated to be a 1.4 devices per person. Individuals are also streaming more video on their mobile devices or through their smart TVs. This type of video distribution, which is estimated to be 70% of all network traffic by 2016, is creating a huge demand for larger and faster bandwidth. Finally, machine to machine connection technology allows wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices of the same type. This type of networking often requires bandwidth in order for the machines to communicate with each other.

All of these trends require the expansion of bandwidth, and thus, the growth of optical communication networks. LightPath produces products, such as our precision molded optic lenses, that can be used as a component in optical communication networks. These trends combined with the excellent value proposition that we bring to our customers with competitive prices and superior quality are the reasons we believe we are experiencing an increase in demand for our precision molded optic lenses and why we have confidence in our continued growth in the future.

We also expect continued improvement of overhead absorption as the volume of products produced increases and material costs decrease, since we will be able to purchase materials in higher volumes. We also will continue to implement cost reductions with programs to improve tool life and lower anti-reflective coating costs by coating the lenses at our facilities. We have established milestones that will be tracked to ensure that as funds are being used that we are achieving results before additional funds are committed. Management will be monitoring the operating plan closely during the year and should the plan objectives not be met, remedial actions will be initiated.

Our efforts are directed toward reaching positive cash flow and profitability. If these efforts are not successful, we will need to raise additional capital. Should capital not be available to us at reasonable terms, other actions may become necessary in addition to cost control measures and continued efforts to increase sales. These actions may include exploring strategic options for the sale of the Company, the sale of certain product lines, the creation of joint ventures or strategic alliances under which we will pursue business opportunities, the creation of licensing arrangements with respect to our technology, or other alternatives.

We execute all foreign sales from our Orlando facility and inter-company transactions in United States dollars, mitigating the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.  Assets and liabilities denominated in non-United States currencies, primarily the Chinese Renminbi, are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the year. During the six months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, we incurred a gain of $13,795 and a gain of $494 on foreign currency translation, respectively.

During fiscal 2013 we decided to no longer market our isolator product line and we reserved all isolator inventories at 100%.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Operating Activities:

Cash flow used in operations was approximately $218,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2013, an increase of approximately $128,000 from the same period of fiscal 2013. The increase in cash flow used in operations was partially due to the net loss of approximately ($282,000) for the six months ended December 31, 2013 compared to net income of approximately $242,000 for the six month ended December 31, 2012, as well as the change in the fair value of our warrant liability for warrants issued in June 2012.

Investing Activities:

During the first six months of fiscal 2014, we expended approximately $942,000 for capital equipment as compared to approximately $489,000 during the same period of fiscal 2013. The majority of our capital expenditures during both fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 were related to the purchase of equipment used to enhance or expand our production capacity and tooling for our precision molded products.  $214,000 of capital equipment was related to LPOIZ’s new facility in Zhenjiang. We anticipate increasing our expenditures during fiscal 2014 to enhance or expand our production capacity; however, the total amount expended will depend on opportunities and circumstances.

Financings activities:

Warrant Exercises

During first six months of fiscal 2014 the Company received $1,571,736 in gross proceeds from the exercise of warrants. The Company issued 1,136,142 shares of common stock in connection with these exercises. The exercise prices ranged from $0.87 to $1.89 per share of common stock.

Previously, our net use of cash has required that we draw down on our cash and cash equivalent balances and periodically raise additional funds through the sale of shares of common stock, debentures convertible into shares of our common stock, or a combination. If our efforts at reaching positive cash flow and profitability are not successful, we will need to raise additional capital. Should capital not be available to us at reasonable terms, other actions may become necessary in addition to cost control measures and continued efforts to increase sales. These actions may include exploring strategic options for the sale of the Company, the sale of certain product lines, the creation of joint ventures or strategic alliances under which we will pursue business opportunities, the creation of licensing arrangements with respect to our technology, or other alternatives.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not engage in any activities involving variable interest entities or off-balance sheet arrangements.

Results of Operations

Fiscal Second Quarter: Three months ended December 31, 2013 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2012

Revenues:

For the quarter ended December 31, 2013, we reported a slight decrease in total revenues of $2.91 million compared to $2.92 million for the second quarter of last fiscal year. The slight decrease from the second quarter of the prior fiscal year was attributable to revenue in the prior period of $253,000 for a large purchase order from Raytheon, offset by an increase in sales for our precision molded lenses for the telecommunications market.

Unit shipment volume in precision molded optics increased by 12% in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. Growth in sales for the next several quarters is expected to be derived primarily from the precision molded lens product line, driven by the telecommunications sector’s need for expanded infrastructure to support mobile internet demand; our industrial tool business, which benefited from an improving Chinese market; demand for fiber laser delivery systems; and our entry into the digital projection market. Infrared products, now being designed and introduced are expected to accelerate the Company’s growth more meaningfully beginning with the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014 and throughout fiscal 2015.

Cost of Sales:

Our gross margin percentage in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 was 43%. Total manufacturing costs of $1.67 million were approximately $17,000 higher in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase in manufacturing costs, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year, is a result of a $90,000 in higher wages and $27,000 higher in supplies offset by a decrease of $100,000 in direct costs associated with the Raytheon purchase order in the prior year.

Unit sales of precision molded optics lenses increased by 12% in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 compared to the same period last year. In the second quarter of fiscal 2014, 5% of our precision molded optic lens units sold were produced with more expensive glass types, compared to 36% in the same period last year. All of the precision molded optics lenses have been redesigned to use lower cost materials. Almost all of our customers ordering precision molded optic lenses in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 purchased the lower cost lenses. The decrease in sales of the more expensive glass types has resulted in improved coating efficiencies and has decreased our costs.

Direct costs, which include material, labor and services, increased to 31% of revenue in the second quarter of fiscal 2014, as compared to 23% of revenue in the second quarter of fiscal 2013. The increase in direct costs was primarily due to reclassification of tooling costs. These costs were previously in overhead but now tooling labor is now classified as direct labor.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2014, we changed our classification of tooling costs associated with inventory costing. Previously, the majority of such costs were classified within property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet. The periodic amortization of such costs was included in the pool of production overhead costs, a portion of which was capitalized into inventory. We are now classifying tooling costs as a direct inventory cost into specific products through our production costing processes.

This change was made to more accurately compute our standard costs and to reflect the process used to quote and internally estimate product costs overall. The Company believes this reclassification is preferable as it will provide greater precision in the costing of inventory and product pricing, which will enable us to better manage our margins, control our pricing and value our inventory. Since this change will more effectively value inventory based on historical tool usage factors and by individual part numbers, the result will be an increase in the accuracy of reporting the value of inventory and an improvement of matching costs with revenue. We do not expect this change to have a material impact on the reporting of future gross margins.

Selling, General and Administrative:

During the second quarter of fiscal 2014, selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) costs were approximately $1.15 million, compared to $1.02 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2013, an increase of approximately $136,000. This increase was due to an increase of $96,000 in stock compensation expense, an increase of $20,000 in higher travel expenses for sales trips and visits to our facility in China and an increase of $19,000 in sales commissions. The majority of the increase in stock compensation expense was due to the payout to the Estate of Mr. Silverman, a former member of our board of directors. We intend to maintain SG&A costs generally at current levels, with some increases expected for sales and marketing.

New Product Development:

New product development costs were approximately $264,000 in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 and 2013. We anticipate that these expenses will increase modestly for the remainder of fiscal year 2014 as we invest in the continued development and expansion of our infrared product lines.

Amortization of Intangibles:

Amortization expense from intangibles remained the same at approximately $8,000 per quarter in both the fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Other Income (Expense):

Interest expense was approximately $5,000 in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 as compared to $16,000 in the second quarter of fiscal 2013. Interest expense this year resulted from debt costs of our new credit facility. Last year this interest expense resulted from interest on our convertible debentures, at 8% per annum, and amortization of debt discount and debt costs.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2014 we recognized expense of approximately $35,000 related to the change in the fair value of derivative warrants issued in connection with our June 2012 private placement. We recognized income of approximately $170,000 in the same period last year. This fair value will be re-measured each reporting period throughout the five year life of the warrants, or until exercised.

Other income, net was approximately $25,000 in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 compared to approximately $12,000 in the second quarter of fiscal 2013. For the second quarter of fiscal 2014 this was primarily from the effects of foreign currency exchange transactions.

Net Income (Loss):

Net loss was approximately $202,000 or $0.01 basic and diluted per share during the second quarter of fiscal 2014, compared with the second quarter of fiscal 2013, in which we reported a net income of approximately $141,000 or $0.01 basic and diluted per share. The approximate $343,000 decrease resulted from the change in the fair value of our warrant liability for our June 2012 Warrants and higher SG&A costs.

Weighted-average shares outstanding (basic) was 13,863,865 in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 compared to 11,801,684 in the second quarter of fiscal 2013. The increase in weighted-average shares outstanding was primarily due to the issuance of shares of common stock related to the conversion of our debentures to common stock, exercises of our warrants and shares issued under the employee stock purchase plan.

Fiscal First Half: Six months ended December 31, 2013 compared to the six months ended December 31, 2012

Revenues:

For the six months ended December 31, 2013, we reported total revenues of $5.72 million compared to $5.81 million for the first half of last fiscal year, a decrease of 2%. The decrease from the first half of the prior fiscal year was attributable to revenue recognized in the first half of fiscal 2013 of $407,000 for a large purchase order from Raytheon, offset by an increase in sales in the current period for our precision molded lenses for the telecommunications and laser tool markets in the first half of fiscal 2014. Unit shipment volume in precision molded optics increased by 9% in the first half of fiscal 2014 compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year.

Cost of Sales:

Our gross margin percentage in the first half of fiscal 2014 was 45%, an increase from 42% in the first half of fiscal 2013. Total manufacturing costs of $3.16 million were approximately $206,000 lower in the first half of fiscal 2014 compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The decrease in manufacturing costs, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year, is a result of a decrease of $264,000 in direct costs associated with the Raytheon purchase order last year a decrease of $40,000 in freight costs and a decrease of $48,000 in direct costs due to the change in the product mix in the current period offset by an increase of $148,000 in wages.

Unit sales of precision molded optics lenses increased by 9% in the first half of fiscal 2014 compared to the same period last year. In the first half of fiscal 2014, 5% of our precision molded optic lens units sold were produced with more expensive glass types, compared to 41% in the same period last year.

Direct costs, which include material, labor and services, increased to 26% of revenue in the first half of fiscal 2014, as compared to 24% of revenue in the first half of fiscal 2013. The increase in direct costs was primarily due to reclassification of tooling costs. These costs were previously in overhead but now tooling labor is now classified as direct labor.

As discussed above in the results of operations for the fiscal second quarter, we changed our classification of tooling costs associated with inventory costing. Previously, the majority of such costs were classified within property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet. The periodic amortization of such costs was included in the pool of production overhead costs, a portion of which was capitalized into inventory. We are now classifying tooling costs as a direct inventory cost into specific products through our production costing processes. For additional discussion, refer to Note 2 to the financial statements.

Selling, General and Administrative:

During the first half of fiscal 2014, SG&A costs were approximately $2.23 million, compared to $2.00 million in the first half of fiscal 2013, an increase of approximately $230,000. This increase was due to an increase of $100,000 in stock compensation expense, an increase of $55,000 in wages, an increase of $50,000 in higher taxes and fees and an increase of $26,000 in sales commissions. The majority of the increase in stock compensation expense was due to the payout to the Estate of Mr. Silverman, a former member of our board of directors. We intend to maintain SG&A costs generally at current levels, with some increases expected for sales and marketing.

New Product Development:

New product development costs were approximately $559,000 in the first half of fiscal 2014 compared to $477,000 in the first half of fiscal 2013, an increase of $82,000. This increase was due to an increase of $58,000 in wages and an increase of $20,000 for consulting services for lens designs.

Amortization of Intangibles:

Amortization expense from intangibles remained the same at approximately $16,000 per periods in both the fiscal six month periods ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Other Income (Expense):

Interest expense was approximately $10,000 in the first half of fiscal 2014 as compared to $47,000 in the first half of fiscal 2013. Interest expense this year resulted from debt costs of our new credit facility. Last year this interest expense resulted from interest on our convertible debentures, at 8% per annum, and amortization of debt discount and debt costs.

In the first half of fiscal 2014 we recognized expense of approximately $54,000 related to the change in the fair value of derivative warrants issued in connection with our June 2012 private placement. We recognized income of $265,000 in the same period last year. This fair value will be re-measured each reporting period throughout the five year life of the warrants, or until exercised.

Other income, net was approximately $30,000 in the first half of fiscal 2014 compared to approximately $75,000 in the first half of fiscal 2013. For the first half of fiscal 2014, other income was primarily comprised of the foreign currency exchange transactions. In the first half of fiscal 2013, we sold a technology license for our GRADIUM product line in Asia for $150,000 of which we recognized other income of $50,000 for the first milestone.

Net Income (Loss):

Net loss was approximately $282,000 or $0.02 basic and diluted per share during the first half of fiscal 2014, compared with the first half of fiscal 2013, in which we reported a net income of approximately $242,000 or $0.02 basic and diluted per share. The approximate $524,000 decrease resulted from the change in the fair value of our warrant liability for our June 2012 Warrants, and higher SG&A expenses. The absense of royality income from licensing the GRADIUM product line, which was recognized in the first half of fiscal 2013, also affected net loss for the first half of 2014.

Weighted-average shares outstanding (basic) was 13,715,789 in the first half of fiscal 2014 compared to 11,786,793 in the first half of fiscal 2013. The increase in weighted-average shares outstanding was primarily due to the issuance of shares of common stock related to the conversion of our debentures to common stock, exercises of our warrants and shares issued under the employee stock purchase plan.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates:

Allowance for accounts receivable is calculated by taking 100% of the total of invoices that are over 90 days past due from due date and 10% of the total of invoices that are over 60 days past due from the due date for U.S. based accounts and 100% on invoices that are over 120 days past due for China based accounts. Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. Recovery of bad debt amounts which were previously written off is recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense in the period the payment is collected. If the Company’s actual collection experience changes, revisions to its allowance may be required. After attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.

Inventory obsolescence reserve is calculated by reserving 100% for items that have not been sold in two years or that have not been purchased in two years and 25% for products which we have more than a two year supply, as well as reserving 50% for other items deemed to be slow moving within the last 12 months and reserving 25% for items deemed to have low material usage within the last six months.  

Revenue is recognized from product sales when products are shipped to the customer, provided that the Company has received a valid purchase order, the price is fixed, title has transferred, collection of the associated receivable is reasonably assured, and there are no remaining significant obligations. Revenues from product development agreements are recognized as milestones as completed in accordance with the terms of the agreements and upon shipment of products, reports or designs to the customer. Invoiced amounts for sales for value-added taxes (VAT) are posted to the balance sheet and not included in revenue.

The Company recognized and recorded $50,000 in license income in “other income (expense), net” in September 2012. The transaction is being accounted for under the guidance of ASC 605-10, Revenue Recognition, in which all fees under the agreement are expected to be collectible in full, the licensing arrangement is exclusive and the term of the license extends beyond the remaining life of the patents.

Stock based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period.  We estimate the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. Most options granted under our Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan vest ratably over two to four years and generally have ten-year contract lives.  The volatility rate is based on four-year historical trends in common stock closing prices and the expected term was determined based primarily on historical experience of previously outstanding options.  The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities. The likelihood of meeting targets for option grants that are performance based are evaluated each quarter. If it is determined that meeting the targets is probable then the compensation expense will be amortized over the remaining vesting period.

Deferred revenue/ Other receivables relates to a $1.1 million purchase order from Raytheon that is being recognized into revenue on a percentage of completion basis. The Company is using the “cost-to-cost method” to allow it to measure progress toward completion based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs. The Company recorded in other receivables in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet based the difference between the amounts invoiced on the project and the amount recognized into revenue. As of December 31, 2013, the Company invoiced $843,500 and recognized $1,097,030 as revenue to date ($481,000 recognized during fiscal 2013 and $0 during fiscal 2014). The balance of $253,530 is recorded as other receivables. The project is now expected to be completed by March 2014. At December 31, 2013, the Company had no billed accounts receivable outstanding with respect to this purchase order as of December 31, 2013.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2013, the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2013 in reporting on a timely basis information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act.

During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2013, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6.  Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed herewith as a part of this report.

*Filed herewith.

Notes:

1.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (File No: 33-80119) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 7, 1995 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

2.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 10-KSB40 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 11, 1997 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

3.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 1997 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

4.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-47905) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 1998 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

5.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 1998 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

6.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No: 333-94303) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2000 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

7.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2003 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

8.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 10-KSB filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 31, 2000 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

9.   The Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan, dated October 15, 2002 was filed as an exhibit to our Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 12, 2002. Amendment No. 1, dated October 20, 2004 and Amendment No. 2, dated December 6, 2004, were filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-121389) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 17, 2004. Amendment No. 3, dated November 1, 2007 and Amendment No. 4, dated January 31, 2013, were filed as an exhibit to our Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 10, 2012.

10. This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 12, 2008, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

11. This exhibit was filed as amendment number 1 to Form 8-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2008, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

12. This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 20, 2009, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

13.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 9, 2010, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

14.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No, 333-121385) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 17, 2004, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

15.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 11, 2012, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

16.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 11, 2012, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

17.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

18.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October3, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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